1 Cobe of ©rbinancesf of ®fje Cttp of Jf^eto §9orfe ADOPTED JUNE 20, 1916 APPROVED JULY 6. 1916 gmenbeb to tfje clotfe ot tfje gear 1920 WITH INDEX, NOTATIONS OF SOURCES AND TABLE OF DISPOSITION OF GENERAL ORDINANCES REPEALED Committi t on Co&ification of <©rHinance£ 25 oarD of &l&ermen EDWARD W. CURLEY Chairman FRANCIS D. McGAREY GEORGE J. JOYCE MORITZ GRAUBARD CHARLES H. HAUBERT SAMUEL R. MORRIS RUDOLPH HANNOCH JOHN N. KNOESEL CLIFFORD S. BOSTWICK JOHN WIRTH JOHN J. KELLER ALEXANDER BRAUNSTEIN FRANK J. MARTIN, Ordinance Clerk ( ®f)c Cobe of ©rbtnances of Wly e Citp of J2eto |9ork ADOPTED JUNE 20, 1916 APPROVED JULY 6, 1916 gte Amended to tfje clo fie of tfje gear 1920 WITH INDEX, NOTATIONS OF SOURCES AND TABLE OF DISPOSITION OF GENERAL ORDINANCES REPEALED COMPILED BY Committee on Codification of #r&inancee? 25oarD of aldermen EDWARD W. CURLEY, Chairman FRANCIS D. McGAREY GEORGE J. JOYCE MORITZ GRAUBARD CHARLES H. HAUBERT SAMUEL R. MORRIS RUDOLPH HANNOCH JOHN N. KNOESEL CLIFFORD S. BOSTWICK JOHN WIRTH JOHN J. KELLER ALEXANDER BRAUNSTEIN FRANK J. MARTIN, Ordinance Clerk PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF A RESOLUTION OF THE BOARD OF ALDERMEN Adopted December 21, 1920 P. J. SCULLY City Clerk and Clerk of the Board of Aldermen CITY OF NEW YORK CODE OF ORDINANCES ; WHEN TO BE PRIMA FACIE EVIDENCE; JUDICIAL NOTICE OF ORDINANCES “A code or other volume containing either the ordinances or by-laws of the city, published by authority of the Board of Aldermen, shall be prima facie evidence in all courts of justice of the authenticity of such ordinances or by-laws.” All courts in the city shall take judicial notice of city ordinances. (Greater New York^Charter, § 1556. As amended by Chapter 382, Laws of 1917.) “An * * * ordinance * * * of the Common Council of a City * * * may be read in evidence either from a copy certified by the City Clerk * * * or from a volume printed by authority of the Common Council of a city.” * * * (Code of Civil Procedure, §941.) 17-5017-20-B s i A g: REMOTE STORAC 3) SZ. 01411 N 4" I crn. 2^6 BOOKSTACKS OFFICE AN ORDINANCE Constituting the Code of Ordinances of the City of New York. Be it Ordained by the Board of Aldermen of the City of New York as follows: Section 1. The following shall constitute THE CODE OF ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. J 1 Article 1. 2 . 3. 4. 5. 6 . 7. 8 . 9. 10 . 11 . 12 . 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20 . 21 . 22 . 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. Article 1. Article 1. Article 1. 2 . 3. 4. 5. 6 . 7. 8 . Chapter 5. BUILDING CODE. General provisions (pp. 44-50). Materials (pp. 50-53). Working stresses and loads (pp. 53-58). Classification of buildings (pp. 58-60). Restricted areas (pp. 60-66). Height, size and arrangement (p. 66). Light and ventilation (pp. 67-69). Exit facilities (pp. 69-74). Projections beyond building line (pp. 74-76). Safeguards during construction or demolition (pp. 77-79). Partition fences and walls (pp. 79-80). Excavations and foundations (pp. 80-85). Masonry construction (pp. 85-91). Wood construction (pp. 91-92). Iron and steel construction (pp. 92-96). Reinforced concrete construction (pp. 96-99). Fireproof construction (pp. 99-104). Safeguards against the spread of fire (pp. 105-109). Chimneys and heating apparatus (pp. 109-115). Roofing and roof structures (pp. 116-118). Miscellaneous requirements (pp. 118-119). Frame buildings (pp. 119-122). Buildings of a public character (p. 122). Motion-picture theatres (pp. 122-125). Theatres and other places of amusement (pp. 126-134). Miscellaneous structures (p. 134). Elevators (pp. 134-136). Fire extinguishing appliances (pp. 136-137). Plumbing and other systems of piping (pp. 137-139). Altering, changing or demolishing buildings (p. 139). Unsafe buildings and collapsed structures (pp. 139-143). Enforcement of chapter (pp. 143-148). Chapter 6. CHARITIES. Inmates of public institutions (pp. 149-150). Chapter 7. CORRECTIONS. Inmates of correctional institutions (pp. 151-153). Chapter 8. DOCKS, FERRIES AND HARBOR CONTROL. General provisions (p. 154). Apportionment of wharf property (pp. 154-156). Buildings and structures on waterfront property (pp. 157-159). Maintenance of wharf property (pp. 159-161). Discharge and storage of cargoes (pp. 161-162). Wharfage rates (pp. 162-164). Ferries (p. 164). Protection of navigation (p. 164). 4 Article 1. 2 . 3. 4. 5. 6 . 7. Article 1. 2 . 3. 4. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 . 11 . 12 . 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20 . 21 . 22 . 23. 24. 25. 26. Article 1. Article 1. 2 . Article 1. Chapter 9. ELECTRICAL CONTROL. General provisions (pp. 166-169). Generators, motors, switchboards (pp. 169-175). Outside work (pp. 175-177). Inside work (pp. 178-203). Fittings, materials and details of construction (pp. 203-228). Miscellaneous (pp. 228-231). Violations (p. 231). Chapter 10. EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. Regulations of the Municipal Explosives Commission. General provisions (pp. 232-237). Certificates and permits (pp. 237-238). Bonds and fees (pp. 239-244). Manufacture, storage, sale, transportation and use of explosives (pp. 245-252). Ammunition (p. 253). Fireworks (pp. 254-257). Matches (pp. 257-258). Mineral oils (pp. 258-262). Inflammable mixtures (pp. 263-266). Combustible mixtures (p. 266). Garages (pp. 266-269). Motor vehicle repair shops (p. 270). Dry cleaning ^nd dry dyeing establishments (pp. 270-272). Motorcycle repair shops and storage places (pp. 272-273). Paints, varnishes and lacquers (pp. 273-274). Calcium carbide (p. 274). Gases under pressure (pp. 275-279). Refrigerating plants (pp. 280-281). Nitro-cellulose (pp. 281-283). Inflammable motion picture films (pp. 283-284). Distilled liquors and alcohols (pp. 284-285). Oils and fats (p. 285). Technical establishments (pp. 285-286). Wholesale drug stores and drug and chemical houses (pp. 286-291). Retail drug stores (pp. 291-294). Miscellaneous (p. 294). Chapter 11. FIREARMS. General provisions (pp. 295-297). Chapter 12. FIRES AND FIRE PREVENTION. Fire extinction (pp. 298-300). Fire prevention (pp. 300-305). Chapter 13. HOSPITALS. General provisions (p. 306). 5 Chapter 14. LICENSES. Article 1. General provisions (pp. 307-309). 2. Billiard and pool tables (p. 309). 3. Bowling alleys (pp. 309-310). 4. Dealers in second-hand articles (pp. 310-312). 5. Dirt carts (p. 313). 6. Express and expressmen (p. 313). 7. Exterior hoists (p. 314). 8. Hacks, cabs and taxicabs (pp. 314-323). 9. Junk dealers (pp. 323-325). 9a. Pawnbrokers (p. 326). 10. Peddlers, hawkers and venders (pp. 326-327). 11. Public carts and cartment (pp. 327-329). 12. Public porters (pp. 329-330). 13. Shooting galleries (p. 330). 14. Street musicians (p. 331). 15. Massage institutes and operators (p. 332). 16. Lessees of tenements (p. 333). 17. Bathing establishments and bathhouse keepers (pp. 333-334). Chapter 15. Article 1. 2 . 3. 4. MARKETS. General provisions (pp. 335-336). Location and designation of public markets (pp. 336-340). Farmers and market gardeners (pp. 340-341). Manufacture and sale o-f ice (pp. 341-343). Chapter 16. Article 1. 2 . MUNICIPAL CIVIL SERVICE. General provisions (pp. 344-345). Special provisions (p. 345). Chapter 17. PARKS, PARKWAYS AND PARK STREETS. ( Regulations of the Park Board.) Article 1. General provisions (pp. 346-349). 2. Traffic regulations (pp. 349-353). 3. Building and other projections (pp. 353-356). 4. Miscellaneous (pp. 356-357). Chapter 18. POLICE AND FIRE. Article 1. Boiler inspection (p. 358). 2. Uniformed force (p. 358). Chapter 19. RAILROADS. Article 1. Elevated railroads (p. 359). 2. Street railroads (pp. 359-360). 3. Trunk line railroads (pp. 360-361). 6 Article 1. 2 . 3. 4. 5. 6 . 7. 8 . 9. 10 . 11 . 12 . 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. Article 1. 2 . 3. Article 1. 2 . 3. Article 1. 2 . 3. 4. 5. 6 . 7. 8 . 9. 10 . 11 . 12 . 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. Chapter 20. SANITARY CODE. Definitions (pp. 362-365). Animals (pp. 365-369). Births, marriages and deaths (pp. 369-373). Buildings (pp. 373-375). Cold storage (p. 376). Medical examiners (p. 377). . Diseases (pp. 377-382). Drugs and medicines (pp. 382-387). Food and drink (pp. 388-402). General provisions (pp. 402-404). Midwifery and care of children (pp. 404-405). Miscellaneous provisions (pp. 405-409). Offensive materials (pp. 409-415). Plumbing, drainage, ventilation and sewage (pp. 416-419). Passenger cars (pp. 419-420). Street conditions (pp. 420-421). Trades, occupations and business (pp. 421-426). Vessels and seamen (pp. 426-429). Chapter 21. SEWERS AND DRAINS. General provisions (p. 430). Construction (pp. 430-432). Maintenance (p. 432). Chapter 22. STREET CLEANING. General provisions (p. 433). Refuse and rubbish (pp. 433-435). Snow and ice (pp. 435-437). Chapter 23. STREETS. General provisions (pp. 438-439). Advertisements, placards and posters (p. 440). Assemblies (pp. 440-441). Auctions and other sales (p. 441). Awnings (pp. 441-442). Boundaries and monuments (pp. 442-443). Construction and repair (pp. 443-445). Disturbance of surface (p. 445). Excavations (pp. 445-449). House numbering (pp. 449-450). Lights (p. 450). Noises (pp. 450-452). Obstructions and incumbrances (pp. 452-461) Projections and encroachments (pp. 461-463). Sidewalks (pp. 463-465). Signs and show bills (pp. 466-470). Vaults (pp. 470-472). Miscellaneous (pp. 472-473). Laying and installation of pipes, mains or conduits (p. 473) 7 Article Article Article INDEX Chapter 24. TRAFFIC REGULATIONS. 1. General provisions (p. 474). 2. Rules of the road (pp. 474-482). 3. Miscellaneous regulations (pp. 482-485). Chapter 25. WATER SUPPLY. 1. Construction and maintenance (pp. 486-487). 2. Rents and charges (pp. 487-490). 3. Use of water (pp. 490-491). Chapter 26. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 1. Bureau of weights and measures (p. 492). 2. Regulation of weights and measures (pp. 493-495). 3. Standards of various commodities (pp. 495-498). Chapter 27. MISCELLANEOUS. (pp. 499-502). Chapter 28. REPEAL. (p. 503). AND TABLE OF DISPOSITION OF GENERAL ORDINANCES REPEALED. CHAPTER 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS. Article 1. Definitions. 2. , Miscellaneous regulations. ARTICLE 1. Definitions. Section 1. Definitions. §1. Definitions. Unless otherwise expressly stated, whenever used in this ordinance, the following terms shall respectively be deemed to mean : 1. Alderman , a member of the board of aldermen; 2. Board of estimate, the board of estimate and apportionment; 3. Bureau, board, office, commission, department or commissioner, the bureau, board, office, commission, department or commissioner to which or to whom the section, article or chapter, in which the term is used, relates ; 4. Charter, the Greater New York Charter; 5. City, the city of New York as constituted by the charter; 6. Code of ordinances, the code of ordinances of the city; 7. County, a county wholly included within the city; 8. Day, a calendar day exclusive of Sundays and full legal holidays; 9. Department, includes each bureau and division of the department; 10. Employee, any person whose salary or compensation is paid out of the city treasury, other than an officer designated as such by ordinance or statute ; 11. Local improvement, an improvement the expense of which is assessed, in whole or in part, upon the property deemed benefited ; 12. Park, includes parkway; 13. Person, a natural person, corporation, company, association, joint-stock association, firm and co-partnership ; 14. Port of, New York, the public waters embraced within, adjacent to or opposite the shores of the city and over which the state of New York has jurisdiction; 15. Public property, any property, property rights and interests owned by the city as well as all “ streets,” “ parks,” “ water front property,” and public places and waters within or belonging to the city ; 16. Real property, any lands, lands under water, water front property, the water of any lake, pond or stream ; all easements and hereditaments, corporeal or incorporeal and every estate, interest and right, legal and equitable, in lands or water, and any right, interest, privilege, easement and franchise relating to the same, including terms for years and liens by way of judgment, mortgage or otherwise; 17. Sewer, a sewer, drainage canal, drain and sewage disposal work; 18. Street, any street, avenue, road, alley, lane, highway, boulevard, concourse, driveway, culvert, sidewalk and crosswalk, every class of public road, square and place, except marginal wharf ; 19. Street purposes, the purposes of a street, park, bridge or tunnel or approach to either, except marginal wharf ; 20. Vessel, a lighter, tender or other boat or ship, whatever its means of propulsion ; 21. Water front property, any wharf, marginal wharf, pier, dock, ferry terminal, bulkhead, slip or basin, and all structures thereon, and the land under water beneath 9 CHAP. 1, ART. 2, SEC. 2. the same, and lands under water below high-water mark, and all easements, appur- tenant thereto, and upland and made land adjacent to such wharf, pier, dock, bulkhead, slip, basin and lands under water, jurisdiction over which is possessed by or may be assigned to the department of docks and ferries by the sinking fund commission, together with the easements, uses, reversions and appurtenances belonging to the same; excepting therefrom such upland or made-land as constitutes a street, the driveway authorized by chapter 102, of the laws of 1893, and acts amending the same, and such lands as have been or shall be acquired for public parks ; 22. Water rents, the expense of meters, with their installation, connections, setting and maintenance, and all rents, rates and other charges for water supply, and all fines and penalties imposed for violations of laws or ordinances relating to water supply ; 23. Water supply purposes, the purposes of maintaining, preserving and increasing the city’s water supply and preventing its contamination or pollution. ♦ARTICLE 2. Miscellaneous Regulations. Section 2. 3. 4. 4a, 5. 6. 7. 8 . 9. 10 . 11 . City seal. Official city flag. Mayor’s flag. Aldermanic flag. Flags and decorations on city hall. Publication of general ordinances. Designation of acting head of a department. Office hours. Meetings of boards. Municipal reference library to have reports, etc. Sales of waste material. §2. City Seal. a. Description. The corporate seal of The City of New York, as adopted by the common council on July 24, 1686, with the alteration adopted by the common council on March 16, 1784, is hereby re-established, and the following device is hereby adopted as the device of said seal, to wit : Arms: Upon a shield, saltire wise, the sails of a windmill. Between the sails, in 'chief a beaver, in base a beaver, and on each flank a flour barrel ; Supporters: Dexter, a sailor, his right arm bent, and holding in his right hand a plummet; his left arm bent, his left hand resting on the top of the shield; above his right shoulder a cross-staff. Sinister, an Indian of Manhattan, his right arm bent, his right hand resting on the top of the shield, his left hand holding the upper end of a bow, the lower end of which rests on the ground. Shield and supporters resting upon a horizontal laurel branch ; Date: Beneath the horizontal laurel branch the date 1664, being the year of the capture of New Amsterdam by the English and the first use of the name of the City of New York; Crest: Upon a hemisphere, an American eagle with wings displayed; Legend: Upon a ribbon encircling the lower half of the design the words u Sigillum Civitatis Novi Eboraci” ; The whole encircled by a laurel wreath. ♦ As amended by ord. approved May 1. 1915. 10 GENERAL PROVISIONS. design is hereby adopted as the official and standard b. Design. The following design of such corporate seal: c. Execution and custody of. The city clerk shall cause to be executed and cast in bronze a model of the foregoing design as the standard corporate seal of the city and shall keep the same in his custody. The city clerk shall also cause the said design to be engraved in accurate conformity therewith upon metal as the seal of the city and shall keep and affix the same, as provided in §31 of the charter ; and he shall also provide in the same manner for all other officers of the city who are required or authorized by law to have or use the corporate seal of the city. d. Date of effect and use of. On and after June 24, 1915, the said seal shall be used for all requisite purposes and all representations of the seal of the city impressed or printed on and after said date on documents, publications or stationery, issued or used by or in the name or under the authority of the city or of any borough or depart- ment thereof, or carved, or otherwise represented on buildings or structures owned by the city; or otherwise officially portrayed shall be in exact conformity with the aforesaid standard design without alteration or addition, except that the legend “Sigillum Civitatis Novi Eboraci” may be omitted when the design is used on the 11 CHAP. 1, ART. 2, SECS. 3-6. city flag or for architectural or ornamental purposes. The seals now in use by the city clerk and by any other city officers shall be defaced and cancelled on said date by the city clerk and shall remain in his custody. (Ord., May 1, 1915.) §3. Official city flag. The following design is hereby adopted as the design of the official flag of the city and as a substitute for the flag now in use, to wit : A flag combining the colors, orange, white and blue, arranged in perpendicular bars of equal dimensions (the blue being nearest to the flagstaff) with the standard de- sign of the seal of the city in blue upon the middle, or white bar, omitting the legend “Sigillum Civitatis Novi Eboraci” which said colors shall be the same as those of the flag of the United Netherlands in use in the year 1626. (Ord., May 1, 1915.) And the American flag shall be displayed on all city-owned or other buildings occupied by any city department or institution of whatever character on all days of the year, excepting Sundays. (Amended by ord. effective Feb. 27, 1917.) §4. Mayor’s flag. The official flag of the mayor shall be the same in design as the official flag of the city, except that upon the middle or white bar there shall be above the design of the seal in a semi-circle, 5 blue five-pointed stars, typifying the 5 boroughs of the city; the dimensions of such flag shall be 33 inches by 44 inches. (Ord., May 1, 1915.) §4a. Aldermanic flag. The official flag of the board of aldermen shall be the same in design as the official flag of the city, except that upon the middle or white bar there shall be below the design of the seal, in a straight line, the words “Board of Aldermen”; the dimen- sions of such flag shall be the same as the standard size of flags used for state and parade occasions. (Added by ord. appd. November 8, 1918.) §5. Flags and decorations on city hall. All power and authority to display flags or other decorations on, in or about the city hall, or other public buildings within the City Hall park, is hereby vested in the mayor, unless otherwise ordered by the board of aldermen, by a vote of the majority of all the members elected to the board. (Ord., May 1, 1915.) §6. Publication of general ordinances. 1. Proposed ordinances. The clerk of the board of aldermen shall have printed, within 4 days after the introduction thereof, 200 copies of each proposed ordinance which adds to. amends, alters or repeals any provision of the code of ordinances, except that, if an ordinance be of such a nature that demand for copies may be in excess of 200 the clerk may, by requisition on the supervisor of the City Record, apply for more copies than herein provided. All ordinances amending or repealing any existing law or ordinance shall, when printed, contain in brackets the parts repealed, and all new matter shall be printed in italics. Each ordinance, printed in accordance with the provisions of this subdivision shall bear the name of the introducer and its introductory number, and a brief statement of the disposition made thereof upon its introduction. A copy of each ordinance, printed in accordance with the provisions hereof, shall be delivered or mailed by the city clerk to the head of every department in the city. The remaining copies shall be retained by him for distribution, within his discretion, to persons desiring the same; provided, however, that he shall always retain at least 50 copies until such time as the ordinance shall have taken effect, or the term of the members of the board, during which it was introduced, shall have expired. 2. Adopted and approved ordinances. The clerk of the board of aldermen shall cause 300 copies of each general ordinance to be published in separate leaflet form, consecutively numbered and paged in the form and style of the Session Laws of the State of New York, within 10 days after its approval by the mayor, or upon 12 GENERAL PROVISIONS. its taking eftect without his approval or disapproval, or after reconsideration and readoption by the board of aldermen subsequent to his disapproval thereof, as pro- vided by §40 of the charter, as amended and supplemented, except that, if an ordi- nance shall be of such a nature that demand for copies may be in excess of 300 the clerk may, by requisition on the Supervisor of the City Record, apply for more copies than herein provided. (Amended by ord. effective Sept. 18, 1917.) §7. Designation of acting head of a department. The mayor is authorized to designate some senior officer in any department or bureau to serve as the acting commissioner or chief oif the department or bureau, when the commissioner or chief thereof is absent from the city, or sick, for more than 10 consecutive days; provided such commissioner or chief of department or bureau is not authorized by law to designate any subordinate to act in his place, or, if so authorized, has failed to make such designation. The mayor may authorize any act- ing commissioner or chief of bureau to make appointments or removals during the term of his designation, which shall not exceed 30 days and may be revoked at any time by the mayor. Where a bond is required by law from the commissioner or chief of bureau, a similar bond shall be given by the acting commissioner or chief of bureau, designated pursuant to the authority conferred by this section. (Ord. effective Nov. 19. 1913.) §8. Office hours. Except as herein otherwise provided, the office hours for all public offices of the city, and of all county offices within the city, unless otherwise fixed by law, shall be from 9 o’clock a. m. to 5 o’clock p. m. ; provided, however, that the head of a city office or department, or a county officer who comes within the foregoing pro- visions of this section, may adopt a rule that his office shall be closed to the public at 4 p. m., when in his judgment the period between the hours of 4 p. m. and 5 p. m. is required for the performance of the work of his office. During the months of July and August the office hours of such offices shall be, if the head of the office or de- partment in his discretion so orders, from 9 o’clock a. m. to 4 o’clock p. m. The foregoing provisions shall be subject to the qualification that on Saturdays the office hours of any such office shall be from 9 o’clock a. m. to 12 o’clock noon. (Ord. ap- proved Feb. 15, 1915.) §9. Meetings of boards. All meetings of boards or commissions, constituting departments of the govern- ment of the city, shall be held openly, and shall in all cases be accessible to the public. They shall be held at such times and places as the board or commission may deter- mine, and due notice thereof shall be published in the City Record. (C. O., §488.) §10. Municipal reference library, to have official reports, etc. The head of each department, bureau, board, commission or office of the city shall transmit to the municipal reference branch of the New York Public Library, in the municipal building in the borough of Manhattan, 4 copies of each annual or quar- terly report or other publication of such department, bureau, board, commission or office, immediately after the same shall have been issued. (Ord. effective Dec. 22, 1914.) §11. Sales of waste material. All old and waste material, under the care of any department, shall be sold from time to time as may be deemed best for the public interest, in accordance with law. Any such sale shall be conducted under the immediate supervision of the head of the bureau having charge of the material to be sold and the proceeds thereof shall be collected by him and transmitted, within 24 hours, to the head of the department for deposit in the city treasury, except as otherwise specially provided by law or ordi- nance. (C. O. §490.) 13 Article 1. 2 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 . 11 . 12 . 13. 14. CHAPTER 2. ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS. City debt and sinking funds. Contracts. Real estate. The mayor. The president of the board of aldermen. The comptroller. The borough presidents. Corporation counsel. City marshals. City surveyors. Public administrator. Public employment bureau. Taxes and assessments. Miscellaneous regulations. ARTICLE 1. City Debt and Sinking Funds. Section 1. Definitions; saving clause. 2. Assessment bonds. 3. Board of commissioners of the sinking fund; quorum. 4. Sinking fund of The City of New York for the redemption of the city debt; sources of income. 5. Sinking fund of The City of New York for the payment of interest 6. Collection of income of sinking funds. 7. Bonds and mortgages due the city; duties of comptroller. 8. Investment of moneys of the sinking fund for redemption of the city debt. 9. Record of proceedings of the board ; report to board of aldermen. §1. Definitions; saving clause. The term city debt and city stock used in this article shall be construed to mean any bonds or stocks, or notes issued in anticipation of the issue of bonds or stock, created by the former corporation of the City of New York, or by the city as con- stituted by the charter. Nothing in this article shall be so construed as to impair or affect any pledge heretofore made, and now existing, of any property or its pro- ceeds, embraced in any ordinance relating to the city debt. (C. O.. §70, and subd. 10, §54.) §2. Assessment bonds. The comptroller shall keep an account of all assessment bonds issued by him, specifying the particular work on account of which the same shall have been issued ; and all moneys collected on account of any work for the payment of which said bonds were issued shall be applied to the payment of such bonds. (C. O., §524.) §3. Board of the commissioners of the sinking fund; quorum. Any four or more of the members of the board of commissioners of the sinking fund, as constituted by the charter, of whom the comptroller shall be one, shall be and are hereby authorized to discharge the trusts and duties vested in them by this article. (C. O., §56.) 14 ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS. §4. Sinking Fund of The City of New York for the redemption of the city debt; sources of income. All moneys heretofore received and hereafter to be received from the following sources are hereby pledged and appropriated to and shall constitute and form a fund called the sinking fund of The City of New York for the redemption of the city debt, until the whole of the stocks of the city shall be finally and fully redeemed, namely : 1. For commutation of quit-rents on grants; 2. For quit-rents arising from such grants as were issued prior to the year 1804; 3. The net proceeds of all sales of real estate belonging to the city, except when the same are made payable to a fund, the purpose of which is restricted to the pur- chase of other real estate, as provided by the charter; 4. The net proceeds of all bonds and mortgages payable to the city when col- lected, except when the said bonds and mortgages are part of the proceeds of the sale of real estate and the proceeds thereof are deposited in a fund, the purpose of which is restricted to the purchase of other real estate, as provided by the charter ; 5. For licenses to pawnbrokers and dealers in the purchase or sale of second- hand furniture, metals or clothes ; 6. For public hack licenses and compensation paid on account of street vaults; 7. For exclusive occupation of private wharves, basins and piers ; 8. For market fees and market rents; 9. All such other sources of revenue or sums of money as the board of esti- mate and the board of aldermen may appropriate to said fund. The revenues herein assigned for the redemption of the city debt shall be kept distinct from all other revenues payable to the board of commissioners. (C. O., §§53 and 65.) §5. Sinking fund of The City of New York for the payment of interest. All moneys hereafter to be received from the following sources are pledged, appro- priated and are to be applied to and constitute and form a fund to be called “The sinking fund of The City of New York for the payment of interest accruing and to accrue upon the stocks of the City of New York,” until the same shall be fully and finally redeemed, namely : 1. For interest on all bonds and mortgages owned by the city, issued prior to January 1, 1898; 2. For fees heretofore known as mayoral fees now collectible by the department of licenses, except as otherwise provided by law ; 3. For fines and penalties, except as otherwise provided by law ; 4. For fees and fines collected by clerks of the courts for the city, except as otherwise provided by law; 5. Rents from all sources not otherwise pledged ; 6. For the sale of all property of the city other than real estate, except as other- wise provided by law. All moneys constituting the fund for the payment of interest on the city debt, whenever required to meet such interest, shall be drawn from the treasury by a warrant signed by the .commissioners of the sinking fund or any four of them, the comptroller being one. (C. O., §§54, 66.) §6. Collection of income of sinking funds. The comptroller shall superintend the collection of all rents, interest and demands due the sinking funds, and direct all necessary measures to complete the payment of them and report the condition of same to the board of aldermen quarterly. (C. O., §41.) 15 CHAP. 2, ART. 1, SECS. 7, 8. §7. Bonds and mortgages due the city; duties of comptroller. The comptroller is hereby authorized, with the sanction of the board of com- missioners of the sinking fund, to assign any bond or mortgage held by the board to any person or persons who may elect to take such assignment, upon the payment in full of the principal and interest due on said bond and mortgage; and the mayor and city clerk are hereby authorized and directed to execute, under their hands and the seal of the city, any such assignment, upon evidence being exhibited to them, showing that the principal and interest of such bond and mortgage have been paid into the treasury of the city to the credit of the board of commissioners of the sinking fund. Upon the payment of any bond and mortgage in full, the comptroller shall prepare and cause to be executed a proper satisfaction of such bond and mortgage; which the mayor and city clerk are hereby authorized to execute, upon the production of evidence that the bond and mortgage has been paid, as provided in the preceding sentence of this section. But no release of any part of the premises contained in such mortgage, from the lien created by such mortgage thereon, shall be made or executed by them. (C. O., §§43, 44.) §8. Investment of moneys of the sinking fund for redemption of the city debt. The board shall, from time to time, invest the moneys which shall constitute the sinking fund for the redemption of the city debt, or as much as it can, in the purchase of stocks created by the city at not exceeding the market price therefor; and if, at any time, such investments cannot be made to the advantage of the city, then the board shall be authorized to invest the said moneys, or such part thereof as they may see fit, either in the purchase of stock of the state of New York, or of stock or bonds of the United States, notwithstanding such stock or bonds may be above the par value thereof. The powers conferred in this section shall be so con- strued as to render it imperative on the board, at all times to give preference to the purchase of city stock, if the same can be procured at a reasonable rate. Whenever the board shall have invested any part of the said fund in the purchase of the stocks of this state or of the United States, and shall at any time thereafter be enabled to purchase any of the city stocks, at such prices as the commissioners may judge best for the public interest, they shall forthwith sell and dispose of said stocks of the state or of the United States and invest the net proceeds thereof in the city stock, if, in their opinion, such disposition would be beneficial to the public interest. When- ever the board shall have invested any part of the said fund in the purchase of city stock, and shall at any time thereafter be enabled to purchase any of the city stock which shall be by its terms redeemable at an earlier day, the board may forthwith sell the same and invest the net proceeds in such other city stock, if in the opinion of the commissioners such exchange shall be desirable and beneficial to the public interest. Whenever any of the moneys constituting the sinking fund for the redemp- tion of the city debt shall be required for any purchase or investment mentioned in this section, or for the redemption of any of the city stocks at their maturity, the amount of money required shall be paid from the treasury by warrant, signed by the board or any four of its members, the comptroller being one. All stocks and securities which shall be purchased by the board shall be transferred to it, and all transfers thereof, when disposed of pursuant to the provisions of this section, shall be made by the commissioners or any four of them, of whom the comptroller shall be one. The city stock which shall be purchased by the board shall not be canceled by it until the final redemption of the same, and all interest accruing thereon shall regularly be carried to the sinking fund for the redemption of the city debt. Nothing in this section shall be so construed as to prevent the board from tem- porarily investing the unemployed moneys belonging to the sinking fund in the tem- porary bonds of the city. (C. 0., §§58-64, 67.) 16 ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS. §9. Record of proceedings of the board; report to board of aldermen. The comptroller shall keep a correct journal of the proceedings of the board of commissioners of the sinking fund, to be authenticated by the secretary of the board, by his signature; and once in each year, or oftener, if required, the comptroller shall render unto the board of aldermen a full and detailed report of the proceedings of the board. The report shall specify the disbursements, purchases, exchanges and sales made by the board, the prices at which and the parties from whom such purchases, with whom such exchanges, and to whom such sales shall have been made; the amounts and descriptions of the stocks of the city purchased by the board; the amounts and descriptions of the stocks of this state and of the United States then held by the board, and the amounts paid for interest on city stocks. Such report shall also contain a detailed statement of the receipts and of the unemployed moneys in the city treasury to the credit of each sinking fund. (C. O., §§68, 69.) ARTICLE 2. Contracts. Section 60. When requisite. 61. Contracts of borough presidents. 62. Surveys or plans. 63. Proposals for estimates. 64. Form of proposals. 65. Contents of estimates; verification. 66. Opening estimates. 67. Samples. 68. Payment in installments ; security required. 69. Payments on assessment work; security required. 70. Protection against accidents. 71. Snow removal contracts, payment of laborers. 72. Enforcement of contracts ; bonds. 73. Payments on contracts. 74. Certificate of amount due. 75. Inspection of contract work. 76. Affidavits of surveyor and inspector. 77. Extra work. 78. Delayed payment of assessment. 79. Report as to outstanding contracts. §60. When requisite. All supplies to be furnished or work to be done for the city, whether they are to be paid for out of the city treasury or out of trust moneys under the control of or to be assessed or collected by the city, shall be furnished or performed by contract, except where otherwise provided by law. (C. O., §509.) §61. Contracts of borough presidents. All contracts for work, materials or supplies, relating to any of the matters under the cognizance of the respective borough presidents, shall be made by the borough presidents, and bonds, to be approved as to form by the corporation counsel and as to sufficiency by the comptroller, shall be taken for the faithful performance thereof ; all such contracts shall be executed in triplicate by the said borough presidents, on the part of the city, and by the contractor ; one original copy so executed shall be kept and filed in the office of the borough president, one shall be filed in the office of the comptroller, and the third shall be given to the contractor. (C. O., §84.) 17 CHAP. 2, ART. 2 , SECS. 62-65. §62. Surveys or plans. Whenever, in the opinion of a borough president or other head of a department, bureau or office of the city, a survey or plans shall be necessary for any work duly authorized, or for the purpose of reporting any necessary information, he shall cause such survey or plans to be made by a competent surveyor, architect or engineer, as the nature of the work may require. (C. O., §89; as amended by ord. effective June 20, 1916.) §63. Proposals for estimates. The several departments and officers empowered by law to make contracts on the part of the city shall issue proposals for estimates therefor, and advertise the same, as provided by law. There shall be kept by each department an appropriate box, to be designated “Estimate Box,” with a proper opening in the top thereof to receive estimates for which proposals have been issued. Such box shall be kept locked, except when it may be necessary to open it to examine and decide upon estimates, and the key thereof shall be retained by the head of the department. The head of the depart- ment shall deposit in said box all estimates duly presented to him, for work to be done under the direction of the department, immediately on the receipt thereof by him. (c. o., §510.) §64. Form of proposals. All proposals for estimates shall be in such form as may be prescribed by the department making the same, and shall contain the following particulars : 1. They shall require that the person making the estimate shall deliver it in a sealed envelope, addressed to the head of the appropriate department at his office, or at such place as may be designated in the advertisement, on or before a day and hour therein named, not less than 10 days from the first publication thereof ; 2. They shall state tfie quantity and quality of supplies, or the nature and extent, as near as possible, of the work required ; 3. They shall state that the estimates received will be publicly opened by the head of the department issuing the proposals at his office, or at such place as may be designated in the advertisement, at a day and hour therein mentioned ; 4. They shall state the amount in which security is required for the performance of the contract ; 5. They shall state, briefly, the several matters required by the next section to be contained in, or to accompany the estimates. - (C. O., §511.) §65. Contents of estimates; verification. Each estimate shall contain — 1. The name, residence and place of business of the person making the same; 2. The names of all persons interested with him therein, and if no other person be so interested, it shall distinctly state that fact ; 3. That it is made without any connection with any other person making an estimate for the same purpose, and is in all respects fair, and without collusion or fraud ; 4. That no member of the board of aldermen, head of a department, chief ot a bureau, deputy thereof, or clerk therein, or other officer or employee of the city, is directly or indirectly interested therein, or in the supplies or the work to which it relates, or in any portion of the profits thereof. The estimate shall be verified by the oath, in writing, of the party making it, that the several matters stated therein are in all respects true. (C. O., §§512, 513.) 18 ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS. §66. Opening estimates. The sealed envelope containing the estimate shall be endorsed with the name or names of the person or persons presenting the same, the date of its presentation, and a statement of the work to which it relates, and no estimate shall be taken from the “Estimate Box,” nor shall the sealed envelope thereof be opened by any one, except at the time and in the manner herein designated for deciding on such estimates. At the time and place appointed for that purpose in the proposals, as prescribed in this article, the head of the department, or the president of the board where the same are advertised by a board, or the secretary thereof, or other officer empowered to make the contract, in the presence of the comptroller or his representative, and such of the parties making them as may desire to be present, shall then and there open the estimate box, and the estimates to be examined at that time, as may appear from the endorsements thereon, shall be taken from the box. The head of department or other party hereinbefore authorized shall, then and there, publicly open and read all estimates which he may have received for the contract mentioned in such proposals, and shall reject all estimates not furnished in conformity with the law and the ordinance relating thereto. The award of the contract shall be made accord- ing to law. ’(C. O., §516; Ord. of Sept. 23, 1913.) §67. Samples. When proposals are issued for a contract to furnish any article of which a sample can conveniently be furnished, the head of the department issuing the same may require that such sample be delivered at his office, or at the office of the head of the appropriate bureau in his department, within such time before the opening of the estimates as he may prescribe; and, if it be not so furnished, or does not conform to the quality required by the proposals, the estimate delivered by the person furnishing or omitting to furnish the same, as the case may be, shall be rejected. (C. O., §517.) §68. Payment in installments; security required. In all contracts for work for the city where provision is made for the payment of the contract price by installments, the provision shall be inserted that the contractor shall allow 10 per cent, of the contract price of the work actually lione to remain as security, until the whole work shall be completed according to the contract. (C. O., §518.) §69. Payments on assessment work; security required. Whenever any contract shall be made hereafter by any department or officer of the city, the amount of which is to be afterward collected by assessment from the property benefited by the work to be done under the contract, the head of the department or officer making such contract shall cause to be inserted therein a clause that, as the work progresses, payments will be made to the contractors by monthly installments of 85 per cent, on the estimated value of the work actually done under said contract, and the officer making any such contract shall forthwith file a copy thereof with the comptroller. (C. O., §521; ch. 527, L. 1912.) §70. Protection against accidents. In all contracts for the work for the city upon any public building or in any public street or place, in the performance of which accidents or injuries may happen to the person or property of another, provisions shall be inserted that the contractor shall place proper guards for the prevention of -accidents ; that he shall put up and keep at nights suitable and sufficient lights during the performance of the work, and that he will indemnify the city for damages or costs to which it may be put by reason of injury to person or property of another, resulting from negligence or carelessness in the performance of the work. (C. O., §§519, 215-218.) 19 CHAP. 2 , ART. 2, SECS. 71-73. §71. Snow removal contracts; payment of laborers. In all emergency work performed by laborers in the removal of snow where men are engaged by the hour or the day, either by a contractor employed for the purpose or by the street cleaning department itself, it shall be stipulated that such work shall be paid for daily, directly to those individuals employed on it, in the currency of the United States, and not by check or ticket. Such payments, in each instance, shall be made at the substations of the street cleaning department. Every contractor engaged in the removal of snow shall be required to stipulate with the commissioner of street cleaning, or others empowered to enter into contracts for that purpose, as the case may be, to observe the provisions of this section, a violation of any of which shall be deemed to abrogate any such contract. (C. O., §§418a, 418b.) §72. Enforcement of contracts; bonds. Every contract for supplies or work by the city shall be executed by the con- tractor or contractors to whom the same may be awarded, and shall be accompanied by a bond in the penalties mentioned in the proposals therefor, executed by the persons or company consenting to become bound as sureties, or by such other per- sons or company as shall be substituted therefor with the consent of the head of the department making such contract, conditioned for the faithful performance of the contract and every provision therein contained. The bond shall be accompanied by the oath, in writing, of the person signing the same, that he is a householder or free- holder in the city, and by the oath of the person, or an officer of such company, that he or it is worth the amount of the security vrequired for the completion of the contract and stated in the proposals, as hereinbefore prescribed. The comptroller shall require such sureties to be further examined before himself, or an officer authorized to administer oaths deputed by him, in respect of the items and details of their prop- erty, before approving the adequacy and sufficiency of such sureties. Each depart- ment of the city government and each officer, by whom any contract for work to be done for the city shall be made, shall require and enforce the faithful execution of each contract so made by them; and, in case the contractor or contractors shall fail in any respect to perform the work which he or they have contracted to render or perform, within the time limited for the performance of the same, then the depart- ment or officer having charge of such work shall do and complete the same in the manner provided for in the contract for its performance, and the cost thereof shall De a charge against such delinquent contractor or contractors ; provided, however, that the head of any department or other officer by whom any such contract shall be made, may, on good and sufficient cause, extend for a reasonable time the period fixed for the completion thereof. (C. O., §520.) §73. Payments on contracts. No payments shall be made by the comptroller for work done or supplies furnished, except upon proper vouchers rendered by the head of the appropriate department, or the officer, board or commission for whom such work was done or supplies fur- nished; provided that, in the case of a payroll for labor performed under the super- vision of the borough presidents, the comptroller may draw a warrant for the total amount of such pay-roll in favor of the chamberlain, who shall make the payments therein specified. Such vouchers shall be made out in duplicate, and shall contain the certificate of such subordinate officers as the head of the department may require, in such form and purport as he shall prescribe, and also a certificate of the head of the department. One of the duplicate vouchers shall be retained in the department or office by which the vouchers are rendered, and the other shall be transmitted to the department of finance for payment. No payment shall be made upon any contract beyond the amount thereof. (C. O., §§39, 523, 86, 87.) 20 ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS. §74. Certificate of amount due. Whenever any payment shall become due upon any contract, according to the provisions thereof or in accordance with any of the provisions of this ordinance, the head of the department or officer having the work in charge shall furnish to the person or persons entitled to such payments a certificate, in writing, specifying the contract upon which the payment is due and the amount due thereon. The comptroller, on the presentation to him of such certificate, shall pay the amount thereof and en- dorse such payment upon the contract upon which such payment was made, but final payment on any contract shall not be made until the head of department or officer having charge of the work under the contract shall furnish a certificate, signed by him and filed in the office of the comptroller, that the work mentioned in the con- tract has been completed according to the terms thereof and to the satisfaction of the head of department or officer giving the certificate. (C. O., §§522, 523.) §75. Inspection of contract work. Each borough president shall appoint a competent inspector of contract work under the jurisdiction of his department, in all cases where he may deem the public service requires such inspector. Whenever an assessment shall be levied for any improvement, the amount paid for inspection of any contract work connected there- with shall be assessed and collected with the other expenses of the improvement, except where the inspector’s wages are legally chargeable to the contractor. (C. O., §91.) §76. Affidavits of surveyor and inspector. Each and every contractor shall be required to obtain an affidavit from the sur- veyor, setting forth the amount of work done, of every description, that may be charged in each bill or assessment list of said contract, and said affidavit shall be attached to the assessment list. The inspector shall also furnish an affidavit, to be attached to each contract, setting forth that the work has been done according to the plans and specifications ; said affidavit to be attached to each assessment list before presented for confirmation. (C. O., §525.) §77. Extra work. (Repealed by ord. effective July 7, 1916.) §78. Delayed payment of assessment. In all cases of delinquency in the payment of any assessment for work done under a contract made by any contractor with the city, respecting any street or road or respecting the building of wharves, piers, slips and sewers, on the final settlement with every such contractor, there shall be allowed and paid to him all interest which shall have been collected on his account or contract, first deducting the collector’s commission. (C. O., §526.) §79. Report as to outstanding contracts. The comptroller shall report to the board of aldermen, within 30 days after its organization in each year, a statement of all contracts made by the city, or directed or authorized by the board and not performed, or completed or upon which any moneys remain unpaid ; with the amount of money remaining unpaid on each such contract. (C. O., §25.) ARTICLE 3. Real Estate. Section 100. 101 . 102 . 103. 104. 105. City real estate to be supervised by the comptroller. Deeds, leases, etc., to the city ; comptroller is custodian. Leases or other conveyances by the city. Assignment of leases and subletting by city. Execution of deeds by city. Quit-rents. 21 CHAP. 2, ART. 2 , SECS. 100-105. §100. City real estate to be supervised by the comptroller. The comptroller shall superintend all real estate of the city and report to the board of aldermen all encroachments thereon. He shall direct and superintend the collection of all rents or other moneys due the city. (C. O., §§21, 24.) §101. Deeds, leases, etc., to the city; comptroller is custodian. The comptroller shall keep on file in his office all title deeds, leases, bonds, mort- gages or other assurances of title, except such as are directed by law or ordinance to be deposited elsewhere. He shall cause all grants, leases and counterparts of leases, and all deeds executed by the city, to be recorded in proper books to be kept in his office. (C. O, §§22, 23.) §102. Leases or other conveyances by the city. Whenever any real estate belonging to the city is unproductive, or the term for which it may have been leased or let shall have expired or be about expiring, the head of the department, bureau, board or office having jurisdiction over such real estate shall forthwith turn over the same to the board of sinking fund commissioners and advise the comptroller thereof. The comptroller shall report to the board whether or not, in his judgment, it will be to the public interest to lease or otherwise dispose of such property. The comptroller, under the sanction of the board, shall appoint appraisers upon behalf of the city to settle the rent or renewal of any lease, or the value of the building, to be paid for on the expiration of any lease in which the city is or shall be interested, whenever by the provisions of such lease the appoint- ment of appraisers is required. All leases authorized by the board shall be executed by the comptroller and the city clerk, under their hands and the seal of the city. (C. O., §§46, 42; as amended by ord. effective June 20, 1916.) §103. Assignment of leases and subletting by city. The comptroller may consent, in the name and on behalf of the city, that the lessee or assignee of a lease made by the city shall assign the same or underlet the demised premises, whether or not provision is made by the lease that it shall not be assigned or the premises underlet without the consent of the city; but he shall not so consent unless all arrears of rents upon the premises be paid in full. (C. O., §28.) §104. Execution of deeds by city. Whenever any real estate shall have been sold pursuant to the preceding sections of this article, the board of commissioners of the sinking fund, or a majority of them, shall give a certificate, under their hands, that the same has been sold pursuant to the provisions of this article, and upon the production of such certificate and the evidence that the proceeds of such sale have been paid into the treasury to the credit of the sinking fund for the redemption of the city debt, or such other appropriate fund as provided by the charter, the mayor and the city clerk shall execute proper conveyances of such real estate under their hands and the seal of the city. Whenever any real estate of the city shall have been sold pursuant to any provision of the char- ter or any ordinance, the mayor and the city clerk shall execute proper conveyances of such real estate, under their hands and the seal of the city. (C. O., §76.) §105. Quit=rents. The comptroller shall preserve in a book to be kept in his office for that purpose, to be called the record of quit-rents, maps of all grants of land heretofore made by the former Corporation of The City of New York, on which quit-rents are payable, showing the original grants and subdivisions of the same as near as they can be ascer- tained. He may receive the sums proportionately due from each owner in payment of the portion of the moneys payable under the original grant, as the same shall from time to time become payable. He shall, on receiving written notice from the grantee 22 ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS. of the said former corporation, or his assignee, of the sale of any portion of land subject to quit-rent, enter in the record of quit-rents the name of the purchaser, with the date of the sale and the portion of the land sold. He may thereafter receive the sum proportionately due from such purchaser, in payment of his portion of the moneys payable under the original grant, as the same shall, from time to time become payable, and he may receive from the owner of the lot or parcel mentioned in the notice, or his legal representative, the sum proportionately due from him in payment of his proportion of the moneys payable under the original grant. When land here- tofore granted by the said former corporation subject to a quit-rent, portions of which have been assigned by the grantee, shall be re-entered by the city for non-payment of the quit-rent, the comptroller may grant releases in severalty to such of the assignees of portions of the land granted as shall, within 6 months from the re-entry, pay their respective apportionments of commutation money and the expenses of re-entry and conveyance, with such portions of the rent as may be justly due from the respective assignees for the land held by them, as the same shall be apportioned by the comp- troller. Whenever any person shall desire to commute any quit-rent due the city, the comptroller shall calculate such commutation at the rate of 6 per cent, and, upon the production of evidence that the same and all arrears of rent have been paid into the treasury of the city, to the credit of the board of commissioners of the sinking fund, the mayor and city clerk shall execute a release of such quit-rent. (C. O., §§30, 31, 33-35, 45.) ARTICLE 4. The Mayor. Section 130. Apprehension of criminals. §130. Apprehension of criminals. The mayor may, whenever he shall deem it necessary, issue his proclamation for the apprehension of any person who may have committed a crime within the city, and may, in such proclamation, offer a reward not exceeding $500, to be paid out of the city treasury upon the certificate of the mayor that the service required has been performed. (C. O., §1.) ARTICLE 5. The President of the Board of Aldermen. Section 150. ARTICLE 6. The Comptroller. Section 170. Custodian of evidences of debt, contracts, bonds and stock certifi- cates. 171. Collection of rents and other debts. §170. Custodian of evidences of debt, contracts, bonds and stock certificates. The comptroller shall keep and file in his office all evidence of debt, contracts, bonds of indemnity, official bonds, and all certificates of stock belonging to the sink- ing funds, except such as are directed by law or ordinance to be deposited elsewhere. (C. O., §22.) §171. Collection of rents and other debts. The comptroller shall direct legal proceedings to be taken when necessary to en- force payment of rents or other debts due to the corporation, or to obtain possession of premises to which the corporation is entitled. (C. O., §42.) 23 CHAP. 2, ART. 7, SECS. 200-204. ARTICLE 7. The Borough Presidents. Section 200. 201 . 202 . 203. 204. Expenditures for borough. Incumbrances and contingencies ; accounts for. Receipts to be recorded and accounted for. Permits. Reports to the board of aldermen. §200. Expenditures for borough. Each borough president shall control and direct all expenditures to be made by his department, and shall countersign and draw his requisition upon the comptroller for the payment of all bills and accounts therefor which, in his judgment, are correct and which may be duly certified by the chief of the bureau, division or office under whose supervision the expenditure was incurred. No requisition shall be drawn by any borough president for the payment of any bill or account until the same shall have been duly certified as aforesaid, except that bills and accounts for expenditures for the removal of incumbrances, or for the other expenditures authorized by ordinance but not under the immediate supervision of any department, shall be certified by the borough president. (C. O., §90.) §201. Incumbrances and contingencies; accounts for. Each borough president shall keep separate accounts with the two appropriations, one for the removal of incumbrances, and the other for the contingencies of his de- partment, and drafts thereon shall be made upon the comptroller, who shall charge each appropriation with the respective drafts and draw his warrant in each case in favor of the borough president for the amount thereof. (C. O., §95.) §202. Receipts to be recorded and accounted for. Each borough president shall cause to be entered in books to be provided for that purpose and kept in his office, open at all convenient times to public inspection, the names of all persons from whom he may receive money for the city, on trust account or otherwise; with the amounts received, on what account, and when paid. He shall render a certified account thereof, under oath, item by item, to the comptroller, on Thursday of each week, and shall thereupon pay over the amount so received to the chamberlain, from whom he shall receive duplicate vouchers for the payment, one of which he shall, on the same day, file in the office of the comptroller. (C. O., §93.) §203. Permits. In all cases where provision is made by law or ordinance that the consent of a borough president shall be obtained to authorize any act to be done, he may grant a permit therefor, subject to the restrictions of all statutes and ordinances in relation thereto, and, upon granting any such permit, he may exact such cash deposit or bond, or both, as he may deem necessary to safeguard the interests of the city. (C. O., §92; amended by ord. approved Feb. 9, 1915.) §204. Report to board of aldermen. The respective borough presidents shall, when required by the board of aldermen, inquire into and report upon any of the matters within their cognizance, and shall, from time to time, communicate to the board any information or suggestion that they may deem important in relation thereto. (C. O., §88.) 24 ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS. ARTICLE 8. The Corporation Counsel. Section 220. Register of actions. 221. Legislative bills, ordinances. 222. Books and papers to be delivered to his successor. §220. Register of actions. The corporation counsel shall keep in proper books, to be provided for that pur- pose, a register of all actions prosecuted or defended by him, and all proceedings had therein. (C. O., §12.) §221. Legislative bills, ordinances. The corporation counsel shall prepare the draft of any bill to be presented by the city to the legislature for enactment, with a proper memorial for the passage thereof, and shall draw such ordinances as may be required by the board of aldermen or any committee thereof. (C. O., §§88, 9.) §222. Books and papers to be delivered to his successor. Upon his resignation or removal, the corporation counsel shall forthwith deliver to his successor in office all deeds, leases, contracts, and other papers in his hands belonging to the city, and all papers in actions prosecuted or defended by him, with the register thereof and of the proceedings therein, and a written consent to the sub- stitution of his successor in each pending action. (C. O., §13.) ARTICLE 9. City Marshals. Section 230. City marshals; badges. 231. Impersonating marshals; unauthorized signs. 232. Violations. §230. City marshals; badges. The mayor is hereby authorized to prescribe the style, form and size of a badge to be known and designated as the city marshal’s official badge, a description of which he shall file in the office of the city clerk. Each city marshal shall provide himself at his own expense, with one of such badges, and shall wear the same at all times while engaged in the discharge of his duties. At all times, every city marshal shall display his badge, upon demand. Upon cessation from duty as or upon the expiration of the term of a city marshal, he shall forthwith surrender his official badge to the city clerk who is hereby authorized to refund the sum originally charged therefor. (C. O., §§567-569; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) §231. Impersonating marshals; unauthorized signs. No person, not a marshal of the city, shall hold himself out to the public as being a marshal, or as being in any way authorized to act as a marshal or to perform the duties of a marshal. No person, not a marshal, shall exhibit any sign with the words “ marshal’s bureau ” thereon, or any other words or terms whereby the public may be led to believe that he is a city marshal or authorized to act as such, or that his office is the office of a city marshal. No city marshal shall knowingly permit any person, not a city marshal, to perform any act in his name, or to sign or use his name in the performance of any act which can be performed only by a city marshal in person. (Charter, §1430.) 25 CHAP. 2, ARTS. 10, 11, SECS. 240-250. §232. Violations. Any person violating any of the provisions of this article shall be punishable by imprisonment for a term not exceeding 30 days or by a fine not exceeding $200, for each offense. (Charter, §1430.) ^ARTICLE 10. City Surveyors. Section 240. Board of examiners. 241. Appointment of surveyors. §240. Board of examiners. 1. Organization. There is hereby constituted a board to be known as the exam- ining board of city surveyors, which shall consist of the chief engineer of the board of estimate, ex-officio, of 2 engineers appointed by the board of aldermen from the consulting or topographical engineers in the regular employ of the city and of 2 city surveyors, who shall be appointed by the board of aldermen. The terms of office of the first examiners so appointed, except the chief engineer of the board of estimate, shall be 1, 2, 3, and 4 years, respectively, as designated by the board of aldermen, and until their successors are appointed; and as their terms respectively expire their successors shall be appointed for a full term of 4 years, which shall thereafter be the full and regular term of office of said examiners. 2. Powers and duties. The examining board of city surveyors shall have the power and it shall be their duty : (a.) To meet at stated intervals, and specially when the board of aldermen shall in writing request them so to do ; ( b .) To examine all persons who may desire to be appointed surveyors of the city by tests, which will determine their competency and fitness, and who shall present a receipt from the city clerk showing that the examining fee, as hereinafter provided, has been paid ; (c.) To certify to the board of aldermen, within 10 days after an examination has been held a list in the order of standing of all those applicants who have qualified in such examination. 3. Examination fee. No person shall be examined as hereinbefore provided until an examining fee of $5 shall have been paid to the city clerk, who is hereby author- ized and directed to receive the same and to issue a receipt therefor, and the fee so collected shall be paid by the city clerk into the treasury of the city. §241. Appointment of surveyors. There shall be so many surveyors for the city as the board of aldermen shall from time to time appoint; but hereafter no appointment shall be made except from a list certified to the board of aldermen by the examining board of city surveyors, as hereinbefore provided. Each city surveyor, before entering upon the duties of his office, shall take an oath well and truly to perform the same. ARTICLE 11. Public Administrator. Section 250. Reports. 251. Bank accounts, supervision of comptroller. 252. Distribution of decedents’ assets. §250. Reports. The public administrator of the county of New York shall, on the 20th day of December, in each year, report to the board of aldermen the titles of all actions •Revised by ord. effective May 15, 1915. 26 ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS. prosecuted by or against him, and then pending and undetermined, with such other information in respect thereto as he may deem necessary or proper. He shall report to the comptroller on the first Thursday of each month, and oftener if required, the amount of moneys received by him since his last return on account of any estate upon which he shall have administered. He shall, at the same time, report to the board of aldermen a transcript of such tff his accounts as have been closed or finally settled, and of those on which any money has been received by him as part of the proceeds of any estate on which he has administered; he shall deposit all moneys by him collected and received, as required by law, in such bank as the corporation counsel shall select from the designated depositories of the city’s moneys. (C. O., §§15-17.) §251. Bank accounts, supervision of comptroller. The public administrator of the county of New York, shall, whenever required, exhibit to the comptroller the bank showing his deposits, and all other vouchers and documents relating to his office. The comptroller, before signing any check for money deposited, shall examine the bank book showing the deposits, and the vouchers on which the check is required to be drawn, and shall satisfy himself fully as to the correctness thereof and, in case of doubt or difficulty, he shall report the case to the board of aldermen for its direction. (C. O., §§18, 19.) §252. Distribution of decedent’s assets. The comptroller may distribute and pay any balance of an intestate’s estate re- maining in the city treasury to the persons legally entitled thereto, whenever he and the public administrator of the county of New York shall be satisfied that the person claiming the same is legally entitled thereto ; but, if they be not satisfied thereof, they shall report the case to the board of aldermen for its direction. (C. O., §20.) ARTICLE 12. Public Employment Bureau. Section 260. Organization and purpose. 261. Records. 262. Co-operation with kindred agencies. §260. Organization and purpose. There shall be a public employment bureau in and for the city, attached to the department of licenses, with the principal office in the borough of Manhattan, and a branch office in such other boroughs as may be deemed necessary and designated by the commissioner of licenses, for the purpose of aiding unemployed persons in secur- ing employment and employers of labor in securing employees; but no fee shall be charged by the bureau, or any officer or employee thereof, for such purpose. The employees of the bureau shall consist of such assistants and clerks as may be found necessary for properly carrying on its work, and they shall be appointed and removed by the commissioner of licenses in accordance with the rules and regulations of the municipal civil service commission. (Ord. approved May 5, 1914.) §261. Records. There shall be kept in the principal office of the bureau, and in each and every branch office thereof, such system of records as may be necessary properly to record and classify, according to trade or profession, (1) all applicants for positions; (2) all positions to be filled as reported to said bureau; (3) all persons sent to those seeking employees; (4) all such persons who secure employment, and (5) such other records as the commissioner may deem necessary. A report of the transactions of each branch office shall be transmitted daily to the principal office of the bureau. (Ord. approved May 5, 1914.) 27 CHAP. 2 , ARTS. 13, 14, SECS. 265-270. §262. Co-operation with kindred agencies. The bureau shall, in so far as it may be feasible, co-operate with such employment bureaus or intelligence offices as now exist, or which may hereafter be established and conducted by the United States or the State of New York. (Ord. approved May 5, 1914.) ARTICLE 13. Taxes and Assessments. Section 265. Fees for searches. 266. Apportionment of taxes. §265. Fees for searches. The following fees shall be paid to and collected by the collector of assessments and arrears, for the benefit of the city treasury, on his furnishing a bill of arrears or making searches upon a requisition for searches, on each lot or piece of property mentioned or referred to therein, namely: a. In respect of water rents, 50 cents. b. In respect of taxes, 50 cents ; c. In respect of assessments, 50 cents ; d. For his certificate upon any such bill or search, when requested, 10 cents. (C. O., §77.) §266. Apportionment of taxes. When several lots or parcels of land belonging to different persons are assessed for taxes in one parcel, the comptroller may make the proper apportionment of the tax among the different owners. (C. O., §29.) ARTICLE 14. Miscellaneous Regulations. Section 270. Bonds of city officers. §270. Bonds of city officers. Before entering upon the duties of his office : 1. The comptroller shall give a bond to the city, conditioned upon the faithful performance of the duties of his office, in the penal sum of $200,000, with a surety company or 2 or more sufficient sureties to justify in double the amount under oath before a judge of the supreme court, on notice to the corporation counsel, whereupon the same shall be immediately filed with the city clerk by the comptroller; (C. O., §477.) 2. The chamberlain shall give a bond to the people of the State of New York in the sum of $300,000, within 10 days after receiving notice of his appointment, with not less than 4 sufficient sureties, to be approved by the comptroller, conditioned that he will faithfully discharge the duties of his office and all trusts imposed on him by law; (Charter, §194.) 3. Each of the following officers or employees shall execute a bond to the city, conditioned for the faithful performance of the duties of his office, with one or more sureties, to be approved by the comptroller, except in the cases of the receiver of taxes and the collector of assessments, whose bonds shall be approved by the chamberlain, in the penal sum as follows : Each deputy comptroller $10,000 00 (C. O., §478) Receiver of taxes 25,000 00 (Charter. §152) Collector of assessments and arrears 25,000 00 (Charter, §152) 28 ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS. Collector of city revenue and superintendent of markets Each deputy collector of city revenue Clerk to the collector of city revenue and superin- tendent of markets City clerk City clerk’s cashier Deputy city clerk, borough of The Bronx borough of Brooklyn borough of Queens borough of Richmond Commissioner of weights and measures Chief clerk, bureau of weights and measures Corporation counsel Fire commissioner (as treasurer of fire department) Police commissioner (as trustee of police pension fund) Supervisor of the City Record Deputy supervisor of the City Record Each commissioner of public works Water register (Amended by ord. effective Sept. 18, 1917.) 15.000 00 (C. O., §845) 2.000 00 (C. O., §486) 5.000 00 (C. O., §487) 20.000 00 (Ord., Jan. 15, 1915) 3.000 00 (Ord., Jan. 15, 1915) 1.000 00 (Ord., Jan. 15, 1915) 5.000 00 (Ord., Jan. 15, 1915) 1.000 00 (Ord., Jan. 15, 1915) 1.000 00 (Ord., Jan. 15, 1915) 2.000 00 (C. O., §382) 1.000 00 5,000 00 (C. O., §480) 20.000 00 (Charter, §723) 100,000 00 (Charter, §351) 5,000 00 (C. O., §481) c 000 00 (C. O., §481) 10.000 00 (C. a, §482) * T5.000 00 (C. a, §483) CHAPTER 3. AMUSEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS. Article 1. General provisions. 2. Motion-picture exhibitions. 3. Common shows. ARTICLE 1. General Provisions. Section 1. Exhibitions and performances to be licensed. 2. Issue of licenses, fee. 3. Commutation of license fee. 3a. Admission tickets and charge therefor. 4. Revocation of license. 5. Unlicensed performances and exhibitions. 6. Preceding sections not applicable to certain performances. 6a. Charity entertainments. 7. Exits, to be numbered and indicated on programmes. 8. Protection against fire or panic. 9. Obstruction of aisles and passageways. 10. Sunday observance. 10a. Baseball games on Sunday. 11. Sale of liquors; female waiters. 11a. Sale of tickets by ticket offices; issue of licenses; fee; revocation; penalties. 12. Ticket speculators. 13. Violations. §1. Exhibitions and performances to be licensed. No person shall exhibit to the public in any building, garden or grounds, concert room or other place or room within the city, any interlude, tragedy, comedy, opera, ballet, play, farce, minstrelsy or dancing, or any other entertainment of the stage, or any part or parts thereof or any equestrian, circus or dramatic performance, or any performance of jugglers, or rope dancing, or acrobats, until a license for the place of such exhibition for such purpose shall have been first had and obtained, as herein- after provided. (Charter, §1472.) §2. Issue of licenses, fee. The commissioner of licenses is hereby authorized and empowered to grant and issue the license referred to in the preceding section, to continue in force until the first day of May next ensuing the grant thereof, on receiving for each license so granted, and before the issuing thereof, the sum of $500 ; provided that in the borough of Richmond such license fee shall be $100. Such licenses shall be uniform and may, in the discretion of the commissioner, contain provisions and conditions which, in his judgment, may be essential for the welfare and benefit of the people of and visitors to the city, including provisions and conditions respecting the tickets or other tokens entitling their holders to admission to such places, and respecting the hours of opening and closing thereof. (Charter, §1473.) §3. Commutation of license fee. The commissioner of licenses is hereby authorized to grant licenses for exhibitions or performances, as provided in §§1 and 2 of this article, for any term less than 1 year, and, in any case where such license is for a term of 3 months, or less, he is 30 AMUSEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS. hereby authorized to commute the fee therefor for a sum less than $500, but in no case less than $250, for a theatre, or $150 for a circus, concert-room or other building or place whatsoever; provided that in the borough of Richmond such commutation of license fee shall be $50. (Ord. of Feb. 14, 1911.) §3a. Admission tickets and charge therefor. The right of admission to any exhibition or performance conducted by a licensee under a license, issued by the Commissioner of Licenses pursuant to the preceding sections of this article, shall be evidenced by a ticket, card or other token on the face of which shall be conspicuously printed the regular or established price or charge therefor ; and if such licensee, or any officer or employee thereof, shall, for the sale of such a ticket, card or token, directly or indirectly, exact, accept or receive any greater amount than the sum of the regular or established price or charge therefor printed on the face thereof, plus the amount of any tax imposed by the Government of the United States upon such ticket, card or token or the right of admission thereunder, the license of such licensee may be revoked and annulled in the manner provided by this article; and such licensee, or such officer or employee, who shall so exact, accept or receive any of such greater amount shall be liable to the punishment prescribed by section 13 of this article. (Added by ord. appd. December 28, 1918.) §4. Revocation of license. Any license provided for by the preceding sections may be revoked and annulled by any judge or justice of a court of record, upon proof of a violation of any provi- sion of this article. The proof shall be taken before such judge or justice upon notice, of not less than 2 days, to show cause why such license should not be revoked. He shall hear the proofs and allegations in the case and determine the same summarily, and no appeal shall be taken from his determination. Any person whose license shall have been revoked or annulled shall not thereafter be entitled to a license under any provisions of this chapter. On any examination, pursuant to a notice to show cause as aforesaid, the licensee may be a witness in his own behalf. (Charter, §1476.) §5. Unlicensed performances and exhibitions. In case any person shall open or advertise to open any theatre, circus or 'building, garden or ground, concert room or other place, for any exhibition or performance re- ferred to in §1 of this article without first having obtained a license therefor, as provided for by §§2 or 3 of this article, the corporation counsel may apply to the supreme court, or any justice thereof, for an injunction to restrain the opening thereof until its proprietor shall have complied with the requirements of those sec- tions, and also with such order as to costs as the court or justice may deem just and proper to make, which injunction may be allowed upon a complaint in the name of the city, in the same manner as injunctions are now usually allowed by the practice of said court. Any injunction allowed under this section may be served by posting the same upon the outer door of the theatre or circus or building wherein such exhibition may be proposed to be held ; or, if the same shall be in a garden or grounds, then by posting the same at or on or near the entrance way to any such place of exhibition. In case of any proceeding against the manager or proprietor of any such theatre, circus or building, or garden or grounds, as aforesaid, it shall not be necessary to prove the personal service of the injunction, but the service hereinbefore provided shall be deemed and held sufficient. (Charter, §1479.) §6. Preceding sections not applicable to certain performances. The provisions and requirements of the preceding sections of this article shall not be held to apply to any building, hall, room or rooms, in which only private theatricals, tableaux and other exhibitions for charitable and religious purposes are given, nor to the manager of exhibitions given by amateurs for the benefit of any church, mission, 31 CHAP. 3, ART. 1, SECS. 6-a, 7. parish or Sunday school, or for any other charitable or religious purpose nor shall the same be held to apply to any masonic temple ; nor to the trustees of any masonic hall and asylum fund, so long as the revenues of said temple shall continue to be applied to the use of the masonic hall and asylum, or other charitable purpose; nor to the Educational Alliance, nor to the directors or officers thereof, as such, with respect to any building which shall in whole or in part be owned or leased by said Alliance, while so owned or leased, or so long as the revenue thereof shall continue to be applied to the support of the Alliance and to the religious, charitable, social, educational or literary purposes thereof, nor to performances held under the auspices of Com- munity Councils, provided the revenue thereof shall be applied to the support of Com- munity Councils, and the social, educational and literary purposes thereof. (Charter, §1480, Amd. by ord. effective July 20, 1920.) §6=a. Charity entertainments. 1. Definition, (a) “Manager of a charity entertainment.” Wherever used in this section the term “manager of a charity entertainment” shall be deemed to mean a person who undertakes or assists in the management of any theatrical perform- ance, concert, lecture, ball, athletic exhibition or other entertainment, publicly adver- tised as for charity, or for the benefit of any person, association or institution, except for the benefit of a subordinate lodge or branch of duly constituted or incor- porated fraternities or kindred societies, and incorporated religious institutions, where an admission fee is charged or a collection taken up. 2. License, bond and fee. No manager of a charity entertainment, not having been connected, for a period of at least 3 months immediately preceding the under- taking, with the regularly incorporated charity or charities, for the benefit of which the entertainment is held, shall advertise any charity entertainment, or receive money from the promotion of same, without a license therefor, and without having given bond to the city with sufficient surety, to be approved by the commissioner of licenses, in the penal sum which shall be fixed by such commissioner conditioned for the due observance of the provisions of law or ordinance relating to such entertainments. The license fee of each manager of any theatrical performance, concert, lecture, ball or other entertainment, or any consecutive series of such entertainments, shall be $1.00. 3. Estimate of expenses. Every manager of a charity entertainment shall file with the bureau of licenses, with the application for such, a statement of estimated expenses, with the percentage of the gross proceeds or fixed amounts to be retained by the managers, or other conditions of employment. Every manager of a charity entertainment shall also publish a statement of the sum total of the estimated ex- penses of any entertainment or series of entertainments, or a statement of the per- centage of the gross proceeds to be devoted to the charitable object or objects, or both, which shall appear in a conspicuous place on any advertisement, posters, pro- grams, invitations, letters of credential or appeal, and on the license. 4. Records of receipts and expenditures. Every manager of a charity enter- tainment shall keep records of every such entertainment, in which shall be legibly written a list of all the receipts and expenditures, including the accruals, and this list shall be open at all reasonable times to the inspection of the commissioner of licenses, and shall be filed in the Bureau of Licenses within 10 days after such enter- tainment, or series of entertainments has taken place as a public record. Sec. 2. Any violation of the provisions of this section shall be punishable by a fine of $250 or by imprisonment for a term of 6 months, or by both such fine and imprisonment. (Ord. approved Dec. 3, 1917.) §7. Exits, to be numbered and indicated on programmes. The owner, lessee, manager, or other person having charge or control of any theatre shall cause each and every door and means of exit, for use in case of fire or 32 AMUSEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS. panic, to be numbered conspicuously, so as to be visible to the audience by whom the same may be used, and shall have or cause to be printed in conspicuous type, on the programme or bill of the play, a plan or diagram and explanation showing each of said exits, thereon and referring- to the numbers aforesaid. (Charter, §1487.) §8. Protection against fire or panic. The fire commissioner may detail, not to exceed 2 members of the uniformed force of the fire department, to each and every place of amusement where machinery or scenery are in use, while such place is open to the public. Their duty shall be to guard against fire, to take charge and control of the means provided for its extinguish- ment, and control and direct the employees of the place to which they may be detailed in the extinction of any fire which may occur therein. A member of -the uniformed force on such detail shall inspect every portion of the building to which he may be detailed, during each public performance therein, for the purpose of guarding and protecting the occupants from fire or panic. In all places of public amusement or entertainment, not included in the foregoing provisions of this section, except in fire- proof buildings, there shall be employed by the owner or proprietor thereof one or more watchmen, whose exclusive duty it shall be to protect and guard the inmates of such buildings from fire and other sources of danger. (Ord. effective January 1, 1912.) §9. Obstruction of aisles and passageways. Whenever any member of the uniformed force of the fire department shall dis- cover in any inside aisle or passageway in any such place of amusement, any camp stool, chair, sofa, or other obstruction, or any person standing or sitting therein, during any public performance, he shall forthwith notify the proprietor or manager of such place of amusement, or any usher, agent or other employee of such proprietor or manager then present, to cause the obstruction to be forthwith removed, or to cause the person standing or sitting in such aisle or passageway to forthwith vacate the same, except as hereinafter provided. If such manager, proprietor, usher, agent, or employee shall cause or permit any camp stool, chair, sofa, or other obstruction to be placed or remain in any aisle or passageway in any such place of amusement, or shall cause, or permit any person to stand or sit therein, during any public performance, or, having been so notified, shall neglect or refuse to cause such obstruction to be forthwith removed, or such person to forthwith vacate the aisle or passageway, they shall each severally be deemed to have violated the provisions and requirements of this section ; provided, however, that where there is a passageway in the rear of the seats in such place of amusement, more than 6 feet in depth, it shall be lawful to permit persons to stand therein, as follows : a. Standing in passageways. If the passageway is more than 6 feet and less than 16 feet deep, persons may stand therein, provided an unobstructed passageway of at least 6 feet in depth is left open, and there are no more than 4 rows of persons stand- ing; if the passageway is more than 16 feet deep, any number of persons or rows of persons may stand therein, provided that an unobstructed passageway of at least 10 feet in depth is left open; and in places of amusement having a passageway in the rear of the seats, 6 feet or less, in depth, but having in addition an outer passageway in the rear thereof, to which all aisle heads have straight and direct access, 2 rows of persons may be permitted to stand in such passageway in the rear of such seats, but under no circumstances more than 2 such rows ; b. Standing in balconies. In balconies or galleries, only 1 row of persons shall be permitted to stand; c. Standing room xo be indicated. The space to be occupied by said standees shall be separated from the space to be left clear for passage, by tape, ribbon or other easily broken material, supported by light posts fixed in stationary sockets and not less than 3 nor more than 4 feet from the floor; all to be so constructed and placed as to be no obstruction in case of panic or emergency; 33 CHAP. 3 , ART. 1, SECS. 10-11. d. Standing in aisles. But in no event, under any circumstances, shall any person be allowed to stand in or at the head of any aisle. (Ord. effective Jan. 1, 1912.) §10. Sunday observance. No person shall exhibit on the first day of the week, commonly called Sunday, to the public, in any building, garden, grounds, concert room or other room or place within the city, the performance of any tragedy, comedy, opera ballet, farce, negro minstrelsy, negro or other dancing, wrestling, boxing, with or without gloves, spar- ring contest, trial of strength, or any part or parts thereof, nor any circus, equestrian or dramatic performance or exercise, nor any performance or exercise of jugglers, acrobats, club performances or rope dancers; but nothing herein contained shall be deemed to prohibit at any such place or places on the first day of the week, commonly called Sunday, sacred or educational, vocal or instrumental concerts, lectures, ad- dresses, recitations and singing, provided that such above mentioned entertainments shall be so given as not to disturb the public peace or amount to a serious interrup- tion of the repose and religious liberty of the community. Any person wilfully offend- ing against the provisions of this section, and every person knowingly aiding in such exhibitions, except as herein provided, by advertisements or otherwise, and every owner or lessee of any building, part of a building, grounds, garden or concert room, or other room or place, who shall lease or let out the same for the purpose of any such exhibi- tion or performance, except as herein provided, or assent that the same be used for any such purpose, shall be subject to a penalty of $500, which penalty the corporation coun- sel is hereby authorized to prosecute, sue for and recover; and, on the recovery of a judgment for the penalty herein provided, against any manager, proprietor, owner or lessee, consenting to or causing or allowing, or letting any part of the building for the purpose of any exhibition or performance, prohibited by this section, the license which shall have been previously obtained by such manager, proprietor, owner or lessee shall be of itself vacated and annulled. (C. O., §570.) §10a. Baseball games on Sunday. It shall be lawful to play baseball games, to which an admission fee may or may not be charged, on the first day of the week, commonly called Sunday, after two o’clock in the afternoon, provided, however, that where prices are charged for wit- nessing baseball games they shall not exceed those charged for similar games on other days of the week. (Added by ord. appd. May 1, 1919.) §11. Sale of liquors; female waiters. No wine, beer or strong or spirituous liquors shall be sold or furnished to any person in the auditorium or lobbies of any place of exhibition or performance men- tioned in §1 of this title, nor any apartment connected therewith by any door, window, or other aperture, except that the commissioner of licenses may, in his dis- cretion, and subject to such regulations and restrictions as he may determine, permit the same to be sold or furnished while concerts, consisting of vocal or instrumental music only, are being given in a place duly licensed by him as herein provided. Such permission shall only be operative so long as it shall be lawful under the laws of this state to sell or furnish wine, beer or stronger spirituous liquors at such place, and may be revoked at any time by the commissioner. No person shall employ or furnish or permit or assent to the employment or attendance of any female to wait on, or attend in any manner, or furnish refreshments to the audience or spectators, or any of them, at any of the exhibitions or performances mentioned in said section, or at any other place of public amusement in the city. The provisions of this section shall not be construed to interfere with the right of any incorporated or other society, organized and maintained for the cultivation of vocal or instrumental music, to exercise and practice the same in good faith for them- 34 AMUSEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS. selves only, and not for the observation and entertainment of the public; nor shall the use or occupation by any such society, for the purposes aforesaid, of any hall or room, connected with any place wherein, by the laws of this state, it is lawful to sell wine, beer, or strong or spirituous liquors, be construed to make such hall or room a place of public amusement, within the provisions of this act. No license shall be granted for any exhibition or performance given in violation of this section, and any and every exhibition or performance, at which any of the provisions of this section shall be vio- lated, shall of itself vacate, annul and render void and of no effect any license which shall have been previously obtained by any manager, proprietor, owner or lessee consenting to, causing, allowing or letting any part of a building for the purpose of such exhibition and performance. (Charter, §§1483, 1484.) §lla. Sale of tickets by ticket offices; issue of licenses; fee; revocation; penaN ties. No person shall engage in the business of selling the tickets, cards or other tokens evidencing the right of admission to exhibitions or performances conducted by licensees under licenses issued by the commissioner of licenses pursuant to the preceding sections of this article ; or shall open or conduct an office, agency or other place by whatever name known at which such tickets are sold or offered for sale, unless a license shall have been issued to such person by the commissioner of licenses upon the payment of the fee herein prescribed. Every license shall expire on the first day of May next ensuing the grant thereof. The fee for such a license shall be $250. A licensee under this section, or any officer or employee thereof, shall not directly or indirectly exact, accept or receive for any ticket or other token of admission to an exhibition or performance conducted by a licensee under the preceding sections of this article any greater amount than 50 cents in excess of the sum of the regular or established price or charge therefor printed on the face of such ticket, plus the amount of any tax imposed by the Government of the United States upon such ticket or the right of admission thereunder. The license of any licensee under this section may be revoked and annulled in the manner provided by section 4 of this article, for any violation of this section. Any person who shall engage in any business or conduct an office, agency or other place, for which a license is required by this section, without procuring such license, shall, upon conviction thereof, be liable to the punishment prescribed by section 13 of this article. This section shall not be deemed to require a licensee under sections one and two of this article to obtain an additional license for the sale by him of tickets of admission to a licensed exhibition or per- formance conducted by him. (Added by ord. appd. Dec. 28, 1918.) §12. Ticket speculators. No person shall conduct on or in any street in the city, the business of selling or offering for sale any ticket of admission, or any other evidence of any license, contract or right of entry to any performance or exhibition, in cr about the premises of any duly licensed theatre, concert hall, place of public amusement, circus, common show, or any place of public amusement for which a license is not required by law ; nor shall any person solicit, by words, signs, circulars or other means, any person to purchase any such ticket upon any street. No person shall sell, or offer for sale, on or in any street in the city, or in any building in the city, tickets of admission to any stand or stands erected under the auspices of the municipal or state authorities for the purpose of accommodating spectators of any parade or parades in the streets or thoroughfares of the city of New York, or for any public ceremony, attraction or banquet to be held in any theatre or other building in the City of New York. Any person who shall violate any provision of this section, shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished as provided in §10 of chapter 27 of this ordinance. (Ord. approved Feb. 16, 1911; and by ord. appd. Dec. 28, 1918; further amd. by ord. appd. March 10, 1919.) 35 I CHAP. 3 , ART. 2 , SECS'. 30-32. §13. Violations. Except as otherwise specifically provided therein, any person who shall violate or refuse or neglect to comply with, any provision of this article, shall upon con- viction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $500, or by imprisonment for not more than 6 months or by both such fine and imprisonment; and any such person shall, also, for each offense, be subject to the payment of a penalty in the sum of $250, to be recovered in a civil action brought in the name of the city. (Charter, §§1477, 1482, 1485; C. O., §570.) ARTICLE 2. Motion=Picture Exhibitions. Section 30. Definitions. 31. Control of motion-picture theatres. 32. Licenses. 32A. Exceptions. 33. Application for motion-picture theatre licenses. 34. Means of egress. 35. Fire prevention. 36. Fire extinguishing appliances. 37. Heating. 38. Lighting. 39. Ventilating. 40. Sanitation. 41. Public morals. 42. Private or non-professional exhibitions of motion -pictures. 43. Operators of motion-picture machines. 44. Violations. §30. Definitions. Unless otherwise expressly stated, whenever used in this article, the following terms shall respectively be deemed to mean : 1. Motion-pictures, a display on a screen or other device of pictures or objects in motion or rapidly changing scenery, whether or not such display shall be accompanied by a lecture, recitation or vocal or instrumental music ; 2. Motion-picture theatre , any public hall or room in which motion-pictures are displayed, in which the seating capacity does not exceed 600 persons and in which there is no stage or scenery ; 3. Open-air motion-picture theatre, any public place or space in the open air, in which motion-pictures are exhibited and in which there is no stage or scenery. (C. O., §§352a and 352b, added by Ord. approved July 8, 1913.) §31. Control of motion=picture theatres. The commissioner of licenses shall regulate and control all motion-picture theatres and open-air motion-picture theatres. The commissioner shall appoint such inspec- tors as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this article. (C. O., §§352c. 352b.) §32. Licenses. 1. Issue and reissue. All motion-picture theatres and open-air motion-picture theatres must be duly licensed. The commissioner may grant and issue any license required by this section. Motion-picture theatre licenses and open-air motion-picture theatre licenses shall expire on the 30th day of June next succeeding the date of the issue thereof. 2. Fees. License fees shall be as follows: For each motion-picture theatre, $100; For each open-air motion-picture theatre, $50 ; 36 AMUSEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS. For motion-picture theatre licenses, and open-air motion-picture theatre licenses issued between the 1st day of January and the 30th day of June, inclusive, of any year, one-half the above mentioned fee shall be paid. (Ord. effective Sept, 22, 1914.) §32a. Exceptions. All the provisions of this article excepting the provisions of subdivision 2 of §30, and subdivision 2 of §32, and all the provisions of article 24 of chapter 5, excepting the provisions of §501, subdivisions 1, 3 and 5 of §502, subdivisions 2, 3 and 4 of §503, and subdivisions 1, 2 and 4 of §506, shall apply to any motion picture theatre in a hotel located at a summer resort, where the seating capacity does not exceed 1,000, and in which there is no stage or scenery, and to which no admission fee is charged or exacted; provided, however, that no such motion picture theatre shall be operated above or below the ground floor of any building, and that the commissioner of licenses shall have power in his discretion to enforce the provisions of subdivisions 3 and 4 of §503, relating to exits and courts. The license fee for a motion picture theatre as defined by the above paragraph shall be $100. (Added by and effective July 7, 1916.) §33. Application for motion=picture theatre licenses. Applications for motion-picture theatre licenses or for open-air motion-picture theatre licenses shall be made to the commissioner of licenses, who shall pass upon the location of the theatre and upon the character of the applicant for the license without delay. Upon the application for the issue or reissue of a license for a motion-picture theatre or an open-air motion-picture theatre, the commissioner shall request the fire department, the department of water supply, gas and electricity, the department of health, and the bureau of buildings of the borough in which such theatre is located, to inspect the same, and the said departments and the appropriate bureau of buildings shall, within 10 days after receiving such requests, file in the department of licenses detailed written reports, which shall include a statement of any violation of law, ordinance, rule or regulation relating to such structure, and any dangerous condition existing therein. Upon the failure 'of any department or bureau to file such report, the commissioner may disregard such department or bureau and, in his discretion, may issue a license. Each applicant for a license for a motion-picture theatre or an open- air motion-picture theatre shall file plans and specifications for the theatre, with the bureau of buildings of the borough in which the theatre is situated or is to be erected or constructed, and a copy of such plans and specifications, duly approved by the ap- propriate superintendent of buildings, shall be filed in the department of licenses with the application for the license. (C. O., §352c.) §34. Means of egress. 1. Indication. Over every exit there must be painted on the inside, in letters not less than 6 inches high, the word “Exit” in legible type, and one red light or illuminated sign must be placed inside over each exit and illuminated while the audi- ence is present. (C. O., §352d, subd. 11.) 2. Obstruction , prohibited. All exit doors and doors leading to fire-escapes in all motion-picture theatres and open-air motion-picture theatres must be unlocked when the theatres are open to the public. All passageways and exits to the street re- quired by law or ordinance must be kept free and clear, and shall be used for no other purpose than for entrance and exit to and from the theatre. No aisle, passage- way or space in the rear of the seats in such a theatre shall be obstructed by any camp stool, chair, sofa or settee, nor shall any person be permitted to stand or sit therein. (C. O, §352d, subds. 3, 9, 11.) §35. Fire prevention. 1. Care of films. Every booth in which a motion-picture projecting machine shall be operated shall contain an approved fireproof box for the storage of all picture 37 CHAP. 3, ART. 2 , SECS. 36-39. films not on the projecting machine, and films shall not be stored in any other place on the premises. No film shall be rewound and repaired in a motion-picture theatre, except in the booth or in some other enclosure approved as fireproof by the fire com- missioner. The requirements of this section shall apply to portable booths and booths in open-air theatres, as well as to motion-picture theatres. (C. O., §352d, subd. 7; §352e, subd. 3.) 2. Cellars. The basement or cellar under the auditorium shall be kept free and clear, except the space used for the heating apparatus, or for machinery connected with the theatre and for coal and except further that such basement or cellar, if sepa- rated from the auditorium by an unpierced floor, either of fireproof construction or covered on the under side with fire-retarding material approved by the fire com- missioner and superintendent of bureau of buildings, may be occupied for a business deemed by the fire commissioner not to be hazardous. (Amended by ord. effective Nov. 9, 1915; amended by ord. effective July 16, 1918; repealed by ord. appd. August 1, 1918.) §36. Fire extinguishing appliances. Portable fire extinguishing appliances, approved by the fire commissioner, shall be provided in every motion-picture theatre and open-air motion-picture theatre, of the following kind and number : 1. 10-quart capacity buckets, painted red with the word “Fire” in black, the letters 4 inches high, to the number of 6 for places seating less than 300 without a gallery, and 2 additional if there be a gallery, and to the number of 10 in places seating over 300 persons, and 4 additional buckets if there be a gallery ; 2. Fire extinguishers, approved by the fire commissioner, of which 2 shall be on the main floor and 2 in the gallery, if there be one, and 1 in the operating booth; 3. 4-pound flat-head axes, 2 of which shall be on the main floor and 2 in the gallery, if there be one ; 4. 2 buckets filled with dry sand, to be kept in the operating booth. (C. O., §352d, subd. 14.) §37. Heating. When the temperature of the outdoor air is below 60 degrees F., the air in a motion-picture theatre, while an audience is present, shall be maintained at a tempera- ture not lower than 62 degrees F. nor higher than 70 degrees F. If gas stoves, oil stoves or other apparatus throwing off products of combustion are used to heat such a theatre, said products of combustion must be carried to the outside air by means of a fireproof flue or flues. No radiator shall be placed in the aisles of such a theatre, so as to lessen the width below the minimum requirement. (C. O., §352e, subd. 2.) §38. Lighting. Every portion of a motion-picture theatre, as defined aforesaid, including exits, courts and corridors devoted to the uses or accommodation of the public, shall be so lighted by electric light, during all exhibitions and until the entire audience has left the premises, that a person with normal eyesight should be able to read the Snellen standard test type 40 at a distance of 20 feet, and type 30 at a distance of 10 feet; normal eyesight meaning ability to read type 20 at a distance of 20 feet, in daylight. Cards showing types 20, 30 and 40 shall be displayed on the sidewalls, together with a copy of this section. (C. O., §352e, subd. 1.) §39. Ventilating. Motion-picture theatres, as defined aforesaid, having less than 200 cubic feet of air space for each person, or motion-picture theatres in which the outside window and door area is less than 1/8 of the floor area, shall be provided with artificial means of ventilation which shall supply, during the time when the audience is present, at least 500 cubic feet of fresh air per hour for each person. 38 AMUSEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS. Motion-picture theatres having more than 200 cubic feet of air space for each person, or having outside windows and doors the area of which is equal to at least 1/8 of the floor area, shall be provided with artificial means of ventilation, that shall be in operation when the outside temperature requires the windows to be kept closed, and which shall supply, during the time the audience is present, at least 500 cubic feet of fresh air per hour for each person. When the artificial ventilation is not in operation, ventilation by means of open doors and windows shall be sufficient to provide each person with 500 cubic feet of fresh air per hour. Motion-picture theatres having more than 1,000 cubic feet of air space for each person and having outside windows and doors, the area of which is equal to at least 1/8 of the total floor area, shall not be required to have artificial means of ventilation, provided the air is thoroughly changed by freely opening doors and windows, immediately before the admission of the audience and at least every 4 hours thereafter. No part of the fresh air supply required by any paragraph of this section shall be taken from any source containing vitiated air. The area of outside doors and windows shall mean the area capable of being freely opened to the outside air for ventilation purposes. When fresh air is supplied by means of ventilating openings, at least 1 inlet shall be situated at one end of the room, and at least 1 outlet at the other end of the room. Where exhaust or inlet fans are necessary, at least 1 of such fans shall be placed in an outlet opening. The inlet opening or openings shall be placed in the floor or within 2 feet from the floor, and the outlet opening or openings in the ceiling, or within 2 feet of the ceiling. The inlet openings and their surroundings shall be kept free from dust, so that the incoming air shall not convey dust nor stir up dust as it enters. During the time spectators arc present, the air in the theatre shall be kept con- tinuously in motion by means of fans to the number of at least 1 to every 150 persons. Such fans shall be placed in positions remote from the inlet and outlet openings. No person shall be exposed to any direct draft from any air inlet. (C. O., §352e, subd. 3.) §40. Sanitation. 1. Toilets. Separate toilets for each sex must be provided in every motion- picture theatre and open-air motion-picture theatre. (C. O., §352d, subd. 13.) 2. Cleanliness. All motion-picture theatres shall be kept clean and free from dust. Their floors, where covered with wood, tiles, stone, concrete, linoleum, or other washable material, shall be mopped or scrubbed with water, or swept with moisture or by some dustless method, at least once daily, and shall be scrubbed with water and soap or water and some other solvent substance, at least once weekly. All carpets, rugs and other fabric floor coverings in such theatres shall be cleaned at least once daily, by suction cleaning, beating or dustless sweeping. Curtains and draperies shall be cleaned at least once monthly, by suction cleaning, beating or washing. Cornices, walls and other dust-holding places shall be kept free from dust by washing or moist wiping. The wood and metal parts of all seats shall be kept clean. Fabric uphol- stering of seats and railings and other fixed fabrics shall be cleaned by suction cleaning, or other dustless method, at least once monthly. (C. O., §352f.) §41. Public morals. The inspectors of the department of licenses shall investigate the character of exhibitions in motion-picture theatres, and open-air motion-picture theatres, and shall report to the commissioner any offense against morality, decency or public welfare committed in said exhibitions. (C. O., §352g.) §42. Private or non=professional exhibitions of motion-pictures. The provisions of this article shall not apply to motion-picture exhibitions, with or without charge for admission, conducted under the direct management of educational 39 CHAP. 3, ART. 2, SEC. 43. or religious institutions, or held or given in conjunction with and incidental to ban- quets, entertainments, lectures, receptions, expositions or dances, nor to motion picture exhibitions, without charge for admission, given or held not more than once a week in private residences or in bona fide social, scientific, political or athletic clubs, nor to any motion picture exhibitions in which the apparatus for projecting such motion- pictures uses only an enclosed incandescent lamp, only cellulose acetate or other slow burning film of a size or perforation differing from the standard as used in theatrical machines, and is approved by the fire commissioner as being unsuitable for the use of inflammable motion-picture films. 1. Before motion pictures shall be exhibited, as above provided, there shall be obtained from the commissioner of licenses a permit for such exhibition, applica- tion for which shall have been filed in the department of licenses, at least 3 days prior to the date of said exhibition. 2. Before granting such permit, the commissioner shall cause to be inspected the premises where it is proposed that the exhibition shall be held, and shall grant the permit if, in his judgment, the safety of the public is properly guarded, and provided that, for an audience of more than 75 people, all chairs or seats shall be securely fastened to the floor or fastened together in rows. 3. The apparatus for projecting such motion-pictures shall be contained in a fire-proof booth or enclosure constructed as required by law ; except the apparatus or motion-picture machine uses only cellulose acetate films, of a size or perforation differing from the standard as used in theatrical machines, and uses only an enclosed incandescent lamp, and is approved by the fire commissioner as being unsuitable for the use of inflammable motion-picture films. 4. Every such exhibition shall be subject to the inspection of the officers and inspectors of the department of licenses, for the purposes of this article. 5. The commissioner of licenses may, in his discretion, impose a fee for the issuance of such permit, which said fee, however, shall not exceed $5 for one month or part thereof. 6. Nothing contained in the foregoing paragraphs of this section shall be so construed as to permit any person, association or club to hold any motion-picture ex- hibitions, excepting exhibitions held under the direct management of religious or educational institutions, or given or held in conjunction with and incidental to banquets, entertainments, lectures, receptions, expositions or dances, where an admission is charged, without the payment of such license fee as is provided for in §32, article 2, chapter 3, of this ordinance. (Amended by ord, effective Dec. 18, 1915.) §43. Operators of motion=picture machines. • 1. License required. No person shall operate any motion-picture apparatus or any connection thereof, unless he shall have been duly licensed as hereinafter provided. (Charter, §529a.) 2. Application for license. Any person desiring to act as a motion-picture operator shall make application for a license as such to the commissioner of water supply, gas and electricity, who shall furnish to each applicant blank forms of appli- cation which he shall fill out and file with the commissioner. (Charter, §529a.) 3. Examination. The commissioner shall make rules and regulations governing the examination of applicants and the issuance of licenses and certificates; provided that each applicant shall be given a practical examination, under the direction of the commissioner. (Charter, §529a.) 4. Issue of license and certificate. If, on such examination, the applicant is found to be competent to operate motion-picture apparatus and its connections, he shall receive the license for which he has applied, within 6 days after his examination; which license shall continue in force for 1 year from the date of issue, unless sooner revoked or suspended. With every license granted there shall be issued to the person 40 AMUSEMENTS AND EXHIBITIONS. obtaining such license a certificate, made by the commissioner or such other officer as the commissioner may designate, setting forth that the person named therein is duly authorized to operate motion-picture apparatus and its connections. (Charter, §529a.) 5. Posting certificate. The certificate shall be displayed in a conspicuous place in the room in which the licensee operates a motion-picture apparatus and its connections. (Charter, §529a.) 6. Discipline. The license and certificate may be revoked or suspended at any time by the commissioner, in his discretion, for cause. (Charter, §529a.) 7. Renewal of license. Every license, unless revoked or suspended, as herein provided, may, at the end of a year from the date of issue thereof, be renewed by the commissioner in his discretion, upon application and with or without further examination as he may direct, but every application for renewal of license must be made within the 30 days previous to the expiration of such license. (Chapter, §529a.) 8. Unlicensed operators. No person, not licensed as provided in this section, shall be employed to operate or be permitted to operate any motion-picture apparatus, or any connections thereof, in any motion-picture theatre, open-air motion-picture theatre or other place where motion-pictures are exhibited, to which the public is admitted, with or without charge for admission. (Charter, §529a.) §44. Violations. Any person who shall violate, or refuse or neglect to comply with any provision of this article shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $100, or by imprisonment not exceeding 30 days, or by both such fine and imprison- ment; and any such person shall, also, for each offense, be subject to the payment of a penalty in the sum of $50, to be recovered in a civil action, (new.) ARTICLE 3. Common Shows. Section 60. Definition. 61. License required ; fee. 62. Violations. §60. Definition. A common show shall be deemed to include a carousel, Ferris wheel, gravity steeplechase, chute, scenic cave, bicycle carousel, scenic railway, striking machine, switchback, merry-go-round, puppet show, ball game, and all other shows of like character, but not to include games of baseball, nor to authorize gambling or any games of chance. (C. O., §352.) §61. License required; fee. No person shall maintain or operate a common show without a license therefor, granted and issued by the commissioner of licenses. Such licenses shall expire on the 15th day of March next succeeding the date of issuance thereof, unless sooner suspended or revoked by the commissioner. The fee for such license shall be $25. Licenses, for common shows, now in force, shall expire on the 15th day of March, 1917. Such licenses may be renewed if presented on or before the 16th day of March, 1917, and for each full calendar month of the unexpired term of the old license, a pro rata amount of the fee paid therefor shall be applied toward the payment of the new fee. (C. O., §§305-308; as amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) §62. Violations. Any person who shall violate, or refuse or neglect to comply with, any provision of this article shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $10, or by imprisonment not exceeding 10 days, or, by both such fine and imprisonment; and any such person shall, also, for each offense, be subject to the payment of a penalty in the sum of $10, to be recovered in a civil action. (C. O., §379.) 41 CHAPTER 4. BRIDGES. Article 1. General provisions. ARTICLE 1. General Provisions. Section 1. Names of bridges. 2. Speed of vehicles on bridges. §1. Names of Bridges. The bridges of the city shall hereafter be known as follows : 1. Across the East river: a. The New York and Brooklyn bridge shall be designated as the Brooklyn Bridge; b. The new East river bridge shall be designated as the Williamsburg Bridge; c. Bridge No. 3, crossing the East river, shall be designated as the Manhattan Bridge; d. Bridge No. 4, crossing the East river, shall be designated as the Queensboro Bridge. 2. Across the Harlem river: a. The bridge connecting First avenue, borough of Manhattan, and Willis ave- nue, borough of The Bronx, shall be designated as the Willis Avenue Bridge; b. The bridge on the line of Third avenue, shall be designated as the Third Avenue Bridge; c. The bridge connecting Madison avenue, in the borough of Manhattan, and East 138th street, in the borough of The Bronx, shall be designated as the Madison Avenue Bridge; d. The bridge connecting West 145th street, in the borough of Manhattan, and East 149th street, in the borough of The Bronx, shall be designated as the 145th Street Bridge; e. The bridge connecting West 155th street, borough of Manhattan, and Jerome avenue, borough of The Bronx, shall be designated as the Macomb’s Dam Bridge; f. The bridge connecting West 181st street, borough of Manhattan, and University avenue, borough of The Bronx, shall be designated as the Washington Bridge; g. The bridge connecting West 207th street, borough of Manhattan, and West Fordham road, borough of The Bronx, shall be designated as the University Heights Bridge ; h. The bridge on the line of Broadway shall be designated as the Ship Canal Bridge. 3. Bridges in the borough of The Bronx: a. The bridge over Mott Haven canal, on the line of East 135th street, shall be designated as the 135th Street Bridge; b. The bridge over the Bronx river, on the line of Westchester avenue, shall be designated as the Westchester Avenue Bridge; c. The bridge over Westchester creek, on the line of East 177th street, shall be designated as the Unionport Bridge; d. The bridge over Eastchester bay, connecting Eastern boulevard and Pelham Bridge road, shall be designated as the Pelham Bridge; e. The bridge over Pelham Bay narrows, connecting City Island road and City Island avenue, shall be designated as the City Island Bridge; f. The bridge over Eastchester creek, on the line of Boston road, shall be desig- nated as the Eastchester Bridge. 4. Bridges in the borough of Brooklyn: a. The bridge over Gowanus canal, on the line of Hamilton avenue, shall be designated as the Hamilton Avenue Bridge ; 42 BRIDGES. b. The bridge over Gowanus canal, on the line of 9th street, shall be designated as the 9th Street Bridge ; c. The bridge over Gowanus canal, on the line of 3d street, shall be designated as the 3d Street Bridge; d. The bridge over Gowanus canal, on the line of Carroll street, shall be desig- nated as the Carroll Street Bridge; e. The bridge over Gowanus canal, on the line of Union street, shall be designated as the Union Street Bridge; f. The bridge over 5th Street basin (Gowanus canal), on the line of Third avenue, shall be designated as the Third Avenue Bridge; g. The bridge over Wallabout canal, on the line of Washington avenue, shall be designated as the Washington Avenue Bridge; h. The bridge on the line of Metropolitan avenue, over English kills, shall be designated as the Metropolitan Avenue Bridge; i. The bridge over the Coney Island creek, connecting West 18th street and West 17th street, shall be designated as the Harway Avenue Bridge; j. The bridge over Sheepshead bay, on the line of Ocean avenue, shall be desig- nated as the Ocean Avenue Bridge; k. The bridge over the Coney Island creek, on the line of the Shell road, shall be designated as the Shell Road Bridge. 5. Newtown creek bridges: a. The bridge connecting Manhattan avenue, borough of Brooklyn, and Vernon avenue, borough of Queens, shall be designated as the Vernon Avenue Bridge; b. The bridge on the line of Greenpoint avenue shall be designated as the Green- point Avenue Bridge : c. The bridge conhecting Meeker avenue, borough of Brooklyn, and Laurel Hill boulevard, borough of Queens, shall be designated as the Meeker Avenue Bridge; d. The bridge on the line of Grand street, shall be designated as the Grand Street Bridge. 6. Bridges in the borough of Queens: a. The bridge over Dutch Kills creek, on the line of Borden avenue, shall be designated as the Borden Avenue Bridge; b. The bridge over Dutch Kills creek, on the line of Hunter’s Point avenue, shall be designated as the Hunter’s Point Avenue Bridge; c. The bridge over Flushing river, on the line of Jackson avenue, shall be desig- nated as the Flushing Bridge; d. The bridge over Flushing river, on the line of Rodman street, shall be designated as the Strong’s Causeway Bridge; e. The bridge over Alley creek, on the line of Jackson avenue, shall be desig- nated as the Little Neck Bridge; 7. Bridges in the borough of Richmond: a. The bridge over Lemon creek, on the line of Bayview avenue, shall be desig- nated as the Lemon Creek Bridge ; b. The bridge over Richmond creek, on the line of Bridge avenue, shall be designated as the Fresh Kills Bridge. (Added by ord. effective Jan. 26, 1915.) §2. Speed of vehicles on bridges. No person shall operate, drive or propel any vehicle, and no owner riding thereon or therein shall cause or permit the same to be driven or propelled upon the Brooklyn bridge at a rate of speed greater than 8 miles per hour, nor upon any other public bridge in the city at a rate of speed greater than 15 miles per hour. (Added by ord. effective Jan. 26, 1915.) 43 Article 1. 2 . 3. 4. 5. 6 . 7. 8 . 9. 10 . 11 . 12 . 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20 . 21 . 22 . 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. CHAPTER 5. ^BUILDING CODE. General provisions. Materials. Working stresses and loads. Classification of buildings. Restricted areas. Height, size and arrangement. Light and ventilation. Exit facilities. Projections beyond building line. Safeguards during construction or demolition. Partition fences and walls. Excavations and foundations. Masonry construction. Wood construction. Iron and steel construction. Reinforced concrete construction. Fireproof construction. Safeguards against spread of fire. Chimneys and heating apparatus. Roofing and roof structures. Miscellaneous requirements. Frame buildings. Buildings of a public character. Motion picture theatres. Theatres and other places of amusement. Elevators. Fire extinguishing appliances. Plumbing and other systems of piping. Unsafe buildings and collapsed structures. Enforcement of chapter. fARTICLE 1. _ General Provisions. Section 1. Scope. 2. Definitions. 3. Application for permits. 4. Permits. 5. Certificate of occupancy. 6. Modifications. 7. Rules. 8. Approved materials, appliances and methods of construction. 9. Seal of ‘building bureau. 10. Right of entry of officers and employees. §1. Scope. 1. Short title. This chapter shall be known and cited as the Building Code. 2. Matter covered. All matters concerning, affecting or relating to the con- struction, alt eration or removal of buildings or structures, erected or to be erected ♦Table of article headings amended by ord. adopted Dec. 14, 1915, effective March 14, 1916. tAmended by ord. adopted Dec. 14, 1915, effective March 14, 1916. 44 BUILDING CODE. in the city are presumptively provided for in this chapter,, except in so far as such provisions are contained in the Charter, the Tenement House Law, the Labor Law, or the rules promulgated in accordance with the provisions of this chapter by the superintendents of buildings of the several boroughs. 3. Chapter remedial. This chapter is hereby declared to be remedial, and shall be construed liberally, to secure the beneficial interests and purposes thereof. 4. All new work to conform. No wall, structure, building or part thereof shall hereafter be constructed, nor shall the plumbing nor drainage, or other equipment of any building, structure or premises, so far as provided for in this chapter, be construed or altered in the city, except in conformity with the provisions of this chapter. No building already erected, or hereafter to be built in said city, shall be altered in any manner that would be in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter, or any rule or approval of the superintendent of buildings made and issued thereunder; but nothing in this chapter shall prohibit the raising or lowering of any building to meet a change of grade in the street on which it is located, provided that the building is not otherwise altered. 5. Undeveloped localities. In such parts of the city outside the fire limits and suburban limits in which a system of streets has not been established, only so much of the requirements of this chapter shall apply as in the judgment of the superin- tendent of buildings may be necessary for safety of life and health; but this shall not be construed to permit the erection of any building to exceed in height or area the limits fixed by this chapter for such buildings. 6. Buildings affected. All provisions of this chapter shall apply with equal force to municipal buildings as they do to private buildings, except as may be specifi- cally provided for by law. §2. Definitions. Unless otherwise expressly stated, the following terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter, have the meanings herein indicated. a. Words used in the present tense include the future; words in the masculine gender include the feminine and neuter; the singular number includes the plural and the plural the singular ; the word “person” includes a corporation as well as an indi- vidual; “writing” includes printing, and printed or typewritten matter; “oath” includes affirmation ; “signature” or “subscription” includes “mark,” when the person cannot write, his name being written near it. b. The term “occupied” as applied to any building, shall be construed as though followed by the words “or intended, arranged or designed to be occupied.” c. The term “approved” as applied to any material, device or mode of construc- tion, means approved by the superintendent of buildings under the provisions of this chapter, or by any other authority designated by law to give approval in the matter in question. d. The term “owner” includes his duly authorized agent or attorney, a purchaser, devisee, and any person entitled to an interest in the property in question. e. An alteration, as applied to a building or structure, is any change or rear- rangement in the structural parts or in the exit facilities, or any enlargement, whether by extending on any side or by increasing in height, or the moving from one location or position to another. f. The term “curb,” when used in defining the height of a building means the mean curb level at that front of the building which faces on the street of greatest width, or, if the greatest width occurs on more than one of the streets on which the building faces, the mean curb level at that point of the building which faces on the street of greatest width and having the highest curb. The term “curb” when used in fixing the depth of an excavation, means the curb 45 CHAP. 5, ART. 1 , SEC. 3. level at that point of the curb which is nearest to the point of the excavation in question. g. The term “height” as applied to a building or structure means the vertical dis- tance, measured in a straight line from the curb level, or if the grade of the street has not been legally established or the building does not adjoin the street, from the ave- rage level of all the ground adjoining such building, to the highest point of the roof beams in the case of flat roofs, and to the average height of the gable in the case of roofs having a pitch of more than 20 degrees with a horizontal plane. h. A story is that part of any building comprised between any floor and the floor or roof next above. i. A tenement house is a building as defined in the Tenement House Law. j. The terms “garage,” “storage garage,” “non-storage garage,” “motor vehicle repair shop” and “oil selling station” shall have the meanings indicated in chapter 10 of the Code of Ordinances. (Amended by ord. effective July 17, 1917.) §3. Application for permits. 1. For construction or alteration. Before the construction or alteration of any building, wall or structure, or any part of either, or of any platform, staging or floor- ing to be used for standing or seating purposes, and before the construction or alter- ation of the plumbing or drainage of any building, structure or premises is commenced, the owner or lessee, or agent of either, or the architect or builder employed by such owner or lessee in connection with the proposed construction or alteration, shall submit to the superintendent of buildings a detailed statement in triplicate of the specifications on appropriate blanks to be furnished to applicants by the bureau of buildings, and such plans and structural detail drawings of the proposed work as the superintendent of buildings may require. Such statement, constituting an application for a permit to construct or alter, shall be accompanied by a further statement in writing, sworn to before a notary public or commissioner of deeds, giving the full name and residence of each of the owners of said building, or proposed building, structure or proposed structure, premises, wall, platform, staging or flooring, and by a diagram of the lot or plot on which such construction or alteration is to be made, showing the exact location of any proposed new construction and all existing buildings or structures that are to remain. 2. Authorization of owner. If the construction, alteration or plumbing or drain- age or the alteration thereof, is to be made or executed by any other person than the owner of the land in fee, the person intending to make such construction or altera- tion, or to construct such plumbing or drainage, shall, either as owner, lessee, or in any representative capacity, accompany the application to build or alter with a state- ment in writing, sworn to as aforesaid, giving the full name and residence of each of the owners of the land, building, or proposed building, structure or proposed structure, premises, wall, platform, staging or flooring, and reciting that he is duly authorized to perform said work. Such statement may be made by the agent or architect of the person hereinbefore required to make the same. 3. Notice to demolish. Before any existing building or part of an existing build- ing is demolished, a statement in writing on appropriate blanks to be furnished by the bureau of buildings, constituting a notice to demolish, shall be submitted to the super- intendent of buildings by the owner or any person authorized by the owner, giving the full name and residence of each of the owners of the building to be demolished, the name and business address of the person who is to do the work and such other information respecting the building as the superintendent of buildings may require. Such notice shall be submitted not less than 48 hours before the work of demolition is commenced. 4. Place of filing. All applications, notices and sworn statements required by 46 BUILDING CODE. this section, and copies of the approved plans shall be kept on file in the office of the superintendent of buildings. Applications shall be promptly docketed as received. For purposes of identification and reference all such papers shall be marked with the block and lot number of the property to which they apply, and with the street and house number when possible. 5. Amendments. Nothing in this chapter shall prohibit the filing of amendments to any application at any time before the completion of the work for which permit was sought, and such amendments, after approval, shall be made part of the application and filed as such. 6. Ordinary repairs excepted. Ordinary repairs to buildings or structures, or to the plumbing and drainage thereof, may be made without notice to the superintendent of buildings, but such repairs shall not be construed to include the cutting away of any wall or any portion thereof, the removal or cutting of any beams or supports, or the removal, change or closing of any stairway or required means of exit, or the alteration of any house sewer, private sewer or drainage system, or the construction of any soil or waste pipe. §4. Permits. 1. Approval of applications. It shall be unlawful to construct or alter any build- ing, structure, wall, platform, staging or flooring, or any part thereof, or any plumbing and drainage, until the application and plans required by §3 of this article shall have been approved by the superintendent of buildings, and a written permit issued by him. The superintendent of buildings shall approve or reject any applica- tion or plan, or amendment thereto, filed with him pursuant to the provisions of this article within a reasonable time and, if approved, shall promptly issue a permit therefor. 2. Approval in part. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent the superintendent of buildings from approving and issuing a permit for the construction of part of a building or structure, when plans and detailed statements have been presented for the same, before the entire plans and detailed statements of said building or structure have been submitted or approved. 3. Signature to permit. Every permit issued by the superintendent of buildings under the provisions of this chapter shall have his signature affixed thereto, but this shall not prevent the superintendent from authorizing any subordinate to affix such signature. 4. Limitations. Any permit issued by the superintendent of buildings under the provisions of this article, but under which no work is commenced within one year from the time of issuance, shall expire by limitation. 5. Compliance with plans. The construction or alteration of any building, struc- ture, platform, staging or flooring, or of any plumbing or drainage, shall be in accordance with the approved detailed statement of specifications and plans, for which the permit was issued, or any approved amendment thereof. The superintend- ent may require a certified copy of the approved plans to be kept at all times on the premises from the commencement of the work to the completion thereof. 6. Adherence to diagram. The location of any new building or structure, or of any extension to an existing building or structure, shown on the diagram filed as required by §3 of this article, or on any approved amendment thereof, shall be strictly adhered to. It shall be unlawful to reduce or diminish the area of any lot or plot, a diagram of which has been filed with an application to construct or alter and has been used as the basis for a permit, unless the building or structure for which the permit was issued complies in all respects with the requirements of this chapter for buildings or structures located on plots of such diminished area, provided, how- ever, that this shall not apply to any case in which the lot area is reduced by reason of any street opening or widening or other public improvement. 47 CHAP. 5, ART. 1, SEC. 5. 7. Revocation. The superintendent of buildings may revoke any permit or ap- proval issued under the provisions of this article, in the case of any false statement, or any misrepresentation as to a material fact in the application on which the permit or approval was based. §5. Certificate of occupancy. 1. New Buildings. No building hereafter erected shall be occupied or used, in whole or in part, for any purpose whatever until a certificate of occupancy shall have been issued by the superintendent of buildings certifying that such building con- forms substantially to the approved plans and specifications and the requirements of this chapter applying to buildings of its class and kind. 2. Buildings hereafter altered. No building hereafter altered, which was vacant during the progress of the work of alteration, shall be occupied or used, in whole or in part, for any purpose whatever, until a certificate of occupancy shall have been issued by the superintendent of buildings certifying that the work for which the permit was issued has been completed substantially in accordance with the approved plans- and specifications and the provisions of this chapter applying to such an altera- tion ; and when the occupancy or use of a building has continued during the work of alteration, the occupancy or use of the building shall not continue for more than 30 days after completion of the alteration unless such certificate shall have been issued. 3. Existing buildings. Nothing in this section shall prevent the continuance of the present occupancy and use of any now existing building, except as may be specifically prescribed by this chapter or as may be necessary for the safety of life or property. Upon written request from the owner, the superintendent of buildings shall issue a certificate of occupancy for any now existing building, certifying, after verification by inspection, the occupancy or use of such building, provided that at the time of issuing such certificate there are no notices of violation, or other notices or orders pending in the bureau of buildings. 4. Change of occupancy. No change of occupancy or use shall be made in any building or part thereof, hereafter erected or altered, that is not consistent with the last issued certificate of occupancy for such building. In case of any now existing building, no change of occupancy that would bring it under some special provision of this chapter, shall be made, unless a certificate is issued by the superintendent of buildings certifying that such building conforms to the provisions of this chapter with respect to buildings hereafter altered for the proposed new occupancy and use. Nothing in this section shall prevent the issuance by the superintendent of build- ings of a certificate of occupancy for the reception of persons for medical or chari- table care or treatment, for any now existing building erected of non-fireproof con- struction as defined by subdivision 3 of section 71 of article 4 of this chapter, not exceeding 40 feet in height, or 5,000 square feet in area, and enclosed on at least three sides by an open court as defined by section 135 of article 7 of this chapter, such court to be not less than 10 feet in width at all points, and provided that all interior stairways and all vertical shafts are enclosed in partitions of fireproof or fire resisting material, that all openings in such partitions are protected by self-closing fire doors or fire windows, and that proper exit facilities be provided and that boiler room, kitchen and bakery be separate and apart from the building proper and be constructed of fireproof materials. (Amended by ord. appd. April 12, 1918.) 5. Temporary occupancy. Upon request of the owner or his authorized repre- sentative, the superintendent of buildings shall issue a temporary certificate of occupancy for part of a building, provided that such temporary occupancy or use would not in any way jeopardize life or property. 6. Contents of certificate. In addition to the certification when required by this section, as to compliance with approved plans and specifications, and provisions of this 48 BUILDING CODE. chapter, all certificates of occupancy shall state the purposes for which the building may be used in its several parts, the maximum permissible live loads on the several floors, the number of persons that may be accommodated in the several stories, in case such number is limited by any provision of this chapter or the approved specifications, and all special stipulations of the permit, if any. 7. Issuance and filing. Certificates of occupancy shall be issued within 10 days after written application therefor, if said building at the date of such application shall be entitled thereto. A record of all certificates shall be kept in the bureau of buildings and copies shall be furnished, on request, to any person having a proprietary interest in the building affected. §6. Modifications. In exercising his powers to vary the provisions of this chapter, or any rule author- ized thereunder, the superintendent of buildings shall proceed in accordance with the provisions of the Greater New York Charter establishing that power. A record of all modifications shall be kept in the bureau of buildings, properly indexed and open to public inspection during business hours. All modifications, including the applicant’s petition for same and the superintendent’s reasons for granting, shall be published in full in the City Record within 2 weeks after the superintendent’s action, and may be cited as precedents. §7. Rules. 1. Authority to adopt rules. The superintendent of buildings shall have power to adopt such rules with respect to the materials and mode of construction, consistent with the provisions of this chapter, as may be necessary to secure the intent and purposes of this chapter and a proper enforcement of its provisions. For any pro- visions of this chapter referring to the rules of requiring approval of materials or modes of construction, such superintendent shall adopt, when this section becomes effective or as the necessity may arise, such rules as are required or will establish the conditions of approval. So far as practicable such rules shall be uniform in all the boroughs. 2. Procedure. No rule adopted by the superintendent of buildings shall become effective until it shall have been published in the City Record on eight successive Mondays, and until a public hearing on the same shall have been held, provided, how- ever, that said public hearing shall not be necessary for the purposes of this chapter unless a request shall have been made for such hearing during the said period of publication. Any rule adopted and promulgated as herein provided shall have the same force and effect as any provision of this chapter. All rules heretofore legally promulgated and in force at the time when this section becomes effective shall continue in force, provided they are not inconsistent with any provision of this chapter. 3. Amendment and repeal. The superintendent of buildings may amend or repeal any rule by the same procedure prescribed for the adoption of new rules. §8. Approved materials, appliances and methods of construction. Whenever any materials, appliances or methods of construction have been ap- proved by the superintendent of buildings as conforming to tests prescribed by this chapter, or to any rules adopted thereunder, a notice to that effect shall be published in the City Record, including information as to the conditions under which said materials, appliances or methods of construction were tested and approved. A list of such materials, appliances and methods of construction shall be kept on file in the bureau of buildings, properly indexed and open to public inspection during business hours. §9. Seal of building bureau. Each superintendent of buildings may adopt a seal and direct its use in his bureau. 49 CHAP . 5, ART. 2 , SECS. 20-22. §10. Right of entry of officers and employees. * Any officer or employee of the bureau of buildings, so far as it may be necessary for the performance of his duties, shall have the right to enter any building or premises in said city upon showing his badge of office. (Amended by ord. effective Dec. 28, 1915.) ^ARTICLE 2. Materials. Section 20. Quality of materials. 21. Weights of materials. 22. Tests. 23. Brick. 24. Sand. 25. Lime. 26. Cement. 27. Mortar. 28. Concrete. 29. Hollow building blocks. 30. Iron and steel. 31. Timber. §20. Quality of materials. All building materials shall be of a quality to meet the intent of this chapter, and shall conform to such specifications, consistent with the requirements of this chapter, as may be promulgated by the superintendents of buildings. (New.) §21. Weights of materials. The weights of various materials in pounds per cubic foot shall be assumed to be as follows: Brickwork 120 Concrete, cinder, used for floor arches or slabs...., 108 Concrete, cinder, used for filling over fireproof floors 60 Concrete, stone . 144 Granite, bluestone and marble , 168 Limestone 156 Sandstone 144 Oak and longleaf yellow pine 48 Spruce, fir, hemlock, white pine and shortleaf yellow pine 30 (B. C., §135.) §22. Tests. 1. When required. New structural material, or structural material not other- wise provided for in this chapter, shall be subjected to such tests to determine its character and quality, as the superintendent of buildings shall direct. Appliances and devices required by any of the provisions of this chapter and new methods of con- struction shall be subjected to such tests to determine their efficiency, as the superintendent of buildings may direct. Such tests as may be required under this section shall be described in rules promulgated by the superintendent of buildings. (B. C, §20.) 2. Tests of materials. All tests shall be conducted under the supervision of the superintendent of buildings, or his authorized representative. Laboratory tests shall be conducted at a testing laboratory of recognized standing. A superintendent of buildings conducting a test under the provisions of this section shall notify the super- intendents of buildings of the other boroughs at least 3 days in advance of such test. (B. C., §20.) ♦Amended by ord. adopted Apr. 20, 1915, effective May 1, 1915. 50 BUILDING CODE. 3. Approval. Any material, appliance, or method of construction meeting the requirements of this chapter or the specifications authorized thereunder shall be ap- proved within a reasonable time after the completion of the tests. All such approvals and the conditions under which they are issued shall be published in the City Record within a month after issuance, and a complete list of all such approvals issued during the year shall be included in the annual report of the superintendent of buildings. The superintendent of buildings may prohibit the use of any material or appliance failing to conform to the requirements of this chapter or to the rules adopted there- under. (New.) 4. Conditions attaching to approvals. Materials, appliances or methods of con- struction which have been tested and approved shall be used and installed in accord- ance with the terms of the approval. So far as practicable all materials and appliances for which approvals have been issued shall have a distinctive brand mark for identifi- cation impressed on or otherwise attached to them. It shall be unlawful to use any such brand mark on any other material or appliance than that for which the approval was issued. (New.) 5. Additional tests. The superintendent of buildings may require any tests to be repeated if there is any reason to believe that the material or appliance is no longer up to the specifications on which the approval was based. (New.) §23. Brick. The brick used in the construction of buildings shall be sound, well burnt brick. When old brick are used in any wall they shall be thoroughly cleaned before being used, and shall be whole and good, hard, well burnt brick. (B. C., §13.) §24. Sand. The sand used for building construction shall be clean, sharp, coarse and silicious. (B. C., §14.) §25. Lime. Quick lime and hydrated lime shall conform to such specifications as may be pro- mulgated by the superintendent of buildings, or, in the absence of such specifications, with the standard specifications of the American Society for Testing Materials. (New.) §26. Cement. Portland and natural cements shall conform to such specifications as may be promulgated by the superintendent of buildings in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, or, in the absence of such specifications, with the standard specificatibns of the American Society for Testing Materials. (B. C., §16.) §27. Mortar. 1. Cement. Cement mortar shall be made of cement and sand in the proportion of 1 part of cement and not more than 3 parts of sand by volume, or, in the case of bag mortars prepared under rules promulgated by the superintendent of buildings, in such proportions that the tensile strength per square inch at the age of 28 days shall be not less than 250 pounds when Portland cement is used, and 125 pounds when natural cement is used. Cement mortar shall be thoroughly mixed and shall be used immediately after the addition of water. Not more than 15 per cent, of the cement by volume may be replaced by an equal volume of lime. (B. C, §16.) 2. Cement and lime. Cement-lime mortar shall be made of 1 part of lime, 1 part of cement and not more than 3 parts of sand to each by volume. (B. C., §17.) 3. Lime. Except as may be otherwise provided, lime mortar shall be made of 1 part of slaked lime, lime putty or dry hydrated lime, and not more than 4 parts •of sand by volume. (B. C., §15.) §28. Concrete. 1. Mixture. Except as may be otherwise provided in this chapter, concrete 51 CHAP. 5, ART. 2, SECS. 29-30. shall be made of 1 part of cement, and not more than 2*4 parts of sand and 5 parts of coarse aggregate. (B. C., §18.) 2. Aggregate. The coarse aggregate shall be granite, trap rock, gravel or other hard, durable material that may be approved by a rule of the superintendent of buildings. When gravel is used it shall be thoroughly washed. Where mass concrete is used, the coarse aggregates shall be of such size as will pass through a 2-inch ring. All aggregates shall be free from dust or other deleterious material. (New.) 3. Consistency. All concrete shall be a wet mixture, and shall be placed in forms immediately after mixing, and well tamped. No concrete shall be used after initial set has begun. (New.) 4. Forms. All forms and centering shall be built in a substantial manner, and with joints sufficiently tight to prevent leakage of the cement. They shall be properly supported and braced as to safely sustain all the load that may be placed upon them during construction. (New.) 5. Joints in concrete. Joints formed between portions of concrete placed at different times shall be made in a manner not to injure the completed structure. Before fresh concrete is joined to concrete which has set or partially set. the surface of the old concrete shall be roughened, cleaned and thoroughly wet. (New.) 6. Precautions against freezing. No materials containing frost or that are frozen shall be used. Precaution shall be taken to prevent concrete from freezing. After it has been placed in position a temperature above 32 degrees F. shall be main- tained, by artificial means if necessary, until the concrete has its initial set. (New.) §29. Hollow building blocks. 1. Concrete. Hollow building blocks of concrete shall be made of Portland cement and suitable aggregates in such proportions as to develop, at the age of 28 days, an ultimate crushing strength per square inch of gross area of not less than 750 pounds when tested with the cells placed vertically, and 300 pounds when tested with the cells placed horizontally. (New.) 2. Terra cotta. Hollow building blocks of terra cotta shall be sound, hard and well burnt and shall develop an ultimate crushing strength per square inch of gross area of not less than 1,200 pounds when tested with the cells placed vertically, and 300 pounds with the cells placed horizontally. (New.) 3. Absorption. The absorption of hollow building blocks to be used for bearing or enclosing walls shall not exceed 12 per cent, in 48 hours as an average, nor more than 15 per cent, in any case. (New.) §30. Iron and steel. 1. Cast iron. Cast iron shall be of good foundry mixture, producing a clean tough, gray iron. It shall conform to such specifications as may be promulgated by the superintendent of buildings, or, in the absence of such specifications, to the standard specifications of the American Society for Testing Materials for medium gray iron castings. Castings shall be free of serious blowholes, cinder spots and cold shuts. (B. C. §21.) 2. Cast steel. Steel castings for building construction shall be made of open hearth steel, and shall be practically free from blow holes. Except as may be other- wise prescribed by rules of the superintendent of buildings, they shall conform to the standard specifications of the American Society for Testing Materials for soft or medium steel castings. (B. C., §21.) 3. Structural steel. All structural steel for buildings shall have an ultimate tensile strength of from 55,000 pounds to 65,000 pounds per square inch. Rivet steel shall have an ultimate strength of from 46,000 to 56,000 pounds per square inch. Except as may be otherwise prescribed by the rules of the superintendent of buildings, 52 BUILDING CODE. steel shall conform to the standard specifications of the American Society for Testing Materials for structural steel for buildings. (B. C. §21.) §31 Timber. All timbers and wood beams used in any building shall be of good sound material, free from rot, large and loose knots, shakes or any imperfection whereby the strength may be impaired. (B. C, §19.) ^ARTICLE 3. Working Stresses and Loads. Section 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. General provisions. Working stresses. Working stresses for columns. Loads. Wind pressure. Floor capacities. §50. General provisions. 1. Computations. The dimensions of the several materials and the form of each construction to be used in buildings shall be computed as required in the various sections of this chapter. (B. C., §136.) 2. Factors of safety. Where the unit stress of any material is not prescribed in this chapter the relation of allowable unit stress to ultimate strength shall be as 1 to 4 for metals, as 1 to 6 for timber, and as 1 to 10 for natural or artificial stones and brick or stone masonry. But wherever working stresses are prescribed in this chap- ter, the said working stresses shall be used. (B. C., §137.) 3. Temporary supports. Every temporary support placed under any building or sfructure, or any part thereof, during the erection, finishing, alteration, or repairing of such building or structure or any part thereof, shall be of sufficient strength safely to carry the load to be placed thereon. (B. C., §133.) §51. Working stresses. 1. Safe carrying capacity. The safe carrying capacity of the various materials of construction, except in the case of columns, shall be determined by the working stresses in pounds per square inch specified in this section. Unless otherwise indi- cated, net sectional areas shall be used in determining the safe carrying capacity. 2. Iron and steel, (a) In compression. Rolled steel 16,000, Cast steel 16,000, Cast iron 16,000, Steel pins in bearing 24,000, Steel rivets, shop or power driven, in bearing 24,000, Steel field rivets, hand driven, in bearing 16,000, Steel field bolts, in bearing 12,000, (b) In tension. Rolled steel 16,000, Cast steel 16,000, Cast iron 3,000, (c) In shear. Steel web plates 10,000, Steel pins and shop or power driven rivets 12,000, Steel field rivets, hand driven 8,000, ♦Amended by ord. adopted Apr. 20, 1915, effective May 1, 1915. 53 CHAP. 5, ART. 3, SEC. 51. 7.000, 3.000, Steel field bolts Cast iron (d) In bending, extreme fibre. Rolled steel beams and riveted steel beams Rolled steel pins, rivets or bolts Cast iron, compression side Cast iron, tension side 3. Timber, (a) In compression. Oak Yellow pine, longleaf Spruce and Douglas fir White pine, shortleaf yellow pine, N. C. pine and fir Locust Hemlock (b) In tension. Oak Yellow pine, longleaf Shortleaf yellow pine Douglas fir Spruce and fir White pine Hemlock (c) In shear. Oak Yellow pine, longleaf Shortleaf yellow pine, N. C. pine, Douglas fir White pine, spruce and fir Hemlock (d) In bending, extreme fibre. Oak Yellow pine, longleaf Douglas fir, white pine and spruce Shortleaf yellow pine, N. C. pine Hemlock 16,000, 20 , 000 , 16,000, 3,U00, with grain 1,400, across grain 1,000, with grain 1,600, across grain 1,000, with grain 1,200, across grain 800, with grain 1,000, across grain 800, with grain 1,200, across grain 1,000, with grain 800, across grain 800, 1 , 200 , 1 , 200 , 900, 800, 800, 700, 600, with grain 200, across grain 1,000, with grain 150, across grain 1,000, with grain 100, across grain 1,000, with grain 100, across grain 500, with grain 100, across grain 600, 1 , 200 , 1,600, 1 , 200 , 1 , 000 , 800, 4. Stone, in compression. Granite 1,000, Greenwich stone 1,200, Gneiss 1,000, Limestone 700, Marble 600, Sandstone 400, Bluestone, North River 2,000, Slate 1,000, 5. Masonry in compression. Grout, neat Portland cement 1,000, Grout, neat natural cement 500, Concrete, Portland cement, 1:2:4 500, Concrete, Portland cement, 1 :2 l / 2 :5 400, Concrete, natural cement, 1:2:4 210, Concrete, natural cement, 1 :2 l / 2 :5 150, 54 BUILDING CODE. Brick work in portland cement mortar 250, Brick work in natural cement mortar 210, Brick work in lime-cement mortar 160, Brick work in lime mortar 110, Rubble stone work in portland cement mortar 140, Rubble stone work in natural cement mortar 110, Rubble stone work in lime-cement mortar 100, Ashlar masonry, other than sandstone 600, Sandstone ashlar masonry 300, Hollow building blocks in cement mortar : terra cotta, cells vertical, gross area 100, terra cotta, cells horizontal, gross area 50, concrete, cells vertical, gro«s area 75, concrete, cells horizontal, gross area 30, when filled with 1:3:6 concrete or better 150. (B. G, §139.) §52. Working stresses for columns. 1. General. In columns or compression members with flat ends, of cast iron, steel or wood, the stresses shall not exceed those specified in this section for the respective ratios of slenderness. For intermediate ratios of slenderness the working stresses shall be proportionate to those given. (B. C., §138.) 2. Unsupported lengths. Columns and compression members shall not be used having an unsupported length of greater ratios than given in this section. (B. C., §138.) 3. Eccentrically loaded columns. Any column eccentrically loaded shall have the stresses caused by such eccentricity computed, and the combined stresses resulting from such eccentricity at any part of the column, added to all other stresses at that part, shall in no case exceed the working stresses given in this section. The eccentric load of a column may be considered to be distributed equally over the entire area of that column at the next point below that at which the column is securely braced laterally in the direction of the eccentricity. (B. C., §138.) 4. Cast iron and steel columns. The working stresses in pounds per square inch of cross section for cast iron and steel columns shall be, when the length divided by the least radius of gyration equals 120 7,600 for steel, 110 8,300 for steel, 100 9,000 for steel, 90 9,700 for steel, 80 10,400 for steel, 70 6,200 for cast iron, 11,100 for steel, 60 6,600 for cast iron, 11,800 for steel, 50 7,000 for cast iron, 12,500 for steel, 40 7,400 for cast iron, 13,200 for steel, 30 7,800 for cast iron, 13,900 for steel, 20 8,200 for cast iron, 14,600 for steel, 10 8,600 for cast iron, 15,300 for steel. (B. C., §138). 5. Wood columns. The working stresses in pounds per square inch of cross section for wood posts and columns shall be, when the length divided by least side or diameter equals. 30 600 for longleaf yellow pine, 390 for spruce, 25 700 for longleaf yellow pine, 475 fqr spruce, 55 CHAP. 5, ART. 3 , SEC. 53. 20 800 for longleaf yellow pine, 560 for spruce, 15 900 for longleaf yellow pine, 645 for spruce, 12 960 for longleaf yellow pine, 696 for spruce, 10 1,000 for longleaf yellow pine, 730 for spruce. For columns of shortleaf yellow pine, N. C. pine or Douglas fir the working stresses shall not exceed three-fourths of the corresponding values given for longleaf yellow pine ; for columns of white pine or fir the working stresses shall be taken the same as for spruce ; for columns of white oak the working stresses shall be taken the same as for longleaf yellow pine. (B. C., §138.) §53. Loads. 1. Dead load. The term “dead load” means the weight of walls, partitions, framing, floors, roofs and all permanent construction entering into any building. (Amended by ord. effective June 22, 1915.) 2. Live load. The term “live load” means all forms of loading other than the weight of the material entering into the construction of the building. 3. Floor loads. Every floor, roof, yard, court or sidewalk shall be of sufficient strength in all parts to bear safely any imposed loads, whether permanent or tem- porary, in addition to the dead loads depending thereon, provided, however, that no floor in any building or extension to an existing building hereafter erected, shall be designed to carry less than the following live loads per square foot of area, uniformly distributed according as the floor may be intended or used for the purpose indicated, 40 pounds for residence purposes, 100 pounds for places of assembly or public purpose, except that for classrooms of schools or other places of instruction the floor need not be designed for more than 75 pounds, and 120 pounds for any other purpose, except that the floors of offices need not be designed for more than 60 pounds. The live loads for which any and every floor may be designed shall be clearly shown in the application and on the plans before any permit to erect is issued. 4. Concentrated loads. Every steel floor beam in any building hereafter erected used for any business purpose shall be capable of sustaining a live load concentrated at its centre of at least 4,000 pounds. 5. Moving loads. Running machinery or other moving loads shall be considered as increasing the live loads in proportion to the degree of vibratory impulse trans- mitted to the floor. 6. Roof loads. Every roof hereafter erected shall be proportioned to bear safely a live load of 40 pounds per square foot of surface when the pitch of such roof is 20 degrees or less, with the horizontal, and 30 pounds per square foot measured on a horizontal plane, when the pitch is more than 20 degrees. 7. Loads on vertical supports. Every column, post or other vertical support shall be of sufficient strength to bear safely the combined live and dead loads of such portions of each and every floor as depend upon it for support, except that in build- ings more than 5 stories in height the live load on the floor next below the top floor may be assumed at 95 per cent, of the allowable live load, on the next lower floor at 90 per cent, and on each succeeding lower floor at correspondingly decreasing percentages, provided that in no case shall less than 50 per cent, of the allowable live load be assumed. 8. Sidewalk loads. For sidewalks between the curb and building lines, the live load shall be taken at 300 pounds per square foot. 9. Yard and court loads. For yards and courts inside the building line, the live loads shall be taken at not less than 120 pounds per square foot. (B. C., §130.) 56 BUILDING CODE. §54. Wind pressure. 1. When considered. All buildings over 150 feet in height and all buildings or parts of buildings in which the height is more than 4 times the minimum hori- zontal dimension, shall be designed to resist a horizontal wind pressure of 30 pounds for every square foot of exposed surface measured from the ground to the top of the structure, including roof, allowing for wind in any direction. 2. Stability. The overturning moment due to wind pressure shall not exceed 75 per cent, of the moment of stability of the structure, unless the structure is securely anchored to the foundation. Anchors shall be of sufficient strength to safely carry the excess overturning moment, without exceeding the working stresses prescribed in this chapter. 3. Allowable stresses. When the stress in any member due to wind does not exceed 50 per cent, of the stress due to live and dead loads, it may be neglected. When such stress exceeds 50 per cent, of the stress due to live and dead loads, the working stresses prescribed in this chapter may be increased by 50 per cent, in designing such members to resist the combined stresses. (B. C, §140.) §55. Floor capacities. 1. Estimate of floor capacity. In every building now existing or hereafter erected, occupied wholly or in part as a business building, in which heavy materials are kept or stored, or machinery is introduced, the weight that each floor will safely sustain shall be estimated by the owner or occupant, or by a competent person employed by the owner or occupant. Such estimate shall be filed with the superintendent of buildings, properly verified by the person making the same in such manner as such superintendent may direct, and shall give full information on which the estimate is based. When such estimate is found to be satisfactory and correct, the superintendent of buildings shall approve the same. If the superintendent of buildings shall have cause to doubt the correctness of said estimate, he is empowered to revise and correct the same and for the purpose of such revision the officers and employees of the bureau of buildings may enter any building and remove so much of any floor or other portion thereof as may be required to make necessary measurements and examination. Any expense necessarily incurred in removing any floor or other portion of any build- ing for the purpose of making any examination herein provided for shall be paid by the comptroller, upon the requisition of the superintendent of buildings, out of the fund paid over to him under the provisions of §639 of this chapter. Such expenses shall be a charge against the person or persons by whom or on whose behalf said esti- mate was made, provided such examination proves the floors of insufficient strength to carry with safety the loads found upon them when such examination was made ; and shall be collected in an action to be brought by the corporation counsel against said person or persons, and the sum so collected shall be paid over to the comptroller, to be deposited in said fund in reimbursement of the amount paid as aforesaid. 2. Posting floor capacities. Before any building hereafter erected is occupied, in whole or in part, as a business building, and before any building already erected but not heretofore occupied as a business building is occupied or used, in whole or in part, for such purpose, the safe live load for each floor as approved by the superin- tendent of buildings shall be posted in a conspicuous place in the story to which it relates. When the safe live load for any existing floor, ascertained as hereinbefore provided, has been approved by the superintendent of buildings, the owner or occu- pant shall post such approved live load in a conspicuous place or places on each story occupied for any of the purposes indicated in this section. 3. Loading of floors. No person shall place, or cause or permit to be placed, on any floor of any building any greater load than the approved safe load. 57 CHAP. 5, ART. 4 , SECS. 70, 71. 4. Safes. No safe shall be placed on a stair landing or in a stair hall, nor shall its weight be carried by any beam which also carries the floor of any landing or stair hall. (B. C., §132.) ^ARTICLE 4. Classification of Buildings. Section 70. Occupancy. 71. Construction. 72. When buildings are required to be fireproof. 73. When buildings may be non-fireproof. 74. One-story special buildings. §70. Occupancy. 1. Classes designated. For the purposes of this chapter, all buildings or struc- tures shall be classified, with respect to occupancy and use, as public buildings, resi- dence buildings and business buildings, as hereinafter specified and defined. 2. Public buildings. Public building are buildings or parts of buildings in which persons congregate for civic, political, educational, religious or recreational purposes, or in which persons are harbored to receive medical, charitable or other care or treat- ment, or in which persons are held or detained by reason of public or civic duty, or for correctional purposes, including among others, court houses, schools, colleges, libraries, museums, exhibition buildings, lecture halls, churches, assembly halls, lodge rooms, dance halls, theatres, bath houses, hospitals, asylums, armories, fire houses, police stations, jails and passenger depots. 3. Residence buildings. Residence buildings are buildings or parts of buildings in which sleeping accommodations are provided, except such as may for other reasons be classed as public buildings, including among others, dwellings, tenement houses, hotels, lodging houses, dormitories, convents, and studios and club houses having sleep- ing accommodations. 4. Business buildings. Business buildings are buildings or parts of buildings, which are not public buildings or residence buildings, including among others, office buildings, stores, markets, restaurants, warehouses, freight depots, car barns, stables, garages, factories, laboratories, smoke houses, grain elevators and coal pockets. 5. Doubtful classification. In case any building is not specifically provided for, or where there is any uncertainty as to its classification, its status shall be fixed by a rule promulgated by the superintendent of buildings. 6. Mixed occupancy. In case a building is occupied or used for different pur- poses in different parts, the provisions of this chapter applying to each class of occu- pancy shall apply to such parts of the building as come within that class; and if there should be conflicting provisions, the requirements securing the greater safety shall apply. §71. Construction. 1. Classes of construction. For the purposes of this chapter all buildings or struc- tures shall be classified, with respect to construction, as fireproof, non-fireproof and frame. 2. Fireproof. Fireproof buildings or structures are those which are constructed throughout of materials that will resist the action of fire and are constructed as required in article 17 of this chapter. 3. Non-fireproof. Non-fireproof buildings or structures are those which do not conform to the requirements for fireproof buildings or structures, but which are enclosed with walls of approved masonry or reinforced concrete. ♦Added by ord. adopted June 8, 1915, effective September 1, 1915. 58 BUILDING CODE. 4. Frame. Frame buildings or structures are those of which the exterior walls or any parts thereof are of wood, or which do not conform to the requirements for fireproof or non-fireproof buildings. §72. When buildings are required to be fireproof. 1 . New buildings. Every building hereafter erected shall be a fireproof building, as follows : a. Every public building over 20 feet high, in which persons are harbored to receive medical, charitable or other care or treatment, or in which persons are held or detained under legal restraint; b. every other public building over 40 feet in height, or exceeding 5,000 square feet in area; c. every residence building, except tenements, over 40 feet in height and having more than 15 sleeping rooms ; d. every tenement house exceeding 6 stories or parts of stories as provided in the Tenement House Law; e. every residence building having more than 15 sleeping rooms and exceeding 2,500 square feet in area, unless divided by interior partition walls of approved masonry or reinforced concrete into sections of less than 2,500 square feet area; f. every other residence building over 75 feet in height; g. every business building exceeding fifty feet in height, used as a garage, motor vehicle repair shop or oil selling station within the fire limits or the suburban limits; (Amended by ords. effective Dec. 26, 1916, and July 17, 1917.) h. (Par. repealed by ord. effective July 17, 1917.) i. every ouilding over 4 stories in height used as a factory as defined in the Labor Law; j. every building or structure within the fire limits or the suburban limits used as a grain elevator or a coal pocket ; k. every business building over 75 feet in height; l. every business building within the fire limits or the suburban limits which exceeds an area of 7,500 square feet when located on an interior lot or when facing on only one street, or 12,000 square feet when facing on 2 streets, or 15,000 square feet when facing on 3 or more streets, provided that when any such building is equipped throughout with an approved system of automatic sprinklers, fireproof con- struction shall be required only when the areas exceed double those herein specified for the respective conditions, and provided also that when any such buildings is divided by approved interior fire walls, fireproof construction shall be required only when any undivided area exceeds 7,500 square feet. Buildings of greater areas than herein speci- fied for the respective conditions may, considering location and purpose, be constructed non-fireproof by special permission of the superintendent of buildings, provided they do not exceed 2 stories in height. 2. Alterations, a. By extending. When any building now existing is to be enlarged by extending it on any side so that the enlarged building would exceed the limits of height or area specified in subdivision 1 of this section for a new building, the extension or enlargement shall be constructed fireproof, provided that, in case the existing building is not of fireproof construction, the existing and new portions of the building shall be separated by fire walls. b. By raising in height. No building now existing shall be raised in height so as to exceed the limits of height specified in subdivision 1 of this section unless it is fireproof. 59 CHAP. 5, ARTS. 4, 5 , SECS. 73-90. §73. When buildings may be non=fireproof. 1. New buildings. Except when required by this article to be fireproof, or when permitted by article 5 or article 22 of this chapter to be frame, any building hereafter erected may be non-fireproof. 2. Alterations. Except when required by this article to be fireproof, or when permitted by article 5 or article 30 of this chapter to be frame, any building which shall hereafter be enlarged in any manner, may be non-fireproof. 3. Special fire protection. In all non-fireproof buildings hereafter erected or hereafter altered or converted to be used as garages, motor vehicle repair shops or oil selling stations the columns and girders, unless of fireproof construction, and all wood floor and roof construction shall be covered and protected on all sides with such fire retarding materials and in such manner as may be prescribed by the rules of the Board of Standards and Appeals, except that when such buildings are not more than one story high, without basement or cellar, such protection shall not be required for the roof construction. Existing non-fireproof buildings heretofore occupied as garages, motor vehicle repairs shops or oil selling stations shall not be required to comply with the pro- visions of this sub-division, except as may be specifically provided in rules here- after adopted by the Board of Standards and Appeals. (Added by ord. effective July 17, 1917.) §74. One=story special buildings. Nothing in this article shall prohibit the use of sheet metal not less than No. 26 gauge in thickness, or other approved incombustible, weatherproof material of such character and thickness as may be prescribed by rules of the Board of Stand- ards and Appeals, for the exterior walls of any building, irrespective of occupancy or location, except when otherwise specifically prescribed by this chapter ; provided that such building is not more than one story high above the curb or the surround- ing ground level, and that all sides, except for necessary window and door openings, and the roofs of such buildings are of the same material and construction, and provided further that the area does not exceed 1,250 square feet, and the side walls 15 feet in height. (Added by ords. effective Dec. 26, 1916, May 15, 1917, and July 17 1917.) ARTICLE 5. Section 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. Restricted Areas. Fire limits. Suburban limits. Enlarging buildings. Repair of damaged buildings. Moving buildings. Buildings in process of construction Frame buildings permitted. §90. Fire limits. Except as otherwise specifically provided in this chapter, or as the same may be amended from time to time, no frame, wood or other combustible structure shall be hereafter built in the city within the following limits hereinafter referred to as the fire limits and no person shall maintain, occupy or use any such structure erected in violation of any provision of this ordinance: 1. In the borough of Manhattan: Beginning at a point on the North river at the Battery, and running thence northerly along the pierhead line to a point 100 feet north of the northerly side of Dyckman street; thence running easterly 100 feet north of and parallel to the northerly side of Dyckman street to a point 100 feet west of the 60 BUILDING CODE. westerly side of Seaman avenue; thence running northerly 100 feet west of and parallel to the westerly side of Seaman avenue to a point 100 feet south of the southerly side of W. 215th st. ; thence running easterly 100 feet south of and parallel to the southerly side of W. 215th st., to a point 100 feet west of the westerly side of Broadway; thence running northerly 100 feet west of and parallel to the westerly side of Broadway to the bulkhead line of the Harlem ship canal ; thence easterly and southerly along the bulkhead line of the Harlem ship canal ard the Harlem river to the Bronx kills; thence easterly along the bulkhead line of the Bronx kills to the East river; thence southerly along the East river to the east of Randalls, Wards and Blackwells islands and along the pierhead line of the East river to the North river, at the place of begin- ning. (Ord. approced Aug. 14, 1914.) 2. In the borough of the Bronx: a. Beginning at a point on the eastern bulkhead line of the Harlem river at the intersection with the centre line of Washington bridge, thence running easterly along the centre line of Washington bridge to Aqueduct ave., thence running northerly along the centre line of Aqueduct ave. to Featherbed lane, thence running northeasterly along the centre line of Featherbed lane to Macombs road, thence running southerly along the centre line of Macombs road to 174th st., thence running easterly along the centre line of 174th st. to a point 100 feet west of the west- erly side of Jerome ave., thence running northerly 100 feet west of and parallel to the westerly side of Jerome ave. to Woodlawn road, thence running southeasterly along the centre line of Woodlawn road to a point 100 feet east of the easterly side of Jerome ave., thence running southerly 100 feet east of and parallel to the easterly side of Jerome ave., to E. 174th st., thence running easterly along the centre line of E. 174th st. to a point 100 feet west of the westerly side of Webster ave., thence running northerly 100 feet west of and parallel to the westerly side of Webster ave. to a point 100 feet north of the northerly side of Gun Hill road, thence running easterly 100 feet north of and parallel to the northerly side of Gun Hill road to a point 100 feet west of the westerly side of White Plains roa 1, thence running southerly across Gun Hill road to a point 100 feet south of the southerly side of Gun Hill road, thence running westerly 100 feet south of and parallel to the southerly side of Gun Hill road to the westerly line of the right of way of the New York and Harlem railroad, thence running south- erly along the westerly line of the right of way of the New York and Harlem railroad to a point 100 feet north of the northerly side of Fordham road, thence running easterly 100 feet north of and parallel to the northerly side of Fordham road to the westerly boundary of Bronx park, thence running southerly along the westerly boundary and easterly along the southerly boundary of Bronx park to the Bronx river, thence run- ning southerly along the centre line of the Bronx river to a point 100 feet north of the northerly side of Walker ave., thence running easterly 100 feet north of and par- allel to the northerly side of Walker ave. to a point 100 feet west of the westerly side of Morris Park ave., thence running northeasterly 100 feet northwest of and parallel to the northwesterly side of Morris Park ave. to a point 100 feet west of the westerly side of White Plains road, thence running northerly 100 feet west of and parallel to the westerly sfde of White Plains road to the northerly boundary line of the city, thence running easterly along said boundary line to a point 100 feet east of the easterly side of White Plains road, thence running southerly 100 feet east of and parallel to the easterly side of White Plains road to a point 100 feet south of the southerly side of Morris Park ave., thence running southwesterly 100 feet southeast of and parallel to the southeasterly side of Morris Park ave. to a point 100 feet south of the southerly side of Walker ave., thence running westerly 100 feet south of and parallel to the southerly side of Walker ave. to the Bronx river, thence running south- erly along the centre line of the Bronx river to a point 100 feet north of the northerly side of Westchester ave., thence running easterly 100 feet north .of and parallel to the northerly side of Westchester ave, to the Eastern boulevard, thence running southerly 61 CHAP. 5 , ART. 5, SEC. 90. across Westchester ave. to a point 100 feet south of the southerly side of Westchester ave., thence running westerly 100 feet south of and parallel to the southerly side of Westchester ave. to the Bronx river, thence running southerly along the centre line of the Bronx river to the East river, thence running southeasterly along the East river, northwesterly along the Bronx kills and northerly along the Harlem river to the point of beginning; b. Also, beginning at a point on the boundary line between the boroughs of The Bronx and Manhattan in the bed of the old Spuyten Duyvil creek 100 feet west of the westerly side of Broadway, thence running northerly 100 feet west of and parallel to the westerly side of Broadway to the city line, thence running easterly along the city line to the east side of Broadway, thence running southerly along the easterly side of Broadway to the northerly side of Van Cortlandt park south, thence running east- erly to a point 100 feet east of the easterly side of Broadway, thence running southerly 100 feet east of and parallel to the easterly side of Broadway to the boundary line between the boroughs of The Bronx and Manhattan, thence running westerly along said boundary line to the point of beginning. (Ord. approved Aug. 14, 1914.) 3. In the borough of Brooklyn: a. Beginning at the junction of Newtown creek with the East river, thence running along Newtown creek and the borough line be- tween Brooklyn and Queens to Chauncey st., thence running southwesterly along the centre line of Chauncey st. to Central ave., thence running southeasterly along the centre line of Central ave. to the boundary line of Evergreen cemetery, thence running southerly along the boundary line of Evergreen cemetery to Highland boulevard, thence running northeasterly along the centre line of Highland boulevard to Highland park, thence running southerly along the boundary line of Highland park to Jamaica ave., thence running easterly along the northerly side of Jamaica ave. to the borough line between Brooklyn and Queens, thence running southerly along said borough line to a point 100 feet south of the southerly side of Jamaica ave., thence running westerly 100 feet south of and parallel to the southerly side of Jamaica ave. to a point 100 feet east of the easterly side of Norwood ave., thence running southerly 100 feet east of and parallel to the easterly side of Norwood ave. to Atlantic ave., thence running easterly along the centre line of Atlantic ave , to a point 100 feet east of the easterly side of Milford st., thence running southerly 100 feet east of and parallel to the east- erly side of Milford st. to a point 100 feet south of the southerly side of New Lots ave., thence running westerly 100 feet south of and parallel to the southerly side of New Lots ave. to a point 100 feet south of the southerly side of Riverdale ave., thence running westerly 100 feet south of and parallel to the southerly side of Riverdale ave. to a point 100 feet west of the westerly side of E. 98th st., thence running northwest- erly 100 feet west of and parallel to the westerly side of E. 98th st. to a point 100 feet south of the southerly side of Clarkson ave., thence running westerly 100 feet south of and parallel to the southerly side of Clarkson ave. across Remsen ave. and continuing 100 feet south of and parallel to the southerly side of Clarkson ave. to a point 100 feet east of the easterly side of Flatbush ave., thence running southerly 100 feet east of and parallel to the easterly side of Flatbush ave. to a point opposite the junction of Kings highway with Flatbush ave., thence running westerly across Flat- bush ave. to a point 100 feet west of the westerly side of Flatbush ave., thence running northerly 100 feet west of and parallel to the westerly side of Flatbush ave. to a point 100 feet south of the southerly side of Church ave., thence running westerly 100 feet south of and parallel to the southerly side of Church ave. to a point 100 feet southeast of the southeasterly side of 14th ave., thence running southwesterly 100 feet southeast of and parallel to the southeasterly side of 14th ave. to a point 100 feet southwest of the southwesterly side of 60th st., thence running northwesterly 100 feet southwest of and parallel to the southwest side of 60th st. to New York bay, thence running north- 62 BUILDING CODE. erly along the pierhead line of New York bay, Gowanus bay, Buttermilk channel and the East river to the point of beginning; b. Beginning at a point at the intersection of the Atlantic Ocean and W. 5th st., thence running northerly along the centre line of W. 5th st to a point 100 feet north of the northerly side of Surf ave., thence running westerly 100 feet north of and parallel to the northerly side of Surf ave. to W. 8th st., thence running westerly along the southerly side of the right of way of the Norton’s Point railroad to W. 37th st., provided that at no point along said right of way shall these limits be taken at a dis- tance less than 100 feet north of the northerly side of Surf ave., thence running south- erly along the centre line of W. 37th st. to the Atlantic Ocean, thence running easterly along the shore line to the point of beginning; (Ord. approved Aug. 14, 1914.) 4. In the Borough of Queens, a. Beginning at a point in the bulkhead line of the East River at its intersection with the centre line of Winthrop ave., thence run- ning southeasterly along the centre line of Winthrop ave., to a point 100 feet south- east of the southeasterly side of Steinway ave., thence running southwesterly 100 feet southeast of and parallel to the southeasterly side of Steinway ave. to a point 100 feet north of the northerly side of Astoria ave., thence running easterly 100 feet north of and parallel to the northerly side of Astoria ave. to the Old Bowery Bay Road, thence running southerly along the centre line of the Old Bowery Bay Road to Woodside ave., thence running southerly along the centre line of Woodside ave. to Middleburg ave., thence running westerly along the centre line of Middleburg ave. to Dickson st., thence running southerly along the centre line of Dickson st. to a point 100 feet south of the southerly side of Greenpoint ave., thence running west- erly 100 feet south of and parallel to the southerly side of Greenpoint ave. to Borden ave., thence running easterly along the centre line of Borden ave. to Laurel Hill boulevard, thence running southwesterly along the centre line of Laurel Hill boule- vard to Meeker ave., thence running southerly along the centre line of Meeker ave. to Newtown Creek, thence along Newtown Creek to the East River, thence running northerly along the bulkhead line of the East River to the place of beginning. (Amended by ord. effective Nov. 9, 1915.) b. Beginning at a point on the borough line between Queens and Brooklyn inter- sected by a line distant 100 feet north of and parallel to the northerly side of Metro- politan ave., thence running easterly 100 feet north of and parallel to the northerly side of Metropolitan ave. to a point 100 feet east of the easterly side of Fresh Pond road, thence running southerly 100 feet east of and parallel to the easterly side of Fresh Pond road to Myrtle ave., thence running southerly along the Long Island rail- road to the borough line between Queens and Brooklyn, thence running northwesterly along said borough line to the point of beginning; c. Beginning at a point on the borough line between Queens and Brooklyn 100 feet north of the northerly side of Jamaica ave., thence running easterly 100 feet north of and parallel to the northerly side of Jamaica ave., to Brenton ave., thence running southerly across Jamaica ave. to a point 100 feet south of the southerly side thereof, thence running westerly 100 feet south of and parallel to the southerly side of Jamaica ave. to a point 100 feet east of the easterly side of Roseville ave., thence running southerly 100 feet east of and parallel to the easterly side of Roseville ave. to Mandsley st., thence running westerly across Roseville ave. to a point 100 feet west of the westerly side thereof, thence running northerly 100 feet west of and parallel to the westerly side of Roseville ave. to a point 100 feet south of the southerly side of Jamaica ave., thence running westerly 100 feet south of and parallel to the southerly side of Jamaica ave. to the boundary line between the boroughs of Queens and Brooklyn, thence running northerly along said boundary line to the place of beginning; 63 CHAP. 5, ART. 5, SEC. 91. d. Beginning at a point on the centre line of Madison street, Flushing, 100 feet west of the westerly side of Main street, thence running northerly 100 feet west of and parallel to the westerly side of Main street to Jackson ave., thence running east- erly along the centre line of Jackson ave. to a point 100 feet east of the easterly side of Main street, thence running southerly 100 feet east of and parallel to the easterly side of Main street to Madison street, thence running westerly along the centre line of Madison street to the point of beginning. (Ord. approved Aug. 14, 1914.) §91. Suburban limits. Except as otherwise specifically provided in this chapter, no frame or wood structure shall be built hereafter within the following areas or limits hereinafter re- ferred to as “Suburban Limits,” and it shall be unlawful to maintain, occupy or use any 'such structure erected in violation of any of the provisions of this ordinance, provided, however, that nothing herein contained shall prevent the erection, mainte- nance or occupancy of any frame building to be used exclusively for residence pur- poses with not more than 15 sleeping rooms and covering not more than 85 per cent, of the width of the lot or plot on which it is erected, and maintaining on at least one side an open space or open spaces as may be necessary to preserve such restriction, or of any one-story frame stable or garage not exceeding 600 square feet in area or 15 feet in height and erected on the same plot with a one or two-family building and maintained on all sides at least 4 feet from any lot line. 1. In the borough of Manhattan, all that portion of the borough not included in the fire limits. 2. In the borough of The Bronx, all that portion of the borough lying between the fire limits and the following boundaries : Beginning at the Hudson river and running easterly along the boundary line between the borough of The Bronx and Westchester county to a point 100 feet east of the easterly side of Barnes ave., thence southerly 100 feet east of and parallel to. the easterly side of Barnes ave. to a point 100 feet east of the easterly side of Bronxwood ave., continuing southerly 100 feet east of and parallel to the easterly side of Bronx- wood ave. to a point 100 feet south of the southerly side of Adee ave., thence easterly 100 feet south of and parallel to the southerly side of Adee ave. to a point 100 feet east of the easterly line of Laconia ave., thence southerly 100 feet east of and parallel to the easterly side of Laconia ave. to a point 100 feet south of the southerly side of Waring ave., thence easterly 100 feet south of and parallel to the southerly side of Waring ave. to the centre of Givan’s basin, thence southeasterly and easterly along the centre line of Givan’s basin to Eastchester credk, thence southeasterly and south- erly through Eastchester creek and Eastchester bay to a line 100 feet south of and parallel with the southerly side of Waterbury ave., thence westerly along a line run- ning 100 feet south of and parallel to the southerly side of Waterbury ave. to West- chester creek, thence southerly along the centre line of Westchester creek to a point 100 feet south of the southerly side of Lafayette ave., thence westerly 100 feet south of and parallel to the southerly side of Lafayette ave. to a point 100 feet west of the westerly side of White Plains road, thence northerly 100 feet west of and parallel to the westerly side of White Plains road to a point 100 feet south of the southerly side of Watson ave., thence westerly 100 feet south of and parallel to the southerly side of Watson ave. to the Bronx river. Excepting that portion of the borough lying within the following described area: Beginning at a point at the intersection of the centre line of the Bronx River, 100 feet south of Walker avenue (formerly West Farms road), running easterly along the southerly line of E. 177th street to the right of way of the New York, New 64 BUILDING CODE. Haven and Hartford Railroad; thence southerly along the west side of the right of way of New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad to the northerly side of E. 174th street; thence westerly along the north side of E. 174th street to the centre line of the Bronx River ; thence northerly along the centre line of the Bronx River to the point or place of beginning. (Amended by ord. effective April 10, 1917.) 3. In the borough of Brooklyn, all that portion of the borough lying between the fire limits and the following boundaries : Beginning at the Atlantic Ocean on a line 100 feet east of and parallel to the easterly side of Ocean parkway, running thence northerly 100 feet east of and parallel to the easterly side of Ocean parkway, to a point 100 feet south of the southerly line of Neptune ave. ; thence easterly 100 feet south of and parallel to the southerly side of Neptune ave., to a point 100 feet east of the easterly side of Coney Island ave. ; thence southerly 100 feet east of and parallel to the easterly side of Coney Island ave., to the Atlantic Ocean ; thence east- erly along the line up to the Atlantic Ocean to a point 100 feet east of the easterly side of Thornhill st. (Manhattan Beach Estates), running thence northerly 100 feet east of and parallel to the easterly side of Thornhill st., continuing across Sheepshead bay till it intersects with a line drawn 100 feet north of and parallel to the northerly side of Emmons ave., thence westerly 100 feet north of and parallel to the northerly side of Emmons ave. to a point 100 feet east of the easterly side of Batchelder st., thence northerly 100 feet east of and parallel to the easterly side of Batchelder st. to a point 100 feet north of the northerly side of Avenue Z, thence westerly 100 feet north of and parallel to the northerly side of Avenue Z to a point 100 feet east of the easterly side of Ocean ave. ; thence northerly 100 feet east of and parallel to the easterly side of Ocean ave. to a point 100 feet south of the southerly side of Avenue U, thence easterly 100 feet south of and parallel to the southerly side of Avenue U to a point 100 feet east of the easterly side of Nostrand ave., thence northerly 100 feet east of and parallel to the easterly side of Nostrand ave. to a point 100 feet south of the southerly side of Avenue N, thence easterly 100 feet south of and parallel to the southerly side of Avenue N, to a point 100 feet west of the westerly side of E. 35th st., thence southeasterly 100 feet southwest of and parallel to the southwesterly side of E. 35th st. to a point 100 feet southeast of the southeasterly side of Flatlands ave., thence northeasterly 100 feet southeast of and parallel to the southeasterly side of Flatlands ave. to a point 100 feet east of the easterly side of Schenectady ave., thence northerly 100 feet east of and parallel to the easterly side of Schenectady ave. to a point 100 feet south of the southerly side of Clarendon road, thence easterly 100 feet south of and parallel to the southerly side of Clarendon road to a point 100 feet southeast of the southeasterly side of Ditmas ave., thence northeasterly 100 feet south- east of and parallel to the southeasterly side otf Ditmas ave. to a point 100 feet north- east of the northeasterly side of E. 98th st., thence northwesterly 100 feet northeast of and parallel to the northeasterly side of E. 98th st. to a point 100 feet south of the southerly line of Vienna ave., thence easterly 100 feet south of and parallel to the southerly side of Vienna ave. to a point 100 feet east of the easterly side of Fountain ave., thence northerly 100 feet east of and parallel to the easterly side of Fountain ave. to a point 100 feet south of the southerly side of Sutter ave., thence easterly 100 feet south of and parallel to the southerly side of Sutter ave. to the boundary line of Queens borough; excepting, however, the premises beginning at the Atlantic Ocean at the easterly side of Ocean Avenue, running thence northerly along the easterly side of Ocean Avenue to Oriental Boulevard, thence easterly along the southerly side of Oriental Boulevard to the westerly side of Irwin Street; thence southerly along the westerly side of Irwin Street to the Atlantic Ocean ; thence along the Atlantic Ocean to the point of beginning. (Ord. approved Aug. 14, 1914; amended by ord. approved Jan. 12, 1917.) 65 CHAP . 5, ART. 5, SECS. 92-96. §92. Enlarging buildings. Except as otherwise specifically provided in this chapter, or as the same shall be amended from time to time, no existing frame, wood or other combustible structure shall be enlarged within the fire limits, or suburban limits, except in conformity with the provisions of this chapter with respect to new structures. (Ord. approved Aug. 14. 1914.) §93. Repair of damaged buildings. 1. When prohibited. Within the fire limits any existing frame, wood, or other combustible structures which, in the judgment of the superintendent of buildings of the borough, may be damaged from any cause whatsoever to an amount greater than one-half of the value thereof exclusive of the foundations or may be in need of structural repairs to an amount greater than one-half of its value exclusive of the foundations, shall not be repaired or rebuilt, but shall be taken down. 2. Surveys. In case the owner or owners of the structure which may be dam- aged or in need of repairs shall be dissatisfied with the decision of the superintendent of buildings as to the extent of such damage or need of repairs, then the amount or extent of such damage or required repairs shall be determined by competent survey- ors, one appointed by the superintendent of buildings, one by the owner or owners of the structure and, in case these two do not agree, one selected by them jointly. The report of the surveyors shall be reduced to writing and, when signed by any two of them, shall be conclusive. No building the subject of survey shall be in any manner repaired, altered or rebuilt until after the decision of the surveyors shall have been rendered. (Ord. approved Aug. 14, 1914.) §94. Moving buildings. No frame, wood or other combustible structure shall be moved from without to within the fire limits. (Ord. effective Aug. 14, 1914; amended by ord. effective June 22, 1915.) §95. Buildings in process of construction. Nothing herein contained shall prevent the erection or completion of a frame structure for which a permit has been lawfully issued at the time this ordinance shall take effect within such portions of the fire limits as were not heretofore included within the fire limits of the city; provided the work thereon shall be diligently prosecuted so that the structure shall be completed within 15 months after the passage of this ordinance. In case any such structure shall not be completed within the said period the holder of the permit therefor shall be deemed to have forfeited all rights and priv- ileges thereunder and the uncompleted building or structure shall be taken down and removed within 60 days after the date of the forfeiture of such permit. (Ord. approved Aug. 14, 1914.) §96. Frame buildings permitted. If any block situated within the fire limits has 90 per cent, of the buildings erected thereon constructed of frame, any vacant lot situated therein may have a frame building placed or constructed thereon, provided the same be not more than 2 stories and basement in height and is to be used for residence purposes only. (Ord. approved Aug. 14, 1914.) ARTICLE 6. Height, Size and Arrangement. Section 110. I 66 BUILDING CODE. ^ARTICLE 7. Light and Ventilation. Section 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. Rooms in residence buildings. Rooms in business buildings. Rooms in public buildings. Bathrooms and water-closet compartments. Windows. Courts. Buildings on same plot. Alterations. §130. Rooms in residence buildings. 1. Windows required. Except as otherwise provided in this article or by any other law, every living room in every residence building hereafter erected shall have one or more windows opening directly upon a street or other open public space, or upon a court located upon the same lot or plot as the building and conforming to the requirements of this article for courts, provided that the width of such street or open public space is not less than required by this article for courts. 2. Size of rooms. Every such room shall be not less than 6 feet wide in any part, and shall contain not less than 60 square feet of clear floor area, and the clear height for this minimum floor area shall be not less than 8 feet. 3. Alcove rooms. Nothing in this section shall prohibit, in residence buildings occupied by not more than two families, rooms without windows as prescribed by subdivision 1 of this section, provided that every such room opens without obstruc- tion directly into another room which has one or more windows having an aggregate area between stop beads of not less than 24 square feet and opening to the outer air as prescribed in subdivision 1 of this section, and that the opening between such rooms is not less than 60 square feet in area. §131. Rooms in business buildings. Except as otherwise provided in this article, every room in every business building hereafter erected, other than rooms specifically provided for by the Labor Law, shall unless ventilated by windows opening directly upon a street or other open public space, or upon a court located on the same lot or plot as the building and conforming to the requirements of this article for courts, be provided with approved means of ventila- tion consisting of transoms or similar devices opening into rooms ventilated directly to the outer air or of other methods capable of maintaining a carbon dioxide content of the air of not more than 1 part in 1000, provided that this requirement shall not apply to breweries or charging rooms, or other rooms where high quantities of carbon dioxide are an unavoidable concomitant of the use to which the room is put, or to rooms used exclusively for storage purposes, and provided further that the require- ments of this section shall not apply to rooms in which the unoccupied space exceeds 500 cubic feet for each occupant. §132. Rooms in public buildings. Except as otherwise provided in this article or by any other law or ordinance, every room in every public building hereafter erected shall be equipped with some approved system of positive ventilation which, during occupancy, will provide not less than 2 cubic feet of fresh, uncontaminated air per minute for each square foot of floor surface, unless the unoccupied space of such rooms exceeds 1000 cubic feet for each occupant and windows are provided opening directly upon a street or other ♦Added by ord. adopted Dec. 14, 1915, effective March 14, 1916. 67 CHAP. 5 , ART. 7, SECS. 133-136. open public space, or upon a court located on the same lot or plot as the building and conforming to the requirements of this article for courts. §133. Bathrooms and water=closet compartments. Every bathroom, toilet room or other room containing 1 or more waterclosets or urinals, hereafter placed in any building, shall be ventilated in at least 1 of the following ways : a — by a window, opening to the outer air as prescribed in subdivision 1 of §130 and having, between stop beads, an area of not less than 10 per cent, or the floor area nor less than 3 square feet in any case and a width of not less than 1 foot; ‘ b — by a window of the size specified in a, opening on a vent shaft which extends to and through the roof or into a court conforming to the requirements of this article for courts and which has a croiss-sectional area of not less than 1/5 of a square foot for every foot of height, but not less than 9 square feet in any case, and, unless open to the outer air at the top, a new area of louvre openings in the skylight equal to the maximum required shaft area; c — by an individual vent flue or duct extending independently of any other flue or duct, to and above the roof and having a cross-sectional area of not less than 1 square foot for 2 or less water-closets or urinal fixtures and 1/3 of a square foot additional for each additional water-closet or urinal fixture; d — by a skylight in the ceiling, having a glazed surface of not less than 3 square feet and arranged so as to provide ventilating openings or not less than 3 square feet to the outer air above the roof of the building or into a court conforming to the requirements of this article for courts, for 2 or less water-closets or urinal fixtures and 2 square feet additional for each additional water-closet or urinal fixture; or e — by some approved system of mechanical exhaust ventilation of sufficient ca- pacity to provide not less than 4 changes of air per hour. §134. Windows. All windows, except windows provided for in §133 of this article, placed in any room of a residence building hereafter erected for the purpose of complying with the requirements of this article, shall have an aggregate area between stop beads of not less than 1/10 of the floor area of the room served thereby. Such windows shall be so arranged that, when fully opened, the total open space shall be not less than 50 per cent, of the total required window space. §135. Courts. In every building hereafter erected every court provided under the provisions of this article for the lighting and ventilation of any room shall have a width at every point of not less than 1 inch for every foot that such point is distant from the lowest part of such court, but not less than 4 feet in any case. Every such court shall be open and unobstructed for the required widths from its lowest point to the sky, except -for the ordinary projections of window sills, belt courses and similar ornamental projections to the extent of not more than 4 inches. When a court is located along a side of a lot or plot the lot line shall be deemed an enclosure of such court, except that when a court opens on a street or open public space, such street or open public space may be considered as part of that court. §136. Buildings on the same plot. If more than 1 building is hereafter placed on any lot or plot, or, if any build- ing is placed on the same lot or plot with an existing building, the several buildings, may, for the purposes qf this article, be considered as a single building. Any struc- ture, whether independent or attached to a building, shall, for the purposes of this article, be deemed a building or part o' a building. 68 BUILDING CODE. §137. Alterations. No building shall hereafter be altered so as to reduce either the size of any room or the amount of window space, to less than that required for buildings here- after erected, or so as to create any additional room or rooms unless such addi- tional room is made to conform to the requirements for rooms in buildings here- after erected, except that such rooms may be of the same height as existing rooms in the same story. No building shall hereafter be enlarged, nor shall the lot or plot on which it is located be diminished so that the dimensions of any court required for light or ventilation, as in this article provided, shall be less than prescribed for build- ings hereafter erected. ^ARTICLE 8. Exit Facilities. Section 150. Definitions. 151. Application of article. 152. Exits. 153. Interior stairs 154. Exterior stairways. 155. Fire towers. 156. Horizontal exits. 157. Hallways. 158. Doorways. 159. Miscellaneous requirements. 160. Alterations. 161. Existing buildings 162. Fire escapes. 0. Definitions. For the purpose of this article. a — a floor area is any floor space enclosed on all sides by either the exterior walls, fire walls, or fire partitions ; b — a stair exit is a direct connection of any floor area to a stairway constructed in accordance with the requirements of this article for required stairs; c — a horizontal exit is the connection of any 2 floor areas, whether in the same building or not, by means of a vestibule, or by an open air balcony or bridge, or through a fire partition or fire wall ; d — the term “sprinklered ” means equipped with an approved system of automatic sprinklers throughout the building, and the term “unsprinklered” means not so equipped. §151. Application of article. Unless otherwise specifically stated in this article, the provisions thereof shall apply to buildings, hereafter erected, except tenement houses coming under the pro- visions of the Tenement House Law, factories coming under the provisions of the Labor Law, motion picture theatres coming under the provisions of article 24 of this chapter, theatres and other places of amusement coming under the provisions of article 25 of this chapter, and residence buildings occupied exclusively by 1 or 2 families, or having not more than 15 sleeping rooms. §152. Exits. 1. Kind. Every building hereafter erected shall have 1 or more exits as re- quired in this section, consisting of interior or exterior stairs, fire towers, or hori- zontal exits, constructed and arranged as specified in this article, with the necessary hallways and doorways. ♦Amended by ord. adopted Dec. 14, 1915, effective March 14, 1916. 69 CHAP. 5, ART. 8, SEC. 153. 2. Number of occupants. For the purposes of this article, when the number of persons to be accommodated by the exits is not stated in the application for a permit to construct, such number of persons within any floor area shall be taken, according to the use of such floor area, as 1 person. a — for every 10 square feet m dance halls, lodge rooms and places of assembly; b — for every 15 square feet in court rooms, restaurants and classrooms in schools and colleges ; c — for every 25 square feet in stores, markets, lodging houses and reading rooms; d — for every 32 square feet in workrooms; e — for every 50 square feet in offices and show rooms ; f — for every 100 square feet in hospitals, hotels, asylums, furnished room houses and other residence buildings; g — for every 150 square feet in warehouses and garages. It shall be unlawful to occupy any floor area by a greater number of persons than that for which exits have been provided in accordance with this article. 3. Number, a. From rooms. Every room having an occupancy of more than 75 persons shall have zt least 2 doorways, remote from each other, leading to an exit or exits. b. From ground floor. Every floor area having direct exit by doorways or hallways to a street and having an occupancy of more than 75 persons, shall have at least 2 means of exit. c. From floor areas. Every other floor area above or below the ground floor shall have at least 1 interior stairway or fire tower connected thereto. Every such floor area shall have at least 1 additional exit when it exceeds 2500 square feet in area. d. Fire towers required. In business buildings exceeding 85 feet in height, at least 1 stairway shall be a fire tower, provided that in sprinklered buildings in which 2 or more stairways are required under the provisions of this article, such * fire tower shall not be required unless the building exceeds 125 feet in height. 4. Location. Exits shall be so located that no point in any floor area served by them shall be more than 100 feet distant along the line of travel from an exit, except that when any floor area is subdivided into smaller areas, such as rooms in hotels and office buildings, the distance from the door of any such room, along an unobstructed hallway, to an exit, shall be not more than 125 feet. Where more than 1 exit is required to any floor area, the exits shall be placed remote from each other. 5. Stairway exits. Every required stairway shall lead to a street. At least 1 stairway shall continue to the roof, and when there are more than 2 stairways, at least 2 shall continue to the roof. 6. Engineers’ ladders. Every building, including tenement houses, factories, theatres and motion picture theatres, in which high pressure steam boilers are placed below the curb level shall have stationary iron ladders or stairs from such story leading directly to a manhole through the sidewalk or other outside exit, unless exit is provided by an enclosed stairs or a horizontal exit. §153. Interior stairs. 1. Construction, a. Strength. All stairs, platforms, landings and stair halls shall be of sufficient strength to safely sustain a live load of not less than 100 pounds per square foot. b. Materials. All stairs and stairways serving an exit shall be constructed of incombustible material throughout, except in frame and non-fireproof buildings not exceeding 40 feet in height and occupied by not more than 50 persons above the BUILDING CODE. first story, and except when the stairs are enclosed in fireproof partitions, in frame and non-fireproof buildings not exceeding 50 feet in height. c. Support for treads and landings. When treads or landings are of slate, marble, stone or composition they shall be supported for their entire length and width by a solid steel plate at least % of an inch thick, securely fastened. When stairs are of fireproof construction the treads and landings may be solidly supported for their entire length and width by the materials of which such stairs are constructed. The treads and landings shall be constructed and maintained in such manner as to prevent persons from slipping thereon. 2. When to be enclosed, a. Fireproof enclosures. In buildings exceeding 40 feet in height or occupied by more than 50 persons above the first story, interior required stairways shall be enclosed with fireproof partitions or walls of approved masonry. b. Non-fireproof enclosures. In buildings not exceeding 40 feet in height and occupied by not more than 50 persons above the first story, interior required stair- ways which are not enclosed in fireproof partitions or walls of approved masonry shall be enclosed in partitions of wood studs, firestopped at every story with incom- bustible material, and wire-lathed or covered with approved plaster boards on both sides, and in each case plastered with at least of an inch of mortar on all exposed surfaces, or of other approved equally slow-burning material and construction. c. Stairs of ornamental character. Nothing in this section shall require the en- closure of the flight of a required stairs, when ornamental in character, from the main entrance floor to the floor next above, provided that such stairs are not the only required stairs, that all other required stairs in the same story are enclosed as in this section prescribed, and that some other required stairs is accessible from the upper part of the stairs in question. d. Open stair wells. Except as in this section otherwise provided, not more than 2 stories in any building shall be connected by an open well or unenclosed stairway. e. Openings in enclosures. No openings shall be permitted in the stair enclosures required by this section, other than doorways, and such windows as are necessary for proper lighting. The doorways shall be equipped with approved self-closing fire doors, except that in non-fireproof enclosures, substantial self-closing hardwood, metal or metal covered doors may be used. Windows, opening on the interior of the building, shall be stationary fire windows. 3. Width. No stair or stairway required by this article as an exit shall have an unobstructed width of less than 44 inches throughout its length, except that hand-rails may project not more than 3 inches into such width. The aggregate width of stairs in any story of the building shall be such that the stairs or the stair- ways may accommodate at one time the total number of persons ordinarily occupying or permitted to occupy the largest floor area served by such stairs or stairways above the flight or flights of stairs under consideration, on the basis of 1 person for each full 22 inches of stair width and 1 treads on the stairs, and 1 person for each 3^ square feet of floor area on the landings and halls within the stairway, provided that the number of persons to be accommodated as herein provided may be assumed at Y* of such total number of persons ordinarily occupying or permitted to occupy any floor area when the building is sprinkled and at Yz of such total number when a horizontal exit is provided in accordance with this article, and at Y of such total number when the building is sprinkled and a horizontal exit is provided. 4. Treads and risers. Except where winders are permitted, the treads and risers of stairs shall be so proportioned that the product of the tread, exclusive of nosing, and the riser, in inches, shall be not less than 70 nor more than 75, but risers shall not exceed 7Y inches in height, and treads, exclusive of nosing, shall be not less than 71 CHAP. 5, ART. 8, SECS. 154-156. 9]/2 inches wide. Treads, other than winding treads, and risers, shall be of uni- form width and height in any one flight. The use of winders is prohibited, except for stairs of an ornamental character, having a width of not less than 5 feet. The treads of winders, exclusive of the nosings, shall have a width of not less than 7 inches at any point nor more than 10 inches average width. 5. Landings. No flight of stairs shall have a vertical rise of more than 12 between floors or landings, provided that in stairs serving as an exit from places of assembly such vertical rise shall not exceed 8 feet. The distance between risers on landings in straight runs of stairs shall be not less than 44 inches. 6. Hand rails. Stairs shall have walls or well secured balustrades or guards on both sides, and shall have hand-rails on both sides. When the required width of a flight of stairs exceeds 88 inches, an intermediate hand-rail, continuous between landings, substantially supported and terminating at the upper end in newels or standards at least 6 feet high, shall be provided. 7. Space under stairs. The space under any stairs built in whole or in part of combustible materials shall be left entirely open and kept clear and free from encum- brance. §154. Exterior stairways. Required stairs which may be permitted on the outside of a building shall be con- structed of incombustible materials and shall conform in other respects, except as to enclosure, to the requirements of this article for interior stairs. Exterior stairs shall be connected to each story which they serve by means of self-closing fire doors. Doors and windows opening on such stairs shall be protected by approved self-closing fire doors or automatic fire windows. Metal mesh or other rigid guards at least 6 feet high shall be provided on each unenclosed side of such stairways throughout. §155. Fire towers. Interior stairways constructed and arranged as follows shall be known as fire towers. The enclosing walls shall be of brick or reinforced concrete not less than 8 inches thick, and without openings, except for doors or windows opening on a street, or on a yard or court not less than 100 square feet in area. Access to the stairway shall be provided at each story served by a fire tower through outside balconies or fireproof vestibules having solid floors of incombustible materials and provided with substantial railings. Such balconies or vestibules shall be level with the floors of the building and platforms of the stairs connected by them, and shall be separated therefrom by self-closing fire doors. The clear width of such connect- ing balconies and vestibules shall be not less than that required for a hallway. The stairs in fire towers shall comply in all respects with the requirements of this article relating to interior stairs. §156. Horizontal exits. No horizontal exit shall be deemed satisfactory under this article unless the floor area on either side of such horizontal exit is sufficient to hold the joint occu- pancy of both floor areas, allowing not less than 3^4 square feet of clear floor space per person, and at least 1 interior stairway or fire tower conforming to the requirements of this article is provided on each side of such horizontal exit. When vestibules or open air balconies are used they shall conform to the require- ments for vestibules or open air balconies of fire towers. When bridges are used they shall be constructed of incombustible material. All doorways or windows open- ing on such vestibules, balconies or bridges shall be equipped with self-closing fire doors or automatic fire windows. Where there is a difference in level between the connected floor areas, gradients shall be provided of not more than 1 foot in 10 feet. 72 BUILDING CODE. §157. Hallways. When serving as an exit from or in connection with one or more stairways, the clear width of any hallway or passageway shall be not less than the aggregate re- quired clear width of all stairs leading to it. The clear width of every hallway or passageway leading to an exit shall be not less than 44 inches for the first 50 persons to be accommodated thereby, and 6 inches additional for each additional 50 persons or fraction thereof ; when the number of persons to be accommodated thereby is less than 50, the clear width of such hallway or passageway shall be not less than 36 inches. §158. Doorways. 1. Width. The aggregate clear width of doorways serving as an exit from any room or floor area to a hallway, stairs or other means of exit shall be not less than 36 inches for the first 50 persons to be accommodated thereby, and 6 inches additional for each additional 50 persons or fraction thereof. The aggregate clear width of doorways serving as an exit from any stairway, hallway or passageway, shall be not less than the required width of such stairway, hallway or passageway. No single exit doorway shall have a clear width of less than 30 inches, provided that, when the total number of persons to be accommodated exceeds 50 the clear width shall be not less than 36 inches. 2. Hanging of Doors. The doors of any doorway required by this section shall be so hung and arranged that when opened they shall not in any way obstruct the required width of hallway, stairs, or other means of exit and, in the case of doorways leading directly to a street, shall not, in any position, project more than 18 inches beyond the building line. Doorways serving as exits to a street from required stairways of any building, or to a yard, court or open passageway communicating with a street, shall have the doors, including the doors of vestibules, so hung as to swing outwards when opening; but this requirement shall not be construed to prohibit the use of doors swinging both inwards and outwards, nor of sliding doors in stables and garages, and in the shipping and receiving rooms of business buildings. 3. Door fastenings. The fastenings on any exit door within the scope of this section shall be such that the door may be readily opened from the inside without the use of keys, provided that this requirement shall not apply to the doors of rooms where persons are under legal restraint. §159. Miscellaneous requirements. 1. Exit signs. All exits from floor areas accommodating more than 50 persons shall be plainly marked by approved exit signs and red lights. 2. Lighting. Provision shall be made for the adequate lighting by artificial light of all stairways, hallways and other means of exit required by this article. 3. Exits to be kept clear. No doorway, hallway, passageway, stairs, or other means of exit, required by this article, shall be obstructed or reduced, except as to hand-rails, beyond its required width in any manner whatsoever. §160. Alterations. No building shall hereafter be altered so as to reduce the number or capacity of exits to less than required for buildings hereafter erected. New exits here- after installed in any building shall be installed in conformity to the requirements for exits in new buildings, unless such exits are installed to comply with a notice issued under the provisions of §161 of this article. §161. Existing buildings. Every building now existing which is not provided with exit facilities as pre- scribed in this article for new buildings and in which the exit facilities are inadequate for the safety of the occupants, shall be provided with such good and sufficient 73 CHAP. 5, ART. 9, SEC. 170. fire escapes, stairways, or other means of egress in case of fire as shall be directed by the superintendent of buildings; and said superintendent shall have authority within said city to direct fire escapes and other means of egress to be provided upon and within such buildings or any of them, except as may be otherwise provided by law. If the owner of any building affected by any order issued under this section, or his agent, shall within 48 hours, Sundays and holidays excluded, after personal service of such order has been made, file with the superintendent of buildings a written appeal from such order, the superintendent of buildings shall appoint a board of survey, as provided for in §633 of this chapter for unsafe buildings, upon whose findings a new order shall be based and issued. §162. Fire escapes. 1. Construction. All fire escapes hereafter erected shall be constructed of in- combustible materials and of sufficient strength to safely sustain a superimposed load of 100 pounds per square foot. The owner or lessee of any building upon which a fire escape is erected shall keep the same in good repair. 2. Incumbering fire escapes. No person shall at any time place any incumbrance of any kind whatsoever before or upon any fire escape, balcony or ladder. 3. Notice against incumbrances. In constructing all .balcony fire escapes, the manufacturer thereof shall securely fasten thereto, in a conspicuous place, a metal plate having suitable raised letters on the same, to read as follows : “ Notice : Any person placing any incumbrance on this balcony is liable to a penalty of $10 and imprisonment for 10 days.” 4. Duty of firemen and policemen. Any fireman and policeman who shall dis- cover any fire escape, balcony or ladder of any fire escape incumbered in any way shall forthwith report the same to the commanding officer of his company or precinct, who shall forthwith cause the occupant of the premises or apartment to which said fire escape, balcony or ladder is attached, or for whose use the same is provided, to be notified, either verbally or in writing, to remove such incumbrance and keep the same clear. 5. Punishment for violations. If said notice shall not be complied with by the removal forthwith of such incumbrance, and keeping said fire escapes, balcony or ladder free from incumbrance, then the said commanding officers shall apply to the nearest police magistrate for a summons for the occupant of the said premises or apartment of which the fire escape forms a part, and, on conviction, the said occupant shall be fined not more than $10 for each offense, or may be imprisoned not to exceed 10 days, or both, in the discretion of the court. Section 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. ^ARTICLE 9. Projections beyond building line. Restrictions. Permits revocable. Alterations. Existing encroachments. Action of board of estimate. §170. Restrictions. 1. General. Except as hereinafter otherwise provided in this article no parf of any building hereafter erected, or of any enlargement of an existing building shall project beyond the building line so as to encroach upon a public street or public space. 2. Projections removable. Any part of a building permitted to project beyond the building line under the provisions of this article shall be so constructed that its *Added by ord. adopted Dec. 14, 1915, effective March 14, 1916. 74 BUILDING CODE. removal may be made at any time without causing the building or any part thereof to become structurally unsafe. 3. Structural support. No part of any building hereafter erected or of any en- largement of an existing building that is necessary for the structural safety of the building or an enlargement thereof shall project beyond the building line so as to encroach upon a public street or public space, but this shall not be deemed to prohibit the projection beyond the building line to the extent of not more than 12 inches of the footings of street walls provided such projecting parts of footings are not less than 8 feet below the sidewalk level. 4. Permissible projections, a. Areas, meaning thereby open spaces below the ground level immediately outside the building and enclosed by substantial walls, may project beyond the building line not more than 1/15 of the width of the street, but not more than 5 feet, except where entirely prohibited by §160 of chapter 23 of this Code, provided, however, that every such area shall be covered over at the street level by an approved grating of metal or other incombustible material of sufficient strength to carry safely the pedestrian street traffic. b. Steps, leading up or down at entrances and included between ornamental columns, pilasters or check pieces at least 3 feet high on the sides of such entrances, may project beyond the building line not more than 2y> per cent, of the width of the street, but not more than 18 inches in any case, except where prohibited entirely by §160 of chapter 23 of this Code, provided that the aggregate width of such steps shall not exceed 20 per cent, of the actual street frontage of any one building, when such frontage is 25 feet or more nor more than 5 feet when such frontage is less than 25 feet. *•. Columns, pilasters and ornamental projections, including their mouldings and bases, erected purely for the enhancement of the beauty of the building from an artistic standpoint, may project beyond the building line not more than 2 y 2 per cent, of the width of the street, but not more than 18 inches in any case. d. Balustrades of an ornamental character, including the sills and brackets on which they rest, may project beyond the building line not more than 5 per cent, of the width of the street nor more than 22 inches in any case, provided that every part of such balustrade is not less than 10 feet above the sidewalk. e. Mouldings, belt courses, cornices, lintels, sills, pediments and similar projec- tions of a decorative character may project beyond the building line not more than iy per cent, of the width of the street nor more than 10 inches in any case. f. The main cornice, meaning thereby a moulded projection at or near the top of the street wall, may project beyond the building line not more than 5 per cent, of the width of the street nor more than 5 feet in any case, provided such main cornice is not less than 12 feet above the sidewalk at any point. g. Base courses may project beyond the building line not more than 1%. per cent, of the width of the street nor more than 10 inches in any case, provided they do not extend more than 5 feet above the highest point of the sidewalk. h. Rustications and quoins may project beyond the building line not more than 4 inches. i. Awnings and marquises, extending wholly or in part across the sidewalk, in connection with entrances to buildings, shall be not less than 10 feet above the side- walk at all points, except where prohibited by §160 of chapter 23 of this Code, provided they are constructed of iron and glass or other incombustible materials, and securely supported from the building, and are properly drained, and pro- vided further that, except on streets that may by ordinance be designated as market streets, no awning or marquise shall extend along the street wall of a building for more than 75 per cent, of the length of such wall, nor, in any case, more than 75 CHAP. 5, ART. 9, SECS. 171-174. 50 feet, and there shall be a clear distance of not less than 4 feet between any two awnings on the same building. j. Fire escapes and balconies to fire towers or other required exits, constructed of steel or other incombustible material, when required on the fronts of buildings, may project beyond the building line not more than 4 >4 feet, but no part of such fire escapes or balconies shall be less than 10 feet above the sidewalk, provided that nothing in this section shall prevent the use of movable ladders or stairs to the sidewalk, so arranged that they are within 10 feet of the sidewalk only when in actual use. k. Vaults, entirely below the sidewalk level and conforming to the requirements of article 17, chapter 23, of this Code, shall not extend beyond the curb line. Opening in the roofs of vaults, between the building line and curb, shall be provided with substantial covers, flush in all parts with the sidewalk, of incom- bustible material, and so constructed and maintained as to be normally kept closed and, when open, thoroughly safeguarded, and to prevent persons from slipping thereon. l. Hose connections for interior fire extinguishment equipments and fresh air inlets for plumbing systems may project through a street wall not more than 12 inches beyond the building line, except that where there is an angle formed by the street wall and a check piece or the base of a column, pilaster or ornamental projec- tion, provided as in this section specified, they may be so located that no part extends more than 15 inches from either side of such angle. 5. Rules governing projections. Nothing in this article shall be deemed to abridge the powers and duties of the borough presidents or the commissioners of parks, within their respective jurisdictions, to adopt additional rules as may be necessary with respect to the construction or disposition of parts of buildings projecting beyond the building line. The borough presidents or commissioners of parks may, when deemed necessary or desirable, fix further restrictions as to the extent of projections beyond the building line, but no projection greater than in this article specified shall be permitted. §171. Permits revocable. Any permission, express or implied, to construct part of a building so as to project beyond the building line, under the provisions of this article, is revocable by the board of aldermen or the board of estimate at will. §172. Alterations. No alterations or enlargement shall be made to any existing part of a building now projecting beyond the building line, except in conformity with the provisions of this article so far as it affects new construction. §173. Existing encroachments. Such parts of buildings which already project beyond the building line may be maintained as constructed until their removal is directed by the board of aldermen or the board of estimate, provided, however, that nothing contained in this article shall be deemed to abridge the right of the city, or any of its officers, to continue any action for the removal of any unauthorized projection beyond the building line or for the collection of any penalty heretofore incurred in connection therewith. §174. Action of board of estimate. Nothing in this article shall be deemed to authorize any projection beyond the building line on those streets on which the removal or, projections has been heretofore or may be hereafter directed by the board of estimate, except in conformity to reso- lutions by such board. 76 BUILDING CODE. ^ARTICLE 10. Section 190. Safeguards during construction or demolition. Enforcement of article. 191. Sidewalk sheds. 192. Temporary fence. 193. Roofs and skylights of adjoining buildings. 194. Scaffolding. 195. Floors to be filled in or covered over. 196. Protection of floor openings. 197. Weather protection. 198. Cellar drainage. 199. Overloading prohibited. 200. Precautions during demolition. §190. Enforcement of article. Except as may be otherwise provided by any law or ordinance, the provisions of this article shall be enforced by the superintendent of buildings, and all safeguards required by the provisions of this article or by any rules authorized thereunder shall be subject to the supervision of the bureau of buildings. The superintendent of buildings shall, from time to time, adopt such rules, consistent with the provisions of this article, as may be necessary to secure fully the protection of persons and property. In case any safeguard shall not be provided as prescribed by this article, the superintendent of buildings shall cause a notice to be served personally upon the persons whose duty it may be to provide the same or upon the owners of the build- ings affected, requiring such safeguard and specifying the manner in which the same shall be erected. If such safeguard is not provided as required in such notice, within 3 days after the service thereof, the superintendent of buildings shall have full power and authority to provide or cause the same to be provided as herein specified. All expenses connected with same may become a lien on the property inclosed or protected, which lien may be created and enforced in the same manner as now provided in §652 of this chapter. §191. Sidewalk sheds. Whenever any building or part thereof, within ten feet of the building line, is to be erected or raised to exceed forty feet in height, or whenever such a building more than forty feet in height is to be demolished, the owner or the person doing or causing such work to be done shall erect and maintain during such work a sub- stantial shed over the sidewalk in front of said building and extending, so far as practicable, from building line to curb. On streets fifty feet or less in width and on streets having sidewalks less than fifteen feet in width, such sheds may extend beyond the curb to such extent as may, on the recommendation of the superintendent of buildings, be approved by the borough president, provided that when such sheds extend to within fifteen feet of the opposite building line the written approval of the lessees, tenants or occupants of the two stories or parts of stories next above the curb of the buildings along the opposite building lines shall have been obtained before such approval is issued. Such shed shall remain in place until the building is enclosed, or, in case of demolition, until the building has been reduced to twenty feet in height. Every such shed shall be kept properly lighted at night. (Amd. by ord. appd. June 22, 1920.) §192. Temporary fence. In any building operation that does not require sidewalk sheds, as provided in §191 of this article, the owner or person doing or causing such work to be done, shall, unless relieved by a general rule of the superintendent of buildings or a special ♦Amended by ord. adopted Nov. 9, 1915, effective Feb. 9, 1916. 77 CHAP. 5 , ART. 10, SECS. 193-198. permit from him, erect and maintain in front of the building during such building operation, a substantial fence not less than 8 feet high, of wood or other suitable material. Such fence may extend not more than 6 feet into the highway, and shall be built solid for its full length except for such openings, provided with sliding doors or doors swinging inwards, as may be necessary for a proper prosecution of the work. §193. Roofs and skylights of adjoining buildings. When any building is to be carried above the roof of an adjoining building, proper means for the protection of the skylights and roof of such adjoining building shall be provided, at his own expense, by the person constructing or causing the con- struction of such building, provided that if the owner, lessee or tenant of the adjoin- ing building should refuse permission to have the roofs and skylights so protected, the responsibility and expense for the necessary protection shall devolve on the person refusing this permission. §194. Scaffolding. All scaffolds used in connection with the erection, alteration or demolition of any building shall be constructed in a manner to secure the safety of the workmen on them and of all persons passing under or near them. All scaffolds used on or about buildings at a height of more than 20 feet above the street or ground level, or a floor, except scaffolding wholly within the interior of a building and covering the entire floor space of any room therein, shall be provided along the outer edges and ends with substantial railings or enclosures of wire mesh or other suitable material, extending at least 3 feet above the working platform. §195. Floors to be filled in or covered over. If the floors of any building are to be of fireproof construction the floor filling shall be completed as the building progresses. If the floors consist of wood beams the under-flooring, when double flooring is to be used, shall be laid on each story as the building progresses ; when double floors are not to be used, the floors 2 stories below the story where the work is being performed shall be kept planked over. If the floor beams are of iron or steel, the entire tier of iron or steel beams on which the structural iron or steel work is being erected, except such spaces as may be rea- sonably required for the proper construction of such iron or steel work, and for the raising or lowering of materials to be used in the construction of such building, or such spaces as may be designated by the approved plans for stairways and shafts shall be thoroughly planked over. §196. Protection of floor openings. All floor openings within a building in the course of construction shall be enclosed or fenced in on all sides by a barrier of suitable height, except on those sides which may be used for the handling of materials hoisted through such openings, or at which stairs or ladders land, provided that such sides, other than landings, shall be guarded by an adjustable barrier not less than 3 nor more than 4 feet from the floor and not less than 2 feet from the edge of such opening. §197. Weather protection. Whenever permission has been given under any of the provisions of this chapter to enter any adjoining building the person who receives such permission or who is responsible for the work requiring such permission, shall provide for such adjoining buildings adequate protection against the weather. §198. Cellar drainage. Before the foundation walls of any building are completed provision shall be made to prevent water accumulating in the excavation or cellar to the injury of the foundation, and if there is a sewer in the street the cellar shall also be connected therewith. 78 BUILDING CODE. §199. Overloading prohibited. No building or part thereof, or any temporary support or scaffolding in connec- tion therewith, shall be loaded during erection, alteration or demolition in excess of its safe carrying capacity. §200. Precautions during demolition. In demolishing any building or part thereof, story after story shall be completely removed. No material shall be stored upon a floor of any building in the course of demolition, but old material shall be lowered to the ground immediately upon dis- placement. The material to be removed shall be properly wet to lay the dust incident to its removal. ARTICLE 11. Section 210. 211 . 212 . 213. 214. 215. Partition Fences and Walls. Construction and maintenance of fences. Retaining walls. Regulation of lots. Neglect to maintain. Disputes. Enforcement. §210. Construction and maintenance of fences. All partition fences, unless erected under some special agreement, shall be so built that the dividing line betweeii the properties shall run through the centre of such fence in each case, and they shall be built and maintained at the joint expense of the owners of the land on each side. (Ord., Aug. 11, 1914.) §211. Retaining walls. 1. To conform to street regulation. When the regulation of a lot, in conformity with the street or streets on which it is situated, shall require the ground on such lot to be raised and kept higher than the ground of the adjoining lot or lots (provided the ground of such adjoining lot or lots is not maintained at a grade lower than in conformity with the street or streets on which they are situated) and a retaining wall for supporting the same shall be necessary, such retaining wall shall be made and main- tained jointly by the owners of the land on each side and shall stand one-half upon the land of each owner; but, if the owner of the lot or lots having the lower grade shall bear and discharge the entire cost and expense of the making, such retaining wall shall be built entirely upon the lot having the higher grade and shall thereafter be maintained jointly by the owners of the land on both sides thereof. 2. To support adjoining earth. Where an excavation has been made or a fill placed on any lot, but, as the case may be, not below or above the legal grade in conformity with the street on which that lot fronts, and the land adjoining it has no building or permanent structure thereon, other than frame sheds or structures of like character, and where a retaining wall shall be necessary to support the ad- joining earth, such retaining wall shall stand one-half upon the lot of each owner and shall be made and maintained jointly by the owners of the land on each side; provided, that, if the owner of the lot having the lower grade shall bear and discharge the entire cost and expense of the making, such retaining wall shall be built entirely upon the lot having the higher grade and shall thereafter be maintained jointly by the owners of the land on both sides thereof. 3. Surplus wall. Where any owner shall insist on maintaining his ground either higher or lower than the legal regulation as hereinafter provided, except in a case herein otherwise specifically provided for, the surplus retaining wall, which may be necessary to support such height qr provide for such excavation, shall be made and maintained at the sole expense of such owner. 4. Construction. All retaining walls required under this section shall be con- structed in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. 79 CHAP. 5 , ART. 11, SECS. 212-215. 5. Removal. Any retaining wall erected or provided under this section, stand- ing partly on the land of each owner, may be removed by either owner when the necessity for such retaining wall no longer exists. (Ord., Aug. 11, 1914.) §212. Regulation of lots. The regulation of lots, in conformity with the street or streets on which they are situated, shall be calculated at an ascent of 2 inches in every 10 feet, measured from the curb in a direction at right angles or normal thereto; provided that, in the case of a lot having more than one street frontage, when so situated that the street frontages intersect, the curb along the longest street frontage shall be used, and, when so situated that the street frontages do not intersect the curb along each frontage shall be used to one-half the depth of the lot between street frontages. A lot as referred to in this section, shall be deemed and construed to mean a parcel of land not over 25 feet by 100 feet, in one ownership, whether adjacent land be in the same ownership or not; but, for the purpose hereof, no land in the same ownership may be divided into lots smaller than 25 feet by 100 feet. (Ord., Aug. 11, 1914.) §213. Neglect to maintain. If any person whose duty it may be jointly to make or repair any partition fence or retaining wall or any part thereof, in pursuance of the provisions of this article, shall neglect so to do, or to join in so doing, for 6 days, after being requested, in writing, by the owner or owners of the adjoining ground, the owner of such adjoining ground may make or repair such partition fence or retaining wall, or cause the same to be done, and may recover from such person such share of the expense of making or repairing so much thereof as is necessarily made or repaired by him, with costs, in any court having jurisdiction. (Ord., Aug. 11, 1914.) §214. Disputes. In case of any dispute between parties, as to what part or portion of the expense shall be borne and discharged by either of them, for building or maintaining any par- tition fence or wall, and in all cases of dispute concerning the sufficiency of any fence or wall, the controversy shall be determined by the superintendent of buildings of the borough in which the fence or wall may be situated. (Ord., Aug. 11, 1914.) §215. Enforcement. The superintendent of buildings in each borough may, in order to effect the pur- poses of this article, notify in writing any owner of any requirement under any pro- vision thereof. Any person who shall fail to proceed, within 10 days, in accordance with such notice, or to comply therewith, within such reasonable time thereafter as shall be allowed or permitted by the superintendent of buildings, shall be liable to a penalty of not less than $10, nor more than $50, and, in addition, he shall be liable to a further penalty of $1 for each and every day that his default shall continue, after due notice thereof. (Ord., Aug. 11, 1914.) ♦ARTICLE 12. Excavations and Foundations. Section 230. 231. 232. 233. 234. 235. 236. 237. Excavations. Soil, bearing capacity. . Foundations, generally. Footings. Foundation piers and caissons. Pile foundations. Foundation walls. Retaining walls. ♦Amended by ord. adopted June 22, 1915 ; effective September 22, 1915. 80 BUILDING CODE. §230. Excavations. 1. Safeguarding generally. Until provision for permanent support has been made, all excavations shall be properly guarded and protected so as to prevent the same from becoming dangerous to life or limb, and shall be sheet-piled, braced or shored, where necessary to prevent the adjoining earth from caving in, by the person causing the excavation to be made. (B. C. §22.) 2. When retaining wall required. When an excavation is made on any lot, and provision for the support of adjoining earth is not otherwise made in accordance with law, the person making such excavation or causing it to be made shall, at his own cost and expense, except as may be provided in article 11 of this chapter or as here- inafter provided in this section, build a retaining wall to support the adjoining earth; and such retaining wall shall be carried to the height of the adjoining earth, and be properly protected by coping. (B. C. §22.) 3. Support of neighboring walls • a. When excavation exceeds 10 feet. When- ever an excavation is intended to be, or shall be carried to the depth of more than 10 feet below the curb, the person causing such excavation to be made shall at all times if afforded the necessary license to enter upon the adjoining land, and not otherwise, at his own expense, preserve and protect from injury any wall, building or structure, the safety of which may be affected by said excavation, and support the same by proper foundations, whether the said wall, building or structure is down more or less than 10 feet below the curb. If the necessary license is not accorded to the person mak- ing such excavation, then it shall be the duty of the owner refusing to grant such license to make such wall, building or structure safe, and .to support the same by proper foundations ; and, when necessary for that purpose, such owner shall be permitted to enter upon the premises where such excavation is to be made. (B. C. §22.) b. When excavation does not exceed 10 feet. If such excavation is not in- tended to be, or shall not be carried to a depth of more than 10 feet below the curb, the owner of any wall, building or structure, the safety of which may be affected by said excavation, shall preserve and protect the same from injury, and support the same by proper foundations ; and, when necessary for that purpose, shall be permitted to enter upon the premises where such excavation is to be made. In case such wall, building or structure, however, is so located that the curb to which it is properly referred is at a higher level than the curb to which the excavation is referred, such part of any necessary underpinning or foundation as may be due to the difference in curb level shall be made and maintained at the joint expense of the person causing the excava- tion to be made and the owner of such wall, building or structure. (B. C. §22.) 4. Support of party wall. In case an adjoining party wall is intended to be used by the person causing the excavation to be made and such party wall is in good condition and sufficient for the uses of the existing and proposed building, the person causing the excavation to be made, shall, at his own expense, preserve such party wall from injury and support the same by proper foundations, so that said party wall shall be and remain practically as safe as before the excavation was commenced. (B. C. §22.') 5. Superintendent of buildings may act. If the person whose duty it shall be under the provisions of this chapter properly to guard and protect an excavation, or to prevent adjoining earth from caving in, or to preserve or protect any wall, building or structure from injury, shall neglect or fail so to do after having had a notice of 24 hours from the superintendent of buildings, such superintendent may enter upon the premises and employ such labor, and furnish such materials and take such steps as. in his judgment, may be necessary to prevent adjoining earth from caving in or to make such wall, building or structure safe and secure, or to prevent the same from becom- ing unsafe or dangerous, at the expense of the person whose duty it is to keep the 81 CHAP. 5, ART. 12, SECS. 231-223. same safe and secure. The city or any person doing the said work, or any part thereof, under and by direction of a superintendent of buildings, may bring and maintain an action against the person last herein referred to, to recover the value of the work done and materials furnished, in and about the said premises, in the same manner as if he had been employed to do the work by the said person. (B. C. §22.) §231. Soil, bearing capacity. 1. Indicative statement required. Applications for permits for new buildings, and, when necessary, for alterations to existing buildings, shall contain a statement of the character of the soil at the level of the footings. (B. C. §23.) 2. Presumptive capacities. In the absence of a satisfactory test of the sustaining power of the soil, different soils, excluding mud, shall be deemed to safely sustain the following loads to the superficial foot, namely : Soft clay 1 ton Wet sand 2 tons Firm clay 2 tons Sand and clay, mixed or in layers 2 tons Fine and dry sand 3 tons Hard dry clay 4 tons Coarse sand 4 tons Gravel 6 tons Soft rock 8 tons Hard pan 10 tons Medium rock 15 tons Hard rock 40 tons In case the soil under the footings of any one building is partly rock and partly yielding soil, the bearing capacity of the yielding soil shall be taken at not more than one-half of the capacity otherwise allowed. (B. C., §23.) 3. Soil tests. When a doubt arises as to the safe sustaining power of the soil upon which a building is to be erected, the superintendent of buildings may order borings to be made, or he may direct the sustaining power of the soil to be tested in accordance with the methods established by the rules of the superintendent of build- ings, by and at the expense of the owner of the proposed building. Where a test is made of the sustaining power of the soil the superintendent of buildings shall be notified so that he may be present in person or by representative. The record of the test shall be filed in the bureau of buildings. (B. C., §23.) §232. Foundations, generally. 1. General requirements. Every building, except buildings erected upon solid rock or upon wharves or piers on the water front, shall have foundations of brick or other approved masonry, iron or steel, laid not less than 4 feet below the surface of the earth, on the solid ground or level surface of rock, or upon piles or ranging timbers when solid earth or rock is not found. (B. C., §25.) 2. Protection of metal work. Where metal is incorporated in or forms part of a foundation, it shall be thoroughly protected from rust by paint, asphaltum, concrete, or by such materials and in such manner as may be approved by the super- intendent of buildings. (B. C., §25.) §233. Footings. 1. Materials. The footings of foundation walls shall consist of footing stones, concrete, reinforced concrete construction or steel grillages. Wood footings may be used if they are entirely below the permanent water level. (B. C, §26.) 2. Footing stones. Footing stones shall be not less than 2 by 3 feet, they shall not be less than 8 inches in thickness for walls, nor less than 10 inches in thickness 82 BUILDING CODE. under piers, columns or posts. Footing stones shall be well bedded and laid crosswise, edge to edge. (B. C., §26.) 3. Concrete footings. Concrete footings shall be not less than 12 inches thick, except that for frame buildings the thickness may not be less than 8 inches. (B. C, §26.) 4. Steel grillages. When grillage beams, resting on a proper concrete bed, are used, they shall be provided with separators and bolts and shall be inclosed and filled solid between with concrete. (B. C., §26.) 5. Pressure under footings. For the loads exerting pressure under the footings of foundations the full dead loads and the figured live loads on the lowest tier of columns, piers or walls shall be taken. For this purpose the reduced live loads permitted by subdivision 7 of § 53 of this chapter, may be used. (B. C., §24.) 6. Design. Footings shall be so designed that the loads they sustain per unit of area shall be as nearly uniform as possible and within the bearing capacities of soils established by this article, and that the stresses in the materials shall not exceed those fixed by this chapter. In proportioning the areas of footings for any building the dead loads alone shall be considered, provided, however, that in no case shall the pressure under the footings as determined in subdivision 5 of this section, exceed the safe load on the soil established by this article. (B. C., §24.) §234. Foundation piers and caissons. The foundations of any building may be carried down to rock or hard pan by isolated piers of approved masonry or reinforced concrete, or by open or pneumatic caissons, so designed that the working stresses in the materials and the loads on the rock or hardpan do not exceed those established by this chapter. (B. C., §26.) §235. Pile foundations. 1. General requirements. Piles intended to sustain a wall or building, or any part thereof, shall be driven to a solid bearing, if practicable to do so, and the method of driving shall be such as not to impair their strength. No pile or group of piles shall be loaded eccentrically. Any type of pile construction not provided for in this section shall meet such requirements as may be prescribed by the rules of the superin- tendent of buildings. (B. C., §25.) 2. Wood piles, a. Quality and size. Wood piles shall be of approved timber, sound and straight. The diameter at the point shall be not less than 6 inches. The diameter at the butt shall be not less than 10 inches for piles not over 25 feet in length, and not less than 12 inches at the butt for piles of greater length. (B. C, §25.) b. Allowable loads. The safe sustaining power of any wood pile in tons shall be taken as twice the weight of the hammer in tons multiplied by the height of the fall in feet, divided by the average penetration of the pile in inches under the last 5 blows, plus 1, when a drop hammer is used for driving, and as twice the weight of the hammer in tons multiplied by the height of the fall in feet, divided by the average penetration in inches under the last 5 blows, plus 1/10, when a steam hammer is used for driving, provided that the driving has reached such a point when successive blows produce approximately equal penetration. No wood pile, however, shall be weighted with a load exceeding 20 tons. (B. C., §25.) c. Construction. The distance between wood piles shall not be more than 36 nor less than 20 inches on centers. The tops of wood piles shall be cut off below the permanent water level. When ranging and capping timbers are laid on piles or foundations, they shall be of hard wood not less than 6 inches thick and properly joined together, and their tops laid before the permanent water level. (B. C., §25.) d. Meadow land construction. When wood piles are used under frame buildings built over the water or on salt meadow land, they may project above the water a 83 CHAP. 5 , ART. 12, SEC. 236. sufficient height to raise the building above high tide, and the building may be placed directly thereon without other foundation. (B. C., §25.) 3. Concrete piles, a. Concrete filled steel tubes. For piles consisting of steel tubes filled with concrete, the tubes shall have a diameter of 9 inches or more and a thickness of not less than 5-16 of an inch. The ends of each tube shall be faced perpendicular to its axis. Splices shall be of an approved design and not more than one splice shall be used in the total length of the pile. The length of any such pile shall not exceed 40 times the inside diameter of the tube. Such piles shall be driven to a full bearing on rock. The allowable load of any such pile shall not exceed 500 lbs. per square inch on the concrete and 7,500 lbs. per square inch on the steel, pro- vided that in computing the effective area of the steel the outer 1-16 inch of thickness shall be deducted from the thickness of the tube. No interior steel reinforcements shall be used. (New.) b. Piles moulded before driving. Concrete piles moulded and cured before driv- ing shall not be provided with more than 4 per cent, of longitudinal reinforcement. The diameter or lateral dimension of such a pile shall not be less than 8 inches at the foot and shall not average less than 12 inches in the length of the pile. The length shall not exceed 20 times the average diameter when the pile is driven to rock nor 40 times the average diameter in any case. When driven to rock the allowable load on any such pile shall not exceed 500 lbs. per square inch on the concrete at the average cross-section and 6,000 lbs. per square inch on the longitudinal reinforce- ment. If driven to rock, the foot shall be provided with a metal shoe. (New.) c. Piles moulded in place. Concrete piles cast in place shall be so made and placed as to insure the exclusion of any foreign matter, and to secure a perfect full- sized shaft. The average diameter of any such pile in place shall not be less than 11 inches and the diameter of the foot shall be not less than 6 inches. The length shall not exceed 30 times the average diameter. The allowable load shall not exceed 350 lbs. per square inch on the concrete. (New.) d. Allowable loads. When concrete piles are not driven to rock they shall be treated as friction piles and their carrying capacities shall be determined by test in accordance with rules established by the superintendent of buildings ; but the stresses herein given for the materials composing them shall not be exceeded in any case. (New.) e. Concrete. The concrete for concrete piles shall be mixed in the proportion of 1 part Portland cement to not more than 2 parts of clean, coarse sand, and 4 parts of broken stone or gravel of a size passing through a 1-inch ring, with sufficient water to produce a plastic or viscous consistency. (New.) 4. Tests. When any doubt exists as to the safe sustaining power of piles upon which a building or structure is to be supported, the superintendent of buildings may order a test of the same to be made at the expense of the owner of the proposed building or structure or tne person causing the piles to be driven. The record of every such test shall be filed in the bureau of buildings. (New.) §236. Foundation walls. 1. Definition. Foundation walls shall be construed to include all walls and piers built below the curb level or the nearest tier of beams to the curb, which serve as supports for walls, piers, columns, or other structural parts of a building or structure. (B. C., §26.) 2. Materials. Foundation walls shall be built of approved masonry, reinforced concrete or steel protected by masonry. All masonry foundation walls shall be laid in cement mortar. (B. C. §26.) 3. Thickness. If built of rubble stone, foundation walls shall be at least 8 inches thicker than the walls next above them, but not less than 18 inches in any case. If 84 BUILDING CODE. built of brick, concrete or hollow building blocks, they shall be at least 4 inches thicker than the walls next above them, but not less than 12 inches thick in any case. For each additional 10 feet, or part thereof, below the depth of 12 feet below the curb level, the thickness shall be increased 4 inches. (B. C. §26.) 4. Brick. When brickwork in foundation walls is stepped up from the footings, the offsets, if laid in single courses, shall not exceed 1 inches, or if laid in double courses, shall not exceed 3 inches. (B. C. §26.) 5. Stone. Rubble stone masonry, unless built in dressed, level courses, shall not be used for buildings exceeding 75 feet in height. (B. C. §26.) 6. Hollow building blocks. Foundation walls of hollow building blocks may be used only when the upper walls are of frame or hollow building block construction. The hollow spaces in the blocks shall be filled, as the construction progresses, with concrete of not less than 1 part of cement to 9 parts of aggregate. (New.) §237. Retaining walls. All walls built to retain or support adjoining earth or rock, including foundation walls subjected to pressure from adjoining earth or rock, shall be constructed of approved masonry or reinforced concrete and so designed that in resisting the pres- sures to which they are subjected, including any water pressure that may exist, the working stresses of the materials shall not be exceeded, the soil shall not be over- loaded and the stability of the wall shall be insured. (New.) ^ARTICLE 13. Masonry Construction. Section 250. Definitions. 251. Construction. 252. Brick masonry. 253. Stone masonry. 254. Hollow building block masonry. 255. Ashlar. 256. Mortar. 257. Wall thicknesses. 258. Existing walls. 259. Parapet walls. 260. Hollow walls. 261. Recesses and chases. 262. Miscellaneous requirements. 263. Masonry arches. 0. Definitions. For the purposes of this chapter: a. approved masonry means masonry constructed in accordance with the re- quirements of this article, of the materials specified therein; b. bearing wall means any wall which carries any load other than its own weight ; c. height, as applied to a wall, means the vertical distance to the top measured from the foundation wall, or from a girder or other immediate support of such wall. (New.) §251. Construction. 1. Materials. Approved masonry shall be constructed of brick, stone, concrete, hollow building blocks, or a combination of these materials as provided in this article. It shall be properly and solidly bonded with joints filled with mortar. (B. C. §27.) ♦Amended by ord. adopted July 6, 1915; effective October 6, 1915. 85 CHAP. 5, ART. 13, SEC. 252. 2. Protection against freezing. No masonry shall be built when the temperature is below 28 degrees F., on a rising temperature, or 32 degrees on a falling temperature at the point where the work is in progress. No frozen materials shall be built upon. (B. C. §28.) 3. Wetting brick. All brick shall be thoroughly wet just previous to being laid, except in freezing weather, when they shall be thoroughly dry. (B. C. §28.) 4. Erection of walls and piers. Masonry wall and piers shall be built to a line and carried up plumb. In each story the walls shall be carried up full thickness to the top of the beams above. No wall of any building shall be built up more than 2 stories in advance of any other portions of the walls of the building, provided that where walls are carried independently by girders at each floor this provision shall not apply. All walls that meet or intersect shall be bonded or anchored to each other in an approved manner. Any pier having less than 4 square feet of cross sec- tion, when located at an intersection with a wall, shall be bonded into and built as part of that wall. (B. C. §28.) 5. Piers. Every pier supporting a girder, arch, column or a lintel spanning an opening over 10 feet, upon which a wall rests, shall be built of approved masonry. Every such pier having a height of more than 10 times its least dimension, and every isolated pier built of brick or hollow building blocks, having less than 9 square feet of cross section shall, at vertical intervals of not more than 30 inches, have built into it bond stones not less than 4 inches thick, or approved perforated steel or cast iron plates of the full size of the pier. Isolated piers shall not exceed in height 10 times their least dimensions. 6. Arches and lintels. Door and window openings in walls shall be spanned by arches, or lintels having a bearing at each end of not less than 5 inches. In walls of non-fireproof buildings, when the thickness of the lintel is less than the thickness of the wall to be supported, a timber lintel may be placed on the inside of the wall resting at each end not more than 2 inches on the wall, and chamfered or cut to serve as centre for a rowlock or keyed arch. When the opening is more than 6 feet in width, templates shall be provided under the ends of lintels resting on the walls, unless the pressure under the lintel does not cause a working stress in the masonry greater than specified in article 3 of this chapter. (B. C. §42.) 7. Timber in walls. No timber, except lintels, provided for in subdivision 6 of this section, and nailing blocks not over 8 inches in length, shall be placed in any masonry wall. (B. C. §52.) 8. Bracing during construction. The walls and beams of every building during erection or alteration shall be strongly braced from the beams of each story, and when required shall also be braced from the outside until the building is enclosed. (B. C. §41.) §252. Brick masonry. Except when laid in Flemish bond or faced with running bond, every sixth course in brick walls shall be a heading course. When running bond is used, every sixth course shall be bonded into the backing by cutting the course of the face brick and putting in diagonal headers behind the same, or by splitting the face brick in half and backing the same with a continuous row of headers. Where face brick is used of a different thickness from the brick used for backing, the courses of the face brick and backing shall be brought to a level at intervals of not more than 6 courses in height of the backing, and the face brick shall be properly tied to the backing by a full heading course of the face brick or other approved method. Face brick shall be laid at the same time as the backing, and shall in no case be laid after the backing is in place. (B. C. §28.) 86 BUILDING CODE. §253. Stone masonry. 1. Workmanship. No stone shall be laid in a wall in any other position than on its natural bed. Stones shall be firmly bedded in cement mortar and all spaces and joints thoroughly filled. No stone shall be used that does not bond or extend into the wall at least 6 inches. All headers shall be at least 12 inches in width and 8 inches in thickness, and consist of good flat stones. (B. C. §26.) 2. Bond. All stone walls 24 inches or less in thickness shall have at least 1 header extending through the wall in every 3 feet in height from the bottom of the wall, and in every 3 feet in length, and if over 24 inches in thickness, shall have 1 header for every 6 superficial feet on both sides of the wall, laid on top of each other to bond together, and running into the wall at least 2 feet. (B. C. §26.) 3. Limitation. Rubble stone walls, except for foundations, shall not be used in buildings over 60 feet high. (New.) §254. Hollow building block masonry. 1. Construction. Where walls of hollow building blocks are decreased in thick- ness, the blocks in the top course of the thicker wall shall be filled solidly with con- crete or covered with slabs of hard burned terra cotta or concrete at least 1 inch in thickness. Terra cotta or concrete templates of approved size and thickness shall be placed under all floor beams and girders properly to distribute the loads. (New.) 2. Veneering. Hollow building blocks of terra cotta used in exterior walls shall be extra hard burned or veneered with brick, architectural terra cotta, or stone, or covered on the exposed surface with at least 24 of an inch of Portland cement stucco. When walls of hollow building blocks are veneered with brick, the facing shall be bonded to the backing with headers every sixth course of the brickwork. (New.) i 3. Limitation. Walls of hollow building blocks shall not be used in buildings over 40 feet in height, except - that in buildings of skeleton construction terra cotta blocks with shells and webs not less than 1 inch thick, faced with at least 4 inches of brickwork properly bonded as specified in this section, may be used. (New.) §255. Ashlar. Stone, architectural terra cotta or other approved material, used for the facing of any wall and known as ashlar, shall be not less than 4 inches thick. Such ashlar shall be anchored to the wall in an approved manner. Within the fire limits ashlar shall not be used in any wall the total thickness of which is less than 12 inches. (B. C. §29.) §256. Mortar. In the following masonry construction no mortar other than cement mortar shall be used : a. Foundation walls and footings; b. Rubble stone walls ; c. Hollow building block construction ; d. Walls faced with ashlar; e. Isolated piers ; f . Curtain walls ; g. Exterior walls of skeleton structures ; h. Parapet walls ; i. Chimneys above roofs; j. Linings of existing walls. (B. C. §30.1 87 CHAP. 5, ART. 13, SEC. 257. §257. Wall thicknesses. 1. Application, a. The thickness of masonry walls shall in all cases, irrespec- tive of any other requirements of this section, be sufficient to keep the stresses in the masonry within the working stresses prescribed by this chapter. b. The heights herein specified, unless otherwise clearly indicated, are the heights of walls as defined in §250. c. In all cases the wall thicknesses herein specified shall be applied to the nearest tier of beams to the height specified. d. Nothing in this section shall prevent the use in any wall of the same amount of material in piers and buttresses as is required for the thicknesses herein prescribed. e. The unsupported height of any wall or part thereof shall not exceed 20 times the thickness of such unsupported part, unless reinforced by adequate crosswalls, buttresses or columns. (New.) 2. Residence buildings. Except as hereinafter provided, the thicknesses of masonry walls of residence buildings hereafter erected shall be not less than the following : a. when over 75 feet in height, 12 inches for the uppermost 25 feet, 16 inches for the next lower 35 feet, 20 inches for the next lower 40 feet, with a 4-inch increase for each additional lower section of 40 feet; b. when not over 75 feet in height, 12 inches for the uppermost 55 feet and 16 inches below that. 3. Public and business buildings. Except as hereinafter provided, the thicknesses of masonry walls of public and business buildings hereafter erected shall be not less than the following: a. when over 75 feet in height, 16 inches for the uppermost 25 feet, 20 inches for the next lower 35 feet, 24 inches for the next lower 40 feet, and increasing 4 inches for each additional lower section of 40 feet; b. when over 60 feet and not over 75 feet in height, 16 inches for the upper- most 50 feet, and 20 inches below that ; c. when over 40 feet and not over 60 feet in height, 12 inches for the uppermost 20 feet, and 16 inches below that. d. when not over 40 feet in height, 12 inches throughout. (B. C., §31.) 4. Increased thickness . when required, a. Every bearing wall with face brick bonded with clip courses or ties, and every bearing wall faced with ashlar shall have a total thickness of at least 4 inches more than otherwise required unless the ashlar is at least 8 inches thick in every alternate course and bonded to the wall. b. Every wall built of rubble stone shall have a thickness at least 4 inches more than required by subdivisions 2 and 3 of this section, but no such stone wall shall be le^s than 18 inches thick. c. When the clear span between bearing walls is over 26 feet, such walls shall be increased 4 inches in thickness for every 12^4 feet or part thereof that said span is over 26 feet. d. All walls over 105 feet long between cross-walls or proper piers or buttresses, shall be increased in thickness over the minimum requirements at least 4 inches for every 105 feet, or part thereof, over 105 feet in length. e. If the horizontal section through a bearing wall shows more than 30 per cent area of flues and openings such part of the wall where the excessive openings exist shall be increased 4 inches in thickness over minimum requirements for every 15 per cent., or fraction thereof, of flue or opening area in excess of 30 per cent., provided that if such wall be laid up in Portland cement mortar the increase in thickness shall be required only when the area of flues and openings exceeds 45 per cent. ; or, instead of increasing such wall in thickness, adequate piers or buttresses shall be provided. 88 BUILDING CODE. f. In case any wall is increased in thickness in accordance with one of the requirements of this subdivision, it will not be necessary to further increase the thickness to meet another requirement of this subdivision, unless, in the judgment of the superintendent of buildings, the safety of the wall demands it. (B. C., §32.) 5. One story building. In one story buildings the walls may be 8 inches thick, provided that no such wall exceeds 50 feet in length between cross-walls or adequate buttresses. (B. C., §35.) 6. Small residence buildings. In any residence building bearing walls of brick laid in Portland cement mortar may be 8 inches in thickness, provided such buildings are not more than 40 feet in height and that the 8-inch walls do not exceed 50 feet in length between cross-walls or adequate buttresses, except that when the walls are not pierced by openings of any kind such length may be 60 feet. (Amd. by ord. effective July 13, 1920.) 7. Residence buildings outside the fire limits. Outside of the fire limits the thicknesses of walls of hollow building blocks shall be not less than 8 inches for the uppermost 20 feet, 10 inches for the next lower 10 feet, and 12 inches for the next lower 10 feet. (B. C, §31.) 8. N on-bearing walls. The thicknesses of non-bearing walls of residence build- ings, or of public and business buildings may be 4 inches less than those specified, respectively, in subdivisions 2 and 3 of this section for walls of corresponding height, provided that no such walls shall be less than 12 inches thick nor extended for more than 55 feet in height without any increase of thickness. (B. C, §31.) 9. Curtain walls. Non-bearing walls built between piers or metal columns shall be not less than 12 inches thick for the uppermost 60 feet of height, increasing 4 inches in thickness for each next lower section of 60 feet. (B. C., §37.) 10. Walls oj skeleton structures. Masonry walls, supported at each story by girders, may be 12 inches thick for the entire height of the building. (B. C., §36.) 11. Interior walls, a. In residence buildings, interior walls of brick or concrete, whether bearing or non-bearing walls, may be 8 inches thick for the uppermost 55 feet and 12 inches for the next lower 20 feet, provided that no such wall shall exceed 75 feet in height nor 30 feet in length between cross-walls or buttresses. b. Interior walls over 75 feet in height may be reduced in thickness in such proportion to the number of cross-walls, piers or buttresses, and their nearness to each other, as may be deemed safe by the superintendent of buildings, provided, however, that such walls shall be not less than 12 inches thick at the top, and shall be gradually increased in thickness to the bottom. (B. C., §34.) §258. Existing walls. 1. When use is permitted without change. Walls heretofore built, whose thick- ness at the time of their erection was in accordance with the requirements of the then existing laws, but which are not in accordance with the requirements of this chapter, may be used without change, if in good condition, in buildings hereafter erected or altered, provided the stresses in the masonry do not exceed the working stresses pre- scribed by this chapter and the height of such walls be not increased except in so far as may be necessary to make the height uniform. (New.) 2. Lining walls. In case it is desired to use and increase the height of any existing wall which is less in thickness than required by this chapter, such wall shall be reinforced by a lining of brickwork so that the combined thickness with the old wall shall be not less than 4 inches more than the thickness required for a new wall corresponding with the total height of the wall when increased in height, provided that such lining shall not be used to a greater height than 40 feet and that such wall shall not be increased to exceed 75 feet in height. Such lining shall be supported on proper foundations, and shall be not less than 8 inches in thickness, and thoroughly 89 CHAP. 5, ART. 13, SECS. 259-262. anchored to the old wall with suitable anchors, placed 2 feet apart and properly fastened or driven into the old wall in rows, alternating vertically and horizontally with each other, the old wall being first cleaned of plaster or other coatings where any lining is to be built against the same. No wall, however, shall be lined unless in good condition and not until the approval of the superintendent of buildings has been given. (B. C., §39.) §259. Parapet walls. All exterior and division or party walls of masonry over 15 feet high, except in detached buildings with overhanging roofs, or where such walls are to be finished with cornices, gutters or crown mouldings, shall have parapet walls carried above the roof. For residence buildings parapet walls shall be not less than 8 inches thick and carried at least 2 feet above the roof, except that in party walls, be- tween buildings of the same height and not over 40 feet in height, such parapet shall be not less than 8 inches above the roof. For public and business buildings parapet walls shall be not less than 12 inches thick, and carried at least 3 feet above the roof. All parapet walls shall be coped with stone, terra cotta, concrete or cast iron. (B. C., §43. ) §260. Hollow walls. In all walls that are built hollow the same amount of hiasonry shall be used in their construction as if they were built solid, as in this chapter provided, and no hol- low wall shall be built unless the parts of same are connected by proper ties, either of brick, stone or iron, placed not over 24 inches apart. (B. C. §44.) §261. Recesses and chases. 1. Stairway and elevator recesses. Recesses for stairways or elevators may be left in the foundation walls of buildings, but in no case shall the walls be of less thickness than the walls of the fourth story, unless reinforced by additional piers with iron or steel girders, or iron or steel colums and girders, securely anchored to walls on each side. (B. C. §46.) 2. Alcoves. Recesses for alcoves and similar purposes shall have not less than 8 inches of brickwork at the back of such recesses and such recesses shall be not more than 8 feet in width, and shall be arched over or spanned with iron or steel lintels, and not carried up higher than 18 inches below the bottom of the beams of the floor next above. (B. C. §46.) 3. Pipe-chases. No chase for pipes or other purpose shall extend into any wall more than of its thickness. No horizontal chase in any wall shall exceed 4 feet in length. No chase shall be made within the required area of any pier. Chases shall not be cut in walls of hollow block construction, but may be provided by properly formed blocks. Chases shall be filled up with solid masonry within the floor thickness of each story. (B. C. §46.) 4. Limitations. The aggregate area of recesses and chases in any wall shall not exceed % of the whole area of the face of the wall on any story. No recess shall be made within a distance of 6 feet from any other recess in the same wail. (B. C. §46.) §262. Miscellaneous requirements. 1. Hollow brick. The inside 4 inches of walls may be built of hard-burn hol- low brick, properly tied and bonded into the walls and of the dimensions of ordinary bricks. (B. C. §45.) 2. Furring. Where hollow blocks of any kind are used as furring for walls, they shall not be included in the measurement ot the thickness of such walls. (B. C. §45.) 90 BUILDING CODE. 3. Fire stops. In all walls furred with wood, the brickwork between the ends of wood beams shall project the thickness of the furring beyond the inner face of the wall for the full depth of the beams. (B. C. §47.) §263. Masonry arches. All masonry arches shall be capable of sustaining the weight and pressure which they are to carry, and the stress at any point shall not exceed the working stresses prescribed by this chapter. Tie rods shall be used where necessary to resist the thrust. (B. C. §42.) ^ARTICLE 14. Wood Construction. Section 280. 281. 282. 283. 284. Wood beams and girders. Wood columns and posts. Bolting. Stud partitions. Fire stops. §280. Wood beams and girders. 1. Width of beams. No wood floor or roof beam used in any building hereafter erected within the fire limits shall be less than 3 inches thick. (B. C., §59.) 2. Supports. Every wood beam, except header and tail beams, shall have bearings of at least 4 inches. The ends of all such beams, where they rest on brick walls, shall be cut to a bevel of 3 inches in their depth. In no case, except in frame buildings, shall either end of a floor or roof beam be supported on stud partitions. All wood trimmer, header and tail beams over 4 feet in length, unless supported on a wall or girder, shall be hung in approved metal stirrups or hangers. (B. C., §59.) 3. Bridging. All wood floor and roof beams shall be properly braced with cross bridging. The distance between bridging or between bridging and bearing shall not exceed 8 feet. (B. C., §59.) 4. Anchoring, a. Beams in walls. Each tier of beams shall be anchored to the walls, at intervals of not more than 6 feet, with approved steel or wrought iron anchors. (B. C., §60.) b. Beams on girders. The ends of wood beams resting upon girders shall be butted end to end and strapped by steel or wrought iron straps in the same beam as the wall anchors, or they may lap each other at least 12 inches and be well spiked or bolted together where lapped. (B. C., §60.) c. Girders. Wood girders shall be anchored to the walls and fastened to each other by suitable steel or wrought iron straps. (B. C., §59.) d. Anchor strips. Each tier of wood beams running parallel to enclosing walls shall be anchored to such walls with approved anchor strips and similarly to every pier. (B. C., §60.) 5. Fire prevention, a. Trimming around flues. All wood beams shall be trimmed away from all flues and chimneys. The header and trimmer beams shall not be less than 4 inches from the outside face of the chimney. Any header beam supporting a trimmer arch in front of a fireplace shall be not less than 20 inches from the face of the chimney breast. (B. C. §59.) b. Separation in walls. Every wooden beam in any masonry or fire wall shall be separated from any other beam in the wall by at least 4 inches of solid masonry. (B. C., §59.) §281. Wood columns and posts. All wood columns and posts shall be squared at the ends perpendicular to their axes, and cap and base plates shall be provided. Where the cap plate of a wood column *As amended by ord. adopted Apr. 20, 1915, effective May 1, 1915. 91 CHAP. 5, ARTS. 14, 15, SECS. 282-300. or post supports a wood girder, any column above shall bear directly on the cap and shall not rest on the girder. Additional iron or steel cheek plates shall be placed between the cap and base plates and bolted to the girders, when required to transmit the loads with safety. (B. C, §61.) §282. Bolting. All bolts in wood construction shall be provided with washers of such proportions that the compression on the wood at the face of the washer will not exceed the working stresses prescribed in this chapter. (B. C., §63.) §283. Stud partitions. Stud partitions which rest directly over each other and are not parallel with wood floor beams shall run down between the wood floor beams and rest on the top plate of the partition below and shall have the studding filled in solid between the uprights to the depth of the floor beams with suitable incombustible materials. (B. C., §51.) §284. Fire stops. 1. Studded-off spaces. Where walls aie studded-off, the space between the inside face of the wall and the studding directly over such space shall be fire-stopped with fireproof material, for a depth of not less than 4 inches, securely supported; or the beams directly over the studded-off space shall be deafened with not less than 4 inches of fireproof material. (B. C, §71.) 2. Wainscoting. The surface of the wall or partition behind wainscoting shall be plastered flush with the grounds and down to the floor line. (B. C., §72.) ^'ARTICLE 15. Iron and Steel Construction. Section 300. Cast-iron columns. 301. Steel columns 302 Column bases. 303. Lintels, beams and girders. 304. Framing and connecting. 305. Trusses. 306. Riveting. 307. Bolting. 308. Tie rods. 309. Templates. 310. Protection against corrosion. 311. Protection against fire. 312. Metal fronts. 313. Use of old materials. §300. Cast-iron columns. 1. Dimensions. Cast-iron columns shall not have a smaller outside diameter or side than 5 inches, nor shall they have an unsupported length greater than that allowed by §52 of this chapter. (B. C., §112.) 2. Thickenss of metal. The thickness of metal shall be not less than 1/12 the diameter or least dimension of cross section, but never less than ^4 of an inch. When necessary, the thickness shall be increased near the end so that the core of a column below a joint shall not be larger than the (ore of the column above, in which case the metal may be tapered down for a distance of not less than 6 inches; or a joint plate may be inserted of sufficient strength to distribute the load. Wherever the core of a cast-iron column has shifted more than ^4 the thickness of the shell, the thick- *Amended by ord. adopted Apr. 20, 1915, effective May 1, 1915. 92 BUILDING CODE. ness of the metal all around shall be assumed equal to the thinnest part. (B. C., §112.) 3. Workmanship, a. Joints. Cast-iron columns shall be machine faced at the end to a true surface perpendicular to the axis. They shall be bolted together with at least 4 bolts, not less than of an inch in diameter, passing through the flanges, the bolts being of sufficient length to allow the nuts to be screwed up tightly; and as each column is placed in position, the bolts shall also be placed in position and the nuts shall be screwed up tightly. (B. C., §112.) b. Flanges. Where cast-iron columns rest one on top of another, the top flange of the lower column shall project on all sides not less than 3 inches from the outer surfaces of the column, and the shape and dimensions of the bottom flange of the upper column shall be the same as those of the top flange of the lower column, except that when a column is placed on a lot line, the flanges on the side toward such lot line may be omitted, if not required for bolting. Flanges shall be at least 1 inch in thickness when finished, and reinforced by fillets and brackets when necessary. (B. C, §112.) c. Bolt holes. All holes in cast-iron columns shall be drilled. The diameter of the holes shall not exceed that of the bolts by more than 1-16 of an inch. (B. C., § 112 .) 4. Limitation. Cast-iron columns shall not be used in any case where the load is so eccentric as to cause tension in the cast iron. Nor shall they be used for such parts of the structural frame of buildings which are required to resist stress due to wind. (B. C, §112.) 5. Inspection. No cast-iron column shall be set in place until it has passed an inspection satisfactory to the superintendent of buildings. Wherever blowholes or imperfections are found in a cast-iron column, which reduce the area of the cross section at that point more than 10 per cent., such column shall be condemned. Cast-iron column not cast with one open side or back, shall have Y inch holes drilled in the shaft to exhibit the thickness of the castings, as may be required by the superintendent of buildings. Cast-iron columns shall not be painted before inspection. (B. C., §112.) §301. Steel columns. 1. Length. No steel column shall have an unsupported length greater than that allowed by §52 of this chapter. (B. C., §111.) 2. Design. No part of a steel column shall be less than Y of an inch thick. No material, whether in the body of the column or used as a lattice bar or stay plate, shall be used of less thickness than 1/32 of its unsupported width, measured between centers of rivets transversely, or 1/16 the distance between centers of rivets in the direction of the stress. Stay plates are to have not less than 4 rivets, and are to be spaced so that the ratio of length to the least radius of gyration of the parts con- nected does not exceed 40, the distance between nearest rivets of 2 stay plates in this case being considered as length. In built-up columns the thickness of any outstanding member shall not be less than 1/12 the width of the outstanding portion. (B. C., § 111 -) 3. Joints. The ends of all columns shall be faced to a plane surface at right angles to the axis of the columns. Wherever practicable the connection between them shall be made with splice plates. When splice plates cannot be used a connection formed of plates and angles, designed properly to distribute the stress, may be used. Where any part of the section of a column projects beyond that of the column above or below, the difference shall be made up by filling plates secured to the column by the proper number of rivets. All column connections shall be riveted. (B. C., §111.) §302. Column bases. Whenever necessary to properly distribute the load, iron or steel shoes shall be used under the bottom tier of columns. Cast iron bases or shoes shall be not less than 93 CHAP. 5, ART. 15, SECS. 303-305. 1 inch thick in any part. If any side of the bed plate exceeds 3 feet in length, a reinforcing flange at least 4 inches high shall be provided around the outer edges. All cast iron bases or shoes shall be planed on top, and, when resting on steel girders, on both top and bottom. Bases or shoes of steel plates and shapes shall be designed to meet the requirements of §301 of this chapter. Nothing in this section shall pre- vent iron or steel bases being made as a part of the columns. (B. C., §112.) §303. Lintels, beams and girders. 1. Cast-iron lintels. Cast-iron lintels shall not be less than 34 of an inch in thickness at any point, and shall not be used for spans exceeding 6 feet. (B. C., §118.) 2. Double beams as girders. When rolled steel beams are used in pairs to form a girder, they shall be connected together by separators at intervals of not more than 5 feet. All beams 12 inches and over in depth shall have at least 2 bolts to each separator. (B. C., §117.) 3. Riveted girders. The thickness of the web in riveted girders shall be not less than 1/120 of the distance between flange angles, and in no case less than J4 of an inch. If the unsupported depth of the web plate exceeds 60 times its thickness, stiffeners shall be used at intervals not exceeding 120 times the thickness of the web. Stiffeners of sufficient strength shall also be provided over supports and under concentrated loads. (B. C., §116.) 4. Lateral bracing. The compression flanges of steel beams and girders shall be secured against bucking, if the length exceeds 20 times their width, unless the working stresses in such flanges are proportioned to the ratio of length to width as provided for steel columns in §52 of this chapter. (B. C., §116.) §304. Framing and connecting. All columns, beams, trusses and all other iron or steel work shall be suitably framed and connected together and to the walls. All beams framed into and supported by other beams or girders shall be connected thereto by angles or knees of a proper size and thickness, with sufficient bolts or rivets to transmit the entire load, or by seats of sufficient strength and the necessary angles or knees to hold the beam in place. Beams resting on girders shall be securelv riveted or bolted to the same. (B. G, §122.) §305. Trusses. 1. General design. Trusses shall be of such design that the stresses in each mem- ber can be calculated. (B. C, §125.) 2. Lateral bracing. All trusses shall be held rightly in position by efficient svs- tems of lateral or sway bracing. (B. C., §125.) 3. Tension members. For tension members, the actual net area only, after deducting rivet holes % inch larger than the rivets, shall be considered as resisting the stress. (B. C, §126.) 4. Compression members. Compression members in pin-connected trusses shall be designed so that the stresses shall not exceed 75 per cent, of the permissible working stresses for columns. (B. C., §127.) 5. Eye bars. The heads of all eye bars shall be made by upsetting or forging. No weld will be allowed in the body of the bar. Steel eye bars shall be annealed. Bars shall be straight before boring. Eyes and screw ends shall be so proportioned that upon test to destruction, fracture will take place in the body of the member. (B. C., §127.) 6 Pins. All pins shall be accurately turned. All pin-holes shall be bored true and at right angles to the axis of the members, and must fit the pins within 1/32 of an inch. (B. C., §127.1 94 BUILDING CODE. §306. Riveting. 1. When required. All component parts of built-up columns, gir Jers and trusses, including any splices in the same, shall be riveted. (B. C., §127.) 2. Spacing of rivets. The pitch of rivets shall never be less than 3 diameters of the rivet, nor more than 6 inches. In the direction of the stress it shall not ex- ceed 16 times the least thickness of the outside member. At right angles to the stress it shall not exceed 32 times the least thickness of the outside member. (B. C., §123.) 3. Distance from edge. The distance from centre of a rivet hole to the edge of the material shall not be less than : 54 of an inch for J^-inch rivets ; 1 inch for 54-inch* rivets ; 1^4 inches for Y-'mch rivets; \ l / 2 inches for 54-inch rivets; 154 inches for 1-inch rivets. (B. C., §123.) 4. Length. The lengths of rivets, between heads, shall not exceed 5 times the diameters. (B. C., §123.) 5. Driving. All shop rivets, wherever practicable, shall be machine driven. Rivets shall fill the holes completely. Rivet heads shall be hemispherical and concentric with the axis of the rivet. (B. C., §123.) §307. Bolting. 1. When permitted. Where riveting is not required by the provisions of this chapter connections may be affected by bolts of mild steel, with United States standard threads. The threads shall be full and clean, the nut shall be truly concentric with the bolt, and the thread shall be of sufficient length to allow the nut to be screwed up tightly. (B. C., §124.) 2. Suspenders. When the bolts are used for suspenders, the working stress shall be reduced to 9,000 pounds per square inch of net area, and the load shall be trans- mitted into the head or nut by suitable washers. (B. C., §124.) §308. Tie rods. Whenever tie rods may be required by the provisions of this chapter, in connec- tion with iron and steel construction, they shall be at least 54 of an inch in diameter. Holes for tie rods in floor arches shall be placed as near the thrust of the arch as practicable. The distance between tie rods in floors or roofs shall not exceed 8 times the depth of the beams nor 8 feet in any case. (B. C., §120 ) §309. Templates. When any lintel, beam, girder or truss is supported at either end by a wall or pier, it shall be properly anchored thereto and shall rest upon a template or shoe of cast iron, steel or stone of such design and dimensions as safely to distribute its load on the masonry, except that when beams, not exceeding 6 inches in depth, are placed not more than 30 inches on centres, no templates shall be required. (B. C. t § 121 .) §310. Protection against corrosion. 1. Painting. All structural iron and steel work shall be cleaned of all scale, dirt and rust and be thoroughly coated with 1 coat of paint before erection, ex- cept that cast iron columns shall not be painted until after inspection. Where surfaces in riveted work come in contact, they shall be painted before assembling. After erec- tion, all work shall be painted a least 1 additional coat of a different shade than the first. (B. C, §129.) 2. Subaqueous work. All iron or steel used under water shall be encased in concrete. (B. C., §129.) 95 CHAP. 5, ARTS. 15-16, SECS. 311-331. §311. Protection against fire. Any iron or steel construction hereafter placed in any building to support a -wall or part thereof or a sidewalk, shall be protected with not less than 2 inches of fireproof material securely applied, except that in non-fireproof buildings such pro- tection shall not be required for columns immediately above the sidewalk level sup- porting walls fronting on streets. (B. C., §107.) §312. Metal fronts. Metal fronts or facias hereafter erected on the exterior of buildings over one story high shall be backed up or filled in with masonry not less than 8 inches thick. (B. C., §128.) §313. Use of old materials. Nothing in this article shall prevent the use of old steel or wrought iron shapes, provided that the working stresses used do not exceed Y\ of those specified in this chapter for steel, and that the provisions of this article are otherwise complied with. Nothing in this article shall require any alteration in any iron or steel construction already fabricated under the requirements of provisions heretofore in force. (Includes §3 of Ord. approved May 1, 1915.) ^ARTICLE 16. Reinforced Concrete Construction. Section 330. Definitions. 331. Application 332. Concrete. 333. Reinforcement 334. Working stresses. 335. Slabs and beams. 336. Use cf fillers in floor construction. 337. Columns. 338. Walls. 339. Protection of reinforcement. 340. Load tests. 341. Rules. 10. Definitions. For the purposes of this article : a — reinforced concrete means any construction, in accordance with the provisions of this article, of approved concrete in which steel is imbedded in such a manner as to increase its strength; b — the span of beams and slabs means the distance from centre to centre of sup- ports, but not necessarily exceeding the clear span plus the depth of beam of slab, provided that brackets shall not be considered as reducing the clear span; c — the length of columns means the maximum unsupported length; d — the effective area of a concrete column with lateral reinforcement means the area of concrete within the hoops or bands §331. Application. Reinforced concrete may be used for all types of construction, provided the ma- terial and design conform to the requirements of this article and such rules as may be adopted by the superintendent of buildings to secure safety in construction and uniformity in practice. (New.) ♦Added by ord. adopted July 6, 1915: effective October 6. 1915. 96 BUILDING CODE. §332. Concrete. 1. Mixture. The concrete for reinforced concrete structures shall consist of a wet mixture of 1 part of Portland cement to not more than 6 parts of aggre- gate, fine and coarse, either in the proportion of 1 part of cement, 2 parts of fine aggregate and 4 parts of coarse aggregate, or in such proportion that the resistance of the concrete to crushing shall not be less than 2.000 pounds per square inch after hardening for 28 days. 2. Aggregate, a — Fine. Fine aggregate shall consist of sand, crushed stone or gravel screenings, passing when dry a screen having Y inch diameter holes, and not more than 6 per cent, passing a sieve having 100 meshes per lineal inch, and of such quality that mortars composed of 1 part Portland cement and 3 parts fine aggregate by weight when made into briquettes will show a tensile strength of at least 240 pounds per square inch at 28 days. b — Coarse. Coarse aggregate shall consist of crushed stone or gravel which is retained on a screen having inch diameter holes and graded in size from small to large particles. The maximum size shall be such that all the aggregate will pass through a inch diameter ring. All aggregate shall be clean, hard, durable and free from deleterious materials. (New.) §333. Reinforcement. The steel reinforcement shall conform to such requirements as may be adopted by the superintendent of buildings, or, in the absence of such requirements, to the standard specifications of the American Society for Testing Materials for steel rein- forcement bars. Nothing herein contained shall prevent the use of steel wire or fabric for the reinforcement of slabs, for lateral reinforcement of columns, or for resistance to shrinkage and temperature stresses. (New.) §334. Working stresses. Reinforced concrete structures shall be so designated that the stresses in pounds per square inch shall not exceed the following : Extreme fibre stress on concrete in compression 650, Concrete in direct compression 500, Shearing stress in concrete when all diagonal tension is resisted by steel 150, Shearing stress in concrete when diagonal tension is not resisted by steel 40, Bond stress between concrete and plain reinforcement 80, Bond stress between concrete and appioved deformed bars 100, Tensile stress in steel reinforcement 16,000, Tensile stress in cold drawn steel wire or fabric, 35 per cent, or the elastic limit but not more than 20,000, In continuous beams the extreme fibre stress on concrete in compression may be increased 15 per cent, adjacent to supports. The ratio of the moduli of elasticity of 1 :2 :4 stone or gravel concrete and steel shall be taken as 1 to 15. The ratio of the moduli of elasticity of 1:1/2 :3 stone or gravel concrete and steel shall be taken as 1 to 12. (New.) §335. Slabs and beams. 1. Thickness. Slabs shall not be less than 4 inches in thickness for floors and 2> l / 2 inches for roofs. 2. Tee-beams. Where adequate bond between slab and web of beam is provided, the slab may be considered as an integral part of the beam, provided its effective width shall not exceed on either side of the beam 1/6 of the span length of the beam nor be greater than 6 times the thickness of the slab on either side of the beam, the measurements being taken from edge of web. (New.) 3. Placing of reinforcement. All reinforcement shall be accurately located and 97 CHAP. 5, ART. 16, SECS. 336, 337. secured against displacement. The reinforcement for slabs shall not be spaced farther apart than 2y 2 times the thickness of the slab. (New.) 4. Web reinforcement. Members of web reinforcement shall be so designed as adequately to take up throughout their length all stresses not taken up by the concrete. They shall not be spaced to exceed Y of the depth of the beam in that portion, where the web stresses exceed the allowable value of concrete in shear. Web reinforcement, unless rigidly attached, shall be placed at right angles to the axis of the beam and carried around the tension members. (New.) §336. Use of fillers in floor construction. When hollow tile, concrete blocks or other acceptable fillers are used in any rein- forced concrete floor construction, the reinforced concrete members of such floor construction shall be designed in accordance with the provisions of this article to take the entire loads, provided, however, that when the fillers do not exceed 60 per cent, of the construction, not more than 2y 2 inches of concrete shall be required over the fillers. (New.) §337. Columns. 1. With longitudinal reinforcement only. In concrete columns, having not less than y 2 nor more than 4 per cent, of the vertical reinforcement secured against dis- placement by % inch steel ties placed not farther apart than 15 diameters of the vertical rods nor more than 12 inches, the allowable load shall be 500 pounds per square inch on the concrete, plus 7,500 pounds on the vertical reinforcements. (New.) 2. With longitudinal and lateral reinforcement. In concrete columns, having not less than y 2 nor more than 2 per cent, of hoops or spirals, spaced not farther apart than 1/6 of the diameter of the enclosed column nor more than 3 inches, and having not less than 1 nor more than 4 per cent, of vertical reinforcement, the allowable load shall be 500 pounds per square inch on the effective area of the concrete, plus 7,500 pounds per square inch on the vertical reinforcement, plus a load per square inch on the effective area of the concrete equal to 2 times the percentage of lateral reinforcement multiplied by the tensile stress in the lateral reinforcement prescribed by §334 of this article, the percentage of lateral reinforcement being the volume of the hoops or spirals divided by the volume of the enclosed concrete in a unit length of column. The hoops or spirals shall be rigidly secured to at least 4 verticals to insure uniform spacing. (New.) 3. Structural steel and concrete. In columns of structural steel, thoroughly en- cased in concrete not less than 4 inches thick and reinforced with not less than 1 per cent, of steel, the allowable load shall be 16,000 pounds per square inch on the structural steel, the percentage of reinforcement being the volume of the reinforcing steel divided by the volume of the concrete enclosed by the reinforcing steel. Not more than y 2 of the reinforcing steel shall be placed vertically. The reinforcing steel shall not be placed nearer than 1 inch to the structural steel or to the outer surface of the concrete. The ratio of length to least radius of gyration of structural steel section shall not exceed 120. (New.) 4. When richer concrete is used. In concrete columns the compression on the concrete may be increased 20 per cent, when the fine and coarse aggregates are carefully selected and the proportion of cement to total aggregate is increased to 1 part of cement to not more than 4J4 parts of aggregate, fine and coarse, either in the proportion of 1 part of cement, iy> parts of fine aggregate and three parts of coarse aggregate, or in such proportion as will secure the maximum density. In such cases, however, the compressive stress in the vertical steel shall not exceed 7,200 pounds per square inch. (New.) 98 BUILDING CODE. 5. Eccentric load. Bending stresses due to eccentric loads shall be provided for, by increasing the section of concrete or steel until the maximum stress shall not exceed the allowable working stress. (New.) 6. Length. In columns, the ratio of length to least side or diameter shall not exceed 15, but in no case shall the least side or diameter be less than 12 inches. (New.) §338. Walls. Enclosure walls of reinforced concrete shall be securely anchored at all floors. The thickness shall be not less than 1/25 of the unsupported height, but in no case less than 8 inches. The steel reinforcement, running both horizontally and vertically, shall be placed near both faces of the wall; the total weight of such reinforcement shall be not less than y 2 pound per square foot of wall. (New.) §339. Protection of reinforcement. The reinforcement in columns and girders shall be protected by a minimum of 2 inches of concrete; in beams and walls by a minimum of 1 l / 2 inches in floor slabs by a minimum of 1 inch ; and in footings by a minimum of 4 inches of concrete. (New.) §340. Load tests. The builder may be required to make load tests on any portion of a reinforced concrete structure within a reasonable time after erection. The tests shall be made under the direction of the superintendent of buildings, and shall show that the con- struction will sustain safely a load of 1 Y\ times the live load for which it was designed. (New.) §341. Rules. The rules governing reinforced concrete in. building construction, heretofore are consistent with the adopted by the superintendent of buildings, so far as they provisions of this article, shall remain effective until amended intendent of buildings. (New.) ^ARTICLE 17. t Section 3o0. Fireproof Construction. Walls. 351. Iron and steel construction. 352. Masonry. 353. Reinforced concrete. 354. Floors and roofs. 355. Partitions. 356. Interior finish. 357. Exterior windows. 358. Approvals. §350. Walls. The exterior walls or piers of fireproof buildings shall be approved masonry or reinforced concrete. (B. C., §105.) §351. Iron and steel construction. 1. General. All metal structural members which support loads or resist stresses, in fireproof buildings, shall be entirely encased in fireproofing material securely applied as hereinafter specified. (B. C., §107.) 2. Columns, a. In exterior walls. Iron or steel columns placed within exterior walls or along the outer lines of a building shall be encased with approved masonry ♦Amended by ordinance adopted July 6, 1915; effective October 6, 1915. 99 CHAP. 5, ART. 17, SEC. 351. not less than 8 inches thick on their outer and side surfaces, nor less than 4 inches thick on their inner surfaces. b. Interior. Iron and steel columns used in the interior of a building shall be encased in all sides with fireproofing materials not less than 2 inches thick. c. Lugs and brackets. The extreme outer edges of lugs, brackets or other sup- porting parts of columns shall not extend nearer than 1 inch to the outer surface of the fireproof casing. d. Protection to fireproofing. Where the fireproofing of columns is exposed to damage from trucking or handling of merchandise, the superintendent of buildings may require such fireproofing to be jacketed for a height of 3 feet from the floor with a protective covering. (B. C., §110.) 3. Beams and girders. Iron or steel beams and girders shall be entirely encased in fireproofing materials not less than 2 inches thick at any point when supporting a wall or part thereof or a sidewalk, and not less than 1 1 / 2 inches thick in any case. (B. C., §107.) 4. Lintels, a. Iron or steel. Iron or steel lintels over openings in walls shall be encased as required for beams, provided that when the span of any such opening does not exceed 4 feet or such opening is spanned by an adequate masonry arch above the lintel the fireproofing may be omitted. b. Stone. Stone lintels shall not be used in fireproof buildings unless supple- mented on the inside of the wall with iron or steel lintels, or with suitable masonry arches. (New.) 5. Trusses, a. General. All members of steel trusses, except roof trusses hereinafter specified, shall be entirely encased in fireproofing materials not less than 2 inches thick at any point. b. Roof trusses. The fireproofing herein required for trusses may be omitted when such trusses support only roof loads and ceilings over interior open spaces hav- ing a clear height of at least 20 feet below the lower chords of the trusses. In such cases the fireproofing may also be omitted from the soffits of roof beams or purlins. (New.) 6. Fireproofing materials. The fireproofing required by this section shall consist of any of the following materials : a. Bonded brickwork laid in cement mortar ; b. Concrete consisting of 1 part Portland cement, and not more than 2 parts of sand and 4 parts of gravel, stone or other approved aggregate that will pass through a inch ring, suitably reinforced with wire or metal fabric; c. Cinder concrete consisting of 1 part Portland cement and not more than 2 parts of sand and 5 parts of clean, well-burned steam boiler cinders, suitably rein- forced with wire or metal fabric; d. Porous or semi-porous terra cotta blocks with shells and webs at least 1 inch thick, laid in cement mortar, thoroughly bonded or secured by metal ties; e. Solid gypsum blocks, containing not more than 25 per cent, by weight of cinders, asbestos fibre, wood chips or vegetable fibre, laid in gypsum plaster or cement mortar, thoroughly bonded or secured by suitable galvanized metal ties or fabric; or f. Any material or form of construction that will resist the action of flame and a heat of 1,700 degrees Fahrenheit for at least 2 hours, without raising the tempera- ture of the material to be protected above 550 degrees Fahrenheit by transmission through a thickness of 2 inches, as determined by test prescribed in the rules adopted by the superintendent of buildings. (New.) 7. Prohibition. No pipes, wires, cables or other material shall be embedded in the required fireproofing of columns or other structural members. (New.) 100 BUILDING CODE. §352. Masonry. Interior walls, piers, arches and vaultings that support loads in addition to their own weight in fireproof buildings shall be constructed of approved masonry, except that stone masonry shall not be used for such purpose, or for columns or lintels unless supplemented by other approved masonry or by properly protected iron or steel construction. (B. C., §105.) §353. Reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete construction conforming with the requirements of article 16 of this chapter shall be deemed fireproof construction. (New.) §354. Floors and roofs. 1. General. The filling between steel floors and roof beams in fireproof build- ings shall consist of arches or slabs of brick, terra cotta, stone concrete or cinder concrete, constructed as hereinafter specified, or of such other material or construc- tion as may be approved by the superintendent of buildings as conforming to the re- quirements of the fire and strength tests hereinafter prescribed. (B. C., §106.) 2. Brick arches. When brick is used as floor filling it shall consist of segmental arches having a thickness of not less than 4 inches for spans of 5 feet or less, and of not less than 8 inches for spans exceeding 5 feet. Such arches shall be built of good, hard common or hollow brick, laid to a line and solidly bonded. Each longi- tudinal line of brick shall break joints with the adjoining lines. The arches shall spring from suitable skewbacks, and shall be properly keyed. The rise shall be not less than 1 inch for each foot of span. The brick shall be well wet before laying, and the joints filled solid with cement mortar. (B. C., §106.) 3. Terra cotta arches, a. Material. When terra cotta is used as floor filling it shall consist of hollow blocks, either hard burned or semi-porous, of uniform density and hardness. The thickness of shells and webs of each block shall be not less than §4 of an inch. Interior vertical and horizontal webs of arch blocks shall not be spaced more than 4 inches apart. The skewbacks shall be of such form and section as to accurately fit the beams and properly receive the thrust of the arches. The arch blocks shall be laid in cement mortar and properly keyed. b. Segmental arches. When terra cotta filling is segmental in form the blocks shall be not less than 6 inches in depth, with at least 2 cellular spaces in such depth. The rise of such arches shall be not less than 1 inch for each foot of span. c. Flat arches. When terra cotta filling is in the form of flat arches, the depth of the blocks, unless reinforced with steel, shall be not less than \ l / 2 inches for each foot of span between the steel beams, exclusive of the portion of the block projecting below the underside of the beams. d. Strength of terra cotta arches. Terra cotta filling shall be so designed that it will safely sustain the superimposed loads by increasing so far as may be necessary the depth and the thickness of shells and webs of the blocks. When such filling is reinforced by wire fabric, steel rods or other steel shapes, thoroughly embedded in Portland cement mortar and bonded to the terra cotta, the strength of the construc- tion may be determined by accepted engineering formulae. For the purposes of this section, the working stresses, in pounds per square inch, shall be taken at 500 for terra cotta in compression, 16,000 for steel in tension, and 100 for bond between steel and mortar and between terra cotta and mortar. (B. C. §106.) 4. Concrete floor arches, a. Material. When concrete is used as floor filling it shall consist of 1 part of Portland cement, and not more than 2 parts of sand and 5 parts of stone, gravel or cinders, reinforced in the case of slab construction with steel as herein provided. The stone or gravel shall be as required for reinforced concrete in article 16 of this chapter. Cinders shall be clean, well burned steam boiler cinders. 101 CHAP. 5, ART. 17, SEC. 354. b. Reinforcement. When reinforcement is required it shall consist of steel rods or other suitable shapes, or steel fabric. The tensional reinforcement in any case shall be not less than 12/100 per cent, in the case of cold drawn steel fabric, nor less than 25/100 per cent, in the case of other forms, the percentage being based on the sectional area of slab above the centre of the reinforcement. The centre of the rein- forcement shall be at least 1 inch above the bottom of the slab, but in no case shall any part of the reinforcement come within of an inch from the bottom of the slab. v c. Segmental form. When the concrete floor filling is used in the form of segmental arches, the thickness shall be at least 4 inches at the crown. Such arches shall have a rise of not less than 1 inch for each foot of span. d. Flat construction. When the concrete floor filling is in the form of slabs the thickness shall be not less than 4 inches, except as otherwise provided in this article for special roof construction. e. Strength of concrete slabs. In determining the safe carrying capacities of concrete slab floor fillings, the gross load in pounds per square foot of floor surface shall not exceed the product of the depth in inches of the reinforcement below the top of the slab, by the cross-sectional area in square inches per foot of width of the tensional steel, divided by the square of the span in feet, all multiplied by the follow- ing co-efficients when cinder concrete is used, 14,000 if the reinforcement is not continuous over the supports, 18,000 if the reinforcement consists of rods or other shapes securely hooked over or attached to the supports, and 26,000 if the reinforce- ment consists of steel fabric continuous over the supports, and, when stone con- crete is used, 16,000, 20,000 and 30,000, respectively. In determining the safe carrying capacities of concrete floor fillings segmental in form, the compressive stress in pounds per square inch in the concrete .shall not exceed 300 for cinder concrete or 500 for stone concrete. Nothing in this section shall prevent the determination of the safe carrying capacity of any form of concrete floor filling approved as fireproof under the pro- visions of this article, by the usual methods of calculation, provided the stresses used, in pounds per square inch, shall not exceed 300 for cinder concrete in compression, 16,000 for steel in tension, and 50 for bond between cinder concrete and steel, or in the case of stone concrete, the values fixed by article 16. (B. C. §106.) 5. Test of floor fillings, a. Fire tests. In testing the fireproof qualities of any floor filling, at least 1 panel of the proposed maximum span, carrying a live load of at least 150 pounds 'p er square foot, shall be subjected to a fire continuous for 4 hours at an average temperature of 1700 degrees Fahrenheit, followed by an appli- cation for not less than 10 minutes of a hose stream from a 1% inch nozzle at 60 pounds nozzle pressure, without appreciable deterioration or the passage of flame through the floor during the test- b. Load tests. When the strength of any floor filling cannot be determined by the methods prescribed in this section or by the application of accepted engineering formulae the safe uniformity distributed carrying capacity shall be taken as % of the total load causing failure in a full-sized construction with the load applied at 2 points each at l /z of the span from the ends of the span. (B. C., §106.) 6. Special roof construction. For mansards and dormers, roofs of bulkheads and roofs having a pitch of more than 30 degrees with the horizontal, blocks of terra cotta, stone or cinder concrete, or gypsum containing not more than 25 per cent, by weight of cinders, asbestos fibre, wood chips or vegetable fibre, not less than 2 inches thick, resting on steel shapes spaced not more than 1 foot for each inch of thickness in the block may be used instead of the construction prescribed in this section for floors and roofs. (New.) 102 BUILDING CODE. 7. Tie rods ■ The supporting beams in fireproof floors and roofs shall be tied together by steel tie rods of proper size, spacing and location, within the limitations fixed by §308 of this chapter, provided that when the floor filling is in the form of reinforced slabs and the reinforcement is continuous over the supports or securely attached to the same tie rods may be omitted. (B, C. §106.) 8. Span of floor filling. In fireproof buildings the span of any floor filling shall not exceed 8 feet, except when reinforced concrete or reinforced terra cotta is used. (New.) 9. Top filling. In fireproof buildings the space between the floor filling and the flooring shall be filled with concrete, consisting of 1 part of cement and not more than 10 parts of cinders, or with other incombustible material approved by the rules of the superintendent of buildings. (B. C., §106.) 10. Cutting floors. After the floor filling is completed, no opening greater than 2 square feet shall be cut through said floors unless suitable metal framing or rein- forcing is provided around the opening. When pipes or conduits pass through floor filling the openings around the same shall be filled in solidly with fireproof material unless approved close fitting individual sleeves, with the space around the sleeves filled solidly with incombustible material are provided. (B. C., §106.) §355. Partitions. 1. Materials. Except as otherwise provided in this section or in article 18 of this chapter, partitions hereafter erected in fireproof buildings shall be constructed of the materials and in the manner herein specified: a. Brick in cement mortar ; b. Concrete, consisting of 1 part Portland cement and not more than 3 parts of sand and 6 parts of stone or gravel, not less than 3 inches thick if properly reinforced with steel, nor less than 4 inches thick otherwise ; c. Cinder concrete, consisting of 1 part Portland cement and not more than 3 parts of sand and 6 parts of cinders, not less than 4 inches thick if properly rein- forced with steel, nor less than 5 inches thick otherwise ; d. Hollow terra cotta blocks, laid in cement mortar, not less than 3 inches thick; e. Hollow concrete blocks, of either stone or cinder concrete, laid in cement mortar, not less than 3 inches thick; f. Solid or hollow blocks consisting of gpysum containing not more than 25 per cent, by weight of cinders, asbestos fibre, wood chips or vegetable fibre, laid in gypsum plaster or cement mortar tempered with lime, not less than 3 inches thick; g. Metal lath on a steel studding covered with Portland cement mortar or gyp- sum plaster, of a finished thickness of not less than 2 inches in the case of solid partitions^ nor less than 3 inches in the case of hollow partitions; or h. Any material or form of construction that may be approved by the super- intendent of buildings as conforming to the requirements of the fire test hereinafter prescribed. But nothing in this section shall prevent the erection, in the discretion of the superintendent of buildings, of partitions of pressed metal and glass or of temporary partitions of wood and glass within rooms or spaces enclosed by fireproof partitions or walls. (New.) 2. Construction. Unless built as approved masonry walls, partitions in fireproof buildings shall be independently supported at each floor. They shall be keyed, or otherwise securely fastened to the ceilings, and, when necessary, shall be stiffened with suitable steel uprights securely fastened to floor and ceiling. Partitions enclos- ing hallways or toilet rooms and other permanent partitions shall not rest on wood flooring but shall start on the fireproof construction of the floor. (New.) 3. Tests of fireproof partitions. In testing the fireproof qualities of any par- 103 CHAP . 5, ART. 17, SECS. 356-358. tition construction, a vertical panel not less than 14 feet long and 9 feet high shall be subjected to a fire continuous for not less than 1 hour at an average temperature of 1700 degrees Fahrenheit during the latter half hour, followed by an application for not less than 2 y 2 minutes of a hose stream from a 1 % inch nozzle at 30 pounds nozzle pressure, without the passage of flame during the test. (New.) §356. Interior finish. 1. General restrictions. Except as hereinafter otherwise permitted no woodwork or other combustible material shall be used in the floors, ceilings, partitions, furrings or other interior finish of fireproof buildings. 2. Woodwork permitted, a. Floor sleepers, door bucks and grounds may be of wood provided that they are not exposed on any side; but this shall not permit the use of anything but metal lath, metal furrings or forms of metal in ceilings or in orna- mental plastering work. b. When the height of the building does not exceed 150 feet the doors and windows and their frames, the trim, casings and other interior finish when filled solid at the back with fireproof material, and the flooring may be of wood. (Ib C., §105.) 3. Restrictions in buildings over 150 feet high. When the height of the building exceeds 150 feet: a. The flooring shall be of incombustible material, or of fireproof wood, provided that in public halls and stairways no wood of any kind, except for handrails, shall be used ; b. The inside window frames and sash, doors, trim and other interior finish shall be of metal or wood covered with metal, or of fireproofed wood, or of any incom- bustible materials or any combination of materials that will show a fire resistance not less than that of a fireproofed wood. 4. Fireproofed wood. The superintendent of buildings shall adopt rules prescrib- ing the tests to which fireproofed wood and incombustible materials or any combina- tion of materials shall be subjected. Such rules shall also provide for the inspection of the materials, to insure the installation of tested and approved materials only. No wood or other material required to be tested, shall hereafter be placed in any building exceeding 150 feet in height except in conformity to the requirements of this section. ' (B. C., §105.) §357. Exterior windows. When the height of a fireproof building exceeds 150 feet, all exterior window frames and sash shall be of metal, or of wood covered with metal in the manner prescribed by the rules of the superintendent of buildings. (B. C., §105.) §358. Approvals. 1. Existing approvals continued. Any material or form of construction coming under the provisions of this article and heretofore approved may be used for the purposes for which it was approved, except so far as it may be inconsistent with specific provisions of this article. (New.) 2. New materials and constructions. Approvals for new materials and forms of construction shall be issued in accordance with the provisions of §22 of this chapter. Nothing in this chapter shall prevent the superintendent of buildings from accepting duly authenticated tests by any competent person, in lieu of the tests under his own supervision, provided the intent of this article is secured. (New.) 3. Saving clause. Nothing in this article shall prohibit the use of material already fabricated or of any construction already erected, which conforms to previously existing statutes, but this shall not be construed to permit the continuance of any construction erected in violation of any statute previously in force, nor to prevent the collection of any penalty heretofore incurred. (New.) 104 BUILDING CODE. ^ARTICLE 18. Section 370. 371. 372. 373. 374. 375. 376. Safeguards against spread of fire. Definitions. Fire walls. Fire partitions. Shafts. Existing hoistways. Protection of exterior openings. Protectives for openings. §370. Definitions. For the purpose of this chapter : a — a fire wall is any wall built for the purpose of restricting the area subject to the spread of fire; b — a fire partition is a subdividing partition built for the purpose of protecting life by providing an area of refuge ; c — a shaft is an enclosed space extending through 1 or more stories of a build- ing connecting a series of 2 or more openings in successive floors, or floors and roof ; d — an open shaft is one that extends through the roof of a building and is open to the outer air at the top ; e — a vent shaft is one used solely to ventilate or light, or both, one or more water- closet compartments or bathrooms ; f — an elevator shaft is one that encloses any device used for' carrying persons or things upward or downward ; g — a dumbwaiter shaft is an elevator shaft which has a cross-sectional area at any point of 9 square feet or less, and in which the device is used only for the carry- ing of things ; h — the term “self-closing,” as applied to a fire door or other opening protective, means closing automatically after having been opened for use; i — the term “automatic,” as applied to a fire door or other opening protective, means normally held in an open position and automatically closing by the action of some releasing device. §371. Fire walls. 1. Construction . Fire walls shall be constructed of approved masonry or rein- forced concrete of the thicknesses prescribed by this chapter for the exterior walls of the building in which it is erected, but if hollow terra cotta blocks are used they shall be filled solidly with concrete. In non-fireproof buildings fire walls shall be continuous from the foundation to the roof and provided above the roof with a parapet wall, as specified in §259 of this chapter. 2. Openings. No opening in a fire wall shall succeed 80 square feet in area, and the aggregate width of all openings at any level shall not exceed 25 per cent, of the length of th£ wall, except that in the first story of buildings equipped throughout with an approved system of automatic sprinklers large openings and a greater per- centage of wall length may be used by special written permission of the superintend- ent of buildings, stating the reason for such allowance. Every opening in a fire wall shall be protected on each side of the wall with an approved automatic fire door. When any fire wall serves also as a fire partition it shall have no openings other than door openings not exceeding 48 square feet in area and one of the automatic fire doors at each opening shall be replaced by a self-closing fire door. ♦Amended by ord. adopted Nov. 9, 1915, effective Feb. 9, 1916. 105 CHAP. 5, ART . 18, SECS. 372, 373. §372. Fire partitions. 1. Construction. Fire partitions shall be constructed of the materials and in the manner herein specified, as follows : a — Approved masonry; b — Any form of fireproof partition, constructed as required in §355 of this chapter, provided; (1) that such partition is supported on each story on fireproof construction; (2) That, unless otherwise approved after the 3 hours fire test herein provided, the thicknesses are not less than 8 inches for brick, not less than 6 inches for stone or cinder concrete, or hollow blocks of terra-cotta, concrete or gypsum, and not less than 4 inches for stone or cinder concrete if properly reinforced with steel; (3) That, unless constructed of expanded metal or wire lath and cement mortar of a finished thickness of not less than 2 y 2 inches, metal lath construction shall not be used, and, (4) That all openings in partitions of hollow building blocks, gypsum or metal lath construction, shall be adequately reinforced with steel ; or, c — Any material and form of construction that may be approved by the super- intendent of buildings as conforming to the requirements of the fire test prescribed in subdivision 3, §355 of this chapter, provided, however, that for fire partitions the dura- tion of such test shall be not less than 3 hours and that such partitions shall be sup- ported at each story on fireproof construction. 2. In non-fireproof buildings. In non-fireproof buildings fire partitions, if re- quired in any story, shall be continuous through all stories from the foundation to the roof, provided that if any of the floors of the building are of fireproof construc- tion for their full extent and all stairways are enclosed in approved fireproof con- struction, fire partitions shall be required to be continuous only from one such fire- proof floor to another or to the roof. Any such fire partition shall be deemed con- tinuous, even though the several parts are not directly over one another in successive stories. If the intervening parts of the floors at the levels where offsets occur, are of fireproof construction and all parts not supported directly on the foundations are carried on fireproof construction. Fire partitions shall be carried at least 3 feet above any non-fireproof roof. 3. Opening. Fire partitions shall have no openings other than the required door openings. No such door opening shall exceed 48 square feet in area. If more than 1 door opening is required, the distance, measured along the line of the fire partition, between any door and the next one shall not be more than 60 feet. Every opening in a fire partition shall be protected by an approved self-closing fire door. §373. Shafts. 1. When required. Unless otherwise specifically provided by any other law or ordinance, shafts as in this section described and specified shall be provided in all fireproof and non-fireproof buildings for every series of floor openings, except stair- ways, hereafter placed or constructed in any such building, whether for air, light, elevator or any other purpose, or hereafter altered so as to enlarge any of such open- ings, or to change their use. The provisions of this section shall* not, however, be taken to apply to ducts permitted by article 19 of this chapter. 2. Open shafts. All open shafts hereafter placed in any building shall be con- structed of approved masonry or reinforced concrete, and of the thicknesses required for exterior walls, provided that for shaft walls not exceeding 10 feet in length the thickness may be reduced to not less than 8 inches for the uppermost 40 feet and 4 inches more for each lower section of 40 feet. 3. Shafts exceeding 9 square feet in area. Except as hereinafter provided in this section, all shafts hereafter erected in any building and having a cross-sectional 106 BUILDING CODE. area at any point within the enclosing walls of more than 9 square feet, and all existing shafts hereafter enlarged, so that the cross-sectional area at any point exceeds 9 square feet, shall be constructed in the manner and of the material and thickness prescribed in subdivision 1, §372 of this article for fire partitions, or sub- division 2 of this section for open shafts. 4. Shafts not exceeding 9 square feet in area. All shafts hereafter erected in any building and having a cross-sectional area at any point of 9 square feet or less, except as hereafter provided in this section, shall be constructed of approved masonry, reinforced concrete, or any material or form of construction, not less than 2 inches thick, permitted under the provisions of §355 of this chapter as permanent fireproof partitions, set in a steel frame of proper strength or suitably reinforced with metal dowels, or in such other manner as may be approved by the superintendent of buildings. 5. Elevator shafts in existing residence buildings. In existing residence build- ings which have not more than 15 sleeping rooms any elevator shaft hereafter erected, when the available space does not permit of the construction required by sub- division 3 of this section, may be constructed as required by subdivision 4 of this section. 6. Non-fireproof shafts. Vent shafts hereafter erected in non-fireproof residence buildings, when extending through not more than 1 story in height, carried not less than 3 feet above the roof and covered with a ventilating skylight of metal and glass, and dumbwaiter shafts hereafter erected that do not extend more than 3 stories above the cellar or basement in residence buildings occupied by not more than 2 families or having not more than 15 sleeping rooms, may be built of wood filled in solidly with brick or other approved incombustible material, or covered on the inside with plaster on plaster board or metal lath, or with sheet metal not less than 1/16 of an inch in thickness, provided that the part of any such dumbwaiter shaft which extends into the cellar shall be enclosed in 8 inch brick walls. 7. Existing elevators. In every non-fireproof public building all elevators not already enclosed in fireproof shafts shall be enclosed in wall constructed and arranged as in this section required for elevator shafts. 8. Existing dumbwaiter shafts. Any existing dumbwaiter shaft which extends into the cellar or basement, except such as do not extend more than 3 stories above the cellar or basement in residence buildings, shall be enclosed in the cellar or base- ment with the walls of brick 8 inches thick or other fireproof construction approved by the superintendent of buildings, unless already enclosed in some form of con- struction conforming to the requirements of subdivision 4 of this section. 9. Openings, a. In open shafts having a cross-sectional area at any point of 36 square feet or less, hereafter erected or altered, all openings shall be protected with fire doors, fire shutters or fire windows. b. In vent shafts, hereafter erected or altered, except non-fireproof vent shafts, all openings shall be provided with fire windows. c. In elevator shafts hereafter erected or materially altered all door openings shall be protected by fire doors. No other openings shall be provided in such shafts, except window openings to the outer air. d. In dumbwaiter shafts hereafter erected or altered there shall be no openings other than door openings protected with self-closing fire doors. e. All other shafts not provided for in this subdivision, hereafter erected or altered, shall have all openings protected with self-closing fire doors. 10. Enclosure at top. All shafts hereafter erected or altered to extend into the top story of any non-fireproof building shall be carried through and not less than 3 feet above the roof. Every shaft extending above the roof, except open shafts, 107 CHAP. 5, ART. 18, SECS. 374, 375. shall be enclosed at the top with a roof of fireproof construction and a metal skylight of at least 24 the area of the shaft in the top story, except that the skylight herein required may be replaced by a window of equivalent area in the side of the shaft provided the sill of such window is not less than 3 feet above the roof and the window does not face a property line within 10 feet. Any shaft that does not extend into the top story of the building shall have the top enclosed with fireproof con- struction. 11. Enclosure at bottom. The bottom of every shaft, hereafter erected or altered, except vent shafts, shall be enclosed with fireproof construction.' 12. Elevator machinery compartment. When any compartment which contains machinery for operating an elevator communicates with an elevator shaft, it shall be enclosed with partitions of the same material and construction as required for the shaft, and shall have fire doors in the openings. (Amended by ord. effective Dec. 12, 1916.) 13. Number of elevators restricted in shaft. Not more than 2 elevators shall be placed hereafter in any one shaft, and where there are only 2 elevators in any building they shall be placed in separate shafts. §374. Existing hoistways. 1. Gates and trapdoors. In any existing building in which there shall be any hoistway, elevator or wellhole not already inclosed in walls constructed of brick or other fireproof material and provided with fireproof doors, the openings thereof through and upon each floor of said building shall be provided with and protected by substantial guards or gates and with such good and sufficient trap doors as may be directed and approved by the superintendent of buildings. When, in the opinion of the superintendent of buildings, automatic trap-doors are required to the floor openings of any uninclosed elevator, the same shall be constructed so as to form a substantial floor surface when closed, and so arranged as to open and close by the action of the elevator in its passage either ascending or descending. 2. Enforcement of section. Except as otherwise provided by law or ordinance, the superintendent of buildings shall have power and authority to require the open- ings of hoistways, elevators and wellholes in buildings to be enclosed or secured bv trap-doors, guards or gates and railings. 3. Guards, gates and trap-doors to be closed when not in use. All guards or gates required by this section shall be kept closed at all times, except wlien in actual use, and the trap-doors shall be closed at the close of the business of each day. bv the occupant or occupants of the building having the use or control of the same. §375. Protection of exterior openings. 1. When required. Every window or other opening above the first story in the exterior walls of every fireproof and non-fireproof business building, more than 40 feet in height, shall, except as may be otherwise specifically provided in this chapter or by any other law or ordinance, be protected by a fire door, fire window, fire shutter, open sprinkler or other approved protective, when such opening is distant in a direct line less than 30 feet from any opening in any other building and not in the same plane with said opening, or when said opening is not more than 50 feet above a neighboring roof. 2. Fire shutters to be readily opened. When fire shutters are used in exterior openings at least 1 row in every 3 vertical rows of shutters on front window openings shall be arranged to be readily opened from the outside. Distinguishing marks, satisfactory to the fire commissioner, shall be provided on these shutters. 3. Openings to fire escapes. When fire doors or fire shutters are used on ex- terior openings leading to fire escapes or exterior exits of any kind they shall be so arranged as not to obstruct such fire escape or exit. 108 BUILDING CODE. 4. Vertical separation of windows. In fireproof and non-fireproof business buildings hereafter erected, over 40 feet in height, exterior openings above the second * story that are located vertically above one another and that do not require any pro- tective under this section, shall have not less than 3 feet of solid masonry between the top of one opening and the bottom of the one next above, and no such opening Khali be arranged, to open within 1 foot of the ceiling of the story in which it is located, provided, however, that part of such masonry between openings may be replaced by wire glass in fixed metal sash and frame. 5. Closing protectives. All fire doors, fire shutters and fire windows on exterior openings, unless provided with approved automatic closing devices operative from either side, shall be closed when not required to be open, and at the close of business each day by the occupant or occupants of the building having the use or control of them. §376. Protectives for openings. 1. Construction. All opening protectives required or permitted under this chapter shall be constructed as prescribed in such rules, consistent with the provisions of this chapter, as may be promulgated by the superintendent of buildings, or, in the absence of such rules as specified in the standard requirements of the National Board of Fire Underwriters; or they may be constructed in any manner and of any material that will comply with the fire test hereinafter prescribed. 2. Fire test. In testing the fireproof qualities of any opening protective a com- plete sample of the device of the maximum size to be approved, constructed and installed in every respect as in actual service, shall be subjected to a fire on one side, continuous for not less than 1 hour, at a temperature, in the case of fire doors and fire shutters increasing gradually from that of the outer air to 1,800 degrees Fahren- heit within the first half-hour and to 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit during the second half-hour, and, in the case of fire windows, increasing gradually from that of the outer air to 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit within the hour, without permitting the passing of flame or the transmission of heat to a dangerous extent. 3. Use of zvire glass. When wire glass is required or permitted by this chap- ter or the rules authorized thereunder, for fire doors, fire shutters or fire windows, the pane shall not exceed 720 square inches in area, and shall not be less than *4 inch in thickness, and shall be set not less than of an inch in the frame. When the use of glass is permitted in any fire door or fire shutter only wire glass shall be used. For the glazing of. fire windows only wire glass shall be used. (Amended by ord. effective Dec. 12, 1916.) ^ARTICLE 19. Chimneys and Heating Apparatus. Section 390. General. 391. Heat producing devices. 392. Chimneys. 393. Fireplaces. 394. Metal smokestacks. 395. Cupola chimneys. 396. Underground flues. 397. Ranges. 398. Drying rooms. 399. Smoke houses. 400. Registers. ♦Amended by ord. adopted Nov. 9, 1915, effective Feb. 9, 1916. 109 CHAP. 5, ART. 19, SECS. 390, 391. Section 401. 402. 403. 404. Vent flues. Ducts. Smoke pipes. Steam and hot water pipes. §390. General. 1. Definitions. For the purposes of this chapter: a — a chimney is that part of a building which contains 1 or more flues for trans- mitting the products of combustion from some fireplace or heating device to the outer air, and includes the fireplace when there is one ; b — a flue is a passage, enclosed on all sides with solid masonry or reinforced concrete and used only for the transmission of air, whether fresh, heated or vitiated, or of the products of combustion from solid fuel or liquid fuel, and designated respectively vent flue or smoke flue ; c — a duct is a passage constructed of sheet metal or other approved incombustible material, and used only for the transmission of air, whether fresh, heated or vitiated; d — a smoke pipe is a passage constructed of metal and used as an intermediate connection between a heat producing device and a chimney or metal stack for the transmission of the products of combustion. 2. Notice of installation. In case heat producing appliances or furnaces are here- after placed in any building, or flues and fireplaces are installed, changed or enlarged, and such installation or alteration necessitates any change in any structural parts of the building, due notice shall be given to the superintendent of buildings by the person doing such work or causing the same to be done, and a permit secured from him if necessary. §391. Heat producing devices. For the purposes of this chapter, heat producing devices shall be graded as a — Low, including bakers’ ovens ; boiling vats ; candy furnaces ; clay, coke and gypsum tripoli kilns ; coffee roasting ovens ; cocking ranges ; core ovens ; cruller fur- naces; drying furnaces for spent materials; feed drying ovens; fertilizer drying ovens; forge furnaces; gas producers; gypsum kilns; hardening furnaces (below dark red); hot air engine furnaces ; hot air heating furnaces ; hot water and low pressure steam heating boilers; japanning ovens; ladle drying furnaces; lead melting furnaces; nickel plate furnaces ; paraffine furnaces ; rendering furnaces ; rosin melting furnaces ; stereotype furnaces; sulphur furnaces; typefoundry furnaces; wood drying furnaces; wood impregnating furnaces ; b — Medium, including alabaster gypsum kilns ; charcoal furnaces ; direct fire heated feed driers; direct fire heated fertilizer dryers; direct fire heated pulp driers; galvanizing furnaces ; glass factory lehrs and glory holes ; hardening furnaces (cherry to pale red); lime kilns; porcelain biscuit kilns; smoke houses; steam boilers, other than low pressure heating boilers; water-glass kilns; wood-distilling furnaces; wood- gas retorts ; c — High, including annealing furnaces; bessemer retorts; billet and bloom fur- naces; blast furnaces; bone calcining furnaces; brass furnaces; carbon point fur- naces ; cement, brick and tile kilns ; coal and water gas retorts ; cupolas ; earthenware kilns ; glass blow furnaces ; glass melting furnaces ; glass kilns ; open hearth furnaces ; ore roasting furnaces ; porcelain baking and glazing kilns ; pot-arches, puddling fur- naces; regenerative furnaces; reverberatory furnaces; stacks, carburetor or supe- heating furnaces in water gas works ; welding furnaces ; wood carbonizing furnaces. In doubtful cases the superintendent of buildings shall by a rule designate the grade of any heat producing device, being governed in doing so by the degree and amount of heat transmitted. 110 BUILDING CODE. §392. Chimneys. 1. Construction. Except as in this article otherwise provided, every chimney hereafter erected shall be of brick or stone laid in cement mortar, or of reinforced concrete, extending above the highest point of the roof and at least 4 feet above the highest point of contact with the roof. Every chimney shall be properly capped with terra cotta, stone, cast iron or other approved incombustible, weatherproof ma- terial, except that on buildings 40 feet or less in height the top courses of a brick chimney may be finished off by being carefully bonded and anchored together to serve as coping. 2. Supports. All chimneys shall be wholly supported by stone, brick or self- supporting fireproof construction. No chimney shall rest or be built upon any wood construction. 3. Flues for low grade devices. The smoke flues of stoves, cooking ranges, hot air, hot water and low pressure steam heating furnaces, and all other heat producing devices graded as low, shall be encased in brickwork or concrete not less than 8 inches thick, except that for smoke flues exclusively used for ordinary stoves, ranges or open fireplaces when no combustible studding, furring or sheathing is placed against it, such brickwork or concrete may be reduced to not less than 4 inches. In chimneys of stone, the stone work of such flues shall be 4 inches thicker than required for brick. Every flue coming under the provisions of this subdivision here- after erected shall be lined with well-burnt terra cotta pipe, from the bottom of the flue, or from the throat of the fireplace if the flue starts from a fireplace, fcrt* the entire height of the chimney. Such lining pipes shall be built in as the flues are carried up, laid end to end in cement mortar so as to make a smooth flue. Where 2 or more smoke flues are contained in the same chimney, the withes shall be either brick not less than 4 inches thick, or concrete or grout not less than 1 inch thick, provided, however, that every third withe shall consist of brick. 4. Flues for medium grade devices. The smoke flues of high pressure steam boilers, smoke houses and all other heat producing devices graded as medium shall be encased in brickwork or concrete not less than 8 inches thick, or stonework not less than 12 inches thick, and in addition, shall be lined with not less than 4 inches of fire brick, laid in fire mortar, for a distance of at least 25 feet from the poim where the smoke connection of the device enters the flue. 5. Flues for high grade devices. The smoke flues or cupolas, brass furnaces, porcelain baking kilns and all other heat producing devices graded as high shall be built with double walls, each not less than 8 inches in thickness, with an air space of not less than 2 inches between them. The inside of the interior walls shall be of firebrick not less than 4 inches in thickness. 6. Certain flues required. In every building hereafter erected exceeding 40 feet in height, where 1 or more smoke flues start from the cellar or lowest story, at least 1 such flue shall have an internal cross-sectional area of not less than 96 square inches and shall start not less than 3 feet below the ceiling. No flue here- after erected shall have smoke-pipe connections in more than one story of a building. 7. Flues to be clean and chimneys safe. Upon the completion of any new building or an alteration in any flues of an existing building, the flues shall be prop- erly cleaned and left smooth on the inside. Any chimney which shall be dangerous in any manner whatever shall be repaired and made safe, or taken down. 8. Unlawful use of flues. It shall be unlawful to use as a smoke flue any flue hereafter erected or placed in any building, or any flue now existing and not already used as a smoke flue, unless it conforms to the requirements of this section. Nothing in this article, however, shall prevent the use of approved metal flue linings for the repair or alteration of flues in residence buildings. 9. Raising adjoining chimneys, a. Whenever a building, wall or structure is 111 CHAP. 5, ART. 19, SECS. 393, 394. hereafter erected, altered, enlarged or raised so that any of the walls, whether inde- pendent or party, along a property line or within 3 feet thereof, extends above the top of any chimney, smoke fine or smokestack of an adjoining building or struc- ture, the owner of the building, wall or structure so erected, altered, enlarged or raised, shall, at his own expense, carry up, either independently or in his own build- ing, wall or structure, all /chimneys, smoke flues and smokestacks of such adjoining building or structure within 10 feet of any portion of the said wall extending above such chimney, flue or stack. The construction of such chimneys, flues or stacks shall conform to the requirements of this article applying thereto, but in no case shall the internal area of any flue or stack as raised be less than that of the existing flue or stack. All such chimneys, flues or stacks shall be carried above the walls in question to the heights prescribed, and shall, furthermore, be so constructed, sup- ported and braced as to be at all times safe. b. It shall be the duty of the owner of the building, wall or structure to be erected, altered, enlarged or raised to notify in writing, at least 10 days before such work is begun, the owner of the chimneys, flues or stacks affected, of his in- tention to carry up such chimneys, flues or stacks as herein provided, and unless released in writing he shall carry up such chimneys, flues or stacks simultaneously with the walls. §393. Fireplaces. 1. Firebacks. The firebacks of all fireplaces hereafter erected shall be not less than 8 inches in thickness of solid masonry. A lining of firebrick or other approved material at least 2 inches thick shall be provided, unless the fireback is 12 inches in thickness. 2. Trimmer arches. All fireplaces and chimney breasts where mantels are placed, whether intended for ordinary fireplace use or not, shall have trimmer arches or fire- proof construction supporting hearths. The arches and hearths shall be at least 20 inches in width, measured from the face of the chimney breast. Trimmer arches shall be of brick, stone, terra cotta or reinforced concrete. The length of the trimmer arch shall not be less than the width of the chimney breast, and the length of the hearth shall be not less than the width of the mantel. The hearths shall be of brick, stone, tile or other approved fireproof material. The combined thickness of trimmer arch and hearth shall at no point be less than 6 inches. Wood centres under trimmer arches shall be removed before plastering the ceiling underneath. 3. Heaters. No heater shall be placed in a fireplace which does not conform to the foregoing requirements of this section. 4. Mantels. No wood mantel or other woodwork shall be hereafter placed within 8 inches on either side nor within 12 inches of the top of any open fireplace. If a coal-burning heater of the Baltimore type is placed in a fireplace, any mantel that may be provided shall be of incombustible material. No combustible summer piece or fireboard shall be used in connection with any open fireplace. All spaces back of combustible mantels shall be solidly filled in with incombustible material. 5. False fireplaces. False fireplaces using summer pieces or fireboards shall not be placed in any building except against an unfurred masonry wall or a fireproof partition. §394. Metal smokestacks. 1. Construction. Metal smokestacks must be so constructed that they will be securely supported and that the materials entering into their construction or serving as support shall not be stressed beyond the working stresses fixed by this chapter. The metal work must be riveted and of adequate thickness, but not less than No. 16 U. S. gauge when the cross-sectional area is 154 square inches or less, not less than 112 BUILDING CODE. No. 14 U. S. gauge when the cross-sectional area is more than 154 square inches and not more than 201 square inches, not less than No. 12 U. S. gauge when the cross- sectional area is more than 201 square inches but not more than 254 square inches, and not less than No. 10 U. S. gauge when the cross-sectional area is more than 254 square inches. All metal work shall be painted ; galvanized metal shall not be used. Clean-out openings shall be provided at the base of every such stack. 2. Height. All such stacks serving high grade heat producing devices shall extend to a height of not less than 10 feet above the highest point of any roof within 25 feet. 3. Independent stacks. All such stacks hereafter erected, outside and independent of any building, shall be supported on substantial masonry foundations, so designed that the maximum pressure on the soil shall not exceed 2 /z of that prescribed in §231 of this chapter. 4. Exterior stacks. Any such stacks, or any part thereof, hereafter erected on the immediate exterior of the building it serves shall be braced to such building at least every 20 feet. It shall have a clearance of not less than 4 inches from the walls of a fireproof or non-fireproof building and not less than 24 inches from the walls of a frame building; and a clearance of not less than 24 inches in any direction from any wall opening, fire escape or other exit facility, unless such stack is insulated in some approved manner, in which case the clearances herein provided may be reduced an amount fixed by the superintendent of buildings when approving the insulation. 5. Interior stacks. Any such stack, or part thereof, hereafter erected within any building, shall be enclosed in walls of approved masonry; or, if in a fireproof building, such stack, or part thereof, shall be enclosed in walls of brick, terra cotta blocks or concrete not less than 8 inches thick, with a space left between the stack and the enclosing walls sufficient to render the entire stack accessible for examination and repair. The enclosing walls shall be without openings above the story at which it starts. 6. Prohibition. Smokestacks shall not be carried up inside of vent stacks or flues connected to ranges, unless such vent stacks or flues are constructed as required by this article for smokestacks or smoke flues. §395. Cupola chimneys. Chimneys of cupola furnaces, blast furnaces and similar devices shall extend at least 20 feet above the highest point of any roof within a radius of 50 feet thereof and be covered on the top with heavy wire netting or othe'r approved spark arrester. No woodwork shall be within 3 feet of any part of such device or its chimney. §396. Underground flues. Underground smoke flues shall be covered with dt least 12 inches of solid masonry, or an approved equivalent insulation. If clean-out openings are installed they shall be provided with approved double iron doors or covers, of which the two parts are 12 inches apart, with the intervening space filled with insulating material. No com- bustible flooring shall be laid over any such flues. §397. Ranges. 1. Kitchen ranges. When fixed ranges are to be installed in any building here- after erected trimmer arches extending beyond such ranges not less than 6 inches on all sides shall be provided unless the floor is of fireproof construction. No such range shall be placed against a stud partition, a furred wall or any other combustible construction. When any such range is to be placed within 12 inches of a wood stud partition the said partition shall be shielded with metal from the floor to a height of not less than 3 feet higher than the range, provided that when the range is within 6 inches of the partition the studs shall be cut away and framed 3 feet higher and 1 113 CHAP. 5, ART . 19, SECS. 398-402. foot wider than the range and filled in to the face of the said stud partition with brick or fireproof blocks. 2. Hoods over ranges. All hoods and ducts for same placed over hotel or restau- rant ranges shall be constructed of incombustible materials and installed in accordance with the requirements of §403 for smokepipes. §398. Drying rooms. Drying rooms hereafter placed within any building as a part of the building shall be constructed entirely of incombustible materials. When the heating pipes are not placed overhead, they shall be so shielded as to preserve at all times a clear space of not less than 2 inches between them and the contents. All such drying rooms shall be ventilated directly to the outer air by vent flues or ducts installed as specified in §403 of this article for smokepipes. §399. Smoke houses. All smoke houses hereafter erected as part of any building shall be of fireproof construction with walls of brick or reinforced concrete. All openings shall be provided with fire doors. The interior framing, racks, hangers and other interior fittings shall be of incombustible material. §400. Registers. All registers used in any hot-air furnace heating system, placed in any woodwork or combustible floor, shall rest upon stone or iron borders firmly set in plaster of paris or gauged mortar. All register boxes used in any such heating system shall be made of tin plate or galvanized iron with a flange to fit the rabbet in the border. The register box shall be enclosed in a tin or galvanized iron casing turned under the border and spaced at least 2 inches from the sides of the box. Such casings shall extend from the border to and through the ceiling below in the case of a floor register and through the partition in the case of a wall register. When a register box is placed in the floor over a portable furnace, the space on all sides between the casing and the register box shall be not less than 4 inches. Every hot-air furnace shall have at least 1 register without valve or louvres. §401. Vent flues. Flues hereafter erected for the removal of foul air or the transmission of heated air shall be encased in masonry not less than 4 inches thick, and shall be lined with terra cotta or other approved incombustible material. Not more than 1 gas burning device shall be direct-connected to any flue, nor shall any such device be connected to any flue used as a smoke flue. Any flue to which a gas burning device is direct- connected shall be constructed as required in §392 for a smoke flue. §402. Ducts. 1. General. Except as may be otherwise specifically permitted or prescribed, the transmission of air through buildings for heating or ventilation shall be by means of ducts constructed as in this section provided. 2. Casing. No casing, furring or lath of wood shall be placed against or cover a duct of any kind; but this shall not prevent the placing of woodwork on a covering over such ducts, of metal lath and plaster, plaster board or asbestos, provided the thickness of the covering is not less than ^ of an inch. 3. In partitions. Ducts hereafter placed in combustible partitions shall be covered with inch of corrugated asbestos or shall be constructed double with a y 2 inch air space. The asbestos covering or outside pipe shall be not less than \ l / 2 inches away from the woodwork. In lieu of the above protection, 4 inches of brickwork or concrete may be placed between the duct and the woodwork. 4. In floors. Ducts hereafter placed between the flooring and ceiling of non- fireproof floors, shall be constructed double, with a 1 inch air space. The outside pipe 114 BUILDING CODE. shall be not less than 2 inches from any woodwork, which shall be covered with metal. 5. In closets. Ducts hereafter placed in closets or similar concealed spaces shall be double with a V /2 inch air space, or shall be covered with approved incombustible insulation, not less than 1 inch thick. When constructed double the outside pipe shall be not less than No. 18 U. S. gauge, and not less than 1 inch from any wood- work. 6. Passing through partitions and floors. Ducts hereafter placed to pass through combustible partitions or floors shall be constructed double, with a 1^2 inch air space open at one end, or shall be covered with approved incombustible insulation not less than 1 inch thick. 7. Horizontal ducts. Ducts used for hot-air furnace heating, hereafter placed under cellar ceilings, shall be at least 6 inches below wood floor beams, wood lath and plaster ceiling or other combustible materials; but if such combustible construc- tion is protected by metal lath and plaster, plaster board or J4 inch asbestos the distance may be not less than 3 inches. 8. Cold air ducts. The cold air ducts of any heating system shall be of metal or other approved fireproof material. 9. Hot air ducts. No hot-air furnace duct shall be placed in any floor, partition or enclosure, of combustible construction, unless it be at least 8 feet distant in a horizontal direction from the furnace. §403. Smoke pipes. 1. Restriction. No smoke pipe shall pass through any floor nor through any non-fireproof roof. 2. Clearance. The clear distance between any smoke pipe or metal breeching and any combustible material or construction shall be not less than 18 inches in the case of low grade heat producing devices, nor less than 36 inches for medium or high grade heat producing devices, except that, when such smoke pipes or breechings are protected with not less than 2 inches of asbestos or in some other approved manner, such clearances may be reduced ^2 and that, in the case of smoke pipes used on ordinary ranges and stoves in tenements or other residence buildings having not more than 15 sleeping rooms, such clearances may be not less than 9 inches when the combustible material or construction is protected by inch asbestos or its equivalent, nor less than 18 inches when not so protected. 3. Protection through partitions. Smoke pipes frorrl ordinary ranges and stoves in residence buildings may pass through combustible partitions, provided every such pipe is guarded by a double metal ventilated thimble 12 inches larger in diameter than the pipe, or by a metal tube built in brickwork or other approved fireproof materials, not less than 8 inches thick on all sides of the tube. §404. Steam and hot water pipes. 1. Protection. Steam or hot water pipes shall not be placed nearer than one inch to any woodwork unless the woodwork is covered with metal, in which case the distance shall be not less than H inch. Every steam or hot water heating pipe passing through a combustible floor or partition shall be protected by a metal tube 1 inch larger in diameter than the pipe. Any such pipe passing through stock shelving shall be covered with not less than 1 inch of approved insulation. All wood boxes or casings inclosing steam or hot water heating pipes, or wood covers to recesses in walls in which such pipes are placed, shall be lined with metal. 2. Pipe coverings. Any coverings or insulation used on steam or hot water pipes shall be of incombustible material. 115 CHAP. 5, ART. 20, SECS. 420-424. ^ARTICLE 20. Roofing and roof structures. Section 420. General. 421. Roofing. 422. Cornices and gutters, 423. Leaders. 424. Skylights. 425. Scuttles. 426. Roof houses. 427. Slanting roofs. 428. Tanks. 429. Cooling towers. §420. General. Except when otherwise specifically provided for in this chapter, all construction, other than water tanks, hereafter placed above the roof of any part of any building within the fire limits or of any building more than 40 feet in height outside the fire limits, shall be of incombustible materials. §421. Roofing. 1. Materials. Except as otherwise in this chapter specifically provided, every roof hereafter placed on any building or part thereof, shall be covered with an approved roofing of brick, concrete, tile, slate, metal, asbestos, slag, gravel, or other approved incombustible material. 2. Planking. When wood planking or sheathing is permitted in roof construction, it shall not, in any case, extend across any side or party walls. 3. Repairs. No roofing on any existing roof shall be renewed or repaired, except in conformity with the requirements of this section, provided, however, that when the renewal or necessary repairs do not constitute more than of the roofing in any one roof surface, the new work may be made to conform to the existing roofing. §422. Cornices and gutters. 1. Construction. All cornices inclusive of those on show windows and gutters, hereafter placed on the exterior of any building, except buildings that are permitted to be of frame construction, shall be of incombustible materials. When constructed of sheet metal they shall be riveted in the seams at intervals of not more than 5 inches. Cornices shall be secured to the walls with metal framing or anchors, spaced not more than 4 feet apart, and extending not less than 4 inches into the wall at top and bottom. 2. Repairs. All cornices or gutters that may now be or that may hereafter become unsafe shall be taken down, and, if replaced, shall be constructed to conform to the requirements for new cornices, except that when any such cornice or gutter is not damaged to a greater extent than one-half, it may be repaired with the same material as originally constructed. §423. Leaders. All buildings shall be provided with proper leaders for conducting water from the roofs. In no case shall the water from leaders be allowed to flow upon the side- walk, but it shall be conducted by pipe or pipes to the sewer. If there be no sewer in the street then the water from the leader shall be conducted by proper pipe or pipes, below the surface to a street gutter, or to a cesspool. §424. Skylights. 1. Construction. All skylights hereafter placed in any building shall have the sashes and frames thereof constructed of metal, except that skylights in foundries or ’•'Amended by ord. adopted Nov. 9, 1915, effective Feb. 9, 1916. 116 BUILDING CODE. Duildings where acid fumes are present as an incident to the occupancy of the building may be of wood in the discretion of the superintendent of buildings. The frames and other parts of metal skylights shall be riveted or otherwise securely fastened, in addition to soldering, and shall be securely anchored to the supporting structure. 2. Glazing. Skylights placed over shafts of any kind shall be glazed with plain glass not more than 3/16 of an inch in thickness. No pane of glass in any such sky- light hereafter placed in any building shall exceed 720 square inches in area. (Amended by ord. effective Dec. 12, 1916.) 3. Protection. Every skylight in which plain glass is used shall be protected by a wire screen placed not less than 4 inches nor more than 10 inches above the glazed portion of the skylight at all points. Such screen shall be not lighter than No. 12 U. S. gauge, shall have a mesh of not less than 24 of an inch nor more than 1 inch and shall’ extend beyond the glazing on all sides a distance not less than the height of the screen above the glazing. When any such skylight is located over any passageway or any room of public resort a similar screen shall also be placed below the skylight. §425. Scuttles. Unless provided with some other means of access to the roof, every building more than 15 feet high, except dwellings with peak roofs, shall have in the roof a scuttle, with a substantial iron ladder leading thereto. All scuttles shall be covered on the top and edges with sheet metal or other approved incombustible material. The scuttle openings shall be at least 2 feet by 3 feet in size. §426. Roof houses. 1. Definitions. a. The term bulkhead as used in this section includes all such enclosed structures above the roof of any part of a building as enclose only stairways, tanks, elevator machinery or ventilating apparatus, or shafts. b. The term pent house as used in this section means any enclosed structure, other than a bulkhead, extending not more than 12 feet above a roof. 2. Bulkheads. The walls of any bulkhead hereafter erected on any roof of a fireproof building, shall be constructed as required for fire partitions by subdi- vision 1, §372 of this chapter. Such walls may be used as bearing walls of the bulk- head roofs when they do not exceed 15 feet in height and 35 feet in length, and the roof span does not exceed 12 feet. The roofs of such bulkheads shall be of fireproof con- struction as provided by §354 of this chapter. The walls and roofs of all bulkheads, unless constructed of approved masonry, shall be covered on the outside with incom- bustible, weatherproof material. 3. Pent houses. Every pent house shall be considered a story of the building and, except as may be otherwise specifically provided By law, its construction shall conform to the requirements for buildings of a height to which such pent house is carried ; provided that when any exterior wall of such pent house sets back not less than 5 feet from the exterior walls of the next lower story of the building it may be constructed of brick not less than 8 inches thick, or hollow building blocks not less than 6 inches in thickness, covered on the outside with incombustible weatherproof material, and supported by steel or reinforced concrete girders. 4. Doors and zmndows. All doors and door frames in the exterior walls of bulkheads or pent houses shall be metal or metal covered wood. All windows in bulk- heads or pent houses, except where otherwise specifically provided for, shall be con- structed as other windows of the building similarly located. 5. Sun parlors. Nothing in this section shall prevent the erection on any roof of any building, of sun parlors or rooms for similar purposes, provided that only in- combustible materials are used in the construction, and the floor of such structure is constructed as required for the rocf of the building. 117 CHAP. 5, ART. 21, SECS. 440-442. §427. Slanting roofs. 1. Construction. Every mansard or other slanting roof having a pitch of more than 60 degrees, hereafter placed on any non-fireproof building over 40 feet high, shall be constructed fireproof as specified in §354 of this chapter. 2. Dormer windows. Every dormer window hereafter erected shall be con- structed in the same manner as the roof on which it is placed. The sides and top shall be covered with any of the materials approved for roofing. §428. Tanks. 1. Supports. Tanks of more than 500 gallons capacity hereafter placed in or on any building shall be supported on masonry, reinforced concrete or steel construction of sufficient strength and carried to a proper foundation. 2. Emergency outlet. Every such tank shall have, in the bottom or on the side near the bottom, a pipe or outlet, not less than 4 inches in diameter, fitted with a suit- able quick-opening valve for discharging the contents in an emergency. 3. Location . Such tanks shall not be placed over nor near a line of stairs or an elevator shaft, unless there is a solid roof or floor underneath the tank. 4. 'Covers. All unenclosed roof tanks shall have covers with proper slope. 5. Hoops. When hoops are used in the construction of tanks they shall be of metal round in section. §429. Cooling towers. Cooling towers hereafter erected above any roof shall be of incombustible material, except the drip bars, which may be of wood. ♦ARTICLE 21. Miscellaneous requirements. Section 440. 441. 442. 443. 444. 445. 446. Cellar ceilings. Cellar floors. Cellar partitions. Waterproofing. Floor lights. Cutting beams. Bay and show window construction. §440. Cellar ceilings. In any building hereafter erected, or altered so as to change its occupancy, except 1 story buildings outside of the fire limits and buildings occupied exclusively for resi- dence purposes by 1 or 2 families, the wood beams over the cellar, or over the lowest story, if such story is partly below the curb or the surrounding ground level, when the curb level has not been established, shall be covered with metal lath and plaster, plaster board and plaster, or other approved incombustible material. §441. Cellar floors. In all buildings hereafter erected the cellar floor or any floor resting directly on the ground shall consist of 1 :3 :6 stone or cinder concrete not less than 4 inches thick. §442. Cellar partitions. In all non-fireproof buildings, except buildings occupied exclusively for residence purposes by 1 or 2 families, permanent partitions in the cellar, or in any story more than half below the curb, shall be constructed of incombustible materials, unless such partitions enclose only coal or wood bins and do not extend to the ceiling. ♦Amended by ord. adopted Dec. 7, 1915, effective March 7, 1916. 118 BUILDING CODE. §443. Waterproofing. In all buildings hereafter erected, the exterior walls below the ground level and floors below the curb level resting directly on the ground, shall, when required, be waterproofed in accordance with the rules adopted by the superintendent of buildings. §444. Floor lights. Floor lights shall be constructed of metal frames and bars or plates, reinforced concrete or other approved incombustible materials. If any glass in same measures more than 16 square inches, it shall be provided with a mesh of wire either in the glass or under the same. Floor lights shall be of the same strength as the floors in which they are placed. Glass shall not be less than Y of an inch in thickness. §445. Cutting beams. No beam shall be cut or pierced in any manner that would cause the beam to be of insufficient strength for its load. §446. Ba}' and show window construction. Bay windows and show windows that extend beyond the exterior walls, hereafter constructed or placed on any fireproof or non-fireproof building, shall be constructed of incombustible materials and in such manner as will meet with the approval of the superintendent of buildings. ^ARTICLE 22. Frame buildings. Section 470. Height. 471. Area. 472. Frame construction. 473. Filling in walls. 474. Roofing. 475. Towers. 476. Piazzas. 477. Minor structures. 478. Temporary structures. 479. Miscellaneous frame structures. 480. Permissible alterations. 481. 0. Height. Use of masonry walls. Except as may be otherwise specifically provided in this chapter, or in the rules authorized thereunder, no frame building or structure hereafter erected or enlarged shall exceed 40 feet in height, except that buildings used in whole or in part as gar- ages, motor vehicle repair shops or oil selling stations shall not exceed 25 feet In height. (Amended by ord. effective July 17, 1917.) §471. Area. 1. Building area. No frame building hereafter erected or enlarged shall exceed 5,000 square feet in area. 2. Plot area. The combined area of frame buildings, sheds and outhouses located on any lot or plot shall not exceed 80 per cent, of the area of that part of the lot or plot which is not already covered by fireproof or non-fireproof buildings. §472. Frame construction. The wood framework of all frame buildings, hereafter erected, shall consist of sills, posts, girts and plates of suitable size and materials with proper mortise and tenon framing and braced with studs at all angles, but this shall not prohibit the ♦ Amended by ord. adopted Nov. 9, 1915, effective Feb. 9, 1916. 119 CHAP. 5, ART. 22, SECS. 473-477. use of balloon framing with proper sills, posts, ribbon strips and plates provided the building is properly braced in all angles or the sheathing is put on diagonally. Floor and roof beams and rafters shall not be less than 2 inches in thickness. No part of the wood framework shall be built below the ground level. (Amended by ord. effective May 8, 1917.) §473. Filling in walls. 1. Independent walls. Any exterior wall of frame construction, hereafter erected within 3 feet of a side or rear line of the lot or plot on which it is located, or here- after erected as the side wall of any frame tenement house, shall have the spaces between the studding filled in solidly with brickwork or other approved incombustible material. 2. Part v walls. Every party wall of frame construction hereafter erected shall have the studding filled in solidly with brickwork or other approved incombustible material, not less than 4 inches thick. Every interior wall of frame construction, extending from front to rear without openings and dividing the building into separate and distinct parts, shall have the studding filled in solidly with brickwork or other approved incombustible material. 3. Extent of filling. The filling herein required in exterior or party walls of frame construction shall in all cases be carried up from the ground to the under side of the roof boards. §474. Roofing. 1. Within the fire limits. Any roofing hereafter placed on any frame building within the fire limits shall' be of approved incombustible materials, provided that any existing shingle roof may be repaired at any time to an extent of not more than 25 per cent, of its surface. 2. Outside of fire limits. Nothing in this chapter shall prevent the use of wood shingles outside the fire limits on any building which, under the provisions of this chapter, is permissible of frame construction. §475. Towers. 1. On residence buildings. Outside of the fire limits towers, turrets or minarets of frame construction may be erected on frame buildings occupied or used exclusively as residence buildings, provided they do not extend more than 10 feet above the limiting height for frame buildings and do not cover an aggregate area of more than 15 per cent, of the roof area of the building, and that the greatest horizontal dimension of any one tower, turret or minaret is not more than 15 feet. 2. Church spires. Outside of the fire limits and the suburban limits, towers or spires of frame construction may be erected on frame buildings occupied or used exclusively as churches or other places of worship, provided they do not exceed a height of 75 feet above the curb or ground level. 3. Covering. All towers or other structures provided for in this section shall be covered on the exterior with approved incombustible roofing. §476. Piazzas. Within the fire limits and the suburban limits, piazzas or balconies of wood may be erected on residence buildings having not more than 15 sleeping rooms, provided they do not exceed 12 feet in width, and do not extend more than 3 feet above the second story floor beams. The roofs of all such piazzas or balconies shall be covered with incombustible material. §477. Minor structures. 1. Sheds. Within the fire limits and the suburban limits sheds, open on at least one side, may be erected of wood, but such sheds shall not exceed 15 feet in height, shall not cover an area exceeding 2,500 square feet, shall not be placed nearer than 120 BUILDING CODE. 4 feet to any lot line, and shall be covered on the sides and roof with incombustible materials. 2. Outhouses. Outhouses of wood to be used exclusively for privies, or for the storage of coal or wood for domestic purposes, may be erected on the lot with any residence building within the fire limits or the suburban limits, provided they do not exceed 8 feet in height, or 150 square feet in area, and have the roofs covered with incombustible materials. 3. Builders’ shanties. One-story buildings for the use of builders in connection with any building operation for which a permit has been issued, may be constructed of wood and placed on the lot or plot where such building operation is carried on, or on adjoining lots or plots if they do not interfere with the safe occupancy of any build- ings thereon, or on the sheds which may be required or provided over the sidewalks in front of such building operation. 4. Fences. Fences of wood within the fire limits or the suburban limits shall not exceed 12 feet in height. §478. Temporary structures. 1. Meaning. Temporary structures shall be taken to mean platforms, reviewing stands, gospel tents, circus tents and other structures that are erected to serve their purpose for a limited time. 2. Permits. Temporary structures shall not be erected until a permit, specifying the purpose and the period of maintenance, shall have been obtained from the super- intendent of buildings. 3. How located. Within the fire limits or the suburban limits, no temporary structure which is enclosed in any manner shall be placed on any lot nearer than 4 feet to the lot line. 4. Removal. Every temporary structure shall be removed at the expiration of the period for which the permit was issued, unless such permit is renewed. 5. Unlawful use. It shall be unlawful to use any temporary structure for any other purpose than that designated in the permit. §479. Miscellaneous frame structures. Frame structures which are of an unusual character and to which the provisions of this chapter do not directly apply, including among others, buildings for fair and exhibition purposes, towers for observation, amusement devices, greenhouses and lumber sheds, and temporary structures of any kind shall be erected in conformity to such rules, consistent with the provisions of this chapter and securing the general intent thereof, as may be adopted by the superintendent of buildings. §480. Permissible alterations. 1. Application. Subject to the requirement of this chapter as to construction, occupancy and location, any existing frame building within the fire limits or the suburban limits occupied exclusively as a residence building and having not more than 15 sleeping rooms, may be altered and enlarged of frame construction as hereafter specified in this section, provided that no such building shall be altered or enlarged to be used for any other purpose. 2. Raising in height, a. Any such building situated in a row of frame buildings may be increased in height to conform to the height of adjoining buildings. b. Any such building already exceeding 25 feet in height, that has a peaked roof, may be raised for the purpose of making a flat roof thereon, provided that the new roof is covered with incombustible material, and that, when so raised, the building shall not exceed 40 feet in height to the highest part thereof. c. Nothing in this section shall prohibit 1 story and basement residence buildings -from being increased 1 additional story in height. 121 CHAP. 5, ARTS. 23, 24, SECS. 490-493. 3. Extensions, a. Any such building may be extended, either on the front or rear, to a depth of not more than 15 feet and not more than the width of the building and not more than 2 stories and basement in height. b. If any such building has an extension of less width than the main building the same may be increased in width to the full width and height of the main building. 4. Bay windows. Any such building may have bay windows of wood placed on any story, the roofs of which may be covered with the same material as the roof of the mam building, except when such a bay window would increase the width of the building to more than 85 per cent of the width of the lot. §481. Use of masonry walls. In case approved masonry or reinforced concrete is used for the exterior walls of any building which, under the provisions of this chapter, is permitted to be of frame construction, nothing in this chapter shall prohibit all other parts of the building from being constructed as though the entire building were of frame construction. Section 490. 491. 492. 493. ARTICLE 23. ^Buildings of a Public Character. Public safety. Aisles and passageways. Enforcement of article. Exemptions. §490. Public safety. In all buildings of a public character, such as hotels, churches, theatres, restaur- ants, railroad depots, public halls, and other buildings used or intended to be used for purposes of public assembly, amusement or instruction, and including depart- ment stores and other business and manufacturing buildings where large number of people are congregated, the halls, doors, stairways, seats, passageways and aisles, and all lighting and heating appliances and apparatus shall be arranged as the fire commissioner shall direct, to facilitate egress in cases of fire or accident, and to afford the requisite and proper accommodation for the public protection in such cases. §491. Aisles and passageways. All aisles and passageways in said buildings shall be kept free from camp stools, chairs, sofas, and other obstruction, and no person shall be allowed to stand in or occupy any of said aisles or passageways during any performance, service, exhibition, lecture, concert, ball or any public assemblage. §492. Enforcement of article. The superintendent of buildings may at any time serve a written or printed notice upon the owner, lessee or manager of any of said buildings, directing any act or thing to be done or provided in or about the said buildings and the several appliances therewith connected, such as halls, doors, stairs, windows, seats, aisles, fire walls, fire apparatus and fire-escapes, as he may deem necessary. §493. Exemptions. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to authorize or require any other alter- ations to theatres existing prior to June 9, 1885, than are specified in this article. (B. C., §108.) ARTICLE 24. Motion Picture Theatres. Section 500. Plans. 501. Restrictions. 502. Construction. ♦(Amended by ord. effective Sept. 18, 1917.) 122 BUILDING CODE . Section 503. 504. 505. 506. Means of egress. Booth for projecting-machine and film. Application to existing theatres. Open-air motion-picture theatres. §500. Plans. Before the erection, construction or alteration of a building or part thereof, to be used as a motion-picture theatre, as defined in §30 of chapter 3 of this ordinance, there must be filed with the appropriate superintendent of buildings complete plans and the detailed statement of the specifications therefor, required by §3 of this chapter. The plans must show clearly and fully the location and width of all aisles, passage- ways, exits, stairways and fire escapes; the arrangement of seats; the size of floor beams, walls and supports ; the location and construction of the enclosure for the motion-picture machinery and other apparatus ; a diagram of the lot or plot upon which the theatre is to be erected or constructed, showing the outlets from all exits, and also such other statements, plans and details as may be required by the superin- tendent of buildings having jurisdiction. (C. O. §352d, subd. 1; added by ord. ap- proved July 8, 1913.) §501. Restrictions. No motion-picture theatre, as defined aforesaid, shall be constructed in a frame building within the fire limits, nor in a hotel, tenement house or lodging house, nor in a factory or workshop, except where the theatre is separated from the rest of the building by unpierced fire walls and floors, and in no case shall such a theatre be constructed or operated above or below the ground floor of any building. (C. O., §352, subd. 2.) §502. Construction. In all motion-picture theatres, as defined aforesaid, to be hereafter constructed, the following requirements shall be complied with, namely : 1. Ceilings. The ceilings of all theatres and of all rooms used in connection therewith shall be plastered with 3 coats of first-class plaster on wire mesh or metal lath, or covered with ^-inch plaster boards, and plastered or covered with metal. If there be a basement or cellar, the ceiling under the floor of .the theatre must be plastered with 3 coats of first class plaster on wire mesh or expanded metal lath, or may be covered with metal on ^ 2 -inch plaster boards. (C. O., §352d, subd. 4.) 2. Floor-loads. The flooring of that portion of the building devoted to the uses or accommodation of the public must be of sufficient strength to bear safely a live load of 90 pounds per square foot. (C. O., §352d, subd. 12.) 3. Galleries and stairways. A gallery may be permitted, except in a theatre con- structed cn a lot less than 20 feet in width, but it shall not include more than 25 per cent of the total seating capacity of the theatre. Entrance to and exit from the gallery shall in no case lead to the main floor of the theatre, and the gallery shall be provided with a stairway or stairways equipped with handrails on both sides. Stair- ways over 7 feet wide shall be provided with centre handrails. The risers of the stairways shall not exceed 1Y\ inches, and the treads, excluding nosings, shall not be less than 9j4 inches. There shall be no circular or winding stairways. The total width of the stairways shall not be less than 8 feet in the clear where the gallery accommodates 150 people; for every 50 people less than 150, accommodated by the gallery, said width may be reduced 1 foot. Stairways shall be constructed of fireproof material, and such material and the bearing capacity of such stairways shall be approved by the bureau of buildings. (C. O., §352d, subd. 4.) 4. Gradients. To overcome any difference of level between corridors, lobbies and aisles in a theatre, gradients of not over 1 foot in 10 feet, or steps having a 123 CHAP. 5 , ART. 24, SEC. 503. rise not over 8 inches and a width of not less than 10 inches shall be used. (C. O., §352d, subd. 8.) 5. Walls. If the walls of the theatre contain wooden studs they shall be covered either with expanded metal lath or wire mesh and plastered with 3 coats of first class plaster, or with metal on ^-inch plaster boards, and all joints shall be properly filled with mortar. (C. O., §352d, subd. 6.) §503. Means of egress. 1. Aisles. All aisles in a motion-picture theatre or in a gallery thereof must be at least 3 feet in the clear. (C. O., §352d, subd. 9.) 2. Chair Space. All chairs in such a theatre, except those contained in the boxes, must not be less than 32 inches from back to back and must be firmly secured to the floor ; no seat shall have more than 7 seats intervening between it and an aisle, and the space occupied by each person shall be separated from the adjoining space by means of an arm or other suitable device. '(C. O., §352d, subd. 10.) 3. Exits. A building to be erected or to be altered for use as a motion-picture theatre must be provided, on the main floor thereof, with at least 2 separate exits, 1 of which shall be in the front and the other in the rear of the structure and both leading to unobstructed outlets to the street. Where the main floor of the theatre accommodates more than 300 people, there shall be at least 3 such exits, the aggregate width in feet of which shall not be less than 1/20 of the number of persons to be accommodated therein. No exits shall be less than 5 feet in width, and there shall be a main exit, not less than 10 feet in total width. All exit doors must be fireproof and made to open outwardly, and be so arranged as not to obstruct the required width of exit or court when opened. All doors .leading to fire escapes must be not less than 40 inches wfide in the clear, and shall be located at the opposite side or end of the gallery from other exit doors. (C. O., §352d, subds. 3, 11.) 4. Exit-passageway to street. In any such building, if an unobstructed exit to a street cannot be provided at the rear thereof as herein specified, either an open court or a fireproof passageway or corridor must be provided, extending from the rear exit to the street front, at least 4 feet in the clear for theatres accommodating 100 persons or less ; the width to be increased 8 inches for every additional 100 per- sons to be accommodated. Such passageway or corridor must be constructed of fire- proof material and be at least 10 feet high in the clear. The walls forming such pas- sageway or corridor must be at least 8 inches thick, and shall be constructed of brick or other approved fireproof material. If there be a basement, the wall on the audito- rium side should either run 1 foot below the cellar bottom, or may be carried in the cellar on iron columns and girders below the cellar bottom, or on iron columns or girders properly fireproofed, according to §351 of this chapter. The ceiling of such passageway must be constructed as required by §354 of this chapter. If unobstructed rear exits or exits to a street are provided, they must be of the same total width required for the court, passageway or corridor above mentioned. The level of the open court or passageway at the front of the building shall not be greater than 1 step above the level of the sidewalk, and the grade shall not be more than 1 foot in 10, with no perpendicular risers. (C. O., §352d, subd. 3.) 5. Fire-escapes. Galleries must also be provided with at least one line of fire escapes, leading to an open court, fireproof passage or street without re-entering the same or any other building. If the fire escape leads to a point in the court nearer the street than any exit, there must be a width of not less than 4 feet in the clear between the outer edge of the fire escape and the outer wall of the court. All fire escapes must have balconies, not less than 3 feet 4 inches in width in the clear and not less than 4 feet 6 inches long and from said balconies there shall be staircases extending to the ground level, with a rise of not over 1Y\ inches and a step of not less 124 BUILDING CODE. than 9 V 2 inches, and the width of the stairs must not be less than 3 feet 4 inches. (C. O., §352d, subds. 4, 5.) §504. Booth for projecting=machine and film. Apparatus for projecting motion-pictures shall be contained in a fireproof booth or enclosure constructed as required by law. The booth in which the picture machine is operated shall be provided with an opening in its roof, or in the upper part of its side walls, leading to the outdoor air, and with a vent flue, which shall have a minimum cross sectional area of 50 square inches and shall be fireproof. When the booth is in use, there shall be a constant current of air passing outward through said opening or vent flue, at the rate of not less than 30 cubic feet per minute. The re- quirements of this section shall apply to portable booths and booths in open-air the- atres, as well as to motion-picture theatres. (C. O., §§352d, subd. 7, 352e, subd. 3.) §505. Application to existing theatres. All the provisions of this a r ticle shall apply to existing places of entertainment where motion pictures are exhibited under common show licenses, in case the seating capacity be increased ; and, in case the seating capacity be not increased, all the pro- visions of this article shall apply, except the provisions of §§500, 501, subdivisions 1, 3 and 5 of §502 and subdivisions 3, 4 and 5 of §503; but the commissioner of licenses shall have power, in his discretion, to enforce the provisions of subdivisions 3 and 4 of §503, relating to exits and courts. An existing place of entertainment seating 300 persons or less, where motion pic- tures are exhibited in conjunction with any other form of entertainment, must com- ply, before a reissuance of its license, with the provisions of article 25 of this chapter, relating to theatres seating more than 300 persons. But, if such existing place of entertainment shall discontinue all other form of entertainment except the exhibition of motion pictures, it may be licensed in accordance with the provisions of first para- graph of this section. (C. O., §§352h and 352i ; amended by ord. effective June 22, 1915.) §506. Open=air motion=picture theatres. The seating capacity of each open-air motion-picture theatre, as defined in §30 of chapter 3 of this ordinance, shall be such as shall be prescribed by the commissioner of licenses. All such theatres shall conform to the following requirements : 1. Aisles. The number and width of all aisles shall be as prescribed by the commissioner of licenses, but no aisle shall be less than 4 feet wide; (C. O., §352k.) 2. Exits. At least 2 separate exits, remote from each other, shall be provided, and no exit shall be less than 5 feet in width ; for every 25 persons to be accommo- dated in excess of 300, the total width of exits shall be increased 1 foot. All exits must be indicated by signs and red lights, and doors must open outwardly; (C. O., §352k.) 3. Seats. Seats must be stationary, with backs 32 inches apart, and so arranged that no seat shall have more than 7 seats intervening between it and an aisle. Chairs must be either securely fastened to a wood or concrete floor, or all chairs in a row must be fastened together, and at least 4 rows must be securely fastened to 1 frame; except that, where refreshments are served, tables and unattached chairs or benches used with them may be permitted; (C. O., §352k.) 4. Floors. The floor must be constructed either of wood, with sleepers, or con- crete ; it must extend at least 5 feet from the seats on all sides; provided, however, that, in the discretion of the commissioner of licenses, a gravel floor may be substi- tuted for wood or concrete. (C. O., §352k.) In addition to the foregoing requirements, the provisions of subdivision 2 and 4 of §502 and §504 of this article shall apply to all open-air motion picture theatres. (C. O., §352k.) 125 CHAP. 5 , ART. 25, SECS. 520-523. ARTICLE 25. Theatres and Other Places of Amusement. Section 520. Application of article. 521. Buildings must be approved. 522. Auditorium walls. 523. Dressing rooms. 524. Fire-extinguishing appliances. 525: Heating plant. 526. Lights. 527. Means of egress. 528. Partitions and walls. 529. Proscenium construction. 530. Protective curtain. 531. Roof of auditorium. 532. Seats. 533. Stage. 534. Miscellaneous requirements. 535. Storage rooms ; workshops. 536. Use and occupancy. 537. Jurisdiction of fire commissioner. 538. Saving clause. §520. Application of article. Every theatre or opera house or other building intended to be used for theatrical or operatic purposes, or for public entertainment of any kind, hereafter erected for the accommodation of more than 300 persons, shall be built to comply with the re- quirements of this article. No building which, at the time of the passage of this ordi- nance, is not in actual use for theatrical or operatic purposes, and no building here- after erected not in conformity with the requirements of this section, shall be used for theatrical or operatic purposes, or for public entertainment of any kind, until the same shall have been made to conform to the requirements of this article. (B. G, §109.) §521. Buildings must be approved. No building described in the preceding section of this article shall be opened to the public for theatrical or operatic purposes, or for public entertainments of any kind, until the fire commissioner and the superintendent of buildings shall have approved the same in writing as conforming to the requirements of this article. Any such building in which departure from the provisions of this article has been made under an approval of the superintendent of buildings or the board of exam- iners, and which has, previous to May 1, 1916, been approved for use by the fire commissioner and the superintendent of buildings, may be approved as conforming to the requirements of this article, so long as it is deemed reasonably safe by the fire commissioner and the superintendent of buildings, provided, however, that a building as to which the Courts have held that a permit for its alteration or recon- struction is void, shall not be approved. (Amended by ord. appd. Jan. 6, 1917.) §522. Auditorium walls. Interior walls built of fireproofing materials shall separate the auditorium from the entrance vestibule, and from any room or rooms over the same, also from lobbies, corridors, refreshment or other rooms. (B. C., §109.) §523. Dressing rooms. Dressing rooms may be placed in the fly galleries, provided that proper exits are secured therefrom to the fire escapes in the open courts, and that the partitions 126 BUILDING CODE. and other matters pertaining to dressing rooms shall conform to the requirements herein contained, but the stairs leading to the same shall be fireproof. All dress- ing rooms shall have an independent exit leading directly into a court or street, and shall be ventilated by windows in the external walls; and no dressing room shall be below the street level. All windows shall be arranged to open, and none of the windows in outside walls shall have fixed sashes, iron grills or bars. (B. C., §109.) §524. Fire=extinguishing appliances. In every building described in §520 of this article there shall be provided : 1. Hose. A proper and sufficient quantity of inch hose, not less than 100 feet in length, fitted with the regulation couplings of the fire department and with nozzles attached thereto, and with hose spanners at each outlet, shall always be kept attached to each hose attachment as the fire commissioner may direct. (B. C., §109.) 2. Sprinkler system. A separate and distinct system of automatic sprinklers, with fusible plugs, approved by the superintendent of buildings, supplied with water from a tank located on the roof over the stage and not connected in any manner with the stand pipes, shall be placed at each side of the proscenium opening and on the ceiling or roof over the stage at such intervals as will protect every square foot of stage surface when said sprinklers are in operation. Automatic sprinklers shall also be placed, whenever practicable, in the dressing rooms under the stage and in the carpenter shop, paint rooms, store rooms and property room. (B. C., §109.) 3. Stand pipes. Stand pipes 4 inches in diameter shall be provided with hose attachments on every floor and gallery as follows, namely: One on each side of the auditorium in each tier, also on each side of the stage in each tier, and at least one in the property room and one in the carpenter’s shop, if the same be contiguous to the building. All such stand pipes shall be kept clear from obstruction. Said stand pipes shall be separate and distinct, receiving their supply of water direct from the power Dump or pumps, and shall be fitted with the regulation couplings of the fire depart- ment, and shall be kept constantly filled with water by means of an automatic power pump or pumps, of sufficient capacity to supply all the lines of hose when operated simultaneously, and said pump or pumps shall be supplied from the street main and be ready for immediate use at all times during any performance in said building. In addition to the requirements contained in this section, the stand pipes shall also con- form to the requirements contained in §581 of this chapter. (B. C, §109.) 4. Miscellaneous. There shall also be kept in readiness for immediate use on the stage, at least 4 casks full of water, and 2 buckets to each cask. Said casks and buckets shall be painted red. There shall also be provided hand pumps or other portable fire extinguishing apparatus and at least 4 axes and 2 25-foot hooks, 2 15-foot hooks, and 2 10-foot hooks on each tier or floor of the stage. (B. C, §109.) §525. Heating plant. Every steam boiler which may be required for heating or other purposes shall be located outside of the building. The space allotted to the same shall be inclosed by walls of masonry on all sides, and the ceiling of such space shall be constructed of fireproof materials. All doorways in the walls of boiler-rooms shall have fireproof doors. No floor register for heating shall be permitted. No coil or radiator shall be placed in any aisle or passage way used as an exit, but all said coils and radiators shall be placed in recesses formed in the wall or partition to receive the same. All supply, return or exhaust pipes shall be properly incased and protected where passing through floors or near woodwork. (B. C, §109.) §526. Lights. 1. Adequacy. Every portion of the building devoted to the uses or accommoda- tion of the public, also all outlets leading to the streets and including the open courts 127 CHAP. 5, ART. 25, SEC. 527. or corridors, shall be well and properly lighted during every performance, and the same shall remain lighted until the entire audience has left the premise.s. When interior gas lights are not lighted by electricity, other suitable appliances, to be ap- proved by the superintendent of buildings, shall be provided. (B. C., §109.) 2. Corridors and passageways. All gas or electric lights in the halls, corridors, lobby or any other part of said buildings used by the audience, except the auditorium, must be controlled by a separate shut-off, located in the lobby and controlled only in that particular place. (B. C., §109.) 3. Fireproofing. No gas or electric light shall be inserted in the walls, wood- work, ceilings, or in any part of the building, unless protected by fireproof materials. (B. C., §109.) 4. Gas connections. Gas mains supplying the building shall have independent connections for the auditorium and the stage, and provision shall be made for shutting off the gas from the outside of the building. (B. C., §109.) 5. Nettings. All suspended or bracket lights surrounded by glass in the audi- torium, or in any part of the building devoted to the public, shall be provided with proper wire netting underneath. All lights in passages and corridors in said buildings, wherever deemed necessary by the superintendent of buildings, shall be protected with proper wire network. (B. C., §109.) 6. Stage lights. All stage lights shall have strong metal wire guards or screens, not less than 10 inches in diameter, so constructed that any material in contact there- with shall be out of reach of the flames of said stage lights, and must be soldered to the fixture in all cases. The foot lights, in addition to the wire network, shall be protected with a strong wire guard and chain, placed not less than 2 feet distant from said foot lights, and the trough containing them shall be formed of and surrounded by fireproof materials. All border lights shall be constructed according to the best known methods, subject to the approval of the superintendent of buildings, and shall be suspended for 10 feet by wire rope. (B. C., §109.) 7. Ventilators. All ducts or shafts used for conducting heated air from the main chandelier, or from any other light or lights, shall be constructed of metal and made double, with an air space between. B. C., §109.) §527. Means of egress. 1. Exits to streets. Every theatre accommodating 300 persons shall have at least 2 exits ; when accommodating 500 persons, at least 3 such exits shall be provided ; these exits not referring to or including the exits to the open court at the side of the theatre. Every such building shall have one or more fronts on the streets, and in such fronts there shall be suitable means of entrance and exit for the audience, aggregating not less than 25 feet in width. The entrance of the main front of the building shall be not on a higher level from the sidewalk than 4 steps, unless ap- proved by the superintendent of buildings. Each exit shall be at least 5 feet in width in the clear and provided with doors of iron or wood; if of wood, the doors shall be constructed as hereinbefore prescribed in this chapter. All of said doors shall open outwardly, and shall be fastened with movable bolts, the bolts to be kept drawn during performances. (Amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) 2. Exits to courts. In addition to the aforesaid entrances and exits on the street, there shall be reserved, for service in case of an emergency, an open court or space on each side of the auditorium not bordering on a street. The unobstructed, clear width of every such open court or space shall be not less than 8 feet where the total number of persons to be accommodated in the auditorium is not over 700, increasing pro- portionately in width above 8 feet in the ratio of 1 foot for every 500 persons above 700 to be accommodated. Every such open court or space shall extend, from each and every exit required to lead thereto, to a street or open public space and opening 128 BUILDING CODE. thereon, either directly or through a corridor or passageway of fireproof construction, not less than 10 feet high in the clear, having an unobstructed clear width equal to that required for the open court or space and separated completely by solid walls, floors and ceilings from the building or structure through which it passes, provided that no such corridor or passageway shall pass under any portion of the auditorium or stage. From the auditorium opening into the said open courts or on a street, there shall be not less than 2 exits on each side in each tier from and including the parquet and each gallery. The said open courts, spaces, corridors and passage- ways shall not be used for storage purposes, or for any purpose whatsoever, except for exit and entrance from and to the auditorium and stage, and must be kept free and clear during performances. Any open court or space may be used in com- mon for 2 or more auditoriums, provided the unobstructed clear width of such open court or space is equal to that required for the total number of persons to be accommodated in all the auditoriums opening on the same. (Amended by ord. ap- proved Aug. 8, 1916.) 3. Doorways of exits. Doorways of exit or entrance for the use of the public shall be not less than 5 feet in width, and for every additional 100 persons or portions thereof to be accommodated, in excess of 500, an aggregate of 20 inches additional exit width must be allowed. All doors of exit or entrance shall open outwardly and be hung to swing in such a manner as not to become an obstruction in a passage or corridor, and no such doors shall be closed and locked during any representation, or when the building is open to the public. (B. C., §109.) 4. Foyers, lobbies and corridors. The aggregate capacity of the foyers, lobbies, corridors, passages and rooms for the use of the audience, not including toilet rooms or aisle space between seats, shall, on each floor or gallery be sufficient to contain the entire number to be accommodated on said floor or gallery, in the ratio of 150 square feet of clear floor space for every 100 persons. The level of said corridors, at the front entrance to the building, shall be not greater than one step above the level of the sidewalk where they begin at the street entrance. During the perform- ance the doors or gates in the corridors shall be kept open by proper fastenings ; at other times they may be closed and fastened by movable bolts. (Amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) 5. Aisles. All aisles on the respective floors of the auditorium shall be not less than 3 feet wide where they begin, and shall be increased in width, toward the exits, in a ratio of 1 inches to 5 running feet. Where exits, corridors, passages or cross- over aisles are provided at both ends of any aisle, the said aisle shall be uniform in width and not less than the average width obtained by increasing the width of the aisle from the starting point to the end, as hereinbefore prescribed. (B. C., §109; amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) 6. Gradients. Gradients or inclined planes shall be employed instead of steps, where possible, to overcome slight difference of level in or between aisles, corridors and passages. To overcome any difference of level in and between courts, corridors, lobbies, passages and aisles, gradients shall be employed of not over 1 foot in 12 feet, with no perpendicular risers, except that in aisles runs of not more than 10 feet in length they may be 1 in 8. (Amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) 7. Gallery exits. Distinct and separate places of exit and entrance shall be pro- vided for each gallery above the first. A common place of exit and entrance may serve for the main floor of the auditorium and the first galley, provided its capacity be equal to the aggregate capacity of the outlets from the main floor and the said gallery. No passage leading to any stairway communicating with any entrance or exit shall be less than 4 feet in width, in any part thereof. From the auditorium opening into the said open courts or on the side street, there shall be not less than 129 CHAP. 5 , ART. 25, SEC. 527. 2 exits on each side in each tier, fro'm and including the parquet and each and every gallery. (B. C., §109.) 8. Staircases to galleries. Where the seating capacity is for more than 1,000 people, there shall be at least 2 independent staircases, with direct exterior outlets provided for each gallery in the auditorium, where there are not more than 2 galleries, and the same shall be located on opposite sides of said galleries. Where there are more than 2 galleries, 1 or more additional staircases shall be provided, the outlets from which shall communicate directly with the principal exit or other exterior out- lets. All such staircases shall be of width proportionate to the seating capacity as elsewhere herein prescribed. Where the seating capacity is for 1,000 people, or less, 2 direct lines of staircases only shall be required, located on opposite sides of the galleries, and in both cases shall extend from the sidewalk level to the upper gallery, with outlets from each gallery to each of said staircases. All inside stairways leading to the upper galleries of the auditorium shall be inclosed on both sides with walls of fireproof materials. Stairs leading to the first or lower gallery may be left open on one side, in which case they shall be constructed as herein provided for similar stairs leading from the entrance hall to the main floor of the auditorium. But in no case shall stairs leading to any gallery be left open on both sides. No doors shall be open immediately upon a flight of stairs, but a landing at least the width of the door shall be provided between such stairs and such door. (B. C, §109.) 9. Stage staircases. At least 2 independent staircases, with direct exterior out- lets, shall also be provided fo'r the service of the stage and shall be located on the opposite sides of the same. (B. C., §109.) 10. Stairways. All staircases for the use of the audience shall be inclosed with walls of brick, or of fireproof materials approved by the superintendent of buildings, in the stories through which they pass, and the openings to said staircases from each tier shall be of the full width of said staircase. All stairs within the building shall be constructed of fireproof material throughout. Stairs from balconies and galleries shall not communicate with the basement or cellar. All stairs shall have treads of uniform width and risers of uniform height throughout in each flight. Stairways serving for the exit of 50 people shall be at least 4 feet wide between railings or between walls, and for every additional 50 people to be accommodated 6 inches must be added to their width. The width of all stairs shall be measured in the clear between hand rails. In no case shall the risers of any stairs exceed 7j4 inches in height, nor shall the treads, exclusive of nosings, be less than 10^4 inches wide in straight stairs. No circular or winding stairs for the use of the public shall be permitted. When straight stairs return directly on themselves, a landing of the full width of both flights, without steps, shall be provided. The outer line of landings shall be curved to a radius of not less than 2 feet to avoid square angles. Stairs turning at an angle shall have a proper landing without winders introduced at said turn. In stairs, when 2 side flights connect with one main flight, no windows shall be introduced, and the width of the main flight shall be at least equal to the aggregate width of the side flights. All stairs shall have proper landings introduced at convenient distances. (K C, §109.) 11. Stairway hand rails. All inclosed staircases shall have, on both sides, strong hand rails firmly secured to the wall, about 3 inches distant therefrom and about 3 feet above the stairs, but said hand rails shall not run o'n level platforms and landings where the same is more in length than the width of the stairs. All staircases 8 feet and over in width shall be provided with a centre hand rail of metal, not less than 2 inches in diameter, placed at a height of about 3 feet above the centre of the treads, and supported on wrought metal or brass standards of sufficient strength, placed not nearer than 4 feet nor more than 6 feet apart, and securely bolted to the treads or 130 BUILDING CODE. risers of stairs, or both, and at the head of each flight of stairs, on each landing, the post or standard shall be at least 6 feet in height, to which the rail shall be secured. (B. C, §109.) 12. Fire-escapes . There shall be balconies, not less than 6 feet in width, in the said open court or courts at each level or tier above the parquet, o'n each side of the auditorium, of sufficient length to embrace the 2 exits, and from said balconies there shall be staircases extending to the ground level, with a rise of not over 8J4 inches to a step and not less than 9 inches tread, exclusive of the nosing. The staircase from the upper balcony to the next below shall be not less than 48 inches in width clear, and from the first balcony to the ground 4 feet in width in the clear where the seating capacity of the auditorium is for 1,000 people or less, 4 feet 6 inches in the clear where above 1,000 and not more than 1,800 people, and 5 feet in the clear where above 1,800 people and not more than 2,500 people, and not over 5 feet 6 inches in the clear where above 2,500 people. All the before mentioned balconies and staircases shall be constructed of iron throughout, including the floors, and of ample strength to sustain the load to be carried by them, and they shall be covered with a metal hood or awning, to be constructed in such manner as shall be approved by the superintendent of buildings. Where one side o'f the building borders on the street, there shall be balconies and staircases of like capacity and kind, as before mentioned, carried to the ground. (B. G, §109.) 13. Diagram of exits. A diagram or plan of each tier, gallery or floor, showing distinctly the exits therefrom, each occupying a space not less than 15 square inches, shall be printed in black lines in a legible manner on the programme o'f the perform- ance. Every exit shall have over the same on the inside the word “Exit” painted in legible letters not less than 8 inches high. (B. C., §109.) §528. Partitions and walls. The partitions in that portion of the building which contain the auditorium, the entrance and vestibule and every room and passage devoted to the use of the audience shall be constructed of firepro'of materials including the furring of outside or other walls. The walls separating the actor’s dressing rooms from the stage and the parti- tions dividing the dressing rooms, together with the partitions of every passageway from the same to the stage, and all other partitions on or about the stage, shall be constructed of fireproof material approved by the superintendent of buildings. All doors in any of said partitions shall be fireproof. (B. G, §109.) §529. Proscenium construction. A fire wall, built of brick, shall separate the auditorium from the stage. The same shall extend at least 4 feet above the stage roof, or the auditorium roof, if the latter be the higher and shall be coped. Above the proscenium opening there shall be an iron girder of sufficient strength safely to support the load above, and the same shall be covered with fireproof materials to protect it from the heat. Should there be con- structed an orchestra over the stage, above the proscenium opening, the said orchestra shall be placed on the auditorium side of the proscenium fire wall, and shall be entered only frc/m the auditorium side of said wall. The molded frame around the proscenium opening shall be formed entirely of fireproof materials; if metal be used, the metal shall be filled in solid with non-combustible material and securely anchored to the wall with iron. No doorway o’r opening through the proscenium wall, from the auditorium, shall be allowed above the level of the first floor, and such first floor openings shall have fireproof doors on each face of the wall, and the doo'rs shall be hung so as to be opened from either side at all times. (B. G, §109.) §530. Protective curtain. The proscenium opening shall be provided with a fireproof metal curtain, or a curtain of asbestos or other fireproof material approved by the superintendent of build- 131 CHAP. 5, ART. 25, SECS. 531-533. ings, sliding at each end within iron grooves, securely fastened to the brick wall and extending into such grooves to a depth not less than 6 inches on each side of the opening. The proscenium curtains shall be placed at least 3 feet distant from the foo't-lights, at the nearest point. Said fireproof curtain shall be raised at the com- mencement of each performance and lowered at the close thereof, and be operated by approved machinery for that purpose. (B. C., §109.) §531. Roof of auditorium. The roof over the auditorium and the entire main floor of the auditorium and vestibule, also the entire floor of the second story of the front superstructure over the entrance, lobby and corridors, and all galleries and support for the same in the audi- torium shall be constructed of iron and steel and fireproof materials, not excluding the use of wood floorboards and necessary sleepers to which to fasten the same, but such sleepers shall not mean timbers of support, and the space between the sleepers, excepting a portion under the stepping in the galleries, which shall be properly fire stopped, shall be solidly filled with incombustible material up to the under side of the floor boards. (B. C., §109.) §532. Seats. All seats in the auditorium, excepting those contained in boxes, shall be not less than 32 inches from back to back, measured in a horizontal direction, and firmly secured to the floor. There shall be not more than 14 seats in any row extending from one aisle to another, nor more than 7 seats in any row extending from one aisle to a wall. No stool or seat shall be placed in any aisle. All platforms in galleries formed to receive the seats shall not be more than 21 inches in height of riser, nor less than 32 inches in width of platform. (Amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) §533. Stage. 1. Construction. All that portion of the stage not comprised in the working of scenery, traps and other mechanical apparatus for the presentation of a scene, usually equal to the width of the proscenium opening, shall be built off iron or steel beams filled in between with fireproof material, and all girders for the support of said beams shall be of wrought iron or rolled steel. The fly galleries entire, including pin-rails, shall be constructed of iron or steel, and the floors of said galleries shall be composed of iron or steel beams, filled with fireproof materials, and no wood boards or sleepers shall be used as covering over beams, but the said floors shall be entirely fireproof. The rigging loft shall be fireproof, (B. C., §109.) 2. Skylights. There shall be provided over the stage, metal skylights of an area or combined area of at least *4 the area of said stage, fitted up with sliding sash and glazed with double thick sheet glass not exceeding 1-12 of an inch thick, and each pane thereof measuring not less than 300 square inches and the whole of which skylight shall be so constructed as to open instantly on the cutting or burning of a hempen cord, which shall be arranged to hold said skylights closed, or some other equally simple approved device for opening them may be provided. Immediately underneath the glass of said skylights there shall be wire netting, but wire glass shall not be used in lieu of this requirement. (B. C-, §109.) 3. Scenery and fittings. All stage scenery, curtains and decorations made of combustible material, and all woodwork on or about the stage, shall be painted or saturated with some non-combustible material or otherwise rendered safe against fire, and the finishing coats of paint applied to all woodwork through the entire building shall be of such kind as will resist fire, to the satisfaction of the superintendent of buildings having jurisdiction. (B. C., §109.) 132 BUILDING CODE. §534. Miscellaneous requirements. 1. Ceilings. The ceiling under each gallery shall be entirely formed of fireproof materials. The ceiling of the auditorium shall be formed of fireproof materials. (B. G, §109; amended by ord. effective June 22, 1915.) 2. Ceiling coverings . None of the walls or ceilings shall be covered with wood sheathing, canvas or any combustible material. But this shall not exclude the use of wood wainscoting to a height not to exceed 6 feet, which shall be filled in solid be- tween the wainscoting and the wall with fireproof materials. (B. C, §109.) 3. Fronts of galleries. The fronts of each gallery shall be formed of fireproof materials, except the capping, which may be made of wood. (B. C, §109.) 4. Lathing. All lathing, whenever used, shall be of wire or other metal. (B. C, §109.) 5. Shelving and cupboards. All shelving and cupboards in each and every dressing room, property room or other storage rooms, shall be constructed of metal, slate or some fireproof material. (B. C, §109.) §535. Storage rooms; workshops. No workshop, storage or general property room shall be allowed above the audi- torium or stage, or under the same or in any of the fly galleries. All of said rooms or shops may be located in the rear or at the side of the stage, but in such cases they shall be separated from the stage by a brick wall, and the openings leading into said portions shall have fireproof doors on each side of the openings, hung to iron eyes built into the wall. (B. C, §109.) §536. Use and occupancy. 1. Restrictions. No portion of any building hereafter erected or altered, used or intended to be used for theatrical or other purposes as in this section specified, shall be occupied or used as a hotel, boarding or lodging house, factory, workshop or manufactory, or for storage purposes, except as may be hereafter specially provided for. This restriction relates not only to that portion of the building which contains the auditorium and the stage, but applies also 'to the entire structure in conjunction therewith. No store or room contained in the building or the offices, stores or apart- ments adjoining, as aforesaid, shall be let or used for carrying on any business, dealing in articles designated as specially hazardous in the classification of the New York Board of Fire Underwriters, or for manufacturing purposes. No lodging accommo- dations shall be allowed in any part of the building communicating with the audi- torium. When located on a corner lot, that portion of the premises bordering on the side street and not required for the uses of the theatre may, if such portion be not more than 25 feet in width, be used for offices, stores or apartments, provided the walls separating this portion from the theatre proper are carried up solidly to and through the roof, and that a fireproof exit is provided for the theatre on each tier, equal to the combined width of exits opening on opposite sides in each tier, com- municating with balconies and staircases leading to the street in manner provided elsewhere in this section ; said exit passages shall be entirely cut off by brick walls from said offices, stores or apartments, and the floors and ceilings in each tier shall be fireproof. (B. C, §109; as amended by ord. effective June 22, 1915.) 2. Above theatre. Nothing herein contained shall prevent a roof garden, art gallery or rooms for similar purposes being placed above a theatre or public building, provided the floor of the same, forming the roof over such theatre or building, shall be constructed of iron or steel and fireproof materials, and that said floor shall have no covering boards or sleepers of wood, but shall be of tile or cement. Every roof over said garden or rooms shall have all supports and rafters of iron or steel, and be covered with glass or fire-proof materials, or both, but no such roof garden, art 133 CHAP. 5 , ARTS. 25-27 , SECS. 537-561. gallery or room for any public purposes shall be placed over or above that portion of any theatre or other building which is used as a stage. (B. C, §109.) §537. Jurisdiction of fire commissioner. The stand pipes, gas pipes, electric wires, hose, foot lights and all apparatus for the extinguishing of fire or guarding against the same, as in this article specified, shall be in charge and under control of the fire department, and the fire commissioner is hereby directed to see that the provisions of this article relating thereto are carried out and enforced. (B. C., §109.) §538. Saving clause. The provisions of the foregoing article shall not be construed to mean or made to apply to any theatre, opera house or building intended to be used for theatrical or operatic purposes, lawfully erected prior to June 3, 1904, nor to any public dance hall which was approved by the Superintendent of Buildings having jurisdiction and which was licensed as a public dance hall on September 30, 1916. (Amended by ord. appd. November 16, 1916.) Section 550. 551. 552. Section 560. 561. 562. 563. 564. 565. 566. 567. 568. ARTICLE 26. Miscellaneous Structures. Exhibition buildings. (Repealed by ord. effective Nov. 23, 1915.) Grain elevators. (Repealed by ord. effective Dec. 28, 1915.) Smokehouses. (Repealed by ord. effective Nov. 23, 1915.) ^ARTICLE 27. Elevators. Definitions. Rules. Permits. Certificate. Record of passenger elevators. Inspection. Riding on elevators restricted. Operators. Accidents. §560. Definitions. For the purposes of this article, the term a — Elevator shall mean any device, within or in connection with a building or structure, used for carrying persons or things upward or downward; b — Passenger elevator shall mean and include any elevator designed and used for carrying persons, other than those necessary for its safe operation or for the handling of things carried by it; c — Freight elevator shall mean and include any elevator designed and used for the carrying of things and of such persons only as are necessary for its safe operation or the handling of things carried by it; a — Amusement device shall mean and include all mechanically operated devices which are used to convey persons in any direction as a form of amusement. §561. Rules. The superintendent of buildings shall make rules consistent with the provisions of this article, regulating, with a view to safety, the construction, maintenance and operation of all elevators and amusement devices, now existing or hereafter installed. ♦Amended by ord. adopted Dec. 14, 1915, effective Mch. 14, 1916. 134 BUILDING CODE. §562. Permits. No passenger or freight elevator shall hereafter be installed or altered in any building, nor shall any amusement device be hereafter constructed or altered, until the owner or lessee, or the agent, architect or contractor or any of them, shall have submitted to the superintendent of buildings, in such form as the superintendent may prescribe, an application accompanied by plans and drawings showing the proposed construction and mode of operation, and such application has been approved by the superintendent and a permit has been issued by him. Repairs to elevators and amuse- ment devices may be made without filing such application, except when such repairs include a change in the type of elevator or of its motive power, or when any change in safety devices or operating mechanism is made. §563. Certificate. Whenever a passenger or freight elevator or an amusement device is hereafter installed or constructed, it shall be unlawful for the owner or lessee to operate or permit the operation or use of the same until a certificate shall have been obtained from the superintendent of buildings that such elevator or amusement device has been inspected and has been found to be safe. The superintendent of buildings shall, within a reasonable time after being requested to do so, inspect or cause to be, inspected any elevator or amusement device hereafter installed or constructed, and, if the same is found to be safe and in conformity with the provisions of this article and the rules adopted thereunder, shall issue a certificate to that effect. Nothing herein contained shall prevent the temporary use, under a certificate issued by the superin- tendent of buildings, of any elevator during construction, provided a notice is con- spicuously posted on or in connection with such elevator to the effect that such ele- vator has not been officially approved. §564. Record of passenger elevators. Every passenger elevator shall be given a serial number for purposes of identifica- tion. In the case of elevators hereafter installed such serial number shall be assigned when the first certificate is issued, and in the case of existing elevators, as soon as inspection can be made for that purpose. A docket of all passenger elevators shall be kept in each borough, giving under the corresponding serial number a description of its location sufficient for identification, together with such other information as to type of construction, motive power, rise, rated speed, inspection, etc., as the superintendent of buildings may deem desirable. The owner or lessee, or agent of either, shall cause such number, together with the most recent certificate of inspection, to be attached or posted in the elevator car in the manner prescribed by the rules. §565. Inspection. The superintendent of buildings shall cause an inspection of all passenger elevators to be made at least once in every 3 months, and of freight elevators and amuse- ment devices at least twice in each year. Upon notice from the superintendent of buildings, or his duly authorized representative, any repairs found necessary to such elevators or amusement devices shall be made without delay by the owner or lessee, and, in case defects are found to exist, which, in the continued use of such elevator or amusement device, are dangerous to life or limb, then the use of such elevator or amusement device shall cease, and it shall not again be used until a certificate shall be first obtained from said superintendent of buildings that such elevator or amusement device has been made safe. After every inspection, which shows any elevator or amusement device to be safe and in conformity with the requirements of this article and the rules adopted thereunder, the superintendent of buildings shall issue a certificate to that effect. 135 CHAP. 5, ARTS. 27-2S, SECS. 566-580. §566. Riding on elevators restricted. It shall be unlawful for any person, other than the operator or those necessary to handle freight, to ride on, or for the owner or lessee of any elevator knowingly to permit any person to ride on, any elevator other than a passenger elevator. Every freight elevator shall have a notice posted conspicuously thereon as follows : THIS IS NOT A PASSENGER ELEVATOR. IT IS UNLAWFUL FOR ANY PERSON, OTHER THAN THE OPERATOR OR THOSE NECESSARY TO HANDLE FREIGHT, TO RIDE ON THIS ELEVATOR. §567. Operators. Except as may be specifically provided in any other law or ordinance, every passenger elevator, except full automatic push button elevators and escalators, must be in charge of a competent operator of reliable and industrious habits, not less than 18 years of age, with sufficient previous experience in running an elevator, under the instruction of a competent person. No operators of amusement devices known as electrically operated scenic railroads, shall be employed who have not attained the age of 21 years and who have not secured a certificate of competency from the superintendent of buildings. In case the superintendent of buildings shall find that the person engaged in running an elevator is incompetent or not qualified, the owner or lessee of such elevator shall, upon notice from the superintendent of buildings, at once discontinue the operation of such elevator by such operator. No person shall employ or permit any person to operate any passenger elevator who does not possess the qualifications prescribed therefor by this or any other law or ordinance. §568. Accidents. The owner or lessee, or person in charge, of any passenger or freight elevator or amusement device shall immediately notify the superintendent of buildings of each and every accident to a person or damage to apparatus on about or in connection with such elevator or amusement device, and shall afford the superintendent of buildings or his representative every facility for investigating such accident or damage. The superintendent of buildings shall without delay, after being notified, make an investi- gation, and shall place on file in the bureau of buildings a full and complete report of such investigation. Such report shall give in detail all material facts and information* available and the cause or causes so far as they can be determined, and shall be open to public inspection at all reasonable hours. When an accident involves the failure or destruction of any part of the construction or operating mechanism of a passenger elevator or amusement device, said passenger elevator or amusement device shall not be used until it has been made safe, and the superintendent of buildings, may, if deemed necessary, order the discontinuance of the same until a certificate has been issued by him for its use, but no part of the damaged construction or operating mechanism shall be removed from the premises until permission to do so has been granted by the superintendent of buildings or his representative. ^ARTICLE 28. Fire Extinguishing Appliances. Section 580. General provisions. 581. Standpipes. §580. General provisions. Except as otherwise specifically provided in this article, or by any law or ordi- nance, all buildings now existing or hereafter erected, shall be provided with such tanks, standpipes, automatic sprinklers, hose nozzles, wrenches, fire extinguishers, *As amended by ord. adopted Dec. 7, 1915, effective Mch. 7, 1916. 136 BUILDING CODE. hooks, axes and such other appliances as may be required by and conforming to the rules of the fire commissioner, adopted or amended in the manner prescribed by this chapter for the rules of the superintendent of buildings. §581. Standpipes. 1. When required. Standpipes, constructed and installed as hereinafter required, shall be provided : a — In every building now existing and exceeding 85 feet in height, which is not already provided with a 3-inch or larger standpipe ; b — In every building hereafter erected or altered to exceed 85 feet in height; c — In every building exceeding 10,000 square feet in area. 2. Size. Standpipes hereafter placed in any building shall be not less than 4 inches in diameter for buildings or parts thereof not exceeding 150 feet in height, not less than 6 inches in diameter for buildings or parts thereof exceeding 150 feet and not exceeding 250 feet in height, and not less than 8 inches in diameter for build- ings or parts thereof exceeding 250 feet in height. 3. Number and location. The number of standpipes in any building shall be such that all parts of each story are within the reach of at least one stream supplied by hose not exceeding ICO feet in length. When a building requiring standpipes faces on more than one street, at least one standpipe shall be installed for each street front, provided that for intersecting street fronts one standpipe shall be sufficient for each intersection. So far as practicable standpipes shall be placed within stair enclosures ; otherwise they shall be as near the stairs as possible. All standpipes shall extend from the lowest story to and above the roof. 4. Construction. All standpipes hereafter installed shall be constructed as pre- scribed by the rules of the fire commissioner and shall be provided with such outlets and equipped with such appliances as required by said rules. All standpipes shall extend to the street and shall be provided at or near the sidewalk with approved Siamese connections. When there is more than one standpipe in any building all shall be cross-connected in an approved manner below the sidewalk level. ARTICLE 29. Section 600. 601. 602. 603. 604. Plumbing and Other Systems of Piping. Rules. Shut-off valves. Tests of plumbing. Tests of gas-piping. Registration of plumbers. §600. Rules. The plumbing and drainage systems, water supply pipes, gas-piping, steam or hot water heating or power systems, refrigerating systems and other systems of pipes or apparatus for holding or conveying gases, vapors or fluids hereafter installed and maintained in or upon any building in the city shall conform to such rules as may be provided for by law or may be found necessary for the protection of life, health or property, and adopted by the superintendent of buildings. No person shall use or permit the use of any such system, piping or apparatus installed or maintained in violation of any of the provisions of this article or the rules adopted hereunder. Said rules, hereafter adopted, and any changes thereof, shall be published in the City Record on 8 successive Mondays before they shall become operative. (B. C., §141 ; amended by ord. approved Nov. 14, 1914.) Nothing herein contained or in the rules adopted hereunder shall require the alter- ation or reconstruction of any existing work that was lawfully installed, nor prevent 137 CHAP. 5, ART. 29, SECS . 601-604. repairs or the addition of new fixtures to existing work in conformity with the practice followed in the original installation ; provided, however, that, when such repairs involve the removal or alteration of more than one-half of the existing work affected by the repairs, the rules in force at the time of such repairs shall apply. (B. C., §141; amended by ord. approved Nov. 14, 1914.) §601. Shut=off valves. Every building hereafter erected and also every existing building, other than residence buildings occupied exclusively by one or two families and having not more than 15 sleeping rooms, which may be supplied from some outside source with gas, vapor or fluid, except potable waters, shall have a conveniently accessible stopcock or other suitable device fixed to the supply pipes leading into the building at a place outside of the building, so arranged as to allow the supply to be shut off. Such stop- cock or other device shall be so marked as to indicate either the contents and purpose of the supply pipe to which it is attached, or the company to which the device belongs. (Amended by ord. effective Feb. 20, 1917.) §602. Tests of plumbing. No person shall use or permit the use of any new system of plumbing and drainage hereafter installed in any building before the same has been tested, under the super- vision of the bureau of buildings and in accordance with its rules, to insure the tightness of the system, nor until a proper and adequate water supply has been pro- vided. The superintendent of buildings shall, within a reasonable time after being requested to do so, cause to be inspected and tested any system of plumbing and drainage that is ready for such inspection and test, and, if the work is found satisfactory and the test requirements are complied with, he shall issue a certificate to that effect. Nothing herein contained shall prevent the inspection and test of the part of a system or the issuance of a partial certificate, nor prevent the use of such part of a larger system, provided that such part constitutes by itself a complete system properly tested and supplied with water. (B. C., §141; amended by ord. approved Nov. 14, 1914.) §603. Tests of gas=piping. No person shall use or permit the use of any new system or an extension of an old system of gas piping in any building before the same has been inspected and tested, under the supervision of the bureau of buildings and in accordance with its rules, to insure the tightness of the system. The superintendent of buildings shall, within a reasonable time after being requested to do so, cause to be inspected and tested any system of gas piping that is ready for such inspection and test, and, if the work is found satisfactory and the test requirements are complied with, he shall issue a certificate to that effect. Nothing herein contained shall prevent the use of existing systems of gas piping without further inspection or test, unless the superintendent of buildings has reason to believe that defects exist which make the system dangerous to life or property. (B. C., §141; amended by ord. approved Nov. 14, 1914.) §604. Registration of plumbers. a. Once in each year every employing or master plumber carrying on his trade, business or calling in the city shall register his name and address at the office of the bureau of buildings in the borough of the said city in which he performs work, under such rules as the said bureau may prescribe. Such registration may be cancelled by the superintendent of buildings for a violation of the rules and regulations for plumbing or drainage of such city duly adopted, or in force pursuant to the provisions of this article, or whenever the person so registered ceases to hold a certificate from the examining board of plumbers or to be actually engaged in the business of master or 138 BUILDING CODE. employing plumber, after a hearing had before said superintendent, upon prior notice of not less than 10 days. b. No person, corporation or copartnership shall engage in or carry on the trade, business or calling of employing or master plumber in the city unless the name and address of such person and the president, secretary or treasurer of the corporation, or of each and every member of the copartnership shall have been registered as above provided. c. It shall be unlawful for any person, corporation or copartnership in the city of New York, unless said person, corporation or copartnership shall have complied with the requirements of this section, to hold him or themselves out to the public as a master or employing plumber by the use of the word “plumber” or “plumbing,” or words of similar import or meaning, on signs, cards, stationery or in any other manner whatsoever. d. It shall be unlawful for any person, corporation or copartnership in the city of New York to engage in or carry on the trade, business or calling of employing or master plumber, unless such person, corporation or copartnership has conspicuously posted in the window of the place where such business is conducted, a metal plate or sign appropriately lettered or marked “licensed plumber,” in accordance with rules adopted by the superintendent of buildings. e. No person, corporation or copartnership registered as provided in this section, or who holds a certificate from the examining board of plumbers, shall, for the benefit of any person engaged in the plumbing business who is not so registered, apply for, receive or make use of, any permit granted to him by reason of being so registered, or holding such certificate from the examining board of plumbers. (B. C. §141 ; amended by ords. effective Nov. 14, 1914, and July 7, 1916.) ARTICLE 30. Section 620. 621. 622. 623. 624. Altering, Changing or Demolishing Buildings. Alteration of brick buildings. (Repealed by ord. effective Nov. 23, 1915.) Altering use of frame buildings. (Repealed by ord. effective Nov. 23, 1915.) Increasing height of buildings. (Repealed by ord. effective Nov. 23, 1915.) Raising or lowering to grade. Demolishing buildings. (Repealed by ord. effective Dec. 28, 1915.) §623. Raising or lowering to grade. If any building shall have been built before the street upon which it is located is graded, or if the grade is altered, such building may be raised or lowered to meet the requirements of such grade. (B. C., §142.) ^ARTICLE 31. Section 630. 631. 632. 633. 634. 635. Unsafe Buildings and Collapsed Structures. Removal or repair of buildings. Record and notice of unsafe buildings. Voluntary abatement. Disregard of notice; survey. Judicial review of survey. Repair or removal under precept. ♦Amended by ord. adopted Dec. 7, 1915, effective Mch. 7, 1916. 139 CHAP. 5 , ART. 31, SECS. 630-633. Section 636. 637. 638. 639. Provision for expense of executing precept. Return of precept; reimbursement of city. Fallen buildings; buildings imminently dangerous. Emergency fund. §630. Removal or repair of buildings. Any building or part of a building, staging or other structure that, from any cause, may now be or shall at any time hereafter become dangerous or unsafe, shall be taken down and removed, or made safe and secure. §631. Record and notice of unsafe building. Immediately upon receipt of a report by any officer or employee of the bureau of buildings that a building or part of a building, staging or structure is unsafe or dangerous, the superintendent of buildings shall cause the same to be entered upon a docket of unsafe buildings, to be kept in his bureau; and the owner, or some one of the owners, executors, administrators, agents, lessees or any other person who may have a vested or contingent interest in the same, shall be served with a printed or written notice containing a description of the premises or structure deemed unsafe or dangerous, a statement of the particulars in which the building or structure is unsafe or dangerous, and an order requiring the same to be made safe and secure or removed, as may be deemed necessary by the superintendent of buildings. Such notice shall require the person thus served immediately to certify to the superintendent his assent or refusal to secure or remove the same. §632. Voluntary abatement. If the person served with a notice specified in §631, shall immediately certify his assent to the securing or removal of said unsafe or dangerous building, premises or structure, he shall be allowed 24 hours, after the service of such notice, within which to commence the securing or removal of the same; and he shall employ sufficient labor and assistance to secure or remove the same as expeditiously can be done. §633. Disregard of notice; survey. 1. Notice of survey. Upon the refusal or neglect of the person served with the notice, for which provision is made in §§631 and 632 of this chapter, to comply with any of the requirements thereof, a further notice shall be served upon him, in the manner heretofore prescribed, notifying him that a survey of the premises named in said notice will be made at the time and place therein named, which time shall not be less than 24 hours nor more than 3 days from the time of the service of said notice, by 3 competent persons, of whom 1 shall be the superintendent of buildings or an inspector designated in writing by said superintendent, another shall be an architect, appointed either by the New York Chapter or the Brooklyn Chapter of the American Institute of Architects, or by the New York Society of Architects, and the third shall be a practical builder, engineer or architect appointed by the person thus notified. In case the person served with such notice shall neglect or refuse to appoint such surveyor, the other 2 surveyors shall make the survey, and in case of a disagreement of the latter, shall appoint a third person to take part in such survey, who shall also be a practical builder, engineer or architect of at least 10 years’ practice and whose decision shall be final. The notice shall also set forth that, in case the premises referred to therein shall be reported unsafe or dangerous under such survey, the said report will be placed before the Supreme Court, as indicated in the notice, and that a trial upon the allegations and statements contained in said report, be the report of said surveyors more or less than is contained in the said notice of survey, will be had before said court at a time and place therein named, to determine whether said unsafe or dangerous building or premises shall be repaired and secured or taken down and removed, and 140 BUILDING CODE. :hat a report of said survey, reduced to writing, shall constitute the issue to be placed before the court for trial. 2. Posting report of survey. A copy of the report of the survey shall be posted on the building the subject thereof by the persons holding the survey, immediately on their signing st^h report. 3. Co?npensation of surveyor. The architect appointed by the Chapters of the American Institute of Architects or the New York Society of Architects, as herein- before provided, who may act on any survey called in accordance with the provisions of this article, and the third surveyor who may have been called in the case of dis- agreement provided for in this section, shall each be entitled to and receive the sum of $25. to be paid by the comptroller upon the voucher of the superintendent of buildings. A cause of action is hereby created, for the benefit of the city against the owner of said building, staging or structure, and of the lot or parcel of land on which the same is situated, for the amount so paid with interest. The amount so collected shall be paid over to the comptroller, in reimbursement of the amount paid by him as aforesaid. §634. Judicial review of survey. 1. Institution of proceeding. Whenever the report of any such survey, had as aforesaid, shall recite that the building, premises or structure thus surveyed is unsafe or dangerous, the corporation counsel shall, at the time specified in the notice, place such notice and report before the justice holding a special term of the court named in the notice. 2. Precedence of proceeding. The determination of the issue in an unsafe building proceeding shall have precedence over every other business of such court, and a trial of the issue shall be held without delay, at the time specified in the notice, by the justice holding said court or a referee, whose decision or report in the matter shall be final, unless a jury trial is demanded, in which case the verdict of such jury shall be final. 3. Postponement of trial. If, for any reason, the issue shall not be tried at the time specified in said notice, or to which the trial may be adjourned, the same may be brought to trial at any time thereafter by the superintendent of buildings without a new survey, upon not less than 3 days’ 'notice of trial to the person upon whom the original notice was served, or to his attorney. Such notice of trial may be served in the same manner as said original notice. 4. Precept to abate. Upon the rendition of a verdict or decision of the court or referee, if the said verdict or decision shall find the said building, premises or structure to be unsafe or dangerous, the justice trying the cause, or to whom the report of the referee trying said cause shall be presented, shall immediately issue a precept directed to the superintendent of buildings, reciting said verdict or decision, and commanding him forthwith to repair and secure, or take down or remove, as the case may be, the unsafe or dangerous building or part thereof, staging, structure or other premises that shall have been named in the said report, in accordance with such verdict or decision. §635. Repair or removal under precept. 1. Execution of precept. Upon receiving a precept under the provisions of the preceding section, the superintendent of buildings referred to therein shall immediately proceed to execute the same, as therein directed, and may employ such labor and assistance and furnish such materials as may be necessary for that purpose, provided, nevertheless, that immediately upon the issuing of said precept, the owner of said building or part thereof, staging or structure, or premises, or any party interested therein, upon application to the superintendent of buildings, shall, upon 141 CHAP . 5, ART. 31, SECS. 636-638. the payment of all costs and expenses incurred up to that time by the city, be allowed to perform the requirements of the precept at his own proper cost and expense, if the same shall be done immediately and in accordance with the requirements of said precept. The superintendent of buildings shall have authority to modify the require- ments of any precept upon application to him therefor, in writing, by the owner of said building or part thereof, staging or structure, or his representative, when he shall be satisfied that such change shall secure equally well the safety of said build- ing, or part thereof, staging or structure. 2. Interference prohibited. It shall be unlawful for any person, whether inter- ested or not in the property affected, to interfere, obstruct or hinder the superintendent of buildings or his representative, or any person who, acting under the authority con- ferred on him by such superintendent, is performing the work directed by a precept issued out of any court as in this article provided, or ordered by the superintendent in accordance with such precept under the provisions of this chapter. §<636. Provision for expense of executing precept. In and about all preliminary proceedings, as well as the carrying into effect any order of the court or any precept issued by any court, the superintendent of build- ings may make requisition upon the comptroller for such amount of money as shall be necessary to meet the expenses thereof ; and, upon the approval of the statement of expenses thereof by any justice of the court from which the said order or precept was issued, the comptroller shall pay the same, and for that purpose shall borrow and raise upon revenue bonds, issued as provided by law, the several amounts that may from time to time be required, which shall be reimbursed, by the payment of the amount and interest at 6 per cent., out of any judgment obtained as hereinafter pro- vided, when said amount and interest shall have been collected. §637. Return of precept; reimbursement of city. Upon compliance with any precept issued to him in an unsafe building proceeding, the superintendent of buildings shall make return thereof, with an indorsement of the action thereunder and the cost and expenses thereby incurred, to the justice then holding the special term of the court from which such precept issued, and, there- upon, said justice shall tax and adjust the amount indorsed upon said precept, and shall adjust and allow the disbursements of the proceeding, together with the preliminary expenses of searches and surveys thereof, which shall be inserted in the judgment in said action or proceeding, and shall render judgment for such amount, and for the sale of the said premises in the said notice named, together with all the right, title and interest that the person named in the said notice had in the lot, ground or land upon which the said building or structure was placed, at the time of the filing of a notice of lis pendens in the said proceedings, or at the time of the entry of judgment therein, to satisfy the same, which shall be in the same manner and with like effect as sales under judgment in foreclosure of mortgages. The notice of lis pendens provided for in this section shall consist of a copy of said notice of survey, and shall be filed in the office of a county clerk in the county where the property affected by such action, suit or proceeding is located. §638. Fallen buildings; buildings imminently dangerous. 1. Recovery of bodies from wrecked building. In case of the falling of any building or part thereof in the city, where persons are known or believed to be buried under the ruins, the superintendent of buildings shall cause an examination of the premises to be made for the recovery of the bodies of the killed and injured. Whenever, in making such examination, it shall be necessary to remove any debris from the premises, the commissioners of the departments of docks, parks and street cleaning, and the superintendent of the appropriate bureau of highways, respectively, 142 BUILDING CODE . when called upon by the superintendent of buildings, shall co-operate with said super- intendent in carrying out the purposes of this section and shall provide suitable and convenient places for the deposit of such debris. 2. Temporary safeguards for dangerous buildings. In case there shall be, in the opinion of the superintendent of buildings, actual and immediate danger of the falling of any building or part thereof so as to endanger life or .property, he shall cause the necessary work to be done to render said building or part thereof temporarily safe until the proper proceedings provided for unsafe buildings by this article are instituted. 3. Vacating buildings; closing streets and sidewalks. The superintendent of buildings is hereby authorized and empowered in such cases, and also where any building or part thereof has fallen and life is endangered by the occupation thereof, to order and require the inmates and occupants of such building or part thereof to vacate the same forthwith, and the superintendent may, when necessary for the public safety, temporarily close sidewalks, streets, buildings, structures and places adjacent to such building or part thereof, and prohibit the same from being used. The police commissioner, when called upon by the superintendent of buildings to co-operate, shall enforce such orders or requirements. 4. Laborers and materials. For the purposes of this section, the superintendent of buildings shall employ such laborers and materials as may be necessary to perform said work as speedily as possible. §639. Emergency fund. 1. Sources. The corporation counsel shall, on the first day of each and every month, render to each superintendent of buildings an account of and pay over to him the amount of such penalties and costs received by him, together with his bill for all necessary disbursements incurred or paid in said suits, keeping a separate account for each superintendent. Each superintendent shall pay over monthly the amount of such penalties and costs so collected to the comptroller, as a fund for the use and benefit of his bureau. 2. Purposes. The fund aforesaid shall be used for the purpose of paying expenses incurred by the several superintendents of buildings under §638 of this chapter, and also for the purpose of carrying into effect any order or precept issued by any court, judge or justice to any superintendent of buildings. Upon the requi- sition of the superintendent having jurisdiction, the comptroller shall pay such sums as may be allowed and adjusted by any court of record for such purposes. ^ARTICLE 32. Enforcement of Chapter. Section 650. 651. 652. 653. 654. 655. Notices of requirements or of violations. Emergency measures. Judicial remedies. Judicial orders. Penalties. When violation is a misdemeanor. §650. Notices of requirements or of violations. 1. Issue. All notices of the violation of any of the provisions of this chapter, and all notices required or authorized by this chapter, directing anything to be done, including notices that any building, structure, premises, or any part thereof, is deemed to be unsafe or dangerous, shall be issued by the superintendent of buildings, and shall have his name affixed thereto. 2. Contents. Each such notice or order, in addition to the statement of require- ments, shall contain a description of the building, premises or property affected. ♦Amended by ord. adopted Nov. 16, 1915, effective Nov. 29, 1915. 143 CHAP. 5 , ART. 32, SECS. 651, 652. 3. Personal service. All such notices, and any notice or order issued by any court in any proceeding, instituted pursuant to this chapter, to restrain or remove any violation, or to enforce compliance with any provision or requirement of this chapter, may be served by delivering to and leaving a copy of the same with any person violating, or who may be liable under any provisions of this chapter, or who may be designated as provided in subdivision 4 of §653 of this article. They may be served by any officer or employee of the bureau of buildings, or by any person authorized by the said bureau. 4. Notice by posting. If the person to whom such order or notice is addressed cannot be found within the city, after diligent search shall have been made for him, then such notice or order may be served by posting the same in a conspicuous place upon the premises where such violation is alleged to have been placed or to exist, or to which such notice or order may refer, or which may be deemed unsafe or dangerous, and also depositing a copy thereof in a post-office in the city, inclosed in a sealed, postpaid wrapper addressed to said person at his last known place of resi- dence, which shall be equivalent to a personal service of said notice or order upon all parties for whom such search shall have been made, whether residents or non- residents of the State of New York. §651. Emergency measures. 1. Stopping work; vacating and securing building. In case there shall be, in the opinion of the superintendent of buildings, danger to life or property by reason of any defective or illegal work in violation of or not in compliance with any of the provisions or requirements of this chapter, the superintendent, or such person as may be designated by him, shall have the right and he is hereby authorized and empowered to order all further work to be stopped in and about said building, and to require all persons in and about said building forthwith to vacate the same, and to cause such work to be done in and about the building as, in his judgment, may be necessary to remove any danger therefrom. 2. Closing street temporarily. The superintendent of buildings may, when necessary for the public safety, temporarily close the sidewalks, streets, buildings, structures or places adjacent to said building or part thereof, and the police com- missioner or any of his subordinates, when called upon by the said superintendent of buildings to co-operate, shall enforce all orders or requirements made under this section. §652. Judicial remedies. 1. Action or proceeding, generally. Whenever the superintendent of buildings is satisfied that any building or structure, or any portion thereof, or any drainage or plumbing, the erection, construction or alteration, execution or repair of which is regulated, permitted or forbidden by this chapter, is being erected, constructed, altered or repaired, or has been erected, constructed, altered or repaired, in violation of, or not in compliance with, any of the provisions or requirements of this chapter, or in violation of any detailed statements of specifications or plans submitted and approved thereunder, or of any certificate or permit issued thereunder, or that any provision or requirement of this chapter, or any order or direction made thereunder has not been complied with, or that plans and specifications for plumbing and drainage have not been submitted or filed as required by this chapter, the superintendent may, in his discretion, through the corporation counsel, institute any appropriate action or pro- ceeding at law or in equity to restrain, correct or remove such violation, or the execu- tion of any work thereon, or to restrain or correct the erection or alteration of, or to require the removal of, or tc prevent the occupation or use of, the building or structure erected, constructed, or altered, in violation of, or not in compliance with, 144 BUILDING CODE. any of the provisions of this chapter, or with respect to which the requirements thereof, or of any order or direction made pursuant to any provisions contained therein, shall not have been complied with. Any person who shall maintain or con- tinue any building or structure, or any portion thereof, or any drainage or plumbing, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter, after having been duly notified as in this chapter provided, that such building or structure, or any portion thereof, or that such drainage or plumbing is in violation of any provision of this chapter, shall be subject to any action or proceeding and any penalty that is provided in this article for the commission of the violation. 2. Corporation counsel to act. The corporation counsel shall institute any and all actions and proceedings, either legal or equitable, that may be appropriate or necessary for the enforcement of the provisions of this chapter. 3. Courts having jurisdiction. All courts of civil jurisdiction in the city shall have cognizance of and jurisdiction over any and all suits and proceedings author- ized by this chapter to be brought for the recovery of any penalty or the enforce- ment of any provision of this chapter, and shall give preference to such suits and proceedings over all others. No court shall lose jurisdiction of any action hereunder by reason of a plea that the title to real estate is involved; provided the object of the action is to recover a penalty for the violation of any of the provisions of this chapter. All civil courts in said city are hereby invested with full legal and equitable jurisdiction to hear, try and determine all such actions and proceedings, and to make appropriate orders and render judgment therein according to law, so as to give force and effect to the provisions of this chapter. 4. Restraining order. In any such action or proceeding the city may, in the discretion of the superintendent of buildings and on his affidavit setting forth the facts, apply to any court of record in said city or to a judge or justice thereof, for an order enjoining and restraining all persons from doing, or causing or permitting to be done, any work in or upon such building or structure, or in or upon such part thereof as may be designed in said affidavit, or from occupying or using said build- ing or structure, or such portion thereof as may be designated in said affidavit, for any purpose whatever, until the hearing and determination of said action and the entry of final judgment therein. The court, or judge or justice thereof, to whom such application is made, is hereby authorized forthwith to make any or all of the orders above specified, as may be required in such application, with or without notice, and to make such other or further orders or directions as may be necessary to render the same effectual. No undertaking shall be required as a condition to the granting or issuing of such injunction order, or by reason thereof. 5. Judgment. All courts in which any action or proceeding is instituted under this chapter shall, upon the rendition of a verdict, report of a referee, or decision of a judge or justice, render judgment in accordance therewith. 6. Lien of judgment. Any judgment, rendered in an action or proceeding insti- tuted under this chapter, shall be and become a lien upon the premises named in the complaint in such action, to date from the time of filing a notice of lis pendens in the county clerk’s office of the county wherein the property affected by such action, suit or proceeding, is located. Every such lien may be enforced against said property, in every respect, notwithstanding the same may be transferred subsequent to the filing of the said notice. 7. Lis pendens. The notice of lis pendens referred to in this section shall consist of a copy of the notice issued by the superintendent of buildings, requir- ing the removal of the violation, and a notice of the suit or proceedings instituted, or to be instituted thereon. Such notice of lis pendens may be filed at any time after the service of the notice issued by the superintendent, as aforesaid; provided he may 145 CHAP . 5, ART. 32, SEC. 653. deem the same to be necessary, or is satisfied that the owner of the property is about to transfer the same to avoid responsibility for having violated a provision of this chapter. Any notice of lis pendens, filed pursuant to the provisions of this chapter, may be vacated and cancelled of record upon an order of a justice of the court in which such suit or proceeding was instituted or is pending, or upon the consent in writing of the corporation counsel. The clerk of the county where the notice is filed, is hereby directed and required to mark any such notice of lis pendens, and any record or docket thereof, as vacated and cancelled of record, upon the pres- entation and filing of a certified copy of an order or of the consent, as aforesaid. 8. Costs. In no case shall a bureau of buildings, or any officer thereof, of the city, be liable for costs in any action, suit or proceeding that may have been, or may hereafter be, instituted or commenced in pursuance of this chapter. 9. Officers not liable for damages. No officer of a bureau of buildings, acting in jgood faith and without malice, shall be liable for damages by reason of anything done in any action or proceeding instituted under any provision of this chapter, or by reason of any act or omission in the performance of his official duties. §653. Judicial orders. 1. To comply with building notices. In case any notice or direction authorized to be issued by this chapter is not complied with within the time designated therein, the city, by the corporation counsel, may, at the request of the superintendent of buildings, apply to the Supreme Court, at a special term thereof, for an order direct- ing the superintendent to proceed to make the alterations or remove the violation, as the same may be specified in said notice or direction. 2. To vacate for violations. Whenever any notice or direction, so authorized, shall have been served as directed in this article, and the same shall not have been complied with, within the time designated therein, the corporation counsel shall, at the request of the superintendent of buildings, in addition to or in lieu of any other remedy provided for by this chapter, apply to the Supreme Court, at a special term thereof, for an order directing the superintendent to vacate such building or premises, or so much thereof as he may deem necessary, and prohibiting the same to be used or occupied, for any purpose specified in said order, until such notices shall have been complied with. 3. Responsibility of lessees or occupants. In case any of the notices or orders of the court herein mentioned shall be served upon any lessee or party in possession of the building or premises therein described, it shall be the duty of the person upon whom such service is made to give immediate notice to the owner or agent of the building or premises named in the notice, if such person shall be within the limits of the city and his residence be known to such person, and, if not within the city, by depositing said notice in any post-office in the city, properly inclosed in a post- paid wrapper addressed to such owner or agent at his then known place of residence. 4. Designation by an owner of a building. Any owner of real estate or of a building thereon, may execute and acknowledge a written designation of a resident of said city as a person upon whom may be served any notice of violation, notice to make safe, notice of survey, summons, mandate, or any paper or process, issued under a provision of this chapter, and may file the same, with the written consent of the person so designated, duly acknowledged, in the office of the superintendent of buildings. The designation must specify the location of the property, with respect to which the designation is made, the residence and place of business of the person making it and of the person designated. It shall remain in force during the period specified therein, if any, or until revoked by the death or legal incompetency of either of the parties, or by the filing of a revocation by either of the parties, duly acknowledged and indorsed witn the consent of the superintendent of buildings. The 146 BUILDING CODE. superintendent of buildings shall file and index each designation and shall note, upon the original designation and index, the filing of a revocation. While the designation remains in force, as prescribed in this section, a notice of violation, notice to make safe, notice of survey, summons, mandate, or any paper or process under the pro- visions of this chapter, or either of the same, shall be served upon the person so designated, in like manner and with like effect as if it were served personally upon the person making the designation, notwithstanding his presence in the city. 5. Reimbursement of city for expenses. The expenses and disbursements in- curred in the carrying out of any order issued as provided in subdivision 2 of this section, shall become a lien upon the building or premises named in the order, from the time of filing of a copy of the said order, with a notice of the pendency of the action or proceeding as provided in this chapter, taken thereunder, in the office of the clerk of the county where the property affected by such action, suit or pra- ceeding is located; and the Supreme Court, to whom application shall be made, is hereby authorized and directed to grant any of the orders above named, and to take such proceedings as shall be necessary to make the same effectual, and any justice to whom application shall be made is hereby authorized and directed to enforce such lien in accordance with the mechanics’ lien laws applicable to the city. §654. Penalties. 1. General. Except as hereinafter provided with respect to the amount of the penalty, the owner of any building, structure or part thereof, or wall, or any platform, staging or flooring to be used for standing or seating purposes, or the owner of the land where any violation of this chapter shall be placed or shall exist, and any architect, builder, plumber, carpenter, mason or other person who may be employed or assist in the commission of any such violation, and any and all persons who shall violate any of the provisions of this chapter, or fail to comply therewith or any re- quirement thereof, or who shall violate or fail to comply with any detailed order or rule made thereunder, or who shall build in violation of any detailed statement of specifications or plans, submitted and approved thereunder, shall severally, for each and every such violation and non-compliance, respectively, forfeit and pay a penalty in the sum of not less than $10 nor more than $50. 2. Heating plant and fire prevention violations. Any person who shall violate any of the provisions of this chapter as to the construction of chimneys, fireplaces, flues, hot-air pipes and furnaces, or who shall violate any of the provisions thereof relating to the framing or trimming of timbers, girders, beams, or other woodwork in proximity to chimney flues or fireplaces, shall forfeit and pay a penalty in the sum of $100. 2a. Violations of the provisions for the registration of plumbers. Any person, corporation or copartnership violating any of the provisions of §604 of this chapter, relating to the registration of plumbers shall be fined for such offense in a sum not exceeding $250, or by imprisonment not exceeding 3 months, or by both, and in addi- tion, shall forfeit any certificate of registration that may be held at the time of such conviction, provided, however, that when such violation is for the provision relating to the posting of a metal plate, no penalty for imprisonment shall be imposed, and the fine shall not exceed $50 for the first offense, but not less than $100 nor more than $500 for a subsequent offense. (Added by ord. effective July 7, 1916.) 3. Continuing violation, after notice. Any person who, having been served with a notice, as in this chapter prescribed, to remove any violation or to comply with any requirement of this chapter, or with any order or rule made thereunder, shall fail to comply with said notice within 10 days after such service, or shall continue to violate any requirement of this chapter in the respect named in said notice, shall pay a penalty of not less than $50 nor more than $250. 147 CHAP. 5 , ART. 32, SEC. 655. 4. Jurisdiction of penalty actions. For the recovery of any such penalty, an action may be brought in any municipal court or court of record in said city, in the name of the city; and whenever any judgment shall be rendered therefor, the same shall be collected and enforced, as prescribed and directed by the Code of Civil Pro- cedure of the state of New York. 5. Discontinuance of action upon removal of violation. If any violation shall be removed or be in process of removal, within 10 days after the service of a notice as in this chapter prescribed, the liability of such penalty shall cease and the cor- poration counsel, on request of the superintendent of buildings, shall discontinue any action pending to recover the same, upon such removal or the completion thereof within a reasonable time. 6. Remission of penalty. The superintendent of buildings, through the corpora- tion counsel, is hereby authorized, in his discretion and upon good and sufficient cause being shown therefor, to remit any penalty which any person may have incurred, or may hereafter incur, under any of the provisions of this chapter; but no such penalty shall be remitted until the violation shall have been removed. The superin- tendent of buildings is further authorized, in his discretion, to remit any costs allowed or obtained in any penalty suit or any other action or proceeding instituted under the provisions of this article. §655. When violation is a misdemeanor. Any person who shall receive and fail to comply with any written peremptory order of the superintendent of buildings, issued only when an immediate compliance with such order is essential to the public peace or safety, within the time specified in such order, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. Article 1. CHAPTER 6. CHARITIES. Inmates of public institutions. ARTICLE 1. Inmates of Public Institutions. Section 1. 2 . 3. 4. Applications for admission; investigation of. Classification and instruction. Libraries. Employment and discipline. §1. Applications for admission; investigation of. The commissioner of public charities shall investigate the circumstances of every person admitted to an institution under his charge, and of the near relatives of such person. Such investigation shall be made, when practicable, before the admission of the person, and the results of the investigation shall be placed on file and preserved with the records of the department. (Charter, §663.) §2. Classification and instruction. The commissioner shall cause all the inmates of institutions under his charge to be classified, at the time of their admission so far as practicable, upon the basis of previous character and conduct, but such inmates may be transferred or reclassified in accordance with their conduct in the institution. The commissioner, within the limits of his appropriation, may establish and maintain in the public institutions under his charge such schools or classes for the instruction and training of inmates, as may in his opinion be desirable. Teachers employed to teach the physically or mentally defective children in institutions subject to the supervision of said commissioner shall receive the same rate of compensation for their services as is now or may here- after be paid to teachers of similar classes in the public schools of the city. (Charter, §663.) §3. Libraries. The commissioner is empowered to provide in the several institutions within his jurisdiction sufficient space for the purposes of a library for the inmates. He is authorized to accept contributions of books, pamphlets and periodicals, from persons disposed thus to aid in the betterment and welfare of the inmates of the institutions of the department. All such contributions shall be recorded and catalogued ; an account shall be kept thereof, and a report concerning the same shall be made at least once in each calendar year. (Ord., June 27, 1911.) §4. Employment and discipline. 1. Employment. Every inmate of an institution of the department, whose age and health will permit, shall be employed in cultivating the ground under the control of the commissioner, or in manufacturing such articles as may be required for ordi- nary use in the public institutions under his control or for the use of any other department of the city, or in preparing and building sea walls upon islands or other places belonging to the city, or in such mechanical or other labor as shall be found upon examination to suit the capacity of the individual. The articles raised or manu- factured by such labor shall be subject to the order of, and shall be placed under the control of the commissioner, and all such articles shall be utilized so far as prac- ticable in the public institutions under his charge or of some other department of the city. All the land under the jurisdiction of the commissioner, not otherwise occupied 149 CHAP. 6, ART. 2, SEC. 4. or utilized, and which is capable of being cultivated, shall, in his discretion, be used for agricultural purposes. The hours of labor required of any pauper or other per- son committed to or placed under the charge of the commissioner shall be fixed by him. (Charter, §682.) 2. Discipline. In case any pauper under the control of the commissioner shall neglect or refuse to perform the work allotted to him or her, or shall violate the rules and regulations of the institution of which he or she is an inmate, the super- intendent of the institution shall report such insubordination or violation to the com- missioner, who may thereupon direct the punishment of such pauper by solitary con- finement and by being fed on bread and water; but only for such length of time as the commissioner may consider necessary. In case any pauper shall neglect to per- form the work assigned to him or her, or be guilty of any such violation on 3 or more separate occasions, the commissioner may cause the delinquent to be brought before the proper court or magistrate, and such court or magistrate may commit the accused to the workhouse or penitentiary as a disorderly person. (Charter, §682.) 150 CHAPTER 7. CORRECTIONS. Article 1. Inmates of correctional institutions. ARTICLE 1. Section 1. 2 . 3. 4. 5. 6 . 7. Inmates of Correctional Institutions. Classification and instruction. Libraries. Employment. Manufacturing fund. Details of inmates to other departments. Discipline. Records. §1. Classification and instruction. The commissioner of correction shall cause all the criminals and misdemeanants under his charge to be classified, so far as practicable, so that the youthful and less hardened offenders shall not be rendered more depraved by the association with and evil example of older and more hardened offenders. He may establish and maintain such schools or classes for the instruction and training of the inmates of the institution under his charge, as may be authorized by the board of estimate and apportionment. And, to this end, the commissioner may set apart one or more of the penal institutions for the custody of such youthful and less hardened offenders, and he is empowered, in his discretion, to transfer such offenders thereto and from any other of the penal institutions of the city and, when so transferred, to classify them so far as practicable with regard to age, nature of offense, or other fact, and to separate or group such offenders according to such classification, so far as prac- ticable. (Charter, §698.) §2. Libraries. The commissioner is empowered to set aside in the city prison, and in any other place in which persons are held for infractions of the law pending determination by a court, a sufficient space for the purposes of installing a library for the inmates. The commissioner is authorized to accept contributions of books, pamphlets and periodicals from persons who may be disposed thus to aid in the betterment and welfare of the inmates of institutions of the department. All such contributions shall be recorded and catalogued ; an account thereof shall be kept and a report concerning the same shall be made at least once in each calendar year. (Ord. of June 27, 1911.) §3. Employment. Every inmate of an institution under the charge of the commissioner, whose age and health will permit, shall be employed in quarrying or cutting stone, or in culti- vating land under the control of the commissioner, or in manufacturing such articles as may be required for ordinary use in the institutions under his control, or for the use of any department of the city, or in preparing and building sea walls upon islands or other places belonging to the city, upon which public institutions now are or may hereafter be erected, or in public works carried on by any department of the city, or at such mechanical or other labor as shall be found, upon examination, to be suited to the capacity of the individual. The hours of labor required of any inmate of any institution shall be fixed by the commissioner. The articles raised 151 CHAP. 7, ART. 1, SECS. 4-0. or manufactured by such labor shall be subject to the order of and shall be placed under the control of the commissioner, and shall be utilized in the institutions under his charge or in some other department of the city. All the lands under the jurisdiction of the commissioner, not otherwise occupied or utilized and which are capable of cultivation, may be used for agricultural purposes. (Charter, §§700-702.) §4. Manufacturing fund. In accordance with subdivision 2 of §23 of article 2A of chapter 26 of the Laws of 1909, as amended by chapter 247 of the Laws of 1913, and in accordance with sub- division 19 of §20 of article 2A of the same law, the establishment of a fund to be known as “ Manufacturing Fund, Department of Correction,” is hereby authorized and the Comptroller is authorized and directed to place in such fund all money received or realized through the sale of articles manufactured by the department. He is hereby authorized to charge against such fund any voucher received from the department for the purchase of materials, supplies and equipment to be used in its manufacturing industries. The Comptroller is hereby further authorized and directed to transfer to the general fund of the City, at the end of each calendar year, any sums remaining in said manufacturing fund in excess of $75,000. (Ord. of March 31, 1914; amd. by ord. appd. April 24, 1920.) §5. Details of inmates to other departments. At the request of any of the heads of the administrative departments of the city (who are hereby empowered to make such request), the commissioner may detail and designate any inmate of any institution in his charge to perform work, labor and services in and upon the grounds and building, or in and upon any public work or im- provement under the charge of such other department. And such inmates, when so employed, shall at all times be under the personal oversight and direction of a keeper of the department of correction, but no inmate of any correctional institution shall be employed in a ward of any hospital, except hospitals in penal institutions, while such ward is being used for hospital purposes. The provisions of this ordi- nance or of any law requiring advertisement for bids or proposals, or the awarding of contracts, for work to be done or supplies to be furnished for any of said depart- ments, shall not be applicable to public work which may be done, or to the supplies which may be furnished under the provisions of the prison law. (Charter, §701.) §6. Discipline. In case any person confined in any institution of the department shall neglect or refuse to perform the work allotted to him by the officer in charge of such institu- tion, or shall wilfully violate the rules and regulations established by the commissioner, or shall resist and disobey any lawful command, or in case any such person shall offer violence to any prison officer or to any other prisoner, or shall do or attempt to do any injury to such institution or the appurtenances thereof or any property therein, or shall attempt to escape, or shall combine with any one or more persons for any of the aforesaid purposes, the officers of such institution shall use all suitable means to defend themselves, to enforce discipline, to secure the persons of the offenders and to prevent any such attempt to escape, and the officer in charge of such institu- tion in which such person is confined shall punish him by solitary confinement, and by being fed on bread and water only, for such length of time as may be considered necessary; but no other form of punishment shall be imposed, and no officer of any such institution shall inflict any blows whatever upon any prisoner, except in self- defense or to suppress a revolt or insurrection. In every case the officer imposing such punishment shall forthwith report the same to the commissioner and notify the 152 CORRECTIONS. surgeon of the institution. Such surgeon shall visit the person so confined and examine daily into the state of his health until he shall be released from solitary confinement and return to labor. The surgeon shall report to the commissioner and to the officer in charge of such institution whenever, in his judgment, the health of the prisoner shall require his release. (Charter, §702.) §7. Records. The commissioner shall keep and preserve a proper record of all persons who shall come under his care or custody, and of the disposition of each such person, with full particulars as to the name, age, sex, color, nativity and religious faith of each, together with a statement of the cause and length of detention of each such person. (Charter, §699.) 153 CHAPTER 8. DOCKS, FERRIES AND HARBOR CONTROL. Article 1. 2 . 3. 4. 5. 6 . 7. 8. General provisions. Apportionment of wharf property. Buildings and structures on waterfront property. Maintenance of wharf property. Discharge and storage of cargoes. Wharfage rates. Ferries. Protection of navigation. Section 1. Definitions. ARTICLE 1. General Provisions. §1. Definitions. Wherever used in this chapter, the following terms shall respectively be deemed to mean: 1. Canal boat, a vessel built for navigating the canals of the state, measuring not more than 98 feet in length nor more than 18 feet in width and whose registered net tonnage does not exceed 150 tons; (Rules of department.) 2. Day, 24 consecutive hours from the time of day or night when a vessel is berthed at a pier or slip. (Charter, §861.) ARTICLE 2. Section 10. 11 . 12 . 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. Apportionment of Wharf Property. City purposes. Floating baths. Recreation piers. Canal boats. Docks for garden produce. Oyster and other shell-fish traffic. Powers of dock masters; penalty for refusing to obey their direc- tions. Intrusion of other vessels into canal boat territory. Disobedience of orders of commissioner. §10. City purposes. The commissioner of docks shall designate and set apart suitable and sufficient wharves, piers, bulkheads, slips and berths in slips for the use of the several depart- ments of the city. (Charter, §836.) §11. Floating baths. The commissioner shall, upon the requisition of the respective borough presidents, furnish free of charge, in the vicinity of such locations as shall be designated by them, accessible, convenient and safe berths for mooring free floating baths. (Charter, §834.) §12. Recreation piers. The commissioner is hereby authorized to set apart, from time to time, such piers as he shall deem necessary for the purpose of public recreation and for the con- 154 DOCKS , FERRIES AND HARBOR CONTROL . venience of dealers in country produce and other merchandise transported to the city for sale. He is hereby authorized to construct or rebuild the piers set apart under the provisions of this section, in such manner as shall provide a deck or upper story thereon and the necessary approaches thereto, which shall be wholly free to the public for recreational purposes without the interference of business occupations. The lower deck or street level floor of each such pier shall be reserved for the use of boats and vessels plying upon the canals and the tidal waters of the state and bringing merchan- dise to the city for sale therein. The berthing of boats at such piers shall be under the control of the commissioner, but order shall be maintained by the police department in and around the portions thereof set apart for recreational purposes. Except as herein provided, no wharf property shall be required to be so constructed as to admit of its free use, in whole or in part, for the purposes of public resort and recreation. (Charter, §837.) §13. Canal boats. All the waterfront property commencing at the easterly side of pier new No. 4 to and including the easterly side of pier new No. 7, East river, and all the part of the waterfront from and including the north side of the pier at the foot of west 51st street to and including the southerly side of the pier at the foot of west 54th street, North river, shall, from the 20th day of March to the 31st day of of December in each year, be set apart, kept and reserved for the exclusive use and accommoda- tion of canal boats and barges engaged in transporting property on the Hudson river, or coming to tide water from the canals of the state, and for the use of lighters engaged in loading or unloading such boats or barges; and the commissioner or other officers aforesaid shall assign such other accommodations for canal boats and barges in other parts of the port of New York as may, from time to time, be necessary in receiving or discharging their cargoes. The waterfront property within the limits hereinbefore specified shall not be leased, but shall be reserved by the city for the use and purposes prescribed in this section. During the time specified and when the slips and wharves connected therewith shall be required for the use of canal boats and barges, the commissioner, and all officers who now are or hereafter shall be empowered by law or ordinance to regulate or station ships and vessels in the port of New York, shall prohibit and prevent all other boats, ships or vessels from entering any of the slips, or approaching or laying at any of the wharves within the districts aforesaid. (Charter, §§854, 854a, 865.) §14. Docks for garden produce. All waterfront property on the Hudson river, from Gansevoort to Little West 12th street, shall be set apart by the commissioner for the use of boats, barges and other vessels engaged in the business of transporting farm and garden produce, at such rates of wharfage as have been or may be lawfully established, and the com- missioner may, from time to time, when any of such waterfront property is not in actual use for the purposes above mentioned, designate and appropriate the same for any public or general use; provided such designation or appropriation shall be subject at any time to revocation by the commissioner. (Charter, §858.) §15. Oyster and other shelLfish traffic. The commissioner may grant permits for vessels or floating structures, engaged in the oyster business and used for the receipt, preparation and opening of oysters and other shell fish, to remain continuously moored to or at any waterfront property, not otherwise specifically appropriated by law or ordinance to the sole use of other kinds of commerce, upon such terms as to wharfage and otherwise, and subject to such regulations as. the commissioner may prescribe. All permits so granted by the corn- 155 CHAP . 8 , ART. 2, SECS. 16-18. missioner shall be subject at any time to revocation by him. Upon any such permit being granted, the person receiving the same, shall be entitled to moor such vessel or floating structures, continuously and until the permit shall be revoked, to or at the dock, pier or bulkhead designated therein, subject to the terms of such permit; pro- vided, however, that, where the city is not the owner of the dock, pier or bulkhead designated in such permit, the consent of the owner of the same, or of the person or persons entitled to collect wharfage therefrom, shall have been obtained. (Charter, §860.) §16. Powers of dock masters; penalty for refusing to obey their directions. Each dock master shall have power, within the district assigned to him, subject to the provisions of this code or of any statute : 1. To provide and assign suitable accommodations for all ships and vessels, and regulate them in the stations they are to occupy at waterfront property; 2. To remove from time to time such vessels as are not employed in receiving or discharging cargoes, to make room for such others as require to be more im- mediately accommodated for the purpose of receiving or discharging cargoes; 3. To determine as to the fact of such vessels being, fairly and in good faith, employed in receiving and discharging cargoes; 4. To determine how far and in what instance the master and others having charge of ships and vessels shall accommodate each other in their respective situ- ations. Any master or other person, having charge of any vessel, canal boat, barge or lighter, who shall refuse or neglect to move the same when ordered to do so by a dock master, or who shall resist or forcibly oppose said officer in the discharge of his duties, shall, for every such offense, forfeit and pay the sum of $50, to be recovered with costs of suit, by and in the name of the department of docks and ferries. (Charter, §867.) §17. Intrusion of other vessels into canal boat territory. Whenever any portion of the waterfront property mentioned in §13 of this chapter shall be occupied by any ship or vessel, not entitled to occupy the same according to the provisions of that section, and the proprietor or person in charge of any canal boat or barge specified in said section, shall desire to use the berth or slip occupied by such ship or vessel, the commissioner, upon the request of the proprietor, consignee or person in charge of said canal boat or barge, shall forthwith remove such ship or vessel, as far as may be necessary to accommodate the canal boat or barge. If the commissioner, upon such request, shall neglect or refuse to comply with the same he shall, for each such neglect or refusal, forfeit and pay to the proprietor of the canal boat or barge, the sum of $50, to be sued for and recovered by and in the name of such proprietor, for his use and benefit, in any court of competent jurisdiction. (Charter, §856.) §18. Disobedience of orders of commissioner. Any person, in command or in charge of any vessel, who shall neglect or refuse to comply with any lawful order or direction of the commissioner in reference to the removal of any vessel, or who shall resist or obstruct the removal of the same, shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $100, or by imprison- ment not exceeding 10 days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. (Charter §857.) 156 DOCKS, FERRIES AND HARBOR CONTROL. ARTICLE 3. Buildings and Structures on Water=front Property. Section 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. Improvement of water-front property; permit required. Sheds on piers. Platforms for fish trade. Opening asphalt pavement on water-front property. Floating docks. Violations. §30. Improvement of water=front property; permit required. No shed, building, office, tally-house, booth, platform or stand shall be erected, nor shall any derrick, hoisting-mast, coal-hopper, sign or advertising device, or obstruction of any kind be placed or maintained on any water-front property, and no piles shall be driven, nor shall any filling-in or construction, repairs, alterations, removals, dredg- ing or demolitions of any kind be made, on any part of the water-front of the city, without a written permit therefor being first had and obtained from the commissioner. (Dept, rules 2, 1.) §31. Sheds on piers. Whenever any person shall be owner or lessee of any pier or bulkhead, and shall use and employ the same for the purpose of regularly receiving and discharging cargo thereat, such owner or such lessee, with the consent of the lessor, may erect and maintain, upon such pier or bulkhead, sheds for the protection of property so received or discharged ; provided they shall have obtained from the commissioner a permit or license to erect or maintain the same, subject to the conditions and restrictions con- tained in such permit or license; but, when such permit or license has been granted and has been acted upon, it shall not be revoked by the commissioner without the con- sent in writing of the mayor and of the commissioners of the sinking fund, after due hearing of such licensee. All sheds or structures erected or maintained upon any wharf or pier under any permit or license heretofore granted by the department, or hereafter erected or maintained upon any wharf or pier under any permit or license granted by the commissioner, are declared to be lawful structures, subject to the terms and conditions of the permit or license authorizing the same. Hereafter, such sheds shall be constructed subject to the regulations and under the authority of the com- missioner. Any owner or lessee of a pier, or of a pier or bulkhead, or a part thereof, in respect of which the commissioner shall have granted such a permit or license, shall be entitled to the use of the premises so owned or leased by them and no vessel shall be placed in any berth on such pier, or bulkhead, or part thereof, without the consent of such owner or lessee, during the continuance of his permit or license. The commissioner shall have power to build sheds or structures on any wharf or bulkhead belonging to the city, with full authority to lease the same; and any lessee thereof shall have all the rights and privileges above granted. (Charter, §844.) §32. Platforms for fish trade. The lessee of any waterfront property, to whom a lease has been or may here- after be granted for the use of the wholesale fish trade, may erect and maintain thereon, during the terms of any such lease or any renewal thereof, such platforms, sheds, stands or other structures suitable to the business of the wholesale fish trade as may be approved by the commissioner. (Charter, §871.) §33. Opening asphalt pavement on water=front property. 1. Applications. Applications to open asphalt pavement under the control of the department must be made to the commissioner. They shall be accompanied by an 157 CHAP. 8, ART. 3 , SEC. 34. agreement from the company which has the contract for the maintenance of the pavement, if any, to relay it at the expense of the permittee. 2. Bond. The permittee shall give a bond, if required by the commissioner, to be approved by the commissioner and conditioned to indemnify and save harmless the city, its officers, agents and servants, against and from all damages, cost and ex- pense which they may suffer or to which they may be put, by reason of injury to the person or property of another, resulting from carelessness or negligence on the part of the permittee and his agents. 3. Conduct of work. Work under the permit shall be commenced within 10 days after the date of issue, and the permit shall be void at the end of that time, un- less reissued. The permit shall be left during the whole time of construction in charge of the foreman at the work. The department of health shall be notified by the per- mittee of the time and place of making the excavation, in order that the premises may be disinfected. All work under such permit shall be wholly at the expense of the permittee and shall be so conducted as to cause the least possible inconvenience to public travel, residents and private business. It shall be done so as not to interfere with the telegraph, telephone, electric light and other subways, water mains or service connections, gas or other pipes, nor with sewers or house connections. All rock within 5 feet of a water or gas pipe or main shall be removed without blasting. All snow and ice upon the pavements, within 5 feet upon either side of the opening shall be removed within 24 hours after it falls or forms. The trench, after the main is laid, shall be filled with clean earth, well rammed down as put in. 4. Weather delays. Whenever in consequence of the weather or any process of law, or other unexpected obstacle, the work shall be stopped for so long a time that public travel shall be obstructed, the trench shall be refilled and repaved as if the work contemplated in the permit was actually completed. 5. Laws and ordinances to be complied with. All work done under the permit shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of the commissioner, and in strict compliance with all applicable laws and ordinances, and the rules and regulations of the city departments established for the purpose of enforcing them. 6. Restoration of pavement. When the pavement opened consists of stone blocks, the work of restoring same shall be begun within 24 hours after notice from the commissioner so to do, and completed as rapidly as possible to the satisfaction of the commissioner, and, in case of failure to so commence and complete the work it may be done by the commissioner in such manner as he deems proper and to his satis- faction, the permittee shall agree to pay the cost of restoring same, as shown by the books and accounts of the department of docks and ferries. Where the pavement opened is asphalt, the permittee shall agree to send an order to the asphalt com- pany which has the contract for the maintenance thereof, to re-lay it at the expense of the permittee and to send a duplicate copy of the order to the chief engineer of the department. It shall also agree to pay the cost of such relaying and the cost of inspecting the work by the department. 7 . Revocation of permit. The commissioner shall have the right to revoke the permit at any time. (Dept, rules, 13.) §34. Floating docks. Floating docks may be used, with the consent of the owners of the piers or bulk- heads, respectively, occupied for such use, or of the persons entitled to collect wharfage for such piers or bulkheads, for the purpose of taking up ships or vessels for repair, coppering or finishing; subject to the provisions of all statutes and ordinances regulating the use of the slips, piers and wharves of the city. (Charter, §870.) 158 DOCKS , FERRIES AND HARBOR CONTROL. §35. Violations. Any owner, lessee, occupant or agent of any water-front property who shall place or permit the erection, placing or maintaining of any erection or any structure, for which permit has not been duly obtained from the commissioner, shall forfeit and pay a penalty of $100, in addition to all damages for each and every violation of any pro- vision of this article; and there shall be a further penalty of $25 a day for each and every day which shall elapse until any such erection or structure so placed shall be removed, after the expiration of the time, specified in any notice for the removal thereof has been served upon such owner, lessee, occupant or agent. (Charter, §827.) ARTICLE 4. Section 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. Maintenance of Wharf Property. Cleaning, repairing and dredging water-front property. Overloading wharf property. Obstruction by goods, merchandise and materials. Vehicular obstructions. Removal of incumbrances and obstructions. Sale of seized merchandise, vehicles, etc. Public hacks. Violations. §50. Cleaning, repairing and dredging water=front property. The owner, lessee and occupant of any water-front property shall keep the same cleaned and in repair, and he shall keep the slips adjacent thereto properly dredged. Whenever, in the judgment of the commissioner, it shall be necessary so to do, written notices shall be served upon the owner, lessee or occupant of any pier, wharf or bulkhead, or the slip adjoining the same, on or in which cleaning, repairs or dredging are required, specifying the nature and extent of the requirement and the time within which it must be done. (Dept, rules, 14.) §51. Overloading wharf property. No cargo, goods or merchandise shall be discharged from any vessel upon any pier, bulkhead, wharf structure or marginal street, wharf or place, at which such vessel is being unladen, after a departmental notice has been served upon the owner, consignee, master or other officer of such vessel, or stevedore, that the same will be endangered by the placing of such cargo, goods or merchandise thereon. No additional cargo, goods or merchandise shall be stored upon a ( marginal street, wharf or place after a departmental notice has been served upon the owner, consignee, agent or representa- tive of such owner or consignee of such cargo, goods or merchandise, that such marginal street, wharf or place, or the pavement and surface thereof, will be en- dangered by an additional burden. In order that the surface of pavement and cover plates of the marginal streets, wharves and places shall not be damaged, cargo, goods or merchandise in excess of 12 tons shall not be transferred on any truck upon oi 1 over any marginal street, wharf or place, except by special license or permission of the commissioner; nor shall cargo, goods or merchandise be stored or stacked upon any marginal street, wharf or place, in excess of 1,000 pounds per square foot, except by special license or permission of the commissioner and in such manner and method as he may direct. (Dept, rules, 3.) §52. Obstruction by goods, merchandise and materials. 1. In sheds. The lessees or occupants of any water-front property, which has been covered in whole or in part with a shed, shall not allow goods, merchandise, 159 CHAP. 8, ART. 4 , SECS. 53, 54. cargo or material of any kind to be discharged thereat or placed thereon, nor to remain upon the part thus shedded for a period longer than 5 days, without the written per- mission of the commissioner. (Dept, rules, 9.) 2. Generally. Except as otherwise provided in this section, all goods, merchandise and materials of every kind, landed or placed on any waterfront property, must be removed therefrom within 24 hours. After a ^departmental notice has been served upon the owner, shipper or consignee of any cargo, to remove the same, a penalty of $25 shall be paid for each and every day during which any part of such goods, mer- chandise or material shall remain upon such waterfront property, after the expiration of said 24 hours, to be recovered from such owner, shipper or consignee, severally and respectively. (Dept, rules, 4.) 3. Removal and storage by department. All goods, merchandise and materials of every kind incumbering any waterfront property, after the time designated for the removal thereof shall have expired, shall be liable to be removed by the commissioner to any warehouse or yard, at the sole risk and expense of the owner or consignee of any such goods, merchandise or materials, and all expense incurred for such removal and storage, or otherwise, shall be and become a lien thereon, and they shall not be delivered to the owner or consignee until the same has been paid. (Dept, rules, 4.) §53. Vehicular obstructions. No unharnessed truck, cart, wagon or vehicle of any description shall be placed or left at any time on any marginal street, wharf, or place, or on any bulkhead, pier or reclaimed land, within the charge and control of the department, under a penalty of $3, to be recovered from the owner thereof. Any unharnessed truck, cart, wagon or vehicle of any description placed or left on any marginal street, wharf or place or on any bulkhead, pier or reclaimed land, under the charge and control of the department, shall be removed by a person and to a place to be designated by the commissioner, and an additional charge of not less than 50 cents per day, for storage, shall be and become a lien thereon, and such unharnessed truck, cart, wagon or vehicle shall not be delivered to the owner until said fine and storage charge shall have been paid. (Dept, rules, 10.) §54. Removal of incumbrances and obstructions. Whenever any wharf, pier, bulkhead or marginal street, shall be incumbered, or its free use interfered with by merchandise, lumber, trucks, wagons or any other obstruc- tion, whether of loose materials or structures built upon or affixed to such water- front property without authority of law, the commissioner shall notify the person placing or keeping such merchandise or other obstruction thereon to remove the same, within 24 hours after such notice. Whenever the commissioner shall make any order or give any direction in pursuance of the power conferred by this section, the owner, consignee or person in charge of the merchandise, property, or vessel in reference to which such order or direction is given, shall comply with the same without unreason- able delay, or, in default thereof, the commissioner may employ such laborers and assistance as may be necessary to carry out such order or direction, by the removal of the material, merchandise, or vessel in reference to which the same was given. All expenses, actually and necessarily incurred in effecting such removal, shall be paid by the owner, consignee, or person in charge of the material, merchandise, or vessel so removed, and the amount thereof shall be a lien upon the same, in favor of the department, which may be enforced by proceedings instituted by and in its name, according to the provisions of laws concerning attachments against vessels. The com- missioner shall, for the purposes of this section, be deemed a creditor of such owner, consignee, or person in charge, and each of them, for the amount of the expenses so incurred, and may have and maintain an action against them or either of them, to recover the same. (Charter, §§849-851.) 160 DOCKS , FERRIES AND HARBOR CONTROL. §55. Sale of seized merchandise, vehicles, etc. During the months of January and July in each year, the commissioner shall advertise for 1 week, in the City Record, the merchandise, lumber, trucks, wagons or other incumbrances and obstructions which have been so stored and which has re- mained unclaimed, setting forth the marks and numbers thereon, the description thereof and the designation of the water-front property from whence the same was removed and the date of such removal. If any of such merchandise, material or vehicle so advertised shall remain thereafter unclaimed for 3 months, the commissioner may then sell the same, after further advertisement for 1 week in the City Record, at public auction to the highest bidder. The proceeds of such sale shall be used to pay the expenses of the removal, storage and sale of such incumbrances or obstructions, and any balance thereof shall be held in trust by the commissioner for the owner or owners thereof, for 12 months, when, if not claimed, it shall be paid over to the commissioners of the sinking fund. (Charter, §§849-851.) §56. Public hacks. No public hack or other vehicle shall stand or be allowed on any pier for the purpose of carrying passengers for hire from the pier, over the streets of the city, without a permit. (Dept, rule.) §57. Violations. Any person violating any provision of this article, or neglecting or refusing to comply with any order of the commissioner, made thereunder, shall, except as other- wise provided in this article, pay a penalty of $100 for each such violation or neglect or refusal to comply with such order, and the offender shall pay a further penalty of $25 for each day such violation or refusal to comply with the order shall continue. (Charter, §927.) ARTICLE 5. Discharge and Storage of Cargoes. Section 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. Jurisdiction of commissioner. Manner of discharging cargo. Manure and other offensive refuse. Inflammable material. Building material. §60. Jurisdiction of commissioner. The commissioner shall have power, from time to time, to make such general rules and regulations and give such directions as will secure dispatch in loading and unloading vessels and the prompt removal of the same from the piers as soon as com- pleted, and also such as shall be necessary to prevent any unnecessary accumulation of freight or merchandise upon any pier or wharf, while any vessel shall be engaged in receiving or discharging her cargo; provided, however, that this power shall not be exercised in reference to any obstruction or incumbrance upon any pier or wharf occupied by any regular line of steamboats or steamships, or by any railroad company, except upon the written request of the occupant or lessee of such pier or wharf. (Charter, §849.) §61. Manner of discharging cargo. 1. Sand, and gravel. No sand, gravel or similar material shall be discharged from or loaded into any vessel, unless canvas or similar material be extended from the vessel’s side to the bulkhead or wharf structure at which such vessel is being unladen, to prevent the falling of the sand into the water; and, if the surface of any such wharf structures is not sufficiently tight to prevent the sand dumped thereon from going through into the water, then no sand shall be discharged thereon from any vessel, unless canvas or similar material shall be first laid thereon to receive the sand. (Dept, rules, 5.) 161 CHAP. 8 , ARTS. 5 , 6, SECS. 62-80. * 2. Use of horses. No vessel of any kind shall be loaded or discharged by horse- power, unless proper planking be provided to protect the surface of such pier, bulk- head or wharf structure from injury, consequent upon the travel of the horse, or the unloading of stones or similar cargo thereupon, under a penalty of $25 for each offense, to be recovered from the owner, consignee or master of any such vessel, or stevedore, severally and respectively. (Dept, rules, 5.) 3. Lumber or brick. All lumber, brick or other material in bulk, discharged on any bulkhead, must be placed at least 20 feet from the edge of the bulkhead, pending removal. (Dept, rules, 5.) §62. Manure and other offensive refuse. No manure, cellar dirt, garbage, offal, dead animals, or refuse of any kind shall be received or delivered at any pier, bulkhead or reclaimed land, or placed thereon, without the special permit of the commissioner. (Dept, rules, 6.) §63. Inflammable material. The loading, discharging or keeping on any wharf, pier or bulkhead or any lighter, barge or other craft moored to any wharf, pier, or bulkhead in the city, of cotton, turpentine, rosin, hay, straw or other inflammable material deemed extra hazardous in the standard policy of fire insurance in use in the State of New York, or any explosive, shall not be permitted, unless the same is covered with tarpaulins or other more permanent or substantial material. (Dept, rules, 5.) §64. Building material. No brick, sand, gravel or similar material shall be unloaded on any wharf property, unless a permit therefor shall have been issued by the superintendent of docks, and no such material shall be unloaded on unleased city property unless an application shall have been submitted to the superintendent, accompanied by a receipt from a dock master for $12.50, specifying the name of the vessel from which the cargo is to be unloaded, and a permit issued therefor by the superintendent. At the expiration of 10 days from the date of said permit, if any portion of said cargo remains, a similar application, accompanied by a receipt for $12-50, additional, shall be submitted, as in the first instance. No vessel carrying such material or cargo shall be allowed to occupy a berth for a period longer than 5 days, when said berth is required by another vessel. City wharf property under permit shall be deemed leased property, within the meaning of this section. (Dept, rules, 11.) ARTICLE 6. Wharfage Rates. Section 80. General traffic. 81. State traffic. 82. Local traffic. 83. Vessels carrying shell-fish. 84. Floating structures; grain elevators. 85. Canal-boats and brick-carriers. 86. Coal hoists and derrick-scows. 87. Dump-scows. 88. Berthing fees. 89. Payment of wharfage. 90. Top wharfage. 91. Rates to be printed on wharfage bills; overcharges. . General traffic. Except as otherwise provided in this article, wharfage and dockage shall be charged for each day, or part of a day, a ship or vessel shall use or be made fast to any dock, pier, wharf or bulkhead, or shall make fast to any vessel lying at any such water- 162 DOCKS, FERRIES AND HARBOR CONTROL. front property, or to any other vessel lying outside thereof and made fast thereto, at the following rates : For each vessel of 200 tons burden and under, 2c. per ton; and for each vessel over 200 tons burden, 2c. per ton for each of the first 200 tons burden and y 2 of lc. per ton for every additional ton. (Charter, §859.) §81. State traffic. Vessels known as North river barges, market boats and sloops, employed upon the waters of this state, and schooners, exclusively employed upon such waters, shall pay wharfage or dockage for each day or part of a day, at the following rates : Under 50 tons burden $0.50 50 tons, and under 100 .CZ l / 2 100 tons, and under 150 .75 150 tons, and under 200 .87^ 200 tons, and under 250 1.00 250 tons, and under 300 1.12J4 300 tons, and under 350 1.25 350 tons, and under 400 j 1.37^2 400 tons, and under 450 1.50 450 tons, and under 500 1.62 y 2 500 tons, and under 550 1.75 550 tons, and under 600 1.87^2 600 tons and upward, $1.87^4 per 50 tons in excess of 600 tons. (Charter, §859.) §82. Local traffic. Lighters and barges employed in lightering freight in the port of New York shall pay wharfage and dockage at the rate of lc. per running foot, actual linear measurement, along the side of the vessel. (Charter, §859.) §83. Vessels carrying shell=fish. Vessels of 200 tons burden and under which shall be actually engaged in carrying oysters or other shellfish, and which make fast to any water-front property shall pay wharfage and dockage at the rate of lj4c. per ton each day, and every such vessel which shall make fast to another vessel lying at any water-front property, or to any vessel lying outside of such vessel, or that shall anchor within any slip or basin, shall pay lc. per ton per day; provided, that no vessel shall pay less than 25c., nor less than 1 day’s wharfage, nor shall more than 1 day’s wharfage be charged unless for a con- tinuous use of the pier, wharf, bulkhead, slip or basin of more than 24 hours. (Charter §860.) §84. Floating structures; grain elevators. Every vessel or floating structure, other than those above named, used for trans- portation of freight or passengers, shall pay double the first rate prescribed in §80 of this article; except that floating grain elevators shall pay one-half of such rate. (Charter, §859.) §85. CanaLboats and brick-carriers. Every canal boat and every vessel engaged in freighting brick on the Hudson river, occupying a berth next to any water-front property and engaged in delivering cargo upon said pier, wharf, or bulkhead, or receiving cargo therefrom, shall pay wharfage at the rate of 50c. for every day or part of a day while so engaged; but, when unloaded, such canal boats or vessels shall pay wharfage at the rate of 30c. per day or part thereof ; provided no canal boat or vessel, lying in any slip between two adjacent piers, shall be required to pay full wharfage to the owner or lessee of both such piers for the same day, notwithstanding she may, during said day, have changed her location between the piers ; but she shall pay one-half rates to each owner or lessee in such case. (Charter, §861.) 163 CHAP. 8, ART. 6 , SECS. 86-91. §86. Coal hoists and derrick-scows. Coal hoists on scows, or floats and vessels loading or unloading derrick stone, old paving blocks and asphalt from street surfaces, shall pay $1.00 per day for derrick scow; $1.00 per day for boat lying next to a dock or next to a derrick, and regular wharfage for any additional boats. Derrick scows occupying berth without scows or other vessels, $2.00 per day. (Dept, rule.) §87. Dump-scows. Vessels loading or unloading ashes or similar material shall pay wharfage or dockage at the rate of lc. per day per running foot. (Dept, rule.) §88. Berthing fees. Every vessel making fast to a vessel at any pier, wharf, or bulkhead, or to another vessel outside of such vessel, or at anchor within any slip or basin, when not receiving or discharging cargo or ballast, shall pay one-half of rates provided for vessels of her class in the preceding sections of this article. (Charter, §859.) §89. Payment of wharfage. Dock masters must collect in cash any and all wharfage daily, except in cases where a credit account has been opened by consent of the commissioner. Payment for wharfage, by those having credit accounts, must be made directly to the cashier of the department, within 10 days after receipt of bill. In case a vessel shall leave a pier, wharf, bulkhead, slip or basin before the payment of the wharfage or dockage due on her account, the owner, consignee or person in charge of such vessel shall be liable to pay double the rates of wharfage for vessels of her class, established by the preced- ing sections of this article. (Dept, rule.) §90. Top wharfage. The owner or the lessee of any wharf, pier or bulkhead may charge and collect the sum of 5c. per ton on all goods, merchandise and materials remaining on the water- front property, owned or leased by him, for every day after the expiration of 24 hours from the time the goods, merchandise and materials shall have been left or deposited thereon, and he shall have a lien on such goods, merchandise and materials for such charges until the same shall have been paid. (Charter, §862.) §91. Rates to be printed on wharfage bills; overcharges. All persons owning or having charge of water-front property shall cause all pro- visions of this article to be printed on the back of each bill presented by them for wharfage, and the owner, consignee, or person in charge of any vessel shall not be required to pay the wharfage or dockage due on such vessel unless, upon his demand, the bill presented to him is printed in conformity with this section. Any person, own- ing or having charge of any water-front property, who shall receive for wharfage any rates in excess of those authorized by this article, shall forfeit to the party aggrieved treble the amount so charged as damages, to be sued for and recovered by the party aggrieved. (Charter, §863.) ARTICLE 7. Section 100. Section 120. 121 . 122 . 123. 124. Ferries. . ARTICLE 8. Protection of Navigation. Obstructions to navigation. Vessels lying at outer ends of wharves. Fouling navigable waters. Ashes, oil and oil refuse from vessels. Violations. 164 DOCKS, FERRIES AND HARBOR CONTROL. §120. Obstructions to navigation. In case any pier, bulkhead, platform or other wharf structure shall be abandoned and constitute an obstruction to navigation, or a vessel shall be stranded, sunken or wrecked and be abandoned for 10 days, the commissioner shall notify the owner of such abandoned property or vessel, if known to him, to remove the same forthwith, but if the owner be not known to the commissioner, or is not within the city, or shall fail to comply with the notice, the commissioner shall cause such obstruction or vessel to be removed, and the expense of such removal shall be recoverable by action from the owner and shall be a lien on the property or vessel so removed until paid. If such property or vessel be not claimed within 30 days after removal, the commissioner shall advertise the same for sale, at public auction to the highest bidder, in the City Record for 6 days. The proceeds of each such sale shall be paid into the city treasury. (Dept, rules, 11.) §121. Vessels lying at outer ends of wharves. No vessel, canal boat, barge, lighter or tug shall obstruct the waters of the harbor, by lying at the exterior end of wharves in the waters of the North or the East river, except at their own risk of injury from vessels entering or leaving any adjacent dock or pier. (Charter, §789.) §122. Fouling navigable waters. 1. Dumping. No wharf, pier or slip, or bulkhead adjacent thereto, in the navi- gable waters of the port of New York, which has heretofore been used for the loading and discharging of sailing vessels, regularly employed in foreign commerce and having a draught of more than 18 feet of water, shall be used as a dumping ground. (Charter. §845.) 2. Harbor pollution. The placing, discharging or depositing, by any process or in any manner, of offal, fruit, vegetables, piles, lumber, timber, driftwood, dirt, ashes, cinders, mud, sand, dredging, sludge, acid, or any other refuse matters floatable or otherwise in the tidal waters of the port of New York is hereby strictly prohibited, except under the supervision of the United States supervisor of the harbor. (Charter, §880; Dept, rules, 15.) 3. Snow and ice. No snow or ice shall be dumped into the waters adjacent to water-front, except from piers, bulkheads and other places designated from time to time by the commissioner. (Charter, §878; Dept, rules, 8.) 4. Oil and oil refuse. No person shall discharge or cause or permit to be dis- charged into the tidal waters of the port of New York, from any ship, steamer or other vessel, any oil, oil refuse, or other inflammable matter. (Amd. by ord. appd. Dec. 23, 1919.) §123. Ashes, oil and oil refuse from vessels. Scows employed by the City or by contractors for removing ashes, garbage, oil and oil refuse, while moored at the various dumping boards of the city, are hereby required to receive, directly, all such substances from vessels in the harbor, and 5 or more scows shall be located at such points as the supervisor of the harbor may direct, for the special use of boats and vessels wishing to discharge any such sub- stances. (Charter §881 ; amd. by ord. appd. Dec. 23, 1919.) §124. Violations. Any person violating any provision of this article shall, upon conviction therefor, be punished by a fine of not more than $250 nor less than $5, or imprisonment for not more than 6 months nor less than 10 days, one-half of said fine to be paid to the person giving information which shall lead to the conviction of the offender. (Charter, §880.) 165 -CHAPTER 9. ELECTRICAL CONTROL. Article 1. General provisions. 2. Generators, motors, switchboards. 3. Outside work. 4. Inside work. 5. Fittings, materials and details of construction. 6. Miscellaneous. 7. Violations. Section 1. 2 . 3. 4. 5. 6 . 7. 8 . 9. 10 . 11 . 12 . 13. ARTICLE 1. General Provisions. Definitions. Jurisdiction; powers and duties of the commissioner. Federal buildings. City departments. Public service electric corporations. Installations, alterations or repairs of wiring or appliances. Applications. License board. Fees. Inspection. Certificate of inspection. Supplying current. Discontinuing current. §1. Definitions. Unless otherwise expressly stated, the following terms whenever used in this chapter shall respectively be deemed to mean and include : 1. Appliances , all electrical apparatus or fittings, except fuse renewals, incandes- cent lamp renewals and portable devices which, together with their cables and attach- ments, have been approved for connection to appropriate parts of the permanent electrical equipment; 2. Approved, approved in writing by the commissioner of water supply, gas and electricity ; 3. B. and S. gauge, Brown and Sharpe gauge for wire; 4. Building, any edifice, structure or enclosure, whether roofed or unroofed; 5. Certificate of inspection, the certificate of the commissioner that the installa- tion, alteration or repair of electric wiring or appliances for light, heat or power in a building has been inspected, and is approved by the department, either temporarily or finally; 6. Extra-high potential system, any circuit attached to any machine or com- bination of machines which develops a difference of potential between any 2 wires, of over 3,500 volts, shall be considered as an extra-high potential circuit, and as coming under that class, unless an approved transforming device is used, which cuts the difference of potential down to 3,500 volts or less; 7. High-potential system, any circuit attached to any machine or combination of machines which develops a difference of potential between any 2 wires of over 550 volts and less than 3,500 volts, unless an approved transforming device is used. ^Amended by ord. effective May 29, 1916. 166 ELECTRICAL CONTROL. which cuts the difference of potential down to 550 volts, or less ; for 550 volt motor equipments a margin of 10 per cent, above the 550 volt limit will be allowed at the generator or transformer without coming under high-potential systems; 8. License , the authorization of the commissioner for a person to engage generally in the business of installing, altering or repairing electric wiring or appliances for light, heat or power in buildings ; 9. Lozv- potential system, any circuit attached to any transforming device, ma- chine, or combination of machines, which develops a difference of potential between any 2 wires, of not over 550 volts ; the primary circuit not to exceed a potential of 3,500 volts unless the primary wires are installed in accordance with approved standards for pole-line construction or are underground ; for 550 volt motor equip- ments a margin of 10 per cent, above the 550 volt limit will be allowed at the generator or transformer; (Amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) 10. Signalling system, wiring for telephone, telegraph (except wireless telegraph apparatus), district messenger and call belt circuits, fire and burglar alarms, and all similar systems which are hazardous only because of their liability to become crossed with electric light, heat or power circuits ; 11. Special license, the authorization of the commissioner for a person in the exclusive employ of the owner or manager of a building to install, alter or repair electric wiring or appliances for light, heat or power therein during the term of such special license ; 12. Special permit, the authorization of the commissioner for a person to install or repair electric wiring or appliances for light, heat or power upon an individual application. §2. Jurisdiction; powers and duties of the commissioner. The commissioner of water supply, gas and electricity is empowered to 1. Make rules and regulations respecting the installing, altering or repairing of electric wiring or appliances for light, heat or power, in 'pr upon any building; 2. Cause any jelectric wiring or appliance for light, heat or power, >in or upon any building, to be examined and inspected by an officer; or employee of the department designated for that purpose ; 3. Order in writing the remedying of any defect or deficiency in the installing, altering or repairing of electric wiring or appliances for light, heat or power, in or upon any building. 4. Cause any order of the commissioner which is not complied with, within the time fixed in such order for compliance therewith, to be enforced and to take pro- ceedings for its enforcement. §3. Federal buildings. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to apply to any building the electrical equipment of which is under the control of the United States Government, or of any department or officer thereof. §4. City departments. The various departments, boards and officers of the city shall be subject to the provisions of this chapter in so* far as the same may be applicable, but shall not be required to pay fees ; provided, that nothing in this chapter shall be so construed as to affect or in any way modify the provisions of §7, article 1 of chapter 9 of this code or of chapter 458 of the laws of 1912. §5. Public service electric corporations. The provisions of this chapter shall not apply 1. To electrical equipment used in connection with railroads. 167 r CHAP . 9, ART. 1, SECS. 6-8. 2. To the following described electrical equipment used in connection with light- ing and power companies : (a) generating stations, (b), substations, (c) storage battery- stations, (d) storage buildings and yards and (e) service switches and controlling devices, and meters and their attached controlling and testing devices ; provided, that the electrical equipment hereinabove referred to be owned or leased and oper- ated by, all for the exclusive benefit of, persons or corporations subject to the juris- diction of either of the public service commissions of the State of New York, or their successors. §6. Installations, alterations or repairs of wiring or appliances. 1. Generally. No person shall install, alter or repair electric wiring or appliances for light, heat or power in any building except a person holding a license, a special license or a special permit, as defined in §1 of this chapter, or a person employed by and working under the general supervision of the holder of a license, a special license or a special permit, and after application for a certificate of inspection of such instal- lation, alteration or repair. A license or a special license shall remain in force for 1 year from the date of issue, and a special permit shall remain in force during the performance of the work which it authorizes, unless modified, suspended or revoked as hereinafter provided; but in no case sh^all a special permit remain in force for more than 1 year. 2. Modification, suspension or revocation of special permits and licenses. The commissioner may at any time by an order in writing, for good cause shown, modify, suspend or revoke any special permit issued pursuant to this chapter, and, in like man- ner, but upon recommendation of the license board, he may modify, suspend or revoke any license similarly issued. §7. Applications. All applications for licenses, special licenses, special permits or certificates of in- spection shall be made to the commissioner, in such form and detail as he may from time to time prescribe. A license, special license or special permit shall not be trans- ferable. §8. License board. 1. Organisation. The commissioner shall appoint a board to determine the fitness of applicants for licenses, which shall consist of : a. An officer or employee of the department ; b. A master or employing electrician; c. A journeyman electrician; d. An underwriters’ electrical inspector ; e. An electrician in the employ of a public service corporation of the city; f. An architect or builder of at least 5 years’ practical experience; g. A real estate owner or broker. The member! of the board who is an officer or employee of the department shall serve as chairman, and all members shall serve without compensation. Four members, including the chairman, who shall be entitled to vote, shall constitute a quorum of the board for the transaction of business; but no recommendation for the issue, modifica- tion, suspension or revocation of a license shall be # adopted except by the vote of 4 members of the board. 2. Jurisdiction. All applications for licenses or special licenses shall be referred by the commissioner to the board, which shall promptly investigate and report to the commissioner as to the fitness for license of the respective applicants. The board shall meet at least once in every week for the consideration of such applications. The board shall investigate and report to the commissioner respecting any charge that may be made against the holder of a license or a special license. 168 ELECTRICAL CONTROL . §9. Fees. There shall be charged and collected by the commissioner a fee of $10 for each license issued under the provisions of this chapter and thereafter an annual fee of $5 for each renewal of such license and a fee of $1 for each special license or special permit so issued. §10. Inspection. The commissioner or any duly authorized officer or employee of the department of water; supply, gas and electricity may enter or go upon, at any reasonable hour, any building in or upon which are wires or other apparatus for electric currents for light, heat or power, to make inspection of such wires or other appliances or for any other purpose in furtherance of the provisions of this chapter. §11. Certificate of inspection. 1. Issue. If, after inspection, the electric wiring or appliances for light, heat or power in a building shall be found by the commissioner to have been installed, altered or repaired in conformity with the requirements of this chapter, he shall issue a temporary or final certificate of inspection therefor. 2. Modification, suspension or revocation. The commissioner may at any time by an order in writing, for good cause shown, modify, suspend or revoke any certificate of inspection issued pursuant to this chapter, but no such order shall be effective unless same shall state specifically the reason therefor, nor until a copy of such order has been served upon the owner, lessee or occupant of the premises affected thereby; or, if the owner, lessee or occupant cannot be ascertained or located by the exercise of reasonable diligence, a copy of such notice shall have been con- spicuously posted upon the premises. §12. Supplying current. No person shall supply electric current for light, heat or power to any wiring or appliances in any building until a certificate of inspection, temporary or final, author- izing the use of said wiring, or appliances shall have been issued by the commissioner. §13. Discontinuing current. If, in the judgment of the commissioner, after due inspection, the electric wiring or appliances in any building, shall be unsafe or dangerous to persons or property, the commissioner shall have power to cause such wires or appliances to be dis- connected from the supplying wires or apparatus and to seal the wiring and appliances so disconnected. Thereafter, no person shall cause or permit electric current to be supplied to wiring or appliances so sealed until the same shall have been made safe and the commissioner shall have issued a certificate to that effect; provided, however, that no wiring or appliances shall be disconnected pursuant to this section until a notice in writing, stating specifically the reason why such wiring or appliances must be disconnected, shall have been served upon the owner, lessee or occupant of the premises affected thereby, or conspicuously posted in or upon said premises, and a duplicate thereof shall have been delivered to the person supplying the current to such wiring or appliances. ARTICLE 2. Section 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. Generators, Motors, Switchboards. Generators. Conductors from generators to switchboards, rheostats, or other in- struments, and thence to outside lines. Switchboards. Resistance devices. Lightning arresters. 169 CHAP. 9, ART. 2 , SECS. 201 , 202. Section 206. 207. 208. 209. 210 . 211 . Care and attendance. Testing of insulation resistance. Motors. Railway power plants. Storage or primary batteries. Transformers. §201. Generators. a. Generators must be located in a dry place. b. Generators must never be placed in a room where any hazardous process is carried on, nor in places where they would be exposed to inflammable gases or flyings of combustible materials. c. Generators must, when operating at a potential in excess of 550 volts, have their base frames permanently and effectively grounded. Generators must, when operating at a potential of 550 volts or less, have their base frames permanently and effectively grounded wherever feasible. Where ground- ing of the frame is impracticable, special permission for its omission may be given in writing, in which case the frame must be permanently and effectively insulated. Wooden base frames used for this purpose, and wooden floors which are depended upon for insulation where, for any reason, it is necessary to omit the base frames, must be kept filled to prevent absorption of moisture, and must be kept clean and dry. d. Constant potential generators, except alternating current machines and their exciters, must be protected from excessive current by safety fuses or equivalent devices of approved design. For two-wire D. C. generators, single-pole protection will be considered as satisfy- ing the above rule, provided the safety device is so located and connected that the means for opening same is actuated by the entire generator current, and the action thereof will completely open the generator circuit. For three-wire direct-current generators compound or shunt wound, a safety device must be placed in each armature lead, and so connected as to receive the entire current from the armature. Fuses will not be acceptable. The safety device must consist of either: (1) a double pole, double coil, overload circuit breaker, or (2) a four-pole circuit breaker connected in the main and equalizer leads, and tripped by means of two overload devices, one in each armature lead. The safety devices above required must be so interlocked that no one pole can be opened without simultaneously disconnecting both sides of the armature from the system. e. Generators must each be provided with a name-plate, giving the maker’s name, the capacity in volts and amperes, and the normal speed in revolutions per minute. f. Terminal blocks when used on generators must be made of approved non- combustible, non-absorptive, insulating material, such as slate, marble or porcelain. g. The use of soft rubber bushings to protect the lead wires coming through the frames of generators is permitted, except when installed where oils, grease, oily vapors or other substances known to have rapid deleterious effect on rubber are present in such quantities and in such proximity to the generator as may cause such bushings to be liable to rapid destruction. In such cases hard wood, properly filled, or preferably porcelain or micanite bushings must be used. §202. Conductors from generators to switchboards, rheostats or other instru~ ments, and thence to outside lines. a. Conductors must be in plain sight or readily accessible. Wires from generator to switchboard may, however, be placed in a run-way in the the brick or cement pier on which the generator stands. When protection against moisture is necessary, cable with grounded lead sheath or grounded conduit must be used. 170 ELECTRICAL CONTROL. b. Conductors must have an approved insulating covering as called for in article 4 of this chapter for similar work, except that in central stations, on exposed circuits, the wire which is used must have a heavy braided, non-combustible outer covering. Conductors used as bus bars may be made of bare metal. Wires with inflammable outer braiding, when brought close together, as in the rear of switch- boards, must, when required, be each surrounded with a tight, non-combustible outer cover. Flame proofing must be stripped back on all cables a sufficient amount to give the necessary insulation distances for the voltage of the circuit on which the cable is used. c. Conductors must, where not in a conduit, be kept so rigidly in place that they cannot come in contact. d. Conductors must in all other respects be installed with the same precautions as required in article 4 of this chapter for wires carrying a current of the same volume and potential. e. In wiring switchboards, the ground detector, voltmeter, pilot lights and potential transformers must be connected to a circuit of not less than No. 14 B. & S. gauge wire that is protected by approved fuses. This circuit is not to carry over 660 watts. For the protection of instruments and pilot lights and switchboards, approved N. E. Code standard enclosed fuses are preferred, but approved enclosed fuses of other designs of not over 2 amperes capacity may be used. §203. Switchboards. a. Switchboards must be so placed as to reduce to a minimum the danger of communicating fire to adjacent combustible material. Switchboards must not be built up to the ceiling, a space of 3 feet being left, if possible, between the ceiling and the board. The space back of the board must be kept clear of rubbish and must not be used for storage purposes. b. Switchboards must be made of non-combustible material. c. Switchboards must be accessible from all sides when the connections are on the back, but may be placed against a brick or stone wall when the wiring is entirely on the face. If the wiring is on the back, there must be a clear space of at least 18 inches between the wall and the apparatus on the board, and even if the wiring is entirely on the face, it is much better to have the board set out from the wall. d. Switchboards must be kept free from moisture. e. Wires with inflammable outer braiding, when brought close together, as in the rear of switchboards, must, when required, be each surrounded with a tight, non- combustible outer cover. Flame proofing must be stripped back on all cables a sufficient amount to give the necessary insulation distances for the voltage of the circuit on which the cable is used. §204. Resistance devices. a. Resistance devices must be placed on a switchboard, or at a distance of at least 1 foot from combustible material, or separated therefrom by a slab or panel of non- combustible, non-absorptive insulating material such as slate, soapstone or marble, somewhat larger than the rheostat, which must be secured in position independently of the rheostat supports. Bolts for supporting thei rheostat shall be countersunk 'at least 1-8 inch below the surface at the back of the slab and the bolt 1 heads shall be covered with insulating material. For proper mechanical strength, slab should be of a thickness consistent with the size and weight of the rheostat, but in no case less than y 2 inch. 171 CHAP. 9 , ART. 2 . , SECS. 205-207. If resistance devices are installed in rooms where dust or combustible flyings are liable to accumulate on them, they must be equipped with dust-proof face-plates, b. Where protective resistances are necessary in connection with automatic rheostats, incandescent lamps may be used, provided that they do not carry or control the main current nor constitute the regulating resistance of the device. When so used, lamps must be mounted) in porcelain receptacles upon non-com- bustible supports, and must be so arranged that they cannot have impressed upon them a voltage greater than that for which they are rated. They must in all cases be provided with a name-plate, which shall be permanently attached beside the porcelain receptacle or receptacles and stamped with the wattage and voltage of the lamp or lamps to be used in each receptacle. Under special authorization in writing, given in advance, incandescent lamps may be used for the purpose of resistances in series with other devices when mounted in porcelain receptacles upon non-combustible supports and so arranged that they cannot have impressed upon them a voltage greater than that for which thev are rated. c. Wherever insulated wire is used for connections between resistance elements and the contact device of a rheostat, the insulation must be of approved slow-burning or other heat-resisting type. For large rheostats) and similar resistances, where the contact devices are not mounted upon them, the connecting wires having slow burning insulation may be so arranged in groups that the maximum difference of potential between any two wires in a group shall not exceed 75 volts. Each group of wires must either be mounted on non-combustible, non-absorptive insulators giving at least Yt. inch separation from surface wired over, or, especially where it is necessary to protect same from mechanical injury, each group of wires may be encased in approved flexible tubing and placed in approved conduit, the flexible tubing to extend at least 1 inch beyond the ends of the conduit. §205. Lightning arresters. a. Lightning arresters must be attached to each wire of every overhead circuit connected with the station. b. Lightning arresters must be located in readily accessible places away from combustible materials, and as near as practicable to the point where the wires enter the building. In all cases, kinks, coils and sharp bends in the wires between the arresters and the outdoor lines must be avoided as far as possible. c. Lightning arresters must be connected with a thoroughly good and permanent ground connection by metallic strips or wires having a conductivity not less than that of a No. 6 B. & S. gauge copper wire, which must be run as nearly in a straight line as possible from the arresters to the ground connection. Ground wires 'for lightning arresters must not be attached to gas pipes within the buildings nor be run inside of iron pipes, unless electrically and mechanically attached to both ends of the pipe. d. All choke coils or other attachments, inherent to the lightning protection equip- ment, shall have an insulation from the ground or. other conductors equal at least to the insulation demanded at other points of the circuit in the station. §206. Care and attendance. a. A competent man must be kept on duty where generators are operating. b. Oily waste must be kept in approved waste cans and removed daily. §207. Testing of insulation resistance. a. All circuits except such as are permanently grounded in accordance with §315 of this chapter must be provided with reliable ground detectors. Detectors which indicate continuously and give an instant and permanent indication of a ground 172 ELECTRICAL CONTROL. are preferable. Ground wires from detectors must not be attached to gas pipes within the building. b. Where continuously indicating detectors are not feasible the circuits should be tested at least once per day, and preferably oftener. §208. Motors. a. Motors must, when operating at a potential in excess of 550 volts, have no exposed live metal parts, and must have their base frames permanently and effectively grounded. Motors operating at a potential of 550 volts or less must have their base frames permanently and effectively grounded wherever feasible. Where grounding of the frame is impracticable, special permission for its omission may be given in writing, in which case the frame must be permanently and effectively insulated. Wooden base frames used for this purpose, and wooden floors, which are depended upon for insulation where, for any reason, it is necessary to omit the base frames, must be kept filled to prevent absorption of moisture, and must be kept clean and dry. b. Motors operating at a potential of 550 volts or less must be wired with the same precautions as required by article 4 of this chapter, for wires carrying a cur- rent of the same volume. Motors operating at a potential between 550 and 3,500 volts must, except in cen- tral or sub-stations, be wired with approved multiple conductor, metal sheathed cable in approved metal conduit. All apparatus and wiring connected to the high tension circuit must be completely enclosed in substantial grounded metal shields or casings, and the conduit must enter and be properly secured to such casings or to suitable terminal boxes screwed or bolted to the casings. The insulation of the several conductors for high-potential motors, where leaving the metal sheath of cables, must be thoroughly protected from moisture and me- chanical injury. This may be accomplished by means of a pot head or some equiva- lent method. The conduit must be substantially bonded to the metal casings of all fittings and apparatus connected to the inside high-tension circuit. Where outside wires directly enter the motor room, special permission, in writing, must be obtained to install the wires for high-potential motors according to the gen- eral rules for high-potential systems. Conductors carrying the current of only one motor must be designed to carry a current at least 25 per cent, greater than that for which the motor is rated. Where the wires under this rule would be overfused in order to provide for the starting cur- rent, as in the case of many of the alternating current motors, the conductors must be of such size as to be properly protected by these larger fuses. The current used in determining the size of the conductor carrying the current of only one varying (or variable) speed motor must be the percentage of the 30- minute current rating of the motor as given for the several classifications of service in the following table : Percentage of current Classification of Services. rating of motor. Operating valves, raising or lowering rolls 200 Rolling tables 180 Hoist, rolls, ore and coal-handling machines 150 Freight and passenger elevators, shop cranes, tool heads, pumps, etc 120 c. Each motor with its starting device must be protected by a cut-out and con- trolled by a switch (see §419a of this chapter), said switch plainly indicating whether 173 CHAP. 9, ART. 2, SEC. 208. “on” or “off” (except as provided for electric cranes, see §443c of this chapter). Small motors may be grouped under the protection of a single set of fuses, provided the rated capacity of the fuses does not exceed 10 amperes, and the total wattage of the circuit does not exceed 660. With motors of horse power or less, on circuits where the voltage does not exceed 300, single pole switches may be used as allowed in §424c of this chapter. The switch and rheostat must be located within sight of the motor, except in cases where special permission to locate them elsewhere is given in writing. Where the circuit-breaking attachment on the motor-starting device disconnects all wires of the circuit, the switch called for in this section may be omitted. Overload-release attachments on motor-starting rheostats will not be considered to take the place of the cut-out required by this section. An automatic circuit-breaker disconnecting all wires of the circuits may serve as both switch and cut-out. Where a rubber-covered conductor carries the current of only one A. C. motor of a type requiring large starting current it may be protected by a fuse or an auto- matic circuit breaker without time limit device, rated in accordance with Table B of §418 of this chapter. The rated continuous current capacity of a time limit circuit breaker protecting a motor of the above type need not be greater than 125 per cent, of the motor current rating, providing the time limit device is capable of preventing the breaker opening during the starting period. d. Rheostats must be so installed as to comply with all the requirements of §204 of this chapter. Auto starters must comply with requirements of §204c of this chapter. Auto starters, unless equipped with tight casings enclosing all current-carrying parts, in all wet, dusty or linty places, must be enclosed in approved cut-out boxes or cabinets. Where there is any liability of short circuits across their exposed live parts due to accidental contacts, a railing must be erected around them. e. Motors must not be run in series-multiple or multiple-series, except on con- stant-potential systems, and then only by special permission. f. Motors must be covered with a waterproof cover when not in use, and, if deemed necessary, must be enclosed in approved cases. Such enclosures must be readily accessible, dust-proof and sufficiently ventilated tO| prevent an excessive rise of temperature. Where practicable the sides should be made largely of glass, so that the motor may be always plainly visible. The use of enclosed type motors is recommended in dusty places, being preferable to wooden boxing. Where deemed necessary, motors permanently located on wooden floors must be provided with suitable drip pans. h. Motors must each be provided with a name-plate, giving the maker’s name, the capacity in volts and amperes (or watts), and the normal speed in revolutions per minute. All varying (or variable) speed motors except those used for railway service must be marked with the maximum current which they can safely carry for 30 min- utes, starting cold. i. Terminal blocks, when used on motors, must be made of approved non-com- bustible, non-absorptive insulating material, such as slate, marble, or porcelain. j. Adjustable-speed motors, unless of special and appropriate design, if controlled by means of field regulation, must be so arranged and connected that they cannot be started under weakened field. k. The use of soft rubber bushings to protect the lead wires coming through the frame of motors is permitted, except when installed where oils, grease, oily vapors or other substances known to have rapid deleterious effect on rubber are present in 174 ELECTRICAL CONTROL . such quantities and in such proximity to motors as may cause such bushings to be liable to rapid destruction. In such cases hardwood properly filled, or preferably porcelain or micanite bushings, must be used. §209. Railway power plants. a. Each feed wire before it leaves the power plant must be protected by an approved automatic circuit-breaker, or other device, which will immediately cut off the* current in case of an accidental ground. This device must be mounted on a fireproof base, and in full view and reach of the attendant. §210. Storage or primary batteries. a. When current for light and power is taken from primary or secondary bat- teries, the same general regulations must be observed as apply to similar apparatus fed from generators developing the same difference of potential. b. Storage battery rooms must be thoroughly ventilated. c. Special attention is directed to the rules for wiring in rooms where acid fumes exist (see §426, i, j, of this chapter). d. All secondary batteries must be mounted , on non-absorptive, non-combustible insulators, such as glass or thoroughly vitrified and glazed porcelain. e. The use of any metal liable to corrosion must be avoided in cell connections of secondary batteries. §211. Transformers. a. In central or sub-stations the transformers must be so placed that smoke from the burning out of the coils or the boiling over of the oil (where oil-filled cases are used) can do no harm. b. In central or sub-stations casings of all transformers must be permanently and effectively grounded. The cases or frames of transformers used exclusively to supply current to switch- board instruments must be grounded, unless they are installed and guarded in all respects as required for the higher voltage circuit connected to them. ARTICLE 3. Outside Work. Section 312. Wires on outside of buildings. 313. Services. 314. Transformers. 315. Grounding low-potential circuits. §312. Wires on outside of buildings. a. This article shall not apply to conductors on highways. b. Wires must, for services of No. 6 B. & S. gauge or smaller, consist of ap- proved rubber covered multiple conductor cable and must enter the building in the manner prescribed by the second paragraph of §312 f of this chapter. At the first point of attachment to building frame, multiple conductor cables must either be secured to strain insulators spaced not less than one foot from any adjacent woodwork and in turn secured to petticoat or strain insulators, or the conductor must be separately attached to petticoat insulators spaced not less than 6 inches apart. If necessary to carry the service cable upon the face of the building before entering, it may be ex- tended in flexible metal conduit, or a waterproof conduit system must be employed. c. Wires must be at least 8 feet above the highest point of roofs over which they pass or to which they are attached and roof structures must be substantially constructed. Wherever feasible, wires crossing buildings must be supported on poles independent of the buildings. Roof lines will be permitted only under special authori- zation in writing. 175 CHAP. 9, ART. 3, SECS. 313-315. d. Wires extended on the exterior walls of buildings must have a rubber insu- lating covering, and, if not protected by fuses, must be kept at least 1 foot apart and supported on petticoat insulators of glass or porcelain placed not more than 15 feet apart, the distance between supports to be shortened if wires are liable to be dis- turbed. e. Wires must be so spliced or joined as to be both mechanically and electri- cally secure without solder. The joints must then be soldered, to insure preservation, and covered with an insulation equal to that on the conductors. All joints must be soldered unless made with some form of approved splicing device. • f. Wires must, where they enter buildings, have drip loops outside, and the holes through which the conductors pass must be bushed with non-combustible, non- absortive insulating tubes, slanting upward toward the inside; or the service wires may be brought into buildings through a single iron conduit, in which case the con- duit shall be equipped with an approved service-head. The inner end must extend to the service cut-out, and if a cabinet is required by this chapter must properly enter the cabinet. Metal conduits containing service wires must be insulated from the metal con- duit, metal moulding, or armored cable system within the building and all metal work on or in the building, or they must have the metal of the conduit permanently and effectually grounded to water piping, gas piping or other suitable grounds, provided that when connections are made to gas piping, they must be on the street side of the meter. This ground connection to be independent of and in addition to any other ground wire on metal conduit, metal moulding or armored cable systems within the building. §313. Services. a. Each building shall be supplied by a separate service. b. Where a row of separate buildings is to receive its supply from an overhead main, one service cable shall be run from the pole to the row, and from the first at- tachment to the building sub-services or a service main shall extend in conduit along the face of the row. One service cable shall supply not more than 5 buildings, except under special permission in writing, given in advance. The same plan of sub-services may be employed in connection with undeground services, under the same restrictions. §314. Transformers. a. Transformers must not be attached to any building when the potential exceeds 550 volts, except by special permission, and when attached to buildings must be separated therefrom by substantial supports. §315. Grounding Iow=potential circuits. a. Direct-current three-wire systems. Neutral wire must (except where supplied from private industrial power or lighting plants where the voltage does not exceed 550 volts) be grounded and the following rules must be complied with: 1. The neutral wire must be permanently and effectively grounded at the central station. The ground connection must include all available underground complete metallic piping systems. 2. In underground systems the neutral wire must also be grounded at each dis- tributing box through the box or on the individual service as provided in paragraphs c to g, inclusive, of this section. 176 ELECTRICAL CONTROL. 3. In overhead systems the neutral wire must be grounded every 500 feet, as provided in paragraphs c to g of this section. b. Alternating-current secondary systems. Transformer secondaries of distribut- ing systems (except where supplied from private industrial power or lighting plants where the primary voltage does not exceed 550 volts) must be grounded, provided the maximum difference of potential between the grounded point and any other point in the circuit does not exceed 320 volts. The following rules must be complied with : 1. The grounding must be made at the neutral point or wire, whenever a neutral point or wire is accessible. 2. When no neutral point or wire is accessible, one side of the secondary circuit must be grounded. 3. The ground connection must be at the transformers or on the individual service, as provided in paragraphs c to g of this section, and when transformers feed systems with a neutral wire, the neutral wire must also be grounded at least every 500 feet. c. Ground wire, in buildings. When the ground connection is inside of any building, or the ground wire is inside of or attached to any building (except central or sub-stations) the ground wire must be of copper and have an approved rubber insulating covering, National Electrical Code Standard, for from 0 to 600 volts. d. Ground wire, sizes. The ground wire in direct-current three-wire systems must not at central stations be smaller than the neutral wire and not smaller than No. 6 B. & S. gauge elsewhere. The ground wire in alternating current systems must never be less than No. 6 B. & S. gauge. On three-phase systems the ground wire must have a carrying capacity equal to that of any one of the three mains. e. Ground wire, installations. The ground wire must, except for central stations and transformer sub-stations, be kept outside of buildings as far as practicable, but may be directly attached to the building or pole by cleats or straps or on porcelain knobs. Staples must never be used. The wire must be carried in as nearly a straight line as practicable, avoiding kinks, coils and sharp bends, and must be protected when exposed to mechanical injury. f. Ground connections, central stations. The ground connections for central stations, transformer sub-stations, and banks of transformers must be permanent and effective and must include all available underground piping systems, including the lead sheaths of underground cables. g. Ground connections, generally. For individual transformers and building ser- vices the ground connection may be made as in paragraph f of this section, or may be made to water piping systems running into buildings. With overhead service, this connection may be made by carrying the ground wire into the cellar and connecting on the street side of meters, main cocks, etc. Where the service enters the cellar or basement, this connection may be made by carrying the ground wire through the cellar or basement and connecting as above. Where the ground wire is run through any part of a building, unless run in approved conduit, it shall be protected by porcelain bushings through walls or partitions and shall be run in approved moulding, except that in basements it may be supported on porcelain. Connections should not be made to piping systems which have cement joints, but should only be made to complete metallic pipe systems. 177 CHAP. 9, ART. 4, SEC. 416. ARTICLE 4. Inside Work. Section 416. Wires, general. 417. Underground conductors. 418. Table of allowable carrying capacities of wires. 419. Switches, cut-outs, circuit-breakers, etc. 420. Limitation of potential. 421. Arc lamps. 423. Automatic cut-outs (fuses and circuit-breakers). 424. Switches. 425. Electric heaters. 426. Wires, low potential systems. 427. Armored cables. 428. Interior conduits. 429. Metal mouldings. 430. Fixtures. 431. Sockets. 432. Flexible cord. 433. Arc lamps on constant-potential circuits. . 434. Vapor lamps. 435. Gas-filled incandescent lamps. 436. Transformers, low potential. 437. Decorative lighting systems. 438. Theatre and moving picture establishment wiring. 439. Outline lighting. 441. Lighting and power from railway wires. 442. Garages. 443. Electric cranes. 444. Wires, high potential systems. 445. Transformers, high potential. 447. Wires, extra high potential. §416. Wires, general. a. Wires must not be of smaller size than No. 14 B. & S. gauge, except as allowed for fixture work and pendant cord. b. Conductors of size No. 8 B. & S. gauge or over used in connection with solid knobs must be securely tied thereto. If wires are used for tying they must have an insulation of the same type as the conductors they confine. Split knobs or cleats must be used for t the support of conductors smaller than No. 8 B. & S. gauge. Knobs or cleats which are arranged to grip the wire must be fastened by either screws or nails. If nails are used, they must be long enough to penetrate the wood- work not less than the length of the knob and fully the thickness of the cleat, and must be provided with washers which will prevent, under reasonable usage, injury to the knobs or cleats. c. Wires must be so spliced or joined as to be both mechanically and electrically secure without solder. The joints must then be soldered unless made with some form of approved splicing device, and covered with an insulation equal to that on the conductors. Stranded wires (except in flexible cords) must be soldered before being fastened under clamps or binding screws, and whether stranded or solid, when they have a conductivity greater than that of No. 8 B. & S. gauge they must be soldered into lugs for all terminal connections, except where an approved solderless terminal connector is used. ELECTRICAL CONTROL. d. Wires must be separated from contact with walls, floors, timbers or partitions through which they may pass by non-combustible, non-absorptive insulating tubes, such as glass or porcelain, except at outlets where approved flexible tubing is required. Bushings must be long enough to bush the entire length of the hole in one con- tinuous piece, or else the hole must first be bushed by a continuous waterproof tube. This tube may be a conductor, such as iron pipe, but in that case an insulating bush- ing must be pushed into each end of it, extending far enough to keep ‘the wire abso- lutely out of contact with the pipe. e. Where not enclosed in approved conduit, moulding or armored cable, and where liable to come in contact with gas, water or other metallic piping or other con- ducting material, wires must be separated thereform by some continuous and firmly fixed non-conductor creating a permanent separation. Must not come nearer than 2 inches to any other electric lighting, power or signaling wire, not enclosed as above, without being permanently separated therefrom by some continuous and firmly fixed non-conductor. The non-conductor used as a separator must be in addition to the regular insulation on the wires. Where tubes are used they must be securely fastened at the ends to prevent them from moving along the wire. Deviations from this rule may, when necessary, be allowed by special permission. f. Wires must be so placed in wet places that an air space will be left between conductors and pipes in crossing, and the former must be run in such a way that they cannot come in contact with the pipe accidentally. Wires should be run over, rather than under, pipes upon which moisture is likely to gather or which, by leaking, might cause trouble on a circuit. g. The installation of electrical conductors in moulding, or on insulators, in elevator shafts will not be approved, but conductors may be installed in such shafts if encased in approved metal conduits or armored cables. h. In three-wire (not three-phase) systems, the neutral must be of sufficient capacity to carry the maximum current to which it may be subjected. §417. Underground conductors. a. Underground conductors must be protected against moisture and mechanical injury where brought into a building, and all combustible material must be kept from the immediate vicinity. b. Underground conductors must not be so arranged as to shunt the current through a building around any catch-box. c. Where underground service enters building through tubes, the tubes shall be tightly closed at outlets with asphaltum or other non-conductor, to prevent gases from entering the building through such channels. d. No underground service from a subway to a building and no service from a • private generating plant shall supply more than one building, except by special per- mission, unless the conductors are properly protected by fuses and are carried outside all the buildings but the one served. Where one or more buildings are supplied from another, the conductors are to be carried outside the buildings. Conductors carried under 2 inches of concrete under a building or buried back of 2 inches of concrete or brick within a wall are considered as lying outside the building. These require- ments do not apply to factory yards and factory buildings under single occupancy or management. §418. Table of allowable carrying capacities of wires. a. The following table, showing the allowable carrying capacities of copper wires and cables of 98 per cent, conductivity, according to the standard adopted by the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, must be followed in placing interior conductors. 179 CHAP. 9, ART. 4, SEC. 419. For insulated aluminum wire the safe carrying capacity is 84 per cent, of that given in the following table for copper wire with the same kind of insulation: B.&S. Gauge Number. Diameter of Solid Wire in Mils. Area in Circular Mils. Table A. Rubber Insulation Amperes. Table B. Other Insulation Amperes. 18 40.3 1,624 3 5 16 50.8 2,583 6 10 14 64.1 4,107 15 20 12 80.8 6,530 20 25 10... 101.9 10,380 25 30 8 128.5 16,510 35 50 6 .... 162.0 26,250 50 70 5 181.9 33,100 55 80 4 204.3 41,740 70 90 3 229.4 52,630 80 100 ? 257.6 66,370 90 125 1 289.3 83,690 100 150 0 325. 105,500 125 200 00 364.8 133,100 150 225 000 409.6 167,800 175 275 • 200,000 200 300 0000 460. 211,600 225 325 300,000 275 400 , 400,000 325 500 500,000 400 600 600,000 450 680 700,000 500 760 800,000 550 840 900,000 600 920 1,000,000 650 1,000 1,100,000 690 1,080 1,200,000 730 1,150 1,300,000 770 1,220 1,400,000 810 1,290 1,500,000 850 1,360 1,600,000 890 1,430 1,700,000 930 1,490 1,800,000 970 1,550 1,900,000 1,010 1,610 2,000,000 1,050 1,670 1 Mil. = 0.001 inch. §419. Switches, cut=outs, circuit=breakers, etc. a. On constant 7 potential circuits, all service switches and all switches controlling circuits supplying current to motors or heating devices, and all fuses, unless otherwise provided (for exceptions as to switches see §§208c, 425a and 443c of this chapter; for exceptions as to cut-outs see §423, a b of this chapter) must be so arranged that the fuses will protect and the opening of the switch will disconnect all of the wires; that is, in the two-wire system the 2 wires, and in the three-wire system the 180 ELECTRICAL CONTROL. 3 wires, must be protected by the fuses and disconnected by the operation of the switch. When installed without other automatic overload protective devices automatic overload circuit breakers must have the poles and trip coils so arranged as to afford complete protection against overloads and short circuits. In 2 or 3 phase three- wire circuits and 2-phase four-wire circuits there must be a trip-coil in each of 2 phases, and in four-wire 3-phase circuits there must be a trip-coil in each phase. If a circuit breaker is used in place of the switch it must be so arranged that no one pole can be opened manually without disconnecting all the wires. This, of course, does not apply to the grounded circuit of street railway systems. b. Switches, cut-outs and circuit-breakers must, when placed where exposed to mechanical injury or in the immediate vicinity of easily ignitable stuff or where ex- posed to inflammable gases or dust, or flyings of combustible material, be mounted in approved cut-out boxes or cabinets, except oil switches, circuit breakers and similar devices which have approved casings. Cabinets and cut-out boxes must be of metal when used with metal conduit, armored cable or metal moulding systems. In rooms where inflammable gases may exist, particularly in rooms or compart- ments containing mixing tanks used for the manufacture of inflammable mixtures, in rooms containing wash tanks and in dyeing room of dry-cleaning and dry dyeing establishments; in rooms, vaults or compartments used for the storage of inflam- mable motion picture films or other nitro-cellulose products, and in cellars or base- ments used for storage of drugs, all devices which produce or create sparks or arcs must be placed in approved vapor-proof enclosures. c. Switches, cut-outs and circuit-breakers must, when located where exposed to moisture as in basements and similar places, be mounted in approved cut-out boxes or cabinets, and when located in wet places or outside of buildings must be mounted in approved weatherproof cut-out boxes or cabinets. d. Time switches, sign flashers and similar appliances must be of approved design and enclosed in approved cabinets, except sign flashers mounted as described in §583b of this chapter. e. Switches, cut-outs and circuit-breakers must have the spacing within cabinets or cut-out boxes between the walls of the cabinet or cut-out box and current-carrying parts of devices as specified in §570 of this chapter. §420. Limitation of potential. The installation in any building, except a central station, or a sub-station, or a transformer vault, of electric light or power wiring or appliances operating at a potential in excess of 750 volts is prohibited. §421. Arc lamps. Arc lamps must be provided at all times with glass globes surrounding the arc and securely fastened in place. Broken or cracked globes must not be used. Globes must be provided with wire netting having a mesh not exceeding 1% inches. The netting may be omitted where tight inner globes are employed. §423. Automatic cut=outs (fuses and circuit=breakers). a. Automatic cut-outs must be placed on all service wires, either overhead or underground, in the nearest accessible place to the point where they enter the building and inside the walls, and arranged to cut off the entire current from the building. Departure from this rule may be authorized only under special permission in writing. Where the switch required by §424a of this chapter is inside the building, the cut-out required by this section must be placed so as to protect it, unless the switch is 181 CHAP. 9 , ART. 4 , S£C. 425. of the knife-blade type and is enclosed in an approved box or cabinet, under which conditions the switch may be placed between the source of the supply and the cut-out. Automatic cut-outs must not be placed in any permanently grounded service wire. In risks having private plants, the yard wires running from building to building are not considered as service wires, so that cut-outs would not be required where the wires enter buildings, provided that the next fuse back is small enough to properly protect the wires inside the building in question. b. Automatic cut-outs must be placed at every point where a change is made in the size of wire, unless the cut-out in the larger wire will protect the smaller (see §418 of this chapter). This requirement shall not apply to fixture wires and flexible cords, connected to branch circuits. Automatic cut-outs must not be placed in any permanently grounded wire, except as provided in paragraph d of this section. c. Automatic cut-outs must be in plain sight or enclosed in an approved cabinet, and readily accessible. They must not be placed in the canopies or shells of fixtures. Link fuses may be used only when mounted on approved bases which, except on switchboards, must be mounted in approved cut-out boxes or cabinets. A space of at least 2 inches must be provided between the open-link fuses and metal, or metal lined walls, or metal, metal lined or glass paneled doors of cabinet or cut-out boxes. d. Automatic cut-outs must be so placed that no set of small motors, small heat- ing devices or incandescent lamps, whether grouped on one fixture or on several fixtures or pendants (nor more than 16 medium base sockets or 25 candelabra base sockets or lamp receptacles) requiring more than 660 watts will be dependent upon one cut-out. By special permission, in cases where wiring equal in size and insulation to No. 14 B. & S. gauge approved rubber-covered wire is carried direct into keyless sockets or receptacles, and where the location of sockets and the receptacles is such as to render unlikely the attachment of flexible cords thereto, the circuits may be so arranged that not more than 1,320 watts (or 32 sockets or lamp receptacles) will be dependent upon the final cut-out. Except for signs and outline lighting, sockets and lamp receptacles will be consid- ered as requiring not less than 40 watts each if of medium size, or 25 watts if of can- delabra size. All wires of all branches or taps which are directly connected to lamp sockets or ether translating devices, must be protected by proper fuses, except that by special permission in writing fuses may be omitted in grounded wires of such branches or taps. The above shall also apply to motors, except that small motors may be grouped under the protection of a single set of fuses, provided the rated capacity of the fuses does not exceed 10 amperes. When 1,320 watts are dependent upon one fusible cut-out, as is allowed in theatre wiring, outline lighting, signs and large chandeliers, the fuses may be in accordance with the following table : 125 volts or less 20 amperes 125 to 250 volts 10 amperes e. The rated capacity of fuses must not exceed the allowable carrying capacity of the wires as given in §418 of this chapter. Circuit-breakers must not be set more than 30 per cent, above allowable carrying capacity of the wire, unless a fusible cut-out is also installed on the circuit. Where a rubber-covered conductor carries the current of only 1 A. C. motor of a type requiring large starting current, it may be protected by a fuse or an auto- matic circuit breaker without time limit device, rated in accordance with Table B 182 ELECTRICAL CONTROL. of §418 of this chapter. The rated continuous current capacity of a time limit circuit- breaker protecting a motor of the above typemeed not be greater than 125 per cent, of the motor current rating, providing the time\ limit device is capable of preventing the breaker opening during the starting period. For the protection of wires having safe carrying capacities exceeding the rated capacity of the largest approved enclosed type fuses, approved enclosed fuses arranged in multiple may be used, provided as few fuses as possible are used and the fuses are of equal capacity and provided the cut-out terminals are mounted on a single continuous pair of substantial bus bars. The total capacity of the fuses should not exceed the safe carrying capacity of the wires. This does not 1 apply to motor circuits. f. Each wire of motor circuits except on main switchboard or when otherwise subject to competent supervision, must be protected by an approved fuse whether auto- matic overload circuit breakers are installed or not. Single-phase motors may have one side protected by an approved automatic overload circuit-breaker only, if! the other side is protected by an approved fuse. Circuit breakers will be approved for circuits having a maximum capacity greater than that for which approved enclosed fuses are rated. §424. Switches. a. Switches must be placed on all service wires, either overhead or underground, in the nearest readily accessible place to the point where the wires enter the ! building, and arranged to cut off the entire current. Departure from this rule may be author- ized only under special permission in writing. Service cut-out and switch must be arranged to cut off current from all devices including meters. Service switches must indicate plainly whether they are open or closed. In risks having private plants the yard wires running from building to building are not considered as service wires, so that switches would not be required in each building if there are other switches conveniently located on the mains or if the generators are near at hand. b. Switches must always be placed in dry, accessible places, and be grouped as far as possible (see §419c of this chapter). Single-throw knife switches must be so placed that gravity will not tend to close them. Double-throw knife switches may be mounted so that the throw will be either vertical or horizontal as preferred, but if the throw be vertical a locking device must be provided, so constructed as to insure the blades remaining in the open position when so set. When practicable, switches must be so wired that blades will be “dead” when switch is open. When switches are used in rooms where combustible flyings would be likely to accumulate around them, they must be enclosed in dust-tight cabinets. c. Single-pole switches must never be used as service switches, nor for the control of outdoor signs or circuits located in damp places, nor placed in the neutral wire of a three-wire system, except in the two-wire branch or tap circuit supplying not more than 660 watts. This, of course, does not apply to the grounded circuits of street railway systems. Three-way switches are considered as' single pole switches. d. Where flush switches or receptacles are used, whether with conduit systems or not, they must be enclosed in an approved box constructed of iron or steel, in addition to the porcelain enclosure of the switch or receptacle. Where at floor outlets, attach- ment plugs are liable to mechanical injury, or the presence of moisture is probable, floor outlet boxes specially designed for this purpose must be used. e. Sub-bases of non-combustible, non-absorptive, insulating material, which will separate the wires at least ^2 inch from the surface wired over, must be installed 183 CHAP. 9 , ART. 4, SECS. 425 , 426. tinder all snap switches used in exposed knob and cleat work. Sub-bases must also be used in moulding work unless the switch is approved for mounting directly on the moulding. §425. Electric heaters. a. Each heater of more than 6 amperes or 660 watts capacity must be pro- tected by a cut-out, and controlled by a switch or plug connector plainly indicating whether “on” or “off” and located within sight of the heater. Heaters of 6 amperes of 660 watts capacity, or less, may be grouped under the protection of a single set of fuses, provided the rated capacity of the fuses does not exceed 10 amperes, or may be connected individually to lighting circuits when the normal load on the circuit at any time will not exceed 660 watts. b. Flexible conductors for smoothing irons and sad irons, and for all devices requiring over 250 watts, must have an approved insulation and covering complying with the requirements of §551k of this chapter. c. With portable heating devices, approved plug connectors must be used, so arranged that the plug may be pulled out to open the circuit without leaving any live parts so exposed as to render likely accidental contact therewith. The connector may be located at either end of the flexible conductor or inserted in the conductor itself. d. Smoothing irons, sad irons and other heating devices that are intended to be applied to combustible articles, must be provided with approved stands. e. Stationary heaters, such as radiators, ranges, plate warmers, etc., must be so located as to furnish ample protection between the device and surrounding combustible material. f. Electric heaters must each be provided with a name-plate giving the maker’s name and the normal capacity in volts and amperes or in volts and watts. §426. Wires, low potential systems. 1. General Rules. a. Wires where entering cabinets, cut-out boxes or junction boxes, except where they are in conduit, armored cable or metal moulding, must be protected by approved bushings, which fit tightly the holes in the box and are well secured in place. The wires should completely fill the holes in the bushings so as to keep out the dust, tape being used to build up the wires if necessary. The use of permanently and reliably grounded conductors not complying with the insulation requirements of article 5 of this chapter may be authorized by special permission in writing. b. Wires must not be laid in plaster, cement or similar finish, and must never be fastened with staples. c. Wires must not be fished for any great distance, and only in places where the inspector can satisfy himself that the rules have been complied with. d. Twin wires must never be used, except in conduits, or where flexible con- ductors are necessary. e. Wires must, where exposed to mechanical injury, be suitably protected. When crossing floor timbers in cellars, or in rooms where they might be exposed to injury, wires must be installed in approved conduit or armored cable or be attached by their insulating supports to the under side of a wooden strip, not less than inch in thick- ness, and not less than 3 inches in width. Instead of the running-board, guard strips on each side of and close to the wires will be accepted, these strips to be not less than 7/s inch in thickness, and at least as high as the insulators. Protection on side walls must extend not less than 7 feet from the floor and must consist of substantial boxing, retaining an air space of 1 inch around the con- 184 ELECTRICAL CONTROL. ductors, dosed at the top (the wires passing through bushed holes) or of approved metal conduit or pipe of equivalent strength. When metal conduit or pipe is used, the insulation of each wire must be reinforced by* approved flexible tubing extending from the insulator next below the pipe to the one next above it, unless the conduit is installed according to §428 of this chapter, paragraphs c and f thereof excepted, and the wire is approved for conduit use. The 2 or more wires of a circuit each with its flexible tubing (when required), if car- rying alternating current must, or if direct current may, be placed within the same pipe. In making open work extensions from concealed conduit or armored cable instal- lations, the outlet boxes must first be set out beyond the finished surface or else an extension collar must be added. This collar must be electrically and mechanically secured to the box. The conductors of the extension must be brought out of the side of the box or collar and must be protected by approved insulating bushings as required in par. “a” of this section. f. When run in unfinished attics or roof spaces, wires will be considered as con- cealed and when run in close proximity to water tanks or pipes, they will be con- sidered as exposed to moisture. In unfinished attics or roof spaces wires are considered as exposed to mechanical injury, and must not be run on knobs or upper edge of joists. 2. Open work in dry places. g. Wires must have an approved rubber (type R. S.), slow-burning weatherproof (type S. B. W.), or slow-burning insulation (type S. B.). Slow-burning insulation may be used only in permanently dry locations and under special permission in writing, given in advance. h. Wires must be rigidly supported on non-combustible, non-absorptive insulators, which will separate the wires from each other and from the surface wired over in accordance with the following table : Voltage — 0 to 300; distance from surface, y 2 inch; distance between wires, 2 V 2 inches. Voltage — 301 to 550; distance from surface, 1 inch; distance between wires, 4 inches. Rigid supporting requires under ordinary conditions, where wiring along flat sur- faces, supports at least every A]/ 2 feet. If the wires are liable to be disturbed, the distance between supports must be shortened. In buildings of mill construction, mains of not less than No. 8 B. & S. gauge, where not liable to be disturbed, may be separated about 6 inches, and run from timber to timber, not breaking around, and may be supported at each timber only. Wires must not be “dead-ended” at a rosette, socket or receptacle unless the last support is within 12 inches of the same. 3. Open work in damp places, or buildings specially subject to moisture or to acid or other fumes. i. Wires must have an approved insulating covering. For protection against water, rubber insulation must be used. For protection against corrosive vapors, either weatherproof or rubber insulation must be used. j. Wires must be rigidly supported on non-combustible, non-absorptive insulators, which separate the wire at least 1 inch from the surface wired over, and must be kept apart at least 2 y 2 inches for voltages up to 300, and 4 inches for higher voltages. Rigid supporting requires under ordinary conditions, where wiring over flat sur- faces, supports at least every A r / 2 feet. If the wires are liable to be disturbed, the distance between supports must be shortened. In buildings of mill construction, 185 CHAP . 9, ART. 4, SEC. 426. mains of not less than No. 8 B. & S. gauge, where not liable to be disturbed, may- be separated about 6 inches, and run from timber to timber, not breaking around, and may be supported at each timber only. 4. Metal moulding work. k. Wires must have an approved rubber insulating covering (type R. S.), and must be in continuous lengths from outlet to outlet, or from fitting to fitting, no joints or taps to be made in moulding. Where branch taps are necessary in moulding work approved fittings for this purpose must be used. l. Wires must never be placed in moulding in damp locations; must never be placed in moulding in concealed locations or where the difference of potential between any 2 wires in the same system is over 300 volts. When the electrical construction is being carried out in moulding, permission will be given to extend these mouldings through walls and partitions, if the moulding and capping are in continuous lengths where passing through the walls and partitions. Mouldings must not be used for circuits requiring more than 1,320 watts of energy. m. Wires must for alternating current systems if in metal moulding have the two or more wires of a circuit installed in the same moulding. 5. Conduit work. n. Wires must have an approved rubber insulating covering, and must within the conduit tubing be without splices or taps, and must be provided with a lead covering if the conduit is installed in a damp place and is not watertight. Wires must be double braided (type R. D.) for twin, twisted pair or multiple conductor cables and for all single conductors of No. 6 B. & S. gauge and larger. Slow burning insulation may, however, be used in permanently dry locations where excessive temperatures are present, provided special permission in writing be given in advance. o. Wires must not be drawn in until all mechanical work on the building has been, as far as possible, completed. Conductors in vertical conduit risers must be supported within the conduit system in accordance with the following table : No. 14 to 0 every 100 feet. No. 00 to 0000 every 80 feet. 0000 to 350,000 C. M. every 60 feet. 350.000 C. M. to 500,000 C. M. every 50 feet. 500.000 C. M. to 750,000 C. M. every 40 feet. 750.000 C. M. every 35 feet. The following methods of supporting cables are recommended : 1. Approved clamping devices constructed of or employing insulating wedges inserted in the ends of the conduit. 2. Junction boxes may be inserted in the conduit system at the required intervals, in which insulating supports of approved type must be installed and secured in a satis- factory manner so as to withstand the weight of the conductors attached thereto, the boxes to be provided with proper covers. 3. Cables may be supported in approved junction boxes on 2 or more insulat- ing supports so placed that the conductors will be deflected at an angle of not less than 90 degrees, arid carried a distance of not less than twice the diameter of the cable from its vertical position. Cables so suspended may be additionally secured to these insulators by tie wires. Conductors larger than No. 4 B. & S. gauge must not be materially deflected where they enter or leave the cabinet, and where terminating in the cabinet must be properly supported at the end of the conduit. Other methods may be used, if specially approved. 186 ELECTRICAL CONTROL. p. Wires must, for alternating systems, have the 2 or more wires of a circuit drawn in the same conduit. Except in the case of stage pocket and border circuits the same conduit must not contain more than 4 two-wire, or 3 three- wire circuits of the same system, except by special permission, and must never contain circuits of different systems. 6. Concealed “knob and tube” work. q. The installation of concealed knob and tube work is prohibited. §427. Armored cables. a. Armored cables must be continuous from outlet to outlet or to junction boxes or cabinets, and the armor of the cable must properly enter and be secured to all fittings, and the entire system must be mechanically secured in position. In case of service connections and main runs, this involves running such armored cables continuously into a main cut-out cabinet or gutter surrounding the panel board, as the case may be. b. Armored cables must be equipped at every outlet with an approved outlet box or plate, as required in conduit work. Outlet plates must not be used where it is practicable to install outlet boxes. For concealed work in walls and ceilings composed of plaster on wooden joist or stud construction, outlet boxes or plates and also cut-out cabinets must be so installed that the front edge will not be more than 54 inch back of the finished surface of the plaster, and if this surface is broken or incomplete it shall be repaired so that it will not show any gaps or open spaces around the edges of the outlet box or plate or of the cut-out cabinet. On wooden walls or ceilings, outlet boxes or plates and cut-out cabinet must be so installed that the front edge will either be flush with the finished surface or project therefrom. This will not apply to concealed work in walls or ceilings, composed of concrete, tile or other non-combustible material. In buildings already constructed where the conditions are such that neither outlet box nor plate can be installed, these appliances may be omitted by special permission, provided the armored cable is firmly and rigidly secured in place. c. Armored cables must have the metal armor of cables permanently and effect- ually grounded to water piping, gas piping or other suitable grounds, provided that when connections are made to gas piping they must be on the street side of the meter. If the armored cable system consists of several separate sections, the sections must be bonded to each other, and the system grounded, or each section may be separately grounded, as required above. The armor of cables and gas pipes must be securely fastened in outlet boxes, junction boxes and cabinets, so as to secure good electrical connection. If armor of cables and metal of couplings, outlet boxes, junction boxes, cabinets or fittings, having protective coating of non-conducting material, such as enamel, are used, such coating must be thoroughly removed' from threads of both couplings and the armor of cables, and from surfaces of the boxes, cabinets and fittings where the armor of cables or ground clamp is secured in order to obtain the requisite good connection. Grounded pipes must be cleaned of rust, scale, etc., at place of attachment of ground clamp. Connections to grounded pipes and to armor of cables must be exposed to view or accessible, and must be made by means of approved ground clamps. Ground wires must be of copper, at least No. 10 B. & S. gauge (where largest wire contained in cable is not greater than No. 0 B. & S. gauge), and need not be greater than No. 4 B. & S. gauge (where largest wire contained in cable is greater than No. 0 B. & S. gauge). They shall be protected 1 from mechanical injury. d. When installed in so-called fireproof buildings in course of construction or 187 CHAP. 9, ART. 4, SEC. 428. afterwards if exposed to moisture, or where it is exposed to the weather, or in damp places, such as breweries, stables, etc., the cable must have a lead covering placed between the outer braid of the conductors and the steel armor. The lead covering is not to be required when the cable is run against brick walls or laid in ordinary planter walls unless same are continuously damp. e. Where entering junction boxes, and at all other outlets, etc., armored cables must be provided with approved terminal fittings which will protect the insulation of the conductors from abrasion, unless such junction or outlet boxes are specially designed and approved for use with the cable. f. Junction uoxes must always be installed in such a manner as to be accessible. g. For alternating current systems, armored cables must have the 2 or more conductors of the circuit enclosed in 1 metal armor. h. All bends must be so made that the armor of the cable will not be injured. The radius of the curve of the inner edge of any bend shall not be less than \ l / 2 inches. §428. Interior conduits. a. No conduit smaller than inch, electrical trade size, shall be used. b. Interior conduits must be continuous from outlet to outlet or to junction boxes or cabinets, and the conduit must properly enter, and be secured to all fittings and the entire system must be mechanically secured in position. In case of service connections and main runs, this involves running each conduit continuously into a main cut-out cabinet or gutters surrounding the panel board, as the case may be. Departure frorn^ this rule may be authorized in case of underground services by special permission. c. Interior conduits must be first installed as a complete conduit system, without the conductors. d. Interior conduits must be equipped at every outlet with an approved outlet box or plate. At exposed ends of conduit (but not at fixture outlets) where wires pass from the conduit system without splice, joint or tap, an approved fitting having separately bushed holes for each conductor must be used. Departure from this rule may be authorized by special permission. Outlet plates must not be used where it is practicable to install outlet boxes. For concealed work in walls and ceilings composed of plaster on wooden joist or stud construction, outlet boxes or plates and also cut-out cabinets must be so installed that the front edge will not be more than ^ inch back of the finished surface of the plaster, and if this surface is broken or incomplete it shall be repaired so that it wili not show any gaps or open spaces around the edges of the outlet box or plate or of the cut-out cabinet. On wooden walls or ceilings, outlet boxes or plates and cut-out cabinets must be so installed that the front edge will either be flush with the finished surface or project therefrom. This will not apply to concealed work in walls or ceil- ings composed of concrete, tile or other non-combustible material. In buildings already constructed where the conditions are such that neither outlet box nor plate can be installed, these appliances may be omitted providing the conduit ends are bushed and secured. e. Metal conduits where they enter junction boxes, and at all other outlets, etc., must be provided with approved bushings or fastening plates fitted so as to protect wire from abrasion, except when such protection is obtained by the use of approved nipples, properly fitted in boxes or devices. f. Interior conduits must have the metal of the conduit permanently and effectu- ally grounded to water piping, gas piping or other suitable grounds, provided that when connections are made to gas piping, they must be on the street side of the meter. If the conduit system consists of several separate sections, the sections must be bonded 188 ELECTRICAL CONTROL. to each other, and the system grounded, or each section may be separately grounded, as required above. Where short sections of conduit (or pipe of equivalent strength) is used for the protection of exposed wiring on side walls, and such conduit or pipe and wiring is installed as required by §426e of this chapter, the conduit or pipe need not be grounded. Conduits and gas pipes must be securely fastened in outlet boxes, junction boxes and cabinets, so as to secure good electrical connections. If conduit couplings, outlet boxes, junction boxes, cabinets or fittings, having pro- tective coatings of non-conducting material, such as enamel, are used, such coating must be thoroughly removed from threads of both couplings and conduit, and such surfaces of boxes, cabinets and fittings where the conduit or ground clamp is secured in order to obtain the requisite good connection. Grounded pipes should be cleaned of rust scale, etc., at place of attachment of ground clamp. Connections to grounded pipes and to conduit must be exposed to view or acces- sible, and must be made by means of approved ground clamps. Ground wires must be of copper at least No. 10 B. & S. gauge (where largest wire contained in conduit is not greater than No. 0 B. & S. gauge), and need not be greater than No. 4 B. & S. gauge (where largest wire contained in conduit is greater than No. 0 B. & S. gauge). They shall be protected from mechanical injury. g. Junction boxes must always be installed in such a manner as to be accessible. Such boxes are considered to be accessible when installed in an attic that has sufficient head room, but which is reached only by a portable ladder and permanent hatch. h. All elbows or bends must be so made that the conduit will not be injured. The radius of the curve of the inner edge of any elbow shall not be less than 3*A inches. There must be not more than the equivalent of 4 quarter bends from outlet to outlet, the bends at the outlets not being counted. i. Conduit sizes for various numbers, gauges and types of conductors must con- form to the following table : Size of Conduits for the Installation of Wires and Cables — Number of Conductors. Size B.&S. . One Conductor in a Conduit. Size Con- duit, In. Electrical Trade Size. Two Conductors in a Conduit. Size Con- duit, In. Electrical Trade Size. Three Conductors in a Conduit. Size Con- duit, In. Electrical Trade Size. Four Conductors in a Conduit. Size Con- duit, In. Electrical Trade Size. 14 1/2 1/2 1/2 3/4 12 1/2 3/4 3/4 3/4 10 1/2 3/4 3/4 1 8 1/2 1 1 1 6 1/2 1 1 1/4 1 1/4 5 3/4 1 1/4 1 1/4 1 1/4 4 3/4 1 1/4 1 1/4 1 1/2 3 3/4 1 1/4 1 1/4 1 1/2 2 3/4 1 1/4 1 1/2 1 1/2 1 3/4 1 1/2 1 1/2 2 0 1 1 1/2 2 2 00 1 2 2 2 1/2 000 1 2 2 2 1/2 0000 11/4 2 2 1/2 2 1/2 189 CHAP. 9, ART. 4, SEC. 428. Size B.&S. One Conductor in a Conduit. Size Con- duit, In. Electrical Trade Size. Two Conductors in a Conduit. Size Con- duit, In. Electrical Trade Size. Three Conductors in a Conduit. Size Con- duit, In. Electrical Trade Size. Four Conductors in a Conduit. Size Con- duit, In. Electrical Trade Size. CM 200000 11/4 2 2 1/2 2 1/2 250000 11/4 2 1/2 2 1/2 3 300000 11/4 2 1/2 2 1/2 3 400000 11/4 3 3 3 1/2 500000 11/2 3 3 3 1/2 600000 11/2 3 3 1/2 700000 2 3 1/2 3 1/2 800000 2 3 1/2 4 900000 2 3 1/2 4 1000000 2 4 4 1250000 2 1/2 4 1/2 4 1/2 1500000 2 1/2 4 1/2 5 1750000 3 5 5 2000000 3 5 6 14 Twin Conductor. 1/2 3/4 1 1 12 1/2 3/4 1 1 1/4 10 3/4 1 1 1/4 1 1/4 3 Conductor Convertible System. Size of Conductors. A Size Con- duit, In. Electrical Trade Size. 2-Conductor. Size B. & S. 1 -Conductor. Size B. & S. 14 10 3/4 12 8 3/4 10 6 1 8 4 1 6 2 1 1/4 5 1 1 1/4 4 0 1 1/2 3 00 1 1/2 2 000 1 1/2 0 0000 2 0 250000 2 00 350000 2 1/2 000 400000 2 1/2 0000 550000 3 250000 600000 3 300000 800000 3 190 ELECTRICAL CONTROL. Size of Conductors. Size Con- duit, In. Electrical Trade Size. 2-Conductor. Size B. & S. 'N . 1 -Conductor. Size B. & S. 400000 1000000 3 1/2 500000 1250000 4 600000 1500000 4 700000 1750000 4 1/2 800000 2000000 4 1/2 Single Conductor Combination. Note — Where special permission has been given in accordance of this chapter the following table to apply: with section 426 Size Con- No. of duit, In. Wires. Electrical Trade Size. 3 No. 14 R.C. solid 5 No. 14 R.C. solid 10 No. 14 R.C. solid 18 No. 14 R.C. solid 24 No. 14 R.C. solid 40 No. 14 R.C. solid 74 No. 14 R.C. solid 90 No. 14 R.C. solid 1/2 3/4 1 1 1/4 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 §429. Metal mouldings. a. Metal moulding must be continuous from outlet to outlet, to junction boxes, or approved fittings designed especially for use with metal mouldings, and must at all outlets be provided with approved terminal fittings which will protect the insulation of conductors from abrasion, unless such protection is afforded by the construction of the boxes or fittings. b. Such mouldings where passing through a floor must be carried through an iron pipe extending from the ceiling below to a point 5 feet above the floor, which will serve as an additional mechanical protection and exclude the presence of moisture often prevalent in such locations. Where the mechanical strength of the moulding itself is adequate, this ruling may be modified to require the protecting piping from the ceiling below to a point at least 3 inches above the flooring. Where such mouldings pass through a partition the iron pipe required for passing through floors may be omitted and the moulding passed directly through, providing the partition is dry and the moulding is in a continuous length with no joint or couplings within the partition. c. Backing must be secured in position by screws or bolts, the heads of which must be flush with the metal. d. Metal moulding must be permanently and effectively grounded to water piping, gas piping, or other suitable grounds, provided that when connections are made to gas piping they must be on the street side of the meter. If the metal moulding system consists of several separate sections, the sections must be bounded to each 191 CHAP. 9 , ART. 4 , SEC. 430. other and the system grounded, or each section may be separately grounded, as re- quired above. Metal mouldings and gas pipes must be securely fastened to outlet boxes, junction boxes and cabinets, so as to secure a good electrical connection. Moulding must be so installed that adjacent lengths of moulding will be mechanically and electrically secured at all points. If metal moulding, couplings, outlet boxes, junction boxes, cabinets or fittings having protective coating of non-conducting material such as enamel are used, such coating must be thoroughly removed from threads of couplings and metal mouldings, and from the surface of boxes, cabinets and fittings, where the metal moulding or ground clamp is secured in order to obtain the requisite good connection. Grounded pipes should be cleaned of rust, scale, etc., at the place of attachment of the ground clamp. Connection to grounded pipes and to metal mouldings must be exposed to view, or accessible, and must be made by means of approved ground clamps. Ground wires must be of copper, at least No. 10 B. & S. gauge. They shall be protected from mechanical injury. e. Must be installed so that for alternating systems the 2 or more wires of a circuit will be in the same metal moulding. §430. Fixtures. a. Fixtures must, except as specified in paragraph b hereof, be insulated from their supports by approved insulating joints placed as close as possible to the ceilings or walls. Where insulating joints are required, fixture canopies of metal must be thoroughly and permanently insulated from metal walls or ceilings or from plaster walls or ceilings on metal lathing and from outlet boxes. Canopy insulators must be securely fastened in place so as to separate the canopies thoroughly and permanently from the surface and outlet boxes from which they are designed to be insulated. Gas pipes must be protected above the insulating joints by approved insulating tubing, and where outlet tubes are used, they must be of sufficient length to extend below the in- sulating joint and must be so secured that they will not be pushed back when the canopy is put in place. b. Insulating joints and canopy insulators may be omitted in the following cases: 1. Straight electric fixtures metallically connected in a permanent and effective manner to metal conduit, armored cable or metal moulding systems or to gas piping, provided such gas piping is grounded : in the manner prescribed for conduit in §428 of this chapter. 2. Straight electric fixtures connected to knob and tube, wooden molding or open work, except on metal ceilings or on plaster walls or ceilings containing metal lathing. 3. Straight electric fixtures which are permanently and effectively grounded to a separate ground wire not smaller than No. 14 B. & S. gauge. 4. By special permission in writing, straight electric fixtures may be grounded by connecting them by an approved means' to one of the supply wires of the fixture, provided such wire is permanently and effectively grounded, and if there is no fuse, circuit breaker or switch in that side of the circuit between the fixture and the ground connection. 5. Combination fixtures in which all wires have an approved rubber insulation not less than 3-64 inch in thickness and where gas piping is grounded, as in subdivi- sion 1 above. c. For fixtures which are not attached to gas pipes or conduit unless outlet boxes or other approved fittings which will give proper support for fixtures are used, a % inch block must be fastened between studs or floor timbers flush with the back of lathing to hold tubing and to support fixtures. When this cannot be done wooden 192 ELECTRICAL CONTROL. base blocks, not less than Y inch in thickness, securely screwed to lathing, must be provided. Fixtures having so-called flat canopies, tops or backs, will not be approved foi installation, except where outlet boxes are used. d. When installed out of doors, fixtures must be of water-tight construction. e. Fixture wires must not be smaller than No. 18 B. & S. gauge, and must have an approved insulating covering (see §552 of this chapter). In wiring certain designs of show-case fixtures, ceiling bulls-eyes and similar ap- pliances in which the wiring is exposed to temperatures in excess of 120 degrees Fahrenheit (49 degrees Centigrade) from the heat of the lamps, conductors having approved slow-burning or other heat-resisting coverings must be used. All such forms of fixtures must be submitted for examination, test and approval before being intro- duced for use. f. Supply conductors, and especially the splices to fixture wires, must be kept clear of the grounded part of gas pipes, and, where shells or outlet boxes are used, they must be made sufficiently large to allow the fulfilment of this requirement. g. Fixtures must, when wired on the outside, have the conductors so secured as not to be cut or abraded by the pressure of the fastenings or motion of the fixture. Chain fixtures must be wired with flexible conductors. h. Wires of different systems must never be contained in or attached to the same fixture, and under no circumstances must there* be a difference of potential of more than 300 volts between wires contained in or attached to the same fixtures. i. Fixtures must be free from short circuits between conductors and from con- tacts between conductors and metal parts of fixtures, and must be tested for such con- ditions before being connected to supply conductors. §431. Sockets. a. In rooms where inflammable gases may exist (see §419b of this chapter), the incandescent lamp and socket must be enclosed in a vapor-tight globe, and supported on a pipe-hanger, wired with approved rubber-covered wire soldered directly to the circuit. b. In damp or wet places, or where exposed to corrosive vapors, weatherproof sockets especially approved for the location must be used. Unless made up on fixtures they must be hung by stranded rubber-covered conductors not smaller than No. 14 B. & S. gauge, which should preferably be twisted together when the pendant is over 3 feet long. These wires must be soldered direct to the circuit wires but supported inde- pendently of them. c. Key sockets will not be approved if installed over specially inflammable stuff, or where exposed to flyings of combustible material. §432. Flexible cord. a. Flexible cords must have an approved insulation and covering. b. Flexible cord must not be used where the difference of potential between the 2 wires is over 300 volts. c. Flexible cord must not be used as a support for clusters. d. Flexible cord must not be used except for pendants, wiring of fixtures, port- able lamps or motors, portable heating apparatus or other portable devices. For all portable work, including those pendants which are liable to be moved about sufficiently to come in contact with surrounding objects, flexible wires and cables especially designed to withstand this severe service must be used. When necessary to prevent portable lamps from coming in contact with inflam- mable materials, or to protect them from breakage, they must be surrounded with a substantial guard. 193 CHAP. 9, ART. 4, SECS. 433, 434. e. Unless provided with approved metal armor, flexible cord must not be used in show windows or show cases, except that approved portable cord may be used for the purpose of supplying current to portable lamps and other devices for exhibition purposes. f. Flexible cord must be protected by approved bushing where the cord enters the sockets, unless the socket is so constructed that no bushing is required. g. Must be so connected to all fittings that strain is taken from the joints and binding screws. h. Must where passing through covers of outlet boxes be protected by approved bushing especially designed for this purpose. So-called hard rubber composition bush- ings threaded into box covers must not be used. §433. Arc lamps on constant=potential circuits. a. There must be a cut-out (see §419 of this chapter) for each lamp or each series of lamps. The branch conductors must have a carrying capacity about 50 per cent, in excess of the normal current required by the lamp. b. Arc lamps must be furnished only with such resistances or regulators as are enclosed in non-combustible material, such resistances being treated as sources of heat. Incandescent lamps must not be used for this purpose. c. Arc lamps must be supplied with globes and protected by spark arresters and wire netting around the globe, as in the case of series arc lamps (see §421 of this chapter). Outside arc lamps must be suspended at least 8 feet above sidewalks. Inside arc lamps must be placed out of reach or suitably protected. d. Arc lamps, when arranged to be raised and lowered, either for carboning or other purposes, shall be connected up with stranded conductors from the last point of support to the lamp, when such conductor is larger than No. 14 B. & S. gauge. e. Economy and compensator coils for arc lamps must be mounted on non-com- bustible, non-absortive, insulating supports, such as glass or porcelain, allowing an air space of at least 1 inch between frame and support, and must in general be treated as sources of heat. §434. Vapor lamps. 1. Enclosed mercury vapor lamps. a. Enclosed mercury vapor lamps must have a cut-out for each lamp or series of lamps except when contained in a single frame and lighted by a single operation in which case not more than 5 lamps should be dependent upon a single cut-out. b. Enclosed mercury vapor lamps must be furnished only with such resistances or regulators as are enclosed in non-combustible cases, such resistances to be treated as sources of heat. In locations where these resistances or regulators are subject to flyings of lint or combustible material, all openings through cases must be protected by fine wire gauze. 2. High-potential vacuum tube systems. c. The tube must be so installed as to be free from mechanical injury or liability to contact with inflammable materials. d. High-potential coils and regulating apparatus must be installed in approved steel cabinet not less than 1-10 inch in thickness; same to be well ventilated in such a manner as to prevent the escape of any flame or sparks, in case of burnout in the various coils. All apparatus in this box must be mounted on slate base and the enclosing case positively grounded. Supplying conductors leading into this high- potential case are to be installed in accordance with the standard requirements govern- ing low-potential systems, where such wires do not carry a potential of over 300 volts. 194 ELECTRICAL CONTROL . §435. Gas Filled Incandescent Lamps. a. Must be so grouped that not more than 660 watts (nor more than 16 sockets or receptacles) will be dependent on one cutout except that in cases where wiring equal in size to No. 14 B. & S. gauge is carried directly into keyless sockets or recep- tacles, the location of which is such as to render unlikely the attachment of flexible cords, thereto, the circuits may be so arranged that not more than 1,320 watts (or 32 sockets or receptacles) will be dependent on the final cutout. Where a single socket or receptacle is used on a circuit the limitation of watts permissible on the final cutout shall be the maximum capacity for which such socket or receptacle is approved. b. Must not be used in show windows or in other locations where inflammable material is liable to come in contact with lamp equipment except where used in con- nection with approved fixtures where temperature of any exposed portion of same does not exceed 200 degrees Fahr. (93 degrees Centigrade.) c. Must not be used in connection with medium-base sockets or receptacles if of above 250 watts nominal capacity nor with Mogul base sockets or receptacle if of above 1,500 watts capacity. d. Fixtures within buildings must be wired with conductors having approved slow-burning or other heat-resisting coverings where the temperature to which wire is subjected at any point exceeds 120 degrees Fahr. (49 degrees Centigrade). Where fixtures are placed outside of buildings approved rubber insulated wire is required. §436. Transformers, low potential. 1. Oil transformers. a. Must not be placed inside any building except central stations or sub-stations, unless in transformer vaults and by special permission. 2. Air cooled transformers. b. Air cooled transformers must not be placed inside of any building, excepting central stations or sub-stations if the highest voltage of either primary or secondary exceeds 550 volts, unless installed in approved transformer vaults. c. Air cooled transformers must, with the exception of bell-ringing and other signaling transformers, be so mounted that the case shall be at a distance of at least 1 foot from combustible material or separated therefrom by a slab or panel of non- combustible, non-absorptive, insulating material, such as slate, marble or soapstone. §437. Decorative lighting systems. a. Special permission in writing may be given for the temporary installation of approved systems of decorative lighting, provided the difference of potential between the wires of any circuit shall not be over 150 volts and also provided that no group of lamps requiring more than 1,320 watts shall be dependent on 1 cut-out. §438. Theatre and moving picture establishment wiring. All wiring, apparatus, etc., not specifically covered by this section must conform to the general requirements of this chapter, and the term theatre shall mean a building, or that part of a building, regularly or frequently used for dramatic, operatic, moving picture or other performances or shows or which has a stage for such performances used with scenery or other stage appliances. a. Services. Where supply may be obtained from 2 separate street mains, 2 separate and distinct services must be installed, 1 service to be of sufficient capacity to supply current for the entire equipment of theatre, while the other service must be at least of sufficient capacity to supply current for all emergency lights. Where supply cannot be obtained from 2 separate sources, the feed for emergency lights must be taken from a point on the street side of main service fuses. By “emergency lights” are 195 CHAP. 9, ART. 4, SEC. 438. meant exit lights and all lights in lobbies, stairways, corridors and other portions of theatre to which the public have access, which are normally kept lighted during the performance. Where source of supply is an isolated plant within the same building, an auxiliary service of at least sufficient »capacity to supply all emergency lights must be installed from some outside source, or a suitable storage battery within the premises may be considered the equivalent of such service. b. Stage. All permanent construction on stage side of proscenium wall, except as hereinafter provided, must be approved conduit or armored cable. c. Switchboards must be of the dead front type and made of non-combustible, non-absorptive insulating material, plans of each board to be approved before installa- tion. Dimmers must be dead when the switch controlling circuit of which dimmer forms a part is open. d. Footlights must be wired in approved conduit or armored cable, each lamp receptacle being enclosed within an approved outlet box, or the lamp receptacles may be mounted in an iron or steel box, metal to be of a thickness not less than No. 20 U. S. sheet metal gauge, treated to prevent oxidation, so constructed as to enclose all the wires and providing at least y 2 inch separation between the metal of the box and receptacle terminals ; wires to be soldered to lugs of receptacles. Footlights must be so wired that no set of lamps requiring more than 1,320 watts nor more than 32 receptacles shall be dependent upon one cut-out. e. Borders and proscenium sidelights. 1. Borders and proscenium sidelights must be constructed of steel of a thickness not less than No. 20 U. S. sheet metal gauge, treated to prevent oxidation, be suitably stayed and supported, and so designed that flanges of reflectors will protect lamps. 2. Borders and proscenium sidelights must be so wired that no set of lamps requiring more than 1,320 watts nor more than 32 receptacles shall be dependent upon 1 cut-out. 3. Borders and proscenium sidelights must be wired in approved conduit or armored cable, each lamp receptacle to be enclosed within an approved outlet box, or the lamp receptacles may be mounted in an iron or steel box, metal to be of a thickness not less than No. 20 U. S. sheet metal gauge^ treated to prevent oxidation, so constructed as to enclose all wires and providing at least y 2 inch separation between the metal of the box and receptacle terminals; the wires to be soldered to lugs of receptacles. 4. Borders and proscenium sidelights must be provided with suitable guards to prevent scenery or other combustible material coming in contact with lamps. 5. Cables for borders must be of approved type and suitably supported ; conduit construction must be used from switchboard to point where cables must be flexible to permit of the raising and lowering of border. 6. For the wiring of the border proper, wire with approved slow-burning insula- tion must be used. 7. Borders must be suitably suspended, and if a wire rope is used same must be insulated by at least 1 strain insulator inserted at the border. f. Stage and gallery pockets must be of approved type, insulated from ground and controlled from switchboard, each receptacle to be not less than 35 amperes rating for arc lamps nor 15 amperes for incandescent lamps, and each receptacle to be wired to its full capacity. Arc pockets must be wired with wire not smaller than No. 6 B. & S. gauge and incandescent pockets with not less than No. 12 B. & S. gauge. Plugs for arc and incandescent pockets must not be interchangeable. 196 ELECTRICAL CONTROL . g. Scene docks. Where lamps are installed in scene docks they must be so located and installed that they will not be liable to mechanical injury. h: Curtain motors must be of enclosed type and installed so as to conform to the requirements of §208 of this chapter. i. Control for stage flues. In cases where dampers are released by an electric device the electric circuit operating same must be normally closed. Magnet operating damper must be wound to take full voltage of circuit by which it is supplied, using no resistance device, and must not heat more than normal for apparatus of similar construction. It must be located in loft above scenery and be installed in a suitable iron box with a tight self-closing door. Such dampers must be controlled by at least 2 standard single pole switches mounted within approved iron boxes provided with self-closing doors, without lock or latch, and located, one at the electrician’s station and others as designated. j. Dressing rooms must be wired in approved conduit or armored cable. All pendant lights must be equipped with approved reinforced cord, armored cable or steel armored flexible cord. All lamps must be provided with approved guards which are sealed or locked in place. k. Portable equipment. Arc lamps used for stage effects must conform to the following requirements : l. Must be constructed entirely of metal of a thickness not less than No. 20 U. S. sheet metal gauge except where the use of approved insulating material is necessary. 2. Must be substantially constructed, and so designed as to provide for proper ventilation, and to prevent sparks being emitted from lamps when same are in opera- tion, and mica must be used for frame insulation. 3. Front opening must be provided with a self-closing hinged door frame, in which wire gauze or glass must be inserted, except in the case of lens lamps, where the front may be stationary, and a solid door be provided on back or side. 4. Must be so constructed that neither carbons nor live parts will be brought into contact with metal of hood during operation, and arc lamp frames and standards must be so installed and protected as to prevent the liability of their being grounded. 5. Switch on standard must be so constructed that accidental contact with any live portion of same will be impossible. 6. All stranded connections in lamps and at switch and rheostat must be pro- vided with approved lugs. 7. Rheostats must be plainly marked with their rated capacity in volts and amperes, and, if mounted on standards, must be raised to a height of at least 3 inches above floor. Resistance must be enclosed in a substantial and properly ventilated metal case which affords a clearance of at least 1 inch between case and resistance element. 8. A competent operator must be in charge of each arc lamp, except that 1 operator may have charge of 2 lamps when they are not more than 10 feet apart, and are so located that he can properly watch and care for both lamps. l. Bunches must be substantially constructed of metal and must not contain any exposed wiring; cable feeding bunches must be bushed in an approved manner where passing through the metal, and must be properly secured to prevent any mechanical strain from coming on the connection. m. Strips must be constructed of steel of a thickness not less than No. 20 U. S. sheet metal gauge, treated to prevent oxidation, and suitably stayed and supported and so designed that flanges will protect lamps. Cable must be bushed in a suitable! manner 197 CHAP. 9, ART. 4, SEC. 438. where passing through the metal, and must be properly secured to prevent serious mechanical strain from coming on the connections. Strips must be wired in approved conduit or armored cable, each lamp receptacle being enclosed within an approved out- let box or the lamp receptacles may be mounted in an iron or steel box, metal to be of a thickness not less than No. 20 U. S. sheet metal gauge, treated to prevent oxidation, so constructed as to enclose all wires, the wires- to be soldered to lugs of receptacles. n. Portable plugging boxes must be so constructed that no current carrying part will be exposed, and each receptacle must be protected; by approved fuses mounted on slate or marble bases and enclosed in a fireproof cabinet equipped with self-closing doors. Each receptacle must be constructed to carry 30 amperes without undue heat- ing, and the busbars must have a carrying capacity equivalent to the current required .for the total number of receptacles, and approved lugs must be provided for the connection of the master cable. o. Pin plug connectors must be of an approved type, so installed that the female part of plug will be on live end of cable, and must be so constructed that tension on the cable will not cause serious mechanical strain on the connections. p. Portable conductors used from receptacles to arc lamps, bunches and other portable equipments must be approved stage cable, except that for the purpose of feeding a stand lamp under conditions where conductors are not liable to severe mechanical injury an approved reinforced cord may be used, provided cut-out designed to protect same is not fused over 10 amperes capacity. q. Brackets used on scenery must be wired entirely on the inside, fixture stem must come through to the back of the scenery and end of stem be properly bushed. Fixtures must be securely fastened in place. r. String or festooned light wiring must be of approved type, joints to be properly made, soldered and taped, and staggered where practicable. Where lamps are used in lanterns or similar devices, approved guards must be employed. s. Special electrical effects. Where devices are used for producing special effects such as lightning, waterfalls, etc., the apparatus must be so constructed and located that flames, sparks, etc., resulting from the operation cannot come in contact with combustible material. t. Auditorium wiring must be installed in approved conduit, metal moulding or . armored cable. Where receptacles are used, they must be enclosed in approved boxes. Exit lights must not have more than 1 set of fuses between same and service fuses. Exit lights and all lights in halls, corridors or any other part of the building used by audience, except the general auditorium lighting, must be fed independently of the stage lighting, and must be controlled only from the lobby or other convenient place in front of the house. All fuses must be enclosed in approved cabinets. u. Moving picture equipments other than those of approved miniature type. 1. The arc lamp used as a part of a moving picture machine must be constructed, so far as practicable, similar to arc lamps of theatres, and wiring to same must not be of less capacity than No. 6 B. & S. gauge. The leads to the lamp and its rheostat or equivalent device must be protected by a plug cut-out or open link fuses, the latter enclosed in an approved cabinet with self-closing door. Cartridge fuses will not be permitted. 2. Rheostats, transforming devices or any substitute therefor must be of types expressly designed and approved for the purpose. Their installation and location must be subject to approval as parts of the moving picture machine. 3. Top and bottom reels must be enclosed in steel boxes or magazines, each with an opening of approved construction at bottom or top, so arranged as not to permit 198 ELECTRICAL CONTROL. entrance of flame to magazine. No solder is to be used in the construction of these magazines. The front side of each magazine* must consist of a door swinging hori- zontally and be provided with a substantial latch. 4. An automatic shutter must be provided and must be so constructed as to shield the film from the beam of light whenever the film is not running at operating speed. Shutter must be permanently attached to the gate frame. 5. Extra films must be kept in individual metal boxes equipped with tight-fitting covers. 6. Machine operation must be of an approved type. If driven by a motor, the latter must be of a type expressly designed and approved for such operations, and when so approved, motor driven machines, when in charge of a skilled operator, may be authorized under special permission in writing, given in advance. 7. Machine must be placed in an enclosure or house made of suitable fireproof material ; must be properly ventilated, properly lighted and large enough for operator to walk freely on either side of or back of machine. All openings into this booth must be arranged so as to be entirely closed by doors or shutters constructed of the same or equally good fire-resisting material as the booth itself. Doors or covers must be arranged so as to be held normally closed by spring hinges or equivalent devices. 8. Reels containing films under examination or in process of rewinding must be enclosed in magazines or approved metal boxes, similar to those required for films in operation, and not more than 2 feet of film shall be exposed in booth. v. Moving picture equipments of approved miniature type for home, lecture and similar purposes. 1. All equipments must be expressly approved, and such approval must cover the entire machine, including all attachments, current-controlling devices and other parts employed, including also the film. 2. The entire equipment must consume not more than 660 watts. 3. Arc lamps must be constructed so far as practicable in accordance with the requirements of §438 k, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 of this chapter, and incandescent lamps must be suitably enclosed. 4. Rheostats, transformers, switches and other similar current-controlling devices must be attached to and form a part of the machine, must have no live parts exposed, and must comply with the requirements of §565 and §578 or §581 a, b, of this chapter. 5. Films must be of an improved slow-burning type having a permanent distinc- tive marker. 6. Machines must be so constructed that they cannot be used with films employed on the full-sized commercial moving picture machine. This may be accomplished by using a film of special width, or with special perforations or by any other approved means. 7. Machines must be marked with the name or trade-mark of the maker, and with the voltage and current rating for which they are designed, and be plainly marked, “For use with slow-burning films only.” §439. Outline lighting. a. Outline lighting must be connected only to low-potential systems. b. Open or conduit work or metal trough construction may be used, but mould- ing will not be permitted. c. Where flexible tubing is required, the ends must be sealed and painted with moisture repellent and kept at least Yi inch from surface wired over. d. Wires for use in rigid or flexible steel conduit must comply with requirements for conduit work. Where armored cable is use, the conductors must be protected from moisture by lead sheath between armor and insulation. 199 CHAP. 9, ART. 4 , SECS. 441 , 442. e. Outline lighting must be protected by its own cut-out, and controlled by its own switch ; single pole switches must not be used. Cut-offs, switches, flashers and similar appliances must be of approved types and be installed as required by this chapter for such appliances, and if outside the building, must, with the exception of transformers of weatherproof type, be installed in approved weatherproof cabinets. f. Circuits must be so arranged that not more than 1,320 watts* will be dependent upon one cut-out. g. Sockets and receptacles must be of the keyless porcelain type and wires must be soldered to lugs on same. Miniature receptacles will not be approved for outdoor work. h. For open work, wires must be approved rubber covered, not less than No. 14 B. & S. gauge, and must be rigidly supported on non-combustible, non-absorptive insulators, which separate the wires at least 1 inch from the surface wired over. Rigid supporting requires, under ordinary conditions where wiring over flat surfaces, supports at least every 4 feet. If the wires are liable to be disturbed, the distance between supports should be shortened. In those parts of circuits where wires are connected to approved receptacles which hold them at least 1 inch from surface wired over, and which are placed not over 1 foot apart, such receptacles will be considered to afford the necessary support and spacing of the wires. Between re- ceptacles more than 1 foot, but less than 2 feet, apart an additional non-combustible, non-absorptive insulator maintaining a separation and spacing equivalent to the re- ceptacles must be used. Except as above specified, wires must be kept apart at least 2 inches for voltages up to 300, and 4 inches for higher voltages. i. For metal trough construction, the troughs and other details must comply with the requirements of §583 a to f, hereof. §441. Lighting and power from railway wires. Lighting and power from railway wires will not be permitted, under any pre- tense, in the same circuit with trolley wires with a ground return, except in electric railway cars, electric car houses, powef houses, passenger and freight stations con- nected with the operation of electric railways. §442. Garages. 1. Definition. A garage is that portion of a building in which any automobile carrying volatile inflammable liquid is kept, whether such automobile be kept for use, for sale, for rental, for exhibition or for demonstrating purposes ; and all that portion of a building that is on or below the floor' or floors on which an automobile carrying volatile inflammable liquid is kept and is not separated therefrom by tight unpierced fire walls and floors. 2. Wiring and appliances. a. All conductors except those required for pendant lamps or portable con- nections must be installed in approved metal conduit or approved armored cable, except that approved metal moulding may be used only in offices and show- rooms. Metal conduits, armored cable or metal moulding must be so installed that all / outlet and junction boxes shall be located at least 4 feet above the floor. b. Flexible cord for pendant lights must be approved reinforced cord. c. Flexible cords for portable lamps, motors or other apparatus must be approved cord designed for rough usage. The portable cord must carry the male end of an approved pin plug connector or equivalent, the female end being of such design or so hung that the connector will break apart readily at any position of the cable. The connector must be kept at least 4 feet above the floor. d. Flexible cable for charging must be of approved theatre stage type, this cable 200 ELECTRICAL CONTROL. carrying parts of approved connectors of at least 50 amperes capacity. The con- nectors must be of such design or so hung that at least one will break apart readily at any position of the cable. Current-carrying parts of connectors must be shielded to prevent accidental contact. The fixed, or wall connector, must be kept at least four feet above the floor, and if not located on switchboard or charging panel, must be protected against accidental contact. e. Cut-outs, switches, key sockets and receptacles must be placed at least four feet above the floor, except as provided in paragraph g below. f. All portable lights must be equipped with approved keyless sockets of moulded composition or metal sheathed porcelain types. The sockets must be equipped with handle, hook and substantial guard. g. Switchboards and charging panels, at or upon which are mounted devices which in operation may produce a spark, must be located in a room or enclosure provided for the purpose unless all such spark producing devices are at least four feet above the floor or surrounded by vapor proof enclosures. h. Motors or dynamos, not actually a part of a vehicle, if not located at least 4 feet above the floor, must be of the fully enclosed type. Motors located 4 feet or more above the floor, if not of the fully enclosed type, must be provided with wire screen of not less than No. 14 mesh over openings at commutator end. §443. Electric cranes. All wiring, apparatus, etc., not specifically covered by special rules herein given, must conform to the general requirements of this chapter except that the switch required by §208c of this chapter for each motor may be omitted. a. Wiring. 1. All wires except bare collector wires, those between resistances and contact plates of rheostats, and those subjected to severe external heat, must be approved rubber-covered and not smaller in size than No. 12 B. & S. gauge. Insulation on wires between resistances and contact plates of rheostats must conform to paragraph d hereof, while wires subjected to severe external heat must have approved slow- burning insulation. 2. All wires excepting collector wires and those run in metal conduit or approved flexible cable must be supported by knobs or cleats which separate them at least 1 inch from the surface wired over, but in dry places, where space is limited and the distance between wires as required by §426h of this chapter cannot be obtained, each wire must be separately encased in approved flexible tubing securely fastened in place. Collector wires must be supported by approved insulators so mounted that even with the extreme movement permitted the wires will be separated at all times at least 1^4 inches from the surface wired over. Collector wires must be held at the ends by approved strain insulators. 3. Main collector wires carried along the runways must be rigidly and securely attached to their insulating supports at least every 20 feet, and separated at least 6 inches when run in a horizontal plane; i£ not run in a horizontal plane, they must be separated at least 8 inches. If spans longer than 20 feet are necessary the distance between wires must be increased proportionately, but in no case shall the span exceed 40 feet. 4. Where bridge collector wires are over 80 feet long, insulating supports on which the* wires may loosely lie must be provided at least every 50 feet. Bridge collector wires must be kept at least 2 y 2 inches apart, but a greater spacing should be used whenever it may be obtained. 201 CHAP. 9, ART. 4 , SECS. 444-447. 5. Collector wires must not be smaller in size than specified in the following table for the various spans: Distance between Size wire rigid supports, required feet. B. & S. 0 to 30 6 31 to 60 4 Over 60 2 b. Collectors must be so designed that sparking between them and collector wires will be reduced to a minimum. c. Switches and cut-outs. 1. The main collector wires must be protected by a cut-out and the circuit con- trolled by a switch. Cut-out and switch shall be so located as to be easy of access from the floor. 2. Cranes operated from cabs must have a cut-out and switch connected into the leads from the main collector wires and so located in the cab as to be readily accessible to the operator. 3. Where there is more than one motor on a single crane, each motor lead must be protected by a cut-out located in the cab if there is one. d. Controllers must be installed according to §204 of this chapter, except that if the crane is located out doors the insulation on wires between resistances and contact plates of rheostats must be rubber where the wires are exposed to moisture and insu- lation is necessary and also where they are grouped. If the crane operates over readily combustible material the resistance must be placed in an enclosure made of non- combustible material, thoroughly ventilated and so constructed that it will not permit any flames or molten metal to escape in the event of burning out the resistances. If the resistances are located in the cab, this result may be obtained by constructing the cab of non-combustible material and providing sides which enclose the cab from its floor to a height of at least 6 inches above the top of the resistances. e. The motor frames, the entire frame of the crane and the tracks must be per- manently and effectively grounded. §444. Wires, high potential systems in central stations, substations and trans- former vaults. Special permission in writing may be given for the installation of wires of high potential systems under such restrictions "as the commissioner may prescribe. §445. Transformers, high potential. a. Transformers must be located as near as possible to the point at which the primary wires enter the building. b. Transformers must be placed in an enclosure constructed of fireproof ma- terial. The enclosure shall have no opening to the building except through an approved tight-fitting fire door. It shall be ventilated in some approved manner, be used only to contain the transformers and other high potential regulating devices, and be kept securely locked to prevent access by other than responsible persons. Suit- able oil drains and guard sills shall be provided, as may be required by the com- missioner. c. The transformer case must be permanently and effectually grounded. §447. Wires, extra high potential. a. Primary wires must not be brought into or over buildings, except power sta- tions, sub-stations and transformer vaults. 202 ELECTRICAL CONTROL. b. Secondary wires must be installed under rules' for high-potential systems when their immediate primary wires carry a current at a potential of over 3,500 volts, unless the primary wires are installed in accordance with the requirements of article 3 of this chapter or are entirely underground. Section 548. Fittings, Materials and Details of Construction. Fittings, materials and details of construction. 549. Wires, general. 550. Rubber-covered wire. 551. Flexible cords. 552- Fixture wire. 553. Conduit wire. 554. Armored cable and cord. 555. Slow-burning weather-proof wire. 556. Slow-burning wire. 557. Weather-proof wire. 558. Metal conduits. 559. Outlet, junction and flush switch boxes. 560. Metal moulding. 561. Tubes and bushings. 562. Cleats. 563. Flexible tubing. 564. Knobs. 565. Switches. 566. Circuit breakers. 567. Cut-outs. 568. Fuses. 569. Panel boards. 570. Cabinets and cut-out boxes. 57.1. Rosettes. 572. Sockets, including lamp receptacles. 573. 574. Arc lamps. 575. 576. Insulating joints. 577. Fixtures. 578. Rheostats, resistance boxes and equalizers. 579. Au4o-starters. 580. Reactive coils and condensers. 581. Transformers, low potential. 582. Lightning arresters. 583. Electric signs (for low potential systems only). 584. §548. Fittings, materials and details of construction. The requirements and provisions of this article prescribe the general character- istics and classifications of fittings, materials and details of construction. Specifications for performance of fittings and materials, both under test and in service, shall be as prescribed from time to time by the commissioner. All fittings, materials and details of construction must be approved by the commissioner before being placed in service. §549. Wires, general. a. Wires, cables and cords of all kinds designed to meet the following specifica- tions must have a distinctive marking the entire length of the coil so that they may be readily identified in the field. They must also be plainly tagged or marked as follows : 203 CHAP. 9, ART. 5 , SEC . 550. Wires described under §557 need not have the distinctive markings but are to be tagged. 1. The maximum working pressure or voltage for which the wire was tested or approved. This may be omitted for the wires described under §§555, 556 and 557 of this chapter. 2. The words “National Electrical Code Standard.” „ 3. Name of the manufacturing company and, if desired, trade name of the wire. 4. Month and year when manufactured. 5. The proper type letter for the particular style of wire or cable as given in the following schedule for each type of insulation. RS — Rubber coated single braided for voltage 0-600 RS-15 — Rubber covered single braided for maximum voltage 1500 RS-25 — Rubber covered single braided for maximum voltage 2500 RS-35 — Rubber covered single braided for maximum voltage 3500 RS-50 — Rubber covered single braided for maximum voltage 5000 RS-70 — Rubber covered single braided for maximum voltage 7000 RD,RD15 — Rubber covered double braided, etc. RSL — Rubber covered, single braided, leaded. RDL — Rubber covered, double braided, leaded. AC — Wires for use in armored cable. ACL — Leaded wires for use in armored cable. b. Conductors or the strands of conductors must not vary in either diameter or in conductivity more than an approved per cent, from the standards adopted by the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. §550. Rubber=covered wire. a. Conductors. No individual conductor, whether solid or stranded, shall be less than No. 14 B. & S. gauge in nominal size. All conductors and the individual wires of stranded conductors shall be tinned. b. Insulation. Conductors shall be insulated for their entire length with a properly applied and properly vulcanized rubber compound. The insulation must be of the nominal thickness given in the following table, the requirements of which vary according to the sizes of conductors and the maximum working pressure : Table of thickness of Rubber Insulation for Rubber-Covered Wires and Cables in 64th Inches. Type Letters. RS. RS-15. RS-25. RS-35. RS-50. RS-70. Size of Conductor. For Working Pressures Not Over 600 1500 2500 3500 5000 7000 Volts. Volts. Volts. Volts. Volts. Volts. American or B. & S. gauge — 14 to 8 3 4 6 8 12 16 7 to 2 4 5 6 8 12 16 1 to 0000 C. M 5 6 7 8 12 16 225.000 to 500,000 6 7 8 9 12 16 525.000 to 1,000,000 7 8 9 10 12 16 Over 1,000,000 8 9 10 11 14 18 204 ELECTRICAL CONTROL. c. Coverings. All single conductor rubber-insulated wires and cables must have a covering of fibrous material applied directly to the surface of the insulating wall. For any single conductor wire there shall be at least 1 braid for sizes from No. 14 to and including No. 8. For all single conductor cables larger than No. 8 there must be at least 2 braids or a tape and a braid. For twin wires and twisted pair wires and for all multiple conductor cables there shall be a fibrous covering on each individual wire and in addition a braid enclosing the bunched conductors. For certain special service conditions, 1 or more additional coverings of fibrous material or of lead are required. Fibrous coverings may be either braid or tape, but tape shall not be used for the outer covering. All braids must be impregnated with a moisture-proof compound. Lead coverings may be applied to single or multiple conductors. Lead covered multiple conductor cable with more than 2 conductors must, in all cases, have the conductors spirally laid. In all cases the individual conductors in lead covered cable must have a fibrous covering and, except for 2 conductor cables, with conductors parallel, there must be a fibrous covering over bunched conductors. The thickness of lead covering shall, in all cases, be that specified for cables for the various sizes and forms. §551. Flexible cords — for pendant lamps and for portable use, including ele- vator lighting and control cables, and theatre stage and border=Iight cables. a. These cords and cables must comply with the requirements of §549 a and b of this chapter. b. Conductors. Each conductor must have a carrying capacity not less than that of a No. 18 B. & S. gauge wire and be built up from wires of approved sizes. c. Insulation. The insulation must consist of properly applied and properly vulcanized rubber compound complying with approved physical and chemical tests. The insulation must be of the nominal thickness given in the following table: Thickness Inches B. & S. gauge, 18 and 16 1/32 B. & S. gauge, 14 to 8 3/64 For exception see Type PS below (§551 f, of this chapter), d. Coverings. Each conductor must be covered with a tight, close wind of fine cotton or some other method must be employed to prevent a broken strand puncturing the insulation. Cords of the several types must comply with the specifications of the following table with respect to their outer protective coverings, and the special rules indicated in the last column of the table. 205 CHAP. 9, ART. 5 , SEC. 552. Use ! Type Trade Name Braid on Each Conductor 1 ! Reinforcement or Filler Outer Cover For ' Addi- tional Rules See Pendants Dry Places C Lamp Cord Glazed Cotton or Silk § 551e Pendants Damp Places CB CC Brewery Cord Canvasite Cord Cotton Wp. Cotton Wp. Cotton Wp. § 551e § 551e Portable Dry Places P PO PS CA PA Reinforced Cord Parallel Cord Special Reinf. Cord Armored Cord Armored Reinf. Cord Cotton Cotton Cotton Cotton Cotton Rubber Jacket Rubber Jacket Rubber Jacket Glazed Cot. or Silk Glazed Cot. or Silk Glazed Cot. or Silk Armor Glazed Cotton and Armor § 55 If § SSlf Portable Damp Places PWp PkWp PAWp Reinforced Cord Wp. Packinghouse Cord Armored Reinf. Cord Wp. Cotton Cotton Cotton Rubber Jacket Filler Rubber Jacket Cotton Wp. 2 Cotton, both Wp. Cotton Wp. and Armor § 551g TheatreStages T Stage Cable Cotton Wp. Filler 2 Cotton, bothWp. § 551g&h Theatre Borders B Border Light Cable Cotton Wp. 2 Cotton, both Wp. § 551g&i Elevator Lighting and Control E Elevator Cable Catton Rubber Jacket and or 1 or more Cotton, both Wp. 3 Cotton, outer one Wp. 5 551g&j e. (Types C, CB and CC.) In these classes are included flexible cords which under usual conditions hang freely in air. f. (Types PO and PS.) These cords are for use only in offices, dwellings or similar places where not liable to rough usage. For Type PO the conductors may be either laid parallel or twisted together. Type PS cord may be made only with conductors of No. 18 or No. 16 B. & S. gauge and may have insulation only 1/64 inch in thickness. g. In the outer cover tape may be substituted for an inner braid. h. (Type T.) Shall consist of not more than 3 conductors, each not exceed- ing No. 4 B. & S. gauge, twisted together and with a filler. The insulation on each conductor of No. 6 to No. 4 B. & S. gauge shall be 1/16 inch in thickness. i. (Type B.) The conductors must be cabled. j. (Type E.) Conductors for elevator lighting cables shall not be smaller than No. 14 and for elevator control cables not smaller than No. 16 B. & S. gauge. k. For portable heating apparatus (Type H.) : This cord is for use with all smoothing and sad irons and with other heating devices requiring over 250 watts. l. Must comply with the requirements of §549 a, b and §551b of this chapter. 2. The covering may consist of a layer of rubber or other approved material at least 1/64 inch thick (the rubber is not subject to the tests specified for other rub- ber compounds), a braided covering of asbestos 1/32 inch thick and of approved quality, an outer braid 1/64 inch thick enclosing either all the conductors as a whole or each conductor separately. 3. Other types of covering must be submitted for special examination and ap- proval before being used. §552. Fixture wire. a. Fixtures may be wired with approved flexible cord or approved rubber-covered wire. 206 ELECTRICAL CONTROL. In wiring certain fixtures (see §§430d and 435d of this chapter) conductors having approved slow-burning or other heat-resisting coverings must be used. b. Other wires for use in fixtures (Types F-64 and F-32) must comply with the requirements of §549 a and b of this chapter, and with the requirements of para- graphs c to e inclusive of this section. c. Conductors. May be either solid or stranded in an approved manner and must not be smaller than No. 18 B. & S. gauge. If stranded conductor is used each conductor must be covered with a tight close wind of fine cotton or some other method must be used to prevent a broken strand puncturing the insulation. Solid conductors must be tinned. d. Insulation. The insulation must consist of properly applied and properly vulcanized rubber compound complying with approved physical and chemical tests. The thickness of insulation shall not be less than 1/64 inch for No. 18 B. & S. gauge wire and not less than 1/32 inch for No. 16 B. & S. gauge. e. Coverings. Must be a braid which if of cotton must be at least 1/64 inch in thickness. §553. Conduit wire. For conduit work wires of either types RS (No. 14 to No. 8, inch), RD, RSL or RDL must be used. §554. Armored cable and cord. a. The armored cable or cord must comply with approved tests for flexibility and for resistance to withdrawal of the conductors from the armor. The armor must comply with approved tests for weight, tensile strength and elongation. b. Strips if used in forming the armor must be of approved thickness and if of steel must be protected against corrosion in an approved manner. c. The conductors must comply with the requirements for rubber-covered wires or cords of the specified types and construction. d. The cable or cord must have a distinctive marker its entire length. §555. Slow=burning weather=proof wire. a. The insulation must consist of 2 coatings, 1 to be fireproof and the other weather-proof. The fireproof coating must be on the outside and must comprise about 6/10 of the total thickness of the wall. The thickness of the completed covering shall be not less than that specified for the rubber insulation of 0-600 volt rubber-covered wires. (See §550b of this chapter.) b. Must comply with the requirements of §549 a and b of this chapter. §556. Slow=burning wire. a. The insulation must consist of 3 braids of cotton or other thread, all the interstices of which must be filled with the fireproofing compound or with material having equivalent fire resisting and insulating properties. The outer braid must be specially designed to withstand abrasion, and its surface must be finished smooth and hard. The thickness of the completed covering shall be not less than that specified for the rubber insulation of 0-600 volt rubber-covered wires. (See §550b of this chapter.) b. Must comply with requirements of §549 a and b of this chapter. c. Slow-burning wires especially designed and approved for use in fixtures (see §552 of this chapter) need not necessarily comply with the requirements of paragraphs a and b of this section. 207 CHAP. 9, ART. 5 , SECS. 557 , 558. §557. Weatherproof wire. a. The insulating covering shall consist of at least 3 braids, all of which must be thoroughly saturated with a dense moisture-proof compound. The thickness of the completed covering shall be not less than that specified for the rubber insulation of 0.600 volt rubber-covered wires. (See §550b of this chapter.) b. Must comply with requirements of §549 a and b of this chapter. §558. Metal conduits. 1. Rigid conduit. a. Each length of conduit must have the maker’s name or initials stamped in the metal or attached thereto in a satisfactory manner, so that inspectors can readily see the name. b. The tube used in the manufacture of the conduit must be of mild steel; and must be of sufficiently true, circular section to admit of cutting true, clean threads; it must be very closely the same in wall thickness at all points. Welds must be thor- oughly well made. c. The tube must be thoroughly cleaned to remove all scale and rust from both inside and the outside surfaces by some process, mechanical or otherwise, which will permit the protecting coating to take a smooth finish and which will not reduce the weight of the tube sufficiently to cause the finished conduit to weigh less than is given in §558i of this chapter. d. All surfaces of the tube must be protected against corrosion by an approved method. e. Elbows, bends and similar fittings must be made of full-weight material, such as is specified for the conduit proper, and must be treated, coated, threaded, etc., in every way corresponding to the specifications for conduit so far as they apply. f. Threads upon conduits, couplings, elbows and bends must be full and clean cut. Their pitch and form must conform to the Briggs' standard for pipe threads. The taper of threads on conduit must not exceed three-quarter inches per foot. The perfect thread must be tapered for its entire length. Couplings must be tapped straight. If threads are cut after the protecting coatings are applied they must be treated to prevent corrosion taking place before the conduit is actually installed. g. The finished conduit as shipped must be in 10-foot lengths, with each end reamed and threaded. For each length at least 1 coupling must be furnished. The finished conduit with coupling must not weigh less than is given in the following table. All finished conduit must be inspected visually, both inside and out, for poor coatings, hard scale or other similar defects. It must have an approved interior coat- ing of a character and appearance which will readily distinguish it from ordinary commercial pipe commonly used for other than electrical purposes. Electrical Trade Size. Minimum Weight of Ten (10) Foot Lengths of Finished Conduit with Couplings. Inches. 1/4.. 3/8.. 1 / 2 .. 3/4.. 1 1/4 Pounds. 38.5 51.5 79.0 105 153 201 208 ELECTRICAL CONTROL . Electrical Trade Size. Minimum Weight of Ten (10) Foot Lengths of Finished Conduit with Couplings. Inches. Pounds. 1 1/2 249 2 334 2 1/2 527 3 690 3 1/2 831 4 982 4 1/2 1150 5 1344 6 1770 2. Flexible conduit. h. Must be so flexible that the conduit may be bent in a curve, the inner edge of which has a radius equal to that specified in the following table, without opening up the tube at any point: Electrical Trade Size, Inches. Internal Diameter, Inches. Thickness of Strip, Inches. Weight in Pounds Per 100 feet. A Radius of Curvatures, Inches. Single Strip. \i Double Strip. 5/16 5/16 .025 17 3/4 20 1/2 2 1/4 3/8 3/8 .034 29 33 1/2 2 1/2 1/2 5/8 .040 54 62 3 1/2 3/4 13/16 .040 68 78 1/2 4 1/2 1 1 .055 108 129 1/2 5 1 1/4 1 1/4 .055 132 158 5 1/2 2 1/2 2 1/2 .060 171 205 6 2 2 .060 224 269 8 2 1/2 2 1/2 .060 277 332 10 1/2 i. Must be of such design that after a 3-foot sample has been subjected to a tension of 200 lbs. for 1 minute the conduit will not be opened up at any point. j. For steel conduits the internal diameter, the thickness of the strip and the weight of the finished conduit must not be less than the values given in the following table. For flexible conduit of other than the strip type an equivalent construction must be provided. k. If of steel, the metal must be thoroughly galvanized or coated with an approved rust preventive. Interior surfaces of the conduit must be free from burrs or sharp edges which might cause abrasion of the wire coverings. l. Must have a, distinctive marking its entire length so that the flexible conduit may be readily identified in the field. Coils must also be plainly tagged or marked with the name or trade mark of the manufacturing company. §559. Outlet, junction and flush switch boxes. a. Boxes must be of pressed steel having wall thickness of not less than .078 inch (No. 14 U. S. metal gauge), or of cast metal having wall thickness not less than ^ 209 CHAP. 9, ART. 5, SEC. 560. inch. Junction boxes of larger sizes must comply with requirements of §570 of this chapter, but must be in all cases of metal. b. Boxes must be well galvanized, enameled or otherwise properly coated, inside and out, to prevent oxidation. c. Boxes must be so made that all openings not in use will be effectively closed by metal which will afford protection substantially equivalent to the walls of the box. Fittings which are designed for bringing conductors other than flexible cords from metal conduits to exposed wiring must be provided with non-absorptive, non- combustible insulating bushings which must separately insulate each conductor. For flexible cords, such fittings, including covers of outlet boxes, must either be provided with approved bushings or have smooth, well-rounded surfaces for the cord to bear upon. d. Boxes must be plainly marked, where the marking may readily be seen when installed, with the name or trade mark of the manufacturer. e. Boxes must, in case of combination gas and electric outlets, be so arranged that connection with gas pipe at outlet may be made by means of an approved device. Fixture studs, where not a part of the box, must be made of malleable iron or other approved material. Boxes must be arranged to secure in position the conduit or flexible tubing protecting the wire. f. Switch and outlet boxes must be so arranged that they can be securely fastened in place independently of the support afforded by the conduit piping, except that when entirely exposed, approved boxes, which are threaded so as to be firmly supported by screwing on to the conduit, may be used. g. Switch and receptacle boxes must completely enclose the switch or receptacle on sides and back, and must provide a thoroughly substantial support for it. The retaining screws for the box must not be used to secure the switch in position. Boxes for floor outlets shall be designed to completely enclose the receptacle and attachment plugs, if any, to protect them from mechanical injury and to exclude moisture. h. Covers for outlet boxes, if made of metal, must be equal in thickness to that specified for the walls of the box, or must be of metal, lined with an insulating material not less than 1-32 inch in thickness, firmly and permanently secured to the metal. Covers may also be made of porcelain or other approved material, provided they are of such form and thickness as to afford suitable protection and strength. §560. Metal moulding. a. b. The installation of wooden moulding is prohibited. c. Each length of metal moulding must have maker’s name or trade mark stamped in the metal, or in some manner permanently attached thereto, in order that it may be readily identified in the field. d. Metal moulding must be constructed of iron or steel with backing at least .050 inch in thickness, and with capping not less than .040 inch in thickness, and so con- structed that when in place the raceway will be entirely closed; must be thoroughly galvanized or coated with an approved rust preventative, both inside and out, to pre- vent oxidation. e. Elbows, couplings and all other similar fittings must be constructed of at least the same thickness and quality of metal as the moulding itself, and so designed that they will both electrically and mechanically secure the different sections together and maintain the continuity of the raceway. The interior surfaces must be free from burrs or sharp corners which might cause abrasion of the wire coverings. f. Metal moulding must at all outlets be so arranged that the conductors cannot come in contact with the edges of the metal, either of capping or backing. Specially 210 ELECTRICAL CONTROL. designed fittings which will interpose substantial barriers between conductors and the edges of metal are recommended. g. When backing is secured in position by screws or bolts from the inside of the raceway, depressions must be provided to render the heads of the fastenings flush with the moulding. h. Metal mouldings must be used for exposed work only and must be so con- structed as to form an open raceway to be closed by the capping or cover after the wires are laid in. §561. Tubes and bushings. a. Tubes and bushings must be made straight and free from checks or rough projections, with ends smooth and rounded to facilitate the drawing in of the wire and prevent abrasion of its covering. b. Tubes and bushings must be made of approved non-combustible, non-absorp- tive insulating material. §562. Cleats. a. Cleats must hold the wire firmly in place without injury to its covering. b. Bearing points on the surface of cleats must be made by ridges or rings about the holes for supporting screws, in order to avoid cracking and breaking when screwed tight. c. Cleats must be made of approved non-combustible, non-absorptive insulating material. e. Cleats must conform to the spacings given in the following table : Voltage, 0-300. Distance from wire to- surface, inch. Distance between wires, 2^/2 inches. §563. Flexible tubing. a. Flexible .tubing must have a sufficiently smooth interior surface to allow the ready introduction of the wire. b. Flexible tubing must be constructed of or treated with materials which will serve as moisture repellents. c. The tube must be so designed that it will withstand all the abrasion likely to be met with in practice. d. The linings, if any, must not be removable in lengths of over 3 feet. Flexible tubing must not close to prevent the insertion of the wire after the tube has been kinked or flattened and straightened out. f. Flexible tubing must have a distinctive marking the entire length of the tube, so that the tubing may be readily identified in the field. §564. Knobs. a. Split knobs must be constructed in 2 parts, a base and a cap, arranged to hold the wire firmly in place without injury to its covering. Sharp edges must be avoided. Solid knobs must be constructed with smooth groove, to contain wire. b. Bearing points on the surface of knobs must be made by a ring or by ridges on the outside edge of the base, to provide for stability. At least 54 inch surface separation must be maintained between the supporting screw or nail and the con- ductor, and the knob must be so constructed that the supporting screw or nail cannot come in contact with the conductor. For wires larger than No. 4 B. & S. gauge, split knobs (or single wire cleats) must be so constructed as to require the use of 2 supporting screws. c. Knobs must be made of approved non-combustible, non-absorptive insulating material. e. Knobs must be so constructed as to separate the wire at least 1 inch from the surface wired over. 211 CHAP. 9, ART. 5, SEC. 565. §565. Switches. 1. General Rules. a. Switches must, when used for service switches, indicate, on inspection, whether the current be “on” or “off.” b. 2. Knife switches. c. Knife switches must be mounted on non-combustible, non-absorptive insu- lating bases. Other materials than slate, marble or porcelain must be submitted for special examination before being used. Bases with an area of over 25 square inches must have at least 4 supporting screws. Holes for the supporting screws must be so located or countersunk that there will be at least y 2 inch space measured over the surface, between the head of the screw or washer and the nearest live metal part, and in all cases when between parts of opposite polarity must be countersunk. d. Pieces carrying the contact jaws and hinge clips must be secured to the base by at least 2 screws, or else made with a square shoulder, or provided with dowel pins, to prevent possible turning, and the nuts or screw-heads on the under side of the base must be countersunk not less than % inch and covered with a waterproof compound which will not melt below 150 degrees Fahrenheit (65 degrees Centigrade). e. Hinges of knife switches must not be used to carry current unless they are equipped with spring washers, held by lock-nuts or pins, or their equivalent, so arranged that a firm and secure connection will be maintained at all positions of the switch blades. f. All switches must have ample metal for stiffness and to prevent lise in tem- perature of any part of over 50 degrees Fahrenheit (28 degrees Centigrade) at full load, the contacts being arranged so that a thoroughly good bearing at every point is obtained with contact surfaces advised for pure copper blades of about 1 square inch for each 75 amperes; the whole device must be mechanically well made through- out. g. All cross-bars less than 3 inches in length must be made of insulating material. Bars of 3 inches and over, which are made of metal to insure greater mechanical strength, must be sufficiently separated from the jaws of the switch to prevent arcs following from the contacts to the bar on the opening of the switch under any cir- cumstances. Metal bars should preferably be covered with insulating material. To prevent possible turning or twisting the cross-bar must be secured to each blade by 2 screws, or the joints made with square shoulders or provided with dowel-pins. h. Switches for currents of over 30 amperes must be equipped with lugs, firmly screwed or bolted to the switch, and into which the conducting wires shall be soldered. For switches designed for currents of 30 amperes or less, heavy clamps or screw and washer connections with upturned lugs may be used. i. Knife switches must operate successfully at 50 per cent, overload in amperes and at rated voltage, under the most severe conditions with which they are liable to meet in practice. j. Knife switches must be plainly marked where the marking can be read when the switch is installed, with the name of the maker and the current and the voltage for which the switch is designed. Switches designed for 250 volts D. C. or 500 volts A. C. circuits, without fuses on the switch base, must be marked 250 V., D. C., 500 V., A. C. When 250-volt fuse terminals are mounted on the switch base, the marking of the switch must be 250 V., D. C. and A. C. When 600-volt fuse terminals are mounted on the switch base, tbe terminals must be spaced for 600-volt fuses and the switches marked 500 V., A. C. Triple pole switches designed with 125-volt spacings, between adjacent blades, must be marked 125 volts, and may be used on 3-wire D. C. or single phase systems having not more than 125 volts between adjacent wires and not more 212 ELECTRICAL CONTROL. than 250 volts between the two outside wires. When designed with 250-volt spacings between adjacent blades triple pole switches must be marked 250 volts and may be used on 3-wire D. C. or single phase systems having not more than 250 volts between adjacent wires and not more than 500 volts between the two outside wires. k. Spacings and dimensions must be at least as great as those given in the following tables : Minimum Width and thickness. separation of < A \ nearest metal Minimum Clips parts of break Blades. and hinges opposite distance. polarity. in. in. in. in. Table 1. For switchboards and panel boards ; not over 125 volts D. C. and A. C. : 30 amp 1/2x6/64 1/2x3/64 1 3/4 60 amp 11/4 1 Table 2. For individual switches ; not over 125 volts D. C. and A. C. A 300- ampere switch with the spacings of the 200-ampere switch may be used on switch- boards : 30 amp 1/2x5/64 1/2x3/64 1 1/4 1 60 and 100 amp 11/2 11/4 200 amp 2 1/4 2 400 and 600 amp 2 3/4 2 1/2 800 and 1000 amp 3 2 3/4 Table 3. For all switches ; 250 volts only D. C. and A. C. : 30 amp 1/2x5/64 1/2x3/64 1 3/4 1 3/4 Table 4. For all switches; not over 250 volts D. C., nor 500 volts A. C. A, 300- ampere switch with the spacings of the 200-ampere switch may be used on switch- boards. Cut-out terminals on switches for over 250 volts must be designed and spaced for 600-volt fuses. 30 amp 5/8xl/8 5/8x1/16 2 1/4 2 60 and 100 amp 2 1/4 2 200 amp 2 1/2 2 1/4 400 and 600 amp 2 3/4 2 1/2 800 and 1000 amp 3 2 3/4 Table 5. For all switches; not over 600 volts D. C. and A. C. : 30 amp 5/8xl/8 5/8x1/16 4 3 1/2 60 amp 4 3 1/2 100 amp 4 1/2 4 Where barriers of approved design and made of suitable non-absorptive, non- combustile, insulating material or of impregnated hard wood are placed between parts of opposite polarity, the minimum separation of these parts on switches described in Table 5 may be that given in Table 4. Auxiliary contacts of either a readily renewable or a quick-break type or the equivalent are recommended for D. C. switches, designed for over 250 volts, and must be provided on D. C. switches designed for use in breaking currents greater than 100 amperes at a voltage of over 250. For 3-wire direct current and 3-wire single phase systems the separation and break distances for plain 3-pole knife switches must not be less than those required in the above table for switches designed for the voltage between neutral and outside wires. 213 CHAP. 9, ART. 5, SEC. 566. 3. Snap switches. l. Current-carrying parts must be mounted on non-combustile, non-absorptive, insulating bases, such as slate or porcelain, and the holes for supporting screws should be countersunk not less than % inch. There must in no case be less than 3-64 inch space between supporting screws and current-carrying parts. Sub-bases must be so designed as to separate the wires at least y 2 inch from the surface wired over. They must be of a non-combustible, non-absorptive insulating material. m. Pieces carrying contact jaws must be secured to the base by at least 2 screws, or else made with a square shoulder, or provided with dowel-pins or otherwise arranged, to prevent possible turnings ; and the nuts or screw heads on the under side of the base must be countersunk not less than % inch and covered with a waterproof compound which will not melt below 150 degrees Fahrenheit (65 degrees Centigrade) n. o. p. Binding posts must be substantially made, and the screws must be of such size that the threads will not strip when set up tight. Switches with the set-screw form of contact will not be approved. q. Covers made of conducting material, except face plates for flush switches, must be lined on sides and top with insulating, tough and tenacious material at least 1-32 inch in., thickness, firmly secured so that it will not fall out with ordinary hand- ling. The side lining must extend slightly beyond the lower edge of the cover. r. The handle or button or any exposed parts must not be in electrical connec- tion with the circuit. s. Snap switches must “make” and “break” with a quick snap, and must not stop when motion has once been imparted by the button or handle. t. Snap switches must be plainly marked, where the marking may be readily seen, with the name or trade-mark of the maker and the current and voltage for which the switch is designed. On flush switches these markings may be placed on the sub- plate On surface switches with covers constructed of porcelain or other moulded insulating material the markings may be on the inside of the cover. On all other types they must be placed on the front of the cap, cover or plate. §566. Circuit breakers. 1. Generally. Circuit breakers for operation on circuits of 550 volts or less must be made to comply with the following specifications, except in those few cases where peculiar design allows the breaker to fulfill the general requirements in some other way, and where it can successfully withstand the prescribed tests. In such cases the breakers should be submitted for special examination and approval before being used. 2. Details of construction. a. Circuit breakers must be mounted on non-combustible, non-absorptive, insu- lating bases, such as slate or marble. Bases with an area of over 25 square inches must have at least 4 supporting screws. Holes for the supporting screws must be so located or countersunk that there will be at least y 2 inch space measured over the surface between the head of the screw or washer and the nearest live metal part, and in cases when between parts of opposite polarity must be countersunk. ' b. Pieces carrying contact parts must be secured to the base by at least 2 screws, or else made with a square shoulder, dowel pin, or equivalent device, to prevent pos- sible turning, and the nuts or screw heads on the under side of the base of front- connected breakers must be countersunk not less than y$ inch, and covered with a waterproof compound which will not melt below 150 degrees Fahrenheit (65 degrees 214 ELECTRICAL CONTROL. Centigrade). All breakers must be provided with easily accessible means of tripping them by hand without injury to the operator. c. d. e. f. g. Metal work of automatic overload circuit breakers must be substantial in construction and must have ample metal for stiffness. The contact parts shall be arranged so that thoroughly good bearings are obtained; the entire device must be mechanically well made throughout. h. Must be plainly marked, where it will be visible when installed, with the name of the maker and the current and voltage for which the device is designed. §567. Cut=outs. 1. General rules. a. Cut-outs must be supported on bases of non-combustible, non-absorptive, insu- lating material. b. The design of the base must be such that, considering the material used, the base will withstand the most severe conditions liable to be met in practice. c. Bases with an area of over 25 square inches must have at least 4 sup- porting screws. Holes for supporting screws must be so located or countersunk that there will be at least y 2 inch space, measured over the surface, between the screw-head or washer and the nearest live metal' part, and in all cases where between parts of opposite polarity must be countersunk. d. Nuts or screw-heads on the under side of the base must be countersunk not less than % inch, and covered with a waterproof compound which will not melt below 150 degrees Fahrenheit (65 degrees Centigrade). e. Cut-outs must be marked, where the markings will be plainly visible when installed, with the name of the maker, and current and voltage for which the device is designed. 2. Link fuse cut-outs. f. Spacings must be at least as great as those given in the following table, which applies only to plain, open-link fuses mounted on slate or marble bases. The spaces given are correct for fuse blocks to be used on direct current systems, and can there- fore be safely followed in devices designed for alternating currents. If the copper fuse-tips overhang the edges of the fuse-block terminals, the spacing should be measured between the nearest edges of the tips : Minimum separation of nearest metal parts of Minimum opposite polarity, break-distance. Not Over 125 volts : 10 amperes or less 11-100 amperes 1 3/4 inch inch 3/4 inch 3/4 inch Not Over 125 volts : 101-300 amperes 1 inch 1 inch 301-1000 amperes 1 1/4 inch 1 1/4 inch Not Over 250 volts : 10 amperes or less 1 1/2 inch 1 1/4 inch 11-100 amperes 1 3/4 inch 1 1/4 inch 101-300 amperes 2 inch 1 1/2 inch 301-1000 amperes 2 1/2 inch 2 inch 215 CHAP. 9 , ART. 5, SEC. 568. A space must be maintained between fuse terminals of the same polarity of at least inch for voltage up tot 125 and of at least 94 inch for voltages from 126 to 250. This is the minimum distance allowable, and greater separation should be provided when practicable. For three-wire systems cut-outs must have the break- distance required for circuits of the potential of the outside wires, except that in 125-250 systems with grounded neutral the cut-outs in two-wire, 125 volt branch circuits may have the spacings specified for not over 125 volts. g. All fuse-block terminals must have ample metal for stiffness and to prevent rise in temperature of any part of over 50 degrees Fahrenheit (28 degrees Centigrade) at full load. Terminals, as far as practicable, should be made of compact form instead of being rolled out in thin strips; and sharp edges of thin projecting pieces, as on wing thumb nuts and the like, should be avoided. Thin metal, sharp edges and projecting pieces are much more likely to cause an arc to start than a more solid mass of metal. It is a good plan to round all corners of the terminals and to chamfer the edges. 3. Enclosed-fuse cut-outs — plug and cartridge type. h. Enclosed fuse cut-outs must be classified as regards both current and voltage as given in the following table, and must be so designed that the bases of 1 class cannot be used with fuses of another class rated for a higher current or voltage : Standard plug or cartridge cut-outs. Not Over 250 Volts. Not Over 600 Volts. 0- 30 amperes. 0- 30 amperes. 31- 60 31- 60 61-100 61-100 101-200 101-200 201-400 201-400 401-600 Sealable service and meter cut-outs. Not Over 250 Volts. Not Over 600 Volts. 0- 30 amperes. 31- 60 61-100 101-200 0- 30 amperes. 31- 60 61-100 101-200 4. Exceptions. The foregoing requirements of this section shall not apply to rosettes, attachment plugs, car-lighting cut-outs and protective devices for signaling systems. §568. Fuses. 1. Link fuses. a. Terminals must have contact surfaces or tips of harder metal, having perfect electrical connections with the fusible part of the strip. b. Link-fuses must be stamped with about 80 per cent, of the maximum current which they can carry indefinitely, thus allowing about 25 per cent, overload before the fuse melts. c. Fuse terminals must be stamped with the maker’s name or initials, or with some known trade-mark. 216 ELECTRICAL CONTROL. 2. Enclosed fuses — plug and cartridge type ; except for rosettes, attachment plugs, car-lighting cut-outs and protective devices for signal systems. d. The fuse casing must be sufficiently dust-tight so that lint and dust cannot collect around the fusible wire and become ignited when the fuse is blown. e. Enclosed fuses must be classified to correspond with the different classes of cut-out blocks, and must be so designed that it will be impossible to put any fuse of a given class into a cut-out block which is designed for a current or voltage lower than that of the class to which the fuse belongs. f. The fuse terminals must be sufficiently heavy to insure mechanical strength and rigidity. The styles of terminals, except for use in sealable service and meter cut-outs, must be as follows : Not over 250 volts — f A. Cartridge fuse (ferrule contact). J B. Approved plug or cartridge fuses in approved casings for Edison* 0-30 amps. ^ plug cut-outs not exceeding 125 volts, but including any circuit of a 3-wire 125-250 volt system, with grounded neutral. 61-100 “ ] 101-200 “ [ 201-400 “ f Cartridge fuse (knife blade contact). 401-600 “ j Not over 600 volts — 0-30 amps. ] 31-60 “ ^ Cartridge fuse (ferrule contact). 61-100 “ ] 101-200 “ Cartridge fuse (knife blade contact). 201-400 “ J 3. Exceptions. The requirements of subdivision 2 of this section shall not apply to fuses for rosettes, attachment plugs, car-lighting cut-outs and protective devices for signaling systems. g. Cartridge enclosed fuses and corresponding cut-out blocks, except for sealable service and meter cut-outs, must conform to the dimensions given in the following table : Table of Dimensions of the National Electrical Code Standard Cartridge Enclosed Fuse. Form 1. Cartridge fuse — ferrule contact. Form 2. Cartridge fuse — knife blade contact. 217 CHAP. 9, ART. 5, SEC. 569. Voltage Rated Capac- ity, Am- peres A. Length Over Terminals, Inches B. Dis- tance Be- tween Con- tact Clips, Inches C. Width of Con- tact Clips, Inches D. Diameter of Ferrules or Thick- ness of Terminal Blades, Inches E. Minimum Lengthof Ferrules or of Terminal Blades, Outside of Tube, Inches F. Diam- eter of Tube, Inches G. Width of Terminal Blades, Inches Rated Capacity, Amperes Not over 250. 0-30 Form 1, 2 1 % 34 34 Form 1, 0-30 31-60 Form 1, 3 1 % 54 % 34 34 Form 1, 31-60 61-100 Form 2, 5 34 4 34 34 1 l “34 Form 2, 61-100 101-200 Form 2, 734 4 34 l 34 % 134 134 134 Form 2, 101-200 201-400 Form 2, 8 54 5 l 34 34 134 2 154 Form 2, 201-400 401-600 Form 2, 1094 6 234 % 2 34 234 2 Form 2, 401-600 Not over 600. 0-30 Form 1, 5 4 % % 34 34 Form 1, 0-30 31-60 Form 1, 5 % 4 34 54 1 36 54 l Form 1, 31-60 61-100 Form 2, 7 % 6 34 34 134 “34 Form 2, 61-100 101-200 Form 2, 9 % 7 1 % % 154 1 34 134 Form 2, 101-200 201-400 Form 2, 1 1 54 8 1 % % 134 234 1 54 Form 2,201-400 h. i. Enclosed fuses must be marked where the marking will be plainly visible, with the name or trade-mark of the maker, the voltage and current for which the fuse is designed, and the words “National Electrical Code Standard.” Each fuse must have a label, the color of which must be green for 250-volt fuses and red for 600-volt fuses. j. k. Enclosed fuses must not hold an arc or throw out melted metal or sufficient flame to ignite easily inflammable material on or near the cut-out when only one fuse is blown at a time on a short circuit on a system of the voltage for which the fuse is rated. §569. Panel boards. a. The specifications for construction of switches and cut-outs (see §565 and §567 of this chapter) must be followed as far as they apply. In the relative arrangement of fuses and switches, the fuses may be placed between the bus-bars and the switches, or between the switches and the circuits, except in the case of service switches, when §423a- of this chapter must be complied with. When the branch switches are between the fuses and bus-bars, the connections must be so arranged that the blades will be dead when the switchs are open. When there are exposed live metal parts on the back of a board, or where the board will be subject to moisture, a space of at least 1-2 inch must be provided between such live metal parts and the cabinet in which the board is mounted. b. The following minimum distance between bare live metal parts (bus-bars, etc.) must be maintained: Between parts of opposite polarity except at switches and link fuses. ■ A Between parts of same Polarity at link fuses. When mounted on the same surface. When held free In air. Not over 125 volts . 3/4 inch 1/2 inch 1/2 inch Not over 250 volts 1 1/4 inch 3/4 inch 3/4 inch Not over 600 volts 2 inch 1 3/4 inch At switches or enclosed fuses parts of the same polarity may be placed as close together as convenience in handling will allow. 218 ELECTRICAL CONTROL. The spacings given in the first column apply to the branch conductors where en- closed fuses are used. Where link fuses or knife switches are used, the spacings must be at least as great as those required by §§565 and 567 of this chapter. The spacings given in the second column apply to the distance between the raised main bars and between these bars and the branch bars over which they pass. Panel boards of special design in which the insulation and separation between bus bars and between other current carrying parts is secured by means of barriers or insulating materials instead of by the spacings given above, must be submitted for special examination and approval before being used. c. Panel boards must be marked where the marking can be plainly seen when installed, with the name or trade-mark of the manufacturer and the maximum capacity in amperes and the voltage for which the board is designed. §570. Cabinets and cut=out boxes. a. Cabinets are intended for enclosing feeder and circuit branch panelboards and similar devices. They may be designed for either surface or flush mounting and are usually provided with removable frames or matts, trims, etc., in which the swinging doors are hung ; when for the enclosure of apparatus connected within the cabinet to the wires' of more than 4 circuits they shall have a back wiring space or 1 or more side wiring spaces, side gutters or wiring compartments unless the wires leave the cabinet directly opposite their terminal connections. When intended for installa- tion out-of-doors they must be of the weatherproof pattern. b. Cut-out boxes are intended for enclosing single devices or combinations of devices connected within the cut-out box to the wires of not more than 4 circuits and usually are designed for surface mounting, having swinging doors or covers secured directly to the wall of the box. When intended for installation out-of-doors they must be of the weatherproof pattern. c. Design and construction of all cabinets and cut-out boxes must be such as to insure ample strength and rigidity. d. The spacing within cabinets and cut-out boxes must be sufficient to. provide ample room for the distribution of wires and cables placed 1 in them, and for a separa- tion between metal parts of cabinets or cut-out boxes and current carrying parts of devices and apparatus mounted within them as follows: 1. There must be an air space of at least 1-16 inch, except at points of support, between the base of the device and the wall of any metal cabinet or cut-out box on which the device is mounted. 2. There must be an air space of at least 1 inch between any enclosed fuse or current-carrying part and the door, unless the door is lined with an approved insulat- ing material or is of a thickness at least that of No. 12 U. S. gauge when the air space must be not less than inch. 3. There must be a space of at least 2 inches between open link fuses and metal or glass of walls or doors. 4. Except as noted above there must be an air space of at least x / 2 inch be- tween the walls, back, gutter partition, if of metal, or door of any cabinet or cut-out box and the nearest exposed current-carrying part of devices mounted within the cabinet where the potentials do not exceed 250 volts. This spacing must be increased to at least 1 inch where the potentials exceed 250 volts. 5. Cabinets and cut-out boxes must be deep enough to allow the doors to be closed when 30-ampere branch circuit panelboard switches having spool or composi- tion handles or when switches of combination cut-outs are in any position, and when 219 CHAP. 9 , ART. 5, SEC. 571. other single throw switches are thrown open as far as their construction and installa- tion will permit. 6. Cabinets having 1 or more side wiring spaces, side gutters or side wiring compartments must be furnished with covers, barriers or partitions extending around or from the side or sides of all bases or groups of bases of the switches, cut-outs, circuit breakers or feeder and circuit branch panelboards within the cabinet and pro- viding a close fit with the door, frame or sides of the cabinet so as to enclose these spaces, gutters or compartments and the wires stowed within them. At sides where wires or cables are led from the cabinet at points directly opposite their terminal connections to devices or apparatus within the cabinet, and other wires or cables are not placed, these covers, barriers or partitions may be omitted. When cabinets have back wiring spaces which are not entirely enclosed, covers must be furnished to provide equivalent enclosure. §571. Rosettes. a. Current-carrying parts of rosettes must be mounted on non-combustile, non- absorptive, insulating bases. There should be no openings through the rosette base except those for the supporting screws and in the concealed type for the conductors also, and these openings should not. be made any larger than necessary. There must be at least %. inch space, measured over the surface, between supporting screws and current-carrying parts. The supporting screws must be so located or countersunk that the flexible cord cannot come in contact with them. Bases for the knob and cleat type must have at least 2 holes for supporting screws ; must be high enough to keep the wires and terminals at least ^4 inch from the surface to which the rosette is attached and must have a porcelain lug under each terminal to prevent the rosette from being placed over projections which would reduce the separation to less than inch. Bases for the moulding and conduit box types must be high enough to keep the wires and terminals at least inch from the surface wired over. b. Contact pieces and terminals must be secured in position by at least 2 screws, or made with a square shoulder, or otherwise arranged to prevent turning. The nuts or screw heads on the under side of the base must be countersunk not less than % inch and covered with a waterproof compound which will not melt below 150 degrees Fahrenheit (65 degrees Centigrade). c. Line terminal plates must be at least .06 inch in thickness, and terminal screws must not be smaller than No. 6 standard screw with about 32 threads per inch. Ter- minal plates for the flexible cord must be at least .06 inch in thickness. The con- nection to these plates shall be by binding screws not smaller than No. 5 standard screw with about 40 threads per inch. At all binding screws for line wires and for flexible cord, upturned lugs, or some equivalent arrangement, must be provided which will secure the wires under the screw heads. d. The diameter of the cord inlet hole should measure 13-32 inch in order that standard portable cord may be used. e. Ample space must be provided for a substantial knot tied in the cord as a whole. All parts of the rosette upon which the knot is likely to bear must be smooth and well rounded. f. When the rosette is made in 2 parts, the cover must be secured to the base so that; it will not work loose. g. Rosettes must be plainly marked where the marking may readily be seen after the rosette has been installed, with the name or trade mark of the manufacturer, and the! rating in amperes and volts. Fuseless rosettes may be rated 3 amperes, 250 volts h. 220 ELECTRICAL CONTROL. §572. Sockets, including lamp receptacles. a. Sockets shall be classed according to diameters of lamp bases as candelabra, medium and mogul base, to be known respectively as y 2 inch, 1 inch and 1 y 2 inches nominal sizes, with ratings as specified in the following table : Class. f • Nominal diam. Key. Watts. Volts. Ratings. Max. amp. at any voltage. A Keyless. Max. amp. at any Watts. Volts, voltage. Candelabra . . . 75 125 3/4 75 125 1 Medium 250 250 2 1/2 660 250 6 *660 250 6 660 600 Mogul ... 1 1/2 in. 1500 250 f . 1500 600 Miniature sockets having screw shells smaller than the candelabra size may be used for decorative lighting systems, Christmas tree lighting outfits and similar purposes. b. All sockets must be marked with the name or trade-mark of the manufacturer and with the watts and volts which apply to the class. The rating marks may be abbreviated, as, for example, “250 W., 250 V.” Each lamp holder of double-ended sockets must be rated as specified above, the device being marked with a single marking- applying to each end. c. Acetal used for shells must be moderately hard, but not hard enough to be brittle or so soft as to be easily dented or knocked out of shape. Brass shells must be at least .013 inch in thickness and for mogul sockets not less than .025 inch, and shells of any other material must be thick enough to give the equivalent stiffness and strength. d. The inside of metal shells must be lined with insulating material, which must absolutely prevent the shell from becoming a part of the circuit, even though the wires inside the sockets should become loosened or detached from their position under the terminal screws. The material used for lining must be at least 1-32 inch in thickness, and must be firm, compact, tough and tenacious. It must not be injuriously affected by the heat from the largest lamp permitted in the socket. It is preferable to have the lining in one piece. The lining must not extend beyond the metal shell more than inch, but must prevent any current-carrying part of the lamp base from being exposed when a lamp is in the socket. The cap must also be lined, and this lining must comply with the requirements for shell linings. e. Caps when made of sheet brass must be at least .013 inch in thickness and .025 inch for mogul sockets, and when cast or made of other metals must be of equivalent strength. The inlet piece must contain sufficient metal for 5 full threads, and when not in one piece with the cap must be riveted or otherwise secured to give the strength of a single piece. There must be sufficient room in the cap to enable the ordinary wireman to easily and quickly make a knot in the cord and to push it into place in the cap without crowding. All parts of the cap upon which the knot is likely to bear must be smooth and well insulated. *This rating may be given only to sockets having a switch mechanism which produces both a quick “make” and a quick “break” action. ■{■Ratings to be assigned later, pending further discussion with manufacturers. 221 CHAP . 9, ART. 5 , SECS'. 575, 574. f. The frame which holds the moving parts must be sufficiently heavy to give ample strength and stiffness. Brass pieces containing terminal screws must be sufficiently heavy to give ample strength and stifffiess, and have at least .06 inch of thread for terminal screws. Terminal post screws must not be smaller than No. 5 standard screw, with about 40 threads per inch. g. For candelabra and medium sized sockets rated at 250 volts, points of opposite polarity must everywhere be kept not less than 3-64 inch apart, and for mogul sockets and sockets rated at 600 volts not less than Y& inch apart, provided, however, if substantial barriers of approved insulating material are used to separate such parts, these distances may be correspondingly reduced, but in no event must the separation distances measured over the surfaces of the barriers be less than those specified above. h. The parts to which wiring connections are made must be designed to securely grip the conductors. An upturned lug or some equivalent arrangement must be pro- vided to hold the wires under the screw heads. i. The socket must firmly hold the lamp in place so that it cannot be easily jarred out and must provide a contact good enough to prevent undue heating with the maxi- mum current allowed. The holding pieces, springs and the like, if a part of the circuit, must not be sufficiently exposed to allow them to be brought in contact with anything outside of the lamp and socket. j. The base on which current! carrying parts are mounted must be of porcelain or other non-combustible, non-absorptive, insulating material approved for such use. k. The key handle must not soften or become injured when used to operate the socket at a temperature of 150 degrees Fahrenheit, 60 degrees Centigrade. The handle should be thoroughly substantial and securely, but not necessarily rigidly, attached to the spindle or lever which it is designed to control. l. All screws in porcelain pieces, which can be firmly sealed in place, must be so sealed by a waterproof compound which will not melt below 200 degrees Fahrenheit (93 degrees Centigrade). m. The socket as a whole must be so put together that parts will not loosen under the most severe conditions they are likely to meet with in practice. The base must be held in such a manner as to prevent turning or displacement relative to the shell. o. Keyless sockets of all kinds must comply with the requirements for key sockets as far as they apply. p. Sockets made of porcelain or other insulating material must conform to the above requirements as far as they apply, and all parts must be strong enough to withstand a moderate amount of hard usage without breaking. Lead wires per- manently attacned to sockets and sealed in place must have separate outlets or be separated not less than % inch in the clear. The wires must be stranded and have approved insulating coverings. q. Where a socket is not attached to a fixture, the inlet must be provided with an approved insulating bushing which, if threaded, must be not less than 9-32 inch pipe size. The edges of bushings must be rounded and all inside fins removed so that in no case will the cord be subjected to the cutting or wearing action of a sharp edge. Bushings should have holes not less than 9-32 inch in diameter for plain pendant cord, and 13-32 inch in diameter for reinforced cord. §573. §574. Arc lamps. a. Arc lamps must be provided with reliable stops to prevent carbons from falling out in case the clamps become loose. b. All exposed parts must be carefully insulated from the circuit. 222 ELECTRICAL CONTROL. c. Terminals must be designed to secure a thoroughly good and permanent contact with supply wires, which contact must not become loosened by motion of the lamp during trimming. §575. §576. Insulating joints. a. Insulating joints must be made of approved materials both for metal and other parts, including the finishing materials for exterior and interior surfaces. Except for studs designed to be mounted with screws or bolts, they must have a substantial exterior metal casing insulated from both screw connections; they must be threaded in an approved manner; and they must comply with the prescribed tests for heat, leakage, dielectric strength, torsion and bending. b. Each joint and stud must be marked with the name or trade-mark of the manufacturer. §577. Fixtures. a. Fixtures must be made of metal or hard wood, except that other approved material may be used if reinforced by metal or otherwise constructed to secure requisite mechanical strength. In all cases mechanical strength must be secured practically equivalent to an all-metal fixture of similar size and form. In all fixtures not made entirely of metal, wireways must be metal lined unless approved armored conductors with suitable fittings are used. An exception is made in the case of wireways in glass, marble or similar non-absorptive, non-combustible insulat- ing materials. All arms must be reliably secured, to prevent turning by threading and soldering, brazing, threading locked by set screw or an equivalent method. With screw joints of arms and stems there must be not less than 5 threads all engaging at fixture supports, fixture bodies, etc. All methods of fastening arms or making joints between metal parts by threading, brazing or otherwise, must be such as to secure, in every case, ample strength and reliability. Sockets must, except on pendant cords, be attached to the metal of the fixtures and must be secured in a reliable and permanent manner by threading locked by set- screws or brazing or an equivalent method. All burrs and fins in wireways must be removed and all sharp edges at points where wires emerge from arms, stems, chains, etc., must, when practicable, be removed or rounded, but in every case it must be possible to pull in and also to withdraw the wires without injuring them. Where supply wires enter casings of fixture stems in either straight electric or combination gas and electric fixtures, there must be suitable fittings having smooth, rounded edges to prevent injury to the wire coverings and to prevent the wires from coming into contact with the edges of the ends of casings. Fixtures for installation outdoors or where exposed to moisture must be so con- structed that water cannot enter the wireways, sockets or other electrical parts. b. Conductors must be not smaller than No. 18 B. & S. gauge. On chains or similar parts where conductors are not completely enclosed in metal, the conductors must be stranded and must have rubber insulation not less than 1-32 inch in thickness. Wires and flexible cords must, when fixtures are externally wired, be so secured as not to be cut or abraded bv the pressure of the fastenings or motion of the fixture, and must be protected against abrasion where they pass through sheet metal plans, canopies, etc. Conductors must be so spliced or joined as to be both mechanically and electrically secure without solder. The joints must then be soldered (unless made with some 223 CHAP. 9 , ART. 5, SEC. 578. form of approved splicing device) and covered with an insulation equal to that on the conductors, i. e., with both rubber and friction tape. Wires must, within the arms and stems, be without splices and taps, i. e., it should not be necessary to withdraw the wires to inspect splices and taps. Receptacles must be so installed as to afford permanent and reliable means to prevent possible turning relative to the surfaces on which they are mounted. Receptacles having exposed terminals must not be used in canopies unless com- pletely enclosed in metal. c. Tubing used in threaded arms and stems must not be lighter than No. 18 B. & S. gauge. The thickness of unthreaded arms will depend largely upon the method used, and all methods of fastening arms or stems must be such as to secure in every case strength equivalent to that of a threaded connection. Such methods must be submitted for examination, test and approval. Tubing should not be kinked, flattened or cracked. Canopies must be made sufficiently large, except where outlet boxes are used, to permit the stowing away of splices to fixture leads and to allow supply conductors, and especially the splices to be kept clear of the grounded part of gas pipes. All methods of fastening arms or stems to fixture supports must be such as to secure in every case strength equivalent to that of a threaded connection. Conductors used in wiring fixtures must be of approved fixture wire, approved flexible cord, or approved rubber-covered wire, excepting that conductors having approved slow-burning or other heat-resisting coverings must be used in wiring fixtures in which the wiring is exposed, from the heat of lamps to temperatures in excess of 120 degrees Fahr. (49 degrees Centigrade). All such forms of fixtures must be submitted for examination, test and approval before being introduced for use. All fixtures should, where possible, be sufficiently ventilated to avoid exposing the wiring to high temperatures, and the wiring of fixtures should be so disposed as to be kept as free as possible from excessive temperatures. All electrical fittings (including insulating joints, sockets, receptacles, switches, attachment plugs, etc.) must be of approved types. Canopy insulators must be of approved types. They must be securely fastened in place so as to separate the canopies thoroughly and permanently from the surfaces and outlet boxes from which they are designed to be insulated. A strip of a good grade of hard fibre 1-16 inch thick, permanently attached to the canopy at the ends, and at intermediate points, in such a manner that the strip will permanently extend at least 3-16 inch beyond the entire upper edge of the canopy rim, will be acceptable. Where the above construction is impracticable a sheet of a good grade of hard fibre 1-16 inch thick, permanently attached to the canopy and cut to conform to the general outline of the canopy and with the edges of the sheet at least flush with the edges of the canopy will be acceptable. The insulating strip or sheet must be secured by rivets or screws and the rivets or screws must be so located or countersunk that the desired effective insulation distance is obtained. d. Tests. Each fixture (after wiring and assembly) must be tested with a magneto which will ring through a resistance of at least 50,000 ohms and show no short circuits between conductors or contacts between conductors and metal parts of fixtures. e. Markings. Each fixture must be marked with the manufacturer’s name or trade-mark. §578. Rheostats, resistance boxes and equalizers. a. Rheostats, resistance boxes and equalizers must be made entirely of non-com- bustible materials, except such minor parts as handles, magnet insulation, etc. All 224 ELECTRICAL CONTROL . segments, lever arms, etc., must be mounted on non-combustible, non-absorptive insu- lating material. Holes for the supporting screws which secure this material in position must be so located or countersunk that there will be at least inch space, measured over the surface, between the head of the screw or washer and the nearest live metal part. b. Rheostats, resistance boxes and equalizers must be so constructed that when mounted on a plane surface the casing will make contact with such surface only at the points of support. An air space of at least 1-4 inch between the rheostat casing and the supporting surface will be required. The construction throughout must be heavy, rugged and thoroughly workmanlike. c. Clamps for connecting wires to the terminals must be so designed as to insure a thoroughly good connection and must be sufficiently strong and heavy to withstand hard usage. For currents above 30 amperes, lugs into which the connecting wires may be soldered or approved solderless connectors must be used. Clamps or lugs will not be required when leads are provided as a part of the device. d. Rheostats, resistance boxes and equalizers must be plainly marked, where the marking may be readily seen after the device is installed, with the rating and the name of the maker ; and the terminals of motor-starting rheostats must be marked to indicate to what part of the circuit each is to be connected, as “line,” “armature” and “field.” e. The design of the fixed and movable contacts and the resistance in each section must be such as to secure the least tendency toward arcing and roughening of the contacts, even with careless handling or the presence of dirt. In motor-starting rheostats, the contact at which the circuit is broken by the lever arm when moving from the running to the starting position must be so designed that there will be no detrimental arcing. The final arcing, if any, on which the arm is brought to rest in the starting position must have no electrical connection. f. Motor-starting rheostats must be so designed that the contact arm cannot be left on intermediate segments, and for direct current circuits must be provided with an automatic device which will interrupt the supply circuit before the speed of the motor falls to less than of its normal value. In motor-starting rheostats for alternating current circuits the automatic interrupting device may be omitted. g. Overload-release devices which are inoperative during the process of starting a motor will not be approved, unless other circuit breakers or fuses are installed in connection with them. §579. Auto=starters. a. Coils and switches of auto-starters used in dusty and linty places or where exposed to flyings of combustible material, must be completely enclosed in substantial metal cases so constructed as to effectually exclude ordinary dust, lint or flyings of combustible material. Auto-starters used in places where the above conditions do not exist, may be of any approved type. Cases for either transformer coils or switches must provide for access to the interior for inspection and for renewal of oil, and must be so constructed that when mounted on a plain surface the casing will make contact with such surface only at points of support. An air space of at least x /\ inch between the casing and supporting surface will be required. The oil tank shall be marked in a suitable manner to indicate the proper oil level. When such device carries a visual oil indicator, the marking shall be for the proper oil level with the starter assembled. If the visual indicator is not used, markings shall indicate the oil level prior to assembling. The switch must provide an off position, a running position and at least one starting position. It must be so arranged that it will be held in off and running positions but cannot be left in a starting position or without the proper running overload protective devices in the circuit. The construction throughout must be thoroughly substantial. 225 CHAP. 9, ART. 5, SECS. 580 , 581. b. Clamps for connecting wires to the terminals must be so designed as to insure a thoroughly good connection and must be sufficiently strong and heavy to withstand hard usage. For currents above 30 amperes, lugs into which the connecting wires may be soldered, or approved solderless connectors, must be used. Clamps or lugs will not bo required when leads are provided as a part of the device. c. Auto-starters must be plainly marked, where the marking may be readily seen after the device is installed, with the rating and name of the maker; terminals to be so marked as to indicate to what part of the circuit each is to be connected. §580. Reactive Coils and Condensers. a. Reactive coils must be made of non-combustible material, mounted on non- combustible bases and treated, in general, as sources of heat. b. Condensers must be treated like other apparatus operating with equivalent voltage and currents. They must have non-combustible cases and supports, and must be isolated from all combustible materials and, in general, treated as sources of heat. §581. Transformers, low potential. 1. Air cooled transformers. a. Air cooled transformers must be placed in substantial metallic or other non- combustible cases, which completely enclose all current-carrying parts, with the excep- tion of the terminals of the low voltage windings as specified below. Sheet metal cases must be not less than 1-32 inch in thickness, and cast iron must be not less than 1-8 inch in thickness. Such transformers must be so constructed that when mounted on a plane surface the casing will make contact with such surface only at the points of support. An air space of at least *4 of an inch between the transformer casing and the supporting surface will be required. Leads of approved cable at least 6 inches in length and so secured as to prevent strain coming on the connections to the coils, must be brought out of the case through approved insulating bushings, except for bell-ringing~and toy transformers, the low voltage terminals of which may be binding posts mounted on the case. The construction throughout must be substantial and thoroughly workmanlike. b. Air cooled transformers must be plainly marked, where the marking will be readily seen after the transformer is installed, with the name of maker, with the frequency, the high voltage and all low voltages, and the rated capacity in kilo-volt- amperes. 2. Bell ringing or other signaling transformers. d. Transformers for bell-ringing or other signaling service must be con- structed in accordance with the requirements of paragraph a of this section, and may be approved for use when all wiring on the high voltage side is in accordance with the requirements of article 4 of this chapter. e. Such transformers must be plainly marked where it can be seen after installa- tion, with the name of the manufacturer, the frequency, the high voltage and all low voltages, and the proper terminals must be marked “Line” and “Bell.” The rating of high voltage winding must not be over 125 volts. f. The design of the transformer must be such that when any 2 low voltage terminals are short circuited while the rated voltage is impressed on the high voltage coil, the input measured by a wattmeter in the high voltage circuit will not be more that 25 watts. 3. Toy transformers. g. Transformers for operating toys must be constructed in accordance with the requirements of paragraph a of this section. h. Such transformers must be marked with the name of the manufacturer, high and all low voltages, the frequency and the rated capacity in volt-amperes. 226 ELECTRICAL CONTROL. The high voltage rating must not exceed 125 volts, nor the low voltage rating exceed 25 volts. i. Such transformers must be so constructed as to stand the following test : With the high voltage coil connected to a circuit of the rated voltage and fre- quency and with the low voltage coils short circuited, the input as measured by watt- meter must not exceed 250 watts. When so connected, and run until constant tem- perature is reached or until burnout occurs, the case must not be injured and there must be no escape or flames or molten metal. §582. Lightning arresters. a. Lightning arresters must be of approved construction. §583. Electric signs (for low potential systems only). a. Electric signs shall be constructed entirely of metal, or other incombustible material, except the insulation of the wires. Sheet metal must be not less than 28 U. S. sheet metal gauge. All metal must be galvanized, enameled, treated with at least 3 coats of anti-corrosive paint, or otherwise protected in an approved manner against corrosion. t b. Electric signs must be so constructed as to secure ample strength and rigidity. Electric signs must be so constructed as to be practically weatherproof and to enclose all terminals and wiring other than the supply leads, except that open work will be permitted for signs on roof£ or open ground where not subject to mechanical injury, provided the wiring is in accordance with paragraph e of this section. Trans- formers, unless of weatherproof type, cut-outs, flashes and other similar devices on or within the sign structure, must be enclosed in approved cut-out boxes or cabinets, except that if on or within the sign structure they may be placed in a sepa- rate, completely enclosed compartment, or in a substantial weatherproof box or cabinet of metal of thickness not less than that’ of the metal of the sign itself. Each compartment must have suitable provision for drainage through 1 or more holes, each not less than 1-4 inch in diameter. c. Electric signs must have the maker’s name or trade-mark permanently attached to the exterior. d. Receptacles must be so designed as to afford permanent and reliable means to prevent possible turning; must be so designed and placed that terminals will be at least 1-2 inch from other terminals and from metal of the sign, except that where open work is permitted this separation must be 1 inch. Miniature receptacles will not be approved for use in outdoor signs. e. Wiring must be approved rubber covered, not less than No. 14 B. & S. gauge. Wiring must be neatly run and so disposed and fastened as to be mechanically secure. Wires must be soldered to 1 terminals, and exposed parts of wires and terminals must be treated to prevent corrosion. Wires must, where they pass through walls or par- titions of the sign be protected by approved bushings. On outside of sign structure, except where open work is permitted, wires must be in approved metal conduit or in approved lead sheathed cable. For open work, wires must be rigidly supported on non-combustible, non-absorp- tive insulators which separate the wires at least 1 inch from the surface wired over. Rigid supporting requires, under ordinary conditions, where wiring over flat sur- faces, supports at least every A l / 2 feet. If the wires are liable to be disturbed the distance between supports should be shortened. In those parts of circuits where wires are connected to approved receptacles which hold them at least 1 inch from surface wired over, and which are placed not over 1 foot apart, such receptacles will be considered to afford the necessary support and spacing of the wires. Between, receptacles more than 1 foot, but less than 2 feet, apart, an additional non-combustible. 227 CHAP. 9, ART. 6, SEC. 685. non-absorptive insulator maintaining separation and spacing equivalent to. the re- ceptacles, must be used. Except as above specified wires must be kept apart at least 2^4 inches for voltages up to 300, and 4 inches for higher voltages. f. Leads from signs must pass through the walls of the sign either through ap- proved metal conduit or armored cable, or must be neatly cabled and pass through one or more bushings of approved non-combustible, non-absorptive insulated material. g. Not over 1,320 watts shall be dependent upon final cutout. ARTICLE 6. Miscellaneous. Section 685. 686 . 687. 688 . Signaling systems. Wireless telegraph apparatus. Electric gas lighting. Insulation resistance. §685. Signaling systems. 1. Exception. All wiring, apparatus and devices of signaling systems used for the transmission of intelligence as to fire, shall conform to such rules and regulations as the fire com- missioner may prescribe. 2. Outside wires. a. Outside wires must be run in underground ducts or strung on poles, and kept off the roofs of buildings, except by special permission, and must not be placed on the same cross-arm with electric light or power wires. They must not occupy the same duct, manhole or handhole of conduit systems with electric light or power wires. Single manholes or handholes separated into sections by means of partitions of brick or tile will be considered as conforming with the above requirement. When the entire circuit from central station to building is run in underground conduits, paragraphs b to m inclusive, of this section do not apply. b. When outside wires are run on same pole with electric light or power wires, the distance between the two inside pins of each cross-arm must not be less than 24 inches. When the wires are carried in approved cables, paragraphs c, d and e of this section do not apply. c. Where wires are attached to the outside walls of buildings they must have an approved rubber insulating covering, and on frame buildings or frame portions of other buildings shall be supported on glass or porcelain insulators or knobs. d. The wires from last outside support to the cut-outs or protectors must be of copper, and must have an approved rubber insulation; must be provided with drip loops immediately outside the building and at entrance. e. Wires must enter building through approved non-combustible, non-absorptive insulating bushings sloping upward from the outside, and both wires may enter through the same bushing, if desired. 3. Ten ampere installations. f. An all-metallic circuit shall be provided, except in telegraph systems. g. At the entrance of wires to building, approved single pole cut-outs, designed for 251-600 volts potential and containing fuses rated at not over 10 amperes capacity, shall be provided for each wire. These cut-outs must not be placed in the immediate vicinity of easily ignitable stuff, or where exposed to inflammable gases, or dust or to flyings of combustible material. h. The wires inside building shall be of copper not less than No. 16 B. & S. gauge, and must have insulation and be supported, the same as would be required for an installation of electric light or power wiring, 0-600 volts potential. 228 ELECTRICAL CONTROL. i. The instruments shall be mounted on bases constructed of non-combustible, non-absorptive insulating material. Holes for the supporting screws must be so located, or countersunk, that there will be at least 1-2 inch space, measured over the surface, between the head of the screw and the nearest live metal part. 4. Less than 10 ampere installations. j. Wires must be provided with an approved protective device located as near as possible to the entrance of wires to building. The protector must not be placed in the immediate vicinity of easily ignitable stuff, or where exposed to inflammable gases or dust or flyings of combustible materials. k. Wires from entrance to building to protector must be supported on porcelain insulators, so that they will come in contact with nothing except their designed sup- ports. l. The ground wire of the protective device shall be run in accordance with the following requirements : 1. Shall be of copper and not smaller than No. 18 B. & S. gauge. 2. Must have an insulating covering approved for voltages from 0 to 600, except that the preservative compound may be omitted. 3. Must run in as straight a line as possible to a good permanent ground. This may be obtained by connecting to a water or gas pipe connected to the street mains or to a ground rod or pipe driven in permanently damp earth. When connections are made to pipes, preference shall be given to water pipes. If attachment is made to gas pipe, the connection in all cases must be made between the meter and the street mains. In every case the connection shall be made as near as possible to the earth. When the ground wire is attached to a water pipe or gas pipe, it may be connected by means of an approved ground clamp fastened to a thoroughly clean portion of said pipe, or the pipe shall be thoroughly cleaned and tinned with rosin flux solder, and the ground wire shall then be wrapped tightly around the pipe and thoroughly soldered to it. When the ground wire is attached to a ground rod driven into the earth, the ground wire shall be soldered to the rod in a similar manner. Steam or hot-water pipes must not be used for a protector ground. m. The protector to be approved must comply with the following requirements : 1. For instrument circuits of telegraph systems, an approved single pole cut-out in each wire, designed for 2,000 volts potential, and containing fuses rated at not over 1 ampere capacity. When main line cut-outs are installed as called for in paragraph g of this section the instrument cut-outs may be placed between the switchboard and the instrument as near the switchboard as possible ; 2. In all other systems the protector must be mounted on non-combustible, non- absorptive insulating bases, so designed that when the protector is in place all parts which may be alive will be thoroughly insulated from the wall to which the protector is attached. The protector must have the following parts : A lightning arrester which will operate with a difference of potential between wires of not over 500 volts, and so arranged that the chance of accidental grounding is reduced to a minimum ; A fuse designed to open the circuit in case the wires become crossed with light or power circuits. The fuse must be able to open the circuit without arcing or serious flashing when crossed with any ordinary commercial light or power circuit; A heat coil, if the sensitiveness of the instrument demands it, which will operate before a sneak current can damage the instrument the protector is guarding; Heat coils are necessary in all circuits normally closed through magnet windings, which cannot indefinitely carry a current of at least 5 amperes ; The heat coil is designed to warm up and melt out with a current large enough 229 CHAP. 9 , ART. 6, SEC. 686. to endanger the instruments if continued for a long time, but so small that it would not blow the fuses ordinarily found necessary for such instruments. 3. The fuses must be so placed as to protect the arrester and heat coils, and the protector terminals must be plainly marked “line,” “instrument,” “ground.” An easily read abbreviation of the above words will be allowed. 5. Generally. The following rules apply to all systems whether the wires from the central office to the building are overhead or underground : n. Wires beyond the protector, or wires inside buildings where no protector is used, must be neatly arranged and securely fastened in place in some convenient, workmanlike manner. They must not come nearer than 2 inches to any electric light or power wire in the building, unless separate therefrom by some continuous and firmly fixed non-conductor creating a permanent separation ; this non-conductor to be in addition to the regular insulation on the wire. o. Wires where bunched together in a vertical run within any building must have a fire-resisting covering sufficient to prevent the wires from carrying fire from floor to floor unless they are run either in non-combustible tubing or in a fireproof shaft, which shaft must be provided with fire stops at each floor. Signaling wires and elec- tric light or power wires may be run in the same shaft, provided that 1 of these classes of wires is run in non-combustible tubing, or provided that when run otherwise these 2 classes of wires shall be separated from each other by at least 2 inches. In no case shall signaling wires be run in the same tube with electric light or power wires. p. Transformers or other devices for supplying current to signaling systems from light, heat or power circuits must be of a design expressly approved for this purpose. The primary wiring must be installed in accordance with the requirements of article 4 of this chapter, and the secondary wiring in accordance with this article. §686. Wireless telegraph apparatus. In setting up wireless telegraph apparatus, all wiring within the building must conform to the requirements of this chapter for the class of work installed and to the following additional specifications : a. Aerial conductors must be permanently and effectively grounded at all times when station is not in operation by a conductor not smaller than No. 4 B. & S. gauge copper wire, run in as direct line as possible to water pipe at a point on the street side of all connections to said water pipe within the premises, or to some other equally satisfactory earth connection. b. Aerial conductors when grounded as above specified must be effectually cut off from all apparatus within the building. c. Or the aerial must be permanently connected at all times to earth in the man- ner specified above, through a short-gap lightning arrester, said arrester to have a gap of not over .015 inch between brass or copper plate, not less than 2^2 inches in length parallel to the gap, and 1 J4 inches the other way with a thickness of not less than % inch mounted upon non-combustible, non-absorptive insulating material of such di- mensions as to give ample strength. Other approved arresters of equally low resist- ance and equally substantial construction may be used. d. In cases where the aerial is grounded as specified in paragraph a of this sec- tion, the switch employed to join the aerial to the ground connection shall not be smaller than a standard 100 ampere knife switch. e. Where supply is obtained direct from the street service the circuit must be installed in approved metal conduits or armored cable. In order to protect the supply system from high potential surges, there must be inserted in circuit either a trans- 230 ELECTRICAL CONTROL. former having a ratio which will give a potential on the secondary leads not to exceed 550 volts, or two condensers in series across the line, the connection between said con- densers to be permanently and effectually grounded. These condensers should have capacity of not less than y 2 micro-farad. §687. Electric gas lighting. a. Electrical gas lighting, unless it is the frictional system, must not be used on the same fixture with the electric light, except under special permission in writing. §688. Insulation resistance. The wiring in any building must comply with the following requirements. The complete installation must have a resistance between conductors and between all con- ductors and the ground (not including attachments, sockets, receptacles, etc.) not less than that given in the following table : Up to 5 amperes 4,000,000 ohms Up to 1.0 amperes 2,000,000 ohms Up to 25 amperes 800,000 ohms Up to 50 amperes 400,000 ohms Up to 100 amperes 200,000 ohms Up to 200 amperes 100,000 ohms Up to 400 amperes 50,000 ohms Up to 800 amperes 25,000 ohms Up to 1,600 amperes 12,500 ohms The test must be made with all cut-outs and safety devices in place. If the lamp sockets, receptacle, electroliers, etc., are also connected, only J4 the resistance speci- fied in the table will be required. ARTICLE 7. Violations. Section 700. Violations. §700. Violations. Any person who shall violate any provision of this chapter, or fail to comply with any requirement thereof, or who shall violate or fail to comply with any order or regulation of the commissioner made thereunder, or who, being the holder of a special permit, as defined in subdivision 7 of § 1 of this chapter, shall install, alter or repair any electric wiring or appliance for light, heat or power, in violation of the terms of such special permit or any provision of this chapter, shall for each and every such violation or non-compliance forfeit and pay a penalty in the sum of $50. 231 Article 1. 2 . 3 . 4. 5. 6 . 7. 8 . 9. 10 . 11 . 12 . 13. 1 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20 . 21 . 22 . 23. 24. 25. 26. Section 1. 2 . 3. 4. 5. 6 . 7. 8 . 9. 10 . 11 . CHAPTER 10. ^EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. Regulations of the Municipal Explosives Commission. General provisions- Certificates and permits. Bonds and fees. Manufacture, storage, sale, transportation and use of explosives. Ammunition. Fireworks. Matches. Mineral oils. Inflammable mixtures. Combustible mixtures. Garages. Motor vehicle repair shops. Dry cleaning and dry dyeing establishments. Motor cycle repair shops and storage places. Paints, varnishes and lacquers. Calcium carbide. Gases under pressure. Refrigerating plants. Nitro-cellulose. Inflammable motion-picture films. Distilled liquors and alcohols. Oils and fats. Technical establishments. Wholesale drug stores and drug and chemical supply-houses. Retail drug stores. Miscellaneous. ARTICLE 1. General Provisions. Definitions. Construction of chapter. Federal government. City officers. Seizure of contraband material. Revenues, disposition of. Electrical perils, protection against. Smoking prohibited. Fire extinguishing appliances. Hazardous industries. Permits. §1. Definitions. Unless otherwise expressly stated whenever used in this chapter the following terms shall respectively be deemed to mean : 1. Ammunition, a metal or other shell containing a fulminate, or containing black or smokeless powder for the purpose of propelling projectiles or shot; or black or * O. R., in foot notes, indicates original Regulations of Municipal Explosives Commission. t Added by ord. effective Feb. 20, 1917. 232 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. smokeless powder packed for use as a propelling charge or for saluting purposes; (O. R., §19.) 2. Black powder (gunpowder) , any explosive substance composed of sulphur, charcoal and either sodium or potassium nitrate; (O. R., §16.) 3. Blasting cap, a cap or detonator, with wires attached for exploding the same by means of electricity; (O. R., §14.) 4. Blasting powder, an explosive substance composed of sulphur, charcoal and sodium nitrate, specially prepared for the purpose of blasting; (O. R., §17.) 5. Bond, a written obligation or undertaking, under seal, whereby an applicant for or holder of a permit engages and agrees to indemnify the city for any loss, damage or injury resulting from his acts under such permit; (O. R., §9.) 6. (Repealed by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 7. Certificate of approval, a written statement issued by the fire commissioner, certifying that the type, class or kind or article or thing mentioned therein has been examined, tested and approved in conformity with this chapter, and that it is authorized to be manufactured, stored, transported, sold or used; (O. R., §4.) 8. Certificate of fitness, a written statement issued by the fire commissioner, certifying that the person to whom it is issued has passed an examination as to his qualifications to perform the work mentioned therein, and that he has authority to perform such work during the term specified; (O. R., §3.) 9. Certificate of registration, a written statement issued by the fire commissioner, certifying that the person, association or corporation named therein has registered his or its name with the commissioner in conformity with the provisions of this chapter; (O. R., §5.) 10. (Repealed by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 11. Combustible mixture, any liquid or solid mixture, or substance, or compound, which does not emit an inflammable vapor at a temperature below 100° F., when tested in a Tagliabue open cup tester, but which may be ignited and caused to burn; (O. R., §25.) 12. Dry cleaning or dry dyeing, the act or process of washing or immersing in volatile inflammable oil or liquid a garment, fabric, fiber, substance or article, for the purpose of cleaning or dyeing the same; (O. R., §29.) 12a. Container capacity, the cubic measure of the container; (Added by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 13. Essential oil, an oil used for flavoring or perfuming purposes; (O. R., §34b.) 14. Explosive, explosive compound or mixture, or explosive article, any substance or compound or mixture, or article having properties of such a character that alone, or in combination or contiguity with other substances or compounds, may decompose suddenly and generate sufficient heat or gas or pressure, or any or all of them, to pror duce rapid flaming combustion, or administer a destructive blow to surrounding objects; (O. R., §11.) 15. F., Fahrenheit, the Fahrenheit thermometer; (New.) 16. Fire retarding material, asbestos board in 2 layers, each 54 inch in thickness, the second layer breaking joints in all directions with the first, or plaster boards cocoa fibre filled, covered with lap jointed metal not less than 26 B. & S. gauge in thickness and any other material that has successfully passed the 1 hour fire test prescribed by the industrial board of the state labor department, under date of October 29, 1914; (O. R., §38a; as amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 17. Fireworks, any combustible or explosive composition, or any substance or combination of substances, or article, prepared for the purpose of producing a visible or an audible pyrotechnic effect by combustion, explosion, deflagration or detonation; (O. R., §20.) 233 CHAP. 10, ART. 1, SEC. 1. 18. Fuel oil, any liquid mixture, substance or compound, derived from petroleum, which does not emit an inflammable vapor below a temperature of 125° F., when tested in a Tagliabue open cup tester; (O. R., §23a.) 19. Garage, a building, shed or enclosure, or any portion thereof, in which a motor vehicle other than one the fuel storage tank of which is empty, is stored, housed or kept; (a) Storage garage, a garage in which volatile inflammable oil other than that contained in the fuel storage tanks of motor vehicles is handled, stored or kept; (b) Non-storage garage, a garage in which no volatile inflammable oil other than that contained in the fuel storage tanks of motor vehicles, is handled, stored or kept. (Amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) 20. Gas under pressure, a gas or compound of gases, either in a gaseous or liquid form; compressed to a pressure greater than 6 pounds to the square inch; (O. R., §31.) 21. Guncotton that nitro cellulose chemically known as hexa-nitro-cellulose, and generally used alone or in combination with other substances as a blasting explosive or as a propelling charge, and includes all cellulose nitrates of a higher degree of nitration; (O. R., §12). 22. Inflammable mixture, any liquid, or any mixture, substance, or compound, that contains more than 10 per cent, by volume of volatile inflammable oil, or which will emit an inflammable vapor at a temperature below 100° F., when tested in a Tagliabue open cup tester; (O. R., §24.) 23. Inflammable motion picture film, a film made of nitro-cellulose product or other inflammable substance, used for the purpose of displaying motion-pictures for exhibition; (O. R., §33; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915). 24. Kerosene or kerosene oil, any liquid product or petroleum, commonly used for illuminating purposes, which does not emit an inflammable vapor below a temperature of 100° F., when tested in a Tagliabue open cup tester; (O. R.. §23.) 25. Lubricating oil, an oil used to reduce friction, whether of animal, vegetable or mineral origin, or a compound thereof ; (O. R., §34a.) 26. Match, a stick, fibre of wick of wood, paper or other material, cut, prepared, manufactured or treated so that, by friction, contact or otherwise, with or upon a surface or substance, it will ignite and produce a flame or combustion; (O. R., §21.) 27. Motor vehicle, a vehicle or other conveyance having more than 2 running wheels, and using a volatile inflammable oil as fuel for generating motive power, excepting such vehicles as have a storage tank of a capacity of less than 2 gallons of a volatile inflammable oil; (O. R., §26.) 28. Motor vehicle repair shop, a building, shed or enclosure, or any portion thereof, wherein is conducted the general business of repairing motor vehicles; (O. R., §28.) 29. Nitro-cellulose product, any substance, material, or compound, having soluble cotton as a base, including pyralin, celluloid, fiberoid, viscoloid, and similar materials and compounds by whatever name known, when in the form of blocks, slabs, sheets, rods, tubes or other shapes, and intended to be used for further manufacture; (O. R., §32.) 30. Oil and fat, any oil, fat or grease, of animal, vegetable or mineral origin, except essential oils; (O. R., §34.) 30a. Oil selling station, an authorized building, shed or enclosure, or any portion thereof, in which the business of storing and selling volatile inflammable oil to passing motor vehicle is conducted, but where motor vehicles are not stored; (Added by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 30b. Oil storage plant, a building, shed, enclosure or premises, or any portion 234 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. thereof, in which petroleum or shale oil or the liquid products thereof, or of coal tar, are stored or kept for sale in large quantities, in tanks, barrels or approved float- ing barges; (Added by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 31. Permit, the written authority of the fire commissioner, issued pursuant to this chapter, for the manufacture, transportation, storage, sale or use of any finished or unfinished product, article or thing, or any material or substance entering into the composition thereof; (O. R., §1.) 32. (Repealed by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) 33. (Repealed by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) 34. Retail drug store , a store or building used for the compounding and dis- pensing, usually in the form of physicians’ prescriptions, or for the selling of small quantities of medicinal preparations, proprietary articles, drugs, chemicals, oils, volatile solvents and other substances which, alone or in combination with any other article or substance, are of a highly combustible, inflammable or explosive nature; (O. R., §37.) 35. Safety or slow burning fuse, a train, or core, of black powder surrounded by strands of jute, hemp or other fiber, and usually covered with a waterproofing material; (O. R., §15.) 36. Smokeless powder, a propellant for small arms or cannon, in the combustion of which smoke is largely eliminated, and having for its explosive base nitrocellulose in varying proportions; (O. R., §18.) 37. Soluble cotton pyroxylin or nitro-cellulose, including all cellulose nitrates below that chemically known as hexa-nitro-cellulose. and soluble in a volatile inflam- mable liquid; (O. R., §13.) 38. (Repealed by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 39. (Repealed by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 40. Technical establishment, a building or place where explosive, inflammable or highly combustible substances are produced, used or stored for use, or where chemicals or other materials entering into the production of such substances are stored or used, excepting those establishments which are specifically treated under other classifications in this chapter; (O. R., §35.) 41. Tenement-house , a tenement house as defined in the Tenement House Law. L. 1909, Ch. 99, §2, subd. 1, as amended by Ch. 13, L. 1912; (O. R„ §8.) 42. Vault, a covered excavation or chamber, below the street level, with masonry walls and roof, constructed outside the foundation walls of a building, and with but one entrance, fitted with a self-closing fireproof door; (O. R., §7.) 43. Volatile inflammable oil, any oil or liquid that will generate an inflammable vapor at a temperature below 100° F. when tested in a Tagliabue open cup tester; (O. R., §22.) 44. Wholesale drug store or drug and chemical supply house, a building or place used for receiving, handling, storing or keeping for sale, in large quantities, medicinal preparations, proprietary articles, drugs, chemicals, oils, volatile solvents, and other substances which, alone or in combination with other substances or articles, are of a highly combustible, inflammable or explosive nature; (O. R., §36.) 45. Working or filling pressure, the pressure at 70° F. (Added by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) §2. Construction of chapter. Whenever in this chapter a specified article treats of any substance, trade or industry, such regulations shall control and have precedence over any conflicting refer- ence or regulation covering the same substance, business, trade or industry made in any other portion of this chapter. (O. R.. §55.) 235 < HAP. 10, ART. 1, SECS. 3-11. §3. Federal government. Nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed as applying to the trans- portation of any article or thing shipped in conformity with the regulations prescribed by the interstate commerce commission ; nor as applying to the military or naval forces of the United States, nor to the duly authorized militia of any state or territory thereof. (O. R., §§62, 63.) §4. City officers. The heads of the various departments of the city shall be subject to the provisions of this chapter with regard to obtaining permits and with regard to the requirements for certificates of fitness for their employees; but they shall not be required to furnish a bond or to pay a fee in connection therewith. (O. R., §61.) §5. Seizure of contraband material. Any article or thing the manufacture, transportation, storage, keeping, sale or use of which is prohibited by this chapter, or which is manufactured, transported, stored, sold, kept, or used in violation thereof, is liable to seizure by the fire com- missioner, and may be disposed of at his discretion. (O. R., §57.) §6. Revenues, disposition of. All fees, fines and forfeitures, and all proceeds of suits for penalties, which may be paid or collected pursuant to this chapter, shall be paid in and disbursed pursuant to chapter xv. title 5 of the Charter. (O. R., §59.) §7. Electrical perils, protection against. In workshops, factories, and other establishments, where volatile inflammable oils or liquids, or inflammable or explosive substances, are used or handled, all fixtures, machinery and apparatus liable to generate or be affected by an electric spark, or which are in any way exposed to the influence of an electric discharge (such as lightning), shall be “grounded” in a manner satisfactory to the fire commissioner. (O. R., §56.) §8. Smoking prohibited. No person shall smoke or carry a lighted cigar, cigarette, pipe or match within any room or enclosed place, or in any cellar or basement, or in any part of any premises in which an explosive or highly combustible or inflammable material is man- ufactured, stored or kept for use or sale. Offices not containing explosive, highly combustible or inflammable material, and separated from the other parts of said places or premises by a tight partition or a self-closing door, shall be exempt from the above prohibition. (O. R., §§299, 342, 402, 439, 506, 569, 599.) §9. Fire extinguishing appliances. The fire commissioner may, before granting any permit hereinafter prescribed, require the installation of water-buckets, sand buckets, fire extinguishers, metal receptacles for rubbish and other means of preventing and extinguishing fire, where the same are not specifically required in this chapter. (O. R., §600.) §10. Hazardous industries. Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, no person shall conduct a hazardous or dangerous industry, trade, occupation or business, requiring the storage, sale or use of any explosives, inflammable, combustible or other dangerous substance, article, compound or mixture, without a permit, issued upon such conditions as are deemed by the fire commissioner necessary in the interest of public safety. (Added by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) §11. Permits. The sale, storage use, manufacture or transportation of any combustible, inflam- mable or explosive article, thing, substance or compound to which this chapter applies, 236 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. without a permit in writing from the fire commissioner, except where none is provided for in this chapter, is hereby prohibited. Where separate regulations require permits for 2 or more departments or branches of the same business conducted in the same establishment, all such departments or branches may be included in a single permit, the fee to be fixed by the fire commissioner. (Added by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) ARTICLE 2. Certificates and Permits. Section 20. 21 . 22 . 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. Applications. Certificate of fitness. Certificates of approval. Certificates of registration. Permits ; general provisions. Special permits. Renewals ; revocation. Inspection. §20. Applications. All applications for certificates or permits required by the provisions of this chapter shall be made to the fire commissioner, in such form and detail as he shall prescribe, and containing such information as he shall require. Except applications for certificates of fitness, they shall be accompanied by such plans, drawings, models or samples as the commissioner may require. (O. R., §§39, 40.) §21. Certificate of fitness. 1. Qualifications. An applicant for a certificate of fitness must — (a) Be at least 21 years of age; (b) Have a reasonable understanding of the English language and be able to answer satisfactorily such questions as may be asked him upon his examination ; (c) Produce such evidence of his character, habits and past employment as may be satisfactory to the commissioner; (d) Pass an examination, by a person or body designated by the fire commissioner, upon the law and ordinance regulations governing the transportation, storage and use of the substance, compound or article relating to or connected with the service to be performed by him ; upon the risks incident to his employment, and upon his knowledge of the precautions necessary to be taken in connection therewith ; provided, however, that such examination may be waived at the discretion of the fire commissioner upon applications for renewals of such certificates. Upon the approval of such examiner or examining body, the fire commissioner may issue to him a certificate of fitness. An applicant for such certificate, who has failed to pass a satisfactory examination may renew his application after the expiration of 3 months from the date of his last examination ; (e) In addition to the foregoing requirements, an applicant in order to obtain an original certificate of fitness as a blaster, must present satisfactory evidence of experience in handling high explosives, either as a blaster or a blaster’s helper, for a period not less than 2 years, and that he is properly qualified to perform the duties of a blaster. (O. R., §§31. 42; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 2. Photographs. Each application for such a certificate shall be accompanied with two unmounted photographs of the applicant, taken in ordinary working clothes, not less than 2 by 3 inches; one of which shall be attached to the application, the other to the certificate of fitness when issued. (O. R., §43.) 237 CHAP. 10, ART. 2, SECS. 22-27. §22. Certificates of approval. Each application for a certificate of approval shall be accompanied with the article or thing sought to be approved, or with complete working drawings thereof. The applicant for the certificate shall, at his own cost and expense, furnish to the fire commissioner any required opportunity to make an analysis, test or examination of the article or thing which is the subject of his application, under such conditions as may be prescribed by the commissioner ; or shall, if directed, have such analysis, test or examination made at a laboratory or testing establishment to be designated by the commissioner. Each article or thing of a type for which a certificate of approval shall have been issued shall have the number of such certificate plainly stamped or otherwise fixed upon it, or a mark of identification which must be recorded in the certificate of approval. (O. R., §§45, 47; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) §23. Certificates of registration. An application for a certificate of registration of the name of a person, association or corporation manufacturing, outside the city, any article or thing which is to be stored, sold and used within the city, shall be in such form and detail as the fire commissioner may prescribe, and shall contain a general description of the article or thing sought to be registered. (O. R., §48.) §24. Permits; general provisions. 1. (Repealed by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 2. Not transferable. A permit is not transferable, but the business may be transferred to a new location under the same ownership, and in case a business conducted under a permit changes ownership, the new owner, before assuming control of such business, shall obtain a new permit. (O. R., §49.) §25. Special permits. 1. Continuing old business. The fire commissioner may, by special permit, authorize the continuance of any business or the storage, sale or use of any article, apparatus or thing, which was originally authorized by a permit issued under tne regulations of the municipal explosives commission, in force on January 1, 1912, or he may waive the operation of this chapter, or any portion thereof, in a sparsely popu- lated district. (O. R., §53.) 2. Modifications. When the circumstances, conditions, limitations or surround- ings of any business, occupation, trade, industry or premises, to which this chapter applies, are unusual, or such as render it impracticable to enforce all the provisions applicable thereto, the fire commissioner may waive or modify such provisions to such extent as he may deem necessary in the premises consistent with public safety. (O. R., §53a; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) §26. Renewals; revocation. Unless otherwise specifically provided, every permit, certificate of fitness or cer- tificate of registration or renewal thereof, granted by the fire commissioner, shall be for such period as he may determine, not to exceed 1 year and shall be a mere revocable license. Certificates of approval need not be granted for a fixed period, and may be revoked at any time. (O. R., §50; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) §27. Inspection. Every permit must at all times be kept on the premises designated therein, and every certificate of fitness shall at all times be kept in the possession of the person to whom it shall have been issued, upon pain of forfeiture thereof, and shall at all times be subject to inspection by any officer of the fire or police departments. (O. R. f §52; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 238 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. ARTICLE 3. Bonds and Fees. Section 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. Bonds, general provisions. Schedule of bonds required. Fees for certificates. Fees for permits. Fees for special permits. §40. Bonds, general provisions. All bonds required to be given under the provisions of this chapter shall be approved by the comptroller, as to the sufficiency of the sureties, and conditioned for the payment of any loss, damage or injury resulting to persons or property by reason of carelessness, negligence or failure to comply with the requirements of this chapter, respecting the manufacture, transportation, storage, sale, handling or use, within the city, of any article or thing covered by this chapter ; except that no bond shall be required of a contractor in connection with work to be performed by him under a contract with the city, provided he has filed a general indemnity bond covering such contract. (O. R., §58.) §41. Schedule of bonds required. Except as provided in §40 of this chapter, applicants for permits of the following classes shall give bonds in the penal sums hereinafter specified, namely : Class of Permit. Bond. *0. R. 1. Explosives: to bring into the city, and sell, transport and deliver $5,000 00 §68 for each vessel in the local trade 5,000 00 §70 for each vehicle engaged in local delivery 5,000 00 §69 for magazine, first class 25,000 00 §72 second class 20,000 00 §72 third class 15,000 00 §72 fourth class 10,000 00 §72 fifth class 5,000 00 §72 to use 5,000 00 §71 2. Fire-works: to manufacture, bond of not less than 5,000 00 §79 to store and sell, wholesale value of $500 2,000 00 §81 wholesale value of $1,500 5,000 00 §80 to use and discharge, wholesale value over $10, single occasion 1,000 00 §83 at various times within the same enclosure 2,000 00 §84 t§42. Fees for certificates. Applicants for certificates issued under the provisions of this chapter shall pay annual fees as follows : Class of Certificate. Fee. O. R. 1 Certificate of fitness as magazine keeper $2 00 §65 others certificates of fitness, original 5 00 §65 renewals 2 00 New ♦Source of provision. fAmended by ord. effective May 25, 1915. 239 CHAP. 10, ART. 3, SEC. 43. Class of Certificate. Fee. 0. R. 2. Certificate of approval 25 00 §66 3. Certificate of registration, the fee required for a permit to manufacture a similar article or thing within the city §67 4. Certificates of fitness for transferring carbonic acid, both orig- inals and renewals 50 New (Amended by ord. effective July 3, 1917.) t§43. Fees for permits. Applicants for permits under the provisions of this chapter shall pay annual fees as follows : Class of Permits. Annual Fee. *0. R. 1. Acids, to store: more than 1 and not exceeding 15 carboys of any acid or acids, except picric acid $2 00 New more than 15 carboys of any acid or acids, except picric acid 5 00 New la. Acids, carbonic: fee for a permit to transfer carbonic acid to a container of lower pressure, for distribution to the trade 5 00 New lb. Acids, carbonic: fee for a permit to transfer, carbonic acid to a container of lower pressure, for use only by the operator at his own retail soda water stand 1 00 New (Amended by ord. effective July 3, 1917.) 2. Ammunition for small-arms: to load by hand 5 00 §76 to store and sell in quantities specified in §81 50 00 §77 in quantities not exceeding 25 per cent, of quantities specified in §81 10 00 §77 to use blank cartridge on the stage 2 00 §78 3. Barbers' supplies, manufacturers of, when applications do not exceed 2 bbls. Columbian spirits, 100 lbs. essential oils, 1 bbl. grain alcohol 2 00 New 4. Black powder, blasting powder or smokeless powder: to store 14 to 250 pounds 10 00 §74 under 14 pounds 5 00 §75 5. Calcium carbide: to store, less than 600 pounds 10 00 §107 more than 600 pounds 25 00 §108 6. Collodion, in factories where used as an ingredient of a manufactured product 10 00 New 7. Combustible mixtures: to manufacture 25 00 §98 to store and sell 2 00 §99 ♦Source of provision. fAmended by ord. effective May 25, 1915. 240 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. Class of Permits. Annual Fee. *0. R. 8. Confectionery supplies, manufacturers of, when applications do not exceed 7 bbls. alcohol, 1,500 lbs. glycerine, 750 lbs. essential oils, 500 lbs. flavoring, 250 lbs. shellac, 3 tons cotton seed oil, 5 bales excelsior, 2 gals, benzine, 10 lbs. amyl acetate, 50 gals, cologne spirits, 25 lbs. sulphuric acid, 7 lbs. ether 10 00 New 9. Drug store, or drug or chemical supply-house : to maintain and operate, wholesale 10 00 §120 to maintain and operate, retail 2 00 §121 10. Electric light and power station, when applications do not exceed 20 gals, gasoline, 5 gals, benzine, 5 gals, muriatic acid, 5 gals, nitric acid, 1 gal. ether, 100 gals, paints, 5 gals, alcohol, 2 bbls. varnish 5 00 New 11. Electric and other blasting caps, to store and sell 25 00 §73 12. Explosives: to bring into the city and sell, to transport and deliver 250 00 §68 for each vessel carrying locally 50 00 §70 for each vehicle delivering locally 50 00 §69 to use , 25 00 §71 12. Explosives: each magazine, first class 25 00 §72 second class 20 00 §72 third class 15 00 §72 fourth class 10 00 §72 fifth class 5 00 §72 13. Essential oils, storage and sale : 500 pounds and over 10 00 §95c 100-500 lbs 5 00 §95c not exceeding 100 lbs 2 00 §95c 14. Fire-crackers, to store in warehouse 25 00 §82 15. Fire-works: to manufacture and store 100 00 §79 to store and sell, at any one time : wholesale market value of $1,500 25 00 §80 of wholesale market value of $500 10 00 §81 16. Fuel oil, storage and use of 5 bbls. to 50 bbls 5 00 §95 over 50 bbls. to 100 bbls 10 00 New over 100 bbls 25 00 New fl7. Garage, to maintain and operate : Storage — one gasoline storage tank, where the garage con- tains not more than two motor vehicles 5 00 New One gasoline storage tank, where the garage contains more than two but not more than four motor vehicles.. 10 00 New One gasoline storage tank, where the garage contains more than four but not more than six motor vehicles.. 15 00 New ♦Source of provision. f Amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916; further amended by ord. effective May 22, 1917. 241 CHAP. 10, ART. 3, SEC. 43 Class of Permits. Annual Fee. *0. R. fl7. Garage, to maintain and operate: Storage — one gasoline storage tank, where the garage contains more than six motor vehicles Each additional gasoline storage tank Non-storage — where the garage contains not more than four motor vehicles Each additional motor vehicle But in no case shall the maximum fee for a permit to maintain and operate a non-storage garage exceed $25. Subject, however, to the provisions of subdivision 2, of section 150 of this chapter. The unit capacity of storage tanks for purposes of fee shall be 275 gallons, or major portion thereof. The fee for a permit for a one-story garage, divided into individual stalls or compartments, storing one or more mo- tor vehicles, or for a number of individual garages erected on the same plot of ground, in cases where a person con- tinuously in charge of the premises has and can give access to all compartments, shall be based on the total number of motor vehicles, or buried tanks, as provided for in non- storage or storage garages in this section. 18. Gas fixtures, manufacturers of, when applications do not ex- ceed 3 carboys nitric acid, 3 carboys muriatic acid, 3 car- boys oil of vitriol, 6 bags of sawdust, 6 bales excelsior, 5 gals, alcohol, 5 gals, benzine, 10 gals, lacquer, 10 gals, turpentine 19. Gases: to generate and compress acetylene and other combustible gases, including storage of necessary carbide same, pressure not to exceed 15 lbs. to sq. in to generate and compress non-combustible to store, and sell gases compressed to a pressure exceed- ing 15 lbs. to the square inch in quantities greater than those specified in §211, subdivision 1 to store and use in quantities greater than those specified in §211, subdivision 1 to store tanks or cylinders of acetylene, not exceeding 2,500 cu. ft to use oxygen in blow-pipe with combustible gas 20. Hydro-carbon and other coal-tar products: to distill, handle and transport 21. Inflammable mixtures: to manufacture except where no volatile inflammable oil or inflammable coal-tar product is stored on the premises to store, sell or use in excess of 250 gals from 50 to 250 gals for quantities not exceeding 50 gals 25 00 New 10 00 New 5 00 New 2 00 New 2 00 New 50 00 §109 5 00 §111 25 00 §110 10 00 §110 5 00 §110 5 00 §112 5 00 §113 100 00 §91 50 00 §96 10 00 §96 10 00 §97 5 00 §97 2 00 §97 ♦Source of provision. fAmended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916; further amended by ord. effective May 22, 1917. 242 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. Class of Permits. Annual Fee. *0. R. 22. Inflammable motion picture films, to store : 5 reels, 5,000 feet, to 10 reels, 10,000 feet 10 00 §116 10 reels, 10,000 feet, to 30 reels, 30,000 feet 25 00 §116 30 reels, 30,000 feet, to 100 reels, 100,000 feet 50 00 §116 100 reels, 100,000 feet, to 150 reels, 150,000 feet 75 00 §116 150 reels, 150,000 feet, and over 100 00 §116 to conduct motion picture studio, separate from a manu- facturing and developing plant 25 00 New to print and develop 100 00 New 23. Kerosene and other illuminating oils, to store and sell in quantities not exceeding 275 gals 10 00 §95 24. Liquors, spirits or alcohols, to manufacture, distill, rectify or store 10 00 §117 25. Machine oils, lubricating and other heavy oils, to store and sell, over 5 bbls 10 00 §95b 26. Matches: to manufacture 25 00 §86 to store and sell, less than 500 matchman’s gross y . .. 5 00 §87 less than 5,000 matchman’s gross 10 00 §88 more than 5,000 matchman’s gross 50 00 §89 26a. Motor cycle repair shop or storage place, or both 5 00 New (Added Feb. 20, 1917; to take effect Jan. 1, 1918.) 27. Motor-vehicle repair-shop, to maintain and operate 10 00 §102 for storing volatile inflammable oils for each tank of 275 gals, or less, an additional fee of 15 00 §102 28. Nickel plating establishment, when applications do not ex- ceed 5 carboys of nitric acid, 5 carboys of oil of vitriol, 5 carboys of ammonia, 5 carboys of muriatic acid 2 00 New 29. Nitro-cellulose products: to store and use in manufacture, 100 lbs. or more 50 00 §114 less than 100 lbs 10 00 §114 to collect, transport or store scraps of 5 00 §115 30. Oils and fats, to store 10 00 §118 31. Paints, varnishes or lacquers: to manufacture, mix or compound, generally 50 00 §105 paints only 25 00 §105 to store and sell, 500 gals, or more 25 00 §106 100 to 500 gals 10 00 §106 less than 100 gals 2 00 §106 to store and use, 500 gals, or more 10 00 §106 100 to 500 gals 5 00 §106 20 to 100 gals 2 00 §106 32. Petroleum, to refine and distill 300 00 §90 33. Petroleum, shale oil and the liquid products thereof and of coal tar: to store in a storage plant, volatile inflammable oils in quantities not exceeding 1,650 gallons, or other oils not exceeding 3,300 gallons 25 00 §92 ♦Source of provision. 243 CHAP. 10. ART. 3 , SECS. 44, 45. Class of Permits. Annual Fee. *0. R. 35. Petroleum, shale oil and the liquid products thereof and of coal tar: to store in a storage plant, other oils, 3,300 gallons to 10.000 gallons, an additional fee of 10 00 §92 volatile inflammable oils or other oils in excess of above amounts 100 00 §92 to store and sell. not over 550 gallons 20 00 §94 at retail, not over 100 gals 10 00 §94 to use for construction work on streets or buildings under construction 2 00 New 34. Photo-engravers, when applications do not exceed 15 carboys of nitric acid, 5 carboys acetic acid, 2 bbls. wood alcohol, 10 gals, of turpentine, 15 gals, ether, 5 gals, benzole, 5 gals, benzine, 15 gals, collodion, 15 carboys muriatic acid, 10 gals, high proof spirits, 2 gals, rubber cement, 2 pounds soluble cotton 5 00 New 35. Refrigerating plants: capacity of 10 tons or less 5 00 New capacity of 10 tons to 50 tons 10 00 New capacity of over 50 tons 20 00 New Except as above provided, fees for permits shall be fixed by the fire commissioner. 36. Rubber cement (}/ 2 gal. benzine to be permitted to be stored as a solvent) not to exceed 5 gals 1 00 New 37. Technical establishment, to operate and maintain 25 00 §119 138. Volatile inflammable oils: to store and sell to motor boats, not over 10,000 gals 25 00 New in approved buried system, used to fill fuel tanks of motor vehicles owned by the owner of such system which are stored on other premises 10 00 New to store and use, not more than 10 gals 2 00 New more than 10 gals, and less than 55 gals 5 00 New to store and use in dry-cleaning or dry-dyeing plant : 275 gals, or over 50 00 New 70 to 275 gals 20 00 New not exceeding 70 gals 10 00 New to store and sell at an oil selling station up to 550 gals... 20 00 New each additional unit of 275 gals, or portion thereof.... 10 00 New ♦Source of provision. fAmended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916. §44. Fees for special permits. For a special permit the applicant shall pay the fee fixed by the fire commis- sioner at the time of authorizing the permit. (O. R. §64.) §45. No charitable institution in the City of New York which serves the public free of charge shall be required to pay any fees for any permit required under the provisions of this chapter of the Code of Ordinances, provided the article, thing, substance or compound for which the permit is issued is owned and used by such institution for charitable purposes. (Added by ord. effective Dec. 26, 1916 ; and by ord. effective May 22, 1917.) 244 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. ARTICLE 4. Manufacture, Storage, Sale, Transportation and Use of Explosives. Section 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66 . 67. 68 . 69. Manufacture prohibited. Storage, sale, transportation, use or possession of explosives, gen- erally. Packing and marking. Magazines. Delivery by vehicles. Vessels carrying explosives. Report of deliveries. Blasting caps. Black powder, blasting powder or smokeless powder. Use; blasting. §60. Manufacture prohibited. No person shall manufacture electric fuses, safety fuses, blasting caps or ex- plosives in the city (O. R., §§125, 190, 201 ; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) §61. Storage, sale, transportation, use or possession of explosives, generally. 1. Permit. No person shall transport, store, sell, deliver, use or have in pos- session any explosive without a permit. But no permit shall be granted to any per- son other than a citizen of the United States. (Amended by ord. effective May 22, 1917.) 2. Gun-cotton and soluble cotton. No person shall transport, store or sell any gun-cotton or soluble cotton except in water-tight metal vessels, containing no more than 10 pounds, dry weight, and at least 20 per cent, of water. (O. R., §133; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 3. Nitro-glycerine. No person shall transport, store, keep, sell, deliver, use or have in his possession any liquid nitro-glycerine, nor shall any person store, trans- port or use between, November 1st and March 15th, any explosive which will freeze or deteriorate at a temperature higher than 10° above zero F. ; provided, that permits may be issued for the transportation and sale of nitro-glycerine in the form of tablets, pills or granules, in quantities not exceeding 10,000 pieces, containing no more than 1/50 of a grain each. No explosives containing nitro-glycerine, and not intended for use within the city, shall be stored or kept therein or landed at or upon any dock, pier or bulkhead thereof, except as prescribed by the fire commissioner. (O. R., §§125, 131, 134, 140; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 4. Transportation or delivery. No person shall transport or deliver any explo- sive between sunset and sunrise, nor in a completed tunnel or subway under land or waters, or in or upon any public conveyance, nor shall any explosive be transported through, in or upon any street, except in the manner provided in §64 of this chapter. (O. R, §§138-140.) 5. Supervision. No person shall bring into the city, nor transport, store, deliver or use any explosive therein unless same shall be continually under the care and supervision of one or more persons, each holding a certificate of fitness. (O. R., §132.) 6. Unapproved kinds, types or brands. No permit shall be issued for the bring- ing into the city or for the transportation, storage, sale or use therein, of any explo- sive which is not of a type, kind or brand that has been examined, tested and approved by the fire commissioner. (O. R., §127.) §62. Packing and marking. No person shall sell or deliver for use any explosive except in original and un- broken packages, and when packed as follows : 245 CHAP. 10, ART. 4, SEC. 63. 1. Dynamite and other blasting compounds containing a liquid which may exude — in strong wooden cases, lined with a liquid-proof paper lining sufficient to prevent the exudation of the liquid. Such cases shall be of 2 sizes only — to contain 50 pounds and 25 pounds of explosives, respectively; (O. R., §135a.) 2. Other blasting compounds ( except black and smokeless powder ) which do not contain a substance subject to deleterious influences by exposure to moisture — in strong wooden cases, of 2 sizes only — to contain 50 pounds and 25 pounds of explos- ives, respectively; (O. R., §135b.) 3. Sticks or cartridges. All explosives put up in the form of sticks or cartridges shall be packed so as to lie on their sides ; and, when the boxes are loaded in or upon a wagon, tender, lighter or vessel, they shall be so arranged that the sticks or cartridges rest on their sides; (O. R., §136.) 4. Marking. All packages containing explosives for transportation, storage, sale or use shall bear the name and brand of the explosives and the name of the manufac- turer, and shall have plainly marked on the top and on one end or side thereof the words, “HIGH EXPLOSIVES — DANGEROUS ” ; and shall also have plainly marked on the top thereof the words, “THIS SIDE UP.” (O. R., §137.) §63. Magazines. 1. Permit. No person shall store or keep explosives, except in a magazine for which a permit shall have been issued. (O. R., §161.) 2. Special Permit. A special permit shall be required for the storage of ex- plosives in a magazine of either the first or second class, as classified in subdivision 4 of this section, and the fire commissioner may at any time require the holder of such special permit to change the location of such magazine, or establish a new one in another location. (O. R., §162.) 3. Posting permit. The permit issued for any magazine shall at all times be kept in the magazine and readily accessible for inspection. (O. R., §177 ; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 4. Classification. There shall be 5 classes of magazines, namely: (a) 1st class, to contain not more than 1,000 pounds of explosives each; (b) 2d class, to contain not more than 500 pounds of explosives each ; (c) 3d class, to contain not more than 250 pounds of explosives each; (d) 4th class, to contain not more than 100 pounds of explosives each; (e) 5th class, to contain not more than 25 pounds of explosives each. (O. R., §164.) 5. Construction. All magazines and the barricades surrounding them when re- quired, shall be constructed in accordance with plans and specifications prescribed therefor by the fire commissioner. (O. R., §165; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 6. Danger area. A danger area shall be maintained around each magazine in proportion to the quantity of explosives contained therein. The magazine keeper shall maintain such area clean and free from rubbish, dead grass, shrubbery and other obstructions, and prevent persons from loitering therein. (O. R., §170; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 7. (Repealed by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 8. Magazine keepers. No persons holding a magazine permit shall store or keep explosives therein unless a person holding a certificate of fitness as a magazine keeper be continuously in charge thereof; provided, that a person holding a certificate of fitness as a blaster may also act as a magazine keeper for a magazine of the 5th class, under a special permit of the fire commissioner. He shall keep an accurate daily record of all explosives received at or delivered from the magazine under his charge, which shall sho^v in detail how the explosives have been used or otherwise 246 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. disposed of, and shall at all times be open to inspection by any inspector or member of the fire department. He shall first deliver from the magazine such explosives as have been longest therein. All magazines shall be kept locked, except when being inspected or when explosives are being placed therein or removed therefrom ; and the magazine keeper shall at all times have the key thereof in his possession. He must care for and protect the magazine and its contents from interference by unauthorized persons, and he must be constantly on the lookout for signs which would indicate leakage of nitro-glycerine from explosives under his charge, and all explosives in such condition must be the next used. A magazine keeper shall not be required to perform any service that will in any way interfere with his duties as set forth in this article. (O. R., §§167, 169, 172; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 9. Management. A magazine shall at all times be kept clean and dry and free from grit; and before any repairs or alterations are made to any part thereof all explosives shall be carefully removed to a place of safety and the magazine thoroughly washed out. In case a magazine floor becomes stained with nitro-glycerine, it shall be well scrubbed with a stiff broom, hard brush or mop. using a solution of gallon of wood alcohol and 2 pounds of sulphide of sodium so as to thoroughly decompose the nitro-glycerine. All tools used in making such repairs or alterations shall be of wood or of copper, brass or other soft metal or material. In no case shall nails or screws be driven into a magazine in making repairs or alterations, nor into any material that has once formed a part thereof; and all wooden structural parts of a magazine, if discharged, shall be immediately burned at a safe distance therefrom. No person shall store, place or keep any clothing, cotton waste or other article or thing in a magazine containing explosives, except a wooden mallet and a wooden wedge for the purpose of opening boxes of explosives, which shall be opened only with such implements. Magazine keepers and all other persons handling, storing or transporting explosives are prohibited from carrying matches or permitting matches to be brought to or near the place where explosives are handled, stored or transported. (O. R., §166; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 10. Marking explosives. Each contractor holding a permit for blasting, before placing explosives in a magazine, shall require each stick or container of such explosives to be plainly labelled or marked with a magazine number of identification, to be furnished by the fire commissioner. No person, not holding a certificate of fitness as a blaster or a magazine keeper, shall use or have in his possession any explosives not marked with the identification number as above provided. All unmarked explosives found in the possession of a contractor or any other person, except the manufacturer thereof or his agent, may be confiscated, seized, condemned and destroyed by the fire commissioner. (O. R., §173.) * 11 . 12. Storage restrictions. No person shall (a) Place, keep or store in a magazine explosives in excess of the amount stated in the permit therefor, except by special permission of the fire commissioner. (b) Place, keep or store black powder, blasting powder or smokeless powder in a magazine containing any other explosive, or in a magazine containing blasting caps, detonators or electric fuses; (c) Place, keep or store in, or bring within 100 feet of a magazine of the 1st, 2d, 3d or 4th class containing explosives, black powder, blasting powder or smokeless powder, any blasting cap, capped cartridge, detonator, or any 'other article or thing that is likely to cause an explosion by friction, shock, heat or otherwise, or place or store dynamite or any other high explosive in any magazine which has previously contained black or blasting powder, without first obtaining the express permission of the fire commissioner. 247 CHAP. 10 , ART . 4, SECS'. 64, 65. (d) Cap a cartridge within a radius of 100 feet of a magazine (except magazines of the fifth class), nor cap more cartridges than necessary for immediate use. (O. R., §§173-175, 178; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) §64. Delivery by vehicle. 1. Permit. No person shall carry or transport explosives through the streets except in a vehicle propelled by animal or electrical power, constructed and equipped in conformity with specifications approved by the fire commissioner, for which a permit shall have been issued. (O. R., §141 ; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 2. (Repealed by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 3. Drivers. Each such vehicle shall be continuously in charge of two competent persons, each holding a certificate of fitness as a handler of explosives, and no other person shall be allowed in or upon such vehicle. No person in charge of a vehicle containing explosives shall smoke in or upon such vehicle ; nor drive, load or unload the vehicle while intoxicated or in a careless or reckless manner. (O. R., §§146, 147; amended by ord. effective May 25. 1915.) 4. Exploders. No person shall place or carry in or upon a vehicle, containing explosives, any exploders, detonators, blasting caps, or other explosive material, nor carry in or upon such vehicle any matches, metal tool or piece of metal or any mechanical device for producing a spark or flame. (O. R., §§148, 150.) 5. Flag. Each such vehicle shall display upon an erect pole on the front end thereof, and at such height that it may be visible from all directions, a red flag with the word DANGER painted, stamped or sewn thereon in white letters. Each flag shall be at least 18 inches by 30 inches in size, and the letters thereon shall be at least 12 iriches in height. (O. R.. §144.) 6. Interference with. No person shall interfere with or molest a vehicle con- taining explosives, or the horses, or the person in charge thereof. (O. R., §149.) 7. Load limit. No person shall carry or transport in or upon such a vehicle any explosives in excess of 1,000 pounds. (O. R.. §152.) 8. Original packages. No person in charge of a vehicle carrying explosives shall deliver them except in original and unbroken packages, nor at any place other than a duly authorized magazine and to the person in charge thereof. (O. R., §153.) 9. Painted Vermillion. Each such vehicle shall be painted vermillion, and shall have painted on its sides and back, in easily legible white letters, at least 12 inches high, the word EXPLOSIVES, and in smaller letters and figures the name of the owner and the number of the permit. (O. R., §143.) 10. Route. No vehicle containing explosives shall be driven, for more than 1 city block, along any street in the city over which there is an elevated railroad or under which there is a tunnel or subway for the transportation of passengers or freight, nor through a crowded street. Each vehicle shall be propelled by animal or electric power, amply sufficient to haul the load, and no unnecessary stops shall be made in transit. All vehicles containing explosives, proceeding in the same direction, shall maintain a distance between them of 1 city block. No explosives shall be transported over or upon any bridge connecting the borough of Brooklyn or the borough of Queens with the borough of Manhattan. O. R., §§145. 151, amended by ords. effective May 25, 1915.) §65. Vessels carrying explosives. 1. Generally. The commander, owner or owners of any vessel arriving in the port of New York, carrying explosives or explosive material in excess of the amount required for the ships’ own use for signalling and life saving purposes, shall, before approaching nearer than 1,000 feet to any pier line of the city, obtain a permit therefor from the fire commissioner. The retention for more than 48 hours on board of any 248 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. ship lying at a dock, pier or bulkhead within the city of any explosives, or explosive material, in excess of the amount required for the ship’s own use for signalling or life saving purposes, is prohibited. (C. O., §428, amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 2. Powder-boats. No person shall transport explosives upon the water within the city for delivery at a dock, pier or bulkhead, or to a vessel lying thereto, except in a lighter, tender or other vessel, for which a permit shall have been issued. Each such vessel shall, while carrying explosives, have continuously on board thereof 2 com- petent persons, each holding a certificate of fitness as a handler of explosives, 1 of whom shall be the commander of the vessel; and no person other than the holder of a permit issued under §61 of this chapter and the necessary crew shall be allowed in or upon such vessel. Whenever practicable, all explosives shall be stowed on deck and properly covered with a tarpaulin. (O. R., §154, 157, 158.) 3. Blasting caps. No person having charge of a vessel carrying explosives within the city shall also carry in or upon such vessel, at the same time, any electric fuse, blasting caps, detonators, or other exploders. (O. R., §157.) 4. Landing. No person shall land or place explosives upon a dock, pier, bulk- head, or other landing place. Explosives intended for use within the city shall be transferred from the vessel making the delivery directly to a vehicle for transporting explosives, at the docks or piers designated by the fire commissioner, for which a permit has been issued under §61 of this chapter. Explosives intended for shipment to points outside the city may be transferred from a vessel directly to another vessel lying at a city dock or pier designated by the fire commissioner, provided the amount so transferred does not exceed 2,500 pounds. All such shipments, in excess of 2,500 pounds and not exceeding 5,000 pounds, must be transferred from vessel to vessel at a distance of not less than 1,000 feet from any pier-line. (O. R., §155, 156; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 5. Precautions. No person shall smoke while in or upon any vessel carrying explosives ; nor carry therein or thereon any matches, other than safety matches, nor allow in or upon such vessel, any intoxicated person. (O. R., §159.) §66. Report of deliveries. No holder of a permit under §61 or §64 of this chapter shall deliver explosives to any person, firm or corporation not holding a permit from the fire commissioner. Each holder of such a permit shall file with the commissioner, before 10 a. m. of each business day, a written statement, under oath, of all deliveries of explosives made by him on the preceding day, which shall contain the following information : (a) Name and address of person to whom delivered; (b) Date of delivery; (c) Location of magazine where delivered; (d) Name of person having charge of the magazine at which delivery was made; (e) Number of pounds, name or brand, and character of explosives delivered at each magazine. (O. R., §160, amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) §67. Blasting caps. 1. Permits to transport , store and sell. No person shall transport, store and sell any electric fuses, safety fuses or blasting caps without a permit. (O. R., §191.) 2. Storage. No person shall bring into, transport, store, sell or deliver within the city any blasting caps, except when packed in tin boxes containing not more than 100 caps each. No holder of a permit for the storage and use of explosives issued in conformity with this chapter shall be allowed to store or keep more than 1,000 blasting caps without a permit therefor; and blasting caps, in whatever quantity, shall be 249 CHAP. 10, ART. 4, SEC. 68. kept in a separate magazine at least 100 feet distant from any magazine containing explosives. (O. R., §§198, 199, amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 3. Delivery wagons. No person shall transport or carry through the streets any electric blasting caps in excess of 5,000, nor shall the same be carried in any other than a duly authorized vehicle, which shall comply with all the requirements governing vehicles for the transportation of explosives. No person shall place or carry or cause to be placed or carried, in or upon any vehicle containing electric fuses or blasting caps, any other explosive. (O. R., §§194, 195; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 4. Magazines. All magazines for which permits are issued for the storage of blasting caps shall be deemed to be magazines of the first class, and shall comply with all requirements governing magazines of that class. Such magazines shall not be permitted to contain more than 20,000 blasting caps, and each such magazine shall be continuously under the care of a person holding a certificate of fitness as a maga- zine keeper. (O. R., §193; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 5. Packing. No person shall bring into, store, sell or transport within the city electric blasting caps except in cartons containing not more than 50 each; and, when packed in shipping cases, such cases shall contain not more than 500 caps. No person shall sell and deliver for usg any electric fuses except in original and unbroken cartons containing not more than 50 fuses each. (O. R., §§196, 197; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 6. Warning. Each shipping case or package containing electric fuses or blasting caps shall bear on one side thereof the name and ‘address of the manufacturer, and shall have plainly marked on 2 sides thereof the words BLASTING CAPS — HANDLE CAREFULLY. DO NOT STORE OR LOAD WITH ANY EXPLOSIVE. (O. R., § 200 .) §68. Black powder, blasting powder or smokeless powder. 1. Permit. No person shall transport, store or sell any black powder, blasting powder or smokeless powder without a permit. (O. R., §202; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 2. Magazines. A magazine permit for the storage of any such powder, in quan- tities aggregating not more than 250 pounds, may be issued, but no such permit shall be issued unless the fire commissioner shall have approved its location and construction. All such magazines shall be maintained in conformity with the requirements of this chapter concerning magazines for the storage of explosives. (O. R., §§203, 204.) 3. Outside exposure. No person shall expose any such powder on the outside of any building or in any window or door thereof. (O. R.. §207.) 4. Packing. All such powder stored in magazines or when transported within the city shall be packed in strong wooden, fiber or metallic cans or canisters, containing not more than 25 pounds each. (O. R., §208.) 5. Small supplies. A permit may be issued for the storage of any such powder in quantities aggregating not more than 14 pounds, provided it be stored in a receptacle so placed that it can be flooded from the exterior of the building, or in a metal receptacle, properly locked and on wheels, plainly marked “Gunpowder," and located not more than 10 feet from and directly opposite the entrance nearest the street level. (O. R., §205.) 6. Restrictions. No permit shall be issued for the storage and sale of black powder, blasting powder or smokeless powder in any building. (a) Which is occupied as a tenement house, dwelling, school or theatre or other place of public amusement or assembly; (b) Which is of wooden construction (except authorized magazines) ; 250 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. (c) Where the premises covered by the permit are lighted by any means other than electricity; (d) Where cigars, cigarettes or tobaccos are kept for sale; (e) Where paints, varnishes or lacquers are manufactured, stored or kept for sale; (f) Where matches, rosin, turpentine, petroleum or any liquid product thereof, hemp, cotton, fireworks, or other articles of a highly inflammable or combustible nature are manufactured, stored or kept for sale. (O. R., §206.) §69. Use; blasting. 1. Quantity of explosive. No person shall use in a blasting operation a quan- tity of explosives greater than necessary properly to start the rock; but the inspector of blasting shall have authority to prescribe the maximum quantity of explosives to be used. (O. R., §179.) 2. Covering blasts. Immediately after loading and tamping the hole, and before firing the blast, the rock to be blasted shall be covered on all exposed sides with a strong woven matting of rope or wire at least 1^4 inches in diameter, and at least 12 timbers, each 10 feet long and 10 inches in smallest diameter, held securely together by chains or by iron or steel cables at least % of an inch in diameter. After the rock has been thus covered, the blast shall be fired without unnecessary delay. The inspector of blasting shall have authority to prescribe the amount and manner of application of the protective covering, to be placed over blasts situated on the perpendicular or diagonal side of a rock and over blasts for ditch-work, block-holes, manholes, pole- holes, electric wire subways, sewer and gas connections, gas and water-mains. The provisions of this subdivision shall not apply to blasting operations in a tunnel or subway, when the blast is situated more than 100 feet from the mouth or opening to the tunnel and at least 10 feet below, the outer surface of the rock. (O. R., §§179, 184, 185 ; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 3. Firing. No person shall explode a blasting charge by means of time, slow- burning or safety fuse, nor by any means other than some form of electrical appara- tus. At least 3 minutes before firing a blast, the blaster shall give warning thereof by causing a competent man, carrying a red flag, to be stationed at reasonable distance from the blast at each avenue of approach or point of danger. In tunnel or subway work, the blaster himself shall be the last man to leave the job after the loading is completed and the wires are connected, and the blaster only shall be permitted to throw in the electric switch to fire the blast. After the shot, the blasting wires shall be immediately disconnected from the switch, and the blaster, when returning to see the effect of the shot, sjiall also disconnect the lead wires, at least 200 feet from the face of the tunnel, and shall restore such connections only when all the men have left the face of the tunnel after loading. A firing box or electric switch shall be placed on the firing line side of the tunnel, and shall always be kept locked, except when pulling the switch. The connection between this box and the lines leading to the firing and electric light circuits shall be broken after each shot, and it shall be the duty of the certified blaster to see that this is done. The connection with lines used for lighting shall not be permanent, but before each shot the lead wires shall be carried across the tunnel from the shooting line to the electric light circuit. When a heading is to be fired, only the cut holes and lifting holes are allowed to be loaded. The cut holes must be fired first. No heading is allowed to be fully loaded and fired at the same time. In open work, the blaster may direct an assistant to pull the battery when he is assured that all proper preparations have been made and precautions taken for firing the blast. If an electric circuit is used for firing, the lead wires must be placed on the opposite side of the excavation from the wires used for lighting, and both lines of wire must be properly insulated. 251 CHAP. 10, ART. 4, SEC. 69. All electric apparatus of whatever nature used in blasting operations shall be kept locked and under the direct personal charge of the blaster. Where 2 or more blasters are employed on the same job, each blaster shall sign with the magazine keeper for the amount of explosives removed, and the time when taken, and shall be responsible both for all the explosives used by him and for the prompt return to the magazine of any explosives not immediately used on the job. (O. R., §§181, 182, 186; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 4. Hours. No person shall conduct blasting operations within the city between the hours of 7 o’clock p. m. and 7 o’clock a. m., nor at any time on Sunday, except under authority of a special permit. (O. R., §189.) 5. Shoring. The blasting of rock contiguous to any structure shall be so con- ducted as not to cause damage thereto ; and, to this end, weak walls or other supports shall be shored up, and rotten or decomposed rock shall be removed, only by the use of gads, picks or crowbars. When blasting in the vicinity of a weak structure is unavoidable, only light face blasts, with short lines of resistance and small charges, shall be used. (O. R., §180.) 6. Tamping. Blasting charges shall be tamped only by means of wooden tamping rods, and explosives shall be pressed or set into place by steady, even pressure only. All strokes or blows with the tamping rod are forbidden, and no tamping rod shall be used which is frayed or split at the end. (O. R., §183; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 7. Unexploded charge. Immediately after firing the blast, the blaster shall cause all debris to be removed, and shall thoroughly examine the rock and the drill holes to ascertain whether there remains any unexploded charge, and, until this is done, no drills shall be set up. In case a charge should fail to explode, and the direction of its bore hole can be positively determined, the old charge may be exploded by drilling a single hole at least 12 inches distant from and parallel with it, which latter hole Shall then be loaded and fired in the manner prescribed for any other bore hole. In case the direction of the bore hole cannot be positively determined, then, by order of and under the direct supervision of the superintendent or walking boss only, the tamp- ing may be cautiously removed by a licensed blaster, down to a point near the explosive, by the use of a metal scraper or an air blowpipe, after which the partially emptied hole shall be loaded with a small starting charge and detonated in the usual manner. While this work is being done, all persons except the licensed blaster, or the superintendent or walking boss, shall retire to a safe distance. In no case shall a charge which has failed to explode be drawn or otherwise removed from the blasting hole without the express permission of the fire commissioner. In case a blast shall fail to carry away the entire drill hole, and leaves the lower part intact, no further drilling shall be done in that hole. (O. R., §§187, 188; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 8. Blasters' helpers. No person shall load holes in blasting operations except a person holding a certificate of fitness, provided, however, that while holes are being actually loaded, drillers and drill-helpers may act as blasters’ helpers under the direct supervision and responsibility of the blaster. (Added by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 9. Small blasting jobs. A contractor for a small blasting job, who holds a cer- tificate of fitness as a blaster and has filed a bond in the penal sum of $5,000, con- ditioned as required in §58, may, upon receiving the expressed permission of the fire commissioner, obtain a sufficient quantity of explosives for the blast (in no case ex- ceeding 5 pounds) trom a magazine not more than 1,500 feet from his job, and may carry them to such job in a manner satisfactory to the fire commissioner and may load and shoot the holes as provided by these regulations. All explosives not used in the blast shall be immediately returned to the magazine from which obtained. (As amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 252 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. ARTICLE 5. Ammunition. Section 80. Manufacturing; loading. 81. Storage and sale. §80. Manufacturing; loading. No person shall manufacture, or load ammunition by power machinery. A special permit may be issued to a person holding a permit for the storage and sale of ammuni- tion, authorizing the loading of small arms ammunition by hand. (O. R., §§210, 211.) §81. Storage and sale. 1. Permit. No person shall store, sell or offer for sale any ammunition in excess of 200 small arm cartridges without a permit. (O. R., §212; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 2. Blanks for artillery. Holders of permits issued under this section may store a limited number of blank shells or cartridges to be used in cannon for saluting pur- poses ; the number to be so stored shall be fixed by the fire commissioner in each case, and shall be stated in the permit. (O. R., §216.) 3. Quantities. The fire commissioner may fix the maximum quantity of ammuni- tion to be stored in any premises for which a permit is applied, and the quantity so fixed shall be stated in the permit ; but no permit shall be issued for the storage of ammunition in quantities greater than the following: 300.000 loaded shells containing shot, for shotguns not exceeding No. 8 gauge; 2,500,000 cartridges for pistols ; 500.000 cartridges for rifles of a caliber not larger than .45 of an inch; 10,000 cartridges for rifles of a caliber not larger than .50 of an inch. 5,000 cartridges for rifles of a caliber between .50 of an inch and .58 of an inch; 5,000 blank cartridges of a caliber not larger than .45 of an inch : 3.000. 000 primers for central fire ammunition ; 6.000. 000 percussion caps, or primers, without anvils. (O. R., §215.) 4. Restriction. No permit for the storage and sale of ammunition in excess of 200 small arms cartridges shall be issued for any premises — (a) Which are occupied as a tenement house, school, theatre or other place of public amusement or assembly, excepting armories of the National Guard: (b) Which are used as a drug store, paint store, pawn shop or stationery store; (c) Where cigars, cigarettes or tobaccos are stored or kept for sale : (d) Where liquors are sold; (e) Where other materials of a highly inflammable nature are manufactured, stored or kept for sale, but this restriction shall not apply to a person duly authorized to keep and sell gun-powder ; (f) Where fireworks are manufactured, stored or sold. (O. R., §214; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 5. Theatrical use. No permit shall be issued for the use of blank cartridges, except in connection with performances in duly authorized theatres or places of public amusement, or for saluting purposes, as provided in subdivision 2 of this section. (O. R., §217.) 6. Window displays. No holder of a permit for the storage and sale of ammuni- tion shall store or exhibit in the windows or doors of the premises covered by the permit any cartridges or shells containing explosives. (O. R., §218.) 253 CHAP. 10, ART . 6, SEC. 90. ARTICLE 6. Section 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. Fireworks. Manufacture. Signal lights. Storage, sale and transportation. Prohibited types. Prohibited, except for export. Discharge of fireworks. §90. Manufacture. 1. Permit. No person shall manufacture any fireworks in the city without a permit. (O. R., §220.) 2. Conditions. Such a permit may be issued upon the following conditions: a. The manufactory shall not be situated nearer than 200 feet to any build- ing not used in connection with such manufacture, or to any street, and not nearer than 50 feet to any building used for the storage of explosives or fireworks, nor nearer than 25 feet to any other building within the factory enclosure; b. Premises where fireworks are manufactured shall be enclosed on all sides by a substantial fence, and all openings to such enclosure shall be fitted with suitable gates, which, when not locked, shall be in charge of a competent watchman, who shall have charge of the manufactory when it is not in active operation ; c. Premises where fireworks are manufactured shall have at least 3 fire hydrants placed in different parts of the enclosure, connected to an adequate supply of water under pressure, the hose to be sufficient to reach all parts of the buildings within the enclosure, and there shall at all times be kept, within a distance of 5 feet of each building inside such enclosure, at least 6 10-quart buckets, full of water, and at least 6 10-quart buckets full of sand; (Amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) d. The manufactory shall at all times be supplied with adequate means of communication with the fire department, such as a telephone or fire alarm boxes, and shall be lighted only by incandescent electric lights ; e. A building used for the storage of explosives or for the storage of finished fireworks shall not be situated nearer than 300 feet to any building not used in connection with the manufacture of fireworks, or to any street. (O. R., §223.) 3. Packing. Torpedoes must be packed with sawdust in paper cartons, and these packed in wooden shipping cases; but no shipping case shall contain more than 1,000 torpedoes. Fireworks having fuses attached or inserted shall be packed in such manner that the fuses shall all point in the same direction, and the label shall be attached to the end of the package opposite the fuse. (O. R., §§228, 229.) 4. Restrictions. No person shall manufacture within the city of New York any of the following articles ; (a) Fireworks containing chlorates (except chlorate of potash and chlorate of barium), picrates, fulminates or any high explosive; (b) Fireworks containing chlorate and sulphur in admixture ; (c) Railroad track torpedoes; (d) Flashlight compositions; (e) Picrates or fulminates ; (f) Fireworks whistles; (g) Explosive marbles; (h) Blank cartridges ; (i) Fireworks with match-head or self-lighting ends, except ship signals; (j) Fireworks containing red or white phosphorus; (k) Compounds used for detonating purposes, primers, or electrical fuses, or any composition used to obtain audible or visible effects by combustion, explosion or 254 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. detonation in cannon, machine or rapid-fire guns; shells, torpedoes or war rockets. (O. R., §226.) 5. Supervision. All premises where fireworks are manufactured shall, while in operation, be continuously under the charge and supervision of one or more persons, each holding a certificate of fitness as a superintendent or manager of a fireworks factory. (O. R., §227.) §91. Signal lights. The manufacture of railroad and ship signal lights, signal compositions, and rockets shall be governed by the same regulations as govern the manufacture of fireworks. (O. R., §225.) §92. Storage, sale and transportation. 1. Certificates of registration. No person shall transport, store or sell fireworks unless a certificate of registration of the name of the manufacturer thereof shall have been issued ; provided, however, that certificates of registration shall not be required for fireworks manufactured under a permit issued in conformity with §90 of this article. (O. R., §230.) 2. Permit. No person shall store or sell fireworks without a permit. (O. R., § 220 .) 3. Restrictions. No permit under this section shall be issued for any premises (a) Which are occupied as a tenement house, school, workshop, factory, theatre or other place of public amusement or assembly; (b) Which are not equipped with an approved system of automatic sprinklers; (c) Which are of wooden construction; (d) Which are artificially lighted by any means other than electricity; (e) Where cigars, cigarettes or tobaccos are kept for sale ; (f) Where paints, oils, varnishes, lacquers or inflammable liquids are manu- factured, stored or kept for sale ; (g) Where drygoods or other materials of a highly inflammable nature are manu- factured, stored or sold; (h) Where matches, rosin, turpentine, petroleum or any liquid product thereof, hemp, or explosives are manufactured, stored or kept for sale. (O. R., §232.) 4. Extinguishers. All holders of permits under this section shall keep on the premises covered by the permit, in a convenient location, at least 6 10-quart buckets of water and 6 10-quart buckets of sand, fit and ready for use in case of fire. (O. R., §233; amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) 5. Fire crackers. A permit may be issued to a person doing a general storage or warehouse business for the storage, in a duly authorized warehouse, of firecrackers composed only of sulphur, saltpeter and charcoal mixtures, and the quantity of fire- crackers to be so stored shall in each case be stated in the permit. (O. R., §244.) 6. Local transportation. No person shall carry or transport through the streets fireworks exceeding in wholesale market value the sum of $10, unless they are securely packed in spark-proof wooden or metal packages having plainly marked on the outside thereof in large legible letters the words FIREWORKS — EXPLOSIVE, but under no circumstance shall any person carry or transport fireworks in a tunnel or subway under the streets, lands or waters of the city, to which the public has access. (O. R., §§242, 243.) 7. Manufacturer’s mark. All fireworks stored or sold, except imported Chinese firecrackers, shall bear the name of the manufacturer plainly marked upon the outside of each package and shipping case. (O. R., §240.) 8. Quantities limited. No permit shall be issued for the storage and sale of fire- works in any building to an amount in excess of $1,500, wholesale market value. (O. R., §237.) 255 CHAP. 10, ART. 6, SECS. 93-95. 9. Street sales. No person shall sell or exhibit for sale any fireworks on side- walks, streets, parks, squares, bulkheads, piers or other public places. (O. R., §235.; 10. Window displays. No person shall keep, store or exhibit fireworks in the windows or doors of the premises covered by a permit for the storage and sale thereof. (O. R., §236.) §93. Prohibited types. 1. Storage, transportation or sale. No person shall store, transport or sell within the city of New York any of the following articles : (a) Fireworks containing chlorates (except chlorate of potash and chlorate of barium), picrates, fulminates or any high explosive; (b) Fireworks containing sulphur and chlorate in admixture; (c) Bombardments or mandarins made of chlorate mixtures; (d) Canes with chlorate mixtures; (e) Cartridge exploders ; (f) Fireworks known as cannon salutes; (g) Fireworks with match-head or self-lighting ends, except ship signals; (h) Fireworks containing red or white phosphorus; (i) Explosive marbles; (j) Compositions used for detonating purposes. (O. R., §238.) 2. Discharge or use. No person shall use or discharge any of the following articles : (a) Rockets or aerial salutes of any kind; (b) Fireworks containing chlorates (except chlorate of potash and chlorate of barium), picrates, fulminates or any high explosive; (c) Firecrackers longer than 5 inches or larger than Ya of an inch in diameter ; (d) Fireworks containing sulphur and chlorate in admixture; (e) Bombardments or mandarins made of chlorate mixtures; (f) Bombs and shells; (g) All fireworks known as cannon salutes ; (h) Fireworks technically known as flying pigeons, flying de\fils, whirlwinds, wheat sheaves and gattling batteries ; (i) Fireworks containing red or white phosphorus; (j) Fireworks with match heads or self-lighting ends: (k) Balloons carrying a lighted substance; (l) Cartridges of any kind, except as provided in article 5; (m) Explosive marbles; (n) Composition used for detonating purposes, except as provided for in article 4. (O. R., §249.) §94. Prohibited, except for export. No person shall store, sell or transport, except for delivery beyond the city limits, any of the following articles : (a) Rockets or aerial salutes; (b) Firecrackers longer thaxi 5 inches or larger than Ya of an inch in diameter; (c) Bombs and shells; (d) Fireworks technically known as flying pigeons, flying devils, whirlwinds, wheat sheaves, gattling batteries, and similar articles ; (e) Fireworks containing red or white phosphorus; (f) Balloons which are to be operated by a lighted substance. (O. R., §239.) §95. Discharge of fireworks. 1. Permit. No person shall use or discharge any fireworks within the city with out a permit. (O. R., §247.) 256 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. 2. July 4th exemption. No permit shall be required for the use and discharge of fireworks during a period of 24 hours covering the holiday known as the ‘‘Fourth of July,” where the quantity discharged does not exceed in wholesale market value the sum of $2. (O. R., §251.) 3. Police notification. All permits for the use and discharge of fireworks shall be issued in duplicate, and shall show the name oif the holder of the permit, the names of his employees (if any) who are to discharge the fireworks and the numbers cf their certificate of fitness (when required); the place and time of display; the quantity, kind and wholesale market value of the fireworks to be discharged, and the distance to be preserved between the place of discharge and the bystanders and nearby build- ings. One of the duplicate permits shall be filed with the commanding officer of the police precinct within which the display is to be given, and shall be evidence of the right of the person named therein to give the display. (O. R., §250.) 4. Postponement of display. In case it shall be impracticable to make the display at the time authorized in the permit, the fire commissioner may authorize such display at another time, by certification on the permit, and without exacting another fee there- for. (O. R., §255.) 5. Restrictions. No person shall discharge fireworks: a. In or upon any street which is less than 80 feet in width between the building lines ; b. Within a radius of 1,000 feet of any hospital. (O. R., §§252, 253.) 6. Displays inside theatres and other buildings. No person shall display any fireworks, flashlights, colored fire, or open lights upon the stage of any theatre or other place of public amusement or assembly without a permit. (O. R., §247; amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) 7. Supervision. No person shall use or discharge fireworks exceeding in whole- sale market value the sum of $10 without having obtained from the fire commissioner a certificate of fitness as a pyrotechnist. (O. R., §248.) ARTICLE 7. Section 100. 101 . 102 . 103. Matches. Manufacture. Transportation, storage and sale. Approved matches. White phosphorus. §100. Manufacture. 1. Permit required. No person shall manufacture any matches without a permit. (O. R., §257.) 2. Conditions. No such permit shall be issued unless the manufacturing is to be carried on in a building used exclusively for that purpose, the walls of which are con- structed of brick, stone or other fire resisting material, and artificially lighted by any means other than electricity. (O. R., §260.) §101. Transportation, storage and sale. 1. Permit required. No person shall transport, store or sell matches without a permit; but no such permit shall be required of a person holding a permit to manu- facture matches ; nor for the storage and sale in quantities aggregating, at any time, not more than 60 matchman’s gross (14,400 matches each gross). (O. R., §§257, 263, 264.) 2. Restrictions. No permit shall be issued for the storage or sale of matches within the city in quantities aggregating more than 60 matchman’s gross for any premises — 257 CHAP. 10, ART. 7, SECS. 102, 103. (a) Which are occupied as a tenement house, dwelling, school, workshop, factory, theatre or other place of public amusement or assembly; (b) Which are of wooden construction; (c) Where paints, oils, varnishes, lacquers, rosin, turpentine, petroleum or any liquid product thereof, hemp, cotton, guncotton, smokeless powder, black powder, blasting powder, fireworks, or any other explosives are manufactured, stored or kept for sale ; (d) Which are not provided with such number of fire extinguishers and pails of water as may be required by the fire commissioner. (O. R., §262.) §102. Approved matches. 1. Certificate of approval. No person shall transport, store or sell any matches for which a certificate of approval shall not have been issued. The applicant for such certificate shall deposit with the fire commissioner a sample of the matches for which approval is requested, packed in the labeled boxes or containers in which such matches are to be sold, and no such application shall include more than one kind or type of match, but several brands or names of the same kind or type of match may be included and a single certificate of approval therefor be issued. (O. R., §§265, 267, 268, amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 2. Fuzees, wind matches, afterglow. No certificate of approval shall be issued for any match of the type or kind commonly known as “fuzees” or “wind matches,” or for a match the stick of which has not been treated to a process of impregnation for the purpose of preventing an afterglow. (O. R., §272.) 3. Mark. No person shall store, transport or sell matches unless the box or container in which they are packed bears plainly marked on the outside thereof the name of the manufacturer, or in the case of matches of foreign manufacture, the name of the importer or agent, and in every case a distinctive brand or mark or name. No person shall place in a box or container marked as prescribed in this subdivision, any matches for which a certificate of approval shall not have been issued. (O. R., §§270, 273, amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 4. Packing. Not more than 1,000 matches shall be placed in a single box or container ; and, where more than 200 matches are placed in a single box or container, they shall be arranged in layers, with the heads of alternate layers pointing in the opposite direction to the heads of the matches in the layer immediately above and below. (O. R., §271.) 5. (Repealed by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) §103. White phosphorus. No person shall manufacture, transport, store or sell any matches in the manu- facture of which white phosphorus is an ingredient. (O. R., §258.) ARTICLE 8. Mineral Oils. Section 110. 111 . 112 . 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. Refining, distilling or manufacturing. Storage plants. Limited storage. Transportation and delivery. Volatile inflammable oils. Illuminating oils. Lubricating oils. Fire prevention. 258 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. §110. Refining, distilling or manufacturing. Except as otherwise provided, no person shall manufacture, refine or distill petroleum, shale oil or coal tar, or the liquid products thereof, or store, transport or use any of the foregoing without a permit; but no permit shall hereafter be issued for the erection and operation of any new plant of a similar character, except that hydro-carbon materials collected from oil separators may be distilled or refined under a special permit. (O. R., §§275, 278; amended by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) §111. Storage plants. 1. Permit required. No person shall maintain or conduct a plant for the storage of petroleum or shale oil, or the liquid products thereof, or of coal tar without a permit. (O. R-, §280.) 2. Barges. A special permit may be issued authorizing the storage of petroleum and shale oil, and the liquid products thereof, and of coal tar, in barges of steel on other approved construction, in quantities not to exceed the following: (a) Volatile inflammable oils — If in barrels or drums, 500 barrels of 55 gallons each; if in cans, 5,000 gallons; (b) Other oils — If in barrels or drums, 1,000 barrels of 55 gallons each; if in cans, 10,000 gallons. (O. R., §286.) 3. Boat supplies. Wherever the physical conditions along the shore front are such as to make it impracticable to placfe under ground a storage tank for the storage of volatile inflammable oils, to be delivered to launches and other vessels for gen- erating motive power, a special permit may be issued authorizing the storage of such oils in a tank above ground in a quantity not to exceed 10,000 gallons ; provided that such oils shall be conveyed from the storage tank to the tanks of vessels directly by a pipe line or by approved portable tanks or approved safety cans. (Amended by ord. effective Dec. 26, 1916.) 4. Drums or barrels. A special permit may be issued authorizing the storage of volatile inflammable oils, in steel drums or barrels, in a specially constructed pit of concrete, the bottom of which shall be at least 3 feet below the ground level. The quantity of such oils so stored shall not exceed 500 barrels of 55 gallons each. (O. R., §287.) 5. Tanks. All storage tanks, comprising or forming a part of an oil storage plant, shall be buried so that the tops thereof shall be at least 2 feet below the grade level. In localities where physical conditions make it impracticable to place tanks under- ground, the fire commissioner may authorize the tanks of an oil storage plant to be placed above ground. In such cases the maximum capacity of each tank above ground containing volatile inflammable oil shall be fixed by the following schedule, viz. : If distant 25 feet from line of adjoining property which may be built upon 8,000 gals. If distant 30 feet 12,000 gals. If distant 40 feet 18,000 gals. If distant 50 feet 24,000 gals. If distant 60 feet 30,000 gals. If distant 75 feet 48,000 gals. If distant 85 feet 75,000 gals. If distant 100 feet 100,000 gals. At storage plants where the tanks are above ground, the maximum capacity of each tank containing kerosene or fuel oil may be determined by doubling the above capaci- ties, but in no case shall any tank have a capacity greater than 100,000 gallons. At all storage plants all tanks above ground, including those containing volatile inflammable 259 CHAP. 10, ART. 8, SEC. 112. oil, the filling tanks, if any, and also tanks containing kerosene, shall be surrounded by a wall of concrete, forming an enclosure capable of holding the entire contents of the group of tanks enclosed therein should any tank become disrupted. The total capacity of any such group shall not exceed 250,000 gallons. To facilitate the filling, at oil storage plants, of steel barrels or drums with volatile inflammable oils and kero- sene, or to fill horse-drawn tank wagons as conditionally allowed in this chapter, there may be installed as part of a storage plant not more than 3 filling tanks, each of a capacity of not more than 4,200 gallons, elevated on brick, concrete or steel piers, to contain naphtha, gasoline and kerosene, respectively; and all oils remaining in the filling tanks at the end of each day shall be at once returned to the storage tanks proper. The buried tanks of an oil storage system shall be separated from each other by not less than 1 foot of solid concrete, well tamped into place. All tanks of an oil storage system shall be so connected with each other, by a system of underground pipes, that the contents of each tank can be transferred to any other tank at will, and all other details of the installation shall be as directed by die fire commissioner in each particular case. At all storage plants each tank, including the filling tank, if any, shall be equipped with a fire extinguishing system satisfactory to the fire commissioner. Each oil storage system shall have a direct telegraphic communication with fire head- quarters. All tanks, as to thickness and quality of material, hydrostatic pressure test, foundations, connections, fire protection and extinguishing system and all other details of installation must be according to plans first approved by the fire commissioner. No tank forming part of a buried oil storage system shall be covered from sight until after an inspection has been made by the fire department and written approval has been given ; which approval shall be given without charge, provided all the regulations have been complied with. (O. R., §§282, 284, 285; amended by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) 6. (Repealed by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) 7. Sewer protection. No person shall connect an oil storage plant with any public drain or sewer, nor permit any liquid product of petroleum to escape into any such drain or sewer. (O. R., §289.) 8. Supervision. A plant for the storage, manufacture, refining or distilling of petroleum, shale oil or coal tar or any liquid product thereof, shall be continuously under the care and supervision of 1 or more persons each holding a certificate of fitness as manager or superintendent thereof. The number of persons required to hold such certificates shall be determined by the fire commissioner and stated in the permit, but in no case shall there be required more than 3. (O. R., §290; amended by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) §112. Limited storage. 1. Permit. Permit may be issued for the storage of petroleum and shade oil, and the liquid products thereof, and of coal tar, in a manner satisfactory ~o the fire commissioner, in buildings or premises other than storage plants, in quantities not to exceed the following: (a) Volatile inflammable oils — 550 gallons. (b) Other oils that do not emit an inflammable vapor at a temperature below 100 degrees F., when tested in a Tagliabue open cup tester, 1,100 gallons. 2. Restrictions. No permit shall be issued for the storage or sale of volatile inflammable oil in any building: (a) Which is occupied as a tenement house, dwelling, school or place of public amusement or assembly; (b) Where explosives are stored or kept for sale or use; (c) Where dry goods or other material of a highly inflammable nature are manufactured, stored or kept for sale ; 260 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. (d) Where the portion of the building occupied or used for the storage of vola- tile inflammable oil is lighted by any means other than electricity; (e) Upon any floor above the ground floor of a building, except in an approved safety can in quantities of 5 gallons or less and for use only. §113. Transportation and delivery. 1. Permit . Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, no person shall trans- port, store, sell, deliver or use within the city any petroleum or shale oil, or the liquid products of either, or of coal tar, without a permit. (O. R., §279; amended by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) 2. Containers. Petroleum and shale oil, and the liquid products thereof, and of coal tar, except volatile inflammable oils, may be transported in the following-named containers : (a) In tank care or through supply pipes; (b) In steel, iron or wooden barrels or drums of a capacity not exceeding 55 gallons each; (c) In cans of a capacity not exceeding 10 gallons each, made of at least No. 25 B. W. G. tin or terne plate, packed in substantial wooden cases. (O. R., §301.) 3. Tank wagons • No person shall transport petroleum or shale oil, or the liquid product of either thereof, or of coal tar, in a tank wagon, unless it be of a type for which a certificate of approval shall have been issued ; provided, however, that a certificate of approval of a type or kind of tank wagon issued under this section to a given person shall not be construed as an approval of a similar type or kind of tank wagon owned, operated or used by another person. The tank of such a wagon shall be constructed of iron or steel not less than T /g of an inch thick for the top plates and 3-16 of an inch for the bottom plates; and shall be equipped with faucets, which shall be kept locked when not in use. The capacity of the tank wagon shall not exceed 35 barrels of 55 gallons each. Each such wagon shall have painted on both sides thereof in letters not less than 3 inches high, the name of the person operating it. and the number of the certificate of approval. (O. R., §§303-305.) §114. Volatile inflammable oils. 1. Report of sales. Each vendor of volatile inflammable oil shall render to the fire commissioner, on or before the 10th day of each month, a statement verified as to its correctness by an affidavit, showing the total quantity of volatile inflam- mable oil in excess of 5 gallons delivered to each purchaser in the city during the pre- ceding month ; provided, however, that no report shall be required of volatile inflam- mable oil delivered directly to the fuel tanks of motor vehicles, motorcycles, motor tri- cycles, motor boats, airships, aeroplanes and other similar craft and vessels. (O. R., §296.) 2. Retail sales. No person shall sell or deliver volatile inflammable oil in quantities exceeding 1 gallon unless the purchaser thereof hold a permit for the transportation, sto/age, sale or use of said oil ; provided, that nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed as requiring a permit for the storage of volatile inflam- mable oil in the tanks or motor vehicles, motor tricycles, motorcycles, motor boats, airships, aeroplanes, or other similar craft or vehicles, for use as fuel for generating motive power ; and providing further that no permit shall be required for rhe transpor- tation. storage or use of volatile inflammable oil in quantities not exceeding 1 gallon. (O- R.. §296, as amended by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) 3. Rural delivery. By a special permit, the delivery of volatile inflammaole oils may be authorized to be made by tank-wagon to points in the sparsely populated districts of the city, provided the entire tank load is delivered at one time and place. 261 CHAP. 10, ART. 8, SECS. 115-117. The permit shall in such cases specify the route to be followed in making the delivery. (O. R., §302.) 4. Transportation. Except as otherwise provided in this section, volatile in- flammable oil may be transported only in the following containers : a. Cans of a capacity not to exceed 5 gallons each, having plainly marked thereon the words “DANGEROUS — KEEP FROM FLAME,” and being equipped with a metal seal, so arranged that there shall be no outlet for the oil unless the seal is broken; b. Glass bottles of a capacity not exceeding 4 ounces each, labeled DANGER- OUS — Keep from Flame; c. Steel barrels or drums of a capacity not to exceed 55 gallons each, having plainly marked thereon the word DANGEROUS. (O. R., §§293, 294.) d. Volatile inflammable oil drawn from an approved storage system on the premises, and intended for further manufacture or use, may be transported for such use in approved safety cans of a capacity not greater than 5 gallons. (O. R., §§292, 298; amended by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) 5. Use and storage. Printers, lithographers and similar users of volatile inflam- mable oil shall be required to keep their supply of such oil in approved safety cans or buried storage tanks. Limited permits may be issued by the fire commissioner, for periods of less than 1 year, authorizing the storage and use of volatile inflammable oil, kerosene or fuel oil in streets, or on sidewalks, or in a building under construction, when needed in connection with authorized building operations or street improvements, when such material is enclosed in an approved metal container, and, if in quantities greater than 10 gallons, is surrounded by an enclosure satisfactory to the fire commissioner, con- structed of corrugated iron or other fire-retarding materials, the same to be kept securely locked when not in actual use. (New; added by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) §115. Illuminating Oils. 1. Permit. No person shall store and sell kerosene or other illuminating oils without a permit from the fire commissioner ; but no permit shall be required where the quantity transported or used does not exceed 10 gals. (O. R., §308.) 2. Empty barrels. All barrels, cans and other containers of liquid products of petroleum, coal tar or shale oil shall be removed from all premises, other than storage plants, within 24 hours after being emptied. (O. R., §310; amended by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) 3. Test. No person shall sell or offer for sale any kerosene or other illuminating 011 which will emit an inflammable vapor at a temperature lower than 100 degrees F., when tested in a Tagliabue open cup tester. (O. R., §307; amended by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) §116. Lubricating oils. No permit shall be required for the transportation, storage, sale or use of machine, lubricating or other heavy oils in quantities not exceeding 70 gallons. (O. R., §309.) §117. Fire prevention. The floors of each store and premises covered by a permit issued under this article shall be kept free and clear of waste paper and other inflammable material, and shall be provided with self-closing metal cans for keeping sawdust or cotton waste for cleaning purposes, and also with a number of buckets filled with sand for use in extinguishing fire; the number of buckets to be so kept shall be stated in the permit (O. R.. §300.) 262 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. ARTICLE 9. Inflammable Mixtures. Section 130. Permit. 131. Manufacture. 132. Transportation, storage and sale. §130. Permit. Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, no person shall manufacture, trans- port, store or sell any inflammable mixture without a permit, and no such permit shall be granted for any inflammable mixture which contains volatile inflammable oil in excess of 80 per cent, of its total bulk, or which shall be for use as a stove polish or insecticide. (O. R., §§312-314.) §131. Manufacture. 1. Certificate of approval. No system for the storage of volatile inflammable oils shall be installed in any building used for the manufacture of inflammable mixtures unless it be of a type for which a certificate of approval shall have been issued. (O. R., §320.) 2. Restrictions. No permit for the manufacture of inflammable mixtures shall be issued for any building — (a) Which is situated within 50 feet of the nearest wall of any building occu- pied as a school, hospital, theatre or other place of public amusement or assembly; (b) Which is occupied as a tenement house, dwelling or hotel ; (c) Which is of wooden construction; (d) Which is artificially lighted by any means other than electricity; (e) Where drugs, cigars, cigarettes or tobaccos are kept for sale; (f) Where drygoods or other materials of a highly inflammable nature are manu- factured, stored or sold; (g) Where matches, rosin, hemp, cotton or any explosives are stored or sold. (O. R., §317.) 3. Containers. Inflammable mixtures shall be put up only in glass bottles of a capacity not exceeding four ounces each, or in metal cans of a capacity not exceeding 1 gallon each, fitted with a screw top so made that the can will be air-tight when closed, and each such bottle or can shall bear the name and address of the manu- facturer, the number of his original permit, or the number of his certificate of approval, and in large letters, the words, CAUTION INFLAMMABLE MIXTURE. DO NOT USE NEAR FIRE OR FLAME. (O. R., §§344, 345, amended by ord. appd. Dec. 23, 1919.) 4. Deliveries. All deliveries of volatile inflammable oils to a building used for the manufacture of inflammable mixtures shall be made directly to the storage tank through the filling pipe by means of a hose coupled to the barrel containing the oil and connected to the intake as provided for in these regulations ; no barrel containing volatile inflammable oil shall be taken off the wagon delivering such oil ; no wagon or other vehicle engaged in the delivery of volatile inflammable oil shall be admitted to or taken within a building or any portion thereof, and no person shall deliver or receive within a building any volatile inflammable oil in a barrel or other similar receptacle, nor keep or store in a building any barrel or other similar receptacle from which volatile inflammable oil has been drawn. (O. R., §338, amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 5. Drawing-off pipe. The drawing-off pipe shall be encased in and surrounded by either 4 inches of Portland cement concrete or 8 inches of brick masonry up to the level of the floor on which the compartment containing the mixing tank is located. (O. R., §332.) 263 CHAP. 10, ART. 9 , SEC. 131. 6. Filling-pipes. The filling pipe shall be at least 2 inches in diameter, and shall be laid at a descending grade from the sidewalk in front of the building to the tank. The intake of a filling pipe shall be located in a heavy metal box, which shall be sunk flush with the sidewalk at the curb level, or at some other location offering equal facilities for the filling of the tank from the barrel-wagon, and fitted with a heavy metal cover, and shall be kept locked when not in use. The filling pipe shall be closed at the intake by a cock or valve fitted with a coupling for attaching to the hose of a barrel wagon, and with a screw cap to close the opening when not in use. The filling pipe shall be provided with a screen made of 2 thicknesses of 20-mesh brass wire gauze, placed immediately below the filling cock or valve. (O. R., §§326-329, amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 7. Lighting. No system of artificial lighting other than incandescent electric lights shall be installed in any premises used for the manufacture of inflammable mixtures unless of a type for which a certificate of approval shall have been issued. All incandescent electric lights shall be fitted with keyless sockets, and all electric switches and plugs shall be placed at least 4 feet above the floor. (O. R., §340, amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 8. Mixing tank. The mixing tank shall be located in a separate compartment built upon suitable foundations, having the walls, floor and roof constructed of Port- land cement concrete at least 6 inches thick, or of brick masonry at least 8 inches thick, the brick to be laid in and covered by Portland cement mortar. Each such tank shall be filled either by means of a pump or an approved pressure system, and the tank shall be kept closed except when the ingredients entering into the manu- facture of the inflammable mixture are being placed therein. Each compartment wherein a mixing tank is located shall be equipped with self-closing fire-proof doors and windows. (O. R., §§333, 334, 339.) 9. Piping, generally. Each storage tank shall be provided with a filling pipe, a drawing-off pipe and a vent pipe; provided, that tanks installed as part of a hydraulic storage system shall not be required to have a vent pipe. All pipes shall be of gal- vanized wrought iron, with malleable iron fittings. All screw joints shall be made with litharge and glycerine. (O. R., §325.) 10. Sewer protection. No piping of any kind shall be allowed to connect a com- partment wherein a mixing tank is located with any public drain or sewer ; and all silt or sediment left in the mixing tank shall be placed in airtight metal containers and immediately removed from the premises. (O. R., §337.) 11. Storage system. No permit shall be issued for the manufacture of inflam- mable mixtures in any premises which are not equipped with an approved storage sys- tem for containing and handling all volatile inflammable oils used in such manufacture. (O. R., §319.) 12. Supervision. All premises used for the manufacture of inflammable mix- tures shall be under the care and supervision of 1 or more persons, each holding a certificate of fitness as superintendent or manager thereof. The number of persons required to hold such certificate shall be determined by the fire commissioner and stated in the permit, but in no case shall there be required more than 3. (O. R., §318, amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 13. Tanks. Each tank used for the storage of volatile inflammable oil shall be: a. Constructed of steel at least 1-4 of an inch in thickness, shall have a capacity of not more than 1,500 gallons, and shall, under test, stand a hydrostatic pressure of at least 100 pounds to the square inch. (Amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) b. Coated on the outside with tar or other rust resisting material, shall be set on a solid foundation, and shall be imbedded in and surrounded by at least 12 264 explosives and hazardous trades. inches of Portland cement concrete, composed of 2 parts of cement, 3 parts of sand and 5 parts of stone. (As amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) c. So set that the top or highest point thereof shall be at least 2 feet below the level of the lowest cellar floor of any building within a radius of 10 feet from the tank, and no tank for the storage of volatile inflammable oil shall be located under the sidewalk or beyond the building line. d. No tank, forming part of a buried oil storage system, shall be covered from sight until after an inspection has been made by the fire department, and written approval has been given ; which approval shall be given without charge, provided all the regulations have been complied with. (O. R., §§321-324, amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 14. Vent pipe. The vent pipe shall be at least 1 inch in diameter, shall run from the tank to the outer air at least 10 feet above the roof of the building in which the plant is located, and shall be at least 10 feet from the nearest window of any adjoining building, and well braced in position. It shall be capped with a double goose-neck, cowl or hood, and provided with a screen made of 2 thicknesses of 20-mesh brass wire gauze, placed immediately below the goose-neck. (O. R., §§330, 331, amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 15. V entilating flue. Each compartment wherein a mixing tank is located shall be equipped with a ventilating flue, constructed of brick or concrete, lined with tile pipe at least 8 inches square, inside measurement, and extending from the floor of the compartment at a point opposite the door, to at least 6 feet above the highest point of the roof, and at least 10 feet from the nearest wall of any adjoining build- ing. Such flue shall have an opening into the mixing compartment 6 inches square, 3 inches above the floor, and shall be equipped with a double goose-neck 8 inches square, made of at least 18-gauge galvanized iron. All openings to be covered with 20-mesh brass wire screens. (O. R., §§335, 336.) 16. Fire prevention. No stove, forge, torch or other device employing flame or fire, nor any electric or other apparatus which is likely to produce an exposed spark, shall be allowed in any building used for the manufacture of inflammable mixtures, unless it be placed in a room or compartment separated from the remainder of the building by a partition constructed of fire retarding material and provided with a self-closing fireproof door; provided, however, that electric motors may be of the fully enclosed type or provided with an approved type “A” (fire department specifica- tions) motor enclosure; the terminal blocks also shall be protected. No boiler or furnace shall be located in any such building, unless separated from the remainder of the building by an unpierced fireproof wall consisting of solid masonry or its equiva- lent, of at least 8 inches in thickness ; provided, however, that where the construction of such unpierced wall shall be impracticable, the fire commissioner may permit such openings in such wall as may be necessary, and prescribe such protection therefor as in his judgment the particular case shall require. Premises used for the manufacture of inflammable mixtures shall be equipped with fire buckets filled with sand and kept on each floor for use in extinguishing fire. The number of buckets and the quantity of sand to be kept shall be determined by the commissioner and stated in the permit. (O. R., §§341, 343, amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 17. Containers or devices. Proper containers or devices to prevent or extinguish fire may be prescribed by the fire commissioner, who may issue certificates of approval for such devices. (Added by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) §132. Transportation, storage and sale. 1. Permit. No person shall store or keep for sale any inflammable mixtures, in quantities aggregating more than 5 gallons, without a permit. (O. R., §349.) 2. Certificate of approval. No person shall transport or sell an inflammable 265 CHAP. 10, ART. 10, SECS 140-142. mixture, unless a certificate of approval shall have been issued ; but no such certifi- cate shall be required for inflammable mixtures for which a permit to manufacture shall have been issued. (O. R., §§346, 348, amended by ord. appd. Dec. 23, 1919.) ARTICLE 10. Combustible Mixtures. Section 140. Permit. 141. Manufacture. 142. Transportation, storage and sale. §140. Permit. Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, no person shall manufacture, trans- port, store or sell any combustible mixture without a permit, but no permit for the manufacture of combustible mixtures shall be required of a person holding a permit for the manufacture of inflammable mixtures issued in conformity with article 9 of this chapter. (O. R., §§353, 354.) §141. Manufacture. 1. Restrictions. No such permit shall be issued for manufacturing of com- bustible mixtures in any building within the restrictions of subdivision 2 of §131 of this chapter. (O. R., §356.) 2. Containers. Combustible mixtures may be put up only in glass bottles of a capacity not exceeding 4 ounces each, or in cans of a capacity not exceeding 1 gallon each, fitted with a screw top so made that the can shall be airtight when closed. Each can or bottle containing a combustible mixture shall bear a label giving the name and address of the manufacturer, the number of his original permit or of his certificate of approval, and, in large letters, the words CAUTION — COM- BUSTIBLE MIXTURE. (O. R., §§357, 358, amended by ord. appd. Dec. 23, 1919.) §142. Transportation, storage and sale. 1. Certificate of approval. No person shall transport, store or sell any com- bustible mixture unless a certificate of approval therefor shall have been issued, of which a permit has been issued. (O. R., §§359, 361, amended by ord. appd. Dec. 23, 1919.) 2. Exemptions. No permit for the storage and sale at retail of combustible mix- tures shall be required of a person holding a permit for the storage and sale, at retail, of inflammable mixtures, issued in accordance with the provisions of article 9 of this chapter. No permit shall be required for the storage and sale at retail of com- bustible mixtures 364.) in quantities aggregating not more than 10 gallons. (O. R., §§363, ^ARTICLE 11. Garages. Section 150. Permit. 151. Storage garages. 152. Construction. 153. Certificates of fitness. 154. Garages in buildings having dwelling occupancies — when permitted. 155. Oil separators. 156. Storage system. 157. Supplying vehicles. 158. Lighting. 159. Fire-prevention. 160. Oil selling stations. ♦Amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916. 266 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. §150. Permit. 1. Permit required. No person shall store, house or keep any motor vehicle other than o'ne the fuel storage tank of which is empty, except in a buildings shed or en- closure for which a garage permit shall have been issued. 2. Exemptions. No permit, however, shall be required for the maintenance out- side of the fire limits, of a garage in which motor vehicles, which are not for sale, rent or hire, or subject to charges for storage, or used exclusively fo'r business pur- poses, are stored, housed or kept. (Amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) §151. Storage garages. No permit for a storage garage shall be issued for any building, shed or en- closure — (a) Which is occupied as a tenement house, hotel or lodging house; (b) Where paints, varnishes or lacquers are manufactured or kept for sale; (c) Where dry goods or other highly inflammable materials are manufactured or kept for sale ; (d) Where rosin, turpentine, hemp, cotton or any explosives are stored or kept for sale; (e) Which is situated within 20 feet of the nearest wall o'f a building occupied as a school, theatre or other place of public amusement or assembly, provided, how- ever, that renewals of permits may be granted where the garage in question was in operation prior to the opening of the school, theatre or other place of public amuse- ment or assembly, or has been in continuous operation under a permit issued therefor prior to May 1, 1915, and further provided that a permit may be issued for a garage hereafter erected within 20 feet o'f a building, the occupancy of which is enumerated in this subdivision, where the garage has no frontage on the same street with any frontage of such building, and the wall or walls of the garage adjacent thereto are constructed of brick, unpierced for a distance of at least 20 feet therefrom. (Amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) §152. Construction. (Repealed by ord. effective July 17, 1917.) §153. Certificate of fitness. Each storage garage containing more than 4 motor vehicles' shall be continuously under the care and supervision o'f 1 or more persons, each holding a certificate of fitness. The number of persons to hold such certificates shall be stated in the permit, but in no case shall there be required more than 3 for any garage. (Amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) §154. Garages in buildings having dwelling occupancies — when permitted. A permit shall not be issued for a garage in a building occupied as a dwelling unless the ground floor area of the garage does not exceed 5,000 square feet and unless the occupants be the applicant or his employees or the applicant and one other tenant, or the applicant’s employee and one other tenant, and provided that not more than 2 stories above the garage are occupied or used as living apartments, which apart- ments shall be separated from the garage by fire retarding walls and floors, not pierced except by one opening, protected by a fireproof self-closing door, and pro- vided that there shall be an entrance to the living apartments direct from the street without passing through the garage. In case the building is occupied by 2 families and on 2 stories above the garage, a fire escape or other secondary means of escape must be provided for each story above the garage. (Amended by o'rd. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) 267 CHAP. 10, ART. 11, SECS. 155-157. §155. Oil separators. 1. When required. No garage permit authorizing the storage of volatile inflam- mable oil shall be issued for any premises, storing more than 4 motor vehicles, which are not provided with an oil separator, trap or other similar apparatus attached to the house drain, for the purpose of preventing volatile inflammable oils from flowing into the sewer; provided, however, that the fire commissioner may exempt from the requirements of this section a garage draining into a short sewer line. (O. R., §376.) 2. Oil receptacle. The oil-receptacle of an oil separator shall not exceed 50 gallons capacity, and shall be emptied as often as may be necessary to prevent the oil from overflowing; and such oils as are recovered from the separator shall be removed from the garage within 24 hours after being taken from the separator. (O. R., §397.) 3. Sewer connection. Each oil separator shall be connected to the house drain, and shall be so arranged as to separate all oils from the drainage of the garage. (O. R., §396.) 4. Waste oil. All oils spilled on the floor of a garage shall be removed by sponging or swabbing, and poured into the drain leading to the oil separator. (O. R., §398.) §156. Storage system. 1. Tanks. No garage permit authorizing the storage of volatile inflammable oil shall be issued for any premises which are not equipped with an approved storage system, of sufficient capacity for the proper storage of such oil, which shall be installed in the manner prescribed in subdivisions 5, 6, 9, 13 and 14 of §131 of article 9 of this chapter ; provided that each tank shall be embedded in and surrounded by at least 12 inches of Portland cement concrete, composed of 2 parts of cement, 3 parts of sand and 5 parts of stone, except that storage tanks installed in garages may have a capacity not exceeding 550 gallons each. (O. R., §§377, 379-390; amended by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) 2. Receiving supplies. No barrel containing volatile inflammable oil shall be taken off the wagon delivering such oil to a garage, but the oil shall be delivered directly to the storage tank through the filling pipe, by means of a hose coupled to the barrel containing the oil and connected to the intake provided for in subdivision 6 of §131 of this chapter. No wagon or other vehicle, engaged in the delivery of volatile inflam- mable oil shall be admitted to or taken within a garage or any portion thereof, and no person shall deliver or receive within a garage any volatile inflammable oil in a barrel or other similar receptacle, nor keep or store in a garage any barrel or other similar receptacle from which volatile inflammable oil has been drawn. (O. R., §§393- 395.) 3. Approval of appliances. No storage tank, portable tank, oil separator, pump or other similar apparatus shall be installed in a garage unless it be of a type for which a certificate of approval shall have been issued by the fire commissioner. Proper containers or devices to prevent or extinguish fire may be prescribed by the fire commissioner, who may issue certificates of approval therefor. (O. R., §379; amended by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) §157. Supplying vehicles. 1. Method. No person shall deliver volatile inflammable oil from a storage tank to a motor vehicle, except by means of an approved portable tank or directly through the outlet of the drawing-off pipe by means of an authorized hose attachment. All lights on motor vehicles, except electric lights shall be extinguished before volatile inflammable oil is delivered to fuel tanks. (O. R., §378; amended by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) 2. Portable tanks. Each portable tank shall be of a capacity not exceeding 55 gallons, and shall be mounted on a substantial iron or steel frame, with rubber-tired 268 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. wheels. The oil shall be discharged from the tank only through a hose, not exceeding 16 feet in length, having a shut-off valve close to the outlet or nozzle. (O. R., §391.) 3. Pumps; basement serine e. No pump or stationary outlet for delivery of vola- tile inflammable oil in a garage shall be allowed on any floor below the street level; and no person shall deliver any such oil to the tank of a motor vehicle while on a floor of the garage below the street level, unless such floor is provided with adequate natural ventilation. (O. R., §392; amended by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) 4. Restrictions. No person shall sell, deliver or use volatile inflammable oil in or upon any premises covered by a garage permit for any purpose, other than that of filling the tanks of motor vehicles, motorcycles, motor-tricycles motor boats, airships or aeroplanes, except that the use of gasoline in gasoline torches of a capacity not greater than 1 quart shall be permitted, but in the repair department only. (O. R., §401.) §158. Lighting. No system of artificial lighting other than incandescent electric lights shall be installed in any garage, unless of a type for which a certificate of approval shall have been issued. All incandescent lights shall be fitted with keyless sockets, and all elec- tric switches and plugs shall be placed at least 4 feet above the garage floor. (O. R., §399.) §159. Fire prevention. 1. Exposed flame or spark. No stove, forge, torch or other device employing flame or fire, nor any electric or other apparatus which is likely to produce an exposed spark, except such electric apparatus as may be placed 5 feet or more above a floor of a garage, shall be allowed in any garage unless it be placed in a room or compartment which is separated from the garage by a partition constructed of fire retarding material and provided with a self-closing fireproof door; provided, however, that electric motors may be of the fully enclosed type or provided with an approved type “A” (fire department specifications) motor enclosure; the terminal blocks also shall be properly protected. No boiler or furnace shall be located in any garage unless separated from the remainder of the building by an unpierced fireproof wall, consisting of solid masonry of at least 8 inches in thickness or its equivalent; pro- vided, however, that where the construction of such unpierced wall shall be im- practicable the fire commissioner may permit such openings in such wall as may be necessary and prescribe such protection therefor as in his judgment the particular case shall require. (O. R., §400; amended by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) 2. Sand. Each garage shall be equipped with fire buckets filled with sand and kept on each floor, for use in extinguishing fire. A quantity of sand shall also be kept on each floor of a garage, for absorbing waste oil. The quantity of sand and the number of buckets for each garage shall be designated by the fire commissioner and stated in the permit. (O. R., §403.) 3. Receptacles for waste. Each floor of a garage shall be equipped with self- closing metal cans; and all inflammable waste material shall be kept therein until removed from the building. (O. R., §404.) 4. Storage of carbide. All calcium carbide stored in a garage shall be kept in water-tight metal containers with securely fastened covers ; and the aggregate quantity kept on hand shall not exceed at any time 120 pounds. (O. R., §405.) §160. Oil selling stations. A permit may be issued by the fire commissioner for premises wherein the business of an oil selling station is to be conducted and such business shall be covered, except as to fees, by the regulation on the subject of storage garages insofar as they are applicable thereto. (Amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) 269 CHAP. 10, ARTS. 12-13, SECS. 170-176. ARTICLE 12. Motor Vehicle Repair Shops. Section 170. Permit. 171. Restrictions. §170. Permit. No person shall maintain or operate a motor vehicle repair shop without a per- mit; provided that such a permit shall not be required of a person holding a garage permit for the same or adjoining premises. (O. R., §§407, 408; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) §171. Restrictions. No person shall 1. Store or keep for sale in a motor vehicle repair shop any volatile inflammable oil or calcium carbide, except in the manner and subject to the conditions prescribed by the fire commissioner: (O. R., §410.) 2. Introduce or receive into such a repair shop any motor vehicle containing volatile inflammable oil, unless the building or that portion thereof in which the motor vehicle is introduced is constructed of fire-retarding material. When such volatile inflammable oil is removed from the fuel tank of a motor vehicle within the repair shop, it shall be emptied directly from such fuel tank into an approved safety can, portable tank, or approved storage system, and when returned to the fuel tank, it shall be so returned directly from such safety can, portable tank, or approved storage system. (O. R., §411; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) ARTICLE 13. Section 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. Dry=CIeaning and Dry=Dyeing Establishments. Permit. Restrictions. Equipment. Operation. Fire prevention. §175. Permit. No person shall maintain or operate a dry cleaning or dry dyeing establishment without a permit. (O. R., §413.) §176. Restrictions. No person shall maintain or operate a dry-cleaning or dry-dyeing establishment shall be issued for any building : (a) In which the compartment wherein the volatile inflammable oil is used is situated within 50 feet of the nearest wall of any building occupied as a school, hos- pital, theatre, or other place of public amusement or assembly; (b) Which is occupied as a tenement house, dwelling or hotel; (c) Which is of wooden construction ; (d) In which the compartment wherein the volatile inflammable oil is used is artificially lighted by any other means than electricity; (e) Where drugs, cigars, cigarettes or tobaccos are kept for sale; (f) Where paints, varnishes or lacquers are manufactured, stored, or kept for sale; (g) Where drygoods or other highly inflammable materials are manufactured, stored or kept for sale; (h) Where matches, rosin, turpentine, hemp, cotton, or any explosives are stored or kept; 270 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. (i) Which is not equipped with an approved system for storing and handling all volatile inflammable oils, stored or used in such establishment as prescribed in subdivisions 5, 6, 9, 13 and 14 of §131 of article 9 of this chapter. (O. R., §§416, 418.) §177. Equipment. 1. Certificate of approval. No system for the storage of volatile inflammable oils shall be installed in any building used as a dry cleaning or dry dyeing establish- ment, unless it be of a type for which a certificate of approval shall have been issued. (O. R., §419.) 2. Settling tank. At the close of each day, all volatile inflammable oils remaining in the wash tank and extractors, shall be transferred through continuous piping to an underground tank. Volatile inflammable oils in a dry cleaning and dry dyeing establishment shall not be kept outside the dry cleaning room except in an approved storage system, and shall not be transferred except by pumping directly from an ap- proved storage system. (O. R., §433; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 3. (Repealed by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 4. “ Wash tank” room. Each room or compartment wherein a “washing tank” is located shall be properly ventilated, and shall be equipped with self-closing fireproof doors and windows that can be easily opened from the outside. (O. R., §431.) 5. Asbestos cloths or blankets. Each room or compartment in which a washing tank is located shall be equipped with one or more asbestos cloths or blankets to smother fire, the number and size of which shall be prescribed by the fire commis- sioner. (Added by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 6. Portable containers. All portable containers used to convey goods from washer to extractors shall be equipped with rubber tired rollers, wooden or fibre rollers or wooden bottoms. (Added by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 7. Extractors. All extractors shall be constructed so that the gasoline extracted shall flow by gravity through the pipe into the settling tank of an approved storage system. (Added by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 8. Drying tumblers. Drying tumblers shall not be permitted in rooms containing wash tanks, and shall be independently connected with the outer air in the manner prescribed for drying rooms. In no case shall they be heated above 150° F. (Added (py ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 9. Containers or devices. Proper containers or devices to prevent or extinguish fire may be prescribed by the fire commissioner, who may issue certificates of approval for such devices. (Added by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) §178. Operation. 1. Settling , filtering and distilling. All volatile inflammable oil which has been used in the process of dry cleaning or dry dyeing shall be settled, filtered or distilled in a machine or apparatus, of a type for which a certificate of approval shall have been issued. (O. R., §434.) 2. Sewer protection. No person shall discharge any volatile inflammable oil into any public drain or sewer. (O. R., §435.) 3. Supervision. The operation of a dry cleaning or dry dyeing establishment shall be continuously under the care and supervision of a person holding a certificate of fitness as manager thereof. The number of persons required to hold such certifi- cates shall be determined by the fire commissioner and stated in the permit, but in no case shall there be required more than 3. (O. R., §417; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) §179. Fire prevention. 1. Steam extinguishing appliances. Each room or compartment where in a “wash- ing tank” is located shall be equipped with an approved steam fire extinguishing sys- 271 CHAP. 10, ART. 14, SEC. 190. tem, the supply valve for which shall be placed on the outside of the washing room, with one valve so arranged that the steam can be instantaneously turned on. (O. R., §432.) 2. Buckets of sand. Each premises in which a dry cleaning or dry dyeing estab- lishment is located shall be equipped with fire buckets filled with sand and kept on each floor, for use in extinguishing fire. A quantity of sand shall also be kept on each floor for absorbing waste oils. The number of buckets and the quantity of sand to be so kept shall be determined by the fire commissioner and stated in the permit. (O. R., §440.) 3. Artificial lighting. No System of artificial lighting other than incandescent electric lights shall be installed in any building, or any portion thereof, used as a dry cleaning and dry dyeing establishment, unless it be of a type for which a certificate of approval shall have been issued. All incandescent lights shall be fitted with keyless sockets, and all electric switches and plugs shall be placed at least 4 feet above the floor. All electric switches shall be placed outside the room containing wash tanks and outside all drying rooms. (O. R., §436; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 4. Exposed flame or spark. No stoves, forge, torch or other device employing flame or fire, nor any electric or other apparatus which is likely to produce an ex- posed spark, shall be allowed in any building, or any portion thereof, used as a dry cleaning or dry dyeing establishment, unless it be placed in a room or compartment separated from the remainder of the building by a partition constructed of fire retard- ing material and provided with a self-closing fireproof door ; provided, however, that electric motors may be of the fully enclosed type or provided with an approved type “A” (fire department specifications) motor enclosure; the terminal blocks also shall be protected. No boiler or furnace shall be located in any such dry cleaning and dry dyeing establishment unless separated from the remainder of the building by an unpierced fireproof wall consisting of solid masonry, or its equivalent, of at least 8 inches in thickness ; provided, however, that where the construction of such unpierced wall shall be impracticable, the fire commissioner may permit such openings in the wall as may be necessary, and prescribe such protection therefor as in his judgment the particular case shall require. (O. R., §437 ; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 5. Carrying matches. No person shall carry matches into any room or compart- ment in which volatile inflammable oil is used or stored, and the person holding the certificate of fitness as the manager of the establishment shall be responsible for the enforcement of this section. He shall also see that all clothing intended to be dry cleaned is searched and all matches removed therefrom, before being brought into the compartments where volatile inflammable oils are stored or used. (O. R., §438; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) ^ARTICLE 14. Motor Cycle Repair Shops and Storage Places. Section 190. Permit. 191. Restrictions. 192. Fire prevention. §190. Permit. Except upon premises for which a permit has been issued under this article, no person shall conduct a repair shop for motor cycles, nor store, house or keep, nor receive for storage, housing or keeping, more than four motor cycles containing ♦Added by ord. Feb. 20, 1917. In effect Jan. 1, 1918. 272 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. gasoline in their fuel tanks ; provided, however, that such a permit shall not be required for premises used as a garage under a permit duly issued therefor, nor for premises used for the storage or repair of motor cycles owned and operated by members of but one family. §191. Restrictions. 1. Storage of oil. Such permit shall state the amount of kerosene and lubri- cating oils which may be stored on such premises, which amount shall not be exceeded. 2. Basement premises. No permit shall be granted for premises below the grade story of any building. 3. Tenement houses, etc. No permit shall be issued for any premises situated in any tenement house, hotel or frame building, or in any non-fireproof building in which there is a factory or place of public assemblage, unless : (a) The compartment enclosing such premises is of fire retarding material throughout, including doors and windows, and (b) All doors and windows opening from each compartment into other portions of the building are self-closing. 192. Fire prevention. In all premises for which a permit is issued under this article, the following regulations shall be complied with : (a) No gasoline, except that in the fuel tanks of motor cycles, shall be per- mitted on the premises and such fuel tanks shall not be opened, drawn from or filled on the premises ; (b) No coal or oil burning stove shall be used ; (c) No motor cycle or part thereof shall, under any circumstances, be cleaned by the use of gasoline; (d) Only electric lights shall be used, the bulbs of which shall be enclosed in wire cages or otherwise properly protected in a manner approved by the Fire Com- missioner. Except under special authority from the Fire Commissioner, no gas or open flame shall be used for heating, lighting, or repair purposes. (e) Fire pails, filled with sand, approved fire extinguishers and “no smoking” signs shall be provided in such number as the Fire Commissioner may require. ARTICLE 15. Paints, Varnishes and Lacquers. Section 200. Permit. 201. Restrictions. 202. Volatile inflammable oil. §200. Permit. No person shall manufacture, store or keep for sale paints, varnishes or lacquers or any other substances, mixtures and compounds commonly used for painting, var- nishing, staining or other similar purposes, in quantities greater than 20 gallons, with- out a permit. (O. R., §450.) §201. Restrictions. No permit for the manufacture, mixing or compounding of paints, varnishes or lacquers shall be issued for any premises — (a) Which are situated within 50 feet of the nearest wall of a building occupied as a school, theatre or other place of public amusement or assembly ; 273 CHAP. 10, ARTS. 15-16, SECS. 202-207. (b) Which are occupied as a tenement house, dwelling, hotel, workshop or factory; (c) Which are artificially lighted by any means other than electricity; (d) Where drugs, cigars, cigarettes or tobaccos are kept for sale; (e) Where drygoods or other highly inflammable materials are manufactured, stored or kept for sale. (O. R., §452.) §202. Volatile inflammable oil. No permit shall be issued for the storage and sale of volatile inflammable oil in any paint shop, in a tenement house, nor for the storage of such oil in excess of 20 gallons in any building occupied by 2 families, nor for the storage of such oil in excess of 55 gallons in any building occupied as a dwelling by 1 family. (Added by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) ARTICLE 16. Calcium Carbide. Section 205. Permit. 206. Conditions. 207. Restrictions. §205. Permit. No person shall store or keep calcium carbide in excess of 120 pounds without a permit. (O. R., §455.) §206. Conditions. 1. Containers. Each can, drum or container for holding calcium carbide shall be constructed of tin, iron or steel, without the use of solder. It shall be closed in such manner as to be air- and water-tight, and shall be conspicuously marked CAR- BIDE-DANGEROUS IF NOT KEPT DRY. (O. R., §§460, 461.) 2. Place. Calcium carbide, in excess of 600 lbs., shall be stored in approved metal packages above the ground in one-story buildings, without cellar or basement, and used exclusively for the storage of calcium carbide. Such buildings shall be con- structed to be dry, waterproof and well ventilated, and shall be located outside con- gested mercantile or manufacturing districts. If the storage building is of incom- bustible construction, it may adjoin other 1 story buildings if separated therefrom by an unpierced fire wall; if the storage building be a detached structure and located less than 10 feet from such 1 story buildings, there shall be no openings in the adjacent sides of either building. If the carbide storage building is of com- bustible construction, it must not be within 20 feet of other 1 story or 2 story build- ings, nor within 30 feet of other building? over 2 stories. (O. R., §458; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 3. Warning. A building used for such storage shall have a sign conspicuously displayed on the outside thereof, bearing in letters, at least 12 inches high, the words CALCIUM CARBIDE— USE NO WATER. (O. R., §459.) §207. Restrictions. No permit shall be issued for the storage of calcium carbide in excess of 600 pounds in any building — (a) Which is not used exclusively for such storage; (b) Which is situated within 50 feet of the nearest wall of any building occu- pied as a hospital, school, theatre, or other place of public amusement or assembly; (c) Which is of wooden construction. (O. R., §457.) 274 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. ARTICLE 17. Gases Under Pressure. Section 210. Permit. 211. Compressing. 212. Acetylene. 213. Oxygen blow-pipes. 214. Regulation governing the manufacture and handling and carbonated beverages. 214a. Liquefied chlorine. of soda water §210. Permit. No person shall compress, generate, store, or sell any acetylene, Blaugas, Pintsch gas or other gases and mixtures of gases or transport through a pipe from one locality to another any gas, unless otherwise herein provided for, at a pressure exceeding 6 pounds to the square inch, or atmospheric air to a pressure exceeding 100 pounds to the square inch, nor in quantities exceeding a total container capacity of 30 cubic feet, without a permit. (O. R., §§463, 464; amended by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) §211. Compressing. 1. Capacity. No person shall store for sale any gas compressed to a pressure greater than 6 pounds to the square inch without a permit, except the following : (a) Nitrous oxide or oxygen for use for medical or surgical purposes in quan- tities not exceeding a total container capacity of 5 cubic feet for both gases, and in containers none of which shall have a capacity exceeding 2.5 cubic feet ; (b) Combustible gases under pressure exceeding 15 pounds per . square inch, such as Blaugas and acetylene, in quantities not exceeding 500 cubic feet gas measure and in containers none of which shall have a capacity exceeding 2.5 cubic feet ; (c) Non-combustible liquefied gases, except chlorine, in quantities not exceeding a total container capacity of 1 cubic foot, and in containers none of which shall have a capacity exceeding 200 cubic inches. No person shall use or store for use within the city any gas compressed to a pressure greater than 6 pounds to the square inch, without a permit, except : (d) Non-combustible, non-liquefied gases, such as atmospheric air, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, compressed to a pressure not exceeding 100 pounds to the square inch and in quantities not exceeding a total container capacity of 30 cubic feet; (e) Non-combustible, non-liquefied gases, such as atmospheric air, oxygen, nitrous oxide, niotrogen, compressed to a pressure not exceeding 300 pounds to the square inch and in quantities not exceeding a total container capacity of 30 cubic feet, and in con- tainers of which none shall have a capacity exceeding 6 cubic feet ; (f) Non-combustible, non-liquefied p-ascs, such as atmospheric air, oxygen or nitrogen, compressed to a pressure exceeding 300 pounds to the square inch and in quantities not exceeding a total container capacity of 20 cubic feet, and in containers none of which shall have a capacity exceeding 2.5 cubic feet ; (g) Combustible, non-liquefied, non-absorbed gases, such as hydrogen, illuminat- ing gas, compressed to a pressure not exceeding 300 pounds to the square inch, and in quantities not exceeding a total container capacity of 30 cubic feet and in con- tainers none of which shall have a capacity exceeding 6 cubic feet; (h) Combustible, non-liquefied, non-absorbed gases, such as hydrogen, illuminat- ing gas, compressed to a pressure exceeding 300 pounds to the square inch and in quantities not exceeding a total container capacity of 10 cubic feet, and in containers none of which shall have a capacity exceeding 2.5 cubic feet ; (i) Soda water tanks containing carbonic acid under pressure not exceeding 150 pounds to the square inch, and in quantities not exceeding a total container capacity 275 CHAP. 10, ART. 17, SEC. 211. of 20 cubic feet, and in containers none of which shall have a capacity exceeding 2 cubic feet ; (j) Absorbed acetylene, under pressure not exceeding 250 pounds to the square inch, and in quantities not exceeding a total container capacity of 10 cubic feet, and in containers none of which shall have a capacity exceeding 2.5 cubic feet ; (k) Non-combustible liquefied gases, except ammonia and chlorine, such as nitrous oxide, carbonic acid, sulphur dioxide, in quantities not exceeding a total container capacity of 12 cubic feet, and in containers none of which shall have a capacity exceed- ing 1.5 cubic feet. Anhydrous liquid ammonia not exceeding a total container capacity of 12 cubic feet, and in containers none of which shall have a capacity exceeding 5.5 cubic feet, except as otherwise provided in these regulations; (l) Combustible, liquefied gases, such as blaugas, in quantities not exceeding a total container capacity of 8 cubic feet, and in containers none of which shall have a capacity exceeding 1.5 cubic feet. (O. R., §468; amended by ord. effective July 16, 1915 ; amended by ords. effective Sept. 18. 1917.) 2. Certificate of fitness. No gas shall be compressed or generated to a pressure greater than 15 pounds to the square inch, unless under the supervision of a person holding a certificate of fitness. (O. R., §466; amended by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) 3. Construction. All tanks and cylinders used for the storage of gas under pressure shall be constructed of rolled, drawn or forged steel, and shall be either seamless, brazed, welded or riveted. Containers now in use and purchased hereafter for storing or transporting compressed gases, must be subjected, whenever they appear materially weakened by use, but at least once in 5 years to a uniform interior pressure test, in which the test pressure must be as follows ; For containers for liquid carbonic acid, liquid nitrous oxide, or blaugas, 3,000 pounds to the square inch; For containers for liquid anhydrous ammonia, not less than 430 pounds to the square inch; For containers for liquid chlorine, not less than 400 pounds to the square inch ; For containers for liquid sulphur dioxide, not less than 250 pounds to the square inch ; For containers for carbonated beverages in use at time of passage of this ordi- nance, not less than 300 pounds to the square inch; For containers for carbonated beverages manufactured and placed in use after September 1, 1917, not less than 500 pounds to the square inch; For containers for compressed gases, not liquefied and not absorbed, not less than twice the charging pressure at 70° F., unless such test pressure should exceed 600 pounds, in which case the test pressure shall be not less than 1^ times the charging pressure and 70° F. ; A cylinder must be condemned when it leaks, or when the permanent expansion exceeds 10 per cent, of the total expansion. When the charging pressure is less than 300 pounds to the square inch, it will not be necessary to measure the permanent expansion in quinquennial pressure tests provided the cylinder in question has pre- viously passed this test. All containers used for storage and transportation of com- pressed gases, under more than 15 pounds pressure to the square inch, must be plainly stamped with the date of the last test; for example. “9-13” for September, 1913. Containers that have not been tested and marked as prescribed herein must not be charged or transported until properly tested and marked. (O. R., §470: amended by ord. effective July 16, 1915; amended by ord. effective Sept. 18, 1917.) 4. Containers; certificate of approval. No person shall transport, store or sell any gas compressed to a pressure greater than 15 pounds to the square inch, except it be contained in a metal tank, cylinder or other metal container, of a type approved 276 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. by the fire commissioner or the interstate commerce commission. (O. R., §467; amended by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) 5. Pressure gauge. Containers, used for the storage of gas under pressure of more than 15 pounds to the square inch, shall be provided with a pressure gauge or with an opening to which such gauge may be attached, for determining the pressure of the gas in the container. No container exceeding 12 inches in length, containing liquefied gases, gases in solution or other gases under a pressure of more than 15 pounds per square inch at 70° F., except anhydrous ammonia, shall be filled within the city, except for immediate export; nor shall any such filled cylinder be brought into the city unless it be equipped with a safety device or fusible plug, of a type approved by the fire commissioner or interstate commerce commission, to prevent the explosion of a normally charged cylinder when placed in a fire. (O. R., §471; amended by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) 6. Stamped. Each container, used for the storage or transportation of gas under pressure, shall have plainly and permanently marked thereon the name of the original purchaser or manufacturer, or a mark by which the ownership or responsibility for filling the container can easily be established, and each container shall be identified by a serial number. When containers are tested a complete record shall be kept thereof, and this record, or a certified copy thereof shall, upon reasonable notice and demand, be produced for the inspection of the interstate commerce commission or the fire com- missioner. (O. R., §465; amended by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) 7. (Repealed by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) ] §212. Acetylene. 1. Approval of generator. No person shall generate acetylene, except in a gen- erator or other suitable apparatus of a type for which a certificate of approval shall have been issued; provided, however, that nothing contained in this section shall be construed as requiring a certificate of approval for an acetylene generator having a carbide capacity not exceeding 5 pounds. (O. R., §478.) 2. Containing building. Each building or compartment used for the generation and compression of acetylene, to a pressure greater than 15 pounds to the square inch, shall be constructed of fire-resisting material throughout, and shall be used for no other purpose. (O. R., §§482, 486.) 3. Stationary apparatus. Each stationary apparatus for generating acetylene shall be equipped with liquid seals, a safety valve, a blow-off valve or other automatic appliance for limiting the pressure of the gas to not more than 15 pounds to the square inch at a temperature of 70 degrees F. The apparatus shall be installed in a waterproof compartment having the floor, walls and roof of brick or reinforced concrete. The size of such compartment shall not exceed that required to allow the free operation of the apparatus and the storage of the necessary carbide. Each such apparatus shall bear the name of the manufacturer and the year of its manufacture, and shall be identified by a serial number. (O. R., §§483-485.) 4. Compression. No person shall compress acetylene, nor transport, store or sell acetylene compressed to a greater pressure than 250 pounds to the square inch at a temperature of 70 degrees F. (O. R., §§480, 481.) 5. Dissolving and absorbing. No person shall generate, transport, store or sell acetylene compressed to a pressure greater than 15 pounds to the square inch, except when it be dissolved in acetone, or other similar solvent, and simultaneously absorbed into asbestos or other suitable porous material, and confined in a tank or cylinder of a type for which a certificate of approval shall have been issued. (O. R., §479.) 6. Liquid. No person shall generate, manufacture, transport, store or sell any liquid acetylene. (O. R., §474.) 277 CHAP. 10, ART. 17, SECS. 213-214a. 7. Residue of carbide. All solid residue of calcium carbide shall be promptly removed from the building and disposed of; and no person shall discharge any such residue into public drain or sewer. ( O. R., §490.) 8. Storage tanks All tanks and cylinders used for the storage of acetylene under pressure, having originally passed the required test, shall be exempt from the quinquennial test, but shall be designed and constructed to withstand a pressure of 1,200 pounds to the square inch without rupture, and to withstand a pressure of at least 550 pounds to the square inch without exhibiting strain beyond the point of usefulness. Each tank and cylinder, used for the storage of acetylene under pressure, shall be tested to withstand a pressure of 500 lbs. to the square inch; and no person shall generate, transport, store or sell acetylene in an apparatus, tank or other con- tainer in the construction of which unalloyed copper is used. No tank or cylinder containing acetylene in quantities aggregating more than 2,500 cubic feet shall be stored in any building except under a special permit. Acetylene contained in tanks or cylinders, attached to vehicles and ready for use, shall not be included in com- puting the quantity stored in any building. (O. R., §§469, 470, 475-477 ; amended by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) 9. Use in public entertainment. No person shall generate acetylene in connec- tion with a motion picture show or exhibition or other public entertainment. (O. R., §489.) 10. Ventilating, heating and lighting. Each building or compartment used for the generation or compression of acetylene shall be well ventilated, shall be heated only by steam or hot water, and shall not be artificially lighted except by electric lights having air tight bulbs, globes or tubes. (O. R., §488.) 11. Fire prevention. No stove, forge, torch, boiler, furnace, flame or fire, and no electric or other appliance which is hkely to produce an exposed spark shall be allowed in any compartment used for the generation or compression of acetylene. (O. R., §487.) §213. Oxygen blow=pipes. 1. Certificate of approval. No person shall use oxygen and a combustible gas for heating, melting or welding, except in or through a blow pipe or other similar device or apparatus, of a type for which a certificate of approval shall have been issued. (O. R., §493.) 2. Certificate of fitness. No person shall operate a blow-pipe or other similar device or apparatus for heating, melting or welding without a certificate of fitness. (Amended by ord. effective Feb. 13, 1917.) 3. Permit. No person shall use oxygen in combination with a combustible gas, in or through a blow-pipe or other similar device, for heating, melting or welding, without a permit. (O. R., §491.) 4. Portable generators. No person shall use a portable generator in any building, for the purpose of supplying gas to a blow-pipe or other similar device or appara- tus, except where a certificate of approval for the generator has been issued, and, then only, when a special permit has been issued for its use. (O. R., §492.) §214. Regulation governing the manufacture and handling of soda water and carbonated beverages. 1. No person shall transfer carbonic acid from a container, with a pressure of more than 300 pounds per square inch, into a container of glass or metal, not capable of resisting a pressure equal to that in the original container, without a permit from the fire commissioner. 2. No person shall transfer carbonic acid from a container, with a pressure of more than 300 pounds per square inch, into a vessel or container of glass or metal, 278 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. not capable of resisting a pressure equal to that of the original container, without interposing between the two containers a pressure reducing and regulating device and between the said pressure reducing and regulating device and a weaker container a safety device of a type approved by the fire commissioner. 3. No person shall transfer carbonic acid from a container with a pressure of more than 300 pounds per square inch into any vessel or container of glass or metal without a certificate of fitness. (Added by ord. effective July 3, 1917.) §214a. Liquefied chlorine. 1. Permit required. No person, firm or corporation shall store, sell, use or transport any liquefied chlorine without a permit. 2. Certificate of fitness. No liquefied chlorine shall be used except under the constant supervision of a person holding a certificate of fitness. 3. Compression. No chlorine gas shall be compressed in The City of New York. 4. Storage and use. Liquefied chlorine gas may be stored only in quantities specified by the fire commissioner and under the following conditions : (a) In approved fireproof buildings used exclusively for the storage of liquefied chlorine. Such buildings shall be approved only when all the materials entering into their construction, including flooring and trim and partitions, whether temporary or permanent, are incombustible in character. (b) In enclosed lots or yards in sparsely settled sections, in the discretion of the fire commissioner and under such restrictions as he may deem necessary. (c) In buildings used for other purposes than the storage of liquefied chlorine, on the ground floor only, provided the containers of liquefied chlorine are located in a room or compartment constructed of fireproof or fire retarding material, which is easily accessible from the street or yard. If the room or compartment is not easily accessible from street or yard, it shall be provided with an approved auto- matic sprinkler system by means of which the compartment may be readily flooded with water, all of which shall be in accordance with plans approved by the fire commissioner. The cylinders of chlorine gas may be placed in a receptacle, approved by the fire commissioner, so arranged as to be automatically flooded with cold water from a reliable source in case of fire. (d) No permit shall be issued for the use of liquefied chlorine above the grade floor, except in a building occupied exclusively by the person, firm or corporation using the liquefied chlorine and protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system, except that in special cases where the use of liquefied chlorine existed prior to the adoption of these regulations this requirement might be waived by the fire com- missioner. (e) The number of liquefied gas cylinders permitted above the grade floor shall not in any case exceed in number twice the number actually connected and in use at any one time and the cylinders shall be supported from the ground' in such manner as not to be dependent for support upon any non-fireproof portion of the building construction. (f) No permit shall be issued for the storage or use of liquefied chlorine in any building used for a hotel, lodging house, tenement house, or dwelling, or in any building, lot or enclosure located within 50 feet of the nearest wall of a building occupied as a hospital, school, theatre or other place of public amusement or assembly. 6. Sale. No person, firm or corporation shall sell any liquefied chlorine for use within the City of New York, unless the purchaser thereof holds a permit to store or use liquefied chlorine. (Added by ord. effective Sept. 18, 1917.) (Sec. No. changed by ord. effective April 6, 1918.) 279 CHAP. 10, ART. 18, SECS. 216-219 ♦ARTICLE 18. Section 216. 217. 218. 219. 220 . 221 . Refrigerating Plants. Permits. Refrigerating plants. Pressure. Lights. Precautions. Exemptions. §216. Permits. Except as hereinafter provided in this article, it shall be unlawful to operate within the city any plant producing refrigeration by means of guises under pressure, in connection with cold storage plants, breweries, ice manufactures, hotels, restaurants or other places, without a permit. §217. Refrigerating plants. 1. Construction. Each refrigerating plant shall be equipped with an emergency pipe or pipes by which, in case of accident, the gas under pressure can be discharged by a valve which can be opened, both inside and outside the refrigerating plant, into water, or brought into contact with sufficient water to absorb and carry off all gases so discharged. At the discretion of the fire commissioner, the emergency pipe or pipes may conduct the gases to a point, at least 10 feet above the roofs of adjacent buildings into the open air. 2. Safety devices. All refrigerating machines shall be equipped with automatic safety devices, which discharge at 300 pounds pressure to the square inch for ammonia, 1,400 pounds pressure to the square inch for carbon dioxide, 100 pounds pressure to the square inch for sulphur dioxide, and 100 pounds pressure to the square inch for ethyl chloride into the emergency pipes required by the preceding section or into the low pressure side. 3. Exits. In refrigerating plants built and erected after July 1, 1915, every room containing pipes carrying a refrigerating chemical, under pressure exceed- ing 40 pounds per square inch for ethyl chloride, 60 pounds for sulphur dioxide, 100 pounds for ammonia and 500 pounds for carbon dioxide, and which by accident may become filled with the gases generated by said chemical, shall have an exit to the open air, directly or by means of stairway or to a room or hall from which said gases can be excluded. Other refrigerating plants shall be provided with such means of exit as the fire commissioner may prescribe. Rooms which contain only the liquid supply pipe to the refrigerator coils are not included within the meaning of this section. §218. Pressure. The maximum pressure allowed in refrigerating machines shall not exceed 300 pounds for ammonia, 1,400 pounds for carbon dioxide, 100 pounds for sulphur dioxide and 100 pounds for ethyl chloride to the square inch. All pipes used for refrigerating purposes shall stand a hydrostatic test of at least double the maximum pressure per square inch specified in this section. All fittings must be guaranteed to stand a pressure of at least 3 times the maximum pressure per square inch specified in this chapter. §219. Lights. No room containing refrigerating condensers or compressors of ammonia or ethyl chloride under pressure shall have in it any open flame, arc light or direct opening into the boiler room ; but an internal combustion engine may be located therein, which ♦Added by ord. effective May 25, 1915. 280 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. may be started in the usual manner. There shall be a fire wall between such room and the boiler room, equipped with a self-closing door. §220. Precautions. 1. Helmets or respirators. In such large refrigerating plants, as may be desig- nated by the fire commissioner, there shall be kept, fit and available for use, suitable helmets or respirators which shall permit the wearer to reach, without suffocation, any part of the refrigerating system. 2. Pipes to be designated. In all refrigerating plants the pipes in the engine room shall have conspicuous signs, displayed at proper places, designating in easily legible letters the name of the refrigerating chemical contained therein. 3. Rules. In all refrigerating plants there shall be posted several copies of a brief set of rules satisfactory to the fire commissioner, directing all employees as to their duties in case of fire or other emergencies. Employers shall be responsible for the proper drill of all employees in such emergency duties. 4. Supervision. No refrigerating plant using ammonia or carbon dioxide as a refrigerant, nor any refrigerating plant using over eight pounds of ethyl chloride or eight pounds of sulphur dioxide as refrigerants, shall be operated unless under the charge of a person holding a certificate of qualification issued by the police department. Any person holding a certificate of fitness to operate a refrigerating plant issued by the fire commissioner prior to the time when this ordinance takes effect shall be exempt from its provisions until the expiration of such certificate. 5. Certificate of qualification. Upon the request of any person who makes appli- cation to the police department for a license or certificate as engineer of any class or grade, or as to such applicant’s qualifications to operate such a refrigerating plant, he shall be examined by said department as to his qualifications to operate a refrig- erating plant, and, if he is found to be so qualified, said department shall so certify; such certification to continue in force one year unless sooner revoked or suspended. (Amended by ord. effective June 26, 1917.) §221. Exemptions. 1. Surplus storage. Refrigerating plants may store a surplus stock of the refrig- erating chemical of 2 cylinders or, if necessary, a quantity not to exceed 10 per cent, of the charge of the plant. No cylinders containing gas under pressure shall be stored in the boiler room. 2. Refrigerating machines of less than 3 tons capacity. The fire commissioner may exempt from the provisions of this article refrigerating machines of less than 3 tons refrigerating capacity, provided a certificate of approval has been issued for such machine. Section 230. 231. 232. 233. 234. ARTICLE 19. Nitrocellulose. Manufacture. Guncotton. Nitro-cellulose products. Scraps and other refuse materials. Fire prevention. §230. Manufacture. No person shall manufacture any gun cotton, soluble cotton or any other product of nitro-cellulose. (O. R., §496.) §231. Guncotton. No person shall transport, store, sell, use or otherwise handle gun cotton in any form, either alone or in combination with any other substance intended to be used as : 281 CHAP. 10, ART . 19, SECS. 232-233. (a) A blasting explosive, except in the manner provided in article 4 of this chapter ; (b) A propelling charge except in the manner provided in article 5 of this chapter. (O. R., §§497,498.) §232. Nitrocellulose products. 1. Permit. No person shall store or keep, manufacture or sell any nitro-cellulose product as defined in §1 of this chapter, or manufacture any article therefrom without a permit. (O. R., §500.) 2. Restrictions. No permit for the storage of nitrocellulose products, except in quantities less than 100 pounds, for purposes of manufacture of articles therefrom, shall be issued for any building: (a) Which is situated within 50 feet of the nearest wall of any building occupied as a school, theatre, or other place of public amusement or assembly; (b) Which is occupied as a tenement house, dwelling or hotel; (c) Which is artifically lighted by any means other than electricity; (d) Which is of wooden construction; (e) Which is not equipped with an approved system of automatic sprinklers; (f) Where paints, varnishes or lacquers are manufactured, stored or kept for sale; (g) Where matches, rosin, turpentine, oils, hemp, cotton, or any explosive, are stored or kept for sale. (O. R., §502.) 3. Storage of raw material. All nitrocellulose products in the form of blocks, slabs, sheets, rods, tubes or other shapes to be used for further manufacture, shall be kept stored in a fireproof room or compartment, constructed in accordance with plans submitted to and approved by the fire commissioner, and in all cases shall be provided with suitable ventilation. (O. R., §504, amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 4. Supervision. All premises used for the storage of nitrocellulose products, or for the manufacture of articles therefrom shall be continuously under the care and supervision of 1 or more persons, each holding a certificate of fitness as superintendent or manager thereof. The number of persons required to hold such certificate shall in each case be stated in the permit. (O. R., §503.) 5. Water-jet. Whenever, in the process of manufacturing articles from nitro- cellulose products, saws or cutting tools are used, which are likely to heat the material to the firing point by friction or otherwise, a jet of water shall continuously play upon the point of contact. (O. R., §507.) §233. Scraps and other refuse materials. 1. Fire-proof receptacles. No permit for the manufacture of any article com- posed wholly or in part of nitro-cellulose products shall be issued for any premises which are not equipped with an approved metal receptacle or container ; and all scraps, cuttings, shavings, sawdust and other refuse material of such products shall at frequent intervals, be collected and placed in such receptacle and kept continuously immersed in water. (O. R., §509.) 2. Removal. No person shall store or keep scraps, cuttings, shavings, sawdust or other refuse material of nitro-cellulose products in quantities greater than 350 pounds ; and all such scraps, cuttings, shavings, sawdust and refuse material shall be immediately removed and transported beyond the city limits. (O. R., §510.) 3. Traffic in. No person shall collect scraps, cuttings, shavings, sawdust or other refuse material of nitro-cellulose products, for the purpose of removing the same from the place of manufacture, without a permit. The provisions of this subdivision shall not apply to persons holding permits issued pursuant to §232 of this chapter, but, in any case, all such material shall be placed in containers of substantial construction, and not more than 2,000 pounds thereof shall be transported as a single wagon or truck load. (O. R., §§511, 513.) 282 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. §234. Fire prevention. 1. Exposed flame or spark. No heat other than steam or hot water, and no stove, forge, torch, boiler, furnace, flame or fire and no electric or other appliance likely to produce an exposed spark shall be allowed in any room or compartment used for the storage of nitro-cellulose products, or in any room or compartment used for the manufacture of articles therefrom. (O. R., §505.) 2. Fire-pails. No permit for the manufacture of articles from nitro-cellulose products shall be issued for any premises which are not equipped with at least 1 fire pail to every 2 persons employed therein ; and all such pails shall be kept continuously full of water. (O. R., §508.) ♦ARTICLE 20. Inflammable Motion-picture Films. Section 240. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. 246. Permit. Restrictions. Storage-rooms. Work-rooms. Fire prevention. Projecting machines. Transportation. §240. Permits. No person shall store or keep on hand any inflammable motion picture-films in quantities greater than 5 reels, aggregating more than 5,000 feet in length, without a permit. (O. R., §515.) §241. Restrictions. No permit for the storage of inflammable motion picture-films shall be issued for any building — (a) Which is situated within 50 feet of the nearest wall of any building occupied as a school, theatre, or other place of public amusement or assembly; (b) Which is occupied as a tenement house, dwelling or hotel; (c) Which is artificially lighted by any means other than electricity; (d) Which is of wooden construction; (e) Which is not equipped with an approved system of automatic sprinklers; (f) Which does not contain one or more separate rooms used exclusively for the storage of such films. (O. R., §§517, 518; amended by ord. effective June 22, 1915.) §242. Storage=rooms. A room, vault or compartment for the storage of inflammable motion-picture films shall not be artificially lighted except by electric lights, having airtight bulbs, globes or tubes, encased in suitable wire cages and fitted with keyless sockets. (O. R., §§519, 520; as amended by ord. effective June 22, 1915.) §243. Work-rooms. 1. Construction and fittings. All examining, repairing or piecing together of inflammable motion-picture films shall be done in a room used for no other purpose and separated from the rest of the building, by fireproof partitions and self-closing fireproof doors. All furniture and fittings in a room where inflammable motion-picture films are repaired or pieced together shall be of metal or other fireproof material. (O. R., §§521, 522.) 2. Quantity of film permitted. No more than 10 reels, nor more than 10,000 feet in the aggregate of motion-picture films, shall be under examination or repair at one ♦Amended by ord. effective June 22, 1915. 283 CHAP. 10, ARTS. 20-21 , SECS. 244-251. time; and each reel of films shall be kept in a tightly closed metal box when not being examined or repaired. (O. R., §523.) 3. Receptacles for waste. Each room used for the repairing or piecing together of inflammable motion-picture films shall contain a metal can, wherein all waste parts and scraps of such films shall be placed and kept covered with water. (O. R., §524.) 4. Supervision. All storage, manufacturing, repairing and examination of in- flammable motion-picture films shall be under the direct supervision of 1 or more persons holding a certificate of fitness from the fire commissioner; such persons shall be charged with the enforcement of §8 of this chapter prohibiting smoking. (Added by ord. effective June 22, 1915.) §244. Fire prevention. 1. Storage of cements. No collodion, amyl acetate or other similar inflammable cement or liquid in quantities greater than 1 quart shall be kept in a room where inflammable motion picture films are stored or repaired. Premises wherein in- flammable motion-picture films are stored, manufactured, repaired or examined shall be equipped with a number of sand and water buckets and fire extinguishers satisfactory to the fire commissioner. (O. R., §525; amended by ord. effective June 22, 1915.) 2. Heating appliances. No heat other than steam or hot water, and no stove, forge, torch, boiler, furnace, flame or fire, and no electric or other appliance likely to produce an exposed spark shall be allowed in any room used for the storage or repair of inflammable motion-picture films. (O. R., §526.) §245. Projecting machines. No inflammable motion-picture film shall be used in any moving-picture pro- jecting machine not enclosed in an approved booth. (O. R., §527; amended by ord. effective June 22, 1915.) §246. Transportation. No person shall transport inflammable motion-picture films in any underground subway train, or carry the same into any underground subway station, provided, how- ever, that the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to inflammable films trans- ported in the course of interstate commerce, in railway baggage or express cars under the jurisdiction and subject to the regulations of the interstate commerce commission. No person shall transport inflammable motion picture-films in any street car, elevated train, omnibus, ferryboat or other public conveyance, or carry the same into any railway station or ferryhouse, unless each film shall be separately enclosed in a tightly closed metal box. Not more than 8 films, so enclosed, shall be carried at one time by any person. (Added by ord. effective June 22, 1915.) Section 250. 251. 252. 253. ARTICLE 21. Distilled Liquors and Alcohols. Permit. Restrictions. Storage. Distillation or rectification. §250. Permit. No person shall manufacture distilled liquors, spirits or alcohols of any kind, by distillation or rectification, without a permit, nor shall any person store or keep distilled liquors, spirits or alcohols of any kind, in quantities aggregating more than 10 barrels, of 50 gallons each, without a permit. (O. R., §§529, 530.) §251. Restrictions. No permit shall be issued for the manufacture, distillation, rectification, or storage, of distilled liquor, spirits or alcohols, in any building — 284 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. (a) Which is situated within 50 feet of the nearest wall of any building occupied as a hospital, school, theatre or other place of public amusement or assembly ; (b) Which is of wooden construction ; (c) Which is not equipped with an approved fire extinguishing system. (O. R., §532.) §252. Storage. No person shall store distilled liquors, spirits or alcohols of any kind in excess of 1 barrel for each 4 square feet of floor space; and barrels containing liquors, spirits or alcohols shall not be stacked more than 2 high. (O. R., §533.) §253. Distillation or rectification. No person shall distill or rectify liquors, spirits or alcohols in any room or com- partment in which there is an open flame. (Added by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) ARTICLE 22. Oils and Fats. Section 255. Permit. 256. Restrictions. §255. Permit. No person shall store or keep on hand any oil, fat, grease or soap stock, exceeding the equivalent of 5 barrels, without a permit; provided that a person who holds a per- mit, issued in conformity with the provisions of article 8 or article 23 of this chapter, shall not be required to obtain a permit for the storage and use of such oils, fats, greases and soap-stock as may be incident to the business conducted thereunder. No person shall store upon any floor of a building any oil, fat, grease or soap-stock exceeding in weight Y of the safe bearing capacity of the floor, as certified to by the bureau of buildings, or covering when contained in barrels or other containers more than 2 /z of the floor space of such floor. (O. R., §§535, 538, 539.) §256. Restrictions. No permit shall be issued for the storage of oils, fats, greases or soap-stock in any building or premises — (a) Which is situated within 50 feet of the nearest wall of any building occupied as a school, hospital, theatre, or any other place of public amusement or assembly; (b) Which is occupied as a tenement house or hotel ; (c) Which is occupied as a workshop or factory, except such workshop or factory be incident to the business of the applicant ; (d) Which is of wooden construction, except in sparsely populated districts, where it shall be within the discretion of the fire commissioner ; (e) Which is not equipped with a fire extinguishing system satisfactory to the fire commissioner ; (f) Where matches or any explosives are stored or kept. (O. R., §537.) ARTICLE 23. Technical Establishments. Section 260. Permit. 261. Supervision. 262. Restrictions. §260. Permit. No person shall maintain or operate a technical establishment, as defined in §1 of this chapter, without a permit. Each such permit shall prescribe the maximum quantity of explosives, inflammable or combustible materials and substances to be stored, the 285 CHAP. 10, ARTS. 23-24 , SECS. 261-272. method of storing and using the same, and the necessary rules for the handling thereof, as well as the number of persons required to hold certificates of fitness. (O. R., §§541, 545.) §261. Supervision. No permit shall be issued under this title unless the establishment shall be con- tinuously under the care and supervision of 1 or more persons, each holding a certifi- cate of fitness as a superintendent or manager thereof. (O. R., §544.) §262. Restrictions. No person shall store for use, or to use in any technical establishment any liquid acetylene, acetylide of copper or other metallic acetylide; fulminate of mercury or any other fulminate or fulminating compound; nitroglycerine; chloride of nitrogen; amide or amine; blasting powder; smokeless powder; or gunpowder in any form; or any volatile product of petroleum (except rhigoline) having a boiling point lower than 60° F. (O. R., §546.) ARTICLE 24. Wholesale Drug=Stores and Drug and Chemical Supply-Houses. Section 270. Special permit. 271. Passageways. 272. Restrictions. 273. Laboratory. 274. Light and power. 275. Prohibited materials. 276. Quantities of supplies allowed. 277. Storage. 278. Supervision. 279. Fire prevention. §270. Special permit. No person shall maintain or operate a wholesale drug-store or drug and chemical supply-house, as defined in §1 of this chapter, without a special permit. (O. R., §548.) §271. Passageways. On each floor of a building occupied as a wholesale drug store or drug and chemical supply house, there shall be maintained, at distances not exceeding 15 feet apart nor more than 15 feet from either wall, open and unobstructed passageways at least 3 feet wide extending the entire length of the floor; and there shall be also maintained similar passageways running the entire width of the floor, the distance between which or from walls shall not exceed 25 feet. (O. R., §559.) §272. Restrictions. No permit shall be issued for a wholesale drug-store or drug and chemical supply- house in any building: (a) Which is situated within 50 feet of the nearest wall of any building which is occupied as a school, hospital, theatre, or other place of public amusement or assembly; (b) Which is occupied as a tenement house or hotel; (c) Which is occupied as a workshop or factory, except such workshop or factory is incident to the business of the applicant; or except in buildings constructed of fire resisting materials throughout, and when the portion of such building occupied by the applicant is separated from the rest of the building by fireproof walls and floors ; (d) Which is not equipped with a fire extinguishing system approved by the fire commissioner ; (e) Which is of wooden construction. (O. R., §550.) 286 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. §273. Laboratory. 1. Construction. The operation of compounding medicinal preparations, pro- prietary articles and similar materials, or analyzing or testing drugs, chemicals, medicinal preparations, proprietary articles and similar materials, when explosive or inflammable substances are required, shall be conducted only in a room or part of the premises separated from the rest of the building by fireproof walls and floors and having all openings thereto fitted with self-closing fireproof doors and windows. (O. R., §567.) 2. Heating. In laboratory operations where volatile inflammable oils or liquids are used as solvents or otherwise, in compounding, dispensing or preparing medicinal preparations, proprietary articles and similar materials, or in recovering such solvents by distillation, the source of heat employed shall be hot water, steam or electricity only; the use of an open flame of any kind being expressly forbidden. (O. R., §568.) §274. Light and power. 1. Lighting. Cellars and basements, used by wholesale druggist and chemical supply houses for the storage of volatile inflammable liquids, shall be provided with a sufficient number of incandescent electric lights to insure proper illumination through- out. Such lights shall be fitted with keyless sockets and shall be controlled by a switch or switches, located at or near the entrance to such cellar or basement on the grade floor, with a sign at such switch or switches reading “ Control of Basement Lights.” In addition to the lights herein provided for, there may be installed such individual electric lights as may be required, provided that they shall be controlled by an independent circuit. (O. R., §565; amended by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) 2. Power. No electric dynamo, motor hoist or other electric appliance likely to produce an exposed spark, shall be allowed in a room or compartment of a wholesale drug store or drug and chemical supply house, unless it be protected in such manner as is prescribed by the fire commissioner. (O. R., §566.) §275. Prohibited materials. No person shall manufacture or store in a wholesale drug store or drug and chemical supply house any of the following substances : 1. Acetylide of copper; 2. Amide or amine explosive : 3. Chloride of nitrogen ; 4. Colored fire in any form ; 5. Cymogene or any volatile product of petroleum (except rhigoline) or coal tar having a boiling point lower than 60° Fahrenheit; • 6. Flashlight powders; 7. Fulminate or any fulminating compound ; 8. Guncotton ; 9. Gunpowder in any form ; 10. Liquid acetylene ; 11. Nitro-glycerine, except in official U. S. Pharmacopoeia solution, or in form of pills, tablets, or granules containing not more than l-50th of a grain each; 12. Picrates ; 13. Potassium chlorate in admixture with organic substances or with phosphorus or sulphur; provided that this restriction shall not apply to the manufacture or storage of tablets of chlorate of potash intended for use solely for medicinal purposes ; 14. Rubber shoddy. (O. R., §551.) 287 CHAP. 10, ART. 24, SEC. 276. §276. Quantities of supplies allowed. No permit shall be issued for the storage in a wholesale drug store or drug and chemical supply house of any of the following substances in quantities greater than those set forth in the following schedule : 1. Explosives. Amyl nitrate in bottles 25 pounds Amyl nitrate in pearls 100 gross Carbon bisulphide 50 pounds Collodions 100 pounds in all Gases, liquified: Anhydrous ammonia 2 cylinders Carbon dioxide 2 cylinders Nitrous oxide 2 cylinders Oxygen 2 cylinders Sulphur dioxide 2 cylinders Nitroglycerine, 1 per cent, solution in alcohol 20 pounds Picric acid 25 pounds Soluble cotton 25 pounds in all 2. Volatile inflammable liquids ( insoluble ). Benzine, benzole or naphthas of any kind 150 gallons in all Coal tar 1 barrel Coal tar oils (heavy) 10 barrels Crude petroleum 1 barrel Ethyl chloride and other ethers 200 pounds in all Ether, nitrous 100 pounds in 5-pound package or less Ether, sulphuric 500 pounds Rhigoline 2 dozen 1-pound tins Varnishes, lacquers, etc 275 gallons in all Wood creosote 5 barrels 3. Volatile inflammable liquids (soluble). Acetone Alcohol, denatured Alcohol, ethyl Alcohol, methyl Aldehyde, ethyl 4. N on-volatile inflammable liquids ( insoluble ). Amyl acetate Amyl alcohol Aniline oil Cumol Essential oils Kerosene Nitrobenzole Terebene Toluol Turpentine Xylol 5. Non-volatile inflammable liquids (soluble). Glycerine 1 barrel 10 barrels 10 barrels 10 barrels 5 gallons 10 barrels 10 barrels 5 drums 5 barrels 10,000 pounds in all 1 barrel 5 drums 100 pounds 350 pounds 10 barrels 100 pounds 5,000 pounds 288 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. 6. Combustible solids. Metallic magnesium ; 100 pounds Phosphorus 11 pounds Phosphorus, red 11 pounds Sulphur 25 barrels in all 7. Gums , resins, pitch, etc. Burgundy pitch 5,000 pounds Camphor 8,000 pounds Gum thus 5 barrels Naphthaline 50 barrels in all Pitch (coal tar pitch) 2 barrels Resins, balsams and other varnish gums 8,000 pounds in all Rosin 5 barrels Shellac 2,500 pounds Stockholm tar 1,000 pounds Tar, refined (wood) 10 barrels Venice turpentine 2,000 pounds 8. Combustible fibres and powders ( vegetable ). Cotton, absorbent 2,000 pounds Cotton batting 10 bales Excelsior 25 bales Flax 20 bales Jute 25 bales Lampblack 10 barrels Lycopodium' 2,000 pounds Oakum 2 bales Pulverized charcoal 10 barrels Sawdust . 15 bags Straw, packing 10 bales 9. Dangerously corrosive acids. Anhydrous acetic 500 pounds Carbolic . 15,000 pounds Glacial acetic 2,000 pounds Hydrochloric 15 carboys Hydrofluoric 500 pounds Sulphuric 15 carboys 10. Acids. Chromic 100 pounds Iodic 5 pounds Nitric 3 carboys Nitric, fuming 25 pounds Periodic 2 pounds 11. Peroxides. Barium 2 casks Calcium 100 pounds Hydrogen, U. S. P 5,000 pounds Other hydrogen peroxides, over 3 per cent., not to exceed 15 per cent 500 pounds Potassium 10 pounds Sodium 25 pounds 12. Chlorates. Barium 500 pounds Other metallic 100 pounds in all 289 CHAP. 10, ART. 24, SEC. 277. Potassium 1,000 pounds Sodium 1,000 pounds 13. Perchlorates. Potassium 10 pounds Other metallic perchlorates 10 pounds in all 14. Permanganates. Potassium 1,000 pounds Sodium 100 pounds Other metallic permanganates 100 pounds in all 15. Nitrates. Barium 1,200 pounds Bismuth subnitrate 2,500 pounds Cobalt 1,000 pounds Copper 100 pounds Iron, ferric 200 pounds Mercury (mercuric) 100 pounds Mercury (mercurous) 10 pounds Potassium 2,000 pounds Silver 50 pounds Sodium ' 1,000 pounds Strontium 1,200 pounds Other metallic 500 pounds in all 16. Metallic oxides. Lead binoxide 25 pounds Lead (litharge) 1,200 pounds Lead (red) 500 pounds Mercury; yellow precipitate (mercurous) 200 pounds Mercury; red precipitate (mercuric) 100 pounds Silver 10 pounds 17. Substances made dangerous by contact with other substances. Calcium carbide 60 pounds Metallic potassium 5 pounds Metallic sodium 5 pounds All other metals of the alkalies or alkalone earths 5 pounds in all Phosphides 10 pounds Unslaked lime 2 barrels Zinc dust 100 pounds The fire commissioner may, in his discretion and when no unusual hazard is presented thereby, authorize the storage of greater quantities than those set forth in the foregoing schedule, or the storage of other substances not specified therein. (O. R., §§552, 555; amended by ord, approved July 16, 1915.) §277. Storage. 1. Chemical affinity. No person shall store chemicals in close proximity to each other when they are of an explosive nature, or when one increases the energy of de- composition of the other, or when they are so constituted that they may react upon one another and become explosive or inflammable. (O. R., §555.) 2. Liquids. The storage of acids or liquid chemicals which may cause explosions or combustion bv flowing into, upon or among chemicals or other substances, shall be provided with safety catch basins or a similar device, so that, in case of the leak- age of such acids or liquids, no danger to life or property will result. Carboys con- 290 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. taining nitric acid shall be stored only on brick concrete or asphalt floors, and in a vault or vaults situated below the street level ; and it shall be unlawful to permit sawdust, hay, excelsior, or any organic substance, or other acids or chemicals in close proximity to such carboys or stocks of nitric acid. A sufficient quantity of sand or infusorial earth shall be provided for absorbing all waste liquids from floors. (O. R., §§556-558; amended by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) 3. Volatile inflammable oil. Volatile inflammable oils, or liquids containing vola- tile inflammable oil, shall be stored in conformity with the provisions of articles 8, 9 and 10 of this chapter. (O. R., §560.) §278. Supervision. Each wholesale drug store or drug and chemical supply house shall be continuously under the care and supervision of 1 or more persons, each holding a certificate of fitness as manager or superintendent or foreman thereof. The number of persons required to hold such certificates shall be stated in the permit. (O. R., §554.) §279. Fire prevention. 1. Combustible waste. No person shall store or accumulate broken wood, waste paper or waste packing material of any kind in any part of the building where goods are packed or unpacked; such material shall be removed at the close of each day. Empty barrels, drums or containers, from which volatile inflammable oil or other in- flammable liquid has been taken, shall be removed from the premises as soon as pos- sible, and in no case shall they be stored therein more than 24 hours. (O. R., §§561, 563.) 2. Matches. No person shall keep or carry matches in a cellar or in a packing room of a wholesale drug store or drug and chemical supply house, or in any part of the premises where volatile inflammable oils or highly combustible substances are stored or handled. (O. R., §564.) 3. Packing rooms. Packing rooms shall be located as remotely as practicable from large stocks of stored goods ; and the packing room floor shall be kept as free as possible from hay, excelsior and other combustible packing material during work hours. At the close of each day, tables, floors and all parts of the packing room shall be swept clean of such materials, and the sweepings gathered into a metal box or other proper receptacle, which shall be kept closed at night. (O. R., §562.) ARTICLE 25. Section 290. 291. 292. 293. Retail Drug Stores. Permit; restrictions. Quantities of supplies allowed. Storage. Fire-prevention. •:i §290. Permit; restrictions. No person shall maintain or operate a retail drug store, as defined in §1 of this chapter, without a permit, but no such permit shall be issued authorizing the manu- facture, compounding, dispensing or storing of any of the drugs or chemicals specified in §275 of this chapter. (O. R., §§571, 573.) §291. Quantities of supplies allowed. No permit shall be issued for the storage, sale or use in a retail drug store of any of the following substances in quantities greater than those set forth in the fol- lowing schedule: 1. Acids. Carbolic 100 pounds Hydrochloric 200 pounds 291 CHAP. 10, ART. 25, SEC. 291. Nitric 15 pounds Picric 1 ounce Sulphuric 200 pounds 2. Volatile inflammable liquids. Acetone 5 pounds Amyl acetate 1 gallon Amyl alcohol 1 gallon Amyl nitrate 2 ounces in 1-ounce bottles 6 dozen pearls Ethyl alcohol 1 barrel Benzine, benzole and naphtha of any kind 5 gallons in 4-ounce bottles or pint tins Carbon bisulphide 3 pounds Collodion 5 pounds Denatured alcohol 1 barrel Ether, sulphuric 5 pounds Methyl alcohol 1 barrel Other ethers, in all 2 pounds Turpentine 1 barrel 3. Inflammable liquids. Essential oils 100 pounds in all Glycerine 500 pounds Pine tar 10 pounds 4. Combustible solids. Aluminum (powder) 1 pound Balsams and resins 50 pounds in all Campho'r 350 pounds Charcoal, powdered 10 pounds Lampblack 10 pounds Magnesium (powder) 8 ounces Magnesium (ribbon) 8 ounces Naphthalene 4 barrels Phosphorus, red 2 ounces Phosphorus, yellow 1 ounce Rosin * 10 pounds Sulphur and brimstone 250 pounds in all 5. Combustible fibres. Cotton, absorbent 150 pounds in cartons Cotton, batts 10 pounds in closed boxes or other containers Cotton, loose 5 pounds in closed boxes or other containers Excelsior, hay and straw 2 bales (except in stores located in tenement houses) Lint 10 pounds in closed boxes or other containers 292 EXPLOSIVES AND HAZARDOUS TRADES. Oakum 10 pounds in closed boxes or other containers 6. Oxidizers. Barium peroxide 1 pound Bismuth subnitrate 20 pounds Calcium peroxide 5 pounds Chromic acid 1 pound Lead oxide (red) 5 pounds Lime, unslaked 200 pounds in sealed metal cans All other metallic bichromates or chromates 50 pounds in all Mercuric oxide (red) 2 pounds Mercurous oxide 2 pounds Mercury nitrate 1 pound Phosphides 10 ounces in all Potassium bichromate 10 pounds Potassium chlorate 25 pounds in 5-pound ' containers or less Potassium nitrate 50 pounds Potassium perchlorate 1 ounce Potassium permanganate 5 pounds Silver nitrate 1 pound Silver oxide 1 ounce Sodium bichromate 10 pounds Sodium chlorate 5 pounds Sodium nitrate 25 pounds Sodium permanganate 1 pound The fire commissioner may in his discretion, when no extra hazard is permitted thereby, authorize the storage of larger quantities of substances than those set forth in the foregoing schedule, or of other explosives or inflammable substances not specifically named therein. (O. R., §§574, 575, amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) §292. Storage. 1. Chemical Affinities. No person shall store chemicals in close proximity to each other when they are of an explosive nature, nor when one increases the energy of decomposition of the other, nor when they are so constituted that they may react upon one another and become explosive or inflammable. (O. R., §576.) 2. Volatile inflammable oils. No person shall manufacture, compound, store or dispense volatile inflammable oil, or substances containing volatile inflammable oil, except under the conditions prescribed in articles 8, 9 and 10 of this chapter. (O. R., §577.) §293. Fire prevention. 1. Combustible waste. No person shall store or accumulate broken wood, waste paper, or waste packing material of any kind, in any part of the premises where goods are packed or unpacked. Such materials shall be removed at the close of the day. (O. R., §578.) 2. Lighting. Cellars and basements, used by retail drug stores for the storage of volatile inflammable liquids, shall be provided with a sufficient number of incandescent electric lights to insure proper illumination throughout. Such lights shall be fitted with keyless sockets and shall be controlled by a switch or switches, located at or near the entrance to such cellar or basement on the grade floor, with a sign at such switch 293 CHAP. 10, ART . 26, SEC. 300. or switches reading “Control of Basement Lights.” In addition to the lights herein provided for, there may be installed such individual electric lights as may be required, provided that they shall be controlled by an independent circuit. (O. R., §579; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) ARTICLE 26. Miscellaneous. Section 300. Violations. §300. Violations. Any person who shall wilfully violate or neglect or refuse to comply with any provision of this chapter, in addition to any other penalties prescribed by law or ordinance, shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than $500, or by imprisonment not exceeding 6 months, or by both such fine and imprisonment. (Amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 294 CHAPTER 11. FIRE=ARMS. Article 1. General provisions. ARTICLE 1. General Provisions. Section 1. Pistols or revolvers, keeping or carrying. 2. Discharge of small-arms. 3. Sale of toy-pistols. 4. Cannon firing. 5. Violations. §1. Pistols or revolvers, keeping or carrying. Every person to whom a license shall be granted to have and possess a pistol or revolver in a dwelling or place of business in the city shall pay therefor an annual fee of $1. Every person to whom a license shall be granted to have and carry concealed a pistol or revolver in the city shall pay therefor an annual fee of $1 ; provided, that no fee shall be charged or collected for a license to have and carry concealed a pistol or revolver which shall be issued upon the application of the commissioner of correc- tion, or the warden or superintendent of any prison, penitentiary, workhouse or other institution for the detention of persons convicted or accused of crime or offense, or held as witnesses in criminal cases in the city. The fees prescribed by this section shall be collected by the officials issuing the licenses referred to herein and shall be paid by them into the police pension fund, and a return in detail shall be made monthly to the comptroller by such officials of the fees so collected and paid over by them. (Ords. approved June 23, 1914, and May 11, 1915.) §2. Discharge of small=arms. No person shall fire or discharge any gun, pistol, rifle, fowling-piece or other fire- arms in the city; provided that the provisions of this section shall not apply to the following places: 1. In the Borough of Manhattan — The territory embraced within the areas of the three reservoirs in Central Park, including the embankments thereof, to enable the commissioner of water supply, gas and electricity to preserve waters of the city from pollution by seagulls; the bulkhead shed of Pier 58, North River, on the street level, occupied by the Mercantile Marine Rifle Club ; the premises of the Bohemian American Sharp Shooters Concord, located at 321-325 East 73d street; Grand Central Palace, on Lexington avenue, between 46th and 47th streets; the quarters of the In- wood Division of the Home Defense League at 4880 Broadway ; the quarters of the Rifle and Revolver Club of New York, Inc., in the basement of the premises located at No. 1140 St. Nicholas avenue; the Polo Grounds, 8th avenue, at 157th street; the grounds of the New York Motor Boat Club on the Hudson River, west of the rail- road tracks, extending from the north side of 146th street to the south side of 148th street ; 2. In the Borough of The Bronx — The Country Club, on Eastchester Bay; the grounds of Pelham Gun Club, foot of East Scofield street, City Island; the grounds of the City Island Yacht Club, at the foot of Cross street, City Island; the grounds of the Pleasant Bay Gun Club at Morris’ Cove, Ferry Point road, Unionport; the grounds of the Bronx County Rod and -Gun Club, at Higgs Beach, Clason Point; the grounds of the Whitcomb Gun Club, on the Schieffelin Estate in Edenwald; the 295 CHAP. 11, ART. 1, SEC. 2. grounds of the Harlem Yacht Club, Inc., at Hunter avenue, about 150 feet north of Ditmar street, on Pelham Bay, City Island; the grounds of the Pelham Gun and Boat Club at the foot of Ditmar street, City Island; the grounds of the Whitcomb Gun Club at the Eastern Boulevard and Fort Schuyler road; the grounds of the Horace Mann School for Boys, at Fieldston road and West 252d street; the grounds of the Miss’um Gun Club, on the westerly side of Pelham Bay, 150 feet south of Layton avenue, Throggs Neck; the grounds in Macomb’s Dam Park used by the War Department Employees’ Welfare Association, Inc. ; the grounds of the Old Crow Gun Club, at Morris’ Cove, Ferry Point road, Unionport; 3. In the Borough of Brooklyn — The grounds of the Bergen Beach Gun Club, in Bergen Beach; the grounds of the Bensonhurst Yacht Club, at the foot of Twenty- second avenue, facing Gravesend Bay; the grounds of the Bay View Gun Club, in the meadow lands, southeast corner of Cleveland street and Vandalia avenue, New Lots; the grounds of the Millrose Athletic Association, at the foot of Bay Eleventh street, Bath Beach; the grounds of Thomas J. Dunne, located on the east side of Surf ave- nue, distant 100 feet east of West 35th street, Coney Island; the grounds of the United Sporting Club, on the meadow lands south of the corner of Jerome street and Fairfield avenue, New Lots; the grounds of the Excelsior Bensonhurst Gun Club, Abraham’s Hotel, Conklin avenue and East 95th street; the grounds of the Marine and Field Club, Cropsey avenue and Bay 13th street ; the grounds of Boy Scout No. 9, located in the sand pit near the corner of Farragut road and East 41st street; the basement of the Community House, First Baptist Church, Lee avenue and Keap street ; 4. In the Borough of Queens — The Oakland Golf Club, Bayside and meadowland on Flushing creek; Cypress Hills Park, Evergreen; the grounds of the Stimmel Rod and Gun Club, foot of Bayside avenue, Whitestone; the grounds of the Bayside Yacht Club on Little Neck bay; the grounds of the College Point Gun Club in the meadow lands at the southeast corner of College Point causeway and Eleventh avenue, College Point; the grounds of the Long Island Rifle Club at Rosedale avenue and Foster’s Meadow road, Rosedale; the grounds of the Forest Hills Country Club, on the Flush- ing meadow at the southwest corner of Ibis street and Water-edge avenue, Forest Hills; Witzell’s Grove, at College Point; the grounds of the Little Neck Yacht Club, located at the sandpit on Little Neck bay; the grounds of the Jamaica Bay Yacht Club, located at Rockaway Beach; the grounds of the College Point Gun Club, located on the meadow land between College Point and Flushing, bounded as follows : on the east by the tracks of the Long Island Railroad, on the west by the Causeway; on the north by College Point, and on the south by Flushing; the grounds of the College Point Rifle Club, 25th street and Third avenue, Whitestone ; the grounds of the Little Neck Bay Yacht Club, Bayside; the grounds of the Rockaway Yacht Club, Inc., at Sixth avenue and Jamaica Bay, Rockaway Park; the grounds of the Jamaica Avenue Gun Club, between Brandt’s Hotel and Union Turnpike, Flushing; the grounds of the Malba Field and Marine Club, at Malba; the premises of James I. Reynolds, 24 Degrauw avenue, Jamaica; the grounds of the Douglaston Company of the Home Defense League in the gravel pit east of Jackson avenue, on the road to the water works, Douglaston; the premises of the General Chemical Company, situated between Montgomery, Hobson and Halle avenues, and the Long Island Railroad, Laurel Hill; the grounds of the Forest Hills Gun Club, situated on the marsh lands east of Semi- nole avenue, Forest Hills ; the quarters of Company A of the Home Defense League, in the cellar of the old armory on Amity street. Flushing; the grounds of the Broad Channel Yacht Club on Jamaica Bay, on the easterly side of the railroad trestle ex- tending 200 feet over the waters of Jamaica Bay; the grounds of the Kew Gardens Country Club, located in Kew Gardens, Richmond Hill, Long Island; the grounds of 296 FIRE-ARMS. the Flushing Rod and Gun Club, on the south side of Flushing Creek, west of Strong’s Causeway; 5. In the Borough of Richmond — The Robin Hood Gun Club, Fourth ward ; Wes- terleigh Men’s Club, south of Main street, West New Brighton; the grounds of the Northfield Gun Club on Old Stone Park, Graniteville, Third ward; the field of the West End Gun Club, situated on Woodrow road, midway between Huguenot ave- nue, and Foster road, Huguenot; the grounds assigned to the use of the Boys’ Brigade on the Cole farm at Great Kills; the grounds of the Kreischerville Rifle Club, located near Kreischerville, about 500 yards east of Fresh Kill road and 200 yards south of Sharrott’s road; the field of the West End Gun Club, situated on the beach east of Shore avenue, Prince’s Bay; (As amended at various times.) §3. Sale of toy=pistols. No person shall sell or dispose of to a minor any toy-pistol or pistol that can be loaded with powder and ball or blank cartridge to be exploded by means of metal caps; but nothing herein contained shall apply to the sale or disposal of what are known as firecracker pistols, torpedo pistols or such pistols as are used for the explosion of paper caps. (§37, Manhattan ords.) §4. Cannon firing. No member of a military organization nor any other person shall discharge a cannon or other piece of artillery, without a permit from the mayor so to do; but in no case shall the calibre of the cannon or other piece of artillery discharged or fired exceed that of a 4-pounder. The provisions of this section, except that relating to the calibre of the gun, shall not be operative on July 4th, in each year. §5. Violations. Any person who shall wilfully violate any provision of this chapter shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than $50, or by imprisonment not ex- ceeding 30 days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. (§34, Manhattan ords.) 207 CHAPTER 12. FIRES AND FIRE PREVENTION. Article 1. 2 . Section 1. 2 . 3. 4. 5. 6 . 7. 8 . Fire extinction. Fire prevention. ARTICLE 1. Fire Extinction. Jurisdiction over harbor fires. Idle or suspicious persons may be dispersed. Fire hose; hose bridges. Fire-hydrants. Fire-alarm telegraph. Street fires, permits required. Lighted matches, cigars, cigarettes, discarding of, regulated. Violations. §1. Jurisdiction over harbor fires. In case of fire occurring on any vessel in the port of New York, or in or upon any dock, wharf, pier, warehouse, building or other structure bordering upon or ad- jacent to said port, full power and authority to direct and command operation of extinguishing the said fire, and to take the necessary precautions to prevent communi- cation thereof to the shipping in said port or to the docks, wharves, piers, warehouses or other buildings or structures bordering upon or adjacent thereto, shall be vested in the fire department of the city. The officers of the fire department, in charge at the scene of any such fire, shall have full power and authority to direct the operation of extinguishing the same, and to take the necessary precautions to prevent the com- munication thereof to the shipping in said port, or to any docks, wharves, piers, ware- houses or other buildings or structures bordering upon or adjacent thereto; and, in the course of such operation, they may prohibit the approach to such fire, or to a vessel, dock, wharf, pier, warehouse or other building or structure in danger therefrom, of any tugboat or other vessel, or of any person ; or may remove, or cause to be removed and kept away from the vicinity of such fire, all tugboats or other vessels, all idle and suspicious persons and all persons not fit to be employed, or not actually and usefully employed, in their judgment, in aiding the extinguishing of such fire or in the preservation of property in the vicinity thereof. No person shall in any way obstruct the operations of the fire department in connection with any harbor fire, nor disobey any lawful command of the officers of the department, in charge at the scene of such fire, or of the police in co-operating with them; provided, that nothing in this section contained shall be construed to limit the authority of the master or officers of any vessel, on fire or in danger from fire, subject to the general authority granted herein of the department to control operations in the protection of the public interest. (Charter, §756.) §2. Idle or suspicious persons may be dispersed. During the actual prevalence of any fire, the officers of the police and fire depart- ment shall remove, or cause to be removed and kept away from the vicinity of such fire, all idle and suspicious persons, and all persons not fit to be employed, or not actually and usefully employed in aiding the extinguishment of such fire or in the preservation of property in the vicinity thereof. (Charter, §755.) 298 FIRES AND FIRE PREVENTION. §3. Fire hose; hose bridges. No driver of a vehicle, nor chauffeur of a motor-vehicle, shall drive any such vehicle over or across any hose in use, or about to be used, or while lying in the carriageway after being used by any portion of the fire department, for extinguishing fire; but the provisions of this section shall not apply to drivers of wagons carrying the United States mail, nor to drivers of ambulances when conveying any patient or injured person to any hospital, or when proceeding to the scene of any accident by which any person or persons have been injured; nor to the driver of any vehicle directed or permitted to drive over or across any such hose, by the officer of the fire department in command of the force operating at a fire. The fire commissioner is empowered to provide for laying fire hose over the railway tracks of the City, when necessary, by suitable hose-bridges. Railway companies operating cars within the city shall provide, pay for and use such hose-bridges as may be designated by the commissioner. (C. O., §§550, 550a; §83, Manhattan ords. ; §27, Brooklyn ords. ; Charter, §749.) §4. Fire=hydrants. 1. Opening or tampering with. No person, other than an employee of the depart- ment of water supply, gas and electricity, or the fire department, shall open, use or tamper with a fire-hydrant or high-pressure hydrant, without previous permission in writing from the commissioner of water supply, gas and electricity; nor shall any person leave such a hydrant open for a longer period than shall be limited in the per- mission or use water for other purposes than shall have been authorized by the com- missioner. (C. O., §§288, 291, 204; §1, ords. of L. I. City; Charter, §750.) 2. Obstructing. No person shall in any manner obstruct the use of any fire hydrant, or allow any snow or ice to be thrown or piled upon or around the same, or place, or allow to be placed, any material or thing in front thereof, from the curb line to the center of the street and to within 10 feet from either side thereof. All snow and ice accumulating in the street, within the space hereinbefore mentioned, shall be removed by the owner, lessee, or tenant, of the premises fronting the said space, in the same manner as is prescribed for the keeping clear of the sidewalk. All material or things found obstructing any fire hydrant may be forthwith removed by the officers or employees of the fire department, at the risk, cost and expense, of the owner or claimant. The fire commissioner shall take all proper measures to keep fire hydrants from freezing, and in proper condition for use at all times. (Id.) §5. Fire=alarm telegraph. 1. Protection of. The fire-alarm telegraph system shall not be operated or used except by the fire commissioner, or officers and employees of the fire department charged with its operation or maintenance or authorized to use it for instruction or drill ; provided policemen and citizens may freely operate the same to communicate actual alarms of fire. No person shall use the keys or appliances thereof for com- municating a false alarm ; nor shall any person experiment or tamper therewith, for any purpose whatever, or have or possess any key thereof, without such authority. No person shall post, paint, impress, or in any way affix to any pole connected with the fire-larm telegraph, or any box, wire or other appliance connected therewith, any placard, sign, broadside, notice, or announcement of any kind; nor shall any person cut, mutilate, alter, mar, deface, cover, obstruct or interfere with the same in any manner whatsoever ; nor paint or cause to be painted the poles of any other telegraph, or any other poles on the lines thereof, of a color or colors, similar to those of poles upon which are fire alarm boxes, or in imitation thereof, nor consent, allow, or be privy to any of said things done for them or upon their behalf. (Charter, §729; C. O., §532; §§19, 22, Brooklyn ords.; §§4, 5, Arverne ords.) 299 CHAP. 12, ART. 1, SECS. 6-8. 2. Kite-flying. No kite shall be flown, raised, or put up in any street adjacent to the lines of said telegraph, or be allowed to become entangled with the wires or apparatus thereof. (Id.) 3. False-alarms. No person shall wilfully or designedly raise, create or con- tinue a false-alarm of fire, or aid, abet or assist in raising, creating or continuing such a false alarm. (Id.) Police officers are specially charged and directed to aid in the enforcement of this section. (Id.) §6. Street fires, permits required. No person shall kindle, build, maintain or use a fire upon any dock, pier or bulk- head; nor in or upon a street or vacant lot, without a permit from the fire commis- sioner. A permit to kindle, build, maintain and use a fire in or upon a public street, for the purpose of conducting a trade or business, may be issued by the fire commis- sioner upon an application giving such information as may be required by him, and upon receipt of a fee of $0.50; except that no fee shall be required for permits issued for the kindling and maintaining of such fires for the sole purpose of destroying fallen leaves outside of the fire limits. No permit shall be issued, however, to kindle, build, maintain or use a fire — (a) Within 15 feet of a fire hydrant; (b) Within 2 feet of the surface of any stone pavement; (c) On, or within 2 feet of the surface of any asphalt pavement, except for the purpose of repairing, removing or constructing the same. A fire kindled, built and maintained under a permit, issued in conformity with the provisions of this section, shall be continuously under the care and direction of a competent person from the time it is kindled until it is extinguished. (Mun. Expl. Regs., §§594-597; C. O., §546; §11, Arverne ords. ; §7, Rockaway Beach ords., amended by ord. effective Apr. 11, 1916.) §7. Lighted matches, cigars, cigarettes, discarding of, regulated. No person shall throw away any lighted match, cigar or cigarette within any building or structure on in any boat, car or other vehicle for the common carriage of passengers unless it be to deposit the same in a suitable container of metal or other non-combustible material provided for the reception thereof. (Added by ord. effective Dec. 31, 1915.) §8. Violations. Any person who shall violate, or refuse or neglect to comply with, any provision of this article shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $100, or by imprisonment not exceeding 30 days, or by both such fine and imprison- ment; and any such person shall, also, for each offense, be subject to the payment of a penalty in the sum of $50, to be recovered in a civil action brought in the name of the commissioner. (New.) ARTICLE 2. Fire Prevention. Section 20. *20a, 21 . 22 . 23. 24. Fire-alarm and fire-extinguishing appliances. Elevator in readiness. Watchmen; interior fire-alarms; diagrams of means of egress. Fire-drills in schools ; interference with. Lights. Storage of combustible fibres. *Added by ord. effective June 26, 1917. 300 FIRES AND FIRE PREVENTION. Section 25. Storage of empty wooden packing boxes, cases and barrels. 26. Modifications. 27. Smoking. 28. Barns and stables. 29. Ashes. 30. Chimneys and flues. *30a. Vessels required to be equipped with spark arresters, etc. 31. Violations. f32. Charitable institutions ; waiving of fees. §20. Fire=alarm and fire=extinguishing appliances. The owners and proprietors of all manufactories, hotels, tenement-houses, apart- ment houses, office buildings, boarding and lodging-houses, warehouses, stores and offices, theatres and music halls, and the authorities or persons having charge of all hospitals and asylums, and of the public schools and other public buildings, churches and other places where large numbers of persons are congregated for purposes of worship, instruction or amusement, and all piers, bulkheads, wharves, pier sheds, bulk- head sheds or other water-front structures, shall provide such means of communi- cating alarms of fire, accident or danger to the police and fire departments, respect- ively, as the fire commissioner or the police commissioner may prescribe, and shall also provide such fire hose, fire extinguishers, buckets, axes, fire hooks, fire doors and other means of preventing and extinguishing fires as the fire commissioner may direct. (Ord. effective Jan. 1, 1912; amended by ord. appd. Nov. 19, 1918.) §20a. Elevator in readiness. In every building exceeding 150 feet in height, at least one elevator shall be kept in readiness for immediate use by the fire department, during all hours of the night and day, including holidays and Sundays, and there shall be in attendance at all times a man competent to operate the elevator. (Added by ord. effective June 26, 1917.) §21. Watchmen; interior fire=alarms; diagrams of means of egress. 1. Watchmen. In every building used or occupied as a hotel, lodging-house or public or private hospital or asylum, there shall be employed by the owner or pro- prietor, or other person having the charge or management thereof, one or more watch- men whose exclusive duty it shall be to visit every portion of such building at regular and frequent intervals, under rules and regulations to be established by the commis- sioner, for the purpose of detecting fire or other sources of danger, and giving timely warning thereof to the inmates of the building. There shall be provided a watch- man’s clock, or other device, to be approved by the commissioner, by means of which the movements of the watchman may be recorded. The fire commissioner may, how- ever, in his discretion, accept an automatic fire alarm system in lieu of watchmen and time detectors. (Amended by ord. effective Sept. 18, 1917.) 2. Interior fire alarms. In every hotel, lodging-house, public or private hospital or asylum, department store, and public school, there shall be placed and provided, when required by the fire commissioner, an adequate and reliable electrical or other interior alarm system, to be approved by the said commissioner, by means of which alarms of fire or other danger may be instantly communicated to every portion of the building. The fire alarm apparatus and all other appliances placed or kept within any of said buildings for the purpose of preventing or extinguishing fires, or for affording means of escape therefrom in case of fire, shall be kept at all times in good working order and proper condition for immediate use, and any member of the uniformed force or authorized representative of the fire department may enter any of the said ♦Added by ord. effective April 3, 1917. fAdded by ord. effective Jan. 7, 1918. 301 CHAP. 12, ART. 2, SECS. 22-24. buildings at any time, for the purpose of inspecting such apparatus or appliances. (Amended by ords. effective Sept. 18, 1917, and Jan. 7, 1918.) 3. Diagrams of means of egress. In any of the buildings referred to in this section, when required by the fire commissioner, there shall be posted such cards as the said commissioner shall direct upon which shall be printed a diagram showing the exits, halls, stairways, elevators and fire escapes of the building, and, in the halls and passageways, such signs as the said commissioner shall direct shall be posted indicating the location of the stairs and fire escapes. (Amended by ord. effective Sept. 18, 1917.) §22. Fire=drills in schools; interference with. No person shall drive a vehicle of any kind through a line of children issuing from or returning to a public school during a fire drill, nor interfere, hinder, obstruct or impede in any way whatsoever any such fire drill. (Ord. effective March 25, 1913.) §23. Lights. All lights used in theatres and other places of public amusement, manufactories, stores, hotels, lodging-houses and in show windows shall be properly protected by globes or glass coverings, or in such other manner as the commissioner shall pre- scribe. (Ord. effective Jan. 1, 1912.) §24. Storage of combustible fibres. 1. Definition. As used in this section, “combustible fibre” means any finely divided vegetable or animal fibre, including paper and cloth, in the form of scraps or clipping; hay; straw; excelsior; dried moss, excepting moss used for medicinal pur- poses; grasses and similar substances. (Mun. Expl. Reg., §38.) 2. Permit required. No person shall store or keep on hand in any premises any combustible fibre or material in excess of 1 ton without a permit from the com- missioner; provided, however, that in rural communities outside of fire limits, no permit shall be required for the storage of hay and straw in barns or out-of-doors stacks, where such stacks are not within 50 feet of a building occupied as a dwelling. The annual fee for such a permit shall be for quantities of 10 tons or more, $10; over 5 tons and less than 10 tons, $5; over 1 ton, and less than 5 tons, $2. (Mun. Expl. Regs., §§112, 581; amended by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) 3. Restrictions. No permit shall be issued for such storage in any building or premises : a. Situated within 50 feet of the nearest wall of a building occupied as a school, hospital, theatre or other place of public amusement or assembly; b. Occupied as a tenement house, or hotel; c. Of wooden construction, except in sparsely populated districts, where it shall be in the discretion of the commissioner; d. Which is not equipped with a fire extinguishing system, approved by the fire commissioner; e. Where paints, varnishes, or lacquers are manufactured, stored or kept for sale; f. Where dry goods, or other highly inflammable materials are manufactured, stored or kept for sale; g. Where matches, rosin, turpentine or any explosives are stored or kept (Mun. Expl. Regs., §584.) 4. Weight limit. No person shall store upon any floor of a building any com- bustible fibre exceeding in weight 1/3 of the safe bearing capacity of such floor, as certified by the bureau of buildings having jurisdiction; or covering, when baled, more than 2/3 of the floor space of such floor, and no such material shall be piled 302 FIRES AND FIRE PREVENTION. to a greater height than 2/3 of the distance from the floor to the ceiling. (Mun. Expl. Regs. §584.) 5. Exemption. A person who holds a permit, issued under chapter 10 of this ordinance, for a business to which the use of combustible fibres is an incident, shall not be required to obtain an additional permit under the provisions of this article. (Mun. Expl. Regs., §585.) 6. Factories. The storage of combustible fibres in any building used as a factory or workshop (except where such combustible fibre enters into the article or material manufactured in such workshop or factory) is prohibited, unless such combustible fibre does not exceed 5 tons and is used and stored in a portion of the premises separated from the remainder of the building by walls, floors and ceilings, protected by fire retarding material and with all floor openings similarly protected and con- structed in a manner approved by the fire commissioner. In no event shall more than 1 permit be granted for the storage of combustible fibre in a single building used as a factory or workshop. (New; added by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) §25. Storage of empty wooden packing boxes, cases and barrels. 1. Permit required. No person shall store in any building, shed, inclosure or other structure any empty wooden packing boxes, cases or barrels, in a quantity occupying a space greater than 2,000 cubic feet, without a permit from the commissioner. The annual fee for such a permit shall be $5. (Mun. Expl. Regs., §§123, 587.) 2. Restrictions. No permit shall be issued for the storage of empty wooden packing boxes, cases or barrels in any lot, shed or inclosure : a. Which is not enclosed by a substantial fence not less than 10 nor more than 18 feet in height above the street level. If any building having an unpierced fire wall adjoins the enclosure no fence shall be required on the side of such building. The storage space shall be completely separated from any window or door openings of the wall of an adjoining building by a substantial fence of fire-retarding material, of a height satisfactory to the fire commissioner, erected at least 6 feet from such opening and extended at least 6 feet on each side thereof and continued to the sides of the enclosure or carried to the walls of the building. No permit shall be issued authorizing the storage of empty wooden packing boxes or barrels in any building or structure the walls of which are not built of fire- proof material except in sparsely populated districts. b. Which is situated within 50 feet of the nearest wall of a building occupied as a hospital, school, theatre or other place of public amusement or assembly. (Mun. Expl. Regs., §§589, 590; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) 3. Fire prevention. No person shall pile empty wooden packing boxes, cases or barrels to a height greater than 6 inches below the top of the inclosing wall, required by subdivision 2 of this section. Excelsior, sawdust, paper and packing material shall be removed from the premises at least once daily; electric motors shall be enclosed in an approved manner ; at least 12 water buckets of 10 quarts capacity shall be provided for every 2,500 square feet of floor surface, or in lieu thereof, hose of at least 1 inch in diameter, equipped with a nozzle of at least y 2 inch in diameter sufficient in length to reach all parts of the enclosure, and connected to an ade- quate water supply. (Mun. Expl. Regs., §§591, 592; amended by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) §26. Modifications. When the circumstances, conditions, limitations or surroundings of any busi- ness, occupation, trade, industry or premises, referred to in sections 24 and 25 of this article, are unusual, or such as to render impracticable or unduly burdensome 303 CHAP. 12, ART. 2, SECS. 27-30a the enforcement of the provisions of the said sections applicable thereto, the fire commissioner may waive or modify such provisions to such extent as he may deem necessary in the premises consistent with public safety. (Added by ord. effective Apr. 25, 1916.) §27. Smoking. No person shall smoke or carry a lighted cigar, cigarette, pipe or match within any room, enclosed space, cellar, basement, or in any part of any premises in which any highly combustible or inflammable material is manufactured, stored or kept for use or sale. Offices, not containing highly combustible or inflammable material, and separated from the other parts of said places or premises by a tight partition or a self-closing door, shall be exempt from this prohibition. (Mun. Expl. Regs., §599.) §28. Barns and stables. No person shall take into or use in any barn or stable any lighted candle, oil or fluid lamp, or any burning light of any kind whatsoever unless the same be inclosed and secured in a good glass, horn or other lantern. (§25, Brooklyn ords.) §29. Ashes. No person shall deposit ashes on the wooden floor of any building, nor in any barrel, or box, or other wooden vessel standing on any such floor, nor place any such barrel, box or other vessel containing ashes, upon any such floor. (§26, Brooklyn ords.) §30. Chimneys and flues. If any chimney, stove-pipe, or flue shall take fire, the owner of the building or premises to which such chimney, stove-pipe, or flue appertains shall forfeit the sum of $5, except that, where a tenant occupies the entire building or premises, the tenant and not the owner of the building shall forfeit the said sum. (Charter, §760.) §30a. Vessels required to be equipped with spark arresters, etc. 1. It shall be the duty of every owner, agent, master or captain of any vessel or craft, propelled in whole or in part by steam, or on which any steam engines, boilers or stoves are used, to cover securely each funnel or smokestack on such vessel with an efficient metal spark arrester, the wire mesh of which shall not be less than four to the inch, when crossing the pierhead line in approaching any grain elevator, or any pier, in waters within the jurisdiction of the City, at which cotton or naval stores are being handled or stored, and shall keep the same covered the entire time while within said pierhead line. 2. It shall be the duty of every owner, agent, master or captain of any such ves- sel, propelled in whole or in part by steam, while loading or discharging cotton or naval stores into or from said vessel at any pier in waters within the jurisdiction of the city, to protect or have protected all hatch combings so that the cargo of cotton or naval stores so loaded or unloaded shall not come in contact with the combings. 3. It shall be the duty of every owner, agent, master or captain of any vessel or craft, propelled in whole or in part by steam, while in waters within the jurisdic- tion of the city, and while said vessel or craft is loading or discharging a cargo of cotton or naval stores, to couple its fire hose and keep the same ready for use at all times while so loading or discharging such cargo at said wharf or pier, and it shall keep sufficient steam while so loading or discharging, at all hours, on the donkey or one of the main boilers, to enable a full stream of water to be turned on in case of fire occurring upon or alongside said vessel or craft; and to supply such vessel with sufficient fire hose to reach to each and every hatch of said vessel or craft (Added by ord. effective Jan. 7, 1918.) 304 FIRES AND FIRE PREVENTION . §31. Violations. Except as otherwise provided in this article, any person who shall violate, or re- fuse or neglect to comply with, any provision of this article shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $500, or by imprisonment not ex- ceeding 6 months, or by both such fine and imprisonment; and any such person shall, also, for each offense, be subject to the payment of a penalty in the sum of $250, to be recovered in a civil action brought in the name of the commissioner. (Charter, §773; Penal Law, §1937.) §32. Charitable institutions; waiving of fees. No charitable institution in the City of New York, which serves the public free of charge, shall be required to pay any fees for any permit required under the pro-' visions of chapter 12 of the code of ordinances, provided the material for which the permit is required is owned and used in connection with such institution. (Added by ord. effective April 3, 1917.) 305 Article 1. General provisions. CHAPTER 13. HOSPITALS. ARTICLE 1. General Provisions. Section 1. Emergency cases. 2. Incurables ; deaths. 3. Insane, temporary care. 4. Non-residents, treatment. 5. City employees injured in course of duty. §1. Emergency cases. Any person injured or taken sick in the street or in any public place, who may not' be safely removed to his or her home, may be sent to and shall be received by any pub- lic hospital, for temporary care and treatment, irrespective of his or her place of residence. (Charter, §692, subd. 7.) §2. Incurables; deaths. Whenever any sick person in any public hospital shall, in the judgment of the board or officer having jurisdiction thereof, cease to be a proper case for treatment therein, such person shall be transferred to the care, custody and control of the commissioner of public charities, who shall forthwith receive and care for such person. In case any sick person under treatment in any public hospital, not under the control of the department of public charities, shall die. the officer in charge of such hospital may call upon the commissioner of public charities to receive and remove the body of such person, and the commissioner shall forthwith receive and remove the same for burial, or other proper disposition. The cost and expense of such reception, removal, burial, or other proper disposition shall be borne and paid by the department of public charities. (Charter, §692, subd. 10.) §3. Insane, temporary care. There shall be provided and maintained in every public hospital suitable wards, or rooms, for the examination and temporary care of persons alleged to be insane. (Charter, §692, subd. 7.) §4. Non-residents, treatment. Persons who do not reside in the city may be received and treated in any public hospital ; provided the person so received shall be required to pay such sum for board and attendance as may be fixed by the board or officer in charge of the hospital, but no such person shall be received to the exclusion of residents of the city. The board or officer, in charge of a hospital receiving non-resident patients, shall collect and pay over all such moneys to the chamberlain once every month. The board or officer, upon receiving such payments, shall report the same to the comptroller, and the amounts so collected shall be paid into the general fund. (Charter, §§678 and 692, subd. 8.) §5. City employees injured in course of duty. Any member of the uniformed forces of the fire or police departments who shall be injured while actually employed in the discharge of police or fire duty, as the case may be, or while under orders of his superior officers in the police station or fire house, as the case may be, or who as the result of illness traceable directly to the performance of police or fire duty, as the case may be, or a member of the uni- formed force of the department of street cleaning, or any employee of the departments of parks, water supply, gas and electricity, docks and ferries or plant and structures, who shall be injured while actually employed in the discharge of duty, when certi- fied to by the head of the department, shall be received by any hospital for care and treatment at the usual ward patient rates. The bill for such care and treatment at such rates, when certified by the superintendent or other person in charge of such hospital and approved by the head of the department concerned shall be paid subject to audit by the comptroller. (Added by ord. effective May 22, 1917 ; amd. by ords. appd. May 3 and July 26, 1918.) 306 CHAPTER 14. Article 1. 2 . 3. 4. 5. 6 . 7. 8 . 9. 9a. 10 . 11 . 12 . 13. 14. *15. +16. $17. LICENSES. General provisions. Billiard and pool tables. Bowling alleys. Dealers in second-hand articles. Dirt carts. Expresses and expressmen. Exterior hoists. Hacks, cabs and taxicabs. Junk dealers. Pawnbrokers. Peddlers, hawkers and venders. Public carts and cartmen. Public porters. Shooting galleries. Street musicians. Massage institutes and operators. Lessees of tenements. Bathing establishments and bathhouse keepers. Section 1. 2 . 3. 4. 5. 6 . 7. ARTICLE 1. General Provisions. When required. Licensees must be citizens. How issued. Registration of licenses; deposit of fees. Suspension and revocation of licenses. Duties of licensees. Inspections. §1. When required. In addition to the businesses, places, trades, occupations and things required to be licensed by statute or by other chapters of this code, the following must be duly licensed as herein provided, namely: (a) Billiard and pool tables; (aa) Bathing establishments and bathhouse keepers. (b) Bowling alleys ; (fc) Dealers in second-hand articles; (d) Dirt carts; (e) Drivers or chauffeurs of hacks, cabs, taxicabs and expresses ; (f) Expresses and expressmen ; (g) Exterior hoists; (h) Hacks, cabs and taxicabs; (i) Hand organs; (j) Itinerant musicians; (k) Junk dealers; *(kk) Massage operators and institutes. (*Added by ord. approved Nov. 27, 1916.) (fAdded by ord. effective Dec. 30, 1919.) ($Added by ord. approved July 22, 1920.) 307 CHAP. 14, ART . 1, SECS. 2-5. (l) Peddlers, hawkers and venders; (m) Public carts and cartmen; (n) Public porters; (o) Shooting galleries; (p) Street musicians; (q) Stands within stoop lines and under the stairs of elevated or subway stations; No person shall engage in, or carry on any business, trade or occupation or main- tain any place or thing specified in this section without a license therefor. (C. O., §§305, 306.) §2. Licensees must be citizens. No person shall be licensed, nor shall any existing license be renewed, under any provisions of this chapter or of chapters 3 and 23 of this ordinance, except a citizen of the United States, or one who has regularly declared his intention to become a citi- zen. The commissioner of licenses shall revoke the license of any person who, hav- ing declared his intention of becoming a citizen, fails to acquire citizenship within six months after his right to do so accrues, or within six months after this ordinance shall take effect. (C. O., §307, amended by ord. appd. Oct. 24, 1919.) §3. How issued. All applications for licenses shall be made to the commissioner of licenses, in such form and detail, as he shall prescribe. All licenses shall be issued on etablished forms, which shall be printed in book form with corresponding stubs. They shall be con- secutively numbered, with suitable blank spaces for writing in the name and residence of licensee, the kind and class of license granted, the location and privileges allowed and the amount of fee paid. All licenses shall be granted for a term of 1 year from the date hereof, unless sooner suspended or revoked, or otherwise specifically provided by law or ordinance. (C. O., §§302, 303, 307.) §4. Registration of Licenses; deposit of fees. All licenses shall be duly classified and recorded in suitable registers and fully indexed. There shall be kept in the principal office of the department and in each and every branch office thereof, a book recording consecutively, day by day, each license issued, showing its kind and class, whether new or renewal, name of licensee, regular number of blank form and amount of fee received therefor. A daily report, showing all of the above details, shall be made by each branch office to the principal office of the department. There shall also be kept in the principal office of the department a book showing a statement of all licenses issued, and fees received by the department and its branches, tabulated by days, months and quarters of the year, and compiled annually. Each register of licenses shall be a public record and extracts therefrom may be certified by the commissioner of licenses, or a deputy commissioner or assistant in charge of a branch office of the department, for use as evidence. All moneys received as license fees shall be duly deposited in a designated city depository the day following their receipt. (C. O., §§302, 303, 304.) §5. Suspension and revocation of licenses. The commissioner of licenses is empowered to hear and determine complaints against licensees, and to suspend or revoke any license or permit issued by him, under any provision of this ordinance. The commissioner when investigating any matters pertaining to the granting, issuing, transferring, renewing, revoking, suspending or cancelling of any license, is hereby authorized in his discretion to take such testi- mony as may be necessary on which to base official action. When taking such testi- mony, he may subpoena witnesses and also direct the production before him of neces- sary and material books arid papers. The commissioner may, in his discretion, delegate 308 LICENSES. to the deputy commissioners of licenses, to the chief of the division of licensed vehicles and the chief of the Brooklyn office of the department the power and duty of taking testimony, and the said officials when so delegated may subpoena witnesses, books and papers with the same force and effect as if subpoenaed by the commis- sioner. The said delegated officials shall have the testimony taken before them reduced to writing and transmit the same to the commissioner for final action. The commissioner or a deputy commissioner of licenses, the chief of the division of licensed vehicles or the chief of the Brooklyn office of the department, shall have power to hear and determine complaints against licensees hereunder and impose a fine, of not more than $5 or less than $1, for any violation of the provisions of this chapter, and each of such officers shall have power to suspend a license pending the payment of such fine. All such fines, when collected, shall be paid into the sinking fund for the redemption of the city debt. (C. O., §§307, 378.) §6. Duties of Licensees. 1. General . Every person holding a license issued under any provision of this chapter shall exhibit the same upon demand of any person, and shall report to the department any change of residence or place of business, within 3 days of such change. A licensee shall at all times render any public services within scope of his license when called upon, unless actually unable so to do. (C. O., §375.) 2. Badges. Every licensed hackman, whenever with a hack or waiting for employment anywhere in the city, every licensed peddler while peddling, and every person while using a licensed junk cart or boat, shall wear conspicuously on the right breast of the outer coat a metal badge, of the shape, size and style prescribed by the commissioner of licenses, having engraved or embossed thereon the official designation and number of the license, together with the words “New York City.” (C. O., §377.) 3. Licensed vehicles, designation of. All words, letters and numbers, hereinafter prescribed for licensed vehicles, shall be shown permanently and conspicuously on each outside thereof, in colors contrasting strongly with the background, and not less than 2 inches high, as directed or approved by the commissioner of licenses, and shall be kept legible and plainly visible at all times during the term of the license ; and shall be obliterated or erased upon change of ownership or expiration of the license; and no person shall have or use any vehicle with words, letters or numbers thereon like those herein prescribed for licensed vehicles, without being duly licensed therefor. (C. O., §376.) . §7. Inspections. All licensed vehicles or places of business shall be regularly inspected. The result of each inspection shall be endorsed on the license therefor, together with the date of the inspection and the signature of the inspector. A report of all inspections shall be regularly reported to the commissioner of licenses. (C. O., §374.) ARTICLE 2. Billiard and Pool Tables. Section 20.. General provisions. 21. License fee. §20. General provisions. Any pool or billiard table in a place open to the public shall be deemed to be included within the terms of this ordinance, and every keeper of a public place where there are pool or billiard tables shall maintain good order and allow no persons under 16 years of age to play therein. (C. O., §355.) 309 CHAP. 14, ARTS. 2-4, SECS. 21-41. §21. License fee. The annual license fee for each public billiard or pool table shall be $3. (C. O., §307.) ARTICLE 3. Bowling Alleys. Section 30. General provisions. 31. License fee. §30. General provisions. Any bowling alley in a place open to the public shall be deemed to be included within the terms of this ordinance, and every keeper of a public bowling alley shall maintain good order and allow no person under 16 years of age to bowl therein. (C. O., §354.) §31. License fee. The annual license fee for each public bowling alley shall be $5. ^ARTICLE 4. Dealers in Secondhand Articles. Section 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. Definition; exceptions. License; terms; fee and bond. Record of purchases and sales. Report to the police commissioner. Restrictions. Lost or stolen property. Violations. (C. O., §307.) §40. Definition; exceptions. Any person, co-partnership, or corporation dealing in the purchase or sale of second-hand articles of whatever nature, or dealing in the purchase or sale of any second-hand manufactured article composed wholly or in part of gold, silver, platinum or other metals, or in the purchase or sale of old gold, silver or platinum, or any person, co-partnership or corporation dealing in the purchase of articles or things comprised of gold, silver or platinum for the purpose of melting or refining, or engaged in melting precious metals for the purpose of selling, or in the purchase or sale of pawnbroker tickets or other evidence of pledged articles, or, not being a pawn- broker, who deals in the redemption or sale of pledged articles, is hereby defined to be a dealer in second-hand articles. Nothing contained in this article shall be construed to apply to pianos, books, magazines, rugs, tapestries, burlaps, paintings, drawings, etchings and engravings ; nor to exchanges of, returns of, or credits of merchandise where the article or articles exchanged, returned, or credited are ac- cepted in full or part payment for new merchandise ; nor to the .first purchase or sale in the city of any imported second-hand article. §41. License; term; fee and bond. The annual license fee for each dealer in second-hand articles shall be $15, and every such dealer shall give a bond to the city, with sufficient surety, to be ap- proved by the commissioner of licenses, in the penal sum of $100, conditioned for the due observance of the provisions of law, or ordinance relating to such dealers. All licenses for dealers in second-hand articles shall be issued as of February 1 in each year and shall expire' on the 31st day of January next succeeding the date of issuance thereof. ♦Amended by ord. effective April 1, 1916. 310 LICENSES. §42. Record of purchases and sales. Every dealer in second-hand articles shall keep a book in which shall be legibly written in English, at the time of every purchase or sale, a description of every article so purchased or sold, the number or numbers and any monograms, inscription or other marks of identification that may appear on the article, a description of the articles or pieces comprising old gold, silver, platinum or other metals, and any monogram, in- scription or marks or identification thereon, the name, residence and general descrip- tion of the person from whom such purchase was made or to whom sold, and the day and hour of the purchase or sale, except articles or things purchased or received for the purpose of refining or smelting by persons, firms or corporations principally engaged in such business. In the case of a purchase or sale of a pawnbroker ticket or other evidence of a pledged article, or a redemption or sale of a pledged article, there shall be written in said book at the time of such purchase, sale or redemption. 1. The name and address of the person, co-partnership, or corporation who issued the said ticket or other evidence ; 2. The pledge number of said pawn ticket or other evidence; 3. The name and address of the pledgor as it appears upon said pawn ticket or other evidence; 4. The amount loaned or advanced as it appears on said pawn ticket or other evidence ; 5. The day and hour ot ouch purchase, sale or redemption, as the case may be; 6. The name, residence and general description of the person from whom or to whom the redeemed article is purchased or sold, as the case may be ; 7. The sum paid or received for such pawn ticket or other evidence, or the sum paid or received for the redeemed article or pledge ; 8. Such description of a pledged article as appears on said pawn ticket or other evidence and an accurate description of every redeemed pledged article. Said book shall at all reasonable times be open to the inspection of any police officer, to the commissioner of licenses or any inspector of licenses, or any magis- trate of the city, or any person duly authorized in writing for such purpose by the commissioner of licenses or by any magistrate, who shall exhibit such written au- thority to the dealer. §43. Report to the police commissioner. Every dealer in second-hand articles, upon being served with a written notice so to do by a member of the police department, shall report to the police commis- sioner, on blank forms to be furnished by the police department, a copy of the records required to be kept under §42 of this article of all goods, articles or things, or any part thereof, purchased, received or sold in the course of business of the second-hand dealer, during the days specified in such notice. §44. Restrictions. 1. Place, expired licenses. No dealer in second-hand articles shall carry on business without a license, or at any other place than the one designated in his license except that any dealer in or peddler of all clothes shall have the right to pur- chase or sell old clothes from house to house, and if he has no store, his home shall be designated as his place of business ; but no such dealer or peddler shall pur- chase clothes from or sell clothes to a person or persons on the street; and such dealer in and peddler of old clothes while soliciting business from house to house shall wear a badge to be supplied by the commissioner of licenses in such form and design as the commissioner of licenses shall prescribe. No dealer in second-hand articles shall continue to carry on business after his license is suspended, revoked 311 CHAP. 14, ART. 4, SECS. 45, 46. or shall have expired. The annual license fee to deal in or peddle old clothes shall be $5. (Amended by ord. effective Jan. 31, 1918.) 2. Prohibited persons and hours. No dealer in second-hand articles shall pur- chase any second-hand goods, articles, or things whatsoever from any minor, appren- tice, or servant, knowing or having reason to believe the person to be such, or from any person or persons whatsoever, between the hours of 6 o’clock in the evening and 7 o’clock in the morning. 3. Sales by dealers. No articles or things except household furniture, curtains, carpets,' stoves, kitchen utensils, office furniture, automobiles, motor and other vehicles, machinery, belting, building materials and barrels, or other articles or things that have already been kept by a dealer or pawnbroker for a period of time, in accordance with the provisions of law or this ordinance, or have been received from persons, firms or corporations known to be jewelers, dealers, banking institu- tions, executors or administrators, shall be sold or disposed of by any dealer in second-hand articles until the expiration of 1 week after such purchase or redemp- tion, except that all second-hand articles or things purchased for the purpose of melt- ing or refining by persons, firms or corporations principally engaged in such busi- ness, from persons, firms or corporations not jewelers or dealers, shall not be sold, refined, melted or disposed of until the expiration of 48 hours after said pur- chase; and no such dealer shall receive any article by way of pledge or pawn, or employ any subterfuge for receiving goods as security for the advancement of money. 4. Not to be pawnbroker or junk dealer, not to use pawnbroker signs, etc. No dealer in second-hand articles, while licensed as such, shall be licensed as pawnbroker or junk dealer; nor shall any sign or other device or subterfuge be displayed, used or employed by any dealer in second-hand articles, in or about the premises where such business is conducted, which in any wise resembles the emblem or sign com- monly used by pawnbrokers, or which is intended to give the appearance that the business conducted on such premises is, or is connected with, the business of a pawn- broker and calculated to so mislead; nor shall there be any sign displayed which is calculated to deceive. §45. Lost or stolen property. If any goods, articles or things whatsoever, shall be advertised in any newspaper printed in the city as having been lost or stolen, and if the same or any such answer- ing to the description advertised, or any part thereof, shall be or come in the pos- session of any dealer in second-hand articles, such dealer, upon receiving written, printed or oral notice so to do, shall give information thereof in writing to the police commissioner stating from whom the same was received. Every dealer in second-hand articles who shall have or receive any goods, article or thing lost or stolen, or alleged or supposed to have been lost or stolen, shall exhibit the same, on demand, to any police officer, or to the commissioner or any inspector of licenses, or any magistrate of the city, or any person, duly authorized in writing for such purpose by the commissioner of licenses or by any magistrate of the city, who shall exhibit such written authority to the dealer. §46. Violations. Any person who shall violate, or neglect or refuse to comply with any of the provisions of this article, shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $100, or by imprisonment not exceeding 30 days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. 312 LICENSES. ARTICLE 5. Dirt Carts. Section 50. Definition; construction of carts. 51. License fee; designation; term. §50. Definition; construction of carts. Every vehicle of whatever description, excepting such as shall have painted thereon, on each side, the name and address of the owner thereof in plain letters and figures of at least 3 inches in length, used in carting or transporting dirt, sand, gravel, clay, paving stones, ashes, garbage or building rubbish within the city shall be deemed a dirt cart. Every such vehicle of whatever description, whether or not described as a dirt cart, shall be furnished with a good and tight box, whereof the sides, forepart and tailboard shall be at least 18 inches high, and of sufficient capacity to contain not less than 12 cubic feet and shall be securely covered, when loaded, so as to prevent the contents from being scattered upon the streets. (C. O., §356. N §51. License fee; designation; term. The annual license fee for each dirt-cart shall be $1. Every licensed dirt-cart shall show on each outside thereof the words “Dirt Cart,” or the letters “D. C” together with the figures of its official number. Licenses for dirt-carts shall be issued as of August 1, and shall expire on the 31st day of July next succeeding the date of issuance thereof. Section 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. ARTICLE 6. Expresses and Expressmen. Definition. License fee ; designation. Licensed drivers required. Proprietor’s bond. Charges. §60. Definition. Every vehicle of whatever construction, kept or used for the conveyance of bag- gage, packages, parcels and other articles within or through the city for pay, shall be deemed a public express, and the owner thereof shall be deemed a public expressman. The term expressman shall be deemed to include any common carrier of baggage, packages, parcels or other articles within or through the city. (C. O., §330.) §61. License fee; designation. The annual fee for each vehicle used as a public express shall be $5. Every such vehicle shall show on the exterior of both sides thereof the word “express,” or the abbreviation “Exp.,” with the number of its license. Licenses for express wagons shall be issued as of October 1, and shall expire on the 30th day of September next succeeding the date of issuance thereof. (C. O., §§307, 331 ; amended by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) §62. Licensed drivers required. Every person driving a licensed express shall be licensed as such, and shall pay an annual license fee of $1. Every application for an express driver’s license shall be endorsed, in writing, by 2 reputable residents of the city, testifying to the com- petence of the applicant. No owner of a public express shall employ an unlicensed driver under a penalty of $10 for each offense. Licenses for express drivers shall be issued as of October 1, and shall expire on the 30th day of September next succeeding the date of issuance thereof. (C. O., §315; amended by ord. effective July 15, 1915.) 313 CHAP. 14, ARTS. 6, 7, SECS . 63-71. §63. Proprietor’s bond. Every owner of a public express shall give a bond to the city, for each and every vehicle licensed, in a penal sum of $100, with sufficient surety, approved by the com- missioner, conditioned for the safe and prompt delivery of all baggage, packages, parcels and other articles or things entrusted to the owner or driver of any such licensed express. (C. O., §332.) §64. Charges. The legal rates for regular deliveries, unless otherwise mutually agreed, shall be as follows in the city: 1. Between points within any borough — Not more than 5 miles apart, each piece $0 40 Not more than 10 miles apart, each piece 55 Not more than 15 miles apart, each piece 75 2. Between points in different boroughs: One-half the above rates in addition. 3. Special deliveries: At rates to be mutually agreed upon. (C. O., §333.) ARTICLE 7. Exterior Hoists. Section 70. Licenses ; fees ; term. 71. “Danger” sign. §70. Licenses; fees; term. No person shall hoist anything whatsoever on the outside of a building from the street, into any loft or lower anything on the outside thereof, by any means, without a license therefor, and giving an indemnity bond to the City, with sufficient surety, approved by the commissioner. Anyone generally engaged in such a busi- ness shall take out a general license, and anyone so hoisting in front of certain premises only shall take out a special license therefor. The annual fee for a gen- eral hoisting license shall be $25. The fee for a special hoisting license shall be $1. All licenses for exterior hoists shall be issued as of January 1, and shall expire on the 31st day of December next succeeding the date of issuance thereof. (Amended by ord. effective Jan. 9, 1917.) §71. “Danger” sign. The holder of a general or special hoisting license, while engaged in such hoist- ing or lowering over any sidewalk, roadway or public place, shall give warning thereof by 2 signs displaying the word “Danger,” in letters at least 6 inches long, which shall be conspicuously placed at a safe distance on either side of the place where the hoisting is being done. (C. O., §360.) ARTICLE 8. Hacks, Cabs and Taxicabs. Section 80. Definitions. 81. Exemptions. 82. Jurisdiction. 83. License for vehicle, application for. 84. Inspection before licensing vehicle. 85. License card and plate. 86. Fees for licensing vehicles ; refunds. 87. Register of licensed vehicles. 88. Inspection of licensed hacks. 89. Suspension and revocation of hack licenses. 90 Drivers’ licenses; application for. 314 LICENSES. Section 91. Examination of drivers. 92. Photograph of driver. 93. Form and term of drivers’ licenses. 94. Driver’s badge. 95. Renewal of drivers’ licenses. 96. Fees for drivers’ licenses. 97. Suspension or revocation of drivers’ licenses. 98. Record of drivers’ licenses. 99. Hack stands. 100. Regulation of hacks at stands. 101. Taximeters. 102. Rates of fare. 103. Prepayment of fare. 104. Disputed fares. 105. Over-charge. 106. “Cruising” ; soliciting. 107. Articles found in hacks. 108. Public garages. 109. Violations. §80. Definitions. Unless otherwise expressly stated, whenever used in this article, the following terms shall respectively be deemed to mean : 1. Public hack, a vehicle plying for hire, for which public patronage is solicited upon the streets ; any vehicle carrying passengers for hire, operating from or in a railroad station or steamship landing; (Amended by ord. appd. Nov. 15, 1917.) 2. Cab, a public hack so designed and constructed as comfortably to seat, in the opinion of the commissioner of licenses, net more than 2 persons inside thereof; 3. Coach, a public hack so designed and constructed as comfortably to seat, in the opinion of the commissioner of licenses, 4 or more persons inside thereof ; 4. Sightseeing car, a motor-driven vehicle designed to carry 7 or more persons from a fixed locality to points of inteiest about the city; 5. Taximeter, a mechanical instrument or device by which the charge for hire of a public hack is mechanically calculated, either for distance traveled or for waiting time, or for both, and upon which such charge shall be indicated by means of figures; 6. Little taxicab, a cab driven by mechanical power on which a taximeter is affixed ; 7. Taxicab, a coach driven by mechanical power on which a taximeter is affixed. Any vehicle that has a taximeter affixed and uses the streets of the city for the purpose of carrying passengers for hire, shall be deemed a public hack and must be licensed under this article. (Ord. effective Jan. 2, 1915.) §81. Exemptions. This article shall not apply to any omnibus running by authority of any ordinance, law, or permit upon a fixed route through the city. (Ord. effective June 2, 1913.) §82. Jurisdiction. The licensing and inspecting of public hacks, the inspecting and seating of taxi- meters, the examining of applicants for licenses to drive such public hacks, and the licensing of drivers, as hereinafter provided in this article, and the enforcing of the provisions of this article, shall be under the control of the commissioner of licenses. The commissioner is hereby empowered to appoint such inspectors as may be found necessary to carry out the provisions of this article, who shall be paid such com- pensation as shall be fixed by law. (Id., art. III.) 315 CHAP. 14, ART. 8, SECS. 83-86. §83. License for vehicle, application for. No public hack shall ply for hire upon the streets of the city without first obtain- ing a license from the commissioner. Such licenses shall be issued as of February 1, and shall expire on the January 31, next succeeding, unless sooner suspended or re- voked by the commissioner. Applications for licenses for public hacks shall be made by the owner upon blank forms to be furnished by the department of licenses, and such applications shall contain the full name and address of the owner, the class of the vehicle for which the license is desired, the length of time the vehicle has been in use, the number of persons it is capable of carrying, and, if a motor-driven vehicle, the motor power thereof. (Id., art. III.) §84. Inspection before licensing vehicle. No vehicle shall be licensed until it has been thoroughly and carefully inspected and examined, and found to be in thoroughly safe condition for the transportation of passengers; clean, fit, of good appearance, and well painted and varnished. The com- missioner shall make or have made, by his deputies or inspectors, such examination and inspection before issuing a license. The commissioner shall refuse a license to, or if already issued, revoke or suspend the license of any vehicle found by him to be unfit or unsuited for public patronage. He shall examine any taximeter attached to any public hack and to see that the same is accurate, before issuing a license to the hack. The commissioner is hereby authorized and empowered to establish reasonable rules and regulations for the inspection of public hacks and their appurtenances, con- struction and condition of fitness. (Id., art. III.) §85. License card and plate. If, upon inspection, a public hack is found to be of lawful construction and in proper condition, in accordance with the provisions of this article and the rules and regulations established hereunder, and upon payment of the license fees hereinafter set forth, the same shall be licensed, by delivering to the owner a card of such size and form as may be prescribed by the commissioner. The card shall contain the official license number of the hack, together with the date of inspection of the same, and a statement to the effect that, in case of any complaint, the commissioner shall be notified, giving the license number of the hack. Such card shall be signed by the commissioner or his deputy, and shall contain blank spaces upon which an entry shall be made of the date of every inspection of the vehicle by the inspector. License card shall be of a distinctly different color each year, and, in case of public hacks driven by mechanical power, the license number assigned hereunder shall, in each case, be the same as that assigned to the vehicle for that year, pursuant to law. The commissioner, or a duly authorized subordinate, shall also affix, to a conspicuous and indispensable part of each public hack, a small plate, not exceeding 6 inches in diameter, which shall bear the license number of the vehicle. The design of such plates shall be changed annually. (Id., art. III.) §86. Fees for licensing vehicles; refunds. 1. Schedule. The following license fees shall be paid: For each cab $5 00 For each coach and each sightseeing car 10 00 Such license fees shall be in lieu of, and not in addition to, any fees heretofore established, and except as above provided no charge shall be made. In the case of licenses issued on or after August 1, in each year hereafter, one-half of the above fees shall be paid. (Id., art. III.) 2. Refunds. The comptroller is hereby authorized to make a pro rata refund to the holders of licenses the operation of which said licenses was superseded by the new licenses issued under the public hack ordinance that became effective August 1, 1913. 316 LICENSES. Applications for refund under this provision ohall first be presented in writing to the commissioner of licenses, together with the original license superseded by the new license or satisfactory evidence that the old license has been lost or destroyed, and no refund shall be made in any case that the commissioner shall not first certify to the comptroller that the applicant has paid the fee prescribed by law prior to August 1, 1913, and that a certain specified part of the term of the license had not expired on said August 1, 1913. Refunds under this provision shall be made by the comptroller from the Sinking Fund for the Redemption of City Debt No. 1, when authorized by resolution of the commissioners of the sinking fund. (Ord. effective July 14, 1914.) §87. Register of licensed vehicles. The commissioner shall keep a register of the name of each person owning or operating a vehicle licensed under this article, together with the license number and the description, make and necessary dimensions of such vehicle, with the date and complete record of inspections made of it. Such records shall be open to the inspec- tion of the public at all reasonable times, and shall be public records, extracts of which may be certified, for use as evidence, by the commissioner or one of his deputies. (Ord. effective June 2, 1913, art. III.) §88. Inspection and licensed hacks. The commissioner shall maintain constant vigilance over all public hacks, to see that they are kept in a condition of continued fitness for public use, and, to this end, the commissioner through his deputies and inspectors, shall inspect all public hacks, from time to time, or on the complaint of any citizen, as often as may be necessary. Reports in writing of all inspections shall promptly be made to the commissioner. (Id, art. III.) §89. Suspension and revocation of hack licenses. Licenses, granted under this article, may be revoked or suspended at any time by the commissioner if the vehicle shall not be in good condition and appearance, clean and safe; and, in case of horse-drawn vehicles, if the horse or horses are unfit for use. Licenses -when so suspended or revoked shall not be reissued until the vehicle and all its appurtenances shall be out in fit condition for use by the public, to the satisfaction of the commissioner. (Id, art. III.) §90. Drivers’ licenses; application for. Every person driving a public hack must be licensed as such. Each applicant for a driver’s license must — (a) Be of the age of 18 years or over; (b) Be of sound physique, with good eyesight and not subject to epilepsy, vertigo, heart trouble, or any other infirmity of body or mind which might render him unfit for the safe operation of a public hack; (c) Be able to read and write the English language; (d) Be clean in dress and person and not be addicted to the use of intoxicating liquors ; (e) Produce, on forms to be provided by the department, affidavits of his good character from 2 reputable citizens of the city who have known him personally and observed his conduct during 1 year next preceding the date of his applica- tion, and a further testimonial, on a form provided for that purpose, from his last employer, unless, in the estimation of the commissioner, sufficient reason is given for its omission; (f) Fill out, upon a blank form to be provided by the department, a statement giving his full name, residence, places of residence for 5 years previous to moving to his present address, age, color, height, color of eyes and hair, place of birth, length of time he has resided in the city, whether a citizen of the United States, places of 317 CHAP. 14, ART. 8, SECS. 91-95. previous employment, whether married or single, whether he has ever been convicted of a felony or a misdemeanor, whether he has been summoned to court, whether he has previously been licensed as a driver or chauffeur, and, if so, whether his license has ever been revoked, and for what cause, which statement shall be signed and sworn to by the applicant and filed in the department, as a permanent record. Any false state- ment made by applicant for a license shall be promptly reported by the commissioner to the district attorney of the county in which the application was made. The commissioner is hereby authorized and empowered to establish such additional rules and regulations governing the issue of drivers’ licenses, not inconsistent herewith, as may be necessary and reasonable. (Id., art. IV.) (Amended by ord. effective Jan. 7, 1918.) §91. Examination of drivers. Each applicant for driver’s license under the provisions of this article shall be examined, by a person designated by the commissioner, as to his knowledge of the provisions of this article, the traffic regulations, and the geography of the city, and if the result of the examination be unsatisfactory, he shall be refused a license. Each such applicant must, if required by the commissioner, demonstrate his skill and ability to safely handle his vehicle, by driving it through a crowded section of the city, ac- companied by an inspector of the department. (Id., IV.) §92. Photograph of driver. Each applicant for a driver’s license must file with his application 2 recent photo- graphs of himself, of a size which may be easily attached to his license, 1 of which shall be attached to the license when issued, the other shall be filed with the ap- plication in the department. The photograph shall be so attached to the license that it cannot be removed, and another photograph substituted without detection. Each licensed driver shall, upon demand of an inspector of licenses, a policeman, or a passenger exhibit his license and photograph for inspection. Where the application for a license is denied, the photograph shall be returned to the applicant by the depart- ment. (Id., art. IV.) §93. Form and terms of drivers’ licenses. Upon satisfactory fulfillment of the foregoing requirements, there shall be issued to the applicant a license, which shall* be in such form as to contain the photograph and signature of the licensee, and blank spaces upon which a record may be made of any arrest of or serious complaint against him. Any licensee who defaces, removes or obliterates any official entry made upon his license shall be punished by the revoca- tion of his license. Drivers’ licenses shall be issued as of February 1, in each and every year, and shall be valid to and including the 31st day of January next succeeding. (Id., art. IV.) §94. Driver’s badge. There shall be delivered to each licensed driver a metal badge, of such form and style as the commissioner may prescribe, with his license number thereon, which must, under penalty of revocation of the license, be constantly and conspicuously displayed on the outside of the driver’s coat when he is engaged in his employment. (Id., art. IV.) §95. Renewal of drivers’ licenses. The commissioner may renew a driver’s license, from year to year, by appropriate endorsement thereon. A driver in applying for a renewal of his license shall make such application, upon a form to be furnished by the department, entitled ‘‘Applica- tion for Renewal of License,” which shall be filled out with the full name and address of the applicant, together with a statement of the date upon which his original license was granted and the number thereof. (Id., art. IV.) 318 LICENSES. §96. Fees for drivers’ licenses. The following license fees shall be paid for drivers’ licenses: For each original license, $1; for each renewal thereof, 50 cents. (Id., art. IV.) §97. Suspension or revocation of drivers’ licenses. Drivers’ licenses may be suspended or revoked at any time by the mayor, the commissioner or any city magistrate. Any such suspension shall be noted on the license, together with a statement of the reasons therefor, and the driver shall be deprived of his badge by the official suspending or revoking such license. When the license is suspended or revoked by an official other than the commissioner, the driver’s badge and a note of the revocation or suspension shall be forthwith forwarded to the commissioner; the badge to be returned at the expiration of the period for which the license was suspended. A second suspension for the same reason, or, in any case, a third suspension of a driver’s license, shall revoke the license. No driver whose license has been revoked shall again be licensed as a public hack driver in the city, unless upon the presentation of reasons satisfactory to the commissioner, or, in a case where a license has been suspended or revoked by the mayor or by a city magis- trate, the approval of the mayor or such city magistrate shall be necessary to the restoration or reissue of such license. Whenever a license is suspended or revoked by a city magistrate, notice of such suspension or revocation, with the cause thereof, shall be forwarded to the commissioner. The commissioner shall notify the police department whenever such a license is revoked. (Id., art. IV; amended by ord. effective May 9, 1916.) §98. Record of drivers’ licenses. There shall be kept in the department a complete record of each license issued to a driver, and of all renewals, suspensions and revocations thereof, which record shall be kept on file with the original application of the driver for a license. (Id., art. IV.) §99. Hack stands. 1. Former stands abolished. All public hack stands heretofore designated by the board of aldermen are hereby abolished. All special hack stands are hereby abolished and licenses for the same shall not be issued hereafter. (Id., art. V.) 2. Designation of stands. The commissioner is hereby authorized to locate and designate, as public hack stands, the space alongside the curb adjacent to property used as public parks, public buildings, railroad stations, steamship and ferry landings, hotels, restaurants, theatres, and the centre of any street where the roadway, exclusive of the sidewalk, is 30 feet in width or more. The commissioner may also designate the space beside the curb, adjacent to subway entrances and elevated railway steps, as stands for a limited number of public hacks. The commissioner shall further designate the number of such public hacks that shall be allowed to stand at any of the places designated by him, and the department shall provide a metal sign, which shall be attached to a post or stanchion adjacent to the said stand, and on which sign shall be placed the number and kind of vehicles allowed on that particular hack stand. Owners of any property may apply to the commissioner for the establish- ment of a public hack stand, adjacent to their premises, stating in said application the number of public hacks they desire to come on said stand, and also the kind of locomotion to be used, whether gasoline, electric motor or horses. Such application shall be granted solely in the discretion of the commissioner, and may be revoked by him at any time. There shall be delivered to the owner of the property making such application a metal sign, to be fixed to a stanchion on the curb or other conspicuous place, setting forth the kind of public hacks and the number thereof that will be al- lowed on said stand. (Id., art. V.) 319 CHAP. 14, ART. 8, SECS. 100, 101. 3. Restriction. The commissioner may not establish a public hack stand in the centre of any street, opposite to the premises where the owner has applied for and received the permit last above mentioned, during the time such permit is in operation. (Id., art. V.) §100. Regulation of hacks at stands. Only public hacks, in such numbers and of such kinds as are set forth on the metal sign, may remain at the stand while waiting for employment, and only in single file, pointed in accordance with the traffic regulations. No public hack standing at the head of any such line shall refuse to carry any orderly person applying for a hack, who agrees to pay the proper rate of fare ; but this shall not prevent any person from selecting any hack he may desire on the stand, whether it be at the head of the line or not. As the hacks leave the line with passengers, those behind shall move up, and any public hack, seeking a space on the stand, shall approach the same only from the rear of the stand and shall stop as near as possible to the last cab on the line. No public hack shall stand at the curb within 15 feet of the entrance to any build- ing adjacent to a hack stand located and designated by the commissioner, in accord- ance with the first sentence of the second division of the preceding section; which shall be determined by measuring 15 feet on each side of the point on the curb opposite the middle of the entrance to the adjacent building. No hack shall stand within 5 feet of any crosswalk. The commissioner may suspend or revoke the license of any public hack driver who shall stand in front of the entrance of any building, within the prohibited space, after his passengers desiring to leave have alighted, or who shall attempt to stand in said prohibited space waiting for passengers, or who shall violate any of the other provisions of this section. (Id., art. VI.) §101. Taximeters. 1. When required. Every public hack driven by mechanical power, seating 4 passengers or less, shall have affixed thereto a taximeter of a size and design approved by the commissioner. Motor-driven vehicles, with 7 passenger or 5 passenger open touring car bodies, may be licensed as public coaches and public cabs, respectively. (Id., art. III.) 2. Inspection. No license shall be issued to a public hack until the taximeter attached thereto shall have been inspected and found to be accurate. (Id., art. III.) 3. Inaccuracy. No person shall use or permit to be used upon any public hack a taximeter which shall be in such a condition as to be over 5 per cent, incorrect to the prejudice of any passenger. (Id., art. III.) 4. Wheel-operated, prohibited. No taximeter affixed to a public hack propelled by steam, gasoline, electricity, or other motor power, shall be operated from any wheel to which the power is applied. (Id., art. III.) 5. Illumination of dial. After sundown, the face of every taximeter shall be illuminated by a suitable light, so arranged as to throw a continuous, steady light thereon. (Id., art. III.) 6. Case to be sealed. No person shall use or permit to be used, or drive for hire, a public hack equipped with a taximeter the case of which is unsealed and not having its cover and gear intact. (Id., art. III.) 7. False signal. No driver of a public hack equipped with a taximeter or other similar device, while carrying passengers or under employment, shall display the signal affixed to such taximeter or other similar device in such position as to denote such vehicle is not employed, or in such position as to denote that he is employed at a rate of fare different from that to which he is entitled under the provisions of this article. (Id., art. III.) Q Unapproved taximeter. No person shall drive a public hack to which is at- 320 LICENSES. tached a taximeter that has not been duly inspected and approved. (Ord. effective Jan. 2, 1915.) 9. Violations. A violation of any of the provisions of this section shall render the offender or offenders liable, upon conviction before any city magistrate, to a fine of not more than S50 for each and every offense, and, in default of payment of such fine, he may be committed to prison until the same shall be paid, but such imprison- ment shall not exceed 10 days. (Ord. effective June 2, 1913.) §102. Rates of fare. The maximum rates of fare for public hacks shall be as follows : 1. Motor vehicles, except “sight-seeing” cars — For not more than 2 passengers : For the first mile, or any fraction thereof $0 30 For each succeeding x /\ mile, or any fraction thereof 10 For 3 or more passengers : For the first lA mile, or any fraction thereof 40 For each succeeding mile, or any fraction thereof 10 2. Sight-seeing cars — No rates are hereby established for sight-seeing cars, but a schedule of the rates charged for each trip shall, before the trip, be prominently displayed upon the car, and a charge greater, or attempt to charge any passenger a sum greater than that set forth in said schedules, shall be deemed a violation of this article. 3. H orse-drawn vehicles — For cabs : For the first mile, or any fraction thereof $0 50 For each succeeding mile, or any fraction thereof 20 For coaches : For the first mile, or any fraction thereof 70 For each succeeding mile, or any fraction thereof 30 4. Hourly rates (applying only to horse-drawn vehicles when shopping or call- ing; not including park or road driving, nor driving more than 5 miles from starting point) : For the first near, or any part thereof $1 50 For each additional Yz hour 50 5. Miles, in Manhattan. In case of public hacks on which taximeters are not affixed, when driving on the numbered streets, or numbered and letter avenues, in the borough of Manhattan, 20 blocks north and south, and 7 blocks between the num- bered and lettered avenues constitute a mile for the purpose of this ordinance ; this provision shall be set forth on the rate card hereinafter required. 6. Applying generally: (a) For waiting time at the rate of $1.50 per hour; (b) For each piece of luggage carried outside, 20 cents. No charge shall, how- ever, be made for hand bags and suit cases ; (c) Ferriage and tolls in all cases to be paid by party using the vehicle. A copy of the foregoing rates of fare shall be furnished by the department to each public hack, and shall at all times be posted in a conspicuous place in the inside thereof. The department shall provide each public hack with a printed receipt pad, and every public hackman shall keep on hand a supply thereof, and shall, whenever requested, give a passenger a receipt, on such official form, for the fare paid. Nothing herein contained is designed to prevent a person from making an agreement with the owner of the public hack to furnish him with transportation, at a rate to be agreed upon between them, for a day, week or month. But, the person with whom 321 CHP. 14, ART. 8, SECS. 103-108. the owner of the public hack makes such an agreement is not at liberty to hire out the vehicle to another person. (Id., art. VI.) §103. Prepayment of fare. Every driver of a public hack shall have the right to demand payment of the legal fare in advance, and may refuse employment unless so prepaid, but no driver of a public hack shall, otherwise, refuse or neglect to convey any orderly person or persons upon request anywhere in the city, unless previously engaged or unable to do so. No driver of a licensed hack shall carry any other person than the pas- senger first employing a hack, without the consent of said passenger. (Id., art VII.) §104. Disputed fares. All disputes as to fare shall be determined by the officer in charge of the police station nearest to the place where the dispute is had ; failure to comply with such determination shall subject the offending party to a charge of disorderly conduct, punishable by a fine of not exceeding $10, or, in default of payment thereof, by im- prisonment for not more than 10 days. (Id., art. VII.) §105. Overcharge. No person shall charge or attempt to charge any passenger a greater rate of fare than that to which the public hack is entitled, under the provisions of this article. (Id., art. VI.) §106. “Cruising”; soliciting. No public hack, while waiting employment by passengers, shall stand on any public street or place other than at, or upon a public hack stand, designated or estab- lished in accordance with this article ; nor shall any driver of such hack seek em- ployment by repeatedly and persistently driving his hack to and from in a short space before, or by otherwise interfering with the proper and orderly access to or egress from, any theatre, hall, hotel, public resort, railway or ferry station or other place of public gathering; but any hackman may solicit employment by driving through any public street or place without stops, other than those due to obstruction of traffic, and at such speed as not to interfere or impede traffic, an,d may pass and repass before any theatre, hall, hotel, public resort, railway or ferry station, or other place of public gathering; providing that, after passing such public place, he shall not turn and repass until he shall have gone a distance of 2 blocks upon the streets and high- ways of the city, and no person shall solicit passengers for a public hack except the driver of a public hack, when sitting upon the driver’s box of his vehicle. No person shall be allowed to ride on the box with the driver. (Id., art. VII.) §107. Articles found in hacks. Every driver of a public hack, immediately after the termination of any hiring or employment, must carefuly search such hack for any property lost or left therein, and any such property, unless sooner claimed or delivered to the owner, must be taken to the nearest police station and deposited with the officer in charge, within 24 hours after the finding thereof, and the officer to whom such report shall be made, shall forward a written notice to the department of licenses, with brief particulars and description of the property. (Id., art. VII.) §108. Public garages. 1. Definition. A public garage is hereby defined as a place in which space is rented for, or in which are stored, motor vehicles of any kind whatever to be let for hire at any time. (Ord. effective Sept. 24, 1912.) 2. Record of cars and chauffeurs. Each and every keeper of a public garage shall record in a book, kept solely for such purpose, the time of departure from such 322 LICENSES. garage of every motor vehicle kept for hire, giving the names and addresses of the owner and driver thereof, the name and class of vehicle, the license number of the driver and the license number of the vehicle ; and the time of the return to the garage of each such vehicle shall also be entered in said book. Said record book shall be open for inspection at all times to the representatives of the police department and the department of licenses. (Id.) 3. Violations. Any person, either keeper or acting as keeper of a public garage, guilty of a violation of this ordinance, or any part thereof, shall, upon conviction thereof be fined as follows: For the first offense in a sum not less than $10, and in default of payment of such fine he may be committed to the city prison, each day of such committal to be taken as liquidation of $1 of such fine : for the second offense in a sum not less than $25, and in default of payment of such fine committal to the city prison, each day of such committal to be taken as liquidation of $1 of such fine, or both. (Id.) §109. Violations. 1. Oivners. Any owner or driver of a vehicle, not licensed and equipped in accordance with the provisions of this article, or of a vehicle the license of which has been suspended or revoked, who engages in the business of a public hack, as defined hereby, or attempts to engage in such business, or solicits for hire passengers upon the streets shall, upon conviction before any city -magistrate, be punished by a fine of not over $50, or imprisonment not exceeding 30 days, or both. (Ord. effective June 2, 1913, art. VII.) 2. Drivers. Any person, not having been duly licensed as a public hack driver, or any person whose license as such driver has been revoked, or any person whose license has been suspended and who, during the time of such suspension, drives for hire a public hack upon the streets, shall, upon conviction before any city magistrate, be punished by a fine of not over $50 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 30 days or both. (Id., art. VII.) 3. Miscellaneous. Upon the conviction of any person for any violation of a provision of this article, for which no punishment is specifically provided, he or she shall be punished as provided in §10 of chapter 27 of this ordinance. (Id., art. VII.) 4. Suspension or revocation of licenses. In addition to the fine, imprisonment, or both, authorized by any subdivision of this section, any licensee shall be subject to the suspension or revocation of his license, upon conviction for any violation of this article. The commissioner may, in his discretion, suspend or revoke a license granted under any provision of this article, pending or in advance of the criminal prosecution of the license. (Id., art. VII.) ^ARTICLE 9. Section 120. 121 . 122 . 123. 124. 125. 126. Junk Dealers. Definitions. License fee and bond ; term. Restrictions. Record of purchases. Reports to the police department. Lost or stolen goods. Violations. §120. Definitions. 1. Junkman, junkshop, junk cartman, junk boatman. Anyone dealing in the purchase or sale of junk, old rope, old iron, brass, copper, tin, lead, rubber, paper, ^Amended by ord. approved July 3, 1917. 323 CHAP. 14, ART. 9, SECS. 121, 122. rags, bagging, slush or empty bottles, in large or small quantities, including junk cartmen and junk boatmen, shall be deemed to be a junk dealer and his place of business a junk shop. This ordinance shall not apply to persons engaged exclusively in the purchase and sale in large quantities of scrap iron and steel, or woolen rags, or paper stock, but each said person shall annually file with the police commissioner and commissioner of licenses a statement, in writing, setting forth the name and address of such person and the character of the business thereof. 2. Junk cart, junk boat. Any vehicle in the streets, or any vessel in the waters of the city, used for the purpose of collecting or selling junk, old rope, old iron, brass, copper, tin-, lead, rubber, paper, rags, bagging, slush or empty bottles, shall be deemed, respectively, a junk cart or junk boat, and the owner or owners thereof junk dealers. Any vehicle used for the purpose of collecting or selling any article or articles hereinbefore enumerated shall be furnished, by the department of licenses, with a plate, to be affixed to a conspicuous and indispensable part of the vehicle, on which plate shall be clearly set forth the official number of the junk cart with the words “junk cart” and the date of expiration of the license, and the design or color of this plate shall be changed at the beginning of each license year, and in the case of a junk boat, the words “junk boat” and the figures of the official num- ber thereof shall be painted in white block letters and figures respectively at least eighteen inches high and two inches wide on a black background on the stern and also on both the port and starboard sides of the boat, at the forward end thereof; and no person shall do such collecting or selling in any other way or manner than as aforesaid. In the case of a junk boat, there shall be but one person on the boat. §121. License fee and bond; term. Every junk dealer shall pay an annual license fee of $20 and give a bond to the city, with sufficient surety approved by the commissioner of licenses, in the penal sum of $250, condition for the due observance of all provisions of law and municipal ordinances relating to such dealers, excepting in the case of a junk dealer operating a junk boat, who shall furnish for each junk boat so operated, a bond, with sufficient surety approved by the commissioner of licenses, in the sum of $1,000 conditioned for the due observance of all provisions of law and municipal ordinances relating to such dealers. Each junk dealer operating one or more junk carts or junk bo'ats, shall pay an annual license fee of $5 for each horse-drawn or power vehicle or for each boat, and an annual license fee of $2 for each push cart. All junk dealers’ licenses, including junk cartmen and junk boatmen shall be issued as of November 1, and shall expire on the 31st day of October next suc- ceeding the date of issuance thereof. §122. Restrictions. 1. Place. No junk dealer, including junk cartmen and junk boatmen, shall carry on business at any other place than the one designated in the license therefor, which place of business shall be within the limits of the City of New York, nor shall he continue to carry on business after such license has been suspended or revoked, or has expired. 2. Purchases. No junk dealer, including junk cartmen and junk boatmen, shall purchase any goods, article or thing whatsoever from any minor, apprentice or servant, knowing or having reason to believe the seller to be such, nor from any person be- tween the hours of 6 p. m. and 7 a. m. 3 Sales by dealers. No artic.le or articles hereinabove enumerated, except old iron purchased in lots of one thousand pounds or over, old paper and old rags, shall be sold or disposed of by a junk dealer, including junk boatmen and junk cartmen, until the expiration of 48 hours after such purchase or receipt. 4. Prohibition as to second hand dealers. No person, firm or corporation licensed 324 LICENSES. as a second hand dealer shall deal in the purchase or sale of any particle or articles enumerated in section 120 hereof, or employ or use a cart, wagon, boat or other vehicle for the purpose of collecting any such things or materials. 5. Other business. No one licensed as a junk dealer, including junk cartmen and junk boatmen, shall be licensed as a pawnbroker or dealer in second hand articles in the city. 6. No licensed junk dealer, including junk boatmen and junk cartmen, shall purchase or sell any new goods. §123. Record of purchases. Every junk dealer, including junk cartmen and junk boatmen, shall keep, at his place of business, which place shall be within the limits of the City of New York, a book in which shall be legibly written, in English, at the time of every purchase or sale, a description of every article so purchased or sold, the name, residence and general description of the person or persons from whom such purchase was made or to whom such sale was made, the day and hour of such purchase or sale, and when the purchase consists of article from a scow, coal-boat, lighter, tug or other vessel, the name of such scow, coal-boat, lighter, tug or other vessel, and the name and residence of the owner thereof ; and such book shall at all reasonable times be open to the inspection of any police officer, or the mayor, the commissioner or any inspector of licenses, or any magistrate, or person duly authorized in writing, for such purpose, by the commissioner or any magistrate, who shall exhibit such authorization to the dealer. §124. Reports to the police department. Every junk dealer, including junk cartmen and junk boatmen, upon being served with a written notice so to do by a member of the police department, shall report to the police commissioner, on blank forms to be furnished by the police department, an accurate description of all goods, articles or things purchased or received in the course of business of the junk dealer during the days specified in such notice, stating the amount paid for, and the name, residence and general description of the person from whom such goods, articles or things were received. §125. Lost or stolen goods. If any goods, articles or thing whatsoever, shall be advertised in any newspaper printed in the city as having been lost or stolen, and if the same or any such answer- ing to the description advertised or any part thereof shall be or come into the pos- session of any junk dealer, including junk cartmen and junk boatmen, such dealer, upon receiving written, printed or oral notice so to do, shall give information thereof in writing to the police commissioner, stating from whom the same was received Every junk dealer, as aforesaid, who shall have or receive any goods, article or thing lost or stolen, or alleged or supposed to have been lost or stolen, shall exhibit the same, on demand, to any police officer, or to the mayor, commissioner or any in- spector of licenses, or any magistrate, or any person duly authorized in writing, by the commissioner or any magistrate, who shall exhibit such authorization to such dealer. §126. Violations. Any person who shall violate, or neglect, or refuse to comply with any of the provisions of this article, shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $200, or by imprisonment not exceeding sixty days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. 325 CHAP. 14, ARTS. 9a, 10, SECS. 126, 130. Section 126. 127. 128. 129. ^ARTICLE 9a. Pawnbrokers. Record of pledges. Pawnbroker’s clerks. Report to the police department. Violations. §126. Record of pledges. Every pawnbroker shall, at the time of each loan, record the transaction in legible English in a book which he shall keep for the purpose, setting forth in each instance : 1. A description of the goods, articles and things pawned or pledged; 2. The amount of money loaned thereon; 3. The date of receipt of the pledge; 4. The rate of interest charged, if other than a legal rate; 5. The name and residence given by the person pawning or pledging such goods. articles or things. §127. Pawnbroker’s clerks. No pawnbroker shall employ a clerk or other person under the age of 16 years, to accept or receive any pledge. §128. Report to the police department. Every pawnbroker shall, at such time or times as the police commissioner may prescribe in a written notice, to be served upon such pawnbroker by a member of the police department, report to the police commissioner, on blank forms to be furnished by the police department, a description such as is required to be kept under §126, subdivision 1 of this chapter, of all goods, articles or things, or any part thereof, pawned or pledged in the course of business of the pawnbroker during the days specified in such notice, stating the numbers of the pawn tickets issued therefor, the amounts loaned thereon, and such identifying marks as may be on the goods pawned, and, if such notice from the police commissioner so prescribes, such pawnbroker shall, from that time and until he is notified to discontinue so doing, keep and furnish on such blank forms, a general description of every person depositing such pledges, consisting of sex, color and apparent age. §129. Violations. Any person who shall willfully violate, or neglect or refuse to comply with any of the provisions of this ordinance, shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $100, or by imprisonment not exceeding 10 days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. ARTICLE 10. Peddlers, Hawkers and Venders. Section 130. Definitions ; exceptions. 131. License fees; term. 132. Designation of vehicles. §130. Definitions; exceptions. 1. Definitions. Any person hawking, peddling, vending or selling merchandise in the streets of the city shall be deemed to be a peddler, and shall be classified as follows : A peddler using a motor driven vehicle ; a peddler using a horse and wagon ; a peddler using a push cart; and a peddler personally carrying merchandise. (C. O., §347 ; amended by and effective Dec. 28, 1915.) *Added by ord. effective Dec. 31, 1915. 326 LICENSES. 2. Newspapers. This article shall not apply in any way to the selling of news- papers or periodicals. (C. O., §347.) 3. Farmers. Any person, owning or operating a farm in the city and selling, in the streets, produce raised on such farm, shall not be deemed a peddler within the meaning of this article. Any such person may make application to the commissioner, and, upon affidavit setting forth sufficient facts to entitle him to this exemption, he shall thereupon receive a certificate thereof. (C. O., §348.) §131. License fees; term. The annual license fees payable by peddlers shall be, for each peddler : Using a motor-driven vehicle $8 00 Using a horse and wagon 8 00 Using a push cart 4 00 Personally carrying merchandise 2 00 All peddler licenses shall be issued as of May 1, and shall expire on the 30th day of April next succeeding the date of issuance thereof. All peddler licenses now in force, which shall not sooner expire, shall expire on the 30th day of April, 1916, next succeeding the date on which this ordinance takes effect, but all such licenses for peddlers may be renewed by the licensees, if presented on or before July 31, 1916, and for each full calendar month of the unexpired term of the old license a pro rata amount of the fee paid therefor shall be applied toward the payment of the new fee. (Amended by ord. effective Dec. 28, 1915.) §132. Designation of vehicles. Any vehicle used in peddling shall show on each outside thereof the words, “ Licensed Peddler,” together with the figures of its official number, and any peddler duly licensed to use a horse and wagon or a motor-driven vehicle may employ 2 persons, and no more, to assist in selling and delivering the wares, but such persons shall so act only while accompanying a licensed peddler. (Amended by ord. effective Apr. 24, 1916.) ARTICLE 11. Public Carts and Cartmen. Section 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. Definitions. Classification. Licenses and license plates. License fees. Charges. §140. Definitions. Every vehicle, of whatever construction, drawn by animals or propelled by any motor power, which is kept for hire or used to carry merchandise, household or office furniture or other bulky articles within the city, for pay, shall be deemed to be a public cart, and the owner thereof shall be deemed to be a public cartman. (Ord. effective June 2, 1914.) §141. Classification. Public carts shall be divided into 2 classes, namely: motor driven public carts and horse drawn public carts. 1. Horse drawn. Horse drawn public carts shall be divided into 2 classes : A — To include all public carts drawn by 1 horse and having an inside floor space of at least 40 square feet. B — To include all public carts drawn by 2 or more horses and having an inside floor surface of at least 70 square feet. (Id.) 327 CHAP. 14, ART. 11, SECS. 142, 144. 2. Motor driven. Motor driven public carts shall be divided into 2 classes: F — To include all motor driven public carts having an inside floor surface of at least 70 square feet. G — To include all motor driven public carts having an inside floor surface of at least 90 square feet. In all of the above measurements, a variation of more than 5 per cent, shall not be accepted. (Id.) §142. Licenses and license plates. Upon the payment of the fee hereinafter provided, the commissioner shall issue a license to the owner of the vehicle, together with a plate, to be affixed to a con- spicuous and indispensable part of such public cart, on which shall be clearly set forth the official number of the vehicle, with the words “Public Cart.” The design or color of the plate shall be changed at the beginning of each license year, which shall be August 1 of each year. (Id.) §143. License fees. The following annual license fees shall be paid : All public carts in class A shall pay a fee of $2 00 All public carts in class B shall pay a fee of 2 00 All public carts in class F shall pay a fee of 5 00 All public carts in class G shall pay a fee of 5 00 Such license fees shall be in lieu of and not in addition to any fees heretofore established, and. except as above provided, no charge shall be made. (Id.) §144. Charges. 1. Special contract. The amount to be charged for loading, transporting, or transmitting and unloading of merchandise, household or office furniture, or other bulky articles, by a public cartman, may be agreed upon in advance and such contract or agreement shall control and regulate the employment. In every case where such agreement is entered into, it shall be the duty of the public cartman to furnish the person with whom he contracts a written memorandum, to be signed by both parties, or their responsible and authorized representatives, setting forth clearly the terms of the contract. This memorandum shall be upon blanks to be approved by the depart- ment. (Id.) 2. General. The legal rates for transporting merchandise, household or office furniture, or other bulky articles (other than pianos), including the loading and unloading thereof, unless otherwise agreed upon as set forth in the foregoing para- graph, shall be as follows (said charges to commence from the time of arrival of vehicle or vehicles at the place from which articles are to be transported, and to end when articles are delivered) : a. Where a vehicle drawn by 1 horse, and having an inside floor surface of at least 40 square feet is used, $1.25 per hour, said vehicle to be propelled at not less than 3 miles an hour ; b. Where a vehicle drawn by 2 or more horses, and having an inside floor surface of at least 70 square feet is used. $1.50 per hour, said vehicle to be propelled at not less than 3 miles an hour; c. Where a motor-driven vehicle, having an inside floor surface of at least 70 square feet is used, $1.75 per hour, said vehicle to be propelled at not less than 8 miles per hour ; d. Where a motor-driven vehicle, having an inside floor surface of at least 90 square feet is used, $2.50 per hour, said vehicle to be propelled at not less than 8 miles an hour; e. For the service of each man in addition to the operator or driver, 50 cents per hour. 328 \ LICENSES. The number of men to be engaged on any one job or operation is not to exceed 4, including the driver, except when specially agreed upon by the person hiring the public cart. In case any vehicle, while engaged in the transportation of merchandise, household or office furniture, or other bulky articles, should break down or become disabled from any cause, no charge shall be made for the period of such disability. (Id.) 3. Pianos, a. Where a piano is transported in the same public cart as other articles of household or office furniture, and is part of the same operation or job, an additional charge of not exceeding $1.50 may be made for transporting it. b. Where a piano is transported as a separate operation or job and the distance travelled is 3 miles or less, the charge therefor shall not exceed $3, including labor and use of vehicle therefor; for each additional mile or part therof. 50 cents. c. For transporting pianos either up or down 1 or more flights of stairs, 50 cents for each flight. d. For transporting pianos up or down, by means of elevator, $1 additional. e. Where the handling of a piano involves the use of a hoist, tackle and rigging, at either or both ends of the operation or job, a charge of not more than $5 additional will be permitted. 4. Adjustment of disputes. All disputes as to the rate or amount of compensation shall be adjusted by the police officer in charge of the police station nearest to the place where such dispute is had. On failure to abide by the decision, the said load, or a part thereof sufficient to secure charges thereon, shall be taken to a convenient storage warehouse and a notice, in writing, with a brief statement of particulars, shall be sent at once by the public cartman to the commissioner of licenses. (Id.) ARTICLE 12. Public Porters. Section 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. License required ; hotel runners excepted. License fees ; term. Badge. Impersonation of public porters and hotel runners. Service obligatory. Charges. Overcharges. §150. License required; hotel runners excepted. No person shall carry, or use any wheelborrow or handcart to carry, transport or convey baggage, goods, or other things from place to place for hire, wages or pay for such conveyance ; nor be at any hotel, boarding house, ferry, steamboat landing, railroad station or depot, and solicit or accept the conveyance of baggage or other articles, without being licensed. This section shall not be construed to prevent any person, employed in an hotel or boarding-house, from conveying any baggage or other article thereto or therefrom, by handcart or wheel-borrow, provided the name of the hotel and boarding house, and the keeper thereof, shall be painted distinctly on both sides of the vehicle, and on a badge worn on the front of his hat or cap, so as to be easily and distinctly seen. (C. O., §329a ; amended by ord. effective Feb. 9, 1915.) §151. License fees; term. Every person on receiving a license to be a public porter shall pay a fee of $1 ; and the sum of 25 cents upon each renewal of such license. All public porter licenses shall be issued as of January 1, and shall expire on the 31st day of December next succeeding the date of issuance thereof. (C. O., §329c; amended’ by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) 329 CHAP. 14, ARTS. 12, 13, SECS. 152-161. §152. Badge. Each public porter shall wear, in a conspicuous place about his person, so as to be easily seen, a brass plate or badge, on which shall be engraved his name, the words “Public Porter,” and the number of his license. No public porter shall suffer or permit any other person than himself to carry any article or articles in his wheel or hand barrow, or handcart, nor to wear his badge or use his name in any way whatever, in the transportation or conveyance of any thing. (C. O., §§329d, 329j.) §153. Impersonation of public porters and hotel runners. No person, other than a licensed public porter, shall wear or exhibit any badge purporting to be, resembling or being similar to the badge of a public porter. No person shall represent himself as, or wear or exhibit any badge, inscription, card, or device, purporting or implying that he is employed or authorized by the keeper, pro- prietor, agent or officer of any hotel, boarding-house, vessel, steamboat or railroad company, to solicit, receive or convey persons, baggage, or other things to or from any such hotel, boarding-house, vessel, steamboat or railroad company’s station or depot, without being actually and duly authorized by such keeper, proprietor, officer or agent so to do. (C. O., §§329d, 329k.) §154. Service obligatory. No public porter or handcartman shall neglect or refuse to transport any article or articles when required so to do, unless he shall then be actually and otherwise employed, or unless the distance he shall be required to go shall be more than 2 miles, under the penalty of $5 for each offense. (C. O., §329h.) §155. Charges. Public porters shall be entitled to charge and receive, for the carrying or convey- ance of any article any distance within a mile, 25 cents if carried by hand, and 50 cents if carried on a wheelbarrow or handcart; if the distance exceeds a mile, y 2 of the above rates in addition thereto, and in the same proportion for any greater distance. No porter or handcartman, other than a public porter wearing his badge as required by this article, shall be entitled to recover or receive any pay or fare from any person, for the transportation of any article. Upon the trial of any cause com- menced for the recovery of any porterage, the plaintiff must prove that his badge was worn and the price fixed, agreeably to this section, at the time the services were rendered for which the action was brought. (C. O., §329e, f. g.) §156. Overcharges. Any public porter who shall ask or demand any greater rate of pay or compensa- tion, for the carrying or conveyance of any article, than is herein provided, shall not be entitled to any pay for the service, and it shall be deemed a violation of this article for him to ask, demand, or receive any greater pay or compensation. (C. O., §329j.) ARTICLE 13. Shooting Galleries. Section 160. Definition; requirements. 161. License fees. §160. Definition; requirements. Any shooting gallery, in a place open to the public, shall be deemed to be included within the terms of this chapter, and every keeper of a public shooting gallery shall maintain good order and allow no person under 16 years of age to shoot therein. (C. O., §353.) §161. License fees. The annual license fee for each public shooting gallery shall be $5. (C. O., §307.) 330 LICENSES. ARTICLE 14. Street Musicians. Section 170. Hand organ grinders. 171. Itinerant musicians. 172. Term of license. §170 Hand organ grinders. No person shall use or perform on a hand organ in any street or public place, unless such hand organ shall be licensed as hereinafter ordained. Upon payment of s license fee of $5 per annum, the commissioner of licenses may grant and issue licenses for such number of hand organs as he may deem proper, not to exceed, however, the total number of 800. The license so granted and issued must be conspicuously displayed at all times upon the front of the hand organ. No person using or perform- ing upon a hand organ shall solicit, ask or request any money for such use or per- formance in any way, shape or manner, directly or indirectly. No person shall use or perform upon a hand organ in any street or public place, before the hour of 9 a. m. nor after the hour of 6 p. m. of any day; nor during any part of the first day of the week commonly called Sunday; nor within a distance of 500 feet of any school house or house of public worship, during school hours or hours of public worship, respectively; nor within a like distance of any court, public office, hospital, asylum, or other public institution, nor within a distance of 250 feet of any tenement house, dwelling house or other building, when directed or requested by any occupant thereof to refrain from or discontinue using or performing upon such hand organ. (C. O., §547; §39, Manhattan ords. ; as amended by ord. effective July 16, 1915.) §171. Itinerant musicians. No person shall use or perform on any musical instrument in any street or public place unless he shall have been licensed as an itinerant musician, as herein- after provided. Upon the payment of a license fee of $10 per annum, the commis- sioner of licenses may grant and issue licenses to such number of itinerant musicians as he may deem proper, not to exceed, however, the total number of 800 ; but no such license shall be granted to any person except upon the affidavits of the applicant and 2 other persons, residing within the city, showing that the applicant has been a resident of the city for at least 1 year prior to his application for the license, and setting forth the different places in which he has resided therein during such period. No person licensed as an itinerant musician shall solicit, ask or request any money for his performance, as such, in any way, shape or manner, directly or indirectly. No person shall use or perform upon any musical instrument in any street or public place, before the hour of 9 A. M. nor after the hour of 6 P. M. of any day; nor during any part of the first day of the week, commonly called Sunday; nor within a distance of 200 feet of any schoolhouse or house of public worship, during school hours or hours of public worship, respectively; nor within a like distance of any court, public office, hospital, asylum or other public institu- tion, nor within a distance of 250 feet of any tenement house, dwelling house or other building, when directed or requested by any occupant thereof to refrain from or discontinue using or performing upon such musical instrument. The provisions of this section shall apply only to itinerant musicians and shall not be construed to affect any band of music or organized musical or religious society engaged in any military or civic parade, or to any musical performance conducted under a license from municipal authority. (Amended by ord. effective Dec. 27, 1915.) §172. Term of license. All licenses for street musicians shall be issued as of January 1 and shall expire on the 31st day of December next succeeding the date of issuance thereof. (Added by ord. effective Jan. 9, 1917.) 331 CHAP. 14, ART. 15, SECS. 176, 177. ARTICLE 15. ^Massage Institutes and Operators. Section 175. Definitions. 176. Qualifications, license fee and term. 177. Violations. §175. Definitions; character; institutes. A person who applies manual or mechanical massage or similar treatment to the human trunk or limbs shall be deemed to be intended within the terms of this ordinance a massage operator, but no person comprehended within the provisions of section 219 of the Sanitary Code, entitled nurses, or section 173 of the Public Health Law, relating to osteopathy, shall be deemed to be intended within the provisions of this ordinance. Any place in which two or more massage operators give treatment shall be deemed to be intended within the terms of this ordinance a massage establishment or institute. No establishment incorporated as a hospital or sanitarium or compre- hended under section 226 of the Sanitary Code, entitled hospitals, or section 340 of the Sanitary Code, relating to bathing establishments, shall be deemed to be within the provisions of this ordinance. §176. Qualifications, license fee and terms. The commissioner of licenses, with the approval of the police commissioner, shall license in his discretion such operators and institutes as shall have complied with the rules and regulations laid down by the board of aldermen and further any such rules and regulations to be subject at all times to amendment by the board of aldermen. The annual license fee for each massage institute shall be $10, and for each massage operator $3. All licenses shall be issued as of December 1st of each year, and shall expire on November 30th next succeeding the date of issue thereof. §177. Violations and penalties. The commissioner of licenses, after a hearing, shall have power to suspend or revoke at any time any license granted in accordance with this article. He shall revoke the license of any massage institute, the proprietor of which employs as an operator a person not licensed in accordance with the provisions of this article, or permits the premises to be used in violation of any of the provisions of section 1146 of the Penal Law, entitled “keeping disorderly houses,” of section 150 of the Tenement House Law, entitled “vagrancy,” or of subdivision 4 of section 887 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, entitled “who are vagrants,” and also the license of any operator who personally violates any one of those sections. For the purpose of this ordinance it shall be deemed to be a violation of these sections for any operator to treat a person of the opposite sex, except upon the signed order of a licensed physician, osteo, which order shall be dated and shall specifically state the number of treatments, not to exceed ten, to be given, except as such treatments are given in the residence of the patient, the office of a physician, or in a hospital or sanitarium. The date and hour of each treatment given and the name of the operator shall be entered on such order and the same shall be subject to inspection by the police. Every massage operator and institute to whom or for which a license shall have been issued, pursuant to the provisions of this section, shall display a sign upon which the words “Licensed Masseur,” “Licensed Masseuse,” or “Licensed Massage Insti- tute,” in accordance with the license as issued, shall be conspicuously and legibly set forth in English in such manner that the words may be readily seen by persons entering the said premises where massage is given. *Added by ord, appd. Nov. 27, 1916; effective Dec. 1, 1916. 332 LICENSES. ARTICLE 16. ^Lessees of Tenements. Section 178. Definition. 179. Qualifications. 180. Violations and penalties. §178. Definition. A person, corporation or partnership, who or which leases a tenement in the city of New York, having three or more dwelling apartments, and subleases any portion or part of the said tenement to three or more persons, shall be deemed to be a lessee of tenements, intended within the terms of this ordinance. §179. Qualifications. The commissioner of licenses, with the approval of the tenement house com- missioner of the city of New York, shall license, in his discretion, such lessees of tenements as shall have complied with the rules and regulations laid down by the board of aldermen, and further, any such rules and regulations to be subject at all times to amendment by the board of aldermen. The annual license fee for such tenement lessees shall be $25 and $10 additional for each additional tenement the said lessee may lease. Each tenement lessee in the city of New York shall on or before January 1st of each year procure a license in accordance with the provisions heretofore stated. §180. Violations and Penalties. The commissioner of licenses, after hearing, shall have power to suspend or revoke at any time any license granted in accordance with this article. Any person, firm or corporation whose license has been revoked shall be ineligible to procure a new license for at least three years from the date of the revocation of said license by the com- missioner. f ARTICLE 17. Bathing Establishments and Bathhouse Keepers. Section 190. 191. 192. 193. 194. 195. Definitions. Licenses ; term ; fee ; bond. Schedule of charges ; filing and posting. Inspection. Suspension ; revocation. Violations ; penalty. §190. Definitions. Every establishment maintained in the city wherein bathing is permitted for hire of wherein bathing suits are hired out, or which, for hire, is used for the purpose of dress- ing or undressing in connection with the wearing, putting on or taking off of bathing suits, shall be deemed to be a bathing establishment, and any person who shall have a bathing house upon or near any beach or shore of the ocean, bays, or rivers within the jurisdiction of the city, shall be deemed to be a bathhouse keeper, provided that said bathing establishment is maintained for the accommodation of guests or other persons for pay. §191. License; term; fee; bond. The annual license fee for each bathing establishment shall be $25, and every bath- house keeper shall give a bond to the city with sufficient surety to be approved by the * Added by ord. effective Dec. 30, 1919. t Added by ord. appd. July 22, 1920. 333 CHAP. 14, ART. 17, SECS. 192-195. commissioner, in the penal sum of $500, conditioned for the- due observance of the pro- visions of law, or ordinances relating to bathing establishments and bathhouse keepers. All licenses for bathing establishments shall be issued as of May 15th and shall expire on the 14th day of May next succeeding the date of issuance thereof. §192. Schedule of charges; filing and posting. Each applicant for a license to conduct, maintain or operate a bathing establishment shall file with his application for license a schedule of prices to be charged for the hiring of suits, rooms, lockers, or other accommodations in such establishment, and upon the approval of such schedule by the commissioner, the same shall be posted in con- spicuous places in the establishment, in full view of the public at all times. No charge shall be made for any service or accommodation in any such establishment in excess of the rates specified in any such schedule under penalty of forfeiture of the license. §193. Inspection. The provisions of a license granted under this article shall not be construed to interfere with any jurisdiction of the department of health as set forth in §§ 340 and 341 of the Sanitary Code, but permits granted under said sections shall be necessary to and part of the moving application for a license under the provisions of this article. §194. Suspension; revocation. The commissioner shall license in his discretion such bathing establishments as shall have complied with the rules and regulations herein provided and shall have power to suspend or revoke at any time any license granted in accordance with this article. §195. Violations; penalty. Any person who shall viQlate, neglect, or refuse to comply with any of the pro- visions of this article, shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $200, or by imprisonment not exceeding sixty days, or both such fine and imprisonment. CHAPTER 15. MARKETS. Article 1. General provisions. 2. Location and designation of public markets. 3. Farmers and market gardeners. ARTICLE 1. Section 1. 2 . 3. 4. 5. 6 . General Provisions. Control of markets and market-places. Transfers of permits and licenses. Adjustment of controversies. Water-front property adjoining market-lands; highways through or bounding market-places. Market hours. Regulation of toilet facilities. §1. Control of markets and market=places. All public markets, market places, market lands, existing and maintained as such, shall be in the charge and under the control of the department of public markets. The commissioner of public markets, or such officer or employee in the department as he may designate, shall have immediate charge of all grounds and buildings for market purposes ; have charge of all vehicles, including pushcarts, from which market produce is sold; all auctions conducted in market places, and all auctioneers doing business therein. Rules for the conduct of business of the department, repair, care and use of markets, fees or stands and space in markets, permits and leases for business in the markets, shall be made by the Commissioner. (Charter, §§163, 164; C. O., §78; amd. by ord. appd. May 26, 1919.) §2. Transfers of permits or licenses. No transfer or assignment of any permit or license to do business shall be made without the written approval of the Commissioner. (C. O., §80; amd. by ord. appd. May 26, 1919.) §3. Adjustment of controversies. The commissioner may adjust and settle any claims in controversies in regard to rents and other matters that appertain to leases or market lands. (Charter, §164; amd. by ord. appd. May 26, 1919.) §4. Water=front property adjoining market=lands; highways through or bound* ing market=places. Nothing herein contained shall interfere with the jurisdiction of the department of docks and ferries over the water-front property in and around any market lands, nor with the jurisdiction of the president of any borough over market lands, in so far as concerns his powers over highways. (Charter, §164.) §5. Market hours. Every vehicle in which articles shall be brought to market, or which shall come within the limits of any market, shall be removed therefrom at or before 12 o’clock noon of each day, except Saturday. On Saturdays, any market may remain open and market licensees may conduct business therein until 12 o’clock, midnight. (C. O., §83a.) §6. Regulation of toilet facilities. No water closet or urinal shall be erected or maintained in any public market, over or above any stall, stand or place where meats, fish, butter, eggs, fowl, game, vege- tables, fruits, or other articles of food supply are kept or offered for sale, and all 335 CHAP. 15, ART. 2, SECS. 20-22. such water closets and urinals shall, so far as practicable, be built and maintained below the ground floor of such market. (Ord. effective Apr. 4, 1911.) ARTICLE 2. Location and Designation of Public Markets. Section 20. Delancey street market. 21. Eighth ward market, borough of Brooklyn. 22. Essex market 23. Queensboro bridge market. 24. Gansevoort market. 25. Jefferson market. 26. Manhattan bridge market. 27. The 59th street bridge market. 28. Third avenue market. 29. The Atlantic avenue public market. 30. Union square market. 31. Wallabout market. 32. Washington market. 33. West Washington market. 34. Jamaica market. 35. Catherine market. 36. Peck Slip market. 37. Columbia street market, Brooklyn. 37. The 9th avenue market. 38. Monroe street market. 39. Lenox avenue market. 40. Park avenue market. §20. Delancey street market. The space under the Williamsburg Bridge between Ridge and Columbia streetSj in the Borough of Manhattan, shall be set aside and apart for a public market, and shall be known as the Delancey Street market. (As amended by ord. approved July 20, 1916.) §21. Eighth ward market, borough of Brooklyn. So much of the lands in the borough of Brooklyn as are bounded and described as follows, to wit : Beginning at a point on the westerly line or side of 2d avenue, 375 feet northerly from the centre line of 39th street; running thence westerly on a line parallel with and distant 375 feet from said center line of 39th street to the pierhead line, as established by law; thence northeasterly along said pierhead line to a point on the westerly prolongation of the southerly line of 36th street; thence easterly along the westerly prolongation of the southerly line of 36th street to the westerly line or side of Second avenue; and thence southerly along the westerly line or side of Second avenue, 376 feet, more or less, to the point or place of beginning, in said borough, shall be set aside and apart for public wholesale market, and shall be known as the Eighth ward market, borough of Brooklyn. (C. O., §83.) §22. Essex market. So much of the lands in the borough of Manhattan as are bounded and described as follows, to wit : The premises located on the northwest corner of the blind alley or lane, and Essex street, situated between Grand and Broome streets, heretofore known and used as the “Essex Market Court House,” the premises located and bounded by Grand street, Ludlow street, the blind alley and Essex street, now occu- 336 MARKETS. pied as a public school and formerly known as the Old Essex Market, and also the said blind alley or lane situated between Grand and Broom streets, and running from Ludlow to Essex street, in said borough, shall be set aside and apart for a public market, and shall be known as Essex Market. (Ord. effective May 20, 1913.) §23. Queensboro bridge market. The lands bounded and described as follows : Bounded on the west by the easterly side of First avenue; bounded on the south by the northerly line or curb of East 59th street to a point at right angles to the centre line of anchorage pier; thence running northerly on a line parallel to First avenue to the easterly line or curb of East 60th street; thence westerly along the line or curb of East 60th street to the westerly line or curb of First avenue, the same being the point or place of beginning, are hereby declared to be a public market, to be known as the Queensboro bridge market, and shall be set aside for such purposes during the pleas- ure of the board of aldermen, subject to such rules and regulations concerning fees, The hours of doing business and the general management of said market as may b€ made by the comptroller. (As amended by ord. approved July 20, 1916.) §24. Gansevoort market. The lands bounded on the north by Little 12th street, on the south by Ganse- voort street, on the east by Washington street, and on the west by West street and 10th avenue, are hereby declared f o be a public market place, and, subject to the provisions of §205 of the charter, shall uc kept for the exclusive use of farmers and market gardeners. (Charter, §163.) §25. Jefferson market. So much of the lands in the block bounded by Sixth avenue, Greenwich avenue and West 10th street, in the borough of Manhattan, as are now used for mar- ket purposes shall be set aside and apart for a public market, and shall be known as Jefferson market. (New.) §26. Manhattan bridge market. (Repealed by ord. appd. Dec. 19, 1919.) §27. The 59th street bridge market. So much of lands in the Borough of Manhattan as are bounded and described as follows, to wit: Bounded on the east by the westerly side of First avenue; bounded on the south by the northerly line or curb of East 59th street to a point at right angles to the easterly margin of a driveway, which driveway extends under the Queensboro bridge from 59th street to 60th street, parallel to and west of First avenue and parallel to and east of Second avenue ; thence running northerly on a line parallel to First avenue, to the southerly line or curb of East 60th street; thence easterly along the line or curb of East 60th street to the westerly line or curb of First avenue, the same being the point or place of beginning, are hereby declared to be a public market, to be known as “ The 59th street bridge market,” and shall be set aside for such purposes during the pleasure of the board of aldermen, subject to such rules and regulations concerning fees, the hours of doing business, and the general management of said market as may be made by the commissioner of public markets of the City of New York. (Added by ord. appd. Feb. 3, 1919.) §28. Third avenue market. All space beneath and under the Third avenue bridge at 129th street and Third avenue, bounded by the interior walls under said bridge on the east and west from! the bulkhead line at the north, Third avenue and East 130th street on the south to the curb lines thereof, is hereby declared to be a public market and shall be set 337 CHAP. 15, ART. 2, SECS. 29-31. aside for such purposes during the pleasure of the board of aldermen subject to such rules and regulations concerning fees, the hours of doing business and the general management of said market as may be made by the comptroller. (Ord. effective Jan. 4, 191S.> §29. The Atlantic avenue public market. So much of lands in the Twenty-sixth ward, borough of Brooklyn, as are bounded and described as follows, to wit : Bounded on the east of Miller avenue, thence running westerly along Atlantic avenue and under a present elevated structure of the Long Island Railroad to Pennsylvania avenue, being at present an unpaved section of the street between the north and south paved driveways and approximately forty feet wide, are hereby declared to be a public market, to be known as “ The Atlantic avenue public market,” and shall be set aside for such purposes during the pleasure of the board of aldermen, subject to such rules and regulations concerning fees, the hours of doing business and the general management of said market as may be made by the commissioner of public markets of the city of New York. (Added by ord. appd. July 17, 1919.) §30. Union square market. So much of the lands in the borough of Manhattan as are bounded and described as follows, to wit: Beginning at a point on the northeast line of Union square; running thence northerly and parallel with Fourth ave., about 98 feet to the southerly house line of 17th st. ; thence westerly along the southerly house line of 17th st. about 218 feet; thence southerly and parallel with Fourth avenue about 98 feet to the northerly line of Union square; and thence easterly along the northerly line of Union square about 218 feet to the place of beginning, in said borough, shall be set asidq and apart for a public market for the sale of plants and flowers, and shall be known as the Union square market. (Ord. effective June 17, 1913.) §31. Wallabout market. 1. Farmers’ square. The portion of Wallabout market in the borough of Brooklyn, commonly known as “Farmers’ Square,” shall be kept for the exclusive use of farmers and market gardeners. (Charter, §164.) 2. Leases. The comptroller shall have and be vested with all the powers exercised by the commissioner of city works of the former city of Brooklyn, and shall have the sole power to lease any portion of the Wallabout market lands and, renew exist- ing leases, on such terms and such rentals as may be agreed upon between him and the lessees or holders, subject to the following provisions as to the rate of rent: in case the amount of rent for any renewal term of any lease be not agreed upon, as aforesaid, by the 1st day of January preceding the expiration of the previous term, the same shall, if either the comptroller or the lessee or holder shall so elect, be fixed as now provided by law, except that the rent may, in the discretion of the comp- troller be reduced. The rents for such renewal terms, whether agreed upon as above provided, or fixed as now provided by law, shall not be less than an amount equal to Yz of the rent of the preceding term, nor exceed an amount equal to the rent of the preceding term and Y thereof in addition thereto. The comptroller may at any time, with the consent of the lessee or holder, vary or modify any of the provisions of any lease of such lands. (Id.) 3. Sale of liquor. Distilled and rectified spirits, wine and fermented and malt liquors, shall not be sold or offered for sale in Wallabout market lands; and all leases of any portion of such lands shall contain a provision restricting and pro- hibiting the sale or offering for sale of any such spirits, wine and fermented and malt liquors on any lands leased thereby. (Id.) 338 MARKETS. §32. Washington market. The lands contained in the block bounded by Washington street, Fulton street, West street and Vesey street, in the borough of Manhattan, shall be set aside and apart for a public market, and shall be known as Washington market. (New.) §33. West Washington market. The lands in the borough of Manhattan bounded on the north by Bloomfield street and the north side of West 14th street, on the south by the south side of Gansevoort street, on the west by 13th avenue, 10th avenue, and marginal street, from West 13th street to West 14th street, and on the east by 9th avenue, are hereby dedicated to market purposes, and shall be used and occupied as such, in the manner that may be designated and prescribed by the commissioners of the sinking fund, who shall have full power and authority in respect thereto. The commissioners may, in their discretion, lease any of said lands for such term of years, with such covenant and for such annual rentals, as in their judgment, shall be for the best interests of the city, or continue the use of the same as a public market. (Amended by ord. appd. Oct. 26, 1917.) §34. Jamaica market. So much of the lands in the Borough of Queens bounded and described as follows, to wit: Beginning at a point in Jamaica, Borough of Queens, known as Archer avenue (Twombly place where said Archer avenue (Twombly place) is intersected from the north by Twombly place (Twombly place) ; running thence westerly on Archer avenue (Twombly place) on the northerly side of and parallel to the Long Island Railroad, approximately 900 feet to a point where Archer avenue (Twombly place) is intersected from the north by 151st street (Division street) and between the house lines of said Archer avenue (Twombly place) in said borough be set aside and apart between the hours of 4 a. m. and 10 a. m. daily, for the purpose of a wholesale terminal curb market, for the sale of fruits, vegetables and produce and shall be known as Jamaica market. (Added by ord. appd. Dec. 17, 1919.) §35. Catherine market. So much of the territory in the Borough of Manhattan as is bounded on the north by Cherry street, on the east by Market slip, on the south by South street, and on the west by Catherine slip, shall be and is hereby set aside and apart for a public market, and shall be known as Catherine Market. (Added by ord. appd. March 31, 1920.) §36. Peck slip market. So much of the territory in the Borough of Manhattan as lies between South and Water streets, both sides of the street, 15 feet from the curb line towards the centre of the street, shall be, and is hereby, set aside and apart for a public market and shall be known as Peck Slip Market. (Added by ord. appd. June 5, 1920.) §37. Columbia street market, Brooklyn. So much of the territory in the borough of Brooklyn as lies on Columbia street, between Hamilton avenue and Harrison street, except portions "at intersecting streets from house line to house line, and for a distance not more than 8 feet from the curb lines to the centre of the street, is hereby set aside and apart for a public market exclusively for the sale of fruits and vegetables, and shall be known as Columbia street market. (Added by ord. appd. July 22, 1920.) §38. The 9th avenue market. So much of lands in the borough of Manhattan as are bounded and described as follows, to wit: Bounded on the north by the southerly line or curb of West 42d street; bounded on the east by the easterly line or curb of 9th avenue; bounded on 339 CHAP. 15, ARTS. 2, 3, SECS. 38-50. the south by the northerly line or curb of 38th street ; bounded on the west by the westerly line or curb of 9th avenue, are hereby declared to be a public market, to be known as “The 9th Avenue Market” and shall be set aside for such purpose during the pleasure of the Board of Aldermen, subject to such rules and regulations concern- ing fees, the hours of doing business, and the general management of said market as may be made by the commissioner of public markets of the city of New York. (Added by Ord. Appd. Nov. 3, 1920.) §38. Monroe street market. So much of the territory in the borough of Manhattan as lies on Monroe street, between Catherine street and Market street, for a distance not more than 10 feet from the curb lines to the center of the street, is hereby set aside and apart for a public market exclusively for the sale of vegetables and food products, and shall be known as Monroe street market. (Added by ord. appd. Dec. 23, 1920.) §39. Lenox avenue market. So much of the territory in the borough of Manhattan as lies on Lenox avenue, between 139th street and 141st street, except portion at intersection of 140th street from house line to house line, and for a distance not more than 10 feet from the curb lines to the center of the street, is hereby set aside and apart for a public market exclusively for the sale of vegetables and food products, and shall be known as Lenox avenue market. (Added by ord. appd. Dec. 23, 1920.) §40. Park avenue market. So much of the lands in the borough of Manhattan as are bounded and described as follows: The entire space on Park avenue underneath the structure of the New York Central or the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Company, com- mencing from the corner of 111th street and Park avenue, running thence along said Park avenue to 115th street and covering the territory from the east side of Park avenue to the west side thereof along said streets excepting the intersecting streets which shall be kept clear and unobstructed ; shall be set aside for a public market to be known as the Park avenue market. (Added by ord. appd. Dec. 23, 1920.) ARTICLE 3. Farmers and Market Gardeners. Section 50. License required. 51. Market wagons. 52. Removal of obstructions. §50. License required. Any farmer or market gardener, desiring to use any public market, may present to the collector of city revenue and superintendent of markets an affidavit, stating his name, residence, occupation and a general description of the commodities which he desires to sell in such market, together with a request that a licensee be issued to him for market privileges. On the filing of such affidavit, and the payment of a nominal fee sufficient to defray the cost of issuing the license, the collector of city revenue and superintendent of markets, if satisfied that the applicant is a reputable person, shall issue to him a license to use such market for a period not to exceed 1 year. All licenses issued under this section shall be numbered and registered, in the office of the collector of city revenue and superintendent of markets, and there shall be issued to each license a market tag or plate in such form and design as shall be prescribed by the comptroller, upon which the number of the license shall conspicuously appear. No unlicensed farmer or market gardener shall be permitted to use any public market, and, while any licensed farmer or market gardener shall be exercising 340 MARKETS. market privileges, he shall at all times cause to be displayed conspicuously the tag or plate containing the number of his license. (Charter, §163.) §51. Market wagons. The owner of every cart or other vehicle, used for the purpose of bringing meat, garden produce or bther thing to any of the public markets to be sold, shall cause his name to be painted in a plain manner and on a conspicuous part of such cart or vehicle. (C. O., §83e.) §52. Removal of obstructions. All vehicles, boxes, baskets, market-produce and other articles and things brought into any market or market place, or placed upon a street or sidewalk adjacent to any market, shall be removed therefrom by the licensee, or other person responsible for such obstruction, at the close of market hours, or sooner, if required by the collector of city revenue and superintendent of markets or his authorized subordinate. (C. O., §83c.) ' ARTICLE 4. ^Manufacture and Sale of Ice. Section 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66 . 67. Application for license ; domestic use defined ; standard fixed. License ; fee. Metal plates to be attached to vehicles ; removal. To be weighed when sold; avoirdupois weight or standard measure- ment prescribed. Prohibited sources of supply. Duty of commissioner; inspections required. Ice for domestic use ; restriction of sale. General penalty. §60. Application for license; domestic use defined; standard fixed. Every person or corporation desiring to engage in the business of manufacturing, harvesting, retailing and selling any ice in the City of New York, from house to house, or to hotels, restaurants, purveyors of ice cream and beverages, or other places where such ice so sold and delivered may be used in contact with articles of food or drink (which use is hereinafter referred to as “domestic use”) ; or where such ice is to be used solely for cooling purposes, shall, before engaging in such business, file a written application with the commissioner of public markets for a license therefor, stating in such application the place or places where such ice is to be or has been cut, manu- factured, or gathered, the means of delivery, the location of the depots or places in the City from which such ice is to be delivered, and the quality of the ice intended to be sold. Such application shall be verified by thq oath of the applicant, or, if the applicant is a corporation, by the oath of some officer thereof. All ice to be sold or delivered within the City for domestic use as aforesaid shall be pure and healthful ice, free from matter deleterious to health ; and such ice is hereby defined to be ice which upon chemical and bacteriological examination shall be found to be free from nitrates and pathogenic bacteria and to contain not more than nine-one-thousandths of one part of free ammonia and nine one-thousandths of one part of albuminoid ammonia in each one hundred thousand parts. §61. License; fee. The commissioner shall examine such application, and if it shall appear to him therefrom that the ice intended to be sold is such ice as may under this article be law- fully sold and delivered in the City, for domestic use as aforesaid, the commissioner shall issue such application, conditioned that the applicant shall comply with all the ♦Added by ord. appd. June 11, 1920. 341 CHAP. 15, ART. 4 , SECS. 62-64. ordinances relating to the cutting, manufacturing, storing, selling and delivery of ice, and with all lawful rules and regulations of the department of public markets and the department of health, touching the ice business and touching the protection and care of articles of drink and food materials, and that the applicant will not sell or give away any ice containing any substance deleterious to health during the period of his license, except as hereinafter provided. Upon receipt of such application, if such application shall be approved by the commissioner he shall issue or cause to be issued to such applicant a license authorizing the applicant to engage in the business of retailing and selling ice, either for domestic use solely or for packing or cooling pur- poses solely, or for both purposes, for and during the period of such license. Such license shall be issued for an annual period beginning on the first day of May in each year, and the fee therefor shall be $5 for each period or fraction thereof, payable in advance, and from each applicant operating more than one vehicle the fee shall be at the same annual and proportionate rate for each vehicle so employed. §62. Metal plates to be attached to vehicles; removal. Every person or corportion licensed under the provisions of this article shall have securely fastened on each side of the outside of the box of each wagon or other vehicle used by him or it, in and about the business of vending or distributing ice, a metal plate not less than ten inches long and six inches wide, having stamped or plainly marked thereon the words “New York City Ice Dealer” and a number corresponding to the number of the license of the ice dealer owning, controlling or using such wagon or vehicle. Such plate shall also have marked thereon the year or period for which such license is issued. Such plate shall be furnished by the Commissioner and shall be of a different color and design for each year. No person or corporation licensed under the provisions of this article shall use or cause to be used in and about the business of vending or distributing ice in the City, any wagon or other vehicle which shall not have attached thereon metal plates, in accordance with the provisions of this section, and it shall be the duty of such person or corporation, at the expiration of the license year or period for which such metal plates were issued, to remove or cause to be removed, such plates from such wagon or other vehicle, or destroy the same, and no such metal plates shall be used on any wagon or other vehicle at any time other than during the period or year for which such plates were issued. §63. To be weighed when sold; avoirdupois weight or standard measurement prescribed. Every person or corporation selling ice or offering ice for sale, at the time of delivery of any ice, shall weigh the quantity of ice delivered, and for that purpose shall be provided with a steel-yard balance or other apparatus for weighing such ice, which shall have been duly adjusted and sealed by an inspector of weights and meas- ures, in accordance with the provisions of this ordinance, or should be sold standard cubic measurement, and all ice sold within the City shall be sold by avoirdupois weight or standard measurement. Any person or corporation selling or offering for sale ice within, or delivering ice to any person within the city, who shall violate any of the provisions of this section, shall be fined not less than $25 nor more than $100 for each offense, or have his license revoked at the discretion of the commissioner. §64. Prohibited sources of supply. No person or corporation shall sell or deliver in the city any ice for domestic use, as aforesaid, which shall have been taken or gathered from any stagnant or polluted part of the Hudson River, or any of its branches, or from any body of water which 342 MARKETS. is stagnant, or in which refuse, industrial waste, garbage, sewage or any other mate- rial tending to destroy the purity of the ice cut or obtained from such water, and no ice shall be sold or delivered in the city for domestic use, as aforesaid, which shall have been taken from any lake, pond, river, stream or other body of water, wherever located, which is defiled by sewage, garbage, ashes, decaying vegetation, refuse or waste from any industry, or by any other substances tending to make the ice cut or obtained from such water impure and unhealthful, according to the standard fixed by this article for ice. §65. Duty of commissioner; inspections required; to make rules and regulations. It shall be the duty of the commissioner to examine or cause to be examined, from time to time, the places where ice is gathered or is to be gathered, or has been gathered, for sale and delivery, as aforesaid, and all places where such ice may be stored or kept, and every vehicle in which the same may be delivered on any part of its route from the place where it is gathered to the consumer, and to examine and cause to be examined, from time to time, ice so sold or delivered, or to be sold or delivered, so far as he may deem necessary or expedient, to ascertain whether such ice is pure and healthful and free from matter deleterious to health, according to the standard fixed in this article; and if, from such examination, it shall be found that any person or cor- poration has sold or distributed, or is selling or delivering, any ice for domestic use, as aforesaid, below the said standard or any ice contrary to the provisions of this article, such person or corporation may be fined not less than $25 nor more than $100 for each offense, and at the discretion of the commissioner, for repeated offense may have his license revoked. The commissioner shall, from time to time, make such reasonable rules as to the storing and delivery and inspection of ice to be sold or delivered for domestic use, as aforesaid, as will prevent the distributing for domestic use, as aforesaid, of any im- pure ice or ice containing deleterious substances according to said standard. The commissioner shall, from time to time, when necessary, make investigation of the manufacturing, harvesting, storing and delivery of ice to be sold or delivered for domestic use, and shall have the power to make such reasonable rules, and enforce the same, as will prevent profiteering in the distribution of ice for domestic use. §66. Ice for domestic use; restriction of sale. No ice designated or intended to be sold, offered for sale or delivered for domestic use, shall be sold, offered for sale or delivered from any wagon or other vehicle used in vending or distributing of ice to be used for packing or cooling purposes. §67. General penalty. Any person or corporation violating any of the provisions of this article shall be fined, where no other penalty is herein expressly provided for, in a sum of not less than $25 nor more than $100 for each offense, or the revocation of his license at the discretion of the commissioner. The provisions of this article shall not be construed to curtail, limit or affect any of the powers, jurisdiction or authority of the board of health of the department of health of the city of New York. 343 CHAPTER 16. MUNICIPAL CIVIL SERVICE. Article 1. General provisions. 2. Special provisions. ARTICLE 1. General Provisions. Section 1. Officers and employees to be residents. 2. Vacations. 3. Hours of service during July and August. §1. Officers and employees to be residents. No person not a citizen and an actual resident and dweller, in good faith, in the state of New York shall be eligible to appointment or employment in any of the depart- ments, boards, bureaus or branches of the government of the city, except in institu- tions which care for the sick and infirm, and in clinics or dispensaries which furnish medical or surgical advice or treatment, and in laboratories offering facilities for the diagnosis of disease or the analysis of food and drugs. Any person who now is or who shall become, after such appointment or employment, a citizen, resident or dweller outside the state of New York, shall thereby forfeit his said appointment or employ- ment and shall be removed therefrom. The provisions of this section shall not apply to appointments or employments for services or work to be performed for the city outside the state of New York; nor to a temporary appointment or employment for a •specific service or work, where peculiar or exceptional qualifications of a scientific, professional or educational character are necessary. Prior to such temporary appoint- ment or employment, evidence in writing shall be furnished that the services or work to be performed cannot be well done by any citizen and actual resident of the state of New York who is available, and that the non-resident person proposed to be appointed is generally recognized as one possessing such exceptional qualifications in a high de- gree. No appointment or employment under this section shall be valid unless the consent of the mayor shall be first obtained. He may require the municipal civil service commission to pass upon the matter and certify whether such appointment or employ- ment be necessary, and, also, whether the non-resident person proposed therefor be competent and necessary, for lack of a citizen and actual resident of the state of New York who is available for appointment. (Ord. effective May 13, 1913; amended by ord. appd. Dec. 3, 1917; amd. by ord. appd. April 6, 1918.) §2. Vacations. 1. Salaried employees. The executive heads of the various departments, and the bureaus thereof, of the city, including the department of education, shall grant a vacation of not less than 2 calendar weeks in each year to every employee for whom provision is made for continuous or yearly service ; provided, that if any employee has been less than 1 year in the service, it shall be within the discretion of the executive head of the department or bureau having jurisdiction to grant such vacation. Vaca- tions authorized by this sub-division may be extended for such period of time as the duties, length of service, and other qualifications of the employee may warrant. (Ord. effective June 6, 1914.) 2. Per diem employees. A vacation shall be granted during the months of June, July, August and September of each year to each per diem employee who has been in the service of the city for at least six months prior to each June first and 344 ■9 . MUNICIPAL CIVIL SERVICE. who shall waive all claims to any rights or privileges under chapter 121 of the Laws of 1913. Such vacation shall consist of two weeks. This subdivision shall not apply to per diem employees who are engaged to furnish professional or expert services at a per diem rate. (Amd. by ord, appd. June 10, 1919.) 3. Time of vacation. The heads of the various departments and bureaus may fix the time when vacation shall be given, except that per diem employees, other than those of the board of water supply, department of parks and the department of water supply, gas and electricity, shall be given vacations only during the months of June, July, August and September. (Id.) 4. Compensation. For all vacations granted under this section, the same compen- sation shall be allowed as if the recipient were actually employed. (Id., amended by ord. effective July 6, 1915.) §3. Hours of service during July and August. Four hours upon any Saturday during the months of July and August, shall constitute a full day’s work for all employees of any department or bureau of the city. The head of a department or bureau shall have power to employ his subordinates upon any legal holiday, or may employ them upon any such Saturday in excess of the legal day’s work above prescribed, paying them compensation therefor at the rate of their usual wages or salaries. The provisions of this section shall apply to and include per diem employees, but shall not apply to the uniformed forces of the police and fire departments. (Ord. effective June 24, 1913.) ARTICLE 2. Special Provisions. §10. Employees of fire or police department; reinstatement. Employees of the fire or police department, not entitled to a trial before dismissal, and who were given an opportunity to explain charges before they were removed, may apply to the mayor, within 1 year from the date of the order separating them from the service, for a further opportunity to explain, setting forth the reasons for such action. The mayor may, in his discretion, grant the application. The fire or police commissioner shall, thereupon, afford a further opportunity to the dismissed employee, to explain the charges filed against him, on which the removal was based. Thereafter the fire or police commissioner may, in his discretion, reinstate the dis- missed employee or reaffirm the previous removal ; but, prior to any reinstatement under this section, the former employee shall file a written statement waiving all claim or claims for back salary and damages of any kind whatsoever. (Ord. effectivt March 4, 1914.) 345 CHAPTER 17. PARKS, PARKWAYS AND PARK STREETS. *( Regulations of the Park Board, Adopted November 19, 1914.) With amendments to the close of the period December 31, 1920. Article 1. General provisions. 2. Traffic regulations. 3. Building and other projections. 4. Miscellaneous. Section 1. 2 . 3. 4. 5. 6 . 7. 8 . 9. 10 . 11 . 12 . 13. 14. 15. 15a. 16. 17 . 18. ARTICLE 1. General Provisions. Definitions. Interfering with lands or improvements thereon. Sub-surface disturbances. Over-head wires. Destruction of or injury to park property. Preservation of lawns and grass plots. Bringing trees, plants and flowers into parks. Use of roller skates. Rubbish and refuse matter. Processions; drills; music. Public meetings. Sales or exhibitions. Posting bills or placards ; distributing cards, circulars or pamphlets. Bathing, fishing, boating and skating. Protection of animals, birds and reptiles. Baseball and other games. Animals at large. Disorderly conduct. §1. Definitions. Unless otherwise expressly stated, whenever used in this chapter, the following terms shall respectively be deemed to mean : 1. Commissioner , or the commissioner, the park commissioner having jurisdiction of a particular park, or park-street, as hereinafter defined; 2. Park, any park, parkway, square, circle, or concourse, or part thereof, under the jurisdiction of the park department; 3. Park street, a street, avenue, boulevard or other highway, under the jurisdic- tion of the park department ; 4. Permit, a written authorization for the exercise of a specified park privilege, issued by the park commissioner having jurisdiction. §2. Interfering with lands or improvements thereon. No person shall modify, alter or in any manner interfere with the line or grades of any park or park street, nor take up, move or disturb any curb, gutter stone, flag- ging, of any park or park street, nor soil or gravel thereof, except by direction of the commissioner or under his permit. (New.) ^References in foot notes are to the park ordinances superseded by these regulations. 346 PARKS, PARKWAYS AND PARK STREETS. \ §3. Sub=surface disturbances. No person shall open, expose or interfere with any water or gas pipe, hydrant, stopcock, sewer, basin or other construction within or upon any park or park street, nor make any connection therewith, except under the authority of a permit, and upon the deposit of such sum of money as may be required by the commissioner to insure the restoration of the soil, sod, plants, shrubs, trees, sidewalks, pavement, curb, gutter and flagging disturbed in the making of such connection. (Park O., §22.) §4. Overhead wires. No person shall attach or string any electric or other wire or adjust or carry the same into or over any park or street, except under a permit. (Park O., §8.) §5. Destruction of or injury to park property. No person shall cut. break or in any way injure or deface any tree, shrub, plant, grass, post, railing, chain, lamp, lamp-post, bench, tree-guard, building, structure or other property in or upon any park or park street, nor shall any fallen branches be cut or removed without a permit. It shall be unlawful also to bring into any park any tool or instrument, such as a hatchet, axe or saw intended to be used for the cutting of branches of trees, or trees or other property. (Park O., §1 ; amd. by the Park Board May 1, 1919; filed with the City Clerk May 19, 1919.) §6. Preservation of lawns and grass plots. No person, unless he shall hold a special permit therefor, or unless a special permit therefor shall have been issued to a group of which he is a member, shall go upon any lawn or grassplot in any park or parkway except when permission therefor shall have been given to the public by the commissioner. (Filed with City Clerk Nov. 20, 1916.) §7. Bringing trees, plants and flowers into parks. No person shall bring into or carry within a park any tree, shrub, plant or flower, or newly plucked part thereof, without a permit. (Park O., §29.) §8. Use of roller skates. No person shall use roller skates upon any sidewalk, bridle path or driveway, nor in any building or place of public assembly, except upon such walks and during such hours as may be designated by the commissioner. ( Park O., adopted November 19, 1914.) §9. Rubbish and refuse matter. No person shall throw, cast or lay, or direct, suffer or permit any servant, agent, employee, or person in his or her charge, to throw, cast or lay, any ashes, offal, vegetables, garbage, dross, cinders, shells, straw, shavings, paper, dirt, filth, or rubbish of any kind whatsoever in any park, or in any lake, lawn, path, walk, road or drive thereof, or in any park-street; provided that in the morning before 8 o’clock, or before the first sweeping of the roadway of any park-street by the street cleaners, dust from the sidewalk may be swept into the gutter, if there piled, but not otherwise. (Park O., §§1, 2.) §10. Processions; drills; music. No parade, drill or manoeuver of any kind shall be conducted, nor shall any person play upon a musical instrument or display any flag, banner, target, sign, placard or transparency in any park, nor shall any civic or other procession form or move therein, without a permit; but no such permit shall be necessary for the use of the parade ground in Van Cortlandt park, borough of the Bronx, and the parade ground adjacent to Prospect Park, borough of Brooklyn, by organizations of the National Guard of the State of New York. (Park O., §§5, 28.) 347 CHAP. 17, ART. 1, SECS. ll-15a. §11. Public meetings. No person shall erect any structure, stand or platform, or hold any meeting, or perform any ceremony or make a speech, address or harangue in any park, without a permit. (Park O., §§6, 24.) §12. Permits for sales, exhibitions, etc. No person shall exhibit, sell, or offer for sale anything whatsoever, or take any photograph, or perform any personal service for hire in any park or parkway, or in any street, square, or public place under the jurisdiction of the department of parks except under a permit from the commissioner of parks of the borough in which such park or parkway, street, square, or public place is situated or other- wise than in accordance with the terms of such permit, provided, however, that the provisions of this section shall not apply to public hack stands maintained in streets adjacent to public parks, pursuant to section 99, article 8, chapter 14 of the Code of Ordinances. (Filed with City Clerk, Oct. 26, 1916.) §13. Posting bills or placards; distributing cards, circulars or pamphlets. No person shall post any bill, placard, notice or other paper upon any structure, tree, rock, article or thing within any park or upon any park street, nor paint nor affix thereon, in any other way, any advertisement, notice or exhortation, except under a permit and in strict conformity therewith. No person shall distribute, hand out or cast about any card, circular, pamphlet or other printed matter within any park or upon any park street. The placing, or using for any purpose other than reading, of newspapers, or other papers, or the leaving of newspapers, or other papers, on the lawns or benches of public parks, is forbidden. (Park O., §4; and by the Park Board Aug. 12, 1920. Filed with the City Clerk, Aug. 14, 1920.) §14. Bathing, fishing, boating and skating. No person shall bathe in, nor disturb in any way the fish in, the waters or foun- tains of any park, nor cast any substance therein; except, that in the waters adjacent to Pelham Bay Park bathing and fishing shall be permitted, subject to the rules and regulations prescribed by the commissioner. Fishing may also be allowed in the lakes of Prospect Park and Kissena Park, under permits. No person shall be permitted to appear in bathing costume, or in any other than customary street attire, in any park or parkway, except on the beaches in Pelham Bay, Seaside, Dreamland, Jacob Riis and Rockaway parks. No boat or vessel shall be placed upon any of the waters of any park, except by special permit. No skating or sledding shall be allowed on any park lakes, unless and until the ice is declared to be in a suitable condition by the commissioner. (Filed with City Clerk Aug. 19, 1917 ; amd. by the Park Board May 15, 1919; filed with the City Clerk May 19, 1919.) §15. Protection of animals, birds and reptiles. No person shall hunt, chase, shoot, trap, discharge or throw missiles at, or molest or disturb in any way, any animal, bird or reptile in any park. (Park O., §10.) §15a. Baseball and other games. No person shall throw, cast, catch, kick or strike with any implement whatever any baseball, golf ball, football, basket ball, bean bag, or other object in or upon any park or parkway, or any square, circle, concourse, playground, street, avenue boule- vard or other highway under the jurisdiction of the park department, or on any recre- ation pier, without a permit therefor issued by the commissioner or his supervisor of recreation nor otherwise than in accordance with the terms of such permit. (Filed with the City Clerk Nov. 20, 1916.) 348 PARKS, PARKWAYS AND PARK STREETS. §16. Animals at large. No horse or other animal shall be allowed to go at large in any park or upon any park street, except dogs that are restrained by a chain or leash not exceeding 6 f®et in length. (Park O., §9.) §17. Disorderly conduct. No person shall in any park, 1. Use threatening, abusive or insulting language ; 2. Do any obscene or indecent act; 3. Throw stones or other missiles; 4. Beg or publicly solicit subscriptions or contributions ; 5. Tell fortunes; 6. Play games of chance, or use or operate any gaming table or instrument ; 7. Climb upon any wall, fence, shelter, seat, statue or other erection; 8. Fire or carry any firearm, firecracker, torpedo or fireworks ; 9. Make a fire; 10. Enter or leave except at the established entrance-ways ; 11. Enter any park for the purpose of loitering and remaining therein after 12 o’clock at night, except as, on special occasions, the occupation and use thereof may be authorized beyond the regular hours. 12. Do any act tending to a breach of the public peace; 13. Bring into any park a beverage containing alcohol, except for delivery to a restaurant therein, duly licensed by the state excise department, with the permission of the commissioner of parks having jurisdiction, or consume publicly, except within the premises of a restaurant duly licensed as aforesaid, any beverage containing al- cohol. (Amended by the Park Board July 27, 1916.) 14. Bring, land or cause to descend or alight any aeroplane, airship, flying machine, balloon, parachute or other instrumentality for aviation in, on or upon any park or parkway, without a permit. (Adopted by the Park Board July 3, 1919; filed with the City Clerk July 8, 1919.) All persons doing any act injurious to a park shall be removed therefrom by the park keepers or by the police. When necessary to the protection of life or prop- erty, the officers and keepers of the park may remove all persons from any designated part thereof. (Park O., §§7, 11, 13, 24, 25.) No person shall loiter in any park at night where there is no light, in automobile, or other vehicle, or otherwise. It shall be unlawful after 12 o’clock midnight to loiter in any park, under any circumstances, unless general or special permission shall be given by the park commissioner. (Adopted by the Park Board July 3, 1919; filed with the City Clerk July 8, 1919.) § 18 . No parent, guardian or custodian of a minor shall permit or allow such minor to do any act prohibited by any provision of this chapter. (Filed with the City Clerk Oct. 14, 1916.) ARTICLE 2. Traffic Regulations. Section 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. Use of drives and bridle paths. Vehicles obstructing assemblies. Towing vehicles. Restrictions on certain vehicles. Public hacks, cabs and automobiles. Carriers of offensive refuse or heavy materials. Smoky motor vehicles. Park streets. 349 CHAP. 17, ART. 2 , SECS. 30-23. Section 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. Harlem river parkway. Ocean boulevard, Bay parkway, Eastern parkway and the Brooklyn- Queens speedway. Eastchester bay shore road. Bicyclists. Coney Island cycle paths. Instruction in driving motor vehicles or bicycles. §30. Use of drives and bridle paths. In all parks and parkways the drives shall be used only by persons in pleasure vehicles, on bicycles or on horseback; the bridle paths only by persons on horseback. Animals to be used on either shall be well broken, and constantly held in such control that they may be easily and quickly turned or stopped. No person shall operate, drive or propel, and no owner thereof riding thereon or therein shall cause or permit to be operated, driven, or propelled, on any park drive, parkway or park street, any bicycle, tricycle, velocipede, motor-cycle, motor-tricycle, motor delivery wagon, or motor vehicle, however propelled, or any vehicle drawn by horses or other animals, reck- lessly or negligently, or at a speed or in a manner so as to endanger, or to be likely to endanger, the life or limb of property of any person. A rate of speed exceeding 15 miles per hour shall constitute prima facie evidence of a prohibited rate of speed and manner of driving, and a violation of the provisions of this section ; a rate of speed exceeding 20 miles £er hour shall constitute a prohibited rate of speed and manner of driving, and . a violation of the provisions of this section ; and a rate of speed exceeding 25 miles per hour, on parkways in the outlying sections of the parks of the boroughs of The Bronx, Richmond and Queens, shall constitute a prohibited rate of speed and manner of driving, and a violation of the provisions of this section. When an officer on duty shall direct, by gesture or otherwise, that the speed of an animal or vehicle shall be checked, or that it shall be stopped, or its course altered, such direction shall be immediately obeyed. No horse or other beast of burden, nor any automobile, shall be driven or suffered to stand anywhere except on the drive or bridle path. On all driveways and parkways where grass plots divide the way, all vehicles and horsemen must keep to the right-hand drive or bridle path. (Ord., effective June 20, 1916.) §31. Vehicles obstructing assemblies. No owner or operator of a motor-cycle, automobile or horse drawn vehicle shall stop near any of the music stands or other places, in or about a park, parkway, plaza, concourse, circle or square, where any considerable number of persons are accus- tomed to congregate, or where such motor-cycles, automobiles or vehicles would be a source of danger to life and limb, except by permission of the commissioner. (Park O., §20; amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) §32. Towing vehicles. No vehicle of any kind, in tow of t another vehicle or machine, shall be allowed to enter any park or to proceed along any parkway, but, in case of break-downs within a park or parkway, the disabled vehicle may be towed to the nearest point of exit. (Park O., §35.) §33. Restrictions on certain vehicles. 1. Hearses. No hearse, or other vehicle or person carrying the body of a dead person, shall enter or be allowed in any part of a park, except by permit. (Park O., §28.) 2. Public carriers. No public omnibus or express wagon, and no wagon, cart or other vehicle, carrying or ordinarily used to carry merchandise, goods, tools or 350 PARKS, PARKWAYS AND PARK STREETS. rubbish shall enter such public parks, parkways, squares or places, except upon traffic roads provided for the purpose, without a permit. (Park O., §27.) 3. Fire apparatus. No fire engine, or other apparatus on wheels for extinguish- ing fire shall enter or be allowed upon any part of a park, except the transverse and traffic roads. (Park O., §19.) §34. Public hacks, cabs and automobiles. 1. Special permits. No automobile, stage or other vehicle shall be allowed to carry passengers for hire over or upon any park or parkway, except upon traffic roads; without a permit. (Park O., §19.) 2. Awaiting fares. No vehicle for hire shall stand within a park, parkway or park street for the purpose of taking up passengers, other than those whom it has brought in, without a permit. (Park O., §27; amd. by the Park Board Feb. 27, 1919; filed with the City Clerk March 1, 1919; again amd. May 1, 1919; amdt. filed with the City Clerk May 19, 1919.) 3. Soliciting passengers. All drivers, or attendants of vehicles for hire, standing upon or within any park, parkway or park-street, shall remain in close proximity to their vehicles while so standing, and no person shall in any way solicit a passenger for any vehicle for hire in any park, parkway or park street, and each park com- missioner may make a charge for such permit. (Park O., §30; amd. by the Park Board May 1, 1919; filed with the City Clerk May 19, 1919.) §35. Carriers of offensive refuse or heavy materials. No garbage, ashes, manure or other offensive material shall be carried over any parkway or through any park, except upon traffic roads set apart for the purpose. When such refuse is to be removed from residences fronting on any park or park street, the vehicle collecting the same must leave the park or street as soon as the collection has been accomplished, and within the time prescribed by the commissioner. No earth, sand or broken stone shall be carried over any parkway except on traffic roads, without a permit. (Park O., §21.) §36. Smoky motor vehicles. No person shall be permitted to run a motor vehicle which emits offensive quan- tities of smoke, gas or disagreeable odors from its exhaust or muffler, in a park or park street. (Park O., §33.) §37. Park streets. 1. General. No animal or vehicle shall be permitted to stand, nor shall any incumbrance of any kind be allowed to remain upon any street adjacent to or bound- ing upon any park, without a permit ; except that vehicles may be permitted to take up and set down passengers, and to load and unload merchandise in the usual manner, and may occupy the street a reasonable time for the purpose ; provided, however, that they shall not, while so doing, unnecessarily incumber the street or obstruct travel therein. (Park O., §12.) Heavy traffic restrictions. Business vehicles, heavy or light trucks, trailers, delivery wagons, etc., may be prohibited from using any roadway or portion of road- way under the jurisdiction of the Department of Parks, City of New York, or any branch thereof, which may be designated by the Commissioner having jurisdiction, by appropriate signs being placed thereon or otherwise. (Park O., §12; and by the Park Board, June 10, 1920. Filed with the City Clerk June 15, 1920.) 2. Special. The delivery of supplies to the residences on Riverside drive and Morningside Avenue West, in Manhattan, and the Shore road in Brooklyn, will be permitted in the forenoon, but no business vehicles shall enter upon or pass over said parkways after the hour of noon, except by special permit. In passing over any of said streets, business vehicles must go directly to the place of delivery and 351 CHAP. 17, ART. 2, SECS. 38, 39. must leave such street without unnecessary delay, and by the shortest route — the place of entry, if possible. The park streets specified in this subdivision must not be used to enable business vehicles to reach places exterior to such streets. (Ord. effect- ive June 20, 1916.) §38. Harlem river driveway. 1. Speedway restricted. The use of the Speedway is restricted to horse-drawn pleasure vehicles and to light vehicles of the classes known as buggies, runabouts, surreys and other like vehicles adapted to the speeding of light harness horses, seating not more than 4 persons and drawn by 1 or 2 horses, except by permit. Exercising carts may be used until 1 p. m. only. 2. Speeding, on Sundays and holidays, and after 3 o’clock p. m. on other days, will be permitted in one direction — from north to south only. 3. Ordinary travel. When not speeding, drivers must keep closely to the righl hand side of the road and keep moving. 4. Turning forbidden except at the ends of the driveway and at the bridges. 5. Loud shouting, to make horses break or urge them on, is strictly prohibited. 6. Hobbles. The use of hobbles, or other similar device or apparatus to fetter or connect the legs of horses, for the purpose of restricting or hampering their motion or gait, is forbidden. 7. Crossing roadway. Pedestrians must not cross on the Speedway; subways are provided for that purpose. (Park O'., adopted March 14, 1904.) §39. Ocean boulevard, Bay parkway, Eastern parkway and the Brooklyn= Queens speedway. 1. Business vehicles. Wagons, trucks, and other business vehicles, heavy or light, are prohibited from using the main drive of the Ocean Parkway, and from using Bay parkway, between 80th street and Gravesend bay, and must use the west road at all times, and they must use the block pavement, at either side of the main road or the traffic roads of the Eastern parkway. It shall be unlawful to drive any vehicle over the easterly road or bridle road of the Ocean parkway, between Prospect park and the Coney Island concourse, except as it may be necessary to cart or convey supplies to the residences along said easterly side road, or in case of buildings being erected fronting on said side road, when it shall be lawful to cart building materials thereon. In all cases, however, vehicles must enter said road from the street nearest to said residence or house in course of construction, and must leave the same at the next following intersecting street. (Ord. effective June 20, 1916.) 2. Automobile. Automobiles will not be permitted on the Speedway, between Bay parkway and Kings’ highway, on Wednesday afternoons between 1 and 6 p. m. During these hours, on Wednesdays, automobiles must take the west road. Vehicles of all other kinds, except those for light harness driving, shall be excluded from the Speedway during the hours herein specified. (Id.) 3. Speeding. Light harness driving on the Speedway (Ocean parkway, between Bay parkway and King’s highway) shall not be restricted as to speed, on Wednesdays between the hours of 1 and 6 p. m. ; speeding, however, is only to be permitted from Bay parkway toward Coney Island, and drivers shall be compelled to observe the rules of the road. (Id.) 4. Ocean parkway restriction — southerly end. The main roadway, cycle paths, bridle road and traffic road of Ocean parkway, from the southerly side of Sea Breeze avenue southerly to Coney Island Concourse, including the Concourse at the water- front, is hereby restricted to the use of automobiles, pleasure vehicles, equestrians, etc. Business wagons, trucks, auto trucks, trailers, etc., will not be permitted at any time on this section of Ocean parkway, except for purposes of delivery to business 352 PARKS , PARKWAYS AND PARK STREETS. places or residences located on the easterly side of the bridle road on this section of the parkway. (Adopted by the Park Board May 23, 1918; filed with the City Clerk May 24, 1918.) 5. Bushwick avenue — parkway restrictions. Business vehicles, heavy or light, trucks, trailers, delivery wagons, etc., are hereby prohibited from using the section of Bushwick avenue between the southerly curb line of Myrtle avenue and the north- easterly curb line of Jamaica avenue; this section being hereby restricted to the use of automobiles, pleasure vehicles, etc., with the exception of vehicles making deliveries to business or residential places located along the roadway, in which case vehicles must approach and leave roadway by nearest intersecting street. (Adopted by the Park Board Oct. 3, 1918; filed with the City Clerk Oct. 7, 1918.) §40. Eastchester bay shore road. No person shall operate an automobile on that part of the Eastchester bay shore road, beginning at the northerly approach to the bridge over Eastchester bay at its junction with the Eastchester boulevard, and running thence easterly and then north- erly, following a winding course, approximately parallel to the shore line of East- chester bay for a distance of approximately 4,450 feet to a point on the City Island road, 125 feet west of Glover’s rock, nor upon that portion of the shore road known familiarly as the Orchard Beach shore road, beginning at a point on the City Island road 435 feet east of Glover’s rock, running thence in a winding course approxi- mately parallel to the shore line of Pelham bay, through the camp reservation at Orchard beach, and' for a distance approximately 4,800 feet to the City Island road, where it joins the westerly approach to the City Island bridge. (Added by oird. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) §41. Bicyclists. No person shall ride a bicycle upon the foot-paths in any park or parkway. Bicyclists walking upon a foot-path may push their wheels along the path, but in no case shall the machine be taken upon the turf. (Park O., §13.) §42. Coney Island cycle paths. 1. Restriction. Horses, wagons, carriages, automobiles and pedestrians must not use bicycle paths. 2. Going and returning. Cyclists and motor-cyclists must use the west path when going toward Coney Island, and the east path in returning. 3. Speed limit. Cyclists and motor-cyclists must not exceed a speed of 18 miles an hour on the bicycle paths. Racing on the bicycle paths is prohibited, except by special permission of the commissioner. (Park O., adopted March 14, 1904.) §43. Instruction in driving motor vehicles or bicycles. Instruction in operating automobiles, motor-cycles, bicycles, tricycles, velocipedes or other vehicles of propulsion, is prohibited in parks and parkways at all times. (Park O., adopted March 14, 1904.) ARTICLE 3. Section 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66 . Building and Other Projections. General provisions. Fifth avenue, Manhattan. Riverside drive. Ocean Parkway. Restricted areas on Ocean parkway, Eastern parkway and Plaza street. Bushwick avenue boulevard, courtyard restrictions. Newsstands — boroughs of Manhattan and Richmond. 353 CHAP. 17, ART. 3, SECS. 60-65. i §60. General Provisions. 1. Jurisdiction. Each commissioner may grant permits for the erection and maintenance of projections on any park or parkway, within his jurisdiction, and on all streets and avenues within a distance of 350 feet from the outer boundaries thereof, upon such terms and conditions and upon the making of such compensation to the city as in his discretion he may determine, with respect to the particular locality. (Park O., adopted March 14, 1904.) 2. Correction of defects. Where permits have heretofore been granted, upon the making of compensation and a new permit is desired to correct any irregularity, defect or supposed want of jurisdiction in the granting of such permit, a new permit may be granted without further compensation. (Id.) 3. Curb and surface construction. Each commissioner may determine the line of curb and the surface constructions of all streets and avenues, lying within any park or parkway, in his jurisdiction, or within a distance of 350 feet from the outer boundaries therof, as he may deem advisable, according to the particular locality, and best calculated to maintain the beauty and utility of such park or parkway. (Id.) 4. House projections. Repealed by ord. effective Dec. 28, 1915. §61. Fifth avenue, Manhattan. Repealed by ord. effective Dec. 28, 1915. §62. Riverside drive. Repealed by ord. effective Dec. 28, 1915. §63. Ocean Parkway. All applications for projections of verandas, porches, piazzas, porticos, etc., beyond the 30 foot restriction line of Ocean Parkway, shall be accompanied by blue- prints of plan of proposed projection, drawn to a scale of of an inch to the foot, showing restriction line, lot lines, plan and section, or plan and elevation of projection. The projection shall not exceed 15 feet beyond the restriction line at any point, and shall be of open construction, with roof supported by columns or piers. (Ord., effective June 20, 1916.) §64. Restricted areas on Ocean parkway, Eastern parkway and Plaza street. The restricted areas on these parkways shall be reserved strictly for the purposes set forth in the respective laws governing same and shall not be used temporarily or permanently for any of the following purposes : advertising signs, contractors’ tool houses or shanties, disposal of garbage, refuse, rubbish or other waste materials, dumping ground for filling material, garage buildings, news-stands, gasoline stations, moving picture houses or purveying stands. No use or occupancy of any nature what- soever shall be made of these restricted areas without a permit having been previously secured from the commissioner of parks having jurisdiction. (Filed with City Clerk Oct. 23, 1917.) §65. Bushwick avenue boulevard, courtyard restrictions. 1. Structures. No person or persons shall erect or construct upon the twenty- foot courtyard on each side of the Bushwick Avenue Boulevard, by law set apart to be used as courtyards only, any piazza, verandah, covered or enclosed porch, platform or structure other than stoops, steps or platforms with open sides or railings not to exceed seven feet in height, or to extend upon said courtyards more than seven feet or a greater width than is necessary for the purpose of a convenient passageway into houses or buildings to which the same shall be attached; nor shall any person or per- sons build or construct any area or surface or sub-surface structure in said courtyards, except upon the approval of the Commissioner of Parks having jurisdiction. No super- structure, surface structure or sub-structure of any nature whatsoever shall be built in, placed or constructed upon said courtyards without receiving a permit from the 354 PARKS, PARKWAYS AND PARK STREETS. Park Commissioner having jurisdiction. Plans of such encroachments shall be drawn to the scale of one-quarter of an inch to the foot and shall be filed with said commis- sioner for his approval at the time of application for permit. 2. Trees and Shrubbery. The planting of trees and shrubs within the courtyard areas shall be subject to the written approval of the commissioner of parks having jurisdiction. 3. Signs. Advertising, business, or signs of any and all descriptions are hereby prohibited from being placed within the courtyard areas of Bushwick Avenue Boule- vard. This regulation shall be in effect as of the date of transfer of said Bushwick Avenue Boulevard from the jurisdiction of the President of the Borough of Brooklyn to the jurisdiction of the commissioner of parks for the borough of Brooklyn. 4. Rubbish, litter, etc . No rubbish, litter, garbage, ashes or obnoxious or of- fensive matter of any kind whatsoever shall be placed on or allowed to remain upon said courtyard areas. (Adopted by the Park Board Nov. 24, 1920, a §72; sec. number changed Dec. 30, 1920. Filed with the City Clerk Nov. 30 and Dec. 30, 1920.) §66. Newsstands — Boroughs of Manhattan and Richmond. Resolved, That there be added to the park ordinances, as regulations for news- stands in the boroughs of Manhattan and Richmond, the following: Newsstands in the boroughs of Manhattan and Richmond shall be operated in accordance with the following rules and regulations : 1. All newsstands shall be painted green, of a shade prescribed by the chief engineers, boroughs of Manhattan and Richmond. No stand shall bear any lettering not approved by said chief engineer. 2. The sale of all charts, circulars, leaflets, envelopes, etc., purporting to give information as to the condition of race horses, their past performances, and the probabilities of their winning at future racing events is prohibited. The violation of this provision shall be cause for the forfeiture of the park department’s license. 3. Holders of newsstands permits paying a license fee of less than $200 a year must personally attend their stands during two-thirds of the time of each day when such stands are transacting business. 4. All persons employed by permit holders as helpers in the sale of newspapers must take out park department licenses for the sale of newspapers from the arm. The employment as a helper in the sale of newspapers of a person unsatisfactory to the department shall be sufficient cause for the revocation of a permit. 5. No newsstand adjoining a grass plot shall exceed in height the ordinary pipe rail fence of the department of parks, against which such stand is placed. All news- stands adjoining grass plots shall have their top covers fully removable. On such newsstands there shall be no display either above the level of the pipe rail fence or to the left or right of the stand adjoining the grass plot. Violations of this order will result in the cancellation of that portion of the permit allowing the sale of periodicals, and will restrict the offender in the future to the sale of daily publications only. No newsstands adjoining a grass plot shall exceed six feet in length. 6. Newsstands on park walks not adjoining grass plots shall not exceed ten feet in length, nor shall any such stand have a total width of more than three feet. In cases where the distance between the rear of such stands and the nearest curb line is less than ten feet, such stands shall not exceed two feet in width. 7. Stands not adjoining grass plots shall not exceed seven feet in height. 8. Electricity shall be the only means for night illumination of newsstands. The use of any other illuminating material is cause for a revocation of the permit. 9. When newsstands on park department territory adjoin car tracks no part of such stand parallel to, but not immediately adjoining, a protective railing shall ex- 355 CHAP. 17, ART. 4. SECS. 70-72. ceed five feet in height. When such stand adjoins a protective railing no part of such stand, adjoining such railing, shall extend beyond the furtherest point of such pro- tective railing. No part of any stand adjoining such protective railing shall be more than four and a half feet in height. 10. All licensees for the sale of newspapers shall keep the park walks in the vicinity of the territory assigned to them, which shall include a radius of fifteen feet beyond each position for the sale of newspapers from the arm, and within a radius of twenty-five feet from the position assigned to newsstands, free from rub- bish and litter of all kinds. Failure to comply with this condition will result, first, in a suspension of the privilege, and on the second offense in its cancellation. (Adopted by the Park Board July 19, 1917 ; filed with the City Clerk July 25, 1917. Designated as §66 by the Park Board Nov. 24, 1920. Filed with the City Clerk Dec. 31, 1920.) ARTICLE 4. Miscellaneous. Section 70. Trees and shrubs in streets. 71. New York botanical garden. 72. (Repealed by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) §70. Trees and shrubs in streets. 1. Planting. No shade or ornamental tree, or shrub, shall be planted in any street until a permit therefor has been granted. No hole or excavation shall be pre- pared for planting any tree or shrub, unless sufficient mould of satisfactory quality shall be used, and the conditions, such as the absence of poisonous gas and deleterious substances, have been made satisfactory. (Park O., adopted March 14, 1904.) 2. Cutting . breaking or disturbing. No stem, branch, or leaf of any such tree or shrub shall be cut, broken or otherwise disturbed, nor shall the root of any such tree or shrub be disturbed or interfered with in any way, by any individual or any officer or employee of a public or private corporation, until a permit shall have been issued therefor. The surface of the ground within 3 feet of any such tree or shrub, shall not be cultivated, fertilized, paved, or given any treatment whatever, except under a permit. (Id.) 3. Misuse. No person shall cut, deface, mutilate or in any way misuse any such tree or shrub, nor shall any horse or other animal be permitted to stand in a manner or position where it may cut, deface or mutilate the same. No building material, or other material or debris of any kind, shall be piled or maintained against any tree or shrub. No guy rope, cable or other contrivance shall be attached to any tree or shrub, nor shall any tree or shrub be used in connection with any banner, trans- parency. or any business purpose whatever, except under a permit. (Id.) §71. New York botanical garden. All provisions of this chapter, respecting the government of parks, shall be applicable to the New York botanical garden; provided, that in any case in which the commissioner is authorized to issue a permit for the exercise of a park privilege, the permit, if authorizing the exercise of such a privilege in the New York botanical garden shall be recommended or approved by the director in chief of the garden. (Id.) §72. Violations. (Repealed by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) CAMP SITES— BOROUGH OF THE BRONX. Resolved, That the park board approve and adopt, as ordinance, rules and regu- lations of the department of parks, applying to camp sites in The Bronx, the follow- ing regulations promulgated by the commissioner of parks for the borough of The Bronx : 356 PARKS, PARKWAYS AND PARK STREETS . Camp Permits. Camp permits are not saleable or transferable, except with the consent of the commissioner or his authorized representative, and may be revoked by the commis- sioner of parks for the borough of The Bronx, for sufficient cause. Tents. Tents must be of canvas, not larger than 15 by 35 feet, clean and neat in appear- ance, and approved by the commissioner or his authorized representative. Portable houses, or soiled, grimy or unsightly tents will not be permitted on the camp grounds. Tents are to be erected in a line 5 feet in the rear of camp stakes, and so as to leave a clear space of 7 feet 6 inches on each side. Rules. The so-called family camp site is intended for the exclusive use of families, and in all cases where it is found that the sites are being used otherwise or are being used only by men, the permits in such case will be revoked and the site ordered vacated. Boisterous or disorderly conduct is prohibited, under penalty of cancellation of permit forthwith and forfeiture of fees paid. A like penalty is attached to failure or refusal to obey the camp rules and regulations, or the proper orders of the fore- men in charge. Tents and sites must be thoroughly cleaned every morning and evening, the tent walls raised and the interiors aired and exposed to the sunlight. That part of a tent used in the preparation of food should be well screened and kept thoroughly clean, and all food carefully covered and protected from flies. All refuse and sweepings to be placed in receptacles provided for such purpose ; slop receptacles must be kept covered. Dogs, cats or other animals will not be allowed within camp limits, except by special permission in writing. Park benches must not be placed in tents. Signs of all kinds (camp names and numbers excepted) are forbidden. When leaving the camp site at the end of each season, each camper should see that his site is left in proper condition, as required by the rules of the department, that the site is inspected by the foreman, or his representative, and that a certificate of approval is issued to him by the foreman. The contents of the commodes used in the tents through the night must be dis- posed of not later than eight o’clock each morning. The rules of the department strictly prohibit persons going to and from the bath- ing beach, or elsewhere, simply in bathing suits. Some suitable covering must be worn over them. The water taps in front of and near the camp sites are to be used only for ob- taining water, and no one shall be allowed to wash any portion of his person, or any- thing, at these taps. In the event of sickness, notify person in charge of camp at once. All orders and directions issuing from the department of health must be promptly and fully complied with. Men’s Camp Sites. The same general rules apply to the men’s camp sites as to the family camp sites ; and, in addition, the department forbids women to visit or enter the camps set apart for the exclusive use of men. (Adopted by the Park Board Aug. 3, 1916: filed with the City Clerk Aug. 8. 1916 .) 357 CHAPTER 18. ^POLICE AND FIRE. Article 1. Boiler inspection. 2. Uniformed force. ARTICLE 1. Boiler Inspection. Section 1. Regulation of minor steam vessels. §1. Regulation of minor steam vessels. All boilers in vessels now used on the water in and around the city, not coming under the jurisdiction of the United States government, shall be under the jurisdiction of the police department, which is hereby authorized and empowered to test said boilers, and examine the persons operating the same as to their qualifications as engineers and firemen. Such tests of boilers, and the examination of persons operat- ing the same, shall be conducted in accordance with such provisions of the chaster and laws of the State of New York as are applicable to boilers operated on land. (C. O., §563.) ARTICLE 2. Uniformed Force. §5. Members, dismissed or reduced; hearing or rehearing of charges or causes therefor. When a member of the police department or the fire department shall have been dismissed or reduced, after trial by the police commissioner or the fire commissioner, as the case may be, from the position or rank theretofore held by him, or when a pro- bationary member of the police department or the fire department shall have been dis- missed, the person aggrieved may make written application to the mayor setting forth the reasons for demanding a hearing or rehearing of the charges or causes upon which he was dismissed or reduced, and provided that such dismissed or reduced mem- ber or probationary member shall waive in writing all claim against the city for back pay, the mayor may, in writing, consent to such hearing or rehearing, stating the rea- sons why such charges should be heard or reheard. Such application for a hearing or rehearing shall be made within one year after this ordinance takes effect, or within one year from the date of the dismisal or reduction, if such dismissal or reduction occurs after this ordinance takes effect. Such hearing or rehearing shall be had before the police commissioner if the applicant was a member or probationary member of the police department, and before the fire commissioner if the applicant was a mem- ber or probationary member of the fire department, and if such commissioner, as the case may be, shall determine that such member or probationary member has been illegally or unjustly dismissed or reduced from his position or rank, such commis- sioner, as the case may be, may restore him to the position or rank from which he was dismissed or reduced and allow him the whole of the time since any such dismissal or reduction to be applied on his time of service in his department, or for such other and further relief as such commissioner, as the case may be, may determine just, or affirm the dismissal or reduction as he may determine from the evidence. If the applicant be a probationary member of the police or the fire department, the commis- sioner, as the case may be, may allow him the time already served as a probationary member to count as time served, but shall not allow the time between the date of his dismissal and his restoration to count as service in his department. (Added by ord. appd. July 26, 1918.) ♦Amended by ord. approved July 26, 1918. 358 CHAPTER 19. RAILROADS. Article 1. Elevated railroads. 2. Street railroads. 3. Trunk line railroads. ARTICLE 1. ^Elevated Railroads. Section 1. Protection of streets below structures. 2. Receptacles for expectorations. 3. Violations. 4. Passengers riding on rear-end platforms of trains. §1. Protection of streets below structures. No officer, agent or employee of any elevated railroad shall permit any oil. grease, water, coals, scraps of iron, tools, or otherx liquid or solid substances, to fall or be dropped or be thrown from any engine, car, track, depot, structure, or other part or portion of an elevated railroad, into or upon any street or public place. (§78, Man- hattan ords.) §2. Receptacles for expectorations. All elevated railroad companies or other companies operating elevated railroads in the city shall, within 2 months from the date of the passage of this ordinance, provide proper receptacles for expectorations on all the elevated railroad stations and properly keep and maintain same, and that for a violation of this section each elevated railroad company or other company opeiating such railroads shall be liable to a penalty of not less than $10 for each day of such violation, and the action to recover such penalty shall be brought in the name of the city of New York. §3. Violations. Any person being the president, superintendent, or a director or other officer, or employee of an elevated railroad company who shall violate any provision of this article, excepting §2 thereof, shall, upon conviction therefor, be punished by a fine of not more than $50, or by imprisonment for not exceeding 30 days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. (§79 Manhattan ords.; amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) §4. Passengers riding on rear=end platforms of trains. No passenger on any elevated railroad train, whether operated over, upon or under the surface, in the city of New York, shall ride on the rear platform of the rear car, where such rear platform is not enclosed by vestibule. Provided, however, that the term “ passenger ” shall not include, or be construed to include, any officer, agent or employee of such elevated railroad, or any public officer or public employee, whose duties may require the riding on any such rear platform. Any person who shall violate any provision of this section shall, upon conviction therefor, be punished by a fine of not more than $10, or by imprisonment for not exceeding 10 days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. (Added by ord. appd. Nov. 19, 1918.) ARTICLE 2. Street Railroads. Section 10. Head-lights. 11. Licenses. 12. Transfers. ♦Amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916. CHAP. 19, ARTS. 2, 2, SECS. 10-20. §10. Headlights. Each railroad company, whose cars are propelled or driven within the limits of the borough of Manhattan, shall provide every passenger car, baggage car, freight car or other vehicle, operated by said company upon their tracks or track of other com- panies used by them, with a good light or lantern, which shall be placed in a con- spicuous position on the front of the car, between sunset and sunrise of each day. Any such company which shall refuse or neglect to conform to the provisions of this section shall be subject to a penalty of $100 for each and every trip, or part of a trip, made by a car that is not provided with the required light. (§§59, 60, Manhattan ords.) §11. Licenses. 1. Manhattan. For each passenger railroad car running in the borough of Man- hattan, there shall be paid into the city treasury the sum of $50 annually for a license ; except the 1-horse passenger cars, and the cars of the Ninth Avenue Railroad Com- pany, which shall each pay the sum of $25 annually for said license as aforesaid, and except such as pay the sum of 3 per cent, or over on their gross receipts, or where the franchise has been sold at public sale to the highest bidder. (§§56, 57, Manhattan ords.) 2. Brooklyn. The amount to be paid to the city by the railroad companies in the borough of Brooklyn, for the privilege of running their cars, shall be calculated on the average number of cars running annually on each route respectively, excluding the extra cars run on holidays. (§59, Brooklyn ords.) 3. Long Island City. For every street or surface car, operated within the limits of that section of the city formerly known as Long Island City, there shall be paid to the comptroller a license fee of $15. (§49, Long Island City ords.) §12. Transfers. Every car owned, operated, managed or controlled by a street surface or elevated railroad company in the streets or highways of the city shall carry throughout its route on the outside, in front and on top of each and every car so operated, a sign- board or placard, upon which shall appear conspicuously the destination of the said car. Every such company shall carry for a single fare upon such car, without change therefrom, each and every passenger to any regular stopping place desired by him, upon said car’s route, in the direction of the destination so designated; and for every violation of this section the company so offending shall be liable to a penalty in the sum of $100, recoverable in an action to be brought in the name of the city of New York; but this section shall not apply to a transfer made to a connecting line going in a different direction from that in which such car may be going, nor where by reason of any accident compliance with this section is rendered impossible. (§§63, 64, Manhattan ords. ; amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916 ; amd. by ord. appd. Feb. 20, 1919.) ARTICLE 3. Section 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. Trunk=line Railroads. Park avenue tunnel ; Manhattan. Long Island railroad. Grade crossings. Obstruction of streets. Violations. §30. Park avenue tunnel; Manhattan. No railroad company or companies using any tunnel in Park avenue, in the borough of Manhattan, nor any manager, employee or servant of such company shall 360 RAILROADS. permit bituminous coal smoke to escape from any locomotive while in or running through said tunnel. §70, Manhattan ords.) §31. Long Island railroad. No freight or passenger car detached from an engine of the Long Island railroad company shall remain longer than 10 minutes in any public street. Bituminous coal shall not be used on any engine running upon said railroad. Whenever platforms are placed in the streets for accommodation of passengers, the said company shall at its own expense keep the entire street between the platform and the curb in a cleanly and passable condition. This shall be construed to apply to each station and each platform wherever erected by said company within the city. (§70, Brooklyn ords.; amended by ord. effective Feb. 9, 1915.) §32. Grade crossings. 1. The Bronx. Every person, company or corporation, operating or controlling any railroad in the borough of The Bronx, upon which cars are drawn by locomotive engines, other than those known as “dummies,” shall erect and maintain suitable and substantial gates or doors on either side of said railroad, at every point in said borough at which its road or tracks cross any public street, at the grade thereof. Such gates or doors shall be kept well painted and in good repair, and shall be attended at all times during the., approach and passage of cars or trains by sober, careful and experienced men, whose duty it shall be to keep the tracks clear of all horses, cattle and vehicles, to warn all the persons against crossing said tracks during the approach of any train, locomotive or car, and to close said gates or doors at least 1 minute before the passage of any locomotive, engine or car over said public street. No person, company or corporation, operating or controlling any railroad in the borough of The Bronx, shall run or allow to be run any locomotive or locomotive tender without cars across any public street in said borough, unless the gates or doors at such crossing are closed or down. (§§67, 68, Manhattan ords.) 2. Brooklyn. At each street crossing, between Linwood street and Flatbush avenue, in the Borough of Brooklyn, men shall be constantly stationed, at all hours of the night and day when trains are in motion, and all crosswalks between such street crossings shall be properly guarded by strong, heavy gates at least 20 feet in width, at each street crossing, which shall be closed before the passage of any engine or train. (§70, Brooklyn ords.) 3. Disregard of closed gates. No person shall attempt to cross the tracks of any railroad at any street crossing, while the gates for the protection of such crossings arq closed, or being closed, and the police shall arrest any person so offending. (§29, Brooklyn ords.) §33. Obstruction of streets. No train of cars, nor any part thereof, including the locomotive and tender, shall remain or be left across or upon any street or sidewalk, so as to obstruct or prevent free travel along the same for a longer period than 5 minutes, during any period or during any hour, unless the same shall be unavoidable. (§15, Arverne ords.; §67, Manhattan ords.; §6a, Rockaway Beach ords.; §9, Far Rockaway ords.; §1, Edgewater, ords.) §34. Violations. Any railroad, or the manager or any agent or employee thereof, who shall violate any provision of this article, or who shall permit the same to be violated shall be liable to a penalty of $100. Any person who shall violate the provisions of subdivision 3 of §32 of this article, shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished as provided in §10 of chapter 27 of this ordinance. (§§66, 76, Manhattan ords.) 361 CHAPTER 20. THE SANITARY CODE. ( Revised and amended by the Board of Health December 31, 1914, and filed zvith the City Clerk, April 9, 1915, under §1172 of the Charter, zvith amendments to the close of the period December 31, 1920.) Article 1. 2 . 3. 4. 5. 6 . 7. 8 . 9. 10 . 11 . 12 . 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. Definitions. Animals. Births, marriages and deaths. Buildings. Cold storage. Medical examiners. Diseases. Drugs and medicines. Food and drink. General provisions. Midwifery and care of children. Miscellaneous provisions. Offensive . materials. Plumbing, drainage, ventilation and sewage. Passenger cars. Street conditions. Trades, occupations and businesses. Vessels and seamen. ARTICLE 1. Definitions. §1. Definitions. Unless otherwise expressly stated, wherever used in the sanitary code, the follow- ing terms shall be taken to mean and include : 1. Ashes. Cinders, coal, and every other substance which is left unconsumed by fire in stoves, furnaces, ranges, fire-pots, fireplaces, and other such places. (S. C., §2.) 2. Bakeries. All buildings, rooms, or places used or occupied for the purpose of making, preparing, or baking bread, biscuits, pastry, cake, doughnuts, crullers, noodles, macaroni, or spaghetti, to be sold or consumed on or off the premises, except kitchens in hotels, restaurants, boarding-houses, or private residences, wherein such products are prepared to be used and are used exclusively on the premises. (New.) 3. Board and said board. The board of health of the department of health of the city of New York. (S. C., §1.) 4. Boarding-house. Every building and part thereof other than a hotel, inn, or lodging-house, wherein meals or lodging, or both, may be obtained for hire (cus- tomarily by the week). (S. C., §3.) 5. Butcher. Whoever is engaged in the business of keeping, driving, or slaughter- ing cattle, or in selling any meat. (S. C., §7.) 6. Cattle. All animals, except birds, fowl, and fish, of which any part of the body is used as food. (S. C., §7.) 7. Cellar. Every basement or lower story of any building or house, of which said basement or lower story one-half or more of the height from the floor to the ceiling is below the level of the street adjoining, or the surface of the adjacent yard, court, or ground. (S. C.. §3.) 8. Department. The department of health of the city of New York. (S. C, §1.) 362 SANITARY CODE. 9. Dirt. Natural soil, earth, gravel, sand, and loose pieces of broken stone. (S. 10 Factory and manufactory. Any mill, workshop, or other manufacturing or, business establishment, and all buildings, shops, and structures, or other places used therefor or in connection therewith, where one or more persons are employed at labor. (S C §3 ) 11. Fish. Every part of any animal that lives in water or the flesh of which is not meat. (S. C, §6.) , 12 Food. All substances, except drugs, used or intended to be used for human consumption, including meat, fish, vegetables, drink, confections, and condiments, whether simple, mixed, or compound. (New.) 13. Garbage. Swill and every accumulation of both animal and vegetable matter, liquid or otherwise, that attends the preparation, decay, and dealing in, or storage of, meats, fish, fowls, birds, or vegetables. (S. C., §2.) 14. Infectious disease. All diseases of a communicable, contagious, or pestilen- tial nature. (S. C., §5.) 15. Light or lighted. Natural, external light. (S. C., §1.) 16. Lodging-house. Any house or building or portion thereof, in which persons are harbored, or received, or lodged, for hire for a single night, or for less than a week at one time, or any part of which is let for any purpose to sleep in, for any term less than a week. (S. C., §3.) 17. Meat. Every part of any land animal, and eggs (whether mixed or not with any other substance.) (S. C., §6.) 18. Permit. The permission in writing of the board of health, issued according to the provisions of this code, of any statute, or of the regulations of the board of health. (S. C., §1.) 19. Person. Every individual, corporation, firm, and joint stock association. (S. C., §1.) 20. Physician. Every person who holds himself out as being able to diagnose, treat, operate, or prescribe for any human disease, pain, injury, deformity, or physical condition, and who shall either offer or undertake by any means or method, to diagnose, treat, operate, or prescribe for any human disease, pain, injury, deformity, or physical condition. (S. C., §5.) 21. Private market. Every store, cellar, stand, and place (not being a part of a public market), at or in which meat, fish, or vegetables is or are bought, sold, or kept for sale. (S. C, §7.) 22. Public laundry. Any place where articles are laundered for the general public for hire. (New.) 23. Public place. Every street (as hereinafter defined), park, pier, dock and wharf, and every open space therewith connected; all waters within the jurisdiction of the city of New York; every public yard, ground, and area; every space open to the public between a building and the street, between buildings, and between streets; all places of public assemblage, including every place of public worship, amuse- ment, entertainment, or instruction, and every place where an appreciable number of persons gather for any purpose whatever, and every public room or space connected with, and every means of entrance to or exit from, any of the said places; all places and premises where goods, wares, and merchandise are sold or offered for sale, in- cluding all public rooms or places therewith connected ; every railroad car, and every other public vehicle; every railroad depot, station, and platform, and every public room or space connected therewith, and every stairway and other means of entrance thereto or exit therefrom ; every ferryboat and ferry-house, and every public room or space connected with, and every means of entrance to or exit from, such ferry-house. (S. G, §2.) 363 CHAP. 20, ART. 1, SEC. 1. 24. Refuse. Waste material other than rubbish, ashes, or garbage, that attends use or decay and accumulation from the occupancy of buildings or premises. (New.) 25. Report . A report in writing, signed by the person who makes the same and indicating his official position, if any such position be held. (S. C., §1.) 26. Rubbish. Solid waste material, accumulating or resulting from the use or occupancy of buildings or premises, such as paper, straw, excelsior, rags, bottles, old clothes, old shoes, tin cans, and other materials of a similar character. (S. C., §2.) 27. Saloon. Every portion of any building in which the business of selling meals, liquors, drinks, or refreshments of any kind, shall be conducted, including “concert saloons.” (S. C., §4.) 28. Stable. Every building or portion thereof in which any horse, cattle, or other animal shall be kept. 29. Streets. Avenues, public highways, sidewalks, gutters, and public alleys, lanes, and paths. (S. C., §2.) 30. Theatre. The building, room, and place, where any play, concert, opera, circus, trick or jugglery show, gymnastic or other exhibition, masquerade, public dance, or other public gathering, drill, lecture, address, or other form of public entertain- ment, amusement, or instruction are, is, or may be, held, given, furnished, performed, or takes place, and every public room or space connected with, and every means of entrance to or exit from, any such place. (S. C., §4.) 31. Vegetable. Every article used for human consumption as food, other than meat, fish, or milk. (S. C., §6.) 32. Day nursery. A place where more than three children are received, kept, and cared for during the day time. (As amended by the Board of Health June 30, 1915.) 33. Milk. The whole, fresh, clean, lacteal secretion obtained by the complete milking of one or more healthy cows, properly fed and kept, excluding that obtained fifteen days before and five days after calving, or such longer period as may be necessary to render the milk practically colostrum-free. 34. Skimmed-milk is clean, pure, healthy, wholesome and unadulterated milk, from which substantially all milk-fat his been removed. 35.. Cream is that portion of clean, pure, healthy, wholesome and unadulterated milk, rich in milk fat, which rises to the surface of milk on standing or is separated from it by centrifugal force. 36. Condensed milk, evaporated milk or concentrated milk is the product result- ing from the evaporation of a considerable portion of the water from clean, pure, healthy, wholesome and unadulterated milk. 37. Sweetened condensed milk, sweetened evaporated milk, or sweetened con- centrated milk is the product resulting from the evaporation of a considerable portion of water from clean, pure, healthy, wholesome and unadulterated milk, to which sugar (sucrose) has been added. 38. Condensed skimmed-milk, evaporated skimmed-milk, or concentrated skimmed- milk is the product resulting from the evaporation of a considerable portion of water from clean, pure, healthy, wholesome and unadulterated skimmed-milk. 39. Sweetened condensed skimmed-milk, evaporated condensed skimmed-milk, or concentrated condensed skimmed-milk is the product resulting from the evaporation of a considerable portion of water from clean, pure, healthy, wholesome and unadulter- ated skimmed-milk, to which sugar (sucrose) has been added. 40. Dried-milk is the product resulting from the removal of the water from clean, pure, healthy, wholesome and unadulterated milk. 41. Dried-skimmed-milk is the product resulting from the removal of the water from clean, pure, healthy, wholesome and unadulterated skimmed-milk. 42. M odified-niilk is clean, pure, healthy, wholesome and unadulterated milk, 364 SANITARY CODE. which has been changed by the addition of water, sugar-of-milk, or other substance intended to render the milk suitable for infant feeding. 43. Re constituted-milk is a product which is mechanically and exclusively made from milk solids not fat, milk fats containing all the properties of milk fats in milk, and water, in appropriate proportions and having all the recognized characteristics of milk. 44. Re constituted- ere am is a product which is mechanically and exclusively made from milk solids not fat, milk fats containing all the properties of milk fats in milk, and water, in appropriate proportions and having all the recognized character- istics of cream. 45. ' Buttermilk is the product that remains when butter is removed from clean, pure, healthy, wholesome and unadulterated milk or cream in the process of churning. 46. Malted-milk is the product made by combining clean, pure, healthy, whole- some and unadulterated milk with the liquid separated from a mash of ground barley, malt and wheat flour, with or without the addition of sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate, in such manner as to secure the full enzymic action of the malt extract and byi removing water. (Subdivisions 33 to 46, inc., adopted by the Board of Health Nov. 27, 1918.) 47. Pestilential Disease: Shall be deemed to include the conditions and symptoms resulting from the habitual use of the habit-forming drugs, and known as drug addiction. (Adopted by the Board of Health, July 22, 1919.) Section 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 . 7. 8 . 9. 10 . 11 . 12 . 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. ARTICLE 2. Animals. Glanders, farcy, and other contagious diseases ; duty of veterinary surgeon to report. Glanders, farcy, and other contagious diseases ; animals suffering therefrom not to be retained or exposed; destruction authorized. Animals suffering from or exposed to contagious diseases not to be brought into or kept in city. Animal injured or diseased beyond recovery and abandoned, to be destroyed. Animals injured or diseased past recovery, dead, or affected with an infectious or contagious disease to be reported and removed. Dead, sick, or injured animals; interference by unauthorized persons prohibited. Dead, sick, or injured animals; conditions dangerous to life or detri- mental to health prohibited. Dead horses; to be tagged before placing in street. Rabid and vicious animals, department of health to be notified; de- struction authorized; removal regulated. Horses, cattle, swine, sheep, geese, and goats; not to be kept or yarded without a permit. Keeping of cows regulated. Tuberculin test of cows; certificate. Cattle; adequate ventilation, proper food and water, to be provided. Cattle; method of transporting in vehicles restricted. Shelter for homeless animals; site to be approved; conduct thereof regulated. Unmuzzled dogs; not permitted in any public place. Sale of small animals regulated. Live chickens, geese, ducks, and other fowls ; the keeping, killing and sale regulated. 365 CHAP. 20. ART . 2, SECS. 2-7 . Section 20. Keeping of live pigeons regulated. 21. Horses to be tested for glanders. §2. Glanders, farcy, and other contagious diseases; duty of veterinary surgeon to report. Every veterinary surgeon who shall examine or professionally attend any animal in the city of New York affected with glanders, or farcy, or any other contagious disease, shall, immediately upon the discovery of such veterinary surgeon that such animal is thus affected, report in writing to the department of health the location of such diseased animal, the name and address of the owner thereof, and the type and character of the disease. (S. C., §127.) §3. Glanders, farcy, and other contagious diseases; animals suffering there- from not to be retained or exposed; destruction authorized. No person shall keep or retain, or cause or allow to be kept or retained, at any place in the city of New York, any animal affected with glanders or farcy, or any other contagious disease, but shall, immediately upon his or her discovery that such animal is thus affected, report the fact and the location of such animal to the de- partment of health. The sanitary superintendent, an assistant sanitary superintendent, or the director of the bureau of infectious diseases, of the department of health, shall cause every such animal to be promptly isolated or killed, and, if killed, the body thereof to be promptly removed and disposed of, in such manner as he shall designate. (S. C., §125.) §4. Animals suffering from or exposed to contagious diseases not to be brought into or kept in city. No cattle, swine, sheep, horses, dogs, or cats, which are affected with or have been exposed to any disease which is contagious among such animals, shall be brought into or kept in the city of New York. (S. C., §124.) §5. Animal injured or diseased beyond recovery and abandoned, to be de- stroyed. Any animal, in any street or public place within or adjacent to the built-up portion of the city of New York, appearing, in the opinion of any officer or inspector of the department of health (and that of two citizens, requested by such officer or inspector to view, in his presence, the said animal), to be so injured or diseased as to preclude the possibility of such animal thereafter serving in any useful purpose, and not being properly cared for, may, if not removed within one hour after being found in such condition by the said officer or inspector, be destroyed by or according to the direction of the said officer or inspector. (S. C., §129.) §6. Animals injured or diseased past recovery, dead, or affected with an infectious or contagious disease to be reported and removed. Any animal, in any street or public place within or adjacent to the built-up portion or diseased past recovery, or dead, and not killed for or proper for use as food, or affected with an infectious or contagious disease, in the city of New York, shall, immediately upon discovery or learning such fact, notify the department of health thereof, and shall, under the direction of the sanitary superintendent, an assistant sanitary superintendent, or the director of the bureau of infectious diseases of the department of health, or an officer of the police department, remove or cause the re- moval of such animal to such place as such official shall designate. (S. C., §130.) §7. Dead, sSck, or injured animals; interference by unauthorized persons pro- hibited. No person other than a police officer or an inspector or officer of the department of health, or other person authorized by law so to do, shall, in any way interfere with any dead, sick, or injured animal in any street or public place in the city of New York, except that the owner or person having control of such animal may terminate its life 366 SANITARY CODE. in the presence and by the consent of any such officer, inspector, or person. (S. C., §131.) §8. Dead, sick, or injured animals; conditions dangerous to life or detrimental to health prohibited. No person shall leave in or throw into any street or public place, or public water, in the city of New York, or offensively expose or bury, anywhere in the said city, the body (or any part thereof) of any dead, sick, or injured animal; nor shall any person keep any dead animal or any offensive meat, bird, fowl, or fish, in a place where the same may be dangerous to the life or detrimental to the health of any person. (S. C., §128.) §9. Dead horses; to be tagged before placing in street. All dead horses, before being placed in the street, must bear a tag giving the name and address of the owner thereof and the stable from which the horse is removed. (S. C., §126.) §10. Rabid and vicious animals; department of health to be notified; destruc- tion authorized; removal regulated. Every animal that has rabies or that shows symptoms of rabies, and every animal that has been bitten by another animal affected with rabies, or has been otherwise exposed to such disease, shall, by the person owning the same or having possession thereof, be at once confined in some secure place, for such length of time as may be necessary for the purpose of determining whether such disease exists or showing that such exposure has not given such animal said disease, and of avoiding all danger to life or health, and such person shall also, immediately upon discovering or learning any of the aforesaid facts, notify the department of health thereof and of the place where such animal is confined. Every animal which is mad or has rabies shall at once be killed by the owner or person having possession thereof, or by the department of health, and the body of any animal that has died of such disease, or being suspected of such disease has been killed, shall be at once surrendered to the department of health for disposition. Should a dog bite any person, it shall be the duty of the owner, or person having the same in his possession or under his control, to immediately notify said department thereof, and surrender said dog to said department for inspection and observation ; and such dog shall be returned to the person from whom the same shall have been received if found not rabid or vicious, and, if found to be rabid or vicious to such an extent as to be unsafe to be at large, it shall be destroyed by said department. When the police or other person or authorities destroy a dog for any of the causes herein mentioned, it shall be his or their duty to immediately notify the depart- ment of health thereof and of the location of its body, so that the said body may be obtained by the said department; and it shall be unlawful to remove any dog or animal to which the provisions of this section apply, or the body of any such dog or animal, except as herein provided. (S. C., §132.) §11. Horses, cattle, swine, sheep, geese, and goats; not to be kept or yarded without a permit. No horses shall be yarded and no cattle, swine, sheep, geese, or goats, shall be kept or yarded within or adjacent to the built-up portions of the city of New York, without a permit issued therefor by the board of health. (S. C., §73.) §12. Keeping of cows regulated. No cows shall be kept in the city of New York without a permit issued therefor by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of the said permit and with the regulations of said board. (S. C., §72.) 367 CHAP. 20. ART. 2. SECS. 12-19 . §13. Tuberculin test of cows; certificate. No milch cow or cow intended for any purpose other than slaughter, shall be admitted to the city of New York unless accompanied by a certificate stating that the said cow is free from tuberculosis, so far as may be ascertained by physical exami- nation and the application of the tuberculin test. Said certificate shall contain a physical description of the cow sufficiently accurate for the purpose of identification, and must be signed by a legally licensed veterinarian, who shall state the date and place of his registration. The certificate shall also bear a number which must corre- spond with a tag that shall have been securely attached to and be on the ear of the cow. The certificate shall also contain the date of the examination, which examina- tion shall have been made not more than 60 days prior to the time the cow indi- cated therein is brought into the city; it must also contain the place of examina- tion, the temperature of the cow for 10 hours prior to the injection of tuberculin, the name, quality and character of the preparation of tuberculin used, the location of the injection, the quantity injected, and the temperatures from the eighth to the twentieth hours after the injection, or until the reaction is completed. (S. C., §124; amended May 25, 1915, and June 28, 1916.) §14. Cattle; adequate ventilation, proper food and water to be provided. No cattle shall be kept in any place, in the city of New York, where the ventilation is not adequate, and the water and food are not of such quality and in such condition as to properly preserve their health, condition, and wholesomeness for foo.d. (S. C., §71.) §15. Cattle; method of transporting in vehicles restricted. No cattle shall be placed or carried while bound or tied by the legs, or bound down by the neck, in any vehicle in the city of New York, but shall be allowed to freely stand in such vehicle when transported and while being therein. (S. C. §77.) §16. Shelter for homeless animals; site to be approved; conduct thereof regu- lated. No shelter for homeless animals shall hereafter be opened or established in the city of New York unless the site therefor be first approved by the board of health, and no such shelter shall be conducted in said city without a permit therefor issued by the said board or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board. (S. C., §81a.) §17. Unmuzzled dogs; not permitted in any public place. No unmuzzled dog shall be permitted, at any time, to be on any public highway or in any public park or place in the city of New York. (S. G, §80a.) §18. Sale of small animals regulated. No person shall sell or keep for sale at any place in the city of New York any dogs, cats, birds, or other small animals, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board. (S. C., §80.) §19. Live chickens, geese, ducks, and other fowls; the keeping, killing, and sale regulated. No live chickens, geese, ducks, or other fowl, shall be brought into, or kept, held, offered for sale, sold, or killed in, any yard, area, cellar, coop, building, premises public market or other public place, except premises used for farming in unimproved sections of the city, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or other- wise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board. (S. C., §79.) 368 / SANITARY CODE. §20. Keeping of live pigeons regulated. No live pigeons shall be kept within the built-up portion of the city of New York without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accord- ance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board. (S. C., §81.) §21. Horses to be tested for glanders. No horse shall be brought into or kept in the city of New York unless it shall have been tested and found to be free from glanders by a duly licensed veterinarian, in accordance with the regulations of the board of health. (New. Adopted Dec. 28, 1917.) ARTICLE 3. Section 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. Births, Marriages, and Deaths. Births and still births ; parents and every person to report ; physicians and professional midwives to keep register and file written copy. Deaths; duty of physicians and other persons to report; contents of death certificate ; physicians to register with Bureau of Records. Births, still births, marriages, and deaths ; copy of registry to be filed. Marriages; duty of clergymen, magistrates, and other persons per- forming ceremony. Persons who perform the marriage ceremony must register. False certificates, statements, and reports. Dead bodies of human beings; permit to carry or convey required; exception. Dead bodies of human beings ; transit permit required ; conditions under which said permit will be granted. Dead bodies of human beings, not to be retained or exposed. Dead bodies of- human beings, not to be retained unburied. Dead bodies of human beings ; duty of persons discovering such bodies to communicate with department of health. Dead bodies of human beings; interment, cremation, or other dis- position ; permit required. Sextons to register with department of health. Duties of sextons and other persons. Crematories, burying-grounds, cemeteries, tombs and vaults; permit required to establish, to bury, and to open receptacle ; burial of dead body restricted. Business of undertaking regulated ; permit required. §31. Births and still births; parents and every person to report; physicians and professional midwives to keep register and file written copy. It shall be the duty of the parents of any child born alive or dead in the city of New York (and if there be no parent alive that has made such report, then of the next of kin of said child born), and of every person present at such birth or still birth, to file with the department of health, within ten days after such birth and within thirty-six hours after such still birth, a report, in writing, stating, as far as known, the date, borough, street, and street number of said place of birth or still birth, the name, sex, and color of such child born, the name, residence, birthplace and age of the parents, respectively, the occupation of the father and mother, and the maiden name of the mother. It shall also be the duty of physicians and pro- fessional midwives to keep a registry of the several births or still births, in which they have assisted professionally, which shall contain the date of birth or still birth, the borough, street, and street number of premises wherein such birth or still birth took place, the sex and color of the child, and also, as nearly as can be ascertained, 369 CHAP. 20, ART. 3 , SECS. 33-34. the name of the said child, the number of previous children born of the mother, the number now living, the name, residence, birthplace and age of the parents, respectively, the occupation of the father and mother, and the maiden name of the mother; and it shall be the duty of such physicians and professional midwives, also, to file a written copy of the said registry of birth or still birth with the department of health in the borough office of the borough wherein the birth or still birth occurred, within ten days after such birth and within thirty-six hours after such still birth, upon blank forms furnished by the said department. Such physicians and professional mid- wives shall also certify that they assisted professionally at the birth or still birth so reported, and that all the other facts stated in the copy of the said registry are true to the best of their knowledge, information, and belief. (S. O. Sec. 159. Adopted Dec. 28, 1917.) §32. Deaths; duty of physicians and other persons to report; contents of death certificate. Physicians who shall have attended deceased persons in their last illness shall make and preserve a registry of the death of every such person, stating the cause thereof and specifying the date, hour, street, and street number of the premises, of such death, and shall file with the department of health a report, in writing, of the death of every such person, stating, as nearly as can be ascertained, the date of death, the sex, name and surname, age, occupation, term of residence in the city of New York, place of nativity, condition of life, namely, whether single or married, a widow or widower, or divorced, the color, last place of residence, the name and birthplace of the parents, respectively, the maiden name of the mother, and the chief and determin- ing, and the contributory, cause or causes of death, of such person; stating also whether an autopsy has been performed, and, if so, the findings of such autopsy; and the chief medical examiner, the deputy medical examiners, and the assistant medical examiners of the city, shall, in their certificates, conform to the requirements of this section, and, where death shall have resulted from accident, homicide, or suicide, shall specify how, when, and where the injuries causing such death were received. (S. C., §160.) (Adopted Dec. 28, 1917.) (As amended by the Board of Health Dec. 28, 1917.) §33. Births, still births, marriages, and deaths; copy of registry to be filed. It shall be the duty of every person required to make or keep a registry of births, still births, marriages, or deaths, to present to the bureau of records of the department of health a copy of such registry signed by such person, within ten days after the birth or marriage, and within thirty-six hours after the death or still birth, of any person to whom such registry relates, which copy of such registry shall thereupon be placed on file in the said bureau. (S. C, §161.) (Adopted Dec. 28, 1917.) (As amended by the Board of Health Dec. 28, 1917.) §34. Marriages; duty of clergymen, magistrates, and other persons perform- ing ceremony. It shall be the duty of clergymen, magistrates, and other persons who perform the marriage ceremony in the city of New York, to keep a registry of the marriages per- formed by them, respectively, which shall contain the place and date of marriage, the age, color, name and surname, birthplace, and residence, respectively, of the bride and groom, the number of times each has been married, the condition of each, namely, whether single, a widow or widower, or divorced, the occupation of the groom, the maiden name of the bride, if a widow, and the names of the parents and the maiden name of the mother, of each. (S. C, §158.) 370 SANITARY CODE. §35. Persons who perforin the marriage ceremony must register. Every person authorized by law to perform the marriage ceremony shall, before performing any such ceremony in the city of New York, register his or her name and address, and every change of address, in the office of the bureau of records of the department of health. (S. C., §158.) §36. False certificates, statements, and reports. No person shall make, prepare, deliver or issue any false certificate, statement, or report, of a birth, marriage, or death, or any certificate, statement, or report, which is not in accordance with the facts of the birth, marriage, or death. All certificates, statements, and reports, of births, marriages, or deaths, shall be signed by the person purporting to make the same, and no person shall sign or forge the name of another to any such certificate, statement, or report. (S. C., §162.) §37. Dead bodies of human beings; permit to carry or convey required; exception. No captain, agent, or other person, having charge of or attached to any ferry- boat or sailing or other vessel, or any person in charge of any public or private vehicle or conveyance, shall convey or allow to be conveyed, thereon or therein, from, through, into, or within the city of New York, nor shall any person carry or convey, or allow to be carried or conveyed, in any manner, from, through, into, or within the said city, the dead body of any human being, or any part thereof, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of such permit and the regulations of said board ; provided, however, that the same effect shall be given, under this section, to a transit permit issued by boards of health, health officers, registrars, or other duly authorized persons, in any state of the United States whose rules and regulations for the transportation of the dead shall, when such permit is issued, be in material accord with those at the time in force in the city of New York, as though such permit were issued by the board of health of the city of New York. (S. C., §163.) §38. Dead bodies of human beings; transit permit required; conditions under which said permit will be granted. No transit permit shall be granted for the removal, burial, or other disposition of the remains of any person who shall have died in the city of New York unless a cer- tificate of death, prepared upon a form furnished by the department of health and signed as hereinafter provided, shall have been filed in the said department. Such certificate must be signed by a physician upon whom has been conferred the degree of doctor of medicire, or by a physician who has been granted a license after a medical examination conducted by the New York state board of medical exam- iners, the questions for which have been prepared by the board of regents of said state. (S. C., §163a.) §39. Dead bodies of human beings not to be retained or exposed. No person shall retain, expose, or allow to be retained or exposed, the dead body of any human being to the peril or prejudice of the life or health of any person. (S. C, §164.) §40. Dead bodies of human beings not to be retained unburied. No person shall retain unburied the dead body of any human being for a longer period than 4 days after the death of such person, without a permit from the sanitary superintendent, an assistant sanitary superintendent, or the director of the bureau of infectious diseases, which permit shall specify the length of time during which such body may be so retained. (S. C., §165.) 371 CHAP. 20. , ART. 3. SECS. 41-45. §41. Dead bodies of human beings; duty of persons discovering such bodies to communicate with department of health. It shall be the duty of every person who has discovered or seen the body of a dead human being or any part thereof (if there is reason for such person to think that the fact of the death, or the place of such body, or part thereof, is not publicly known), to immediately communicate to the department of health the fact that such person has discovered or seen such body, the place where, and time when, such body was discovered or seen, and (if known) the place where such body is or may be found, and any facts known by which such body may be identified or the cause of death ascertained. (S. C, §166.) §42. Dead bodies of human beings; interment, cremation, or other disposition; permit required. No interment, cremation, or other disposition, of the dead body of any human being, shall be made in the city of New York without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of such permit and the regulations of said board, and the said dead body shall be placed in a metallic or tin-lined box, or a box so constructed as to prevent the issuance of any liquids there- from. No sexton or other person shall assist in, assent to, or allow the interment, cremation, or other disposition of any such body, or aid the preparation of or assist in preparing any grave or place of deposit for any such body, unless a permit shall have been issued, as hereinbefore provided, authorizing such interment, cremation, or other disposition of such body; and it shall be the duty of every person who shall receive any such permit to return such permit to the department of health, in accord- ance with the regulations of the board of health. (S. C., §167.) §43. Sextons; to register with Department of Health. Every person who acts as a sexton in the city of New York, or has the charge or care of any crematory, vault, tomb, burying-ground, or cemetery for the reception of the dead bodies of human beings, or any place wherein the bodies of any human beings are deposited, shall cause his or her name and address, and every change of address, and the character of his or her duties, to be registered with the bureau of records of the department of health. (As amended by the Board of Health, Decem- ber 31, 1919.) §44. Duties of sextons and other persons. Every sexton and other person having charge of any crematory, burying-ground, cemetery, tomb, or vault, in the city of New York, shall, before 12 o’clock on Monday of each week, make a return to the department of health, which return shall set forth a record of the receipt and disposition of each body buried or cremated since the last return, and which said return shall be in such form, and shall specify such additional particulars, as the regulations of the board of health shall require. (S. C., §170.) §45. Crematories, burying=grounds, cemeteries, tombs, and vaults; permit required to establish, to bury, and to open receptacle; burial of dead body restricted. No new crematory, burying-ground, cemetery, tomb, or vault to be used for the reception of dead human bodies shall be established, nor shall any dead body, or the remains thereof, be placed in any existing burying-ground, vault, tomb, or cemetery, in the city of New York, nor shall any grave, vault, tomb, or other receptacle in which there is a human body or any part thereof, be opened, exposed, or disturbed, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accord- ance with the terms of such permit and the regulations of said board, and every body buried in any such place shall be buried to the depth of 6 feet below the surface 372 SANITARY CODE. of the ground, and 4 feet below any closely adjacent street, except that, in the borough of Queens, a body may be buried to the depth of 3 feet below the surface of the ground. (S. C., §168.) §46. Business of undertaking regulated; permit required. No person, firm, or corporation shall carry on or engage in the business or practice of undertaking in the city of New York without a permit therefor, issued by the board of health, or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and the regulations of said board. (The provisions of this section shall take effect Feb- ruary 1, 1920.) (As adopted by the Board of Health, December 31, 1919.) Section 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. ARTICLE 4. Buildings. Joint and several responsibility of owner, lessee, tenant, and occu- pant for existence of nuisance or violation of sanitary code. Inadequate strength, ventilation, light, and sewerage, of buildings, and conditions therein dangerous or prejudicial to life or health, forbidden. Nuisances, conditions dangerous and prejudicial to life or health; duties of owners, tenants, lessees, occupants and persons in charge of buildings and lots. Dwellings ; sanitary conditions ; duties of owner and lessee. Theatres, manufactories, and workrooms; sanitary conditions, light- ing, heating, and ventilation. Lodging-houses, boarding-houses, or manufactories, not to be over- crowded. Schools, gymnasiums, and places of public worship ; duties and responsibilities of persons in charge. Stables; to be maintained in accordance with the regulations of the board of health. Roof and skylights to be kept in good repair. Walls and ceilings to be clean. Water tanks on roofs of buildings; their use regulated. Sleeping in cellars, or in any place dangerous or prejudicial to life or health, prohibited. §51. Joint and several responsibility of owner, lessee, tenant, and occupant for existence of nuisance or violation of sanitary code. The owner, lessee, tenant, and occupant of every building or premises, or of any part thereof, where there shall be a nuisance, or a violation of any section of the sani- tary code, shall be jointly and severally liable therefor, in so far as they, respectively, have the power to prevent or abate such nuisance or prevent such violation, and, to such extent, each of them may be required to abate the nuisance, or comply with the order of the board of health in respect to such building, premises, or part thereof. (S. C, §13.) §52. Inadequate strength, ventilation, light, and sewerage of building, and conditions therein dangerous or prejudicial to life or health, for- bidden. No person, persons, or corporation shall, hereafter, in the city of New* York, erept or cause to be erected, or convert or cause to be converted to a new purpose by alteration, any building or structure, or change or cause to be changed the construction of any part of any building or structure by addition or otherwise, so that it, or any part thereof, shall be inadequate or defective in respect to strength, ventilation, light, 373 CHAP. 20, ART. 4, SECS. 53-55. sewerage, or any other usual, proper, or necessary provision or precaution for the security of life and health; nor shall the builder, owner, lessee, tenant, or occu- pant of any building or structure in the said city cause or allow any matter or thing to be or to be done in or about any such building or structure dangerous or preju- dicial to life or health. (S. C., §16.) §53. Nuisances, conditions dangerous and prejudicial to life or health; duties of owners, tenants, lessees, occupants and persons in charge of build- ings and lots. Every owner, lessee, tenant, occupant or person in charge of any building or premises within or adjacent to the built-up portions of the city of New York shall keep and cause to be kept the sidewalk, flagging and curbstone abutting on said building or premises free from obstructions and nuisances of every kind, and shall sweep and remove or cause to be swept and removed therefrom all garbage, refuse, filth, dirt, and other offensive material and shall keep such sidewalk, flagging, and curbstone free from garbage, refuse, filth, dirt, and other offensive material. Every such sidewalk, flagging, or curbstone shall be spattered with wet sawdust, paper or sand, sprinkled with water, or some other equally effective method or material used, to prevent and avoid the raising of dust when such garbage, refuse, filth, dirt, or other offensive material is swept or removed therefrom. Such garbage, refuse, filth, dirt, and other offensive material removed from the sidewalk, flagging or curbstone may be piled in the gutter or roadway between the hours of six and eight o’clock in the morning, but shall not be put or placed in, or swept, shovelled, thrown, emptied, or deposited into, the gutter or roadway at any other time. No such owner, tenant, lessee, occupant or person in charge shall allow anything in, on, or about such building or premises, or any condition arising or existing therein or thereon, to become a nuisance, or dangerous or prejudicial to life or health. (S. C., §41.) (As amended by the Board of Health, Dec. 28, 1916 and further amended Oct. 30, 1918.) §54. Dwellings; sanitary conditions; duties of owner and lessee. No owner or lessee of any building, or any part thereof, shall lease or let or hire out or allow the same or any part thereof to be occupied by any person, or allow any one to dwell or lodge therein except, when said building or such parts thereof are sufficiently lighted, ventilated, provided, and accommodated, and are in all respects in that condition of cleanliness and wholesomeness for which this code or any law of this state provides, or in which the said code or any such law requires any such premises to be kept. Nor shall any such person, having power to prevent the same, rent, let, hire out, or allow, to be used as or for a place of sleeping or residence, any cellar in any building, or any room of which the floor is damp by reason of water from the ground, or which is impregnated or penetrated by any offensive gas, smell, or exhalation, prejudicial to health. (S. C., §17.) §55. Theatres, manufactories, and workrooms; sanitary conditions, lighting, heating, and ventilation. The owner, agent, lessee, tenant, manager, and person conducting every theatre, auditorium, assembly hall, factory, workroom, store, or office, shall cause every part thereof and its appurtenances to be put, and shall thereafter cause the same to be kept, in a cleanly and sanitary condition, and shall cause every room thereof to be adequately lighted ; shall provide, in each room thereof, proper and sufficient means of ventilation by natural or mechanical means, or both, and maintain proper degrees of temperature and hfimidity in every room thereof ; and shall cause every part of any such place to be provided with such accommodations and safeguards, as not, by reason of the want thereof, or by reason of anything about the condition of such place or its appur- tenances, to cause any unnecessary danger or detriment to the life or health of any person being properly therein or thereat. (S. C., §22.) 374 SANITARY CODE. §56. Lodging=houses, boarding=houses, or manufactories not to be over- crowded. No owner, lessee or keeper of any lodging-house, boarding-house, factory, work- room, store, office, or place of business, shall cause or allow the same to be over- crowded or cause or allow so great a number of persons to dwell, be, or sleep in any such house, or any portion thereof, as thereby to cause any danger or detriment to life or health. (S. C., §19.) §57. Schools, gymnasiums, and places of public worship; duties and responsi- bilities of persons in charge. No master or teacher, or manager of, or in, any school, public or private, or of or in any Sunday-school or gymnasium, or the officer thereof, or officer or manager or person having charge of any place of public worship, shall so far omit or neglect any duty or reasonable care or precaution respecting the safety or health of any scholar, pupil, or attendant, or respecting the temperature, ventilation, clean- liness, or strength, of any church, hall of worship, school house, school-room, or place of practice or exercise connected therewith, or relative to anything appurtenant thereto, so that by reason of such neglect or omission, the life or health of any person shall suffer or incur any avoidable peril or detriment. (S. C., §25.) §58. Stables; to be maintained in accordance with the regulations of the board of health. No stable shall be maintained in the city of New York, without a permit there- for issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the* regulations of said board. The provisions of this sec- tion shall apply to the owner, lessee, tenant, occupant, or person in charge of such stable. (New.) §59. Roofs and skylights to be kept in good repair. The roofs, skylights, walls, and windows of all buildings shall be kept in a con- dition of good repair so that rain water shall not enter the building. (S. G, §24.) §60. Walls and ceilings to be clean. All filthy and dirty walls and ceilings of any building, including the walls and ceil- ings of the cellars thereof, shall be thoroughly cleaned and whitewashed whenever required by the department of health. (S. C, §23.) §61. Water tanks on roofs of buildings; their use regulated. Every tank for holding water located on the roof or external part of a building shall be kept completely covered with a tight-fitting cover. Every tank from which water is furnished for drinking and domestic purposes shall be emptied and the inside thoroughly cleaned at least once a year and at such other times as may be directed by the sanitary superintendent or an assistant sanitary superintendent of the depart- ment of health. (S. C, §62a; as amended Dec. 21, 1915.) §62. Sleeping in cellars or in any place dangerous or prejudicial to life or health prohibited. No person, having the right and power to prevent the same, shall knowingly cause or permit any person to sleep or remain in any cellar, in any bathroom, in any room where there is a water-closet, or in any place dangerous or prejudicial to life or health, by reason of the want of ventilation or drainage, or by reason of the presence of any poisonous, noxious, or offensive odor or substance, or otherwise. (S. C, §18.) • if:! 1 375 CHAP. 20. ART. 5. SECS. 71-75. ARTICLE 5. Section 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. Cold Storage. The term “food” defined. Cold storage food to be marked. Time that cold storage food may be kept. Food when once released for the purpose of placing same on the market for sale not to be returned to cold storage. Food kept in cold storage not to be sold without representing the fact of such storage. §71. The term “ food ” defined. The term food as used in this article shall include any article, except nuts, fruits, cheese and vegetables, used for food by man or animal and every ingredient of such article. (New.) §72. Cold storage food to be marked. It shall hereafter be unlawful for any person or persons, corporation or corpora- tions, engaged in the business of cold storage warehousemen or in the business of refrigerating, to receive any kind of food unless the said food is in an apparently pure and wholesome condition, and the food or the package containing the same is branded, stamped or marked, in some conspicuous place, with the day, month and year when the same is received in storage or refrigeration. It shall be unlawful for any person or persons, corporation or corporations, engaged in the business of cold storage warehousemen or in the business of re- frigerating, to permit any article of any kind whatsoever used for food in the possession of any person or persons, corporation or corporations, engaged in the business of cold storage warehousemen or refrigerating, to be taken from their possession without first having branded, stamped or marked on said food stuffs or the package containing same, in a conspicuous place, the day, month and year when said food stuffs or package was removed from cold storage or refrigeration. It shall also be unlawful for any person or persons, corporation or corporations, to offer for storage in a cold storage warehouse or to place in storage in a cold storage warehouse any article of food unless the same is in an apparently pure and wholesome condition. (New.) §73. Time that cold storage food may be kept. It shall hereafter be unlawful for any person, corporation or corporations, engaged in the business of cold storage warehousemen or refrigerating, or for any person or corporation placing food in a cold storage warehouse, to keep in storage for preserva- tion or otherwise any kind of food or any article used for food a longer period than twelve calendar months. (As amended by the Board of Health Dec. 31, 1918.) §74. Food when once released for the purpose of placing same on market for sale not to be returned to cold storage. When food has been in cold storage or refrigeration and is released therefrom, for the purpose of placing the same on the market for sale, it shall be a violation of the provisions of this article to again place such food in cold storage or refrigera- tion. (New.) §75. Food kept in cold storage not to be sold without representing the fact of such storage. It shall be a violation of the provisions of this article to sell any article or articles of food that have been kept in cold storage or refrigeration, without representing the same to have been so kept. (New.) 376 SANITARY CODE. ARTICLE 6. Medical Examiners. Section 80. Duties of medical examiners. §80. Duties of medical examiners. The chief medical examiner, the deputy medical examiners and the assistant medi- cal examiners shall transmit and cause to be delivered to the department of health within two hours after viewing the dead body of any person who has died from any infectious disease the following facts so far as known or reported to such chief medi- cal examiner, deputy medical examiners, and assistant medical examiners : the name of the deceased; the place of death, giving the street and street number or such other particulars as will identify said place of death; the location of the body; the cause of death; the date and time of death; the name or names of physician or physicians, if any, attending the deceased in his or her last illness; the occupation of deceased; the place of employment; the place to which body has been removed, if removal permit has been issued; and if autopsy was performed, the findings thereof. (S. C. Sec. 171.) (As amended by the Board of Health Dec. 31, 1917.) Section 86. 87. 88 . 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100 . 101 . 102 . 103. 104. 105. 106. ARTICLE 7. Diseases. Duty of persons in charge of hospitals, and of physicians, to report infectious diseases. Duty of every person to report persons affected with infectious disease. Duty of superintendents of hospitals and dispensaries, and of phy- sicians, to report cases of venereal disease. Isolation and quarantine of persons affected with infectious diseases. Duty of physicians to report deaths from infectious diseases. Puerperal septicaemia and suppurative conjunctivitis; duty of officers of schools, dispensaries, and other institutions, and of physicians, to report. Occupational diseases and injuries; duty of officers of hospitals, public institutions, and dispensaries, and of physicians, to report. Group of cases of food poisoning; duty of officers of hospitals, and of physicians, to report. Exclusion of children from schools. Exclusion of teachers and instructors affected with certain diseases. Isolation of persons affected with infectious diseases in institutions. Removal of persons affected with any infectious disease authorized. Removal of persons affected with an infectious disease regulated. Persons having an infectious disease, not to engage in manufacturing in tenement houses. Acts tending to promote spread of disease prohibited. Disinfection and renovation of premises, furniture and belongings. Duties of undertakers. Public or church funerals prohibited where death has been caused by certain diseases. Cyanide used for fumingating purposes regulated. Diagnostic laboratories regulated. Wood alcohol poisoning to be reported. 377 CHAP. 20. ART. 7, SECS. 86-88. §86. Duty of persons in charge of hospitals, and of physicians, to report infectious diseases. It shall be the duty of the manager or managers, superintendent, or person in charge of every hospital, institution, or dispensary, in the city of New York, to report to the department of health in writing the full name, age, and address of every occu- pant or inmate thereof or person treated therein, affected with any one of the infectious diseases included in the following list, with the name of the disease, within twenty- four hours after the time when the case is diagnosed, and it shall be the duty of every physician in the said city to make a similar report to the said department within the same period relative to any person found by such physician to be affected with any one of the said infectious diseases, stating, in each instance, the name of the disease: acute anterior poliomyelitis (infantile paralysis), anthrax, Asiatic cholera, diphtheria (croup), dysentery (epidemic), epidemic cerebro-spinal meningitis, glanders, suppura- tive conjunctivitis, hook-worm disease, leprosy, malarial fever, measles, mumps, paratyphoid fever, plague, pulmonary tuberculosis, acute lobar pneumonia, bronchial or lobular pneumonia, influenza, rabies, rubello (German measles, rotheln), scarlet fever, epidemic septic sore throat, smallpox, tetanus, trachoma, trichinosis, tuberculous meningitis, typhoid fever, typhus fever, varicella (chicken-pox), whooping-cough, and yellow fever. Provided, that if the disease is typhoid fever, scarlet fever, diphtheria, epidemic dysentery, or epidemic septic sore throat, every such report shall also show whether the patient has been, or any member of the household in which the patient resides is, engaged or employed in the handling of milk, cream, butter, or other dairy products for sale or preliminary to sale. (§133.) (As amended by the Board of Health, Sept. 17, 1918.) §87. Duty of every person to report persons affected with an infectious disease. When no physician is in attendance, it shall be the duty of every person having knowledge of any person affected with any disease apparently or presumably infectious to at once report to the department of health all facts in relation to the illness and physical condition of any such person. (S. C., §136.) §88. Duty of superintendents of hospitals and dispensaries, and of physicians, to report cases of venereal disease. It shall be the duty of the manager, superintendent or person in charge of any correctional institution and of every public or private hospital, dispensary, clinic, asylum or charitable institution in the city of New York to report promptly to the department of health the name or initials, together with the sex, age, marital state and address, of every occupant or inmate thereof or person treated therein affected with syphilis or gonorrhea; and it shall also be the duty of every physician in the said city to promptly make a similar report to the department of health relative to any person found by such physician to be affected with syphilis or gonorrhea. All reports made in accordance with the provisions of this section and all records of clinical or laboratory examinations indicating the presence of syphilis or gonor- ihea shall be regarded as confidential- and shall not be open to inspection by the public or by any person other than the official custodian of such reports or records in the department of health, the commissioner of health and such other persons as may be authorized by law to inspect such reports or records, nor shall the cus- todian of any such report or record, the said commissioner of health or any such other person divulge any part of any such report or record so as to disclose the identity of the person to whom it relates. It shall be the duty of every physician to furnish and deliver to every person found by such physician to be affected with syphilis or gonorrhea a circular of in- 378 SANITARY CODE. struction and advice issued or approved by the department of health of the city of New York and to instruct such person as to the precautions to be taken in order to prevent the communication of the disease to others. No person affected with syphilis or gonorrhea shall, by a negligent act, cause, contribute to or promote the spread of such diseases. (As amended by the Board of Health, June 28, 1917.) §89. Isolation and quarantine of persons affected with infectious diseases. It shall be the duty of every physician, immediately upon discovering a person affected with an infectious disease, to secure such isolation and quarantine of such person, or to take such other action as is or may be required by the regulations of the department of health. (As amended by the Board of Health, Jan. 30, 1917.) §90. Duty of physicians to report deaths from infectious diseases. It shall be the duty of every physician to report forthwith, in writing, to the de- partment of health, the death of every person who dies from, or while suffering with, any infectious disease, and to state in such report the specific name and type of such disease. (S. C., §135.) §91. Puerperal septicaemia and suppurative conjunctivitis; duty of officers of schools, dispensaries, and other institutions, and of physicians, to report. It shall be the duty of the manager or managers, superintendent, or person in charge of every sanitarium, day nursery, convalescent home, home for children, re- formatory, training school, boarding school, hospital, dispensary, or other institution for the care or treatment of persons, in the city of New York, to immediately report, or cause to be immediately reported, in writing, to the department of health, the name, age (so far as can be ascertained), and residence of every person received therein or treated thereat who is affected with puerperal septicaemia or suppurative conjuncti- vitis, with the name of the disease with which such person is affected, and it shall be the duty of every physician in the said city to immediately make, or cause to be imme- diately made, a similar written report to the said department relative to any person found by such physician to be so affected, stating, in each instance, the name of the disease with which said person is affected. Every such manager, physician, and officer shall also report, in writing, the name and address of the physician or mid- wife in attendance at the time of the onset of the disease, which information it is hereby made the duty of every institution herein specified to obtain and record among its records. (S. C., §144.) (As amended by the Board of Health July 23, 1918.) §92. Occupational diseases and injuries; duty of officers of hospitals, public institutions, and dispensaries, and of physicians, to report. It shall be the duty of the manager or managers, superintendent, or person in charge of every hospital, institution, or dispensary, in the city of New York, to report to the department of health, in writing, the full name, age, and address of every occu- pant or inmate thereof or person treated therein, affected with any one of the occu- pational diseases included in the list appended, with the name of the disease, within 24 hours after the time when the case is diagnosed and it shall be the duty of every physician to make a similar report to the said department within the said period relative to any person found by such physician to be affected with any one of the said occupational diseases, stating, in each instance, the name of the disease : Arsenic poisoning, bisulphide of carbon poisoning, brass poisoning, caisson disease (compressed-air illness), carbon monoxide poisoning, dinitrobenzine poisoning, lead poisoning, mercury poisoning, methyl alcohol or wood naphtha poisoning, natural gas poisoning, phosphorus poisoning (S. G, §134.) 379 CHAP. 20, ART. 7, SECS. 93-98. §93. Group of cases of food poisoning; duty of officers of hospitals, and of physicians, to report. It shall be the duty of every physician, and of the manager, superintendent, or other person in charge of any hospital, dispensary, or other institution, having knowl- edge of the occurrence of a number or group of cases of severe or fatal illness, which appear to be due to the consumption of spoiled or poisonous articles of food to imme- diately report the same to the department of health. §94. Exclusion of children from schools. No principal or superintendent of any school, and no parent, master, or custodian of any child or minor (having the power and authority to prevent) shall permit any child or minor having acute poliomyelitis (infantile paralysis), chicken-pox, diph- theria (croup), epidemic cerebro-spinal meningitis, measles, mumps, pulmonary tuber- culosis (if in a communicable form), rubella (German measles, rotheln), scarlet fever, smallpox, or whooping cough, or any child or minor in any family, or living with any family, in which any such disease exists or has recently existed, to attend any public, private, or parochial school until the department of health shall have given its permis- sion therefor, nor shall any such principal, superintendent, parent, master, or custodian permit any child or minor to be unnecessarily exposed, or to needlessly expose any other person, to any infectious disease or to any infective person or agent' (S. C., §145.) §95. Exclusion of teachers and instructors affected with certain diseases. No person affected with pulmonary tuberculosis (if in a communicable form) or with any other disease mentioned in §94 of the sanitary code shall be employed as teacher or instructor in any public, private, or parochial school, or permitted to teach or instruct therein, unless the written permission therefor shall have been ob- tained from the department of health. §96. Isolation of persons affected with infectious diseases in institutions. It shall be the duty of the manager or managers, superintendent, or person in charge of every sanatorium, sanitarium, day nursery, convalescent home, home for children, reformatory, training school, boarding school, hospital, dispensary, or other institution for the care or treatment of persons, in the city of New York, to provide and maintain a suitable room or rooms for the isolation of persons affected with such infectious diseases as the regulations of the department of health may from time to time designate as being subject to the provisions of this section, and such persons shall immediately be isolated in such room or rooms. (S. C., §140.) §97. Removal of persons affected with any infectious disease authorized. Whenever an inspector of the department of health shall report in writing that any person affected with any infectious disease, under such circumstances that the continuance of such person in the place where he or she may be is dangerous to the lives or health of other persons residing in the neighborhood, the sanitary superin- tendent, an assistant sanitary superintendent, or the director of the bureau of infectious diseases, of the said department, upon the report of a medical inspector of the saifcl department may cause the removal of such person to a hospital designated by the board of health. (S. C, §189.) §98. Removal of persons affected with an infectious disease regulated. No person shall, in the city of New York, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health, carry, move, or cause to be carried or moved, in any manner whatso- ever, through any public street or place any person affected with an infectious dis- ease, or any article which has been exposed to such disease; nor shall any person remove or cause to be removed, in the city of New York, any such person or article 380 SANITARY CODE. from any building or vessel to any other building or vessel, or to the shore, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health. (S. C., §143.) §99. Persons having an infectious disease not to engage in manufacturing in tenement houses. Unless permission therefor shall have been obtained from the department of health, no person affected with any infectious disease, or who is exposed to any infectious disease, shall, in any tenement house or in any part thereof, engage in the manufacture, altering, repairing, or finishing of any article whatsoever, except for the sole and exclu- sive use of the person so engaged. Whenever required by the sanitary superintendent, an assistant sanitary super- intendent, or the director of the bureau of infectious diseases, of the department of health, any person engaged in the manufacture, altering, repairing, or finishing of any article whatsoever, except for the sole and exclusive use of the person so engaged, shall submit to a physical examination by a medical inspector of the said department. §100. Acts tending to promote spread of disease prohibited. No person shall by any exposure of any individual sick of any infectious disease, or of the body of such person, or by any negligent act connected therewith, or in respect of the care or custody thereof, or by a needless exposure of himself, cause, contribute to, or promote, the spread of disease from any such person, or from any dead body. (S. G, §143.) §101. Disinfection and renovation of premises, furniture, and belongings. Adequate disinfection or cleansing and renovation oi premises, furniture, and belongings, deemed by the department of health to be infected by any contagious, infectious or communicable disease, shall immediately follow the recovery, death, or removal of the person suffering from such disease, and such disinfection or cleansing and renovation shall be performed by the owner of said premises. (S. C., §146.) §102. Duties of undertakers. It shall be the duty of every undertaker having notice of the death of any person within the city of New York of acute cerebro-spinal meningitis, acute poliomyelitis (infantile paralysis), Asiatic cholera, diphtheria (croup), plague, scarlet fever, small- pox, or typhus fever, or of the bringing of the dead body of any person who has died c/f any such disease into the said city, to give immediate notice thereof to the depart- ment of health. No person shall retain or expose, or assist in the retention or exposure of, the dead body of any such person except in a coffin or casket properly sealed; nor shall any person allow any such body to be placed in any coffin or casket unless the body shall have been wrapped in a sheet saturated with a proper disinfecting solution, and the coffin or casket shall then be immediately and permanently sealed. No under- taker shall assist in the public or church funeral of any such person. No undertaker shall use, or cause or allow to be used, at any funeral or in any room where the dead body of any such person shall be, any draperies, decorations, rugs, or carpets, belong- ing to or furnished by him or under his direction. (S. C., §141.) §103. Public or church funerals prohibited where death has been caused by certain diseases. A public or church funeral shall not be held of any person who has died of acute poliomyelitis (infantile paralysis), Asiatic cholera, diphtheria (croup), epidemic cerebro- spinal meningitis, measles, plague, scarlet fever, smallpox, typhus fever, or yellow fever, but the funeral cvf such person shall be private, and it shall not be lawful to invite to, or permit at, the funeral of any person who has died of any one of the above diseases, or invite to or permit at any services connected therewith, any person whose attendance is not necessary, or from or to whom there is danger of contagion thereby. (S. C., §142.) 381 CHAP. 20, ART. 7, 8, SECS. 104-116. §104. Cyanide used for fumigating purposes regulated. No person shall use, or cause to be used, any hydrocyanic acid, cyanogen, or cyan- ide gas fof the purpose of fumigating any building, vessel, or other enclosed space in the city of New York without a permit issued therefor by the board of health, or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit, or the regulations of said board. (Added Apr. 25, 1916.) §105. Diagnostic laboratories regulated. No laboratory offering facilities for the diagnosis of communicable diseases shall be conducted or maintained in the city of New York without a permit therefor issued by the Board of Health or otherwise than in accordance with the regulations of the said board. (As adopted by the Board of Health, June 28, 1917.) §106. Wood alcohol poisoning to be reported. It shall be the duty of the manager or managers, superintendent, or person in charge of every hospital, institution, or dispensary in the city of New York to report immediately to the Department of Health the name, age, and address of every occupant or inmate thereof, or person treated therein, affected with wood alcohol or wood naphtha poisoning; and it shall also be the duty of every physician in said city to make immediately a similar report to the Department of Health relative to any person found by such physician to be affected with wood alcohol or wood naphtha poisoning. (As adopted by the Board of Health, December 31, 1919.) Section 116. 117. 118. 119. 120 . 121 . 122 . 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. ARTICLE 8. Drugs and Medicines. Drugs ; manufacture and sale regulated ; the terms “drugs,” “adul- terated”, and “misbranded” defined. Regulating the sale of proprietary and patent medicines. Drugs, medicines, decoctions, and drinks; fraudulent distribution prohibited. Proprietary medicines; distribution of samples regulated. The use of living bacterial and other micro-organisms. Free distribution of vaccine antitoxin, serum and cultures regulated. Poison; sale and distribution regulated. Carbolic acid; sale regulated. Wood naphtha, otherwise known as wood alcohol or methyl alcohol j sale and distribution regulated. Bichloride of mercury; sale regulated. Habit forming drugs; sale and distribution regulated. Habit forming drugs; disposing of confiscated. Hair dyes and other toilet preparations ; sale and distribution regu- lated. Condemnation and destruction of drugs authorized. Medicated alcohol; sale and distribution regulated. Denatured alcohol ; sale and distribution regulated. §116. Drugs; manufacture and sale regulated; the terms “drugs”, “adulter- ated ”, and “ misbranded ” defined. No person shall manufacture or ..produce, or have, sell or offer for sale, in the city of New York, any drug which is adulterated or misbranded. The term drug as herein used shall include all medicines for external or internal use, or both. Drugs as herein defined shall be deemed adulterated : (1) If, when sold by or under a name recognized in the United States Pharma- copoeia or National Formulary, it differs from the standard of strength, quality, or 382 SANITARY CODE. purity, as stated in the United States Pharmacopoeia or National Formulary at the time of investigation. (2) If its strength or purity falls, below or its strength is in excess of, the pro- fessed standard under which it is sold. A drug shall be deemed misbranded: (a) If it is an imitation or offered for sale under the distinctive name of another article. (b) If the contents of the package as originally put up shall have been removed, in whole or in part, and other contents shall have been placed in such package, or if the package fails to bear a statement, on the label thereof, of the quantity or propor- tion of any alcohol, morphine, opium, cocaine, heroin, alpha or beta eucaine, chloro- form, canabis indica, chloral hydrate, or acetanilid, or any derivative or preparation of any such substances, contained therein. (c) If the package or label bear or contain any statement, design, or device, regard- ing the drug or its ingredients, or regarding its or their action on diseased conditions, which statement, design, or device shall be false or misleading in any particular. (d) If a box, bottle, or package, containing virus, therapeutic serum, toxin, anti- toxic or analogous product, fails to bear on the outside thereof, conspicuously, clearly, and legibly set forth, in English, the proper name of the substance therein contained, the name and address of the person, persons, firm, or corporation by whom or by which the said substance has been prepared, the date beyond which the said substance cannot be reasonably expected to produce the result or results for which it has been prepared, and (if such license shall have been obtained) the United States license number of the establishment in which the said substance has been prepared ; and, in the case of diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin, if the box, bottle, or package con- taining such antitoxin shall fail to bear on the outside hereof conspicuously, clearly, and legibly set forth, in English, the value of the contents thereof as an antitoxin, which value shall be measured according to and stated in the terms of some generally recognized standard. (As amended by the Board of Health October 26, 1915; February 25, 1920, and fur- ther amended December 29, 1920.) §117. Regulating the sale of proprietary and patent medicines. It shall be the duty of every manufacturer or proprietor of proprietary or patent medicines manufactured, prepared, or intended for external or internal human use, before offering any such medicine for sale in the city of New York, to register the same with, and procure a certificate of registration from the department of health in accordance with the regulations of the Board of Health. On and after April 1, 1921, no proprietary or patent medicine manufactured, pre- pared or intended for internal or external human use, shall be held, offered for sale, sold, or given away, in the city of New York, unless such medicine shall have been registered with the Department of Health in accordance with the regulations of the Board of Health, nor shall any such medicine be held, offered for sale, sold, or given away, in said city, contrary to the regulations of the Board of Health. The expression “ proprietary or patent medicine,” for the purposes of this section, shall be taken to mean and include every medicine or medicinal compound, manu- factured, prepared, or intended for external or internal human use, the name, compo- sition, or definition of which is not to be found in the United States Pharmacopoeia or National Formulary, or which does not bear the names of all of the ingredients to which the therapeutic effects claimed are attributed and the names of all other ingredi- ents except such as are physiologically inactive, conspicuously, clearly, and legibly set 383 CHAP. 20, ART. 8, SECS. 118-120. forth in English, on the outside of each bottle, box, or package in which the said medicine or medicinal compound is held, offered for sale, sold, or given away. The provisions of this section shall not, however, apply to any medicine or medi- cinal compound, prepared or compounded upon the written prescription of a duly licensed physician, provided that such prescription be written for a specific person and not for general use, and that such medicine or medicinal compound be sold or given away to or for the use of the person for which it shall have been prescribed and prepared or compounded ; and provided, also, that the said prescription shall have been filed at the establishment or place where such medicine or medicinal com- pound is sold or given away, in chronological order according to the date of the receipt of such prescription at such establishment or place. Every such prescription shall remain so filed for a period of five years. All information relating to or connected with the registration of any patent or proprietary medicine, registered in accordance with the provisions of this section, shall be regarded as confidential, and shall not be open to inspection by the public or any person other than the official custodian of such records, and those duly authorized to prosecute or enforce the Federal Statutes, the Laws of the State of New York, both criminal and civil, and the Ordinances of the City of New York, but only for the purpose of such prosecution or enforcement. Provided, however, the provisions of this section relating to registration shall not apply to stores of merchandise in the hands of druggists or other dealers on February 25, 1919, nor to proprietary or patent medicines registered in the Department of Health in accordance with the provisions of Section 117 of the Sanitary Code as adopted by the Board of Health on December 31, 1914, and as amended by said Board on October 26, 1915, and as further amended by said Board on February 25, 1919. This section shall take effect January 3, 1921. (As amended by the Board of Health, December 29, 1920.) §118. Drugs, medicines, decoctions, and drinks; fraudulent representation prohibited. No person shall make, prepare, put up, administer, or dispense any prescription, decoction, or medicine, under any false or misleading name, direction, or pretense; nor shall any ingredient be substituted for another in any prescription, nor shall any false or misleading representation be made by any person to any other, as to the kind, quality, purpose, or effect of any drug, medicine, decoction, drink, or other substance, offered or intended to be taken as food or medicine. (S. C., §65.) §119. Proprietary medicines; distributions of samples regulated. No person shall, in the city of New York, distribute, free of charge, or throw away any nostrum, proprietary medicine, or other substance of an alleged medicinal or curative character, intended for internal human use, in any street or public place, or from door to door, or by depositing the same upon private premises. The provisions of this section shall not, however, apply to the distribution by manu- facturers or wholesale dealers of samples of any such substance to physicians or to the trade. §120. The use of living and other micro=bacterial organisms. The use of living bacterial organisms in the inoculation of human beings for the prevention or treatment of disease and the sale or distribution of any preparation containing living micro-organisms, capable of causing infection in man or animals, are prohibited until full and complete data regarding the method of use, including a specimen of the culture and other agents employed therewith, and a full account of the details of preparation, dosage, and administration shall have been submitted to the board of health of the city of New York, and permission shall have been granted 384 SANITARY CODE. in writing by the said board for such use, sale or distribution. (S. C., §148a; as amended Dec. 21, 1915.) §121. Free distribution of vaccine, antitoxin, serum and cultures regulated. Any duly licensed physician who shall find it necessary to administer any vaccine, antitoxin, serum, or culture to a patient too poor, or dependent upon another or others too poor to pay for such vaccine, antitoxin, serum, or culture, may receive, free of charge, the requisite quantity thereof upon application to the department of health or any of its duly authorized agents, provided that such physician shall sign a stipulation to the effect that he or she, as the case may be, will not exact or receive from such patient any pay for such vaccine, antitoxin, serum, or culture. Any such physician, however, who shall exact or receive such pay after having si'gned such stipulation shall be deemed to have violated the provisions of this section. Every such stipulation shall be filed in the department of health. §122. Poison; sale and distribution regulated. No person shall sell at retail or give away any poison without affixing or causing to be affixed to the bottle, box, package, parcel, or receptacle, containing such poison, a label upon which shall be printed in red ink, in plain legible characters, the name of the substance or article, the word “POISON,” the name and place of business of the seller, or donor, if the poison be given away, a skull and crossbones, the word “CAUTION,” the maximum dose of the poison, and the antidote therefor. The provisions of this section shall not apply to medicinal compounds containing poisonous drugs in therapeutic doses when the maximum dose of such preparation is marked upon the container. (S. C., §66.) §123. Carbolic acid; sale regulated. No phenol, commonly known as carbolic acid, shall be sold at retail by any person in the city of New York, except upon the written prescription of a duly licensed physician, when in a stronger solution than 5 per cent. (S. C-, §67.) §124. Wood naphtha, otherwise known as wood alcohol or methyl alcohol; sale and distribution regulated. No person shall sell, offer for sale, give away, deal in, or supply, or have in his or her possession with intent to sell, offer for sale, give away, deal in, or supply, any article of food or drink or any medicinal or toilet preparation, intended for human use internally or externally, which contains any wood naphtha, otherwise known as wood alcohol or methyl alcohol, either crude or refined, whatever may be the name or trade mark under or by which the said wood naphtha shall be called or known. No person shall sell, offer for sale, give away, deal in, or supply, or have in his or her possession with intent to sell, offer for sale, give away, deal in, or supply, any wood naphtha, otherwise known as wood alcohol, or methyl alcohol, either crude or refined, whatever may be the name or trade mark under or by which the said wood naphtha shall be called or known, unless the container in which the same is sold, offered for sale, given away, dealt in, or supplied, shall bear a notice containing the following device and words conspicuously printed or stenciled thereon, viz. : (Skull and crossbones represented.) POISON. WOOD NAPHTHA OR WOOD ALCOHOL. WARNING — It is unlawful to use this fluid in any article of food, beverage, or medicinal or toilet preparation, intended for internal or external human use. (S. C., §66a.) 385 CHAP. 20, ART. 8, SECS. 125-129. §125. Bichloride of mercury; sale regulated. No person shall sell or offer for sale, at retail, bichloride of mercury, other- wise known as corrosive sublimate, in the dry form, except upon the written pre- scription of a duly licensed physician or veterinary surgeon, and, then, only in tablets of a particularly distinctive form and color, labeled “POISON” upon each tablet, and dispensed in sealed glass containers conspicuously labeled with the word “POISON” in red letters. This section shall not apply to any preparation containing one-tenth of a grain or less of bichloride of mercury. (S. C., §67a.) §126. Habit=forming drugs; sale and distribution regulated. No opium, morphine, chloral, or cannabis indica, or any other substance giving a physiological reaction similar to that of opium ; or any salts, algaloids, or derivatives, of any of the said drugs or substances ; or any preparation, compound, or mixture, containing any of the said drugs or substances or their salts, alkaloids, or derivatives ; shall be sold at retail or given away in the city of New York except upon the written prescription of a duly licensed physician, veterinarian, or dentist. The foregoing provisions shall not, however, apply to preparations, compounds, or mixtures, containing any of the aforesaid drugs or substances or their salts, alkaloids, or derivatives, prepared for external use only, in the form of liniments, ointments, oleates, or plasters. (S. C, §182.) §127. Habit forming drugs; disposing of confiscated. All cocaine, eucain, and other drugs and substances embraced within the scope of §1746 of the Penal Law and all chloral, opium, morphine, heroin, codein, and other drugs and substances embraced within the scope of Article 11a of the Public Health Law, of which the police department shall have taken possession pursuant to the provisions of said §1746 of the Penal Law or said Article 11a of the Public Health Law, shall, when no longer required for the purposes of prosecution or held pursuant to an order of the court, be turned over to the department of health, and shall be destroyed or otherwise disposed of by the said department as the board of health shall direct. (Added Aug. 24, 1915.) §128. Hair dyes and other toilet preparations; sale and distribution regulated. No person shall sell, offer for sale, give away, deal in, or supply, or have in his or her possession with intent to sell, offer for sale, give away, deal in, or supply, any hair dye or other toilet preparation, intended for human use, which, by reason of the presence of any ingredient or ingredients therein contained, shall be detri- mental or injurious to health. (Added Dec. 21, 1915.) §129. Condemnation and destruction of drugs authorized. Upon any drug or medicine being found by an inspector or other duly author- ized representative of the department of health in a condition which renders it, in his opinion, unfit for human use, externally or internally, or in a condition or of a weight, quality, or strength, forbidden by the provisions of the Sanitary Code, such inspector or duly authorized representative of the said department is hereby empowered and directed to immediately seize the said drug or medicine and affix thereto a label bearing the words “Seized by the Board of Health.” Such drug or medicine when sc labelled shall not be touched, disturbed, sold, offered for sale, or given away, but shall be released, destroyed, or otherwise finally disposed of, as the board of health shall direct. (As adopted by the Board of Health Dec. 28, 1916.) 386 SANITARY CODE. §130. Medicated alcohol; sale and distribution regulated. No person shall sell, offer for sale, give away, deal in, or supply, any article of food, drug, drink or medicine, intended for internal human use, which contains any medicated alcohol, whatever may be the name or trade mark under or by which the said medicated alcohol shall be called or known. No person shall sell, offer for sale, give away, deal in, or supply, or have in his or her possession with intent to sell, offer for sale, give away, deal in, or supply, any medicated alcohol, whatever may be the name or trade mark under or by which the said medicated alcohol shall be called or known, unless the container in which the same is sold, offered for sale, given away, dealt in, or supplied, shall bear a notice containing the following device and words conspicuously printed or stenciled thereon, viz. : POISON. MEDICATED ALCOHOL. Warning. — It is unlawful to use this fluid in any article of food, drug, drink, or medicine, intended for internal human use. The term “ medicated alcohol ” as herein used, shall be taken to mean and include ethyl (grain) alcohol to which has been added some material which renders it unfit for internal human use. (As adopted by the Board of Health, September 30, 1920.) §131. Denatured alcohol; sale and distribution regulated. No person shall sell, offer for sale, give away, deal in, or supply, any article of food, drug, drink or medicine, intended for external or internal human use, which contains any denatured alcohol, whatever may be the name or trade mark under or by which the said denatured alcohol shall be called or known. No person shall sell, offer for sale, give away, deal in, or supply, or have in his or her possession with intent to sell, offer for sale, give away, deal in, or supply, any denatured alcohol, whatever may be the name or trade mark or by which the said denatured alcohol shall be called or known, unless the container in which the same is sold, offered for sale, given away, dealt in, or supplied, shall bear a notice containing the following device and words conspicuously printed or stenciled thereon, viz. : POISON. DENATURED ALCOHOL. Warning. — It is unlawful to use this fluid in any article of food, drug, drink, or medicine, intended for external or internal human use. The term “ denatured alcohol ” as herein used, shall be taken to mean and include ethyl (grain) alcohol to which has been added some material which renders it unfit for external or internal human use. (As adopted by the Board of Health, September 30, 1920.) 387 CHAP. 20 , ART. 9. Section 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164 . ARTICLE 9. Food and Drink. Inspection of food and other substances authorized. Condemnation and destruction of animals and foods authorized. Possession of food or drugs, prima facie, deemed to be held for sale. Food; sale of adulterated or misbranded prohibited; the terms “food,.” “adulterated,” and “misbranded” defined. Food and drink; not to be sold under a false name or quality. Poisonous, deleterious, and unwholesome substances ; use as food prohibited. Food; to be protected from dust, dirt, flies, or other contamination. Eating and drinking utensils; use in common prohibited; the term “public place” and “factory” defined. Cooking, eating, and drinking utensils to be properly cleansed after being used. Beverages and drinks ; the use of taps, faucets, tanks, fountains, and vessels regulated. Employment of persons affected with infectious or venereal diseases prohibited. Room, factory, stall, place, and appurtenances to be kept in a cleanly and wholesome condition ; food, drugs and drink to be clean and personal responsibility of owner, lessee, occupant, or person in charge. Manufacture and storage of food and drink regulated. Conduct and maintenance of restaurants regulated ; permit required. The care and sale of food and drink in sto'res regulated. Unwholesome, unclean, watered, or adulterated milk, skimmed milk and cream, and skimmed milk, cream, butter or cheese made therefrom ; possession and sale prohibited. Adulterated milk, skimmed milk and cream; distribution prohibited; term “adulterated” defined. Adulterated milk, skimmed milk and cream ; seizure and destruction authorized. Condensed, and condensed skimmed milk; possession and sale regu- lated ; the term “adulterated” defined. Milk, skimmed milk, cream, condensed, or concentrated milk, con- densed skim milk, and modified milk; sale regulated; term “mod- ified milk” defined; exception. Milk, skimmed milk and cream ; grades and designations. Milk, skimmed milk and cream ; must conform to grade standards. Buttermilk, sour milk, sour cream, and other milk products; quality of product regulated. Bottles, cans, and other receptacles for holding milk and cream ; use regulated and restricted. Calves, pigs, lambs, fish, birds, and fowl ; sale regulated. Cattle ; not to be killed while in an overheated or feverish condition. Meat and dead animals; sale regulated. Unhealthy, unsound, unwholesome, and unsafe meat, vegetables and milk ; possession and sale prohibited ; terms “meat,” “vegeta- bles,” and “not sound” defined. Oysters ; sale regulated. 388 SANITARY CODE. Section 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. 177. 178. Artificial or natural mineral, spring, or other water, manufacture regulated. Public water supply; purity and wholesomeness, protected. Water; duties of persons in authority. Water from wells; the use thereof regulated and restricted. Drinking hydrants; water therefrom not to be rendered unwhole- some. Ice cream; manufacture and bringing into the city of New York, regulated. Oysters, sale of adulterated or misbranded prohibited. Bringing into the city of New York of the carcasses of certain animals restricted. Adulterated skimmed milk; distribution prohibited; term “adul- terated” defined. Reconstituted-milk and reconstituted-cream ; sale regulated. Adulterated reconstituted-milk and reconstituted-cream. Bottles, cans and other receptacles for holding reconstituted-milk and reconstituted-cream; use regulated and restricted. Ice cream ; sale of adulterated or misbranded prohibited ; the terms ice cream, adulterated and misbranded defined. Food gelatin ; sale of adulterated or misbranded prohibited ; the term food gelatin, adulterated and misbranded defined. §136. Inspection of food and other substances authorized. Dealers in food, drugs, and all other substances used or intended to be used for human consumption, or for internal or external human use, and their agents, and all persons engaged in the transportation thereof, shall allow any duly author- ized representative of the department of health to freely and fully inspect the cattle, meat, fish, vegetables, milk, and other food or drugs, as well as all other substances used or intended to be used for human consumption, or for internal or external human use, held or kept by them, or intended for sale. (S. C., §60.) (As amended by the Board of Health. Dec. 28, 1917.) §137. Condemnation and destruction of animals and food authorized. Upon any cattle, sheep, swine, or other animals, fowl or other birds, meat, fish, vegetables, or milk, or other food or drink being found by any inspector or other duly authorized representative of the department of health in a condition which ren- ders it or them, in his opinion, unfit for use as human food, or in a condition or of a weight or quality forbidden by provisions of the Sanitary Code, such inspector or other duly authorized representative of the said department is hereby empowered, and directed to immediately condemn, and, when possible, denature the same and cause it or them to be destroyed or removed to the offal or garbage dock for destruction, and report his action to the said department without delay. And the owner or person in charge thereof, when so directed by an inspector or other duly authorized representative of the said department or by an order of the sanitary superintendent, an assistant sanitary superintendent, or the director of the bureau of food and drugs of the said department, shall remove or cause the same to be removed to the place designated by such inspector or other duly authorized rep- resentative, or by the order of said sanitary superintendent or such assistant sanitary superintendent, or the director of the bureau of food and drugs, and shall not sell, offer to sell, or dispose of the same for human food. And when, in the opinion of the sanitary superintendent or an assistant sanitary superintendent, or the director of the bureati of food and drugs, any such meat, fish, milk, vegetables, or other food or 389 CHAP. 20, ART. 9, SECS. 128, 139. drink shall be unfit for human food, or any such cattle, sheep, swine, or other animals, or fowls or other birds, by reason of disease, or exposure to contagious disease, shall be unfit for human food, and in an unfit condition to remain near other animals, or to be kept alive, the board of health may direct the same to be destroyed, in such manner as the said board shall designate. (S. C., §58; as amended Dec. 21, 1915.) §138. Possession of food or drugs, prima facie, deemed to be held for sale. Food in the possession of, or held, kept, or offered for sale by, a dealer in food shall, prima facie, be deemed to be held, kept, or offered for sale as human food ; and drugs in the possession or, or held, kept, or offered for sale by, a dealer in drugs shall, prima facie, be deemed to be held, kept, or offered for sale for internal or external human use. (As amended by the Board of Health, Dec. 28, 1916.) §139. Food; sale of adulterated or misbranded prohibited; the terms “ food ”, “ adulterated ”, and “ misbranded ” defined. No person shall have, sell, or offer for sale in the city of New York any food which is adulterated or misbranded. The term food as herein used shall include every article of food and every beverage used by man and all confectionery. Food as herein defined shall be deemed adulterated : (1) If any substance or substances has or have been mixed and packed with it so as to reduce or lower or injuriously affect its quality or strength. (2) If any inferior or cheaper substance has been substituted wholly or in part for the article. (3) If any valuable constituent of the article has been wholly or in part ab- stracted. (4) If it consists wholly or in part of diseased or decomposed or putrid or rotten animal or vegetable substance, or any portion of any animal unfit for food, or if it is a product of a diseased animal, or one that has died otherwise than by slaughter. (5) If it is colored or coated or polished or powdered, whereby damage is con- cealed or it is made to appear better than it really is. (6) If it contains any added poisonous ingredient, or any ingredient which may render it injurious to health; or if it contains any antiseptic or preservative not evident and not known to the purchaser or consumer. (7) If, in the case of confectionery, it contains terra alba, barytes, talc, chrome yellow, or other mineral substance or poisonous color or flavor, or other ingredient deleterious or detrimental to health; or any vinous, malt, or spirituous liquor or com- pound, or narcotic drug. (8) If, in the case of spirituous, fermented, and malt liquors, it contains any sub- stance or ingredient which is not normally present in such liquors, or which may be deleterious or detrimental to health when such liquors are used as beverages. Food shall be deemed misbranded : (a) If it is an imitation or offered for sale under the distinctive name of another article. (b) If it is labeled or branded so as to deceive or mislead the purchaser, or purports to be a foreign product when not so ; or if the contents of the package, as originally put up, shall have been removed in whole or in part and other contents shall have been placed in such package; or if it fails to bear a statement on the label of the quantity or proportion of any morphine, opium, co'caine, heroin, alpha or beta eucaine, chloroform, cannabis indica, chloral hydrate, Oi acetanilid, or any derivative or preparation of any such substances contained therein. (c) If in package form and the contents are stated in terms of weight or measure, such weight or measure is. not plainly and correctly stated on the outside of the package. 390 SANITARY CODE. (d) If the package or its label shall bear any statement, design, or device, re- garding the ingredients or the substances contained therein, which statement, design, or device shall be false or misleading in any particular. Provided, that an article of food which does not contain any added poisonous or deleterious ingredient shall not be deemed to be adulterated or misbranded in the fol- lowing cases : First. In the case of mixtures or compounds which may be now or from time to time hereafter known as articles of food, under their own distinctive names, and not an imitation of or offered for sale under the distinctive name of another article, if the name be accompanied on the same label or brand with a statement of the place where said article has been manufactured or produced. Second. In the case of articles labeled, branded, or tagged, so as to plainly indi- cate that they are compounds, imitations, or blends, the word “compound,” “imita- tion”, or “blend”, as the case may be, being plainly stated on the package in which it is offered for sale ; provided, that the term “blend”, as herein used shall be con- strued to mean a mixture of like substances, not excluding harmless coloring or flavoring ingredients used for the purpose of coloring and flavoring only. And provided further, that nothing in this section shall be construed as requiring or compelling proprietors or manufacturers of proprietary foods, which contain no unwholesome added ingredient, to disclose their trade formulas, except in so far as the provisions of this section may require to secure freedom from adulteration or misbranding. (S. C., §68.) §140. Food and drink; not to be sold under a false name or quality. No meat, fish, fruit, vegetables, eggs, milk, or other food or drink shall be sold, held, or offered for sale, under a false name or quality, nor shall any food or drink which is not wholesome, sound, and safe for human consumption, be represented as being wholesome, sound, or safe for human consumption. (S. C.. §48.) §141. Poisonous, deleterious and unwholesome substances; use as food pro* hibited. No person, being the owner, lessee, manage:, or in charge of any place in which food or drink is produced, manufactured, prepared, packed, stored, distributed, offered for sale, or sold shall, therein or thereat, offer or have, for food or drink, or to be eaten or drunk, any poisonous, deleterious, or unwholesome substance, or allow any- thing to be done or to occur, therein or thereat, dangerous to life or prejudicial to health. (S. G, §47.) §142. Food; to be protected from dust, dirt, flies, or other contamination. No food intended for human consumption shall be kept, sold, offered for sale, displayed, or transported, unless protected from dust, dirt, flies, and other contamina- tion ; nor shall any food intended for human consumption be deposited or allowed to remain within a distance of 2 feet above the surface of any sidewalk, street, alley, or other public place, or the floor of any building where exhibited, unless the same shall be contained in boxes or other receptacles, so as to be protected from dogs and other animals and their excretions. No candy, or bread, pastry, or other bakery product, intended for human con- sumption, shall be kept, sold, offered for sale, or displayed in any open window or doorway of a building, or upon any stand, or pushcart, wagon, or other vehicle in any street or other public place, unless such candy, or bread, pastry, or other bakery product is separately wrapped in paper or contained in a cardboard box or other dust and flyproof wrapper or container. The provisions of this section shall take effect August 16, 1919 (S. C. §46, as amended by the Board of Health, July 24, 1919.) 391 CHAP. 20. ART. 9. SECS. 143-146. §143. Eating and drinking utensils; use in common prohibited; the term “ public place ” and “ factory ” defined. The use of common eating or drinking utensils in any public place, park, street or avenue, public institution, lodging-house, hotel, theatre, factory, school, public hall, railroad car, ferry boat, railway station, or ferry house, or the furnishing of any such common eating or drinking utensils for use in any such place is hereby prohibited. The term “public place” as used herein shall be construed to include : (a) Any place where goods, wares, or merchandise are sold or offered for sale; (b) Any department, bureau, building, or office, of a municipal corporation. The term “factory” as used herein shall be construed to include any workshop or manufacturing or business establishment where persons are employed at labor. (S. C., §189.) §144. Cooking, eating, and drinking utensils to be properly cleansed after being used. All utensils used in the preparation, service, and sale of any food or drink, in- tended for human consumption, shall be properly cleansed after being used, and no such utensil shall, under any circumstances, be used a second time unless it shall have been, after the previous use thereof, so cleansed. In such cleansing, the use of water which has become insanitary by previous use is prohibited. The term “properly cleansed” as herein used shall be taken to mean cleansing after each use in a solution of soap powder or soda in hot water and the employment of friction supplied by means of a brush or other suitable implement, followed by rinsing in clean hot water ; by sterilization ; or by so'me other equally effective method. (S. C. §49b ; amended May 31, 1916.) §145. Beverages and drinks; the use of taps, faucets, tanks, fountains, and vessels regulated. In the manufacture, sale, or keeping for sale, of any beverage or drink, no person shall keep or use any tap, faucet, tank, fountain, or vessel, or any pipe or conduit, in connection therewith, which shall be composed or made, either wholly or in part, of lead, or other metal or metallic substances that are or will be affected by liquids so that dangerous, unwholesome, or deleterious compounds are formed therein or thereby, or such that beer, soda water, syrups, or other liquids, or any beverage, drink, or flavoring material drawn therefrom shall be unwholesome, dangerous, or detrimental to health. (S. C., §51.) §146. Employment of persons affected with infectious or venereal disease prohibited. No person who is affected with any infectious disease, or with any venereal dis- ease in a communicable form shall work or be permitted to work in any place where food or drink is prepared, cooked, mixed, baked, exposed, bottled, packed, handled, stored, manufactured, offered for sale, or sold. Whenever required by a medical in- spector or other duly authorized physician of the department of health, or by an order of the sanitary superintendent, the director of the bureau of food and drugs, or the director of the bureau of preventable diseases of the said department, any person employed in any such place shall submit to a physical examination by a physician in the employ of the said department. Such persons, however, may, in their discre- tion, be examined by their own private physicians provided such examinations are per- formed in accordance with the regulations of the board of health. No person who re- fuses to submit to such examination shall work or be permitted to work in any such place. (Amended Dec. 21, 1915, and April 25, 1916.) 392 SANITARY CODE. §147. Room, factory, stall, place, and appurtenances to be kept in a cleanly and wholesome condition; food, drugs and drink to be clean and wholesome, and not poisoned, infected, or rendered unsafe; personal responsibility of owner, lessee, occupant, or person in charge. Every person being the owner, lessee, occupant, or in charge of any room, stall, factory, premises, or place, where any food or drink intended for human consumption, or drugs intended for internal or external human use, shall be manu- factured, prepared, stored, kept, held, or offered for sale, shall put and keep such room, stall, factory, premises, or place, and its appurtenances, in a cleanly and wholesome condition, and every person having charge, or interested or engaged, whether as principal or agent, in the care or in respect to the custody or sale, of any food or drink intended for human consumption, or drugs intended for internal or external human use, shall put and preserve the same in a cleanly and wholesome condition, and shall not allow the same, or any part thereof, to become poisoned, infected, or rendered unsafe or unwholesome for human food or drink or for internal or external human use. (S. C., §49.) (As amended by the Board of Health, Dec. 28, 1916.) §148. Manufacture and storage of food and drink regulated. No building, room, or p’ace, where food or drink is prepared, cooked, mixed, baked, exposed, bottled, packed, handled, stored, or manufactured, shall be con- ducted, operated, maintained, or used otherwise than in accordance with the regu- lations of the board of health. §149. Conduct and maintenance of restaurants regulated; permit required. No person shall conduct, operate, or maintain any restaurant in the city of New York without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and the regulations of said board. The term “restaurant,” as herein used, shall be taken to mean and include every buffet, lunch room, grill room, lunch counter, dining-room of hotel, and every other public place where food is served, sold and consumed on the premises, every lunch counter in a saloon where food is sold or given away, and all kitchens appurtenant thereto or connected therewith. (As amended by the Board of Health Jan. 30, 1917.) §150. The care and sale of food and drink in stores regulated. No grocery store, butcher store, delicatessen store, confectionery store, bakery store, milk store, butter and egg store, fruit and vegetable store, fish store, or other place where food or drink is handled, stored, offered for sale, or sold, shall be con- ducted or maintained otherwise than in accordance with the regulations of the board of health. §151. Unwholesome, unclean, watered or adulterated milk, skimmed milk and cream and skimmed milk, cream, butter or cheese made therefrom; possession and sale prohibited. No persons shall have at any place where milk, skimmed milk, cream, butter or cheese is kept for sale, or at any place sell, deliver, offer or have for sale or keep for use, nor shall any person bring or send to the city of New York any milk, skimmed milk or cream which is unwholesome, unclean, watered or adulterated or milk known as “swill milk” or milk from cows or other animals that have been fed in whole or in part on swill, distillery waste or any substance in a state of putrefaction or in any way unwholesome, or milk from sick or diseased cows or other animals, or any cream, skimmed milk, butter or cheese made from any such milk or any unwholesome butter or cheese. (S. C. §52.) (As amended by the Board of Health, June 28, 1917.) 393 CHAP. 20. ART. 9. SECS. 152 . 153. §152. Adulterated milk and cream; distribution prohibited; term “adulter- ated ’’ defined. No milk which is adulterated, reduced or changed in any respect by the addi- tion of water or other substance or by the removal of cream shall be brought into the city of New York or held, kept, sold or offered for sale at any place in said city; nor shall any person or corporation keep, have, sell or offer for sale in the said city any such milk. No cream which is adulterated shall be brought into the city of New York or held, kept, sold or offered for sale in said city, nor shall any person or corporation keep, have, sell or offer for sale in said city any such cream. The term “cream” shall be taken to mean that portion of milk represented in milk fat which rises to the surface of milk on standing or is separated from it by centrifugal force. Milk or cream in the possession of or held, kept or offered for sale by a dealer in food shall prima facie be deemed to be held, kept and offered for sale as human food. The term “adulterated” shall be taken to mean and include : First. Milk containing more than eighty-eight and one-half per centum of water or fluids. Second. Milk containing less than eleven and one-half per centum of milk solids. Third. Milk containing less than eight and one-half per centum of solids not fat. Fourth. Milk from which any part of the cream has been removed. Fifth. Milk containing less than three per centum of fats. Sixth. Cream which contains less than eighteen per centum of butter fat. Seventh. Milk or cream from milk which has been drawn from animals within fifteen days before or five days after parturition. Eighth. Milk or cream from milk which has been drawn from animals fed on distillery waste or any substance in a state of putrefaction or on any unwholesome food. Ninth. Milk or cream from milk which has been drawn from cows kept in a crowded or unhealthy condition. Tenth. Milk or cream which has been diluted with water or any other fluid or to which has been added or into which has been introduced any foreign substance whatever. Eleventh. Milk or cream, the temperature of which is higher than 50 degrees Fahrenheit or which contains an excessive number of bacteria. This requirement in- cludes “Grade C Milk” that has been pasteurized. Twelfth. Milk or cream from milk which is produced in violation of the regu- lations of the board of health. The provisions of this section shall not be applicable, however, to modified milk held or offered for sale under permit therefor issued by the board of health or to skimmed milk. The provisions of this section shall, however, apply to cream sold under any foreign name meaning cream, such as smeteny, crema and rahm, and to all cream products and preparations such as homogenized products and milk curds. The provisions concerning temperature and bacterial content shall not apply to sour cream. (S. C., §53.) (As amended by the Board of Health, June 28, 1917.) §153. Adulterated milk, skimmed milk and cream; seizure and destruction authorized. Any milk, skimmed milk or cream found to be adulterated which has been brought into the city of New York or is held or offered for sale in said city may be seized and destroyed by any inspector or other officer of the department of health authorized to inspect the said milk or cream. (S. C., §54.) (As amended by the Board of Health, June 28, 1917.) 394 SANITARY CODE . §154. Condensed, and condensed skimmed, milk; possession and sale regu- lated; the term “ adulterated ” defined. No condensed milk made from milk produced and handled under conditions not conforming at least to the requirements of those designated for Grade C., or which is adulterated, shall be brought into the city o'f New York or held, kept, sold or offered for sale, at any place in said city, nor shall any person or corporation have, keep, sell, or offer for sale in said city any such condensed milk. The term “adulterated”, when used in this section, refers to condensed milk in which the amount of fat is less than 25 per centum of the milk solids contained therein, or to which any foreign substance whatever has been added, excepting sugars, as in preserved milks. The provisions of this section shall not be applicable, as regards the amount of fat, to condensed skimmed milk held or offered for sale under a permit therefor issued by the board of health. (S. C., §55.) §155. Milk, skimmed milk, cream, condensed, or concentrated milk, con- densed skimmed milk, and modified milk; sale regulated; term “modified milk” defined; exception. No milk, skimmed milk or cream, condensed or concentrated milk, condensed skimmed milk or modified milk shall be held, kept, offered for sale, sold or delivered in the City of New York without a permit issued therefor by the Board of Health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the Regula- tions of said Board. By the term “ modified milk ” is meant milk of any subdivision of the classifi- cation known as “ Grade A : for Infants' and Children,” which has been changed by the addition of water, sugar of milk or other substance intended to render the milk suitable for infant feeding. The provisions of this section shall not apply to milk, skimmed milk or cream sold in hotels and restaurants, nor to condensed milk or condensed skimmed milk when contained in hermetically sealed cans. (The provisions of this section shall take effect April 1, 1920.) (S. C., Sec. 56. As amended by the Board of Health, December 21, 1915, June 28, 1917, and further amended January 22, 1920.) §156. Milk, skimmed milk and cream; grades and designations. All milk, skimmed milk or cream held, kept, offered for sale, sold or delivered in the city of New York shall be so held, kept, offered for sale, sold or delivered in accordance with the regulations of the board of health and under any of the following grades or designations and not otherwise : “Grade A : For Infants and Children” : 1. Milk, skimmed milk, or cream (raw). 2. Milk, skimmed milk, or cream (pasteurized), “Grade B : For Adults” : 1. Milk, skimmed milk, or cream (pasteurized). “Grade *C: For Cooking and Manufacturing Purposes Only”: 1. Milk, skimmed milk or cream not conforming to the requirements of any of the subdivisions of Grade A or Grade B and which has been pasteur- ized according to the regulations of the board of health or boiled for at least two (2) minutes. “Condensed Skimmed Milk.” “Condensed or Concentrated Milk.” The provisions of this section shall apply to milk, skimmed milk or cream used for the purpose of producing or used in preparation of sour milk, buttermilk, homo- genized milk, milk curds, sour cream, smeteny, kumyss, matzoon, zoolak and other similar products or preparations, provided that any such product or preparation 395 CHAP. 20, ART. 9, SECS. 157-162. be held, kept, offered for sale, sold or delivered in the city of New York. (S. C., §56a.) (As amended by the Board of Health, June 28, 1917.) §157. Milk, skimmed milk and cream; must conform to grade standards. All milk, skimmed milk or cream held, kept, offered for sale, sold or delivered in the city of New York shall conform in character to the standards and require- ments set forth in section 156 of this code as applicable to the particular grade under which such milk or cream shall be held, kept, offered for sale, sold or delivered. (As amended by the Board of Health, June 28, 1917.) §158. Buttermilk, sour milk, sour cream, and other milk products; quality of product regulated. Buttermilk, sour milk, sour cream, kumyss, matzoon, zoolak, and similar products shall not be made from any milk or cream of a less grade than that designated for grade B and shall be pasteurized before being put through a process of souring or fermentation. Sour cream shall not contain a less percentage of fat than that desig- nated for cream. (S. C., §57.) §159. Bottles, cans, and other receptacles for holding milk, skimmed milk and cream; use regulated and restricted. It shall be the duty of all persons having in their possession bottles, cans or other receptacles containing milk, skimmed milk or cream which are used in the transportation or delivery of milk, skimmed milk or cream, to clean or cause them to be cleaned immediately upon emptying. No person shall use or cause or allow, to be used any receptacle which is used in the transportation and delivery of milk, skimmed milk or cream for any purpose whatsoever other than the holding of milk, skimmed milk or cream; nor shall any person receive or have in his possession any such receptacle which has not been washed after holding milk, skimmed milk or cream or which is unclean in any way. (S. C., §183.) (As amended by the Board of Health, June 28, 1917.) §160. Calves, pigs, lambs, fish, birds, and fowl; sale regulated. No calf, or the meat thereof, shall be brought into the city of New York, or held, sold, or offered for sale for human food, which, when killed, was less than 4 weeks old. No pig, or the meat thereof, shall be brought into the city of New York, or held, sold, or offered for sale for human food, which, when killed, was less than 5 weeks old. No lamb, or the meat thereof, shall be brought into the city of New York, or held, sold, or offered for sale for human food, which, when killed, was less than 8 weeks old. Nor shall any meagre, sickly, or unwholesome fish, birds, or fowl be brought into said city or held, sold, or offered for sale for human food therein. (S. C., §43; as amended Dec. 21, 1915.) §161. Cattle; not to be killed while in an overheated, or feverish, condition. No cattle shall be killed for human food while in an overheated, or feverish condition. (S. C., §44.) §162. Meat and dead animals; sale regulated. No meat or dead animal above the size of a rabbit shall be taken to any public or private market, nor shall any such meat or dead animal be stored or held, kept, offered for sale, or sold in any such place until the same shall have been fully cooled after killing, nor until the entrails and feet (except of poultry and game and except the feet of swine) shall have been removed. (S. C., §45.) 396 SANITARY CODE. §163. Unhealthy, unsound, unwholesome, and unsafe meat, vegetables and milk; possession and sale prohibited; terms “ meat ”, “vegetables”, and “ not sound ” defined. No meat, vegetables, or milk, not being then healthy, fresh, sound, wholesome, or safe for human food, nor the meat of any animal that died by disease or accident, shall be brought into the city of New York or held, kept, offered for sale, or sold as such food, or kept or stored, anywhere in said city. The term “meat.” as herein used, shall include fish, birds, eggs, and fowl; the term “vegetables” shall include any product, substance, or article used as and for human food other than milk or meat; the term “not sound” shall include any vegetable that is wormy. For the purpose of this section, any meat, vegetables, or milk in possession of, or held, kept, or offered for sale by, a dealer in food, shall, prima facie, be deemed to be held, kept and offered for sale as human food. (S. C., §42.) §164. Shellfish; sale regulated. No shellfish shall be brought into, or held, kept, or offered for sale, anywhere in the City of New York, without a permit therefor issued by the Board of Health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the Regu- lations 'of said Board. The provisions of this section shall not apply to the sale of shellfish in hotel or restaurants, where such shellfish are purchased from a dealer holding a permit from the Board of Health. (S. C., §185. As amended by the Board of Health, April 29, 1920.) §165. Artificial or natural mineral, spring, or other waters; manufacture regulated. It shall be the duty of every wholesale dealer, manufacturer, importer, or other person who manufactures or imports, or sells at wholesale in the city of New York, any artificial or natural mineral, spring, or other water, for drinking purposes, to file, under oath, with the department of health, the name of such water and the exact location from which it is obtained, the chemical analysis and the bacteriological examination thereof, and, when manufactured, the name of every substance or ele- ment entering into its composition. No person shall manufacture or bottle any mineral, carbonated, or table water, in the citv of New York, without a permit issued therefor by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regula- tions of said board. No permit , will be required, however, where the city water supply is conducted through closed pipes and connected with a carbonated apparatus, from which it is dispensed direct to the consumer, without coming in contact with the air, and not handled in any way. (S. C-, §59.) §166. Public water supply; purity and wholesomeness protected. No person shall throw or allow to run or pass into any public reservoir, water- pipe, or aqueduct, or into or upon any border or margin thereof, or any excavation or stream therewith connected, any animal, vegetable, or mineral substance whatever; nor shall any person (having the power or right to prevent the same) do or permit any act or thing that will impair or imperil the purity or wholesomeness of any water or other fluid used or intended to be used as a drink, in any part of said city; nor shall any person bathe or (except in the discharge of a public duty) put any part of his person into such water, nor shall any unauthorized person open anv erec- tion or unscrew any hydrant holding such water. (S. C., §61.) §167. Water; duties of persons in authority. Tt shall be the duty of every person, official, department, and board, having any authority and control in regard to any water intended for human consumption (and 397 CHAP. 20, ART. 9, SECS. 168-171. within the proper sphere of the duty of each thereof), to take all usual and also all reasonable measures and precautions to secure and preserve the purity and whole- someness of such water. (S. C, §62.) §168. Water from wells; the use thereof regulated and restricted. Water from wells in the borough of Manhattan shall not be used, in the city of New York, for drink; nor shall water from wells in the borough of Manhattan be used for any other purpose in any tenement, lodging-house, hotel, manufactory or building, in which persons are living or employed, or in which there are offices, or a restaurant or saloon, in the city of New York, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said per- mit and the regulations of the said board. Water from wells in the other boroughs of said city, other than the public water supply, shall not be used in any tenement or lodging-house, hotel, manufactory, or building, in which persons are living or employed, or in which there are offices, or a restaurant or saloon, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and the regulations of the said board. (S. C., §63.) §169. Drinking hydrants; water therefrom not to be rendered unwholesome. No person shall destroy or in anywise injure or impair any drinking hydrant, or part thereof, in the city of New York; nor shall any person interfere with the use or enjoyment of the water therein or therefrom, or interrupt the flow thereof; nor, shall any person put any dirty, poisonous, medicinal, or noxious substance into or near said water or hydrant, whereby such water is made or may be regarded as dangerous or unwholesome as a drink. (S. C., §64.) §170. Ice cream; manufacture in and bringing into the city of New York regulated. No ice cream shall be manufactured in or brought into the city of New York for sale without a permit therefor issued by the board of health, or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board. ( Added May 31. 1916.) §171. Shellfish, sale of adulterated or misbranded prohibited. No person shall bring into the City of New York, or have, sell, or offer for sale shellfish which are adulterated or misbranded. Shellfish shall be deemed adulterated : (1) If, after removal from the shell, they have been subjected to a process whereby their solid content is decreased or their volume increased. (2) If grown, floated or cleansed in contaminated water so as to render them unfit for food. (3) If they consist, wholly or in part, of diseased, decomposed, putrid, or rotten animal or vegetable substance. (4) If they contain any antiseptic or preservative injurious to health. (5) If they are floated in water of a lower salinity than the water in which they are grown. (6) If any substance or substances has or have been mixed and packed with them so as to reduce or lower or injuriously affect their quality or strength. (7) If after removal from the shell they are cleansed in fresh water or water of a lower salinity than the water in which they are grown. Shellfish shall be deemed misbranded : (a) If they are labeled or branded so as to deceive or mislead the purchaser. (b) If the container or its label shall bear any statement, design, or device, regarding the shellfish or the other ingredients contained therein, which statement. 398 SANITARY CODE. design, or device shall be false or misleading in any particular. (As adopted by the Board of Health, Jan. 30, 1917, and amended April 29, 1919; as amd. by the Board of Health, April 29, 1920.) §172. Bringing into the city of New York of the carcasses of certain animals restricted. No carcasses or parts of the carcasses of cows, bulls, steers or swine shall be brought into the City of New York until they shall respectively have been inspected and passed as fit for human food by a duly authorized inspection of the United States government or of any state or municipality and shall have been marked, stamped, branded, tagged or labeled as having been so inspected and passed. Pro- vided, however, the provisions of this section shall not apply to the carcasses of cows, bulls, steers or swine to which are attached, by their natural connections, the head, including the tongue, lungs, the liver, the heart, the pleura, the peritoneum and all body lymph glands. (As adopted by the Board of Health, June 28, 1917.) §173. Adulterated skimmed milk; distribution prohibited; term “adulterated” defined. No skimmed milk which is adulterated shall be brought into the city of New York or held, kept, sold or offered for sale in said city; nor shall any person or corporation keep, have, sell or offer for sale in the said city any such skimmed milk. The term “skimmed milk” shall be taken to mean : Milk from which all or part of the cream has been removed. For the purpose of this section any skimmed milk in possession of or held, kept or offered for sale by a dealer in food shall prima facie be deemed to be held, kept and offered for sale as human food. The term “adulterated” shall be taken to mean and include : First. Skimmed milk containing less than eight per centum of milk solids other than fat. Second. Skimmed milk from milk which has been drawn from animals within fifteen days before or five, days after parturition. Third. Skimmed milk from milk which has been drawn from animals fed on distillery waste or any substance in a state of putrefaction or on any unwholesome food. Fourth. Skimmed milk; from milk which has been drawn from cows kept in a crowded or unhealthy condition. Fifth. Skimmed milk which has been diluted with water or any other fluid or to which has been added or into which has been introduced any foreign substance whatever. Sixth. Skimmed milk, the temperature of which is higher than 50 degrees Fahrenheit or which contains an excessive number of bacteria. Seventh. Skimmed milk from milk which is produced in violation of the regu- lations of the Board of health. (As adopted by the Board of Health, June 28, 1917.) §174. Reconstituted=milk and reconstituted=cream; sale regulated. No reconstituted-milk or reconstituted-cream shall be brought into the city of New York, or manufactured, held, kept, sold or offered for sale at any place in said city without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and the regulations of said board. (As adopted by the Board of Health, Nov. 27, 1918.) §175. Adulterated reconstituted=milk and reconstituted=cream. No reconstituted-milk or reconstituted-cream which is adulterated, reduced or changed in any respect by the addition of water or other substances, shall be brought into the city of New York or held, kept, sold, or offered for sale, at any place in said city ; nor shall any person, firm or corporation keep, have, or offer for sale in said city any such reconstituted-milk or reconstituted-cream. Reconstituted-milk or reconstituted-cream in the possession of or held, kept or CHAP. 20. ART. 9. SECS. 176. 177. offered for sale by a dealer in food shall, prima facie, be deemed to be held, kept and offered for sale as human food. The term “ adulterated ” shall be taken to mean and include : First. Reconstituted-milk containing more than eighty-eight and one-quarter per centum of water or fluids. Second. Reconstituted-milk containing less than eleven and three-quarters per centum of milk solids. Third. Reconstituted-milk containing less than eight and one-half per centum of solids not fat. Fourth. Reconstituted-milk containing less than three and one-quarter per centum of fats. Fifth. Reconstituted-cream which contains less than eighteen per centum of butter fat. Sixth. Reconstituted-milk or reconstituted-cream made from ingredients which are rancid, impure, unwholesome, adulterated, unclean, contaminated, or otherwise unfit for human consumption. Seventh. Reconstituted-milk or reconstituted-cream which has been diluted with water or any other fluid, or to which has been added, or into which has been intro- duced, any foreign substance whatever. Eighth. Reconstituted-milk or reconstituted-cream, the temperature of which is higher than fifty degrees Fahrenheit, or which contains an excessive number of bacteria. Ninth. Reconstituted-milk or reconstituted-cream which is produced in violation of the regulations of the board of health. (As adopted by the Board of Health, Nov. 27, 1918.) §176. Bottles, cans, and other receptacles for holding reconstituted=milk and reconstituted=cream; use regulated and restricted. It shall be the duty of all persons having in their possession bottles, cans, or other receptacles containing reconstituted-milk or reconstituted-cream, which are used in the transportation or delivery of reconstituted-milk or reconstituted-cream, to clean or cause them to be cleaned immediately upon emptying. No person shall use or cause or allow to be used any receptacle which is used in the transportation and delivery of reconstituted-milk or reconstituted-cream, for any purpose whatsoever other than the holding of reconstituted-milk or reconstituted- cream ; nor shall any person receive or have in his possession any such receptacle which has not been washed after holding reconstituted-milk or reconstituted-cream, or which is unclean in any way. (As adopted by the Board of Health Nov. 27, 1918.) §177. Ice cream; sale of adulterated or misbranded prohibited; the terms “ice cream,” “ adulterated ” and “ misbranded ” defined. No person shall bring into, or have, sell or offer for sale in the City of New York, any ice cream which is adulterated or misbranded. The term “ ice cream ” as herein used shall be taken to mean and include the frozen product or mixture made from pasteurized cream, milk, or product of milk, sweetened with sugar, to which has been added pure, wholesome food gelatin, vegetable gum or other thickener, with or without wholesome flavoring extract, fruits, nuts, cocoa, chocolate, eggs, cake, candy or confections, and which contains not less than eight per cent. (8%), by weight, of milk (butter) fat. Ice cream as herein defined shall be deemed adulterated : (1) If any substance or substances has or have been mixed and packed with it so as to reduce or lower or injuriously affect its quality or strength. (2) If any inferior or cheaper substance has been substituted wholly or in part for the article. 400 SANITARY CODE. (3) If any valuable constituent of the article has been wholly or in part ab- stracted. (4) If it consists wholly or in part of diseased or decomposed or putrid or rotten animal or vegetable substance, or any portion of any animal unfit for food, or if it is a product of a diseased animal, or one that has died otherwise than by slaughter. (5) If it contains any added poisonous ingredient, or any ingredient which may render it injurious to health; or if it contains any antiseptic or preservative not evident and not known to the purchaser or consumer. (6) If it contains chrome yellow, saccharin, salts or copper, iron oxide, formalde- hyde, boric acid, ochres, or other mineral substance or poisonous color or flavor, or other ingredient deleterious or detrimental to health. (7) If it contains less than eight per cent (8%) by weight, of milk (butter) fat. (8) If it contains more than one per cent (1%) of pure, wholesome, gelatin, vegetable gum, or other thickener. (9) If it contains any added vegetable or mineral oils or fats. Ice cream shall be deemed misbranded : (a) If it is an imitation or offered for sale under the distinctive name of another article or is labeled or branded so as to deceive or mislead the purchaser. (b) If in package form and the contents are stated in the terms of weight or measure, such weight or measure is not plainly and correctly stated on the outside of the package. (c) If the package or its label shall bear any statement, design, or device regard- ing the ingredients or the substances contained therein, which statement, design, or device shall be false or misleading in any particular. The provisions of this section shall not, however, apply to mixtures or compounds which may be now, or from time to time hereafter, known under their own distinctive names and not an imitation of or offered for sale under the distinctive name of ice cream, if the name be accompanied on the same label or brand with a statement of the date and place where said article has been manufactured or produced. (As adopted by the Board of Health, April 29, 1920.) §178. Good gelatin; sale of adulterated or misbranded prohibited; the term “ food gelatin,” “ adulterated ” and “ misbranded ” defined. No person shall bring into, or have, keep, offer for sale, or sell, in the City of New York, any food gelatin which is adulterated or misbranded. The term food gelatin as herein used shall be taken to mean and include a purified product of gelatin prepared from the bones, hides, hoofs, horns and tissues of animals. Food gelatin as herein defined shall be deemed adulterated : (1) If any substance or substances has or have been mixed and packed with it so as to reduce or lower or injuriously affect its quality or strength. (2) If any inferior or cheaper substance has been substituted wholly or in part for the article. (3) If it consists wholly or in part of diseased or decomposed or putrid or rotten animal or vegetable substance, or if it is a produce of a diseased animal. (4) If it is colored or coated or powdered whereby damage is concealed or it is made to appear better than it really is. (5) If it contains any antiseptic or preservative not evident and not known to the purchaser or consumer. (6) If it contains more than thirty (30) parts per million of copper, or one and four tenth (1.4) parts per million of arsenic, or one hundred (100) parts per million of zinc, or twenty (20) parts per million of lead, or three hundred (300) parts per million of tin, or two one-hundredths of one per cent. (.02%) of sulphur dioxide, or 401 CHAP. 20. ART. 10. SECS. 181-182. ,lny other added poisonous ingredient, or any ingredient which may render it injurious to health. Food gelatin as herein defined shall be deemed misbranded : (a) If it is an imitation or offered for sale under the distinctive name of another article. (b) If it is labeled or branded so as to deceive or mislead the purchaser, or pur- port to be a foreign product when not so ; or if the contents of the package as originally put up shall have been removed in whole or in part and other contents shall have been placed in such package. (c) If in package form and the contents are stated in terms of weight or measure, such weight or measure is not plainly and correctly stated on the outside of the package. (d) If the package or label shall bear any statement, design, or device, regard- ing the ingredients or the substances contained therein, which statement, design, or device shall be false or misleading in any particular. (As adopted by the Board of Health April 29, 1920.) ARTICLE 10. General Provisions. Section 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. Misfeasance and nonfeasance. Contractors must comply with provisions of the sanitary code. Nuisances; conditions dangerous or prejudicial to life or health; duties of persons responsible. Regulations and orders ; to be observed and obeyed. Abatement of nuisances. Interfering with or obstructing an inspector. False, untruthful, or misleading statements. Affidavit of chemist; presumptive evidence of facts. Notices not to be mutilated or torn down. Clinical thermometers ; sale regulated. §181. Misfeasance and nonfeasance. No person shall, knowingly, or carelessly or negligently do or contribute to the doing of, any act dangerous to the life or detrimental to the health of any human being, provided, however, that the foregoing provisions of this section shall not apply to a necessary act authorized by law ; nor shall any person omit to do any reasonable and proper act, or take any reasonable or proper precaution, to protect human life and health. (S. C., §8.) §182. Contractors must comply with provisions of the sanitary code. Every contractor, to whom reference is made in the sanitary code, and every person who shall have contracted or undertaken, or shall be bound, to do, or shall be engaged in doing, any of the things to which any of the provisions of the sanitary code relate, shall comply with all provisions of the said code applying to the work undertaken or to be undertaken, and he shall not be excused for non-compliance with any of the said provisions because of any direction given by any other person. tS. C., §9.) §183. Nuisances; conditions dangerous or prejudicial to life or health; duties of persons responsible. It is hereby declared to be the duty of every owner, part owner, lessee, tenant, and occupant, of, or person interested in, any place, water, ground, room, stall, apart- ment, building, erection, vessel, vehicle, matter and thing in the city of New York and of every person conducting or interested in business therein or thereat, and of every person who has undertaken to clean any place, ground, or street, in the said 402 SANITARY CODE. city, and of every person, public officer, and department, having charge of any ground, place, building, or erection, in the said city, to keep, place, and preserve the same and the sewerage, drainage, and ventilation thereof in such condition, and to conduct the same in such manner that it shall not be a nuisance or be dangerous or prejudicial to life or health. The term “ building,” as used in this section, includes a railway car, booth, tent, shop or other erection or enclosure. (S. C., §10.) §184. Regulations and orders; to be observed and obeyed. No person shall violate, or refuse or neglect to comply with, any regulation or order of the board of health, made for carrying into effect the provisions of this code, the powers of the said board, or the laws of this state; and the violation of, or the refusal or neglect to comply with, any such regulation or order which relates to the provisions of any section of this code shall be deemed a violation of such section. (S. C, §11.) §185. Abatement of nuisances. Whenever, in any place or on any premises in the city of New York, a nuisance shall have been found, or declared by resolution of the board of health to exist, and an order shall have been made directing the owner, lessee, tenant, or occupant of such place or premises to make Suitable and necessary repairs or improvements, or to abate the said nuisance, such repairs or improvements shall be made, and such nuisance shall be fully abated, within the time specified in said order. (S. C., §14.) §186. Interfering with or obstructing an inspector. No person shall interfere with or obstruct any inspector or other duly authorized representative of the department of health when making the inspections or exam- inations required by the board of health, or when executing its orders. (S. C, §12.) §187. False, untruthful, or misleading statements. No person shall make any false, untruthful, or misleading statement in any appli- cation for a permit from the board of health. (S. C., §15.) §188. Certificate of chemist; presumptive evidence of facts. Every certificate duly signed and acknowledged, of a chemist, analyst or other expert, employed by the Board of Health of the Department of Health of The City of New York, relating to any analysis, examination, or investigation, made by such chemist, analyst, or expert in respect to any matter, product, or thing, which the said Board has authority to examine or investigate, or may cause to be examined or in- vestigated, shall be presumptive evidence of the facts therein set forth. (S. C. §69a.) (As amended by the Board of Health May 6, 1920.) §189. Notices not to be mutilated or torn down. No person shall interfere with or obstruct, mutilate, or tear down, any notice of the department of health posted in or on anv oremises in the city of New York. (S. C, §137.) §190. Clinical thermometers; sale regulated. No person shall sell, offer for sale, deal in or supply, or have in his possession with intent to sell, offer for sale, deal in or supply, any inaccurate clinical thermometer. Every manufacturer of clinical thermometers shall, before offering any such clinical thermometers for sale in the City of New York, test the same or cause the same to be tested in accordance with the Regulations of the Board of Health. The term “ clinical thermometer ” as herein used, shall be taken to mean and include every thermometer intended for taking the temperature, of human beings and animals. The term “ standard clinical thermometer ” as herein used, shall be taken to mean and include a clinical thermometer certified by the Department of Health as correct after 403 CHAP. 20, ART. 11, SECS. 196-199. having been tested and compared with the official clinical thermometer maintained by the Department of Health and certified to and corrected by the United States Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of Standards. A clinical thermometer, as herein defined, shall be deemed inaccurate : (1) If, when tested with a standard clinical thermometer, the mercury fails to register within plus or minus two-tenths (0.2) of a degree Fahrenheit, or its equivalent on the centigrade scale, of the mercury in a standard clinical thermometer when compared at ninety-six (96), one hundred (100), one hundred and four (104) and one hundred and six (106) degrees Fahrenheit, respectively, or their equivalents on the centigrade scale, or if, when so tested, a variance is found to exist in excess of three-tenths (0.3) of a degree Fahrenheit, or its equivalent on the centigrade scale, between any of the points compared ; (2) If the mercury column, by reason of its own weight, or for any reason other than through the application of force, retreats in the tube at any point in the scale; (3) If its scale fails to show accurately, clearly and legibly, graduation lines and numbers from ninety-six (96) to one hundred and six (106) degrees Fahrenheit, or their equivalents on the centigrade scale ; (4) If the maker’s name or trade mark is not clearly and legibly engraved thereon, or where the trade mark appears thereon, such trade mark has not been filed with the Department of Health. The provisions of this section shall take effect on the 1st day of October, 1920. (As adopted by the Board of Health, July 29, 1920.) ARTICLE 11. Midwifery and Care of Children. Section 196. Practice of midwifery regulated. 197. Board and care of children regulated. 198. Day nurseries ; conduct thereof regulated. 199. Vaccination; duties of parents, guardians, and others. 200. Physical care of school children. §196. Practice of midwifery regulated. No person, other than a duly licensed physician, shall practice midwifery in the city of New York without a permit therefor issued by the board of health, or other- wise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board. (S. C, §184.) §197. Board and care of children regulated. No person, other than a superintendent of the poor, a superintendent of almshouses, or an institution duly incorporated for the purpose, shall receive, board or keep, except under legal commitment, any nursing child, or any child under the age of 12 years, who is not a relative, pupil, or ward, or an apprentice, of such person, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health, or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board. (S. C., §191A §198. Day nurseries; conduct thereof regulated. No day nursery shall be conducted in the city of New York without a permit therefor issued by the board of health, or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board. (S. C., §25.) §199. Vaccination; duties of parents, guardians, and others. Every person, being the parent or guardian, or haying the care, custody, or con- trol, of any minor, or other individual, shall (to the extent of any means, powers, and authority of said parent, guardian, or other person that could properly be used or 404 SANITARY CODE. exerted for such purpose) cause such minor or individual to be so promptly, fre- quently, and effectively vaccinated that such minor or individual shall not take, or be liable to take the small-pox. (S. C, §147.) §200. Physical care of school children. A health certificate, prepared in accordance with the regulations of the depart- ment of health and signed by a duly licensed physician authorized to practice medi- cine in the state of New York, shall be furnished by each pupil at the time of his or her admission to a public or other free school supported in whole or in part by funds obtained from direct taxation. If any such pupil shall not present a health certificate, as required herein, the principal or teacher in charge of the school shall cause a notice to be promptly sent to the parent, guardian, or other person having the care, custody, or control of such pupil to the effect that, if the required health certificate be not presented within 10 days thereafter, a physical examination of such pupil will be made bv a medical inspector of the department of health. Every principal or teacher, in charge of a public or other free school supported in whole or in part by funds obtained from direct taxation, shall report to the medical inspector of the department of health having jurisdiction over the health of the pupils in such school the names of all pupils who shall not have furnished such health cer- tificate within 10 days following the date of the sending of such notice. ARTICLE 12. Miscellaneous Provisions. Section 211. 212 . Discharge of dense smoke prohibited. Nuisance caused by the discharge or escape of cinders, dust, gas, steam, or offensive or noisome, odors prohibited. 213. Spitting forbidden. 214. Use of common towels prohibited. 215. Noise from animals and birds prohibited. 216. Smoking in subway prohibited. 217. Establishment and maintenance of tents and camps regulated. 218. Physicians required to register in the department of health. 219. Nurses. 220. Hospitals ; permit required ; exception. 222. Schools; permits required. 223. Dispensaries, communicable disease; regulations. 224. Punishment for violation of the Sanitary Code. 225. Heating of occupied buildings. 226. Persons to protect nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing. 227. Dogs to be controlled so as not to commit nuisances. 228. Noise from bells, gongs, etc., prohibited. 229. Automobiles and other motor vehicles; loud and expl6sive noises prohibited. 230. The manufacture and sale of hair brushes and hair cloth. §211. Discharge of dense smoke prohibited. No person shall cause, suffer or allow dense smoke to be discharged from any building, vessel, stationary or locomotive engine or motor vehicle, place or premises within the city of New York or upon the waters adjacent thereto, within the juris- diction of said city. All persons participating in any violation of this provision, either as proprietors, owners, tenants, managers, superintendents, captains, engineers, fire- men or motor vehicle operators or otherwise, shall be severallv liable therefor. (S. C., §181.) 405 CHAP. 20, ART. 12, SECS. 212-214. §212. Nuisance caused by the discharge or escape of cinders, dust, gas, steam, or offensive or noisome odors prohibited. The owners, lessees, tenants, occupants and managers of every building, vessel or place, in or upon which a locomotive or stationary engine, furnace or boilers are used, shall cause all ashes, cinders, rubbish, dirt and refuse to be removed to some proper place so that the same shall not accumulate, nor shall any person cause, suffer or allow cinders, dust, gas, steam, or offensive or noisome odors to escape or be dis- charged from any such building, vessel or place, to the detriment or annoyance of any person or persons not being therein or thereupon engaged. (S. C. §96.1 §213. Spitting forbidden. Spitting upon the sidewalk of any public street, avenue, park, public square, or place in the city of New York, or upon the floor of any hall in any tenement house which is used in common by the tenants thereof, or upon the floor of any hall or office in any hotel or lodging house which is used in common by the guests thereof, or upon the floor of any theatre, store, factory, or of any building -v^hich is used in common by the public, or upon the floor of any ferryboat, railroad car, or other public convey- ance, or upon the floor of any ferryhouse, depot, or station, or upon the station plat- form or stairs of any elevated or subway railroad or other common carrier, or upon the tracks or roadbed, or into the street from the cars, stairs, or platforms of such elevated or subway railroads, is forbidden. The corporations or persons owning or having the management or control of any such building, store, factory, ferryboat, railroad car, or other public conveyance, ferryhouse, depot or station, or station platform or stairs of any such building, store, factory, ferryboat, railroad car, or other public conveyance, ferryhouse, depot or station, or station platform or stairs of any elevated or subway railroad or other common carrier, shall keep permanently and conspicuously posted in each of said places a sufficient number of notices forbidding spitting upon the floors and calling attention to the provisions of this section. It shall be the duty of every owner, lessee, or manager of every factory, work- room, store, office, or place of business, in which ten or more persons are employed, to provide proper receptacles for expectoration. Such receptacles are to be provided in the proportion of one for every two persons so employed, and they are to be cleansed and disinfected at least once in every twenty-four hours. A copy of the preceding paragraph shall be kept posted in a conspicuous place in every such factory, workroom, store, office, or place of business. (S. C., §178.) (As amended by the Board of Health, Oct. 15, 1918.) §214. Use of common towels prohibited. No person, firm, or corporation having the management and control of any public lavatory, public washroom, or public comfort station shall maintain in or about such lavatory, washroom, or public comfort station, any towel or towels for use in common. The terms “public lavatory,” “public washroom,” and “public comfort stations,” as used herein, shall be construed to mean and include any such place when belonging to or provided in connection with a railroad station, ferryhouse, school, hotel, theatre, concert hall, dance hall, department store, cafe, restaurant, or a beer, wine, or liquoi saloon. The term “for use in common,” as employed herein, shall be construed to mean, for the use of or intended to be used by, more than 1 person. The term “department store,” as used herein, shall be construed to mean and include any place where goods, wares, or merchandise are offered for sale, when per- sons entering such place are given and allowed access to a lavatory or washroom, or comfort station, maintained on or in connection with the store premises. The term “corporation” as used herein shall be construed to mean and include a municipal corporation. (S. C., §190.) 406 SANITARY CODE. §215. Noise from animals and birds prohibited. No person owning, occupying, or having charge of any building or premises, shall keep or allow thereon or therein any animal or bird, which shall by noise disturb the quiet or repose of any person therein or in the vicinity, to the detriment of the life or health of such person. (S. C., §187.) §216. Smoking in subway prohibited. Smoking or carrying any lighted cigar, cigarette, or pipe, in or on any stairway, platform, station, or car, of any railway running underneath the ground surface, is hereby prohibited. (S. C, §187.) §217. Establishment and maintenance of tents and camps regulated. No tent shall be raised or erected or any camp established, in the city of New York, to be used or occupied by any persons as a place for living or sleeping, nor shall any such tent or camp be so used or occupied without a permit therefor issued by the board of health, or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board. (S. C., §186.) §218. Physicians required to register in the department of health. Every physician practicing in the city of New York shall register his or her name and address, and every change of address, in the office of the bureau of records of the department of health. (S. C., §160.) §219. Nurses. No person, other than one who shall have received from the regents of the Uni- versity of the State of New York a certificate of his or her qualifications to practice as a registered nurse, shall assume the title, registered nurse, or use the abbreviation, R. N., or any other letters or words or figures, to indicate that such person is a registered nurse. No person, other than one who shall have graduated, after a course of training of not less than 2 years’ duration, from a hospital training school for nurses, shall practice as or hold himself or herself out to be or be by anyone held out or repre- sented to be a trained, graduate or certified nurse, or use any letters, words, figures or device to indicate that such person is a trained, graduate or certified nurse. (As amended by resolution of board of health, adopted March 30, 1915; filed with the city clerk, April 13, 1915.) §220. Hospitals; permit required; exceptions. No person, persons, or corporation, other than those specifically authorized by law, shall conduct or maintain any public or private hospital or institution wherein human beings may be treated or cared for by a physician or midwife, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board. (S. C., §184.) §222. Schools; permits required. No school for children, other than those under the jurisdiction of the department of education of the city of New York, shall be established or maintained in the city of New York without a permit therefor, issued by the board of health, or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and the regulations of said board. For the purposes of this section, the terms “children” shall be taken to mean and include all human beings under 16 years of age. The provisions of this section shall take effect September 1, 1916. (Added December 21, 1915.) §223. Dispensaries — communicable disease ; regulations. No public dispensary where communicable diseases are treated or diagnosed shall be conducted or maintained otherwise than in accordance with the regulations of the board of health. (As adopted by the Board of Health, June 28, 2917.) 407 CHAP. 20, ART. 12, SECS. 224-227. §224. Punishment for violation of the Sanitary Code. Any violation of the Sanitary Code of the board of health of the department of health of the city of New York shall be punished in the manner prescribed by sections 1740 and 1937 of the penal law of the State of New York, and sections 1172, 1222 and 1262 of the Greater New York Charter. (As adopted by the Board of Health, May 21, 1918.) §225. Heating of occupied buildings. It shall be the duty of every person who shall have contracted or undertaken, or shall be bound, to heat, or to furnish heat for any building or portion thereof, occupied as a home or place of residence of one or more persons, or as a business establish- ment where one or more persons are employed, to heat, or to furnish heat for every occupied room in such building, or portion thereof, so that a minimum temperature of sixty-eight (68) degrees Fahrenheit may be maintained therein at all such times. Provided, however, the provisions of this section shall not apply to buildings, or portions thereof, used and occupied for trades, businesses, or occupations where high or low temperatures are essential and unavoidable. For the purpose of this section, wherever a building is heated by means of a furnace, boiler, or other apparatus under the control of the owner, agent, or lessee of such building, such owner, agent, or lessee, in the absence of a contract or agree- ment to the contrary, shall be deemed to have contracted, undertaken, or bound him- self or herself to furnish heat in accordance with the provisions of this section. The term “ at all such times ” as used in this section, unless otherwise provided by a contract or agreement, shall include the time between the hours of 6 A. M. and 10 P. M. in a building, or portion thereof, occupied as a home or place of residence, and during the usual working hours established and maintained in a building, or portion thereof, occupied as a business establishment, of each day whenever the outer or street temperature shall fall below fifty (50) degrees Fahrenheit. The term “ contract ” as used in this section shall be taken to mean and include a written or verbal contract. (As adopted by the Board of Health Oct. 17, 1918, and Amended Dec. 11, 1919.) §226. Persons to protect nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing. In order to prevent the conveyance of infective material to others, all persons shall, when coughing or sneezing, properly cover the nose and mouth with an hand- kerchief or other protective substance. (As adopted by the Board of Health, Oct. 17, 1918.) §227. Dogs to be controlled so as not to commit nuisances. No person having the right and ability to prevent shall, knowingly, or carelessly or negligently, permit any dog or other animal to commit any nuisance upon any sidewalk of any public street, avenue, park, public square, or place in the city of New York; or upon the floor of any hall of any tenement house which is used in common by the tenants thereof ; or upon the fences of any premises, or the walls or stairways of any building, abutting on a public street, avenue, park, public square, or place; or upon the floor of any theatre, store, factory, or any building which is used in common by the public, including all public rooms or places therewith connected ; or upon the floor of any ferry house, depot, or station ; or upon the station platform or stairs of any railroad or other common carrier; or upon the roof of any tenement house used in common by the tenants thereof ; or upon the floor of any hall, stairway, or office of any hotel or lodging house which is used in common by the guests thereof ; nor shall any such person omit to do any reasonable and proper act, or take any reasonable and proper precaution, to prevent any such dog or other animal from com- mitting such a nuisance in, on, or upon, any of the places or premises herein specified. (As adopted by the Board of Health, Nov. 4, 1918.) 408 SANITARY CODE. §228. Noise from bells, gongs, etc., prohibited. No person shall cause, suffer or allow to be attached to, or maintained in or upon any building or premises any bell or gong, which shall by noise disturb the quiet or repose of persons in the vicinity thereof, to the detriment of the repose or health of such persons. All persons participating in the violation of this provision, either as proprietors, owners, tenants, managers or superintendent of such building or premises, or licensees or licensors of such electric bell or gong, or otherwise, shall be liable therefor. (As- adopted by the Board of Health, August 20, 1919.) §229. Automobiles and other motor vehicles; loud and explosive noises pro- hibited. Every automobile or other vehicle equipped with a gasoline or other internal combustion engine in which a gas is generated or used for the purpose of propulsion, shall be constructed so that the exhaust from such engine is made to discharge into a muffler or other device which will prevent loud or explosive noises; and no person having the management and control of any such automobile or vehicle, or operating the engine thereof, shall cause, permit, suffer or allow the exhaust from such engine to discharge into the open air, or otherwise than into a muffler or other device which would prevent loud or explosive noises. (As adopted by the Board of Health, Dec. 17, 1919.) §230. The manufacture and sale of hair brushes and hair cloth. No person shall use in the manufacture of brushes or cloth, any animal hair which has not been sterilized by a process prescribed or approved by the Board of Health ; nor shall any person bring into, or offer for sale, sell, or deliver in the City of New York, any brush or cloth containing animal hair unless the same shall have been so sterilized. It shall be the duty of the manufacturer of shaving brushes, tooth brushes, hair brushes, nail brushes, or other toilet brushes intended for human use, to cause his name or trade mark, the place of manufacture, and the word STERILIZED to be permanently, clearly and legibly painted or branded upon every such brush before offering for sale, selling, or delivering the same in the City of New York. Provided, however, the word STERILIZED shall not be painted or branded upon any such brush unless the animal hair used in the manufacture thereof shall have been sterilized by a process prescribed or approved by the Board of Health. No person shall sell, offer for sale, or deliver, or have in his possession with intent to sell, offer for sale, or deliver in the City of New York, any shaving brush, tooth brush, hair brush, nail brush, or other toilet brush intended for human use, containing animal hair, unless the name or trade mark of the manufacturer, place of manufacture, and the word STERILIZED is permanently, clearly and legibly painted or branded thereon. The provisions of this Section shall take effect the 1st day of July, 1920, but shall not apply to brushes in stock on the 16th day of June, 1920, in the hands of dealers which have not been labeled or branded as hereinbefore required. (As adopted by Board of Health June 16, 1920.) ARTICLE 13. Offensive Materials. Section 231. Offensive water or other liquid or substance; not permitted on premises or grounds. 232. Offensive matter or substances; accumulation thereof not to be dis- turbed in certain periods of year ; permit required. 233. Stinking, noxious liquids ; not to fall into or upon any public place. 409 CHAP. 20 , ART. 13, SECS. 231, 232. Section 234. Blood, butcher’s offal or garbage, dead animals, and putrid or stink- ing animal or vegetable matter; disposal restricted. 235. Contents of vaults, privies, cisterns, cesspools, and sinks ; creation of nuisances prohibited. 236. Disinfection and removal of contents of sinks, privies, vaults, and all other noxious substances. 237. Vaults, sinks, privies, and cesspools; use thereof limited. 238. Transportation of garbage on boats and scows to Barren Island regu- lated. 239. Transportation of offal and butcher’s refuse regulated. 240. Transportation of manure, swill, ashes, garbage, and offal regulated. 241. Collection and transportation of bones, refuse, and offensive ma- terials regulated. 242. Accumulations of manure, offal, garbage, and other offensive and nauseous substances ; retention and disposal regulated. 243. Removal of dead or diseased animals and filthy, offensive, and noxious substances regulated. 244. Carts, vehicles, and implements to be kept in an inoffensive and sanitary condition; use of same regulated. 245. Ships, boats, and other vessels ; not allowed at dock or pier unless permitted. 246. The use of docks, piers, and bulkheads regulated. 247. Refuse from oyster-houses, oyster-saloons, and other premises; method of disposal of refuse regulated ; nuisances prohibited. 248. Ashes, garbage, and liquid substances ; separate receptacles to be pro- vided ; duties of owners, lessees, and agents ; removal ; special provisions applicable to borough of Richmond. 249. Receptacles for ashes, garbage, and liquid substances not to be inter- fered with or contents disturbed. 250. Ashes, garbage, and rubbish; method of removal regulated. 251. Vacant lots; accumulation of water thereon prohibited; fence to be provided, if sunken ; throwing and depositing offensive material into such lots prohibited. 252. Filling in land; offensive and unwholesome materials not to be used; the use of street sweeping for filling in purposes forbidden. 253. Lime, ashes, coal, dry sand, hair, feathers, like substances, and other materials not to be sieved, agitated, or exposed. §231. Offensive water or other liquid or substance; not permitted on premises or grounds. No person or corporation shall permit or have any offensive water or other liquid or substance on his, her, or its, premises or grounds to the prejudice of life or health, whether for use in any trade or otherwise. (S. C., §88.) §232. Offensive matter or substances; accumulations thereof not to be dis- turbed in certain periods of year; permit required. No ground or material filled with or containing offensive matter or substance, or that will emit or allow to arise through or from the same any offensive smell or deleterious exhalation, shall (adjacent to or within the built-up portion of the city of New York) be opened or turned up, nor shall the surface thereof be removed, between the first day of May and the first day of October of any year, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board. (S. C., §99.) 410 SANITARY CODE . §233. Stinking, noxious liquids; not to fall into or upon any public place. No swill, brine, urine of animals, or other offensive animal matter, or any stinking or noxious liquid, or other filthy matter of any kind, shall by any person be allowed to run or fall into or upon any street or public place, or be taken or put therein. (S. C., § 102 .) §234. Blood, butcher’s offal or garbage, dead animals, and putrid or stinking animal or vegetable matter; disposal restricted. No blood, butcher’s offal or garbage, or any dead animal, or any putrid or stinking animal or vegetable matter, shall be thrown by any person or allowed to go into any street, place, sewer, or receiving basin, any river or standing or running water, or ex- cavation, or any ground or premises in the built-up portions of the. City. (S. C., §103.) §235. Contents of vaults, privies, cisterns, cesspools, and sinks; creation of nuisances prohibited. No person shall deposit, or allow to run or go into or remain in any street or other public place in the city of New York, or deposit, or allow to run or go (except through the proper underground sewers) into any river or other body of water within the territorial limits of the said city, the contents (or any part thereof) of any vault, privy, cistern, cesspool, or sink; nor shall any owner, tenant, or occupant, of any building to which any vault, sink, privy, or cesspool shall pertain or be attached, permit the con- tents, or any part thereof, to flow therefrom or to rise within 2 feet of any part of the top thereof, or said contents to become offensive ; nor shall any vault, privy, cistern, cesspool, or sink be filled or covered with dirt until it shall have been emptied of its filthy contents. (S. C., §104.) §236. Disinfection and removal of contents of sinks, privies, vaults, and all other noxious substances. All putrid or offensive matter, all night soil, the contents of all sinks, privies, vaults, and cesspools, and all noxious substances, shall, before their removal or ex- posure, be disinfected and rendered inoffensive by the owner, lessee, or occupant of the premises where the same may be, or by the person or contractor who removes or is about to remove the same; and no part of the contents of any vault, privy, sink, or cesspool shall be removed without a permit therefor issued by the board of health, or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board. (S. C, §122.) §237. Vaults, sinks, privies, and cesspools; use thereof limited. No person shall throw or deposit into any vault, sink, privy, or cesspool, any offal, ashes, meat, fish, garbage, or other substance except that of which any such place is the appropriate receptacle. (S. C, §105.) §238. Transportation of garbage on boats and scows to Barren Island regu- lated. No boat, scow, or other receptacle, used in transporting garbage to Barren Island or the place of disposal shall be permitted to remain moored or be at any dock, wharf, or place, within the limits of the city of New York, for a longer period than 24 hours from the time when garbage is first delivered or placed thereon. Garbage shall be received on and transported in such boat, scow, or other receptacle in a manner approved by the board of health and not otherwise. (S. C., §123.) §239. Transportation of offal and butcher’s refuse regulated. No offal or butcher’s refuse or garbage shall be conveyed through any street or avenue or over any ferry in the city of New York without a permit therefor issued 411 CHAP. 20, ART. 12, SECS. 240-242. by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board. No offal or butcher’s refuse shall be brought into the city of New York. (S. C., §87.) §240. Transportation of manure, swill, ashes, garbage, and offal regulated. No person shall engage in the business of transporting manure, swill, ashes, garbage, offal, or any offensive or noxious substance, or drive any cart for such pur- pose, in the city of New York, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regula- tions of said board. (S. C., §119.) §241. Collection and transportation of bones, refuse, and offensive materials regulated. No person shall gather, collect, accumulate, store, expose, carry, or transport in any manner through any street or public place, or into any building or cellar, in the city of New York, any bones, refuse, or offensive material without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board. (S. C, §101.) §242. Accumulations of manure, offal, garbage, and other offensive and nauseous substances; retention and disposal regulated. No pile, deposit, or accumulation of manure, offal, dirt, or garbage, or any offensive or nauseous substance, shall be made within the built-up portion of the city of New York, or on or upon the piers, docks, or bulkheads adjacent thereto, or on or upon any vessel, boat or scow, lying at such pier, wharf or bulkhead; nor shall such pile deposit, or accumulation be made anywhere in said city within 300 feet of any church or place of worship, or inhabited dwelling, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board ; and no person shall contribute to the making of any such pile, deposit, or accumulation without such a permit or otherwise than in ac- cordance with the terms of such permit and the regulations of said board ; nor shall any car loaded with or having in or on it any such substance or substances be allowed to remain or stand on any railroad track, street, or highway, within 300 feet of any inhabited dwelling, or elsewhere in said city, nor shall any vessel, boat, scow, or float, loaded with any such substance or substances be allowed to remain at any pier, dock, or bulkhead in said city, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regu- ations of said board; and no manure, garbage, or other material that is liable to emit an offensive exhalation shall, in or adjacent to the built-up portions of the city of New York, be turned or stirred, except in its removal, in such a way as to increase such ex- halations by reason thereof; nor shall any straw, hay, or other substance which has been used as bedding for animals, be placed or dried upon any street or sidewalk, or roof of any building; nor shall any such straw, hay, or other substance, or the contents of any mattress or bed, be deposited or burnt without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board. (S. C., §111.) §243. Removal of dead or diseased animals and filthy, offensive, and noxious substances regulated. It shall be the duty of every person (his agent and employees) who has con- tracted or undertaken to remove any diseased or dead animals, offal, rubbish, garbage, dirt, street-sweepings, night soil, or other filthy, offensive, or noxious substance, or is engaged in any such removal, or in loading or unloading any such substance, to do the 412 SANITARY CODE . same with dispatch, and, in every particular, in as cleanly and inoffensive a manner, and with as little danger and prejudice to life and health as possible, and no matter or material shall lie piled up, or partially raked together, in any street or place, before the removal thereof, more than a reasonable time, or for more than 4 hours, under any circumstances, in the day time. (S. C., §114.) §244. Carts, vehicles, and implements to be kept in an inoffensive and sani- tary condition; use of same regulated. No cart or other vehicle used for carrying or containing any manure, swill, garbage, offal, or rubbish, or other nauseous or offensive substance, or the contents of any privy, vault, cesspool, or sink, shall, without necessity therefor, be allowed to stand or remain before or near any building place of business, or other premises, where any person may be ; nor shall the loading or unloading of any such cart or vehicle or the conveying thereof through any street, place, or premises consume an unreasonable period of time. Such carts, vehicles, and all implements used in connec- tion therewith must be kept in an inoffensive and sanitary condition, and, when not in use, shall be stored and kept in some place where no needless offense shall be given to any of the people of the city of New York. (S. C., §120.) §245. Ships, boats, and other vessels; not allowed at dock or pier unless per- mitted. No ship, boat, or other vessel shall be taken or allowed by any person to come into, or lay at or within, any dock, pier, bulkhead, or slip, for the purpose of the ship- ment or removal of any offal, garbage, rubbish, blood, or offensive animal or vegetable matter, dirt, or dead animals, or for the use of any contractor for the removal of any of the foregoing substances, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board. (S. C., §115.) §246. The use of docks, piers, and bulkheads regulated. No person shall obstruct, delay, or interfere with the proper and ready use, for the purposes for which they may be and should be set apart and devoted, of any dock, pier, or bulkhead by any contract or person engaged in removing any offal, garbage, rubbish, dirt, dead animal, night soil, or other like substances, or with the proper performance of such contracts. (S. C., §113.) §247. Refuse from oyster=houses, oyster-saloons, and other premises; method of disposal of refuse regulated; nuisances prohibited. Every proprietor, lessee, tenant, and occupant of any oyster-house, oyster-saloon, or other premises where any oysters, clams, lobsters, or shell or other fish are con- sumed, used, or sold, or where any of the refuse matter, offal, or shells thereof accumulate, shall daily cause all such shells, offal, and refuse matter to be removed therefrom to some proper place, and shall keep such house, saloon, or premises at all times free from any offensive smells or accumulations. (S. C., §112.) §248. Ashes, garbage, and liquid substances; separate receptacles to be pro- vided; duties of owners, lessees, and agents; removal; special pro- visions applicable to borough of Richmond. It shall be the duty of every owner, tenant, lessee, occupant, or person in charge of any and every building in the built-up and generally built-up parts of the city of New York, from which the city of New York removes ashes, garbage, rubbish, or refuse, to provide or cause to be provided, forthwith, and at all times thereafter to 413 CHAP. 20, ART. 13, SEC. 248. keep and provide or cause to be kept and provided, within and for the exclusive use of such building, or the part thereof to which reference is hereinafter made, separate receptacles, made of metal, for holding, respectively, without leakage, all ashes, gar- bage, and liquid waste substance, that may accumulate, during 60 consecutive hours, in or through the use of such building, or the part thereof of which such person may be the owner, tenant, lessee, occupant, or in charge. And it shall be the duty of every owner, tenant, lessee, occupant, or person in charge of any such building to cause to be separated and put into their respective receptacles all such materials and substances ; but no such receptacle shall be filled to a greater height than a line within such receptacle 4 inches from the top thereof, nor shall any such receptacle, when so filled, contain more than 2 cubic feet of material, nor weigh more than 100 pounds; and every such receptacle shall be kept at all times, in a condition satisfactory to the street cleaning department or the department of health. And all such receptacles shall be kept within the building, or in the rear premises therewith connected, until the time for the removal of such ashes, garbage, or liquid waste substances, when such receptacles shall be placed in the area, or within the fence or other enclosure, in front of such .building, or, if there be no area, or fence or other enclosure, such receptacles shall be placed on the sidewalk close to such building ; all such receptacles shall remain so placed until the contents thereof shall have been removed by the street cleaning department, immediately after which, such receptacles shall be returned to such building, or to the rear premises therewith connected ; and every receptacle containing garbage or liquid waste substance, when outside of such building, shall be kept, at all times, covered with a tight-fitting cover. And newspapers, wrapping paper, and all other light refuse and rubbish likely to be blown or scattered about the streets, shall be securely bundled, tied, or packed, before being placed for removal; and such newspapers, wrapping paper, and other light refuse and rubbish, as well as all other refuse and rubbish, shall be kept within the building, or in the rear premises therewith connected, until the time for the removal thereof, when they shall be placed as the receptacles hereinbefore mentioned are required, by the provisions of this section, to be placed. No such receptacle and no such refuse or rubbish shall, however, be so placed as to constitute or contribute to the creation of a nuisance ; and no yard sweepings, hedge cuttings, grass, leaves, earth, stone, bricks, or business waste shall be mixed with household waste. Accumulations of household ashes, garbage, refuse or rubbish, resulting from the failure to take advantage of the regular collection service, shall be removed at the expense of the person or persons concerned. It shall, however, be the duty of every owner, tenant, lessee, occupant, or person in charge of every building in the built-up and generally built-up parts of the city of New York, not included within the foregoing provisions of this section, to observe the requirements of the said provisions, except that such owner, tenant, lessee, occupant, or person shall cause all ashes, garbage, liquid waste, rubbish, and refuse to be daily removed therefrom. The foregoing provisions shall apply to the built-up and generally built-up parts of the city of New York except as follows: In the borough of Richmond, ashes from house furnaces shall be kept apart from the remainder of the household waste and be kept in a receptacle or in receptacles, made of metal, which shall be used only for holding such ashes ; and the remainder of the household waste, including garbage, kitchen ashes, sweepings, soiled paper, refuse, and rubbish, shall be placed in another metal receptacle, or in other metal receptacles, which, when outside of a building, shall be kept covered with a tight fitting cover. (S. C., §108.) 414 SANITARY CODE. §249. Receptacles for ashes, garbage, and liquid substances not to be inter- fered with or contents disturbed. No person, not for that purpose authorized, shall interfere with the receptacles for ashes, garbage, or liquid substances, as provided in accordance with §248 of the sanitary code, or with the contents thereof ; nor shall any person in any way handle or disturb such contents. (S. C., §109.) §250. Ashes, garbage, and rubbish; method of removal regulated. All occupants so preferring may deliver their ashes, garbage, refuse, and rubbish directly to the proper carts, to be taken away at any hour of the day when said carts may be present, and said carts may take such articles and substances at any such hour; provided that such garbage, refuse, or rubbish be not highly filthy or offensive. In the latter case, the same shall not be so delivered or received during the period beginning at 7 o’clock a. m., of any day and ending at 10 o’clock of the evening of the same day. (S. C., §110.) §251. Vacant lots; accumulation of water thereon prohibited; fence to be provided, if sunken; throwing and depositing offensive material into such lots prohibited. It shall be the duty of every owner, lessee, contractor, or other person having the management or control of any lot or parcel of land in the city of New York, to keep and preserve the same, at all times, clean and inoffensive, and to prevent the gathering or collecting of water thereon ; and to provide and maintain around or in front of any lot which is sunken excavated, or below the grade of the sidewalk adjacent thereto, a proper fence to protect persons from falling into such lot. No person shall throw or deposit into or upon any lot any garbage, refuse, or other offensive material. (S. G, §116.) §252. Filling in land; offensive and unwholesome materials not to be used; the use of street sweepings for filling=in purposes forbidden. No person shall fill in any land under or above water within the limits of the city of New York, or any of the islands situated within such limits, with garbage, dead animals or any parts thereof, decaying matter, or any offensive and unwholesome material, or with dirt, ashes, or other refuse, when mixed with such garbage, dead animals or parts thereof, decaying matter, or offensive and unwholesome material. No street sweepings shall be deposited or used to fill up or raise the surface or level of any lot, grounds, dock, wharf or pier, in or adjacent to the built-up portions of the City of New York, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board. (S. C., §98.) §253. Lime, ashes, coal, dry sand, hair, feathers, and like substances, and other materials not to be sieved, agitated, or exposed. No lime, ashes, coal, dry sand, hair, feathers, or other substance that is in a similar manner liable to be blown by the wind, shall be sieved, agitated, or exposed, nor shall any mat, carpet, or cloth be shaken or beaten, nor shall any cloth, yarn, gar- ment, material, or substance be scoured, cleaned, or hung, nor shall any rugs, damaged merchandise, barrels, boxes, or broken bales of merchandise or goods, be placed, kept, or exposed in any place where they or particles therefrom will pass into any street or public place, or into any occupied premises ; nor shall any usual or any reasonable precautions be omitted by any person to prevent fragments or other substances from falling, to the detriment or peril of life or health, or dust or light material flying into any street, place, or building, from any building or erection, while the same is being altered, repaired, or demolished or otherwise. (S. G, §118.) 415 CHAP. 20, ART. 14, SECS. 271-272. ARTICLE 14. Section 271. 272. 273. 274. 275. 276. 277. 278. 279. 280. 281. 282. 283. 284. 285. 286. 287. Plumbing, Drainage and Sewerage. Drainage; duties of owners, lessees, tenants, and occupants of buildings and premises. Drainage of marsh land. Sewers ; to be adequately flushed ; duties of boards, departments, officers and persons. Sewage, drainage, factory refuse, and foul offensive liquid or other material; disposal thereof, regulated and restricted. Change in drainage, sewage, and sewer connection affecting other premises regulated. Drains, soil-pipes, passages, or connections between sewers and build- ings ; to be adequate. Plumbing; to be kept in good order and repair. Plumbing fixtures ; to be separately trapped. Drain, soil, and waste pipes, joints and connections. Drain pipes from refrigerators; to discharge into open sink; dis- charge from overflow pipe regulated. Waste, soil, and vent pipes ; to be constructed and located so as not to contribute to the creation of a nuisance. Ventilation of sewers and plumbing. Rain water leaders and gutters ; use restricted ; to be sound, tight and adequate. Privies and water closets; maintenance. Temporary privies; to be provided during construction work. Privies to be screened to prevent access of flies. Privy vaults and cesspools ; construction. §271. Drainage; duties of owners, lessees, tenants, and occupants of buildings and premises. No person, being owner, lessee, tenant, or occupant of any building or premises, shall allow any water or other liquid to run from or out of such building or premises upon or across any sidewalk or curbstone, and no such substance shall be allowed to pass into any street except by means of a passage constructed under or through, which passage must be kept at all times adequate and in repair; and no water or other liquid, or ice therefrom, shall be allowed to gather or remain on the upper surface of such curb, flag-stone, or passage; nor shall any such person allow any accumulation of such water or liquid, or the ice therefrom, upon any street or place, but shall at all times cause the same to be removed or to pass along the gutter or some proper passage to one of the rivers or into a sewer. (S. C., §40.) §272. Drainage of marsh land. It shall be the duty of every owner, lessee, agent, contractor, or other person having the management or control of any salt marsh land, inland swamp, sunken lot, abandoned excavation, or any other place wherein or whereon either salt or fresh water becomes stagnant and in which said stagnant water mosquitoes are bred and developed, to fill in or drain the same, or employ such other methods as will prevent at all time.; the breeding of mosquitoes in or on such places. §273. Sewers; to be adequately flushed; duties of boards, departments, officers, and persons. It shall be the duty of all boards, departments, officers, and persons having power and authority so to do or require (and to the extent thereof) to cause sufficient water to be used, and other adequate means to be taken, so that whatever substances may 416 SANITARY CODE. enter any sewer shall pass speedily along and from the same and sufficiently far into some water or proper reservoir, in order that no accumulations shall take place there- in, and no exhalations proceed therefrom, dangerous or prejudicial to life or health. (S. C., §28.) §274. Sewage, drainage, factory refuse, and foul or offensive liquid or other material; disposal thereof regulated and restricted. No person, persons, company, or corporation shall cause, permit, or allow any sewage, drainage, factory refuse, or any foul or offensive liquid or other material to flow, leak, escape, or be emptied or discharged, into the waters of any river, stream, canal, harbor, bay, or estuary, or into the sea, within the limits of the city of New York, excepting under low-water mark, and in such manner and under such conditions that no nuisance can or shall be caused thereby or a? a result thereof. (S. C., §38.) §275. Change in drainage, sewerage, and sewer connection affecting other premises regulated. No change shall be made in the drainage, sewerage, or the sewer connection of any house or premises, involving changes in the drainage, sewerage, or sewer con- nection of any other house or premises, unless at least 30 days’ notice thereof in writing shall have been previously given to this department, and to the owner or occupant of the premises affected by such change. (S. C., §27.) §276. Drains, soil-pipes, passages, or connections between sewers and build- ings; to be adequate. Every person using, making, or having any drain, soil-pipe, passage, or connec- tion between any sewer (or any river or other body of water) and any ground, building, erection, or place of business, every owner or tenant of any such ground, building, or erection or place of business, and every person, board, department, or officer occupying or interested in, any such ground, building, erection, or place of business, shall, to the extent of the right and authority of each, cause and require such drain, soil-pipe, passage, or connection to be at all times adequate for the pur- pose of conveying and allowing, freely and entirely, to pass whatever enters or should enter the same. (S C, §27.) §277. Plumbing; to be kept in good order and repair. All house drains, house sewers, waste and soil pipes, traps, and water and gas pipes, in any building or premises shall at all times be kept in good order and repair, so that no gases or odors shall escape therefrom and so that the same shall not leak; and all vent pipes shall be kept in good order and repair and free from obstructions. (S. G, §32.) §278. Plumbing fixtures; to be separately trapped. Every water-closet, urinal, sink, basin, wash-tray, and bath, and every tub or set of tubs and hydrant waste pipe, must be separately and effectively trapped, ex- cept where a sink and wash tubs immediately adjoin each other, in which case the waste pipe from the tubs may be connected with the inlet side of the sink trap. Traps must be placed as near the fixtures as practicable, and in no case shall a trap be more than 2 feet from the fixture. In no case shall the waste from a bath tub or other fixture be connected with a water-closet trap, nor shall any trap vent pipe be used as a waste or soil pipe. (S. C., §33.) §279. Drain, soil, and waste pipes; joints and connections. All joints in cast iron drain, soil, and waste pipes must be filled with oakum and lead and be hand caulked, so as to make them gas-tight. All connections of lead with iron pipes must be made with a brass sleeve or ferrule of the same size as the lead pipe, put into the hub of the branch of the iron pipe, and caulked with lead; 417 CHAP. 20, ART. 14, SECS. 280-285. and the lead pipe must be attached to the sleeve or ferrule by a wiped or overcast joint. All connections of lead waste and vent pipes shall be made by means of wiped joints, and all connections of galvanized wrought iron pipe shall be made with screw joints. (S. G, §31.) §280. Drain pipes from refrigerators; to discharge into open sink; discharge from overflow pipe regulated. No drain pipe from a refrigerator shall be connected with the soil or waste pipe, but it shall discharge into a properly trapped, sewer-connected, water-supplied, open sink. No overflow pipe from a tank shall discharge into any soil or waste pipe, or water-closet trap, or into the drain or sewer, but it may discharge upon the roof or into an open water-supplied tank. (S. C, §34.) §281. Waste, soil, and vent pipes; to be constructed and located so as not to contribute to the creation of a nuisance. All waste, soil, and vent pipes in any building in the city of New York shall extend above the roof thereof to a height of at least 2 feet, and that portion of the pipe extending above the roof shall be of an increased diameter. All such pipes shall be so constructed and located that they shall not contribute to the creation of a nuisance. (S. C, §36.) §282. Ventilation of sewers and plumbing. No brick, sheet metal, or earthenware, material or chimney flue shall be used as a sewer ventilator, or to ventilate any trap, drain, soil, or waste pipe. (S. C, §29.) §283. Rain water leaders and gutters; use restricted; to be sound, tight, and adequate. Rain water leaders and gutters shall be sound, tight, and adequate for their purpose and such leaders shall not be used as soil, waste, or vent pipes, or be con- nected therewith; nor shall any soil, waste, or vent pipe be used as a leader. When within the house, the leader must be of cast iron, wrought iron, or steel, with leaded joints and properly connected with the house drain; when outside of the house and connected with the house, drain, it must be trapped beneath the ground or just inside of the wall, the trap being arranged in either case so as to prevent freezing. In every case where a sewer or cesspool connected leader opens near a window or a light- shaft, it must be properly trapped at its base. The joint between a cast iron leader and the roof must be made gas and water tight, by means of a brass ferrule and a lead or copper pipe properly connected. (S. C, §35.) §284. Privies and water=closets: maintenance. Every owner, lessee, keeper, or manager of any boarding-house, lodging-house, dwelling-house, and any factory, workroom, store, office, or place of business, in which persons are employed, shall provide, or cause to be provided, for the use of the tenants, boarders, lodgers, dwellers or employees therein adequate privies or water-closets, and the same shall be properly lighted and ventilated, and shall a. all times be kept in such cleanly and sanitary condition as not to be offensive or dan- gerous or detrimental to life or health. And no offensive smell or gases, from any outlet or sewer, or from any such privy or water-closet, shall be allowed to pass into any other part of said house, building, or premises, or into any other house, building, or premises. (S. C, §20.) §285. Temporary privies; to be provided during construction work. Contractors or builders shall provide or cause to be provided temporary privies, for the use of the men employed during construction work, at some convenient place 418 SANITARY CODE. upon the premises, or which shall be readily accessible, and the same shall be prop- erly screened to prevent the entrance of flies thereto. The contents of such privies shall be disinfected and removed, and shall not be allowed to accumulate thereat. Contractors, builders, or other persons having the management and control of con- struction work shall prevent the commission of any nuisance by workers, employees, or other persons connected therewith, in and about such work or premises, and re- quire workers and employees to use the privies so provided. (S. C, §37 a.) §286. Privies to be screened to prevent access of flies. It shall be the duty of each owner, lessee, or occupant of any premises on which a privy is located or used to cause the same to be properly screened, so that flies shall not have access thereto or to the contents thereof. (S. C., §37a.) §287. Privy vaults and cesspools; construction. No privy vault or cesspool shall be allowed to remain on any premises, or built, in the city of New York unless when unavoidable. The sides and bottom of every privy vault, cesspool, or “school sink,” in the city of New York, must be imper- meable and secure against any saturation of the walls or the ground above the same, unless otherwise allowed bv a permit in writing issued therefor by the board of health and must then be used in accordance with the terms of said permit and the regulations of said board. No water-closet or privy vault shall be constructed with- out adequate provision for the effectual and proper ventilation and cleaning thereof, rs. C.. §37.1 ARTICLE 15. Section 301. 302. 303. 304. 305. Railroad Cars and Other Public Vehicles. Public vehicles and other public vehicles ; to be cleaned daily. Railroad cars and other public vehicles ; carrying or conveying soiled or dirty clothing restricted. Railroad cars and other public vehicles ; to be adequately and sufficiently ventilated. Heating. Lighting. §301. Public vehicles and other public places to be cleaned daily. Every railroad car and other public vehicle, and every ferryboat, used in the city of New York for carrying passengers, and every railroad depot, railroad sta- tion, railroad platform, and ferryhouse, and every public room or space connected therewith, and every stairway and other means of entrance thereto or exit there- from, shall, at least once on each and every day on which it shall be used, be care- fully and thoroughly cleaned so that all refuse, dirt and filth are removed therefrom. (S. C., §173.) (As amended by the Board of Health, May 31, 1916, and as further amended Dec. 16, 1916.) §302. Railroad cars and other public vehicles; carrying or conveying soiled or dirty clothing restricted. No person shall at any time carry or convey upon or in any passenger car or other public vehicle, nor shall any conductor or person in charge of any such car or other public vehicle, permit or allow to be carried or conveyed upon or in such car or other public vehicle, except upon or on the front platform thereof, any soiled ^r dirty articles of clothing or bedding. (S. C., §174.) (As amended by the Board of Health, Dec. 16, 1916.) §303. Railroad cars and other public vehicles; to be adequately and sufficiently ventilated. Every railroad car and other public vehicle used in the city of New York for carrying of passengers shall be constructed so as to provide and secure, at all times, 419 CHAP. 20, ARTS. 15, 16, SECS. 304-213. good, adequate and sufficient ventilation, and such good, adequate and sufficient ventilation shall be maintained at all times by natural or mechanical means. (S. C. f §175.) (As amended by the Board of Health, Dec. 16, 1916.) §304. Heating. Every railroad car and other public vehicle, and every ferryboat, used in the city of New York for carrying passengers, and every depot, station, ferryhouse, and waiting room used in connection with such means of transit, shall, between the first day of October of each year and the first day of April of each following year, be properly heated and kept heated whenever the temperature upon the street shall fall below forty degrees Fahrenheit. (As amended by the Board of Health, Dec. 16, 1916.) §305. Lighting. Every railroad car and other public vehicle, and every ferryboat used in the city of New York for carrying passengers, and every depot, station, ferryhouse, waiting room and other public place or premise used in connection with such means of transit shall be, at all times, adequately lighted, by natural or artificial means. (As adopted by the Board of Health, Dec. 16, 1916.) §306. Cars not to be overcrowded. (Annulled March 28, 1918.) §307. Public vehicles not to be overcrowded. (Annulled March 28, 1918.) ARTICLE 16. Street Conditions. Section 311. 312. 313. *314. *315. *316. Method of cleaning street regulated. Street obstructions prohibited. Dirt and other materials not to obstruct street. Cattle, swine, and sheep; permit to drive required. Leading cattle through street regulated. Cattle, sheep, swine, and calves; not to be driven exception. without permit; §311. Method of cleaning streets regulated. Every person, when cleaning any street, shall clean, and every contractor shall cause to be cleaned, the gutters and parts of the street along which the water will run, before using any water to wash the same; and no substance that could be before scraped away shall be washed or allowed to be carried or be put into the sewer, or into any receptacle therewith connected. (S. C., §39.) §312. Street obstructions prohibited. No person, having the right and ability to prevent, shall take or drive, or allow to go or be taken, any horse or other animal, or any vehicle, upon any sidewalk or foot- path in front of any building, to the peril of any person; nor shall any person block or obstruct, or contribute to the blocking or obstructing of any street or other public place. (S. C., §78.) §313. Dirt and other materials not to obstruct street. No person shall deposit upon any street or public place within the generally built- up portion of the city of New York, or upon any paved street in the said city, any dirt, brick, or other material, in such manner as to occupy more than 100 square feet of surface of any such street or public place (and the same shall be compact Repealed Dec. 21, 1915. 420 SANITARY CODE. and at one side) ; nor shall' any person allow the same to remain in said street or public place more than 12 hours without a permit therefor issued by the board of health, or unless such occupancy shall be otherwise duly authorized by paramount authority. Nor shall any such substance be so deposited or allowed to remain by any person as to obstruct the free flowage along any gutter. (S. C., §117.) € ARTICLE 17. Section 321. 322. 323. 324. 325. 326. 327. 328. 329. 330. 331. 332. 333. 334. 335. 336. 337. 338. 339. 340. 341. 342. Trade Occupations and Businesses. Occupations and businesses, dangerous or detrimental to life or health, prohibited. Offensive or noisome trades and businesses regulated. Certain offensive or noisome trades, occupations, and businesses pro- hibited in the borough of Manhattan. Certain offensive or noisome businesses in the boroughs of Brooklyn, The Bronx, Queens, and Richmond regulated. Business of slaughtering cattle, sheep, swine, pigs, calves, and fowl regulated. Business of slaughtering cattle, sheep, swine, pigs, and calves re- stricted in the borough of Manhattan. Slaughtering of horses and sale of horse flesh for food regulated. Tanning, skinning, and scouring or dressing hides and leather regu- lated. Business of rendering and melting fat regulated. Business of manufacturing or preparing sausages and smoking or preserving meat or fish regulated. Business of breaking out eggs regulated ; sale of “ spots ” and “ spot eggs ” prohibited ; the term “ spot ” and “ spot eggs ” defined. Boiling varnish or oil ; distilling alcoholic spirits ; making lampblack, turpentine, or tar; treating and refining ores, metals, or alloys of metals; regulated. Gas manufacture regulated and restricted ; plans of buildings and location to be approved. Lodging houses regulated. Barber shops regulated. Public laundries regulated. Duty of employers to provide means to prevent occupational diseases. Manufacturing, sorting and handling cigars, cigarettes and tobacco regulated. Removal of dust, gases, and other impurities from workrooms by suction devices. Bathing establishments regulated. Ocean bathing ; regulations for protection. Horse-shoeing regulated. §321. Occupations and businesses, dangerous or detrimental to life or health, prohibited. No occupation or business that is dangerous or detrimental to life or health shah be established or carried on in the city of New York. (S. C., §92.) §322. Offensive or noisome trades and businesses regulated. No establishment or place for carrying on any offensive or noisome trade or busi- ness shall be opened, started, established, or maintained in the city of New York, with- 421 CHAP . 20, ART. 17, SECS. 323-327. out a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board. (S. C., §88.) §323. Certain offensive or noisome trades, occupations, and businesses pro= hibited in the Borough of Manhattan. It shall not be lawful for any person, persons, or corporation, to carry on, estab- lish, prosecute, or continue, within the borough of Manhattan, the occupation, or trade, or business, of bone boiling, bone burning, bone grinding, horse skinning, cow skinning, or skinning of dead animals, or the boiling of offal ; and any such establishment exist- ing within said borough shall be forthwith removed from said borough, and such occu- pation, trade, or business shall be forthwith abated and discontinued, provided that the provisions of this section shall not apply to the slaughtering or dressing of animals for sale in said borough. (S. C., §90.) §324. Certain offensive or noisome businesses in the boroughs of Brooklyn, The Bronx, Queens, and Richmond regulated. The business of bone crushing, bone boiling, bone grinding, bone or shell burning, lime making, horse skinning, cow skinning, glue making from any part of dead animals, gut cleaning, hide curing, fat rendering, boiling of fish, swill, or offal, heating, drying, or storing of blood, scrap, fat, grease, or other offensive animal matter or of offensive vegetable matter or manufacturing materials for manure or fertilizer, shall not be carried on in the boroughs of Brooklyn, The Bronx, Queens, or Richmond, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board. (S. C., §91.) §325. Business of slaughtering cattle, sheep, swine, pigs, calves, and fowl regulated. The business of slaughtering cattle, sheep, swine, pigs, calves or fowl shall not be conducted in the city of New York, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board. It shall not be unlawful, however, to slaughter, cattle, sheep, swine, pigs, or calves in the borough of Brooklyn, at such places where such business was established and carried on on January 3, 1898. (S. C., §83.) §326. Business of slaughtering cattle, horses, sheep, swine, pigs, and calves restricted in the Borough of Manhattan. The business of slaughtering cattle, horses, sheep, or calves shall not be conducted in the borough of Manhattan except in that part of the said borough bounded by the west side of Eleventh avenue, the middle line of the block between West 38th and West 39th streets (west of Eleventh avenue), the North River, and the south side of West 41st street; and in that part of the said borough bounded by the east side of First avenue, the middle line of the block between East 42d street and East 43d street (east of First avenue), the East river, and the south side of East 47th street. The business of slaughtering swine and pigs shall not be conducted in the bor- ough of Manhattan except in that part of the said borough bounded by the west side of Eleventh avenue, the middle line of the block between West 38th and West 39th streets (west of Eleventh avenue), the North river, and the south side of West 41st street. (S. C, §84; as amended Dec. 21, 1915.) §327. Slaughtering of horses and sale of horse flesh for food regulated. The business of slaughtering horses shall not be conducted in the city of New York, nor shall any horseflesh be brought into, or held, kept, or offered for sale in 422 SANITARY CODE. said city, without a permit therefor, issued by the board of health, or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and the regulations of said board. (S. C, §86; amended Dec. 21, 1915.) §328. Tanning, skinning, and scouring or dressing hides and leather regulated. No establishment or place of business for tanning, skinning, or scouring, or for dressing hides, or leather shall be opened, started, established, or maintained in the city of New York, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or other- wise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board. (S. C, §88.) §329. Business of rendering and melting fat regulated. The business of rendering or melting fat shall not be carried on in the city of New York, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board (S. C., §95.) §330. Business of manufacturing or preparing sausages and smoking or pre- serving meat or fish regulated. The business of manufacturing or preparing sausages or smoking or pre- serving meat or fish shall not be carried on, nor shall any place therefor be estab- lished, in the city of New York, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board. (S. C., §49a.) §331. Business of breaking out eggs regulated; sale of “ spots ” and “ spot eggs” prohibited; the term “spot” and “spot eggs” defined. No person shall break out eggs for sale or conduct the business of breaking out eggs to be canned, frozen, dried, or used in any other manner, in the city of New York, and no eggs broken from the shell, whether canned, frozen, dried, or treated in any other manner, shall be received, held, sold, offered for sale, or delivered in the said city, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board. (a) No person shall receive, hold, keep, sell, offer for sale, or deliver, as or for food, or to be used in food, in the city of New York, any canned, frozen or dried eggs, or eggs broken from the shell, which are adulterated or to which has been added any poisonous ingredient or any ingredient which may render such eggs injurious to health, or to which has been added any antiseptic, preservative, or foreign substance not evident and not known to the purchaser or consumer, or which shall contain filthy, decomposed, or putrid animal matter. (b) No person shall keep, sell or offer for sale as food any “spots” or “spot eggs.” Such eggs in the possession of a dealer in food shall, prima facie, be deemed to be held, kept, and offered for sale, as such food. The term “spots” and “spot eggs,” when used herein, shall be taken to mean all eggs that are partially hatched, broken yolked, blood ringed or veined, and all un- sound eggs, including those affected by moulds or which are partly decomposed or that have become sour. (S. C., §48a.) §332. Boiling varnish or oil; distilling alcoholic spirits; making lampblack, turpentine, or tar; treating and refining ores, metals, or alloys of metals; regulated. No person shall hereafter erect or establish in the city of New York any manu- factory or place of business for boiling any varnish or oil, for the distilling of any 423 CHAP . 20, ART. 17, SECS. 233-238. ardent or alcoholic spirits, for making any lampblack, turpentine, or tar, for the treat- ing and refining of ores, metals, or alloys of metals, with acids or heat, or for con- ducting any other business that will or does generate any offensive or deleterious gas, vapor, deposit, or exhalation, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board. (S. C., §94.) §333. Gas manufacture regulated and restricted; plans of building and location to be approved. No person or corporation, being a manufacturer of gas or engaged in or about the manufacture thereof, shall throw or deposit or allow to run, or shall permit to be thrown or deposited, into any public waters, river, or stream, or into any sewer therewith connected, or into any street or other public place, any gas, tar, or any refuse matter of or from any gas-house works, manufactory, mains, or service pipes, or permit the escape of any offensive odors from their works, mains, or pipes; nor shall any such person or corporation permit to escape from any of their works, mains, or pipes, any gas dangerous or prejudicial to life or health, or manufacture illuminating gas of such ingredients and quality that, in the process of burning it, any substance which may escape therefrom shall be dangerous or prejudicial to life or health ; nor shall any such person or corporation fail to use the most approved and all reasonable means for preventing the escape of odors. No buildings shall be erected or converted into or used as a place for the manu- facture of illuminating gas, until the plans of such buildings and the location thereof, shall have been duly approved in writing by the board of health. (S. C., §89.) §334. Lodging houses regulated. No lodging-house containing rooms in which there are more than 3 beds for the use of lodgers, or in which more than 6 persons are allowed to sleep, shall be conducted, maintained, or operated in the city of New York, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of the said permit and the regulations of the said board. (S. C., §21.) §335. Barber shops regulated. No barber shop in the city of New York shall be conducted otherwise than in accordance with the regulations of the board of health. (S. C., §179.) §336. Public laundries regulated. No public laundry shall be conducted otherwise than in accordance with the regu- lations of the board of health. The provisions of this section shall not apply to the home of a person performing laundry work thereat for a regular family trade. §337. Duty of employers to provide means to prevent occupational diseases. Every employer shall provide reasonably effective devices, means, and methods to prevent the contraction by his employees of any illness or disease incident to the work or process in which such employees are engaged. §338. Manufacturing, sorting and handling cigars, cigarettes and tobacco regulated. No person engaged, in the city of New York, in manufacturing, sorting, or handling, cigars or cigarettes or in preparing, sorting, or handling, tobacco for any purpose shall, at any time, touch with lips, teeth, or tongue any such cigar or cigarette or any such tobacco, intended to be sold or offered for sale ; nor shall any person moisten with saliva, directly or indirectly, by spitting, or by use of the fingers, or utensils or accessories of any kind, any such cigar or cigarette or any such tobacco ; nor shall any person spray or moisten any such cigar or cigarette 424 SANITARY CODE. or any such tobacco by means of water or any other liquid, emitted from the mouth; nor shall any part of any such cigar or cigarette be allowed to touch or be introduced into the nose of any person. A copy of this section shall be conspicuously posted in every place where such cigars or cigarettes are, or tobacco is manufactured, prepared, sorted, or handled. (Amended Dec. 21, 1915.) §339. Removal of dust, gases, and other impurities from workrooms by suc- tion devices. Every factory and other place of business in any workroom of which, in the course of business, dust, gases, fumes, vapors, fibers, or other impurities are generated, released, or set in motion, in quantities tending to injure the health of the persons therein employed, shall be provided with suction devices that will remove such dust, gases, fumes, vapors, fibers, or other impurities from every such workroom, and such devices shall be installed as near as practicable to the place where such dust, gases, fume, vapor, fibers, or other impurities are generated, released, or set in motion. Such devices shall, also, be kept constantly working when their employment is neces- sary to meet the requirements of this section. Every factory and other place of business in any workroom of which, through the nature of the business carried on, excessive heat is created shall be provided with such means or appliances as will appreciably reduce such heat, and such means or appli- ances shall be contantly employed when such excessive heat is being created. §340. Bathing establishments regulated. Bathing suits shall not be hired out, nor shall any bathing establishment be main- tained in the city of New York without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and the regu- lations of said board. For the purpose of this section, the expression “bathing estab- lishment” shall be taken to mean and include every building, room, enclosure, place or premises wherein bathing is permitted for hire or wherein bathing suits are hired out or which, for hire, is used for the purpose of dressing or undressing in connection with the wearing, putting on or taking off of bathing suits. (S. C., §26.) (As amended by the Board of Health, June 28, 1916, and further amended June 28, 1917.) §341. Ocean bathing; regulations for protection. Every keeper or proprietor of a hotel or boarding house, and every other person having a bathing-house upon or near any beach or shore of the ocean, for the accom- modation of his guests or other persons, for pay, shall provide for the safety of such bathers 2 lines of sound, serviceable, and strong manila or hemp rope, not less than 1 inch in diameter, anchored at some point above high water, at the same distance apart as the width of the space occupied by him fronting on such beach; and from the two points at which such life lines are so anchored, such lines shall be made to extend as far into the surf as bathing therein is ordinarily safe and free from danger of drowning to persons not expert in swimming, and at such limit points of safety such lines shall be anchored and buoyed. From such limit points of such lines so extended, anchored, and buoyed, a third line shall be extended, connecting the two extremities of such lines, and buoyed at such points as to be principally above the surface of the water, thereby inclosing a space with such lines and the beach within which bathing is believed to be safe. Every such keeper, proprietor, or other such person shall cause to be painted and put up in some prominent place upon the beach, near such bathing-houses, the following words : “Bathing beyond the lines dangerous.” Such lines so placed, anchored, and buoyed, and such notice so put up, shall be so 425 CHAP. 20, ARTS. 17, 18, SECS. 342-352. maintained by every such keeper, proprietor or other person during the entire season of surf bathing. The owner of a bathing house shall not be subject to the provisions of this section where such bathing-house is used, occupied, *or maintained by a lessee for hire, but, in such instances, the lessee shall be deemed the keeper or proprietor thereof. (S. C., §26.) §342. Horseshoeing establishments regulated. No horseshoeing establishment shall be conducted or maintained in the city of New York without a permit therefor issued by the board of health, or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of such permit and the regulations of said board. (Added Dec. 21, 1915.) ARTICLE 18. Vessels and Seamen. Duties of masters, chiefs officers, and physicians. Vessels from infected ports, or liable to quarantine; not to be brought within three hundred yards of docks or piers unless permitted. Vessels not in quarantine; duty of master, chief officers, and con- signee to make daily reports. Removal of persons sick of an infectious disease prohibited. Removal of persons and articles exposed to infectious disease re- stricted ; permit required. Straw, bedding, clothing, and other substances ; not to be cast into public waters. Births, marriages, and deaths ; duty of officers, surgeons and others to report. Discharge of cargo regulated. Skins, hides, rags, straw, bedding, and other articles and materials; removal and distribution regulated. Houseboats; the use thereof regulated. Boats and other water craft; loud and explosive noises prohibited. Duties of keepers, lessees, tenants, and owners of boarding-houses and lodging-houses. §351. Duties of masters, chief officers, and physicians. Every master and chief officer of any vessel, and every physician of, or who has practiced on, any vessel, which shall arrive in the port of New York from any other port, shall at once report to the department of health any facts connected with any person or thing on said vessel, or that came thereon, which he has reason to think may endanger the public health of the city of New York; and he shall report the facts as to any person thereon being or having been sick of an infectious disease, and as to there being or having been thereon during the voyage or since the arrival of any such vessel any infected person or articles. (S. C., §151.) §352. Vessels from infected ports, or liable to quarantine; not to be brought within three hundred yards of docks or piers unless permitted. No master, charterer, consignee, or other person shall order, bring, or allow (hav- ing power and authority to prevent) any vessel or person, or article therefrom, from any infected port, or any vessel, or person or article therefrom, liable to quarantine, according to the ninth section of the three hundred and fifty-eighth chapter of the laws of 1863 (or under any other laws, and whether such quarantine has been made or suffered or not), to come or be brought to any point nearer than 300 Section 351. 352. 353. 354. 355. 356. ^ 357 . 358. 359. 360. 361. 362. 426 SANITARY CODE. yards from any dock, pier, or building, in the city of New York, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health, or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board. Nor shall any vessel, or person or thing therein or therefrom, having been in quarantine, come or be brought or be permitted to remain within the last-named distance of any last-named place, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health, or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with regulations of said board. (S. C., §155; as amended Dec. 21, 1915.) §353. Vessels not in quarantine; duty of master, chief officers, and consignee to make daily reports. The master, chief officer, and consignee, of every vessel not being in quarantine, or within quarantine limits, but being within ^ of a mile of any dock, wharf, pier, or building of the city of New York, shall daily report to the department of health, or cause to be reported thereto, in writing, the particulars, and shall therein state the name, disease, and condition, of any person in or on such vessel who is sick of any infectious disease. (S. C., §149.) §354. Removal of persons sick of an infectious disease prohibited. No person shall bring into the city of New York from any infected place, or land at or take into the said city from any vessel lately from an infected port, or from any vessel or building in which has lately been any person sick of an infectious disease, any article or person whatsoever, nor shall any such latter person land or come into said city, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms and conditions of said permit; and it shall be no excuse that the person so offending, or the article involved in the offense, has passed through quarantine, or that a permit therefor has been obtained from any other source than the said board. (S. C., §156.) §355. Removal of persons and articles exposed to infectious diseases restricted; permit Required. No captain, officer, consignee, owner, or other person in charge of any vessel or having right and authority to prevent) shall remove or aid in removing from any ves- sel to the shore (save as legally authorized by the health officer of the port of New York, and then into quarantine grounds and buildings only) any person sick of, or person that has been exposed to and is liable very soon to develop, any infectious dis- ease, or so remove or aid in removing any articles that may have been exposed to the contagion of any such disease, without or otherwise than in accordance with the terms and conditions of a permit therefor issued by the board of health. (S. C., §154.) §356. Straw, bedding, clothing, and other substances; not to be cast into public waters. No owner, part owner, charterer, agent, or consignee of any vessel, or any officer or person having charge or control of the same, shall cast or allow to be cast, there- from, into any public waters of the city of New York, any straw, bedding, clothing, or other substance. ( S. C., §157.) §357. Births, marriages, and deaths; duty of officers, surgeons, and others to report. The master, chief officer, ship’s surgeon, or the company, corporation, charterer, or person having the management and control, of any vessel which shall arrive at the port of New York, shall report, in writing, to the department of health of the city of New York, within 3 days after the arrival of such vessel, the death or marriage of any resident of said city, or the birth of any child, whose parents are residents or 427 CHAP. 20, ART. 18, SECS. 358-361. parent is a resident of said city, occurring thereon at sea, and shall file in the bureau of records of said department a transcript of the entry made in the log book of such vessel, in respect to any such death, marriage, or birth. A transcript of any death, marriage, or birth filed as aforesaid may be issued, in the discretion of said depart- ment, to any person entitled to receive the same. (S. C., §151a.) §358. Discharge of cargo regulated. No owner, agent, or consignee, c/f any vessel, or cargo, and no officer of any vessel (in respect of either of which vessel or cargo a permit, according to any law, ordinance, or regulation shall or should have been obtained to pass quarantine, or to come up tc/ the water-front of the city of New York) shall unload, or land, or cause to be un- laden or landed, such cargo, or any part thereof, at any place in said city, without or otherwise than in accordance with the terms and conditions of a permit therefor issued by the board of health. (S. C., §153.) §359. Skins, hides, rags, straw, bedding, and other articles and materials; removal and distribution regulated. No master, charterer, owner, part owner, or consignee of any vessel, o'r any other person, shall bring nearer to any dock, pier, wharf, or building, than 1,000 feet therefrom in the city of New York, or unload at any dock, pier, wharf, or building, therein or have on storage in the built-up portions of said city, any skins, hides, rags, or similar articles or materials which have been brought from any foreign country or any infected place, or from any points south of Noffolk, Virginia, without or other- wise than in accordance with the terms and conditions of a permit therefor issued by the board of health, and no person shall sell, exchange, remove, or in any way expose, any straw, bedding, or other articles used by immigrants upon any vessel bringing im- migrants to this port, until it shall have been adequately and properly cleansed or disinfected ; and all straw, bedding, or other articles that have been exposed on any vessel to the contagion or infection of any infectious disease, or have been or are liable to communicate such disease, shall be destroyed by fire on said vessel. (S. C., §152.) §360. Houseboats; the use thereof regulated. No houseboat, while used or occupied as such, shall be moored, anchored, or located in the waters of any inlet or bay within the territorial limits of the city of New York, except the upper o'r lower bay of New York harbor, without a permit therefor issued by the board of health or otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and with the regulations of said board; and no person shall use or occupy for living purposes any such boat so moo'red, anchored, or located, unless a permit for such boat has been issued as hereinbefore provided, or than otherwise than in accordance with the terms of said permit and the regulations of said board. (S. C., §157a.) §361. Boats and other water craft; loud and explosive noises prohibited. All boats o'r other water craft plying on any of the waters of or adjacent to the city of New York, equipped with a gasoline or other internal combustion engine in which a gas is generated or used for purposes of propulsion, shall be constructed so that the exhaust from such engine is made to discharge into a muffler Or other device which shall prevent loud or explosive noises occurring on or about any such boat or craft; and no person having the management and control of any such boat o'r craft, or operating the engine thereon, shall cause, permit, suffer, or allow the exhaust from such engine to discharge into the open air, or otherwise than into a muffler or other device which will prevent loud or explosive noises occurring on or about any such boat or craft. (S. C., §188.) 428 SANITARY CODE. §362. Duties of keepers, lessees, tenants, and owners of boarding=houses and lodging=houses. The keepers, lessees, tenants, and owners of every bo'arding-house and lodging- house shall forthwith notify the department of health of the fact of any seafaring man, or person coming lately from any vessel, being taken sick at such house, and shall, at the same time, inform the said department of the premises where such sick person may be found, and of the name of the vessel fro'm which and the time when such person came, to the best of the knowledge of the person or persons giving such notice and information. (S. C., §150.) 429 CHAPTER 21. SEWERS AND DRAINS. Article 1. General provisions. 2. Construction. 3. Maintenance. ARTICLE 1. General Provisions. Section 1. Jurisdiction. §1. Jurisdiction. All sewers and drains in streets or public places shall be under the charge of the president of the borough in which the same are situated, who shall keep the same in good order and condition, and clean and free from obstructions. He shall cause such repairs to be made to sewers, drains and to the receiving basins, culverts and openings connected therewith, as may from time to time become necessary; provided that such sewer culverts shall be cleaned at night and not in the daytime. (C. O... §152.) ARTICLE 2. Construction. Section 10. 11 . 12 . 13. 14. 15. Construction generally. Private constructions. Fees for connections. Constructors ; license and bond. Notice to public service corporations. Water connections. §10. Construction generally. 1. Permit. No connection shall be made with any sewer or drain without a written permit therefor, issued by the borough president having jurisdiction. (C. O., §156.) 2. Mode and materials of construction. Each borough president, within his jurisdiction, shall prescribe the mode of piercing or opening sewers or drains and the form, size and material of which connections therewith shall be composed, and shall have authority to grant permission to make lateral connections with said sewers. No person shall make any connection with or opening into any sewer, in a mode different from that prescribed therefor by the borough president, under the penalty of $50 (C. O., §§153, 156; §1, Richmond ords., and §§14, 15, 17, Flushing ords.) §11. Private constructions. Within his jurisdiction, each borough president may issue permits to persons to construct, at their own expense, sewers or drains, or to lay pipes or connect with any sewers or drains built in any street; but such permission shall not be granted except upon the agreement, in writing, of the person applying therefor, that they will comply with the provisions of chapter 23 of this ordinance, in relation to ex- cavations in streets; that they will indemnify the city for any damages or costs to which it may be put, by reason of injuries resulting from neglect or carelessness in performing the work so permitted, and that no claim will be made by them or their successors in interest against the city if the work so permitted shall be taken up by the authority of the board of aldermen, or for exemption from an assessment law- fully imposed for constructing sewers or drains in the vicinity of their property ; and upon the further condition that the board at any time may revoke and annul such 430 SEWERS AND DRAINS. permission and direct such sewers, drains or pipes to he taken up or removed. (Amended by ord. effective Dec. 28, 1915.) §12. Fees for constructions. 1. Private. The fee to be paid to the respective borough presidents for a permit for each connection made either directly or indirectly, with any public sewer or drain, shall be as follows : In the borough of Manhattan, $10; In the borough of Brooklyn, $10; In the borough of Queens, $5 ; In the borough of The Bronx, $5; In the borough of Richmond, $5. No additional charge shall be made for the sewer connection to a building erected in place of one that has been removed, demolished or destroyed in whole or in part, or for extensions or alterations made to same, unless actually a new connection be required. (C. O., §158, as amended by ord. effective May 6, 1913; §2, Bronx ords. ; §12, Richmond ords.; §16, Flushing ords.) 2. Public. All plumbing contractors performing work on any municipal or public bujlding in the city shall be exempt from charge or fees for connecting into any public sewer in any street, except a nominal charge of $10 for each such municipal or public building owned by the city. (Ord. effective July 2, 1912.) §13. Constructors; license and bond. All openings into any sewers or drains, for the purpose of making connection therewith, from any house, cellar, vault, yard or other premises, shall be made by per- sons to be licensed by the several borough presidents, in writing, to perform such work, who, before being so licensed, shall execute a bond to the city in the sum o’f $1,000, with 1 or more sureties to be approved by the borough president issuing such license, conditioned that they will carefully make all openings into any sewer or drain in the manner prescribed by the borough president having jurisdiction, without injuring the same ; that they will .leave no obstructions of any description whatever in, and will properly close up the sewer or drain around the connection made by them and make no opening into the arch of any sewer or drain; that they will faithfully comply with the provisions of this ordinance relating to opening and excavating streets; be respon- sible for any damages or injuries that may accrue to persons, animals or property, by reason of any opening in any street made by them or those in their employ, and that they will properly refill and ram the earth, and suitably restore the pavement taken up for excavating and repave the same, should it settle or become out of order within 6 months thereafter. In case any person so licensed shall neglect to repair the pave- ment aforesaid, within 24 hours after being notified, the borough president having jurisdiction may cause the same to be done and charge the expense thereof to such licensee. (C. O., §157.) §14. Notice to public service corporations. Whenever any sewer, culvert, water main or pipe is to be constructed, altered or repaired in any street in which the pipes, mains or conduits of public service corpora- tions are laid, or whenever any such street shall be regulated or graded, the contractor therefor shall give notice, in writing, of the same to such corporations, or to the one whose pipes, mains or conduits are laid in the street about being disturbed by the con- struction, alteration, or repairing of such sewer, culvert, water mains or pipes, or by the regulating or grading thereof, at least 24 hours before breaking ground therefor. (C. O., §163; amended by ord. effective January 26, 1915.) §15. Water connections. All connections, with sewers or drains, used for the purpose of carrying off wastes from water closets, kitchen sinks or otherwise, shall have facilities for a sufficiency 431 CHAP. 21, ART. 3 , SECS. 20-24. of water to be properly discharged, so as to safely carry off such matters, under the penalty of $5 for each day the fixtures are permitted to remain without adequate means for such water supply. (C. O., §159; amended by ord. effective May 6, 1913.) Section 20. 21 . 22 . 23. 24. ARTICLE 3. Maintenance. Obstructing substances. Volatile inflammable liquids. Steam and hot water. Injury to sewers, basins and manholes. Violations. §20. Obstructing substances. No person shall permit any substance to flow or pass into any sewer, drain or receiving basin, connecting with a public sewer, which may form a deposit tending to choke said sewer, drain or basin. (C. O., §158; amended by ord. effective May 6, 1913, and C. O., §160.) §21. Volatile inflammable liquids. No connection with, or opening into, or gutter leading into any sewer or drain, either public or private, shall be used for the conveyance or discharge, directly or indirectly, into said sewer or drain, of any volatile inflammable liquid, gas or vapor ; it being noted that a volatile inflammable liquid is any liquid that will emit an inflammable vapor at a temperature below 160 degrees, Fahrenheit. (C. O., §561; amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) §22. Steam and hot water. No connection with or opening into any sewer or drain shall be used for the con- veyance or discharge into said sewer or drain of steam or hot water, above 100 degrees, Fahrenheit, from any boiler or engine, or from any manufactory or building in which steam is either used or generated; nor shall any person discharge or permit steam to escape into any sewer, drain or public street, from any stopcock, valve or other opening in any steam pipe .or main. The borough president having jurisdiction of said sewer or drain is hereby authorized and directed, upon the expiration of 5 days after notice, to discontinue the discharge of steam or hot water from any con- nection, to cancel the permit for such connection, and to close up and remove the same, if the discharge of steam or hot water therefrom shall not have been discon- tinued. The penalty prescribed by §24 of this article shall be imposed upon and recovered from the owner and occupants, severally and respectively, of any manu- factory or building, or any corporation violating any provision of this section. (C. O., §168.) §23. Injury to sewers, basins and manholes. No person shall injure, break or remove any portion of any receiving basin, cover- ing, flag, manhole, vent, or any part of any sewer or drain, nor obstruct the mouth of any sewer or drain, nor shall any person .place or deposit any substance exceeding 1 ton in weight upon any wharf or bulkhead through which any sewer or drain may run ; nor upon or over any sewer or drain where the same shall be within 3 feet of the surface of the street. (C. O., §160.) §24. Violations. Any person who shall violate any provision of this chapter shall be liable for a penalty of $50, and may also be prosecuted criminally. Any person convicted of any violation of the provisions of this article shall be punished by a fine of not more than $50, or by imprisonment for not exceeding 30 days, or by both such fine and imprison- ment. (C. O., §§160, 562.) 432 CHAPTER 22. STREET CLEANING. Article 1. General provisions. 2. Refuse and rubbish. 3. Snow and ice. ARTICLE 1. General Provisions. Section 1. Reimbursement for removal of rubbish or snow. §1. Reimbursement for removal of rubbish or snow. Whenever any owner, lessee, tenant, occupant, or other person, having charge of any building or lot of ground abutting upon any street or public place, where the sidewalk is paved, shall fail to comply with any of the provisions of this chapter for the removal of snow or ice, dirt or other material from the sidewalk and gutter on the side of the street on which said building or lot abuts, the commissioner of street cleaning, or the borough president of Queens or Richmond, as the case may be, may cause such removal to be made, meeting such expense from any suitable street cleaning or highway fund. Thereafter, the expense of such removal as to each particular lot of ground shall be ascertained and certified by the commissioner of street cleaning, or by the president of the Borough of Queens or Richmond, to the comptroller, and the board of estimate and apportionment may authorize such addi- tional expenditures as may be required, for the removal of the snow or ice, dirt or other material, to be repaid to the fund from which the payments were made, or, instead, in the borough of Queens or Richmond, to the special fund for restoring and repaving in said boroughs, if the presidents thereof so elect, with proceeds from the issue and sale of revenue bonds, which shall be sold by the comptroller as pro- vided by law. (C. O., §414; amd. by ord. appd. April 4, 1918.) ARTICLE 2. Section 10. 11 . 12 . 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Refuse and Rubbish. Throwing refuse into streets and vacant lots. Interference with deposits of rubbish or refuse. Fruit skins on sidewalks. Droppings from vehicles. Offensive matter. Handbills, cards and circulars. Sprinkling streets. Protection of sewers. §10. Throwing refuse into streets and vacant lots. 1. Prohibited. No person or persons shall throw, cast or lay, or direct, suffer or permit any servant, agent or employee to throw, cast or lay any ashes, offal, vegetables, garbage, dross, cinders, shells, straw, shavings, paper, dirt, filth, broken glassware, crockery, bottles or rubbish of any kind whatsoever in or upon any vacant lot, lots or plot, except where ashes or dirt may be used for filling in pur- poses under a permit secured from the department or bureau having jurisdiction, or in any street, either upon the roadway or sidewalk thereof. (Amended by ord. effective April 3, 1917.) 2. Sidewalk sweepings. In the boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn and The Bronx dust from the sidewalks may be swept into the gutter in the morning before 8 433 CHAP. 22, ART. 2, SECS. 11-16. o’clock, or before the sweeping of the roadway by the department of street cleaning, if there piled; but not otherwise, and at no other time. (Id.) 3. Interference with street-cleaners. No person shall prevent or interfere with any employee of the department of street cleaning in the sweeping or cleaning of any street, or in the removal of sweepings, ashes, garbage, rubbish, snow, ice, or other refuse material. (§3, Manhattan ords.) §11. Interference with deposits of rubbish or refuse. No person, other than an authorized employee or agent of the department of street cleaning or the bureau of street cleaning in the boroughs of Queens or Richmond, shall disturb or remove any ashes, garbage or light refuse or rubbish placed by house- holders, or their tenants, or by occupants or their servants, within the stoop or area line, or in front of houses or lots, for removal, unless requested by residents of such houses. (C. O., §405.) §12. Fruit skins on sidewalks. 1. Prohibited. No person shall cast, throw or deposit on any sidewalk or cross- ing, in any street or public place, any part or portion of any fruit or vegetable, or other substance, which, when stepped upon by any one, is liable to cause, or does cause, him or her to slip or fall. (C. O., §271.) 2. Copy of section to be posted. The proprietor of every store, stand or other place where fruit or vegetable, or other substance mentioned in subdivision 1, of this section, is sold, shall keep constantly suspended therein or posted thereon, in some conspicuous place, a copy of this section printed in large type, so that persons pur- chasing fruit or vegetables, or other such substance, may become aware of its pro- visions. (C. O., §272.) §13. Droppings from vehicles. No one, being the owner, driver, manager or conductor of any cart or other vehicle, or of any receptacle, shall scatter, drop or spill, or permit to be scattered, dropped or spilled, any dirt, sand, gravel, clay, loam, stone or building rubbish, hay, straw, oats, sawdust, shavings or other light materials of any sort, or manufac- turing, trade or household waste, refuse, rubbish of any sort, or ashes, manure, garbage or other organic refuse or other offensive matter therefrom, or permit the same to be blown off therefrom by the wind, in or upon any street or public place. (C. O., §407.) §14. Offensive matter. No person shall allow any swill, brine, urine of animals or other offensive animal matter, nor any stinking, noxious liquid or other filthy matter of any kind, to run or fall into or upon any street or public place, or be taken or put therein. (San. Code, § 102 .) §15. Handbills, cards and circulars. No person shall throw, cast or distribute, or cause to be thrown, cast or distributed, any hand bill, circular, card or other advertising matter whatsoever, in or upon any street or public place, or in a front yard or court yard, or on any stoop, or in the vestibule or any hall of any building, or in a letterbox therein ; provided that nothing herein contained shall be deemed to prohibit or otherwise regulate the delivery of any such matter by the postal service. (C. O., §408; amended by ord. effective July 7, 1914.) §16. Sprinkling streets. All persons engaged in sprinkling the streets shall be required to contract with the commissioner of water supply, gas and electricity for the purchase and sale of the water necessary therefor, and to obtain the approval of the president of the borough 434 STREET CLEANING . to such contract, but in no case shall more water be contracted for or used than shall be sufficient thoroughly to lay the dust on such streets. Every street railroad cor- poration in the boroughs of Richmond and Queens shall sprinkle the pavement, be- tween its tracks and rails, when and as often as directed by the superintendent of highways. Water shall be furnished for this purpose free of charge by the city. (C. O., §406.) §17. Protection of sewers. Every person, when cleaning any street, shall clean, and every contractor shall cause to be cleaned, the gutters and parts of the street along which the water will run, before using any water to wash the same; and no substance that could have been scraped away shall be washed, or allowed to be carried, or be put into a sewer, or into any receptacle therewith connected. (C. O., §162.) ARTICLE 3. Section 20. 21 . 22 . 23. 24. Snow and Ice. Removal from roadways and crosswalks. Property owners’ duties. Street railroad companies; responsibilities of. Salting tracks. Dumping. §20. Removal from roadways and crosswalks. The commissioner of street cleaning and the borough presidents of Queens and Richmond, immediately after every snowfall or the formation of ice on the crosswalks or in culverts, paved streets or public places, shall forthwith cause the removal of the same, and shall keep all crosswalks and culverts clean and free from obstruction. (C. a, §415.) §21. Property owners’ duties. 1. Must clear sidewalks. Every owner, lessee, tenant, occupant, or other person, having charge of any building or lot of ground in the city, abutting upon any street or public place, where the sidewalk is paved, shall, within 4 hours after the snow ceases to fall, or after the deposit of any dirt or other material upon said sidewalk, remove the snow or ice, dirt or other material from the sidewalk and gutter, the time between 9 p. m. and 7 a. m. not being included in the above period of 4 hours ; provided, however, that such removal shall in all cases be made before the removal of snow or ice from the roadway by the commissioner of street cleaning, or by the borough president of Queens or Richmond, or subject to the regulations of said com- missioner of street cleaning or of said borough president of Queens or Richmond, for the removal of snow and ice, dirt or other material ; except that in the boroughs of Queens and Richmond any owner, lessee, tenant or occupant or other persons who has charge of any ground abutting upon any paved street or public place, for a linear distance of 500 feet or more, shall be considered to have complied with this section, if such person shall have begun to remove the snow or ice from the sidewalk and gutter before the expiration of the said 4 hours, and shall continue and complete such removal within a reasonable time. Whenever any owner, lessee, tenant, occupant or other person having charge of any building or lot of ground, abutting upon any street or public place where the sidewalk is paved, shall fail to comply with the provisions of any ordinance of the city for the removal of snow or ice, dirt, or other material from the sidewalk and gutter in the street, on the side of the street on which such building or vacant lot abuts, the commissioner of street cleaning or borough president of Queens and Richmond, as the case may be, may cause such removal to be made, meeting the 435 CHAP. 22, ART. 3, SEC. 22. expense thereof from any suitable street cleaning or highway fund, and thereafter the expense of such removal, as to each particular lot of ground, shall be ascertained and certified by the said commissioner of street cleaning or the borough president of Queens and Richmond to the comptroller, and the board of estimate and apportion- ment may authorize such additional expenditures as may be required, for the said removal of such snow or ice, dirt, or other material, to be repaid to the fund from which the payments were made, with proceeds from the issue and sale of revenue bonds, which shall be sold by the comptroller as provided by law. The said commissioner of street cleaning or the borough president of Queens or Richmond, as the case may be, shall as soon as possible after such work is done, certify to the corporation counsel the amount of the expense chargeable against each piece of property. The corporation counsel is hereby directed and authorized to sue for and recover the amount of this expense, and, when so recovered, the amount shall be turned over to the city chamberlain, to be deposited to the credit of the general fund of the City of New York for the reduction of taxation. Any person violating any provision or regulation hereof shall, upon conviction thereof by any city magistrate, be fined for such offense not less than One Dollar ($1) and not more than Three Dollars ($3) and in default of payment thereof may be imprisoned for a period of one day. (C. O., §414; amended by ords. effective May 11, 1915, and July 16, 1915; amd. by ord. appd. April 4, 1918.) 2. May use ashes , etc. In case the snow and ice on the sidewalk shall be frozen so hard that it cannot be removed, without injury to the pavement, the owner, lessee, tenant, occupant or other person having charge of any building or lot of ground as aforesaid, may, within the time specified in the preceding subdivision, cause the side- walk abutting on the said premises to be strewed with ashes, sand, sawdust, or some similar, suitable material, and shall, as soon thereafter as the weather shall permit, thoroughly clean said sidewalks. (C. O., §410.) §22. Street railroad companies; responsibilities of. 1. Co-operation in snow removal. Every street railroad corporation shall remove all the snow and ice from its tracks and the spaces between, and shall not throw the same on either side thereof, but shall immediately carry away and dispose of the same, under the direction of the commissioner of street cleaning or the borough president of Queens or Richmond, under a penalty of $100 for every city block in length in which the said corporation shall fail to so remove and dispose of such snow and ice, as afore- said; provided, however, that, for the more speedy and effective removal of snow and ice from the paved streets and public places of the city, the commissioner of street cleaning and the borough presidents of Queens and Richmond shall have power and authority, in their respective jurisdictions, to enter into agreements for the entire winter season, or part thereof, with any street surface railroad or other railroad having tracks in the city, for the removal of snow and ice for the entire width of the street or public place, from house-line to house-line, at any part of the route of the said railroad, but nothing in any such agreement shall be inconsistent with any law of the State of New York or with any right of the city. (C. O., §416; amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) 2. Use of snow plows and rotary sweepers. No surface railroad company or other company, or any corporation or person whatever, or the officers, agents or servants thereof, shall cause or allow any snow plow, sweeping machine or other similar in- strument to pass over the tracks or lines used by them within the limits of the city, unless by the written permit of the commissioner of street cleaning or the borough president of Queens or Richmond ; any violation of this provision shall be punished by a penalty not exceeding $100 for each such offense. No such permit or renewal thereof shall be granted except upon the condition and agreement, upon the part of the corn- 436 STREET CLEANING. pany applying for such permit or renewal, that the party to whom the same has been granted shall and will, at its own expense, promptly remove and carry away the snow thrown up by such plow or machine, and that such snow plow, sweeping machine or other instrument shall be so constructed as not to throw any slush or snow upon sidewalks or buildings, under a penalty of $10 for every house, or sidewalk in front thereof, upon which slush or snow shall be thrown. No such permit or renewal shall be granted unless the party to whom granted shall expressly covenant, stipulate and agree that, in case of its failure, neglect or omission to remove promptly and carry away the snow and ice thrown up by such snow plow or other instrument, then the same may be removed under the direction of the commissioner of street cleaning or the borough president of Queens or Richmond, and the expense of removing the same shall be paid by the party to the commissioner or the borough president, on demand. The board of estimate may authorize that the amount or amounts of moneys so paid shall be credited to the appropriation, in the respective boroughs, for the removal of snow and ice; but nothing herein contained shall be deemed to prohibit the commissioner or a borough president from demanding, before issuing said permit and as a con- dition thereof, the deposit of such sum of money or other security as, in his judg- ment, may be necessary to pay the cost of properly performing the work above men- tioned, together with the expense of the inspection thereof. In case of neglect, refusal or omission of the party to whom such permit may be granted promptly to remove and to carry away the snow and ice thrown up by such plow or other instru- ment, then the commissioner of street cleaning or the borough president of Queens or Richmond may forthwith cause the same to be removed at the public expense, and all expenditures made or incurred therefor shall be chargeable upon the party so neglect- ing, refusing or omitting to perform his agreement, and shall be recoverable by an ac- tion at law on behalf of the city, and, when so recovered, shall be placed to the credit of the department of .street cleaning or the bureau of street cleaning in the Boroughs of Queens or Richmond, as the case may be, to supply the deficiency occasioned by such additional expenditure. (C. O., §417; amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) 3. Obstructing tracks. No person shall throw, place or pile, or assist others in> throwing, placing or piling any snow, ice or other impediment or obstruction to the running of cars upon the tracks of any railroad company, or in the space between the rails thereof, or in the space between the tracks and a line distant 3 feet outside of such rails. (C. O., §412.) §23. Salting tracks. No person shall throw, expose or place, or cause or procure to be thrown, ex- posed or placed in or upon any street or public place, except upon the curves, cross- ings or switches of railroad tracks, any salt, saltpetre or other substance for the purpose of dissolving any snow or ice which may have fallen or been depos- ited thereon ; nor shall any person throw or place upon the curves, crossings or switches of railroad tracks any salt, saltpetre or other substance for the purpose of dissolving snow or ice, unless permission therefor be first obtained from the borough president having jurisdiction. Nothing herein contained shall be con- strued to prohibit or interfere with any properly conducted tests or experiments by the department of street cleaning, between January 1st, 1917, and April 1st, 1917. (Amended by ord. approved Feb. 21, 1917.) §24. Dumping. All contractors and other persons, no matter how termed, are hereby forbidden, restrained and are never to be permitted to dump, throw, empty, convey or cause to be conveyed, for the purpose of dumping, any snow, ice or water in a vacant lot or tract of land, if such lot or tract of land shall be within a radius of 300 feet of a dwelling, factory, school, public building or any place of business. (C. O., §411.) 437 Article 1. 2 . 3. 4. 5. 6 . 7. 8 . 9. 10 . 11 . 12 . 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. CHAPTER 23. STREETS. General provisions. Advertisements, placards and posters. Assemblies. Auctions and other sales. Awnings. Boundaries and monuments. Construction and repair. Disturbance of surface. Excavations. House numbering. Lights. Noises. Obstructions and encumbrances. Projections and encroachments. Sidewalks. Signs and show-bills. Vaults and cisterns. Miscellaneous. Laying and installation of pipes, mains or conduits. ARTICLE 1. General Provisions. Section 1. Temporary closing of streets. 2. Unsafe condition; notice. 3. Barriers, guards and lights. 4. Liability for damage. 5. Violations. §1. Temporary closing of streets. Each borough president is empowered to close temporarily to traffic any street, or a portion thereof, within his jurisdiction when, in his judgment, travel in the same is deemed to be dangerous to life, in consequence of their being carried on in said street; building operations, repairs to street pavements, sewer connections, or blasting for the purpose of removing rock from abutting property. (C. O., §100.) §2. Unsafe conditions; notice. Whenever any person shall have authority, under any contract with the city, or any officer thereof, or under any permit, to remove the pavement from or to excavate, occupy or use any part of a public street, so as to obstruct travel therein, he will erect or cause to be erected suitable notices of the obstructions, in conspicuous posi- tions, at all points of intersection of such street with the cross-streets nearest to the obstruction, which notices shall be in the form prescribed by the borough president having jurisdiction. (C. O., §142.) §3. Barriers, guards and lights. 1. Barriers and guards. Every person engaged in digging down or paving any street, or building therein any sewer, drain or trench for any purpose, under contract with the city or by virtue of any permit that may have been granted by any department, board or officer of the city, shall erect such a fence or railing about the excavation or work as shall prevent danger to persons traveling the street, while the work is left exposed and would be dangerous, and any such railing or fence shall be continued and 438 STREETS . maintained until the work shall be completed, or the obstruction or danger removed. (C. O., §§142, 209; §13, Far Rockaway ords. ; §11, Rockaway Beach ords. ; §15, Arverne ords.; §10, New Brighton ords.) 2. Extent of enclosure. The extent to which such railing or fence shall be built in the several cases is hereby defined as follows, to wit : a. In digging down any street or road, by placing the barrier along the upper bank of such excavation, or by extending the fence as far across the street as may be necessary to prevent persons from traveling on such portion as would be dangerous ; b. In paving any street, by extending such railing or fence across the carriage- way of such street, or, if but a portion of the width of such carriageway be obstructed, across such portion, in which case the obstruction shall be so arranged as to leave a passageway through, as nearly as may be, of uniform width; c. In building a sewer, by placing the barrier across the carriageway at the ends of such excavation as shall be made; d. In building vaults, by inclosing the excavation and the ground taken therefrom. (c. o., §211.) 3. Lights. At twilight, , there shall be placed upon each such railing or fence, and upon building materials, posts, poles, pipes or other obstructions in any street or public place, suitable and sufficient lights, which shall be kept burning through the night during the existence of the obstruction. (C. O., §209.) 4. Disturbance, prohibited. No person shall throw down, displace or remove any barrier, guard or railing, or extinguish or remove any light thereon or on any obstruction in any street, without the written consent of the borough president having jurisdiction of the street in which any obstruction is placed, or without the consent of the person superintending the work or materials protected thereby. (C. O., §140.) 5. Restriction. Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to authorize any person to stop up or obstruct more than the space of one continuous block and one intersection, at the same time, in any one street, or to keep the same so stopped up for more than 2 days after the roadway is finished, unless by special permit of the borough president. (C. O., §141.) 6. Application of section. The provisions of this section shall apply to every person engaged in building any vault, or constructing any lateral drain to any public sewer, or who shall do or perform any work causing obstructions in a public street, by virtue of any permit from any department, board or officer of the city, and also to all persons engaged in performing any work in behalf of the city, whereby obstruc- tions or excavations shall be made in public streets. (C. O., §210.) 7. Enforcement of section. The borough president having jurisdiction of any work referred to in this section shall see to it that all the foregoing requirements are complied with, and he shall make immediate complaint to the corporation counsel of any violation thereof, under the penalty of $50 for each and every neglect. (C. O., §§213, 214.) §4. Liability for damage. In all cases where any person shall perform any of the work mentioned in the preceding section, either under contract with the city or by virtue of permission obtained from any department, board or officer of the city, such person shall be answerable for any damage which may be occasioned to persons, animals dr property by reason of carelessness in any manner connected with the work. (C. O., §212.) §5. Violations. Any person violating any provisions of this article shall, upon conviction therefor, be punished by a fine of not more than $100, or by imprisonment for not more than 30 days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. (C. O., §§209, 143.) 439 CHAP. 23, ARTS. 2, 3, SECS. 10-23. ARTICLE 2. Advertisements, Placards and Posters. Section 10. Posting. 11. Protection of city advertisements. 12. (Repealed by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) §10. Posting. No persorvshall paste, post, paint, print or nail upon any curb, gutter, flag stone, tree, lamp-post, awning post, horse post, telegraph pole, barrel, box or hydrant in any ' street or public place, any handbill, poster, notice, sign or advertisement. (C. O., §548.) §11. Protection of city advertisements. No person shall tear down, deface or destroy any notice, handbill or poster, put up or posted by or under the direction of the board of aldermen, or by or under the direction of any other city department, bureau, board or officer. (§12, New Brighton ords., and §18, Arverne ords.) §12. Theatrical bilLboards, Brooklyn. (Repealed by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) ARTICLE 3. Section 20. 21 . 22 . 23. 24. Assemblies. Public worship. Interference with street services. Street shows. Loafers and loungers. Public assemblies; display of flag. §20. Public worship. No person shall be concerned or instrumental in collecting or promoting any assemblage of persons for public worship or exhortation, or under any pretense therefor, in any park, street, or other public place; provided, that a clergyman or minister of any denomination, or any person responsible to or regularly associated with any church or incorporated missionary society, or any lay-preacher, or lay-reader may conduct religious services in any public place or places specified in a permit there- for, which may be granted and issued by the police commissioner. This section shall not be construed to prevent any congregation of the Baptist denomination from assembling in a proper place for the purpose of performing the rites of baptism, according to the ceremonies of that church. (C. O., §§494, 497, 498.) §21. Interference with street services. No person shall disturb, molest or interrupt any clergyman, minister, missionary, lay-preacher or lay-reader who shall be conducting religious services by authority of a permit, issued as prescribed by this article, or any minister or people who shall be performing the rite of baptism as permitted by the preceding section, nor shall any person commit any riot or disorder in any such assembly. (C. O., §499.) §22. Street shows. No person shall, from any window or open space of any house, exhibit to the public upon the street, or the sidewalk thereof, any performance of puppet or other figure, ballet or other dancing, comedy, farce, show with moving figures, play or other enter- tainment. (§40, Manhattan ords.) §23. Loafers and loungers. No person shall encumber or obstruct any street or other public place by loafing or lounging in or about the same, to the annoyance of passers-by. (§23, Brooklyn ords.) 440 STREETS. §24. Public assemblies; display of flag. All assemblies, warranted by law, held in any of the streets of the city, where public discussions are held, shall have the American flag conspicuously displayed at all times during the holding of such assemblies. No red or black flag, and no banner, ensign or sign having upon it any inscription opposed to organized government, or which is sacrilegious, or which may be derogatory to public morals, shall be displayed at any such assembly, or in public place, or carried through the streets of the city in any procession or parade. Any person who shall violate any provision of this section shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars ($100), or by imprisonment for not exceeding ten days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. (Added by ord. effective April 17, 1917 ; amd. by ord. appd. Dec. 6, 1918.) ARTICLE 4. Auctions and Other Sales. Section 30. Auctions. 31. Vending and selling of salted meat, fish, etc. §30. Auctions. 1. Restrictions. No auctioneer, nor his agent, employee or servant shall a. Sell or expose for sale, at public auction or vendue, any dry-goods, clothing, hardware, household furniture, woodenware or tinware, by retail or in small parcels or pieces, in any street or public place; (C. O., §538.) b. Sell or expose for sale at public auction any goods, wares, merchandise or other things whatsoever to any person or persons who, at the time of bidding for or while examining the same, shall be on the sidewalk or carriageway of any street; (C. O, §539.) c. Sell at auction or expose for sale, lay or place any goods, wares, mer- chandise or other thing in any street or public place, unless such person shall first obtain the consent or permission, in writing, of the occupant of the lot or building before which such articles or any part thereof shall be placed or exposed for sale. (C. O., §534.) 2. Attracting purchasers. No bellman or crier, nor any drum, fife, or other instrument of music, or any show-signal or means of attracting the attention of pur- chasers, other than a sign or flag, shall be employed, or suffered or permitted to be used at or near any place of sale, auction room, residence of any auctioneer, nor at or near any auction whatsoever. (C. O., §537.) 3. Removal of goods. Every article exposed for sale at public auction, or sold in any street or public place, shall be removed from the same by the setting of the sun of the day of selling or exposing for sale. (C. O., §536.) §31. Vending and selling of salted meat and fish, etc. No person shall sell, expose for sale, lay or place in any street or public place, at any time between June 1st and November 1st, in any year, any salted beef or pork, dried or pickled fish, blubber, hides, cotton or wool. (C. O., §535.) ARTICLE 5. Section 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. Awnings. Permanent awnings. Construction of permanent awnings. Drop awnings. Temporary awnings. Violations. §40. Permanent awnings. (Repealed by ord. effective Dec. 28, 1915.) 441 CHAP. 23, ARTS. 5, 6, SECS. 41-51. §41. Construction of permanent awnings. (Repealed by ord. effective Dec. 28, 1915.) §42. Drop awnings. Drop awnings, without vertical supports, are permitted within stoop-lines, but shall in no case extend beyond 6 feet from the house-line, and shall be at least 6 feet in the clear above the sidewalk. (C. O., §263.) §43. Temporary awnings. Awnings without side coverings may be, from time to time, erected and main- tained across the sidewalk of any street for temporary use, as a protection during inclement weather only ; provided, however, that such awning shall be made of canvas or cloth and shall be supported by upright posts of iron not exceeding 2 inches in diameter and not less than 8 nor more than 10 feet in height above the sidewalk, and shall not be wider than the entrance of the ,building in connection with which it is to be used. Awnings with side coverings may be erected, for a limited time, upon issuance of a special permit from the borough president having jurisdiction. (C. O., §259a; amended by ord. effective May 11, 1915.) §44. Violations. No person shall violate any provision of this article, or refuse or neglect to comply with any order of a borough president made thereunder, under the penalty of $10 for each offense. No such violation shall be continued, after notice to the perpetrator thereof, under penalty of $10 for each day the same shall be continued. (C. O., §§257, 258.) ARTICLE 6. Boundaries and Monuments. Section 50. Excavations or embankments near landmarks. 51. Removal or covering up of landmarks. 52. Violations. §50. Excavations or embankments near landmarks. No excavation or embankment shall be made, nor shall any pavement or flagging be laid or moved by any person, within 3 feet of any monument or bolt which has been set, by proper authority, or designated on any official map, as a landmark to denote street lines within the city, unless a permit therefor has been obtained from the president of the borough in which the monument or bolt is situated. Applica- tions for such permits shall be in writing, and shall set forth the nature of the work proposed, and the location of all monuments or other landmarks affected thereby. Thereupon, the borough president shall cause one of the city surveyors or an engineer in his department to take such measurements and field notes as may be necessary to restore such monuments or bolts to their correct position, after the completion of the contemplated work, and, when such measurements and field notes have been taken, but not before, the required permit shall be issued. Each borough president shall cause a covenant to be incorporated in all contracts hereafter made by him for constructing, regulating or repairing any street, requiring the contractor to obtain the permit above required and to take such other precautions for the care and preservation of monuments, bolts and other landmarks as the bor- ough president may direct. (C. O., §§108-110; amended by ord. effective Feb. 9, 1915.) §51. Removal or covering up of landmarks. No person or persons shall remove or cover up a monument or bolt for designat- ing any street, without giving 3 days’ notice in writing of his intention so to do to the president of the borough in which the monument or bolt is situated. Upon receiv- 442 STREETS. ing such a notice, the borough president shall cause one of the city surveyors, or an engineer in his department, to take the necessary measures to raise or lower such monument or bolt to the proper grade of the street and, when necessary, to cause such alteration to be noted on records to be kept in his office for that purpose. When- ever a borough president shall ascertain that any monument or bolt has been removed, without such notice, he shall forthwith cause the same to be placed in its proper position, and shall note the same on the records in the manner before stated. The expenses attending such replacement shall be paid by the comptroller, on the cer- tificate of the borough president causing the work to be done. (C. O., §§106, 107, 111, 112; amended by ord. effective Feb. 9, 1915.) §52. Violations. Any person who shall make any excavation or embankment, or lay or take up any pavement or flagging within 3 feet of any monument, bolt or other landmark, without having first obtained a permit to perform such work, or who shall in any way remove or deface any monument, bolt or other landmark, shall be punished for each offense by a fine of $50, or by imprisonment for not exceeding 30 days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. (C. O., §113; amended by ord. effective Feb. 9, 1915.) ARTICLE 7. Construction and Repair. Section 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. Paving, generally. Paving by abutting owners. Curbing. Gutter stones. Width of streets in Brooklyn. Removal of debris. §60. Paving, generally. All streets of 22 feet in width and upward, and, when required to be paved by competent authority, all other streets and alleys of less width shall be paved and arched in full accordance with standard specifications for such work, which shall be pre- scribed by the borough president having jurisdiction and kept on file in his office. (C. O., §§132, 135; amended by ord. effective Feb. 9, 1915.) §61. Paving by abutting owners. Any citizen or number of citizens shall be allowed to pave the street opposite to his or their property, where the same shall extend from the intersection of one cross street to the intersection of another ; provided the same be done in conformity to the regulations of the president of the borough in which such street is located and subject to such conditions as he may impose. (C. O., §134.) §62. Curbing. All curbing for the support of sidewalks hereafter to be laid shall be of the material or materials, dimensions and construction required in standard specifica- tions for such work, which shall be prescribed by the borough president having juris- diction and kept on file in his office. (C. O., §124; amended by ord. effective Feb. 9, 1915.) §63. Gutter stones. 1. Laying. All gutter stones hereafter laid shall be of the best hard blue stone or granite, at least 30 inches in length, 14 inches in width, and 6 inches thick, and shall be cut to a fair and level surface without windings, with true and parallel sides, and the ends square so as to form tight and close joints; under the penalty of $10, 443 CHAP. 23, ART. 7, SEC. 64. to be sued for and recovered from the person or persons laying the same and the owner or owners of the lot fronting on the sidewalk or street, severally and respec- tively. (C. O., §125.) 2. Regulating. If any street, when paved, shall not exactly range, the gutter or outside of the footpath or sidewalk, shall be laid out and made as nearly in a straight line as the street will permit; the ascent and descent of the same shall be regu- lated by the president of the borough in which the same is located, and a profile thereof, with the regulations distinctly marked therein, shall be deposited and kept in the office of the borough president regulating the same. (C. O., §126.) §64. Width of streets in Brooklyn. The widths of the roadways and the sidewalks of the streets in the 29th and 32d wards of the borough of Brooklyn are hereby fixed at the dimen- sions prescribed by the ordinances of the former city of Brooklyn, instead of the ' dimensions indicated upon the title pages of the maps of the former towns of Flat- bush, New Utrecht, Gravesend and Flatlands, except in the case of the following named streets and avenues, where the width of roadways and sidewalks shall remain as shown upon the above-mentioned town survey maps and where the streets have already been paved, namely: Thirteenth avenue, within the limits of the 29th ward ; Sixteenth avenue, within the limits of the 29th ward; Malbone street, within the limits of the 29th ward; East New York avenue, within the limits of the 29th ward; Church avenue, for its entire length; Tilden avenue (formerly Vernon avenue), between Flatbush avenue and Holy Cross cemetery; Cortelyou road, for its entire length; Clarendon road, for its entire length; Avenue E (or Ditmas avenue), between Coney Island avenue and West avenue and between Remsen avenue and Rockaway avenue; Avenue F, between Rogers avenue and Ocean avenue; Flatlands avenue, within the limits of the 32d ward; Rogers avenue, from Malbone street to Flatbush avenue ; New York avenue, from Malbone street to Church avenue; Albany avenue, from Malbone street to its southerly end ; Utica avenue, from East New York avenue to Flatbush avenue; Ralph avenue, from Remsen avenue to Avenue T ; Remsen avenue, for its entire length; East 92d street, for its entire length; Rockaway parkway, for its entire length; Avenue T, between Ralph avenue and Flatbush avenue; Flatbush avenue, between Malbone street and Jamaica bay; Nostrand avenue, from Malbone street to the boundary line between 31st and 32d wards; Coney Island avenue, within the limits of the 29th ward ; Brooklyn avenue, from Church avenue to Avenue C; East 93d street, from Avenue N to Jamaica bay; East 98th street for its entire length; Avenue N, from Remsen avenue to East 93d street, and from Flatbush avenue to Avenue U; Avenue U, from Avenue N to Jamaica bay; Linden avenue, from East 92d street to Rockaway parkway; Avenue A, within the limits of the 32d ward. (§14, Brooklyn ord.) 444 STREETS. §65. Removal of debris. Any person, other than the commissioner of water supply, gas and electricity, who may hereafter pave or cause to be paved any street shall have the sand, dirt or rubbish cleaned off such street and every part thereof, within 12 days after the pavement shall have been completed, under a penalty of $25 for each violation of this provi- sion; and, in addition thereto, the president of the borough in which the work has been done shall cause the debris thereof to be removed at the expense of the party neglecting or refusing so to do, who shall be liable in an appropriate action at law for the recovery of the amount expended by the city. This section shall be so con- strued as to apply to the removal of all sand, dirt or rubbish, collected in any part of any and all streets covered by any pavement so done or laid, or excavation that may have been made, or other work done in pursuance thereof ; and no account for paving, in pursuance of this section, shall be accepted as completed unless the city official making the contract shall certify that this section has been fully complied with. (C. O., §§136, 137.) ARTICLE 8. Disturbance of Surface. Section 80. General provisions. 81. Prevention of disturbances of street surface. 82. Violations. §80. General provisions. No person, without being previously authorized by a permit of the president of the borough having jurisdiction, shall fill in or raise, or cause to be filled in or raised any street or public place or any part of such street or public place, or take up, remove, or carry away, or cause to be taken up, removed or carried away, any asphalt or asphalt blocks, flagstones, turf, stone, gravel, sand, clay or earth from any such street or public place. (C. O., §144; amended by ord. effective Feb. 9, 1915.) §81. Prevention of disturbances of street surface. Whenever any person shall attempt to take up the pavement of any street or remove any part of the paving thereof, without a permit, the borough president having jurisdiction shall take immediate steps to prevent such disturbances of the surface of the street and shall forthwith restore such flagging or pavement, as nearly as may be practicable, to the condition in which it was before such taking or removal as aforesaid, at the expense of the party removing the same, to be recovered as penalties are recovered. (C. O., §147; amended by ord. effective Feb. 9, 1915.) §82. Violations. Any person who shall violate any provisions of this article shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $50, or by imprisonment for not exceed- ing 30 days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. (§6, New Brighton ords.) Section 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. ARTICLE 9. Excavations. Permit required. Deposits to cover cost of restoration of pavement. Restrictions; borough of Richmond. Workmen on excavations. Excavations for public works. Excavations for private purposes. Replacement of pavement. Fees; borough of Richmond. Enforcement of article. 445 CHAP. 23, ART. 9, SECS. 90-92. §90. Permit required. No water company, gas company, telephone or electric light company, nor any person or association of persons shall be allowed to dig up any street or public place, for any purpose, without a written permit from the president of the borough in which the work is to be done. (C. O., §§138, 148.) §91. Deposits to cover cost of restoration of pavement. 1. When required. Each borough president, whenever granting a permit for any excavation, opening or disturbance of the pavement of the carriageway of any street or sidewalk thereof for any purpose whatever, except in cases where such open- ing, excavation or disturbance shall be directly authorized by law, shall require of the person by whom or for whose benefit any excavation or opening is to be made, a deposit of such sum as shall be deemed sufficient to cover and pay all the expenses on the part of the department granting the permit, as the case may be, for furnishing such material, doing such work, and taking such means as shall be required properly to restore and secure against sinkage the street and sidewalk, pavement, curb and flagging necessary to be replaced in consequence of making such excavation, opening or dis- turbance; which deposit shall be a full discharge of all liability and claim against the person making such deposit and payment for the work herein provided for and required of the department aforesaid. (C. O., §148.) 2. Deposits go to chamberlain. All moneys received as deposits under the pre- ceding subdivision shall be turned over to the chamberlain, who shall keep an account of the same which shall be separate and distinct from all other funds and accounts whatsoever, and such deposits shall constitute a “Special Fund,” in respect to each department separately, which is hereby created and established subject to such pay- ments as hereinafter provided for. (C. O., §149.) 3. Disbursements from deposits. Such sums as shall be certified by the borough presidents to have been necessarily expended by them for any repaving done, pursuant to this article, shall be paid from the appropriate “Special Fund,” upon the requisition of the borough presidents, as the case may be, after examination, audit and allowance of accounts by the finance department, in the same manner that payments are or shall be required by law to be made from the city treasury; provided that the amount so certified and paid shall not exceed the aggregate amount of such “Special Fund” (C. O., §151.) §92. Restrictions; borough of Richmond. The following shall apply to all excavations made in streets in the borough of Richmond : 1. Extent of opening. At the intersection of cross streets, not more than 1/2 of the width of the street shall be opened at one time; the other half shall remain untouched for the accommodation of traffic until the first half is restored for safe use. (§8, Richmond ords.) 2. Hydrants and mail boxes. All work shall be so prosecuted as not to inter- fere with easy access to fire hydrants and United States mail boxes. (§9, Richmond ords.) 3. Snow removal: The person or corporation to whom a permit for street open- ing is granted must remove, within 24 hours, all snow and ice that may fall or form upon the street within 5 feet upon either side of the opening and keep the space free from snow and ice until the opening is properly refilled. (§21, Richmond ords.) 4. Tunnelling. Tunnelling under crosswalks and railroad tracks shall not be allowed at any time. The bridge stones, forming crosswalks, must be removed and placed out of the way of street traffic, being carefully relaid and thoroughly bedded when the work is completed. (§7, Richmond ords.) 446 STREETS. 5. Inspection. (Added by ord. effective July 10, 1917*; repealed by ord. appd. Sept. 17, 1917.) §93. Workmen on excavations. A person to whom consent may be granted or a permit issued to use or open a street shall be required, before such consent or permit may be granted or issued, to agree that none but competent men, skilled in the work required of them, shall be employed thereon, and that the prevailing scale of union wages shall be paid to those so employed. No consent shall be granted or permission given until such agree- ment shall have been entered into, with the department having jurisdiction over the street to be so used or opened, and all such permits hereafter issued shall include therein a copy of this provision. (C. O., §1 13a. ) §94. Excavations for public works. 1. Notice to public service corporations. Whenever any sewer, culvert, water main or pipe is to be constructed, altered or repaired in any street in which the pipes, mains or conduits of public service corporations are laid, or whenever any such street shall be regulated or graded, the contractor therefor shall give notice thereof in writing to the said corporations, or to the one whose pipes, mains or conduits are laid in the street about to be so disturbed, regulated or graded, at least 24 hours before breaking ground therefor. This provision shall be included in every contract hereafter made for con- structing, altering or repairing any sewer or culvert, water main or pipe in any street in which the pipes, mains or conduits of public service corporations shall be laid at the time of making such contract, or for regulating or grading any such street. (C. O., §§163, 165; amended by ord. effective Feb. 9, 1915.) 2. Public service corporations shall protect their property. Public service corpora- tions whose pipes, mains or conduits are about to be disturbed by the constructing, altering or repairing of any sewer, culvert, water main or pipe, or by the regulating or grading of any street, shall, on the receipt of the notice provided for in the preced- ing subdivision, remove or otherwise protect and replace their pipes, mains and con- duits, and all fixtures and appliances connected therewith or attached thereto, where necessary, under the direction of the borough president. (C. O., §164; amended by ord. effective Feb. 9, 1915.) §95. Excavations for private purposes. 1. Notice to public service corporations. The person by whom or for whose bene- fit any excavation is to be made in any street shall give notice, in writing, thereof to any corporation whose pipes, mains or conduits are laid in the street about to be dis- turbed by such excavation, at least 24 hours before commencing the same; and shall, at his expense, sustain, secure and protect such pipes, mains or conduits from in- jury, and replace and pack the earth wherever the same shall have been removed, loos- ened or disturbed, under or around them, so that they shall be well and substantially supported. If any such person shall fail to sustain, secure and protect said pipes, mains or conduits from injury, or to replace and pack the earth under or around them, as the provisions of this section require, then the same may be done by the corporation to whom the same may belong, and the cost thereof, and all damages sustained by said corporation thereby, shall be paid by said person, and. in default thereof, such corpo- ration may maintain an action against him therefor. (C. O., §166; amended by ord. effective Feb. 9, 1915.) 2. Permits conditional upon such notice. The provisions of the preceding sub- division shall be made part and a condition of every permit that shall be granted to any person for making any excavation in any street in which the pipes, mains or conduits of any public service corporation shall be laid at the time of granting said permits; pro- 447 CHAP. 23, ART. 9, SECS. 96, 97. vided such corporations or any of them shall secure such permits, or pay a just propor- tion of the fees therefor. (C. O., §162; amended by ord. effective Feb. 9, 1915.) §96. Replacement of pavement. 1. General provisions. Whenever any pavement, sidewalk, curb or gutter in any street or public place shall be taken up, the borough president having jurisdiction shall restore such pavement, sidewalk, curb or gutter to its proper condition as soon there- after as is practicable, requiring the person or persons by whom or for whose benefit the same is removed to deposit the material composing the superstructure, without breaking or injuring the same, and in a manner which will occasion the least incon- venience to the public; to fill in any excavation made, and to leave the same properly packed, rammed and repaired for any required repaving. Each borough president is hereby authorized to establish such rules and regulations as, in his judgment, shall be deemed necessary for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this subdivision. (C. O., §150.) 2. Rock refills. Wherever rock is excavated, not more than 1/3 of the total excavation shall be refilled with the broken stone, which must be in pieces not ex- ceeding 6 inches in their largest dimension, and mingled with clean earth and sand, and restored in such manner as to insure the thorough and compact filling of all spaces. (§6, Richmond ords.) 3. Restoration by borough presidents. Whenever any pavement in any street shall be taken up, or any paving stones in a street shall have been removed in vio- lation of the preceding sections, the president of the borough having jurisdiction shall forthwith return such stones to their former places, and shall otherwise restore the pavement, as nearly as may be practicable, to its normal condition. (C. O., §145.) §97. Fees; borough of Richmond. 1. Restoration of pavement. Fees for the restoration of pavement shall be paid by the person responsible for a street excavation in the borough of Richmond, as follows : a. For areas less than 10 square yards: Restoring granite or other blocks with portland cement joints on concrete foundation, per square yard $6 30 Restoring granite or other blocks with sand or tar joints, brick sheet asphalt and bituminous concrete ; on concrete foundation and bituminous macadam pavement, per square yard 4 90 Restoring concrete pavement, per square yard 3 50 Restoring macadam bounded with tarvia, per square yard 2 80 Restoring macadam surfaced with tarvia and grits, and improved granite block on sand grouted, per square yard, and new curb on concrete, per linear foot 1 75 Restoring granite or other blocks of sand with sand joints per square yard. 1 40 Restoring plain macadam, per square yard 1 10 Restoring old curb on concrete, per linear foot, and old bridging per square foot 70 Restoring new flagstone, per square foot 40 Restoring cement sidewalk per square foot, and old curb on sand per linear foot 35 Restoring unpaved streets, per square yard 20 Restoring old flagstone, per square foot 15 2. Areas in excess of 10 square yards. The fees for such excavations in the bor- ough of Richmond shall be such as may be determined by the president of the bor- 448 STREETS. ough or his representative. The area of surface to be repaved shall in all cases be computed by the president of the borough or his representative, from the diagram in the application as verified or corrected by comparison with the maps and records on file. 3. Inspection of back filling. The fee for the inspection of the back filling of any trench in a street in the borough of Richmond shall be as follows : For trenches not more than 4 feet in depth, nor more than 30 feet in length $3 00 For trenches over 4 feet and under 9 feet in depth and not more than 30 feet in length 4 50 For trenches over 9 feet and under 15 feet in depth and not more than 30 feet in length 6 00 For trenches of greater dimensions than the foregoing, special charge, as may be determined by the president of the borough, or his representative. (§11, Richmond ords. ; amd. by ord. appd. April 27, 1918.) §98. Enforcement of article. 1. Duties of police. All policemen shall be vigilant in the enforcement of the provisions of this article, and shall report, through proper channels, any violation thereof to the corporation counsel. Policemen, on observing or being informed of the opening of or excavating in any street, shall require the person making such opening or excavation to exhibit the authority or permission therefor; and, if none has been given, or if the exhibition thereof be refused, the officer shall, without delay, make complaint to the corporation counsel and report the same to the president of the borough in which the violation occurs, through the police commissioner. (C. O., §161.) 2. Violations. Any person who shall violate any provision of this article shall forfeit and pay a penalty of $50, and, in addition thereto shall be liable to pay the ex- pense of repairing or replacing any pavement removed or damaged by him. (C. O., §138.) ARTICLE 10. House numbering. Section 110. General provisions. 111. Borough presidents to adjust numbering. 112. Numbers in certain sections of Manhattan. §110. General provisions. 1. Requirements. The owner, agent, lessee or other person in charge of any building in the city upon a street to which street numbers of buildings have been assigned by the president of the borough in which such building is situate, shall cause the proper street number or numbers of such building to be displayed on the fanlight or transom or door, or entrance steps or gate, or at the nearest practicable point to the entrance of such building, in such manner that the street number or numbers may at all times be plainly legible from the sidewalk in front of such building; provided however, that so far as the purpose or intent of this section is concerned, the “front” shall be construed as that side of the building which faces the street on which the number or numbers of such building, or premises on which such building is situate, have been allotted, and that the number or numbers shall be displayed on such side of such building or premises. (Ord. effective Apr. 16, 1912; amended by ord. effective July 7, 1916.) 2. Violations. If the owner, lessee, agent or other person in charge of any building in the city, upon a street to which street numbers of buildings have been assigned by the president of the borough in which such building is situate, shall fail to display the proper street number of such building, as provided in the foregoing paragraph, within 30 days after this ordinance shall take effect, the president of the 449 CHAP. 23, ARTS. 10, 11, SECS. 111-122. borough in which such building is situate shall forthwith serve such person or persons with a copy of this section, and if, after 30 days’ service, the owner, lessee, agent or other person in charge of such building shall fail or neglect to comply with the provisions thereof, be shall be subject to a penalty of $25, which shall be sued for and collected in the name of the city. (Id.) §111. Borough presidents to adjust numbering. In all cases where a street shall have been numbered or renumbered, the borough president having jurisdiction shall thereafter adjust and renumber such street as the same may be required, from time to time. In numbering and renumbering houses, he shall leave sufficient numbers on each block, so that, under any circumstances, there would be but one block where a change would be required, in case of renumbering at any subsequent time. (C. O., §§101, 104.) §112. Numbers in certain sections of Manhattan. Whenever any street north of 9th street, inclusive, in the borough of Manhattan, shall be directed to be numbered or renumbered, the president of said borough shall cause the numbers to commence at Fifth avenue, numbering east and west, beginning with No. 1, on the west side of Fifth avenue ; No. 100, on the west side of Sixth avenue; No. 200, on the west side of Seventh avenue, and so on, east and west of Fifth avenue, through the whole series of streets north of 9th street, and including 9th street; and said streets shall hereafter be called and known as East 9th and West 9th street, and so on; the dividing line to be Fifth avenue. (C. O., §102.) ARTICLE 11. Lights. Section 120. Breaking or carrying away lamps or fixtures. 121. Removal of lamp-posts or electric light poles. 122. Violations. §120. Breaking or carrying away lamps or fixtures. No person shall wilfully break, deface, take down, carry away, or interfere with any lamp or any gas or electric light apparatus, or any part thereof, which shall be hung or fixed in any street or public place, or extinguish the light therein except by proper authority. (Charter, §1462.) §121. Removal of Iamp=posts or electric light poles. No person shall take up, remove or carry away any lamp-post or electric light pole in any street or public place, without permission of the commissioner of water supply, gas and electricity. Any person who shall take up and temporarily remove any lamp-post or electric light pole, under a permit or by other lawful authority, shall cause the same to be reset at his own expense immediately upon the ‘completion of the work that necessitated its removal. (C. O., §§297, 298.) §122. Violations. Any person who shall violate any provision of this article shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $50, or by imprisonment for not exceeding 30 days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. (Charter, §1462.) ARTICLE 12. Noises. Section 130. General provisions. 131. Hospital streets. 132. School streets. 132a. Motor vehicles; warning or signalling device required. 450 STREETS. Section 133. 134. 135. 136. Peddlers, hawkers and venders. Junkmen. Metal rails, pillars and columns, transportation of. Showmen. §130. General provisions. No person shall make, aid, countenance, encourage or assist in making any un- usual or improper noise, riot or disturbance in any street or public place, to the annoyance or inconvenience of travelers, or of persons residing adjacent thereto; nor shall any person use any profane, obscene or vulgar language in any street, or public place. (§1, Arverne.) §131. Hospital streets. The several borough presidents are hereby authorized to erect on lamp-posts, or, in the absence of lamp-posts, on such posts as they may find occasion to erect, at corners intersecting streets on which may be located a hospital, lying-in asylum, sana- torium or other institution reserved fo'r the treatment of the sick, a sign or signs displaying the words, “Notice — Hospital Street,” and such other warning or admoni- tion to pedestrians and drivers to refrain from fast driving or making any noise as may tend to disturb the peace and quiet of any o'r all of the inmates of such institu- tion. No person shall make any unnecessary noise, nor drive at a speed faster than a walk, on any street designated as a “Hospital Street,” for which such warning signs have been erected. (C. O., §260e.) §132. School streets. 1. Signs. The several borough presidents are hereby authorized to erect, on lamp posts, or, in the absence of lamp posts, on such posts as they may find occasion to erect, at corners or intersecting streets on which may be located a school, a sign or signs displaying the words, “Notice — School Street,” and such other warning or admonition to pedestrians and drivers not to make any unnecessary noise, no'r to drive at such speed as may tend to disturb the peace and quiet of the pupils and teachers of such school, as may be deemed to be expedient. (Ord. effective April 16, 1912.) 2. Noisy vehicular traffic. The police commissioner is authorized in his discre- tion to cause all heavy, noisy vehicular traffic to be diverted from the immediate block or blocks upon which any school shall be located, during the period between the hours of 8.45 a. m. and 3.15 p. m. of every school day. (Id.) 3. Noise lessening pavement. The several borough presidents are hereby author- ized, in their discretion, to repave the streets immediately contiguous to schools with such noise lessening pavement as may meet with their approval. (Id.) 4. Prohibitions. No person shall make any unnecessary noise, drive at a speed faster than a walk, or violate any traffic rule or regulation of the police department on any street which has beem designated as a “School Street,” fo'r which such warning signs have been erected. (Id.) §132a. Motor vehicles; warning or signalling device required. Every motorcycle or motor vehicle operated or driven on the streets of this city shall be provided with an adequate warning or signalling device. This device, whether a horn or whistle, must be operated by hand power or electricity, and the use of horns, whistles or other devices operated by the engine exhaust of motorcycles or motor vehicles is prohibited. (Added by ord. appd. Dec. 13, 1918.) §133. Peddlers, hawkers and venders. 1. Generally. No peddler, vender, hawker or huckster, who plies a trade or calling of whatsoever nature on the streets, shall blow upon or use, or suffer o.r permit to be blown upon o'r used, any horn or other instrument or device, nor make or suffer 451 CHAP . 23, ARTS. 12, 13, SECS. 134-136. or permit to be made any noise, tending to disturb the peace and quiet of a neighbor- hood, for the purpose of directing attention to his wares, trade Or calling. No peddler shall cry or sell his wares or merchandise on Sunday, nor after 9 o’clock p. m., nor cry his wares before 8 o’clock in the- morning of any day, except Saturdays, when they shall be allowed to cry or sell their wares or merchandise until 11.30 o’clock p. m. (C. O., §551; §5, Manhattan ords.) 2. Special restrictions. No peddler shall be allowed to cry his wares within a distance o’f 250 feet of any school, court house, church or building in which religious services are held, during school hours or hours of public worship, or hours of holding court, respectively, nor at any time within a like distance of any hospital, asylum or other like institution, no'r within a distance of 250 feet of any dwelling house or other building, when directed or requested by an occupant thereof not to do so. (§6, Man- hattan ords.) §134. Junkmen. No junkman, or other person engaged in the buying or selling of goods, chattels or merchandise of any kind, shall use or employ on any street any bell exceeding 6 ounces in weight, attached to his vehicle or horse, or in any other manner ; nor more than 3 bells at, any one time, or cause or allow the same to be done. (§78, Brooklyn ords.) §135. Metal rails, pillars and columns, transportation of. All rails, pillars or columns of iron, steel or other material, which are being transported over and along the streets upon carts, drays, cars or in any other manner, shall be so loaded as to avoid causing loud noises or disturbing the peace and quiet of such streets. (C. O., §529.) §136. Showmen. No person shall beat a drum or operate any other instrument, for the purpose of attracting attention to any show of beasts, birds or other things ; nor shall any person use or perform with, or hire, procure or abet any other person td use or perform with any musical or other instrument in any street or public place, unless he shall be licensed, as such, under the provisions of §171 of chapter 14 of this ordinance. The provisions of this section shall apply to itinerant musicians and side-shows, but shall not be construed so as to affect any band of music or organized musical society, engaged in any military or civic parade or in serenading, that shall comply with the laws of the state or the provisions of §38 o'f chapter 24 of this ordinance relating to parades, nor to any musical performance conducted under a license from the proper municipal authority. (§39, Manhattan ords.) ARTICLE 13. Obstructions and Incumbrances. Section 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. Special uses of streets. Building construction, sidewalk bridges. Building material. Earth, rocks and rubbish. House moving. Posts and poles. Removal of abandoned poles. Show cases. Stairways and hoistways. Stands within stoop lines. Storm-doors. Removal of obstructions and incumbrances. Vehicles, merchandise and other movable property. 452 STREETS. §140. Special uses of streets. No person shall, except as otherwise provided in this code, incumber or obstruct any street or sidewalk which has been opened, regulated or graded, according to law, with any article or thing whatsoever. (C. O., §219; amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) §141. Building construction, sidewalk bridges. Persons who desire to erect large buildings may erect and maintain a bridge, not to exceed 7 feet in height above the sidewalk and 6 feet in width, extending the whole length of the proposed building; the steps leading to the same to rest upon the sidewalk of the adjoining premises. (C. O., §211.) §142. Building material. 1. Permit. The president of each borough shall have power to grant permits to builders to occupy not to exceed l /z of the carriage way of any street with building material; provided in his opinion the interests and convenience of the public will not suffer thereby. At the time of placing such material in the street, the permit so granted shall forthwith be posted in some conspicuous place on or near the material and shall be kept there so as to be readily accessible to inspection. (§1, Brooklyn ords., amended by ord. effective May 2, 1916.) 2. Conditions. Such permits shall provide expressly that they are given upon condition that the sidewalks and gutters shall at all times be kept clear and unob- structed, and that all dirt and rubbish shall be promptly removed, from time to time, by the party obtaining such permit, and that all such permits may be revoked by the borough president, at pleasure. (Id.) 3. Deposit. Except as otherwise specifically provided in this article, no such permit shall be granted to any builder unless he shall, at the time said permit is granted, have on deposit with the borough president the sum of $50, as a guarantee that he will promptly comply with the conditions of all permits which may be so granted, in- cluding the prompt removal of all dirt and rubbish placed upon the street, from time to time, and also for the prompt removal, after the expiration or revocation of any such permit, of any building material placed upon any street thereunder. Each bor- ough president is hereby authorized and empowered to use so much of the moneys so deposited as may be required to effect the prompt removal of such dirt or rubbish as may, from time to time, be left upon the streets by the party making the deposit, and also for the purpose of removing any building material which may remain thereon after the expiration or revocation of any permit under which it was so placed. In case any such deposit shall become impaired or exhausted, by its use by a borough president in the removal of dirt, rubbish, or building material, the amount shall be made up immediately, to the sum of $50, on notice from the borough president, and, in default thereof, all permits theretofore issued to the builder failing to comply with such notice shall be revoked, and no permit shall be thereafter granted to him until such deposit be made good. Any builder may at any time withdraw his deposit; pro- vided he shall hold no unexpired permits and have fully complied with ail the con- ditions of all permits theretofore issued, otherwise said builder shall be only entitled to withdraw and receive as much of the deposit as may remain unexpended after the provisions of this section, relative to the use of said money for the removal of dirt, rubbish or building material, as the case may be, have been carried into effect. (Id.) 4. Restrictions, a. In placing building materials in a street, the material shall be so placed as not to occupy more than l /z of the width of the carriageway of the street. In a street upon which there is a railroad, materials shall not be placed nearer to the track than 2 feet. (C. O., §211.) 453 CHAP. 23, ART. 13, SECS. 143-145. b. In no case shall building material be placed, nor shall mortar, cement or other material be mixed, upon the pavement of a street paved with asphalt, asphalt block or wood, except under a permit issued by the borough president having juris- diction, which shall contain a provision that such pavement shall be protected by first laying planks thereon. Borough presidents, or other officers issuing permits to builders to use the streets, shall insert in each such permit a clause requiring compliance with this provision. (C. O., §270.) 5. Unauthorized obstructions. Whenever any wood, timber, stone, iron or other building material has been or shall be put or placed in or upon any street without a permit, the borough president having jurisdiction shall forthwith cause the same to be taken up and removed. (C. O., §146.) §143. Earth, rocks and rubbish. In all cases where the sidewalk or roadway of a street shall be encumbered or obstructed by the caving in or falling off of any earth, rocks, rubbish, or anything what- ever, from any lot adjoining such sidewalks or carriageway, the owner, or occupant of such lot shall cause such earth, rocks, rubbish or other thing to be removed and cleaned from such sidewalk or carriageway, within 3 days after a written or printed notice shall have been served by the borough president, or other person in his name, on such owner, personally, or shall have been left at the place of residence of such owner, in this city; or, if such owner does not reside in the city and such notice shall not be personally served, then, within 20 days after such notice shall have been sent by mail, addressed to such owner at his place of residence, or, when such residence is unknown to the said borough president, shall have been posted in a conspicuous place on said premises.. If the owner, occupant or agent does not comply with such notice, within the time specified in this section, after notice thereof, the borough president having jurisdiction shall cause the same to be removed at the expense of the owner, occupant or agent, and such expense shall be sued for and recovered in the name of the city. The corporation counsel shall cause a statement of such cost and expense, together with the description of the premises, to be filed in the office of the county clerk of the appropriate county. (§§H, 12, Brooklyn ords.) §144. House moving. No person shall remove, or cause or permit to be removed, or aid or assist in removing, any building or structure into, along or across any street or public place, without permission of the president of the borough having jurisdiction; under the penalty of $250 for each offense. Each borough president is authorized to grant per- mits for moving buildings through and across public highways, taking in each case a proper bond to secure the city against loss or damage incident to said moving. The' applicant for a permit to move a building on or across a street, where there are car tracks or overhead wire construction, must obtain and file with the application the consent of the company affected. (C. O., §269.) §145. Posts and poles. 1. General provisions. No post or pole shall be erected or put up in any street, unless under a permit of the president of the borough having jurisdiction. (C. O. § 220 .) 2. Barber poles. Barber poles, not exceeding 8 feet in height above the sidewalk level, and other emblematic signs may be placed within the stoop-lines or fastened to the railing of any stoop, under the same conditions as to dimensions, consent, etc., as hereinafter provided in the section relating to show-cases. (C. O., §263.) 3. Ornamental lamp-posts. Ornamental posts, surmounted by lamps, may be erected within stoop lines and on sidewalks, near the curb, in front of hotels, churches, theatres, railroad stations, places of business, apartment houses and places of public 454 STREETS. assemblage, in any street or public place. No such post shall exceed in dimensions at the base more than 18 inches in diameter, if circular in form, and, if upon a square base, no side thereof shall exceed 18 inches; provided that one of the lamps, to be installed and maintained on each of the lamp-posts to be erected, shall be lighted and remain lighted every night, during the hours prescribed for public street lamps. The work to be done and illuminant supplied shall be at the expense of the person maintaining such posts and lamps. (C. O., §299; ord. effective July 24, 1912; amended by ord. effective Nov. 13, 1917.) §146. Removal of abandoned poles. All telegraph, telephone and electric light poles, wires or conductors which, at the time of the passage of this ordinance, shall have been standing for 3 months prior thereto, disused or abandoned, or which shall hereafter remain or stand disused, or become disused or abandoned, in, over or upon any street or public place, shall be forthwith removed, but for sufficient cause shown the borough president having juris- diction may, by one qr more orders, extend the time for such removal for periods not exceeding 1 year each. The persons owning, operating, managing or controlling poles, wires or appurtenances which may have been so disused or abandoned, or which may be dangerous or unsafe, shall take down and remove them, and, upon their failure to do so, the president of the borough having jurisdiction shall remove the same forthwith, at the expense of such persons. Before such removal, the borough president, except in cases where a condition of danger exists, shall mail a notice thereof to the last known address of such persons, a copy of which shall be posted for a period of 10 days on each of such poles prior to its removal. (§§23-25, Arverne ords ; ord. effective Feb. 9, 1915.) §147. Show cases. Show-cases may be placed in areas or on the sidewalk, within the stoop-line in from of any building, by or with the consent of the occupant of the ground floor thereof, but not beyond 5 feet from the house line or wall of any building where the stoop-line extends further, except on streets where the stoop-lines have been abolished by the board of estimate; but no such show-case shall be more than 5 feet in height, above the sidewalk level, 3 feet in length, and 2 feet in width, nor shall it be so placed as to interfere with the free access to the adjoining premises. All such show-cases shall be freely movable. (C. O., §263.) §148. Hoistways. Hoistways may be placed within 5 feet of the building line, and shall be provided with approved trap doors and, when not in actual use, guarded by iron railings or rods to prevent accidents to passersby. (Amended by ord. effective Dec. 28, 1915.) §149. Stands within stoop lines and under elevated railroad stations. 1. General provisions. No persons shall have or use any bootblack stand outside of any building, and there shall be no booth or stand erected or maintained within the stoop lines of any building, or under the stairs of the elevated railroad stations, without first procuring a license therefor, as hereinafter provided. (C. O., §361.) 2. Licenses. Stands within stoop lines may be permitted and licensed, with the consent of the owner of the abutting premises, for the sale of newspapers, periodicals, fruits, soda water, cigars, cigarettes, tobacco, candies, confectionery articles and the blacking of boots, but such licenses for the sale of soda water, cigars, cigarettes, tobacco, candies and confectionery articles shall be limited to stand licenses and loca- tions thereof in effect on May 18, 1916. All licenses for such stands shall be granted and issued by the commissioner of licenses. Any person desiring to erect a stand or booth for the sale of newspapers and periodicals underneath the stairs of any of the 455 CHAP. 23, ART. 13, SEC . 149. elevated railroad stations shall file an application in the department of licenses, in which the applicant shall specify the location for such stand. Applicants for new licenses shall be divided into four grades : (a) Persons physically handicapped who have been honorably discharged from the United States Military or Naval Services : (b) Other persons who are physically handicapped; (c) Deserving widows of licensees ; (d) Persons not falling within grades a, b or c. No license shall be granted to any persons in grades b, c or d, unless all applica- tions then pending of applicants in prior grades shall have first been disposed of. The commissioner shall require proof by certificate or otherwise of any fact claimed to entitled applicant to preferred grade. The grade of the licensee shall appear upon the license. This sub paragraph shall not apply to the renewal of a then existing license to the same licensee. If the holder of a license issued under the provisions of this section shall die, and leave behind a widow or other family dependent the license for such stand shall con- tinue in full force and effect for their benefit until its expiration, and such widow or other family dependent* as the case may be, shall be given preference in a renewal of the same. (C. O., §362; amended by ord. effective July 13, 1916; amd. by ord. effective Dec. 30, 1919; again amd. by ord. appd. Jan. 6, 1921.) 3. Conditions. Every license granted pursuant to this section for a stand under the stairs of an elevated railway station shall contain the following reservation : “It is expressly agreed and understood that this permit is given subject to the right of the elevated railway company affected, its agents, employees, successors or assigns, or the owner of said stairway, at any time properly to inspect, paint, repair, renew, recon- struct or remove said stairway, or any portion thereof, and without claim on the parts of said license, as against said company, its agents, employees, successors or assigns, or the ow.ner of said stairway, for damages to or interference with said booth or stand, or the business therein conducted, occasioned by such inspection, painting repair, renewal, reconstruction or removal.” (C. O., §366.) 4. License fees; term. The annual license fee for a stand under the stairs of an elevated railway station shall be $10. All stands within the stoop line shall be classified and the annual license fee therefor shall be fixed and collected as specified in the schedule following: (a) Stands for the sale of newspapers, periodicals or both, $5; (b) Stands for the sale of fruits, or soda water or both, $10; (c) Stands for the sale of cigars, or cigarettes, or tobacco, or the three, $5; (d) Stands for the sale of candies or confectionery articles, or both, $5; (e) Boot black stands, each chair, $5. A license may be issued, in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this sec- tion, and in the discretion of the commissioner, covering the sale of any combination of the classes of goods mentioned above, to be sold, however, from only one stand not exceeding the legal size hereinafter prescribed in this section ; except that where boot black chairs are included in the combination, the space hereinafter prescribed for boot black chairs may be allowed in addition to the stand for the sale of other articles. The fees to be paid for such combination licenses shall be calculated in accordance with the above schedule for each kind of article permitted to be sold, or for each boot black chair to be operated. No license shall be required for stands within stoop lines for the sale of news- papers, periodicals or both, in cases when such stands are conducted by dealers who are the owners or occupants of the premises or stores in front of which the same are situated. Licenses for stands within stoop lines or under the stairs of any elevated 456 STREETS. railway station shall be issued as of December 1, and shall expire on the 30th day of November next succeeding the date of issuance thereof. No fee, however, shall be charged an applicant for a license hereunder, for any kind of stand whatever, and preference shall be given at all times in the case of stands under stairs of an elevated railway to one who is a disabled veteran of any war in which the United States was or is engaged (having served under the American colors), satisfactory evidence thereof having been presented to the commissioner. (C. O., §§263, 264; amended by ords. effective March 14, 1914, July 16, 1915, July 13, 1916; amd. by ord. appd. July 26, 1918.) 5. Construction of stand or booth. No stand or booth under the stairs of an elevated railway station, and no projection therefrom, shall be erected that is wider than the width of the stairs under which it is placed, nor that extends along the side- walk a greater distance than to a point where the under surface of the stairs is not over 7 feet from the level of the sidewalk. The stand shall be constructed, erected and maintained at the expense of the applicant, under the direction of the president of the borough in which it is located, and upon plans to be approved by the chief engineer of the elevated railroad company effected, so as to permit of a ready removal of so much thereof as may be necessary to enable the said company, its agents or employees, to get convenient access to any part of the stairway, for the purpose of inspecting, painting or repairing the same. Each such stand shall be painted the same color as the stairs of the elevated railroad, and no advertisement shall be painted or displayed thereon. (C. O., §365.) 6. Restrictions, a. Every stand, other than a stand or booth under the stairs of an elevated railway station, must be strictly within the stoop line, and shall not be an obstruction to the free use of the sidewalk by the public. It shall not exceed the space of 10 feet long by 4 feet wide; except that, in the case of bootblack stands, a space not more than 3 feet long and 4 feet wide may be occupied by each chair of the stand. (C. O., §364; amended by ord. effective July 7, 1916.) b. No person shall be permitted to sleep in any portion of a stand; nor to hold more than 1 license. (C. O., §364.) c. No bootblack stand shall be provided with more than 3 chairs. (C. O., §364.) 7. Licenses to be displayed. The license for a stand or booth, issued under any provision of this section, must be displayed thereon, so as to be easily visible at all times. (C. O., §368.) 8. Licenses not transferable. No license issued under any provision of this section shall be transferable, with or without consideration. Any license transferred to another person shall immediately thereupon cease and determine, and the privileges thereunder come to an end; provided that the commissioner of licenses may transfer a license to another location for the period of its unexpired term, in case the applica- tion for such transfer shall be accompanied by the consent of the owner of the premises to which the proposed transfer is to be made; and provided further, that such transfer is not sought for a license to sell articles other than newspapers, periodicals, and fruit at a location which was not duly licensed and in effect on May 18, 1916, but shall be in accordance with the provisions of subdivision 2 of this section. Any person who shall be guilty of a violation of the provisions of this subdivision shall not thereafter be granted a license, permit or other privilege to keep a stand within the stoop line or under an elevated railroad station, for the sale of any of the articles as hereinbefore provided in subdivisions 2 and 4 of this section, nor for the blacking of boots. Further, any person found guilty of violating any provisions of this subdivision, by a court of competent jurisdiction, shall be subject to a fine of not less than $50 nor more than $500. The commissioner of licenses shall have the language of this subdivision printed in bold type on all applications for licenses and 457 CHAP. 23, ART. 13, SECS. 150, 151. on all licenses granted, under the provisions of this article. (C. O. §372a; amended by ord. effective Dec. 28, 1915, and July 13, 1916.) 9. Revocation of consent of property owner. Upon the written revocation by the owner, in front of or adjoining whose property any such booth or stand shall have been erected, of any consent that shall have been given therefor, signed by such owner or owners and filed in the office of the commissioner of licenses, the commis- sioner shall revoke the license or permit for such booth or stand, and the same shall thereupon cease, determine and become null and void. (C. O., §372.) 10. Report to police department. The commissioner of licenses shall furnish the police commissioner with a list of all unexpired licenses issued under any pro- vision of this section, containing the names of all persons to whom licenses have been issued, the place and business for which issued and the date of the expiration of each license. Thereafter, during the first week of each month, the police commissioner shall send to each police precinct commander a list of all such licenses issued in his precinct, which shall contain the name of each licensee, the location of his stand or business and the date of the expiration of his license, and also a list of all licenses expiring during the month for which the report is sent. (C. O., §371.) §150. Storm=doors. Storm-doors not exceeding 10 feet in height, nor more than 2 feet wider than the doorway or entrance of any building, may be temporarily erected within the stoop- lines ; providing a permit therefor shall have been obtained from the borough president having jurisdiction; but in no case shall any storm-door extend more than 6 feet outside the house-line. No structure under the name of “storm-door” shall be lawful which shall practically be an extension of the building front or house front, within the stoop-line, or an enlargement of the ground floor of any premises. (C. O., §263.) §151. Removal of obstructions and incumbrances. 1. Jurisdiction. Except as otherwise specifically provided in this chapter, each borough president is empowered to direct the removal of any article or thing whatso- ever which may incumber or obstruct any street or public place within his jurisdiction. (C. O., §94.) 2. Corporation yards. Manhattan: a. (Repealed by ord. approved July 20, 1916.) b. So much of the space under the Manhattan bridge, between Madison and Monroe streets, in the borough of Manhattan, is designated as a corporation yard for use by the president of the said borough. (Id.) The jurisdiction over the corporation yards, except such as are or shall be estab- lished by the commissioner of street cleaning, is vested in the respective borough presidents. (C. O., §99.) 3. Redemption of articles removed. Except as otherwise provided in this article, all articles removed from a street or public place, under this section, may be redeemed by the owner upon his paying to the borough president, for the use of the city, the necessary expenses of removal, together with 6 cents per day for each cart-load thereof during the time it shall remain unclaimed. (C. O., §96.) 4. Reimbursement for expenses of removal. Each borough president shall, between the 1st and 10th days of February, May, August and November, and at any other time he may designate, in each year, advertise and sell, at public auction, all such articles so removed as shall have been in the public yard, or other suitable place, 1 month prior to the time of advertising; and he shall, immediately after such sale, account for and pay the proceeds thereof into the city treasury. (C. O., §98.) 5. Records and accounts. Each borough president shall enter in a book, to be provided for that purpose, a list of all articles removed, under the authority of this section, with the time of removal and the expenses thereof ; and, when any of the 458 STREETS. same shall be redeemed, he shall likewise enter therein the name of the person redeeming the same and the amount received therefor, and shall render a certified account thereof to the comptroller on Thursday of each week, and shall, thereupon, pay over the amount so received to the chamberlain. He shall also, thereupon, receive from the chamberlain duplicate vouchers for the payment thereof, one of which he shall, on the same day, file in the office of the comptroller. (C. O., §97.) §152. Vehicles, merchandise and other movable property. 1. Must not be left in street. No person, being the owner or the agent, or the employee of the owner of any truck, cart, wagon or other vehicles, or of any box, barrel, bale of merchandise or other movable property, shall leave, or suffer or permit to be left such vehicle, merchandise or other movable property upon any public street, except upon such portion of any marginal street or wharf or place as, by the pro- visions of the charter, is committed to the custody and control of the commissioner of docks, nor shall any person erect or cause to be erected any shed, building or other obstruction upon any street. In case of an accident to a truck, cart, wagon or other vehicle, the owner or driver thereof, if it be disabled by such accident, shall be allowed a reasonable time, not exceeding 3 hours, to remove it. (Charter, §1456.) 2. Removal of such obstructions. The commissioner of street cleaning shall remove, or cause to be removed, all unharnessed trucks, carts, wagons and vehicles of any description found in any public street or public place, and also all boxes, barrels, bales of merchandise and other movable property found upon any public street or place, not including, however, any portion of marginal street, place or wharf which, by the provision of any law or statute, is committed to the custody and control of the commissioner of docks. The commissioner of street cleaning is hereby author- ized with the consent and approval of the board of sinking fund commissioners, to lease a suitable yard or yards to which trucks, carts, wagons and vehicles, boxes, bales, barrels and other things, removed under the authority of this section, shall be taken. (Charter, §545.) 3. Reimbursement for expenses of removal. The street cleaning commissioner shall, from time to time, as often as he shall deem necessary, sell, or cause to be sold, as hereinafter provided, at public auction, at such yard or yards, the said trucks, carts, wagons, vehicles, boxes, barrels and other things so removed. Whenever the com- missioner or deputy commissioner shall have removed or caused to be removed any such truck, cart, wagon, vehicle, box, barrel, bale or other thing, and shall deem it necessary to sell it, and before making the sale thereof, he shall file, with a justice of the municipal court of the city, a written petition, verified by oath, setting forth the facts which bring the case within this section, together with a brief description of each of the trucks, carts, wagons, vehicles, boxes, barrels or other things so removed in his custody and possession as street cleaning commis- sioner at the time of filing such petition, stating either the name of the owner, or that this name is not known to the petitioner and cannot be ascertained with reason- able diligence, and praying for a final order, directing the sale of the property so seized or removed, and the application of the proceeds thereof, as herein prescribed. Upon the presentation of the petition, the justice must issue a precept, under his hand, directed to the persons whose names appear in the petition as owners, if stated in the petition, or, if not stated, directed generally to all persons having any interest in the property so seized and removed, and briefly reciting in substance the other facts stated in the petition and requiring the person or persons to whom the precept is directed to show cause before a justice of the said court, at a time and place specified therein, not less than 10 nor more than 20 days after the issuing of the precept, why the prayer of the petition should not be granted. The precept shall be served by posting a copy thereof in at least 2 public and conspicuous places in the city, 459 CHAP. 23, ART. 13, SEC. 152. one of which shall be the office of the said commissioner of street cleaning, and the second of which shall be the yard to which the property shall have been removed, and a copy of which precept shall be so posted within 3 days after the precept shall have been issued. A brief abstract of the precept shall be published in the City Record and corporation newspapers, within 5 days after the issue, and not later than 3 days before the return day mentioned in the precept. At the time and place when the precept is returnable, the commissioner must furnish proof of the service of said precept as herein prescribed, and any person named in the petition and precept, or otherwise, having an interest in the property seized, may appear on the return day of the precept and make himself a party to the proceeding by filing a written answer, subscribed by him or his attorney and verified by the oath of the person subscribing it, denying absolutely, or upon information and belief, one or more material allegations in the petition and setting forth his interest in the property seized. The subsequent proceedings before the justice shall be the same as in an action in the municipal court where an issue of fact has been joined, and, if the decision of the justice is in favor of the petitioner, the justice must make a final order, the same as though no appearance or trial were had, except to recite the appearance and trial before him. If no person appears and answers, the justice shall make a final order, directed to the commissioner of street cleaning, command- ing him to sell at public auction all of the property seized and described in the peti- tion, at the yard to which said property was removed, for the best price which he can obtain therefor. Before making any such sale, the said commissioner or deputy commissioner shall give public notice in the City Record and corporation papers as by this act prescribed, not later than 3 days before the day of such sale, and such notice of sale shall specify the time and place of the sale, and shall contain a general description of the property to be sold, but no particular description of any article shall be contained therein. The sale shall be made, at the time and place specified in said notice of sale, by the commissioner or a deputy commissioner of his department, or by an auctioneer, designated for such sale by the commissioner. Immediately after the sale, the commissioner shall pay to the comptroller the pro- ceeds thereof, and shall, at the same time, transmit to the comptroller an itemized statement of the articles sold, with the price received for each article and a certificate of the cost and expenses incurred by the said commissioner in making such con- demnation and sales. The comptroller shall credit and add to the appropriation for the department of street cleaning, from the proceeds of such sale, the amount of said costs and expenses of such condemnation and sale as hereinbefore provided, and, in addition thereto, such an amount for each incumbrance seized or taken, condemned and sold, as hereinbefore provided, not to exceed $10, as may be esti- mated and fixed by the commissioner of street cleaning as necessary to pay the cost of seizing, removing and keeping or storing such encumbrances ; and the remainder of the moneys realized from such sale shall be paid without interest, to the lawful owners of the several articles sold. Any payment to a person apparently entitled thereto, under the provisions of this section, shall be a good defense to the city against any other person claiming to be entitled to such payment; but, if the person to whom such payment is made is not in fact entitled thereto, the person to whom the same ought to have been paid may recover the same, with interest and costs of suit, as so much money had and received to his use, by the person to whom the same shall have been paid. (Charter, §545.) 4. Redemption of property removed. The owner of any truck, cart, wagon, vehicle, box, barrel, bale or other thing, removed from any public street or place, under the provisions of this section, may redeem his property at any time after its removal, upon payment to the commissioner of street cleaning of such sum as he may fix, not to exceed $10, for each article redeemed. The sum thus paid shall be 460 I STREETS. immediately transmitted to the comptroller, and shall be by him added and credited to the appropriation for the department of street cleaning, and may be used by the com- missioner for any of the purposes of his department, as if originally included in the appropriation therefor. Nothing in this section contained shall be deemed to authorize the summary removal of materials for any public work or improvement in course of construction. (Charter, §545.) 5. Temporary obstruction of crossings. No person shall obstruct the walks laid across a public street or at the head of a public slip, by placing or stopping his horse, cart or other carriage upon or across any of the said walks, or by placing or putting any other obstruction or other thing across or on the same. (C. O., §268.) Section 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. ARTICLE 14. ❖Projections and Encroachments. Projections prohibited. Areas ; special restrictions. Balustrades. Cellar steps ; cellar doors. Removal of unauthorized projections and encroachments and incum- brances. Notification to corporation counsel. Violations. §160. Projections prohibited. No areas, steps or other projections beyond the building line except those indicated in paragraphs c, d, e, f and h of subdivision 4, §170, chapter 5 of this Code of Ordinances, shall be built, erected or made upon the following streets, namely: a. Grand Boulevard and Concourse, in the borough of The Bronx, between East 161st street and Mosholu parkway; excepting that areas as defined by paragraph a of subdivision 4, section 170, chapter 5 of the Code of Ordinances may be erected in that section of the Grand Boulevard and Concourse in the borough of The Bronx, located within a business use district as established by the building zone resolution adopted by the board of estimate and apportionment. (Amd. by ord. appd. April 24, 1920.) b. On Coney Island avenue from the Plaza at Parkside avenue to Neptune avenue, in the borough of Brooklyn; c. On Newkirk avenue, between Flatbush avenue and Coney Island avenue, in the borough of Brooklyn. (Amended by ord. effective Dec. 28, 1915.) §161. Areas; special restrictions. Every existing area that is open at the top shall be enclosed with an iron railing in front, and on the sides where there is an opening used for the purposes of ingress and egress, such a railing to be at least 3 feet high measured from the base and capable of sustaining a lateral weight of 300 pounds at any part thereof, the gates of which, if any, shall be so constructed as to open inwardly. (Amended by ord. effective Dec. 28, 1915 ; amd. by ord. appd. July 10, 1918.) §162. Balustrades. No goods, wares, merchandise or manufacture of any description shall be placed or exposed to show or for sale upon any balustrade that now is or hereafter may be erected upon any street. (Amended by ord. effective Dec. 28, 1915.) ^Amended by ord. effective Dec. 28, 1915; see chapter 5, article 9 (p. 74). 461 CHAP. 23, ART . 14, SECS. 163-170. §163. Bay windows, show windows. (Repealed by ord. effective Dec. 28, 1915.) §164. Cellar steps; cellar doors. Every entrance or flight of steps, now existing and projecting beyond the line of the street and descending into any cellar or basement story of any house or other building, where such entrance or flight of steps shall not be covered, shall be inclosed with a railing on each side, permanently put up, from 3 to feet high, \yith a gate to open inwardly, or with 2 iron chains across the front of the entranceway, 1 near the top and 1 in the centre of the railing, to be closed during the night, unless there be a burning light over the steps, to prevent accidents. Where such entrance is covered by a cellar door such door shall be kept in good repair, and shall not be per- mitted to remain open except when in actual use for ingress or egress of persons or for the loading or unloading of things out of or into such cellar or basement story. (Amended by ord. effective Dec. 28, 1915; amd. by ord. appd. April 4, 1918.) §165. Courtyards on private property. (Repealed by ord. effective Dec. 28, 1915.) §166. Ornamental projections. (Repealed by ord. effective Dec. 28, 1915.) §167. Porches, platforms and stoops. (Repealed by ord. effective Dec. 28, 1915.) §168. Removal of unauthorized projections, encroachments and incumbrances. The president of the borough having jurisdiction may give a written or printed no- tice to the owner of the premises, by service upon such owner or upon the occupant of the premises, requiring such owner to remove or alter any unauthorized projection, en- croachment or incumbrance, within a period to be specified in such notice, which shall be in writing and shall be served personally, or by leaving it at the house or place of business of the owner, occupant or person having charge of the house or lot in front of which the projection, encroachment or incumbrance may be, or by posting the said notice or order thereon. At any time after the expiration of the time specified for that purpose in the notice, if such encroachment, encumbrance or projection shall not then have been removed or altered, the president of the borough may, by notice or order, direct and cause such encroachment, incumbrance or projection to be removed or altered at the expense of the owner or constructor thereof, who shall be liable to the city for all expenses that it may incur by such removal or alteration, together with the penalties prescribed by §170 of this article, to be recovered with costs of suit. (§8, Pt. Richmond ords. : C. O., §§221,222.) §169. Notification to corporation counsel. The president of each borough shall present and report all encroachments on the streets, which may be brought to his notice, to the corporation counsel, and shall take such other action thereon as may be prescribed by ordinance in relation thereto. (C. O., §91.) §170. Violations. Any person who shall violate any of the provisions of this article or fail to comply therewith, or any requirement thereof, or who shall violate or fail to comply with any official order or regulation made thereunder, or who shall build in violation of any de- tailed statement specifications or plans submitted and approved thereunder, or of any certificate or permit issued thereunder, shall, for each and every such violation and non-compliance, respectively, forfeit and pay a penalty in the sum of $50; but if any 462 STREETS. said violation shall be removed, or be in process of removal, within 10 days after the service of a notice made and served as prescribed by section 650 of chapter 5 of this ordinance, the liability of such penalty shall cease and the corporation counsel, on request of the superintendent of buildings having jurisdiction, shall discontinue any pending action to recover the same. Any person who, having been so served with a notice to remove any violation, or to comply with any requirement of this article, or with any order or regulation made thereunder shall fail to comply with such notice, within 10 days after service thereof, or who shall continue to violate any requirement of this article, in the respect named in the notice, shall pay a penalty of $250. (Build- ing Code, §150; C. O., §§182, 184, 246.) ARTICLE 15. Sidewalks. Section 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. Construction, generally. Abutting owners’ duties and responsibilities. Drains across sidewalks. Boardwalks. Carriageways across sidewalks. Property owners may voluntarily lay sidewalks. Interference with sidewalks. Injury to or defacement of sidewalks. Obstructions. 188a. Subway gratings; sweeping into. 189. Violations. §180. Construction, generally. All streets of 22 feet in width and upward shall have sidewalks on each side thereof, the width, materials and construction of which shall fully conform to standard specifications for such work, all of which shall be prescribed by the borough president having jurisdiction and kept on file in his office. (Ord. effective Feb. 9, 1915.) §181. Abutting property owners’ duties and obligations. 1. Generally. The owner of any house or other building or vacant lot fronting on any street, shall, at his charge and expense, well and sufficiently pave, according to this ordinance, the sidewalk and set a curb thereto, of the street in front of such building or lot. 2. Notice to regulate and pave sidewalks. When any street shall have been paved, and a majority of owners of any houses or other buildings or vacant lots on the same block shall have been regulated and paved their sidewalks and curbed same, the president of the borough, in which the same is located, shall give notice to the owner of any house or other building or vacant lot in front of which the side- walk shall not be paved and curb set, to regulate, pave and curb the same within a certain time to be designated in the notice. Upon complaint being made to the borough president having jurisdiction thereof that any sidewalk is not paved and curbed according to this article, he may cause a notice to be served upon the owner of any house or other building or vacant lot of ground fronting thereon to pave such sidewalk and curb same, within ten days after the service of such notice. 3. Construction by city; reimbursement by assessment. In case such owner shall fail to pave such sidewalk and curb same within the time required by the notice and otherwise to comply therewith, the borough president having jurisdiction is hereby authorized and required to pave such sidewalk and set the curb or any of such work, and to do such incidental work as may be necessary properly to con- struct such sidewalk and curb and to certify the expense thereof to the board of 463 CHAP. 23, ART. 15, SECS. 182, 185. assessors. The board shall make a just and equitable assessment of such expense among the owners of all houses or other buildings or lots deemed to be benefited thereby, in proportion, as near as may be, to the advantages which they may be deemed to have acquired. (Amended by ord. effective July 17, 1917; repealed by ord. appd. March 20, 1918; restored by ord. appd. March 20, 1918.) §182. Drains across sidewalks. No drain from any building, structure, enclosure or lot of ground shall hereafter be constructed across the surface of, or through or under a sidewalk, unless the material or materials, dimensions and construction thereof shall fully conform to standard specifications for such work, all of which shall be prescribed by the borough president having jurisdiction and kept on file in his office. (Ord. effective Feb 9 1915.) §183. Boardwalks. No board or plank walk shall be constructed or laid down in any street, withoul the written permission of the borough president having jurisdiction. (§5, Flushing ords.) §184. Carriageways across sidewalks. 1. General regulations. No person shall lower the curb or change the grade of a sidewalk in front of any building, for the purpose of providing a carriageway across such sidewalk, except upon complying with the following conditions, namely: a. Application shall be made in writing by the owner to the president of the borough within which such premises are located; b. In consideration of the granting of such permit, the borough president having jurisdiction is hereby authorized to charge a fee for the privilege, to cover all ex- penses in connection with the inspection of the alteration of the sidewalk, and its ultimate restoration to original grade; and he may make such rules for its proper care and cleaning as he deems desirable ; c. Every such carriageway shall be constructed under the supervision and sub- ject to the direction of the president of the borough having jurisdiction, and on condition that, upon failure to comply with all the terms of the permit, the privilege may be revoked and the sidewalk be restored to its original grade, at the expense of the person to whom the permit was granted, o'r of the grantee then having title to the abutting property. (Ord. effective April 16, 1912; amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) 2. Construction. All private carriageways, crossing sidewalks, shall be paved with granite, bluestone or artificial stone and not with bricks or with round or paving stones. (C. O., §122.) 3. City may construct or reconstruct at expense of owner. In case any part of a private carriageway shall not be paved, repaved or repaired according to the provisions of the preceding subdivision, the borough president having jurisdiction may order, in writing, the same to be done within the time mentioned in the order. At the expiration of such time, the work may be done under the direction of the borough president, and the expenses thereof shall be a lien upon the lot fronting thereon. (C. O., §123.) §185. Property owners may voluntarily lay sidewalks. Any owner of property may lay a sidewalk in front of his premises, of such material and in such a manner as may be prescribed by the borough president having jurisdiction, but no sidewalk shall be so laid unless under written permit issued by the borough president. (Ord. effective Feb. 9, 1915.) 464 STREETS. §186. Interference with sidewalks. No sidewalk or any part of a sidewalk shall be taken up in whole or in part, for any purpose whatever, without the written permission of the president of the borough having jurisdiction, under the penalty of $25 for each offence; but the provisions of this section shall not apply to the making of necessary repairs to any such sidewalk, nor to the resetting, when necessary, of any curb or gutter stone that may have become displaced, broken or sunken, nor to the necessary repair or alteration of any coal slide ander a sidewalk. (Ord. effective Feb. 9, 1915.) §187. Injury to or defacement of sidewalks. 1. Breaking or injuring. No person shall break or otherwise injure any sidewalk or footpath under the penalty prescribed by §189 of this article ; provided that such penalty shall not accrue in case of an accidental breaking of or injury to a sidewalk which is repaired, to the satisfaction of the borough president having jurisdiction, within 48 hours after such break or injury. (C. O., §267.) 2. Defacing. No person shall deface any sidewalk by printing or writing thereon, or attaching thereto, in any manner, any advertisement or other printed matter. (§84, Manhattan ords.) §188. Obstructions. 1. Merchandise. No person shall hang or place any goods, wares or mercandise, or suffer, maintain or permit the same to be hung or placed, at any greater distance than 3 feet in front of his house, store or other building, and not a greater height than 5 feet above the level of the sidewalk. Wares or merchandise in process of loading, unloading, shipment or being received from shipment, may be transferred from trucks or other vehicles over the sidewalk by the use of skids, or by backing up trucks on the sidewalks while so doing. Household furniture may be temporarily placed on a sidewalk for the purpose of loading or unloading the same, during day- light and without unreasonable delay; but, in any such case a passageway shall be kept open within the stoop line of the building, abutting on the sidewalk so obstructed, for the free movement of pedestrians. (Ord. effective Feb. 9, 1915.) 2. Vehicles. Except as otherwise provided in this section, no person shall le<*d, ride or drive a horse or permit or suffer any cart or other wheel carriage to be driven or otherwise to pass or go over or upon any footpath or sidewalk of the city, for any purpose whatever, except over a driveway authorized and constructed in accordance with the provisions of §184 of this article. (Amended by ord. effective March 7, 1916.) §188a. Subway gratings; sweeping into. No person shall sweep any substance from a sidewalk or other place into a grating used for the purpose of ventilating any subway railroad. (Added by ord. appd. July 26, 1918.) §189. Violations. No person shall violate any of the provisions of this article under a penalty of $50 for each offense. No such violation shall be continued under an additional penalty of $5 for each day so continued. Any person who shall wilfully violate, or neglect or refuse to comply with any provision of this title, or any lawful regulation, order or special direction made thereunder, may also, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $50, or by an imprisonment for not exceeding 30 days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. (C. O., §121.) 465 CHAP. 23, ART. 16, SECS. 210, 211. Section 210. ARTICLE 16. Signs and Showbills, General provisions. 211. Ground signs and roof signs. 212. Ground signs ; special provisions. 213. Roof signs; special provisions. 214. Signs on walls. 215. Illuminated signs. 216. Unsafe signs. 217. Unlawful signs. 218. Alteration of existing signs. 219. Exemptions. 220. Retroactive effect. 221. Inspections. 222. Public signs, protection of. 223. Violations. §210. General provisions. Except as otherwise specified in the succeeding sections of this article, signs, show- bills and showboards may be placed on the fronts of buiddings, with the consent of the owner thereof. They shall be securely fastened, and shall not project more than 1 foot from the house wall, except that signs may be hung or attached at right angles to any building, except a building in the Borough of Manhattan, on Fifth avenue, between Washington square north and 110th street, or on 34th street, between Fourth avenue and Seventh avenue, or on Madison avenue, between 34th street and 72d street, or on 57th street, between Lexington avenue and Broadway, and extend, not to exceed 3 feet therefrom, in the space between the second floor (the ground floor being considered the first floor) and a point 8 feet in the clear above the level of the sidewalk; in front of such building. Signs may be attached to the sides of stoops, but not to extend above the railing or beyond the stoop-line of any stoop. No sign, showbill, or showboard shall be placed, hung or maintained except as prescribed in this article. (C. O., §260; amended by ord. appd. Dec. 14, 1917; amd. by ord. app. Dec. 23, 1920.) §211. Ground signs and roof signs. 1. Permits required. No ground sign or roof sign shall be erected until a permit therefor shall have been issued by the superintendent of buildings having jurisdiction. Each superintendent of buildings may prescribe suitable regulations, consistent with the provisions of this article, concerning the forms and contents of applications for the various forms of permits. (Ord. effective May 29, 1914.) 2. Plans and specifications. No such permit shall be issued unless plans and specifications, showing the dimensions, material and details of construction of the proposed sign, accompanied by the written consent of the owner or lessee of the property upon which it is to be erected, shall have been filed with the superintendent of buildings having jurisdiction, nor until all of the provisions of the Building Code, relating to such structures, shall have been complied with. (Id.) 3. Illuminated signs. In the case of a sign illuminated by electricity, a certificate must also be procured from the department of water supply, gas and electricity, cer- tifying that the electric wiring and electric appliances of the proposed sign are in conformity with the rules and regulations of said department. (Id.) 4. Fees. Before any permit shall be issued under this section, a fee therefor shall be paid to the appropriate bureau of buildings as follows: For ground signs, $2; for roof signs having a tight, closed or solid surface, $5; for roof signs not having a 466 STREETS . tight, closed or solid surface, $10; provided that each face of any such sign structure, when fronting on different streets, shall be considered to be a separate sign. (Id., amended Feb. 9, 1915.) 5. Existing structures. Permits shall be issued for signs existing on the 29th day of May, 1914, not conforming to the requirements of §§212 and 213 of this chapter, provided such signs were erected and are maintained in conformity with the legal requirements in effect when they were erected, but no fees shall be charged for permits or registration for existing signs. (Amended by ord. effective Feb. 27, 1917.) 6. Registration and identification. Every ground-sign and roof-sign, existing or hereafter erected, shall be registered with the bureau of buildings of the borough in which such structure is situated, by the person maintaining the same, and shall have displayed upon the front thereof the name and address of such person and the serial s number cf the permit issued for such structure. The bureau of buildings may issue permits in several series, so as to distinguish between existing signs and new sign structures erected in conformity with this article, or between various classes of signs. (Id.) §212. Ground signs; special provisions. 1. Construction. No ground, fence, billboard or sign within the fire limits of the city shall be, at any point, over 12 feet above the ground ; provided that when the face of any sign, excepting the ornamental moulding thereof, shall be constructed entirely of metal, or of wood covered on all sides with sheet metal, the sign shall not be at any point over 24 feet above the ground. (Ord. effective May 29, 1914.) 2. Maintenance. Any person occupying an^ vacant lot or premises with a bill- board, sign or other advertising structure or device shall be subject to the same duties and responsibilities as the owner of the lot or premises, with respect to keeping the same clean, sanitary, inoffensive and free and clear of all noxious substances in the vicinitv of such billboard, sign, structure o'r device, and with respect to the removal of snow from the sidewalk and curb in front thereof. (Id.) §213. Roof signs; special provisions. 1. Construction. All roof sign structures shall be so constructed as to' leave a clear space of at least 7 feet between the roof level and the lowest part of the structure, and at least 5 feet between the vertical supports thereof ; such structures shall be set back at least 6 feet from the face of the fro'nt and rear walls and shall not interfere with any openings in the roof or with any fire escape. Such structures, excepting the ornamental surface moulding thereof, shall be constructed entirely of metal, including the uprights, supports and braces for same, and shall be required to bear a wind pressure of not less than 30 pounds to the square foot of area subject to such pressure. (Ord. effective May 29, 1915.) 2. Restrictions, a. No roof sign structure having a tight, closed or solid surface shall be at any point over 31 feet above the roof level ; b. Roof sign structures, not having a tight, closed or solid surface, may be erected upon fireproof buildings to a height not exceeding 75 feet above the roof level, and upon non-firepro'of buildings to a height not exceeding 50 feet above the roof level, but the portions of such structures covered and exposed to wind pressure shall not exceed 35 per cent, of the total area. (Id.) §214. Signs on walls. 1. Construction. No sign shall be erected upon the front, rear or side wall of any building so as to project above either the roof cornice or parapet wall, or above the roof level where there is no cornice or parapet wall ; except that a sign erected at 467 CHAP. 23, ART. 16, SEC. 215. a right angle to the building, the horizontal width of which sign, parallel to such wall, does not exceed 2 feet, may be erected to a height not exceeding 2 feet above the ro'of or cornice or parapet wall, nor above the roof level where there is no cornice or parapet wall. A sign attached to a corner, and parallel to the vertical line of such corner, shall be deemed erected at a right angle to the building wall. (Ord. effective May 29, 1914.) 2. Restriction. No such sign shall be so erected as to cover the doors or windows of any building, or otherwise prevent free ingress or egress to or from any window, door or fire escape on any building. (Id.) §215. Illuminated signs. 1. Application of preceding sections. Except as hereinafter specifically prescribed, all provisions of §§211 to 214, inclusive, of this article, shall apply to the continuance, construction, alteration, reconstruction and maintenance of illuminated signs, as here- inafter defined. (Ord. effective July 24, 1912; amended by ord. effective May 2, 1916.) 2. Issue of permits. All permits for illuminated signs shall be issued by the city clerk, upon application therefor, approved by the commissioner of water supply, gas and electricity and the superintendent of buildings in the case of electric signs, and, in the case of gas signs, by the fire commissioner and the superintendent of buildings. A permit or renewal thereof issued hereunder, upon the expiration thereof or within 30 days thereafter, may be renewed for a further period of 1 year ; and, upon the pa3’ment by the applicant of the fee therefor and the surrender of the old permit, accompanied by satisfactory proof in the form of an affidavit that the illuminated sign is the same as when originally licensed, and that the wiring or piping of the sign is in good condition, the city clerk may issue the permit, excepting that all permits issued under the provisions of this article for the erection and maintenance of illuminated signs, except carriage calls, on a building in the Borough of Manhattan, on Fifth avenue, between Washington square north and 110th street, or on 34th street, between Fourth avenue and Seventh avenue, or on Madison avenue, between 34th street and 72d street, or on 57th street, between Lexington avenue and Broadway, are hereby cancelled effective one year after this amendment goes into effect. Eaclv such permit shall be kept upon the premises whereon the sign is placed, either in the possession of the person in charge or his agent. (Ord. effective June 20, 1916; amd. by ord. appd. Dec. 23, 1920.) 3. Definition. Any letter, word, model, sign, device or representation, used in the nature of an advertisement, announcement or direction, illuminated by electricity or gas, extending over the sidewalk, shall be deemed to be an illuminated sign. No such sign shall be illuminated otherwise than by electricity or gas. (Amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) 4. Fee for permit. The applicant for a permit to construct or maintain an illuminated sign shall pay to the city clerk an annual fee of 10 cents fo'r each square foot of sign space or part of square foot of such sign space displayed on such sign, to be computed and collected by the city clerk. The square feet of sign space on one side of an illuminated sign, however, shall be deemed to constitute the entire number of square feet of sign space, for the purpose of computing the license fee reterred to herein. (Id.) 5. Consent of owner of adjoining residence. No permit shall be issued for the erection of an illuminated sign upon a building which adjoins another occupied exclu- sively as a private residence, until the applicant for the permit shall have filed the written consent of the owner of such residence to the erection of the proposed sign. (Id.) 6. Restrictions, a. No illuminated sign shall extend more than 8 feet from the building line, except that on authorized marquise awnings the illuminated signs 468 STREETS. may extend the entire length and width of the awning, but not more than 2 feet above, nor 1 foot below said awning; nor shall any such sign be less than 10 feet in the clear above the level of the sidewalks to meet the same; nor shall any such sign be placed upon leased premises by the owner of the fee or lessor without the consent in writing of the lessee or sub-lessee, as the case may be. No illuminated sign, except carriage calls, shall hereafter be erected on any building in the borough of Manhattan, on Fifth avenue, between Washington square north and 110th street, or on 34th street, between Fourth avenue and Seventh avenue, or on Madison avenue, between 34th street and 72d street, or on 57th street, between Lexington avenue and Broadway, nor shall any existing illuminated sign on any such building be enlarged nor shall any such sign on such building be replaced or recon- structed in part or in whole by the erection of a new illuminated sign or part thereof, whether under the same permit or a renewal thereof or under another permit, except that an illuminated sign not in the nature of an advertisement may be erected and main- tained temporarily on Fifth avenue, 34th street, Madison avenue and 57th street, borough of Manhattan, for a period of not more than one month in connection with the celebration of a patriotic occasion of extraordinary public interest not occurring annually. (Amended by ords. effective July 7, 1916, April 17, 1917, Dec, 14, 1917 and Dec. 23, 1920.) b. All illuminated signs shall be constructed entirely of metal or other incom- bustible material, except the insulation thereof, if such is to be illuminated by elec- tricity, including the uprights, supports and braces for the same, and shall be properly and firmly attached to the building, and sd constructed as not to be or become dan- gerous. (Ord. effective June 20, 1916.) c. If such sign is to be illuminated by gas, the gas burners for same shall be located entirely inside of the sign and so arranged and protected as to prevent the flame from being extinguished by the wind. A shut-off valve shall be placed on the gas piping extending from the building to the sign, and so arranged as to permit of the shutting off of the gas from the sign on the outside of the building, in case of necessity. (Added by ord. effective May 2, 1916.) §216 Unsafe signs. Should any fence, sign billboard, dr roof sign or sign structure be or become insecure, or in danger of falling, or otherwise unsafe, in the opinion of the superin- tendent of buildings, the owner thereof, or the person maintaining the same, shall, upon notice from the superintendent, forthwith, in case of immediate danger, and in any case within 10 days, secure the same, under the supervision of and in the manner to be approved by the superintendent, in conformity with the provisions of this article. (Ord. effective May 29, 1914.) §217. Unlawful signs. In case any sign or sign structure shall be attached at other than a right angle to the wall of the building, extending outside the building line and projecting above the roof cornice or parapet walls or above the roof level, where there is no cornice or parapet wall, or shall be so erected as to prevent free ingress and egress to and from any door, window or fire escape of any buildirig, the fire commissioner shall notify, by registered mail, the owner or lessee thereof to alter such sign or structure, so as to comply with this article, or to remove the same. If such order is not complied with within 60 days, the fire commissioner shall remove such sign or sign structure at the expense of the owner or lessee thereof. (Ord. effective May 29, 1914.) §218. Alteration of existing signs. No existing fence, sign, billboard, roof sign or sign structure shall be enlarged, rebuilt, structurally altered or relocated, except in accordance with the provisions of 469 CHAP. 23, ARTS. 16, 17, SECS. 219-240. this article; provided that this requirement shall not apply to the relettering of illuminated signs except where such relettering requires a change of the wiring or piping of such signs. (Ord. effective May 29, 1914; amended by ord. effective May 2, 1916.) §219. Exemptions. No part of the foregoing sections of this article shall apply to walls constructed wholly or principally of stone, marble, brick, terra cotta, concrete or other like mate- rial, composing a masonry or monolithic wall; nor to back yard fences on the ground in the interior of a court; nor to picket fences and ornamental metal fences. (Ord. effective May 29, 1914.) §220. Retroactive effect. Except as expressly provided in §§216 and 217 hereof, this article shall have no retroactive effect. (Ord. effective May 29, 1914.) §221. Inspections. Every sign or sign-structure, for which a permit shall have been issued under any provision of this article, shall be inspected at least once in each calendar year, by or under the direction of the superintendent of buildings having jurisdiction. (Ord. effective May 29, 1914.) §222. Public signs, protection of. No person shall injure, deface, obliterate, mar, remove, take down, loosen, destroy, or in any other manner interfere with or disturb any signboard containing the name of any street or public place, whether it be upon public or private property. (§2, Pt. Richmond ords.) §223. Violations. 1. Punishment. No person shall violate any provision of this article under a penalty of $100 for e£ch offense. No sign or sign structure shall be maintained, contrary to the provisions of this article, under a penalty of $10 for each 'day or part of a day the same shall be so maintained. (Ord. effective May 29, 1914.) 2. Abatement. Except as otherwise provided in this article, any fence, sign, bill- board or roof-sign structure erected or maintained in violation of this article shall be subject, upon notice, to abatement by the superintendent of buildings having juris- diction. (Id.) ♦ARTICLE 17. Vaults. Section 240. 241. 242. 243. 244. General provisions. Construction. Vault openings ; protection of. Vault covers must afford secure footing. Violations. §240. General provisions. 1. Definitions. Whenever used in this article, the term vault shall be deemed to mean every description of opening below the surface of the street that is covered over, as limited by subdivision 8 of this section, in front of any improved or unim- proved property, except cesspools and openings which are used exclusively as places for descending to the cellar floor of any building or buildings, by means of steps. Openings over which substantial and safe fixed gratings of metal or other non-com- bustible material have been erected in accordance with the provisions of article 17, ♦Amended by ord. effective July 7, 1916. 470 STREETS. provided said openings be used primarily for light and ventilation, and provided such gratings are of sufficient strength to sustain a live load of 300 pounds per square foot as provided in subdivision 8 of section 53 of article 3 of chapter 5 and are constructed with at least 40 per cent, of open work, shall be exempted from pay- ments of fees for permits for vaults. (Amended by ords. effective Jan. 30, July 17, Dec. 18, 1917, Jan. 7, 1918.) 2. Jurisdiction. Each borough president is empowered to issue permits for the construction, maintenance and repair of vaults in the streets within his jurisdiction. (C. O., §169; amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) 3. Permits. No person shall cause or procure any vault to be constructed or made in any street, without a permit from the borough president having jurisdiction thereof. Every application for a permit to erect such vault shall be in writing, signed by the person making the same, and shall state the number of square feet of ground which is required for the same, and the intended length and width of the same. 4. Compensation. Upon receiving such permit, the applicant therefor shall forthwith pay to the borough president such sum as he shall certify in the permit to be a just compensation to the city for such privilege, calculated at the rate of not less than 30 cents, nor more than $2 per foot, for each square foot of ground mentioned as required for such vault. 5. Measurement. In the case of a new vault, before the arching or covering thereof shall be commenced, the person to whom the permit for such vault shall have been granted shall cause the same to be measured by a city surveyor who shall deliver to the borough president granting the permit a certificate, signed by the surveyor, specifying the dimensions of the vault, which shall be accompanied by a diagram showing the square-foot area of the vault, including its sustaining walls, and indicating its location relative to the building and curb lines and to the nearest intersecting street corner. In the case of an existing vault, the person claiming the right to the use thereof shall furnish a like certificate and diagram in respect thereof, but in such case the measurement shall exclude the sustaining walls. 6. Refundments. If, from subsequent measurements, it shall appear that less space has been taken than that paid for, the permittee shall be entitled to receive a certificate from the borough president who issued the permit, showing the difference. Upon the presentation of said certificate of difference to the comptroller, he shall pay a rebate to the permittee, the amount of which shall be the difference in money between the space feet originally paid and the fee for space actually taken ; provided the surveyor’s certificate was filed on or after the 1st day of March, 1913. 7. Unauthorized encroachments. If it shall appear that the vault occupies a greater number of square feet than shall have been paid for as aforesaid, the owner thereof shall, in addition to the penalty imposed by this article, forfeit and pay twice the sum previously paid for each square foot of ground occupied by the vault, over and above the number of square feet paid for as aforesaid. 8. Limitation. No person shall erect or build, or cause or permit any vault to be made, which shall extend further than the line of the sidewalk or curbstone of any street. 9. Responsibility. The master builder, who shall complete or begin the construc- tion of a vault, and the owner or person for whom the same shall be excavated or constructed shall be liable to the provisions, payments and penalties of this article, severally and respectively. §241. Construction. 1. Materials. All vaults shall be constructed of brick or stone, and the outward side of the grating or opening into the street shall be either within 12 inches of 471 CHAP. 23, ARTS. 17, 18, SECS. 242-250. the outside of the curbstone of the sidewalk, or within 12 inches of the coping of the area in front of the house to which such vault shall belong. All grates of vaults shall be made of iron, the bars whereof shall be 24 of an inch wide and J4 of an inch thick, and not more than 24 of an inch apart. 2. Completion of work. All vaults shall be completed and the ground closed over them within 3 weeks after they are commenced. §242. Vault openings; protection of. No person shall remove or insecurely fix, or cause, procure, suffer, or permit to be removed or to be insecurely fixed, so that the same can be moved in its bed, any grate or covering or aperture of any vault or chute under any street ; but nothing herein contained shall prevent the owner or occupant of the building, with which such vault shall be connected, from removing such grate or covering for the proper purpose of such vault or chute ; providing he inclose the opening or aperture and keep the same inclosed, while such grate or covering shall be removed, with a strong box or curb at least 12 inches high, firmly and securely made, and provided that openings of more than 2 square feet of superficial area shall be inclosed at such times with strong railings not less than 3 feet high, to be approved by the borough presi- dent, and further that such grates or coverings shall not be removed until after sunrise of any day and shall be replaced before one-half hour after sunset. §243. Vault covers must afford secure footing. The police commissioner shall report to the president of the borough having juris- diction the name and address of the owner or occupant of any store, dwelling or other building having a vault under the sidewalk in front thereof, the cover of which is broken or presents a slippery surface. Thereupon, the borough president shall forthwith notify the owner or occupant to remove such covering within 30 days and substitute therefor another that will afford secure footing for pedestrians. Each borough president shall immediately report every violation of this section to the cor- poration counsel for appropriate action. §244. Violations. No person shall violate any provision of this article, or any notice or special direction issued thereunder, under a penalty of $100. No vault shall be maintained contrary to the provisions of this article, under a penalty of $10 for each day or part of a day the same shall be maintained. ARTICLE 18. Miscellaneous. Section 250. 251. 252. 253. Flower pots on window ledges. Missiles ; bean-shooters, stone-throwing, etc. Tan bark on streets. Glass, china, or other substances; casting of on streets, removal of. §250. Flower pots on window ledges. No person shall place or keep on any window sill, railing or balcony, top of porch or any other projection from any house or other building, any earthen flower pot, wooden box or other article or thing whatever for the cultivation or retention of flowers, shrubs, vines or other article or thing whatever, unless such flower pot, box or other article is securely and firmly fastened or protected by iron railings, so as to render it impossible for the same to fall into the street. (§42, Manhattan ord.) 472 STREETS. * §251. Missiles; bean=shooters, stone-throwing, etc. No bean-shooter or other instrument for throwing bullets, stones or beans, shall be sold or offered for sale; nor shall any bean-shooter or other such instrument be used by any person for throwing bullets, stones or other missiles, nor be carried by any person, with the intention of being so used; nor shall any person throw or cast any stone, stick or other missile in, from or to any street or public place. (C. O., §549.) §252. Tan bark on streets. The mayor or any alderman, the department of health, the police commissioner, or the inspector or captain of police assigned to the precinct in which the premises are situated, shall, upon application, grant permission to lay tanbark in the carriage- way in front of any premises occupied by a sick or convalescent person, to the extent of 500 feet in any direction from said premises; providing all expense of placing and removing the bark shall be paid by the person making such application. The bark so placed in any street shall be removed, upon the order of the commissioner of street cleaning, within 5 days after the recovery or death of such sick or convalescent person, and, upon failure or neglect to comply with such order, then it shall be removed by the commissioner, who may sue for and recover the cost of such removal in the man- ner provided for the collection of penalties. (C. O., §273.) §253. Glass, china, or other substances; casting of on streets, removal of. Any person, having, either accidentally or otherwise, caused glass, china, nails, tacks or any other sharp or pentetrating substance, to be upon the surface of any public highway shall immediately remove the same from the place where thus cast. (Added by ord. effective Dec. 4, 1916.) ^ARTICLE 19. Laying and Installation of Pipes, Mains or Conduits. Section 260. Permit required. 261. Violations. §260. Permits required. No gas company, telephone or electric light company, nor any person or associa- tion of persons, shall be allowed to lay or install any pipes, mains or conduits for the use and transmission of gas, electricity, pneumatic power or steam, or perform any work that is under the jurisdiction, cognizance and control of the commissioner of water supply, gas and electricity, in any street or public place, without a written permit from the commissioner of water supply, gas and electricity. §261. Violations. No person shall violate any provision of this article, or any notice of special direction thereunder, under a penalty of $100 for each offense. ♦Added by ord. appd. Feb. 8, 1919. 473 CHAPTER 24. TRAFFIC REGULATIONS. Article 1. General provisions. 2. Rules of the road. 3. Miscellaneous regulations. Section 1. Definitions. ARTICLE 1. General Provisions. §1. Definitions. Unless otherwise expressly stated, whenever used in this chapter, the following terms shall be respectively deemed to mean: 1. Curb , the lateral boundaries of that portion of a street designed for the use of vehicles, whether marked by curbstones or not so marked ; 2. Roadway, that portion of any street which is included within the curbs or curb lines thereof, and is designed for the use of vehicles ; 3. Vehicle, every wagon, carriage, omnibus, sleigh, pushcart, bicycle, tricycle and other conveyance (except a baby carriage), in whatever manner or by whatever force or power the same may be driven, ridden or propelled, which is or may be used for or adapted to pleasure riding or the transportation of passengers, baggage or mer- chandise upon the street ; and every draught and riding animal, whether driven, ridden or led; provided that an animal or animals attached to any vehicle shall, with such vehicle, constitute but 1 vehicle. (C. O., §474.) ARTICLE 2. Rules of the Road. Section 10. 11 . 12 . 13. 14. 15. 16 . 17. 18. Drivers ; age limit. Driving. Lights. Peddlers. Riding on back of vehicle. Right of way. Obstruction of traffic. Speed. Safety stops for omnibuses and street surface railway cars. §10. Drivers; age limit. Drivers or persons in charge of vehicles other than licensed vehicles shall not be less than 16 rears of age, unless provided with a permit from the police department. (C. O., §463.)' §11. Driving. 1. Keeping to the right. Vehicles shall keep to the right, and as near the right hand curb as possible. (C. O., §435.) 2. Meeting. Vehicles meeting shall pass each other to the right. (C. O., §346.) 3. Overtaking others. Vehicles overtaking others shall, in passing, keep to the left. (C. O., §437.) 4. Turning and starting. The driver or person having charge of any vehicle, before turning the corner of any street, or turning out or starting from or stopping at the curb line of any. street, shall first see that there is sufficient space free from other vehicles, so that such turn, stop or start may be safely made, and shall then give a plainly visible or audible signal. (C. O., §438.) 474 TRAFFIC REGULATIONS. 5. Turning to the right into another street. A vehicle turning to the right into another street shall turn the corner as near to the curb as practicable. (C. O., §439.) THUS: J V. # ^ lr — 6. Turnmg to the left into another street. A vehicle turning to the left into another street shall pass to the right of and beyond the centre of the street inter- section before turning. (C. O., §440.) THUS : J c 'i r 7. Crossing streets. A vehicle crossing from one side of the street to the other shall do so by turning to the left, so as tO' head in the same direction as the traffic on that side of the street. (C. O., §441.) THUS: 8. Slow-moving vehicles. V ehicles moving slowly shall keep as close as possible to the curb line on the right, so as to allow faster moving vehicles free passage on the left. (C. O., §453.) 9. Signal on slowing up or stopping. In slowing up or stopping, a signal shall always be given to those behind, by vertically raising the whip or hand vertically. (C. O., §451.) 10. Stop-signal to automobile S. Every person driving an automobile or motor vehicle shall at the request or signal, by putting up the hand, from a person driving or riding a restive horse or driving domestic animals, cause the automobile immediately to stop and to remain stationary, ss long as may be necessary to allow said horse or domestic animals to pass. (C. O., §452.) 11. Stopping. Unless in an emergency or to allow another vehicle or pedestrian to cross its path, no vehicle shall stop in any public street, except close to the curb line. Except as provided in §16 of this article, or in case of accident or other emergency, or when directed to stop by the police, no vehicle shall stop in such a way as to obstruct any street crossing, for the purpose of taking on or setting down a passenger, or loading or unloading freight, or for any other purpose. No vehicle shall stop or stand within the intersection of any street, nor within 10 feet of a street corner. (C. O., §§445-447.) 12. Standing at curb. In no case shall a vehicle remain backed up to the curb, except when actually loading or unloading, and no vehicle shall stop with its left side to the curb. (C. O., §444.) 475 CHAP. 24, ART. 2, SECS. 12, 12. 13. Obstructing traffic. No vehicle shall be allowed to remain upon or be driven through any street, so as willfully to blockade or obstruct the traffic of that street. (C. O., §471.) 14. Overloading teams. No vehicle shall be so overloaded that the horse or motor attached thereto shall be unable to draw or propel it. (C. O., §471.) 15. Horses; care of. A horse shall not be unbridled, nor left unattended in a street or unenclosed space without being securely fastened, unless harnessed to a vehicle with wheels so secured as to prevent its being dragged faster than a walk. (Amended by ord. effective June 26, 1917.) §12. Lights. 1. Horse drawn vehicles. Every vehicle using the streets shall show between sunset and sunrise, a light or lights, so placed as to be seen from the front, rear and each side. If a dash lantern is carried, it shall be placed on the left-hand side. Such light or lights shall be of sufficient illuminating power to be visible at a distance of 200 feet, and shall show white in front, but may be colored on the sides and rear. (C. O., §458; amended by ord. effective Aug. 11, 1914.) 2. Motor vehicles. Every motor vehicle, except motor cycles, shall exhibit, during the period specified in the preceding subdivision, 2 white lights, visible at a distance of 300 feet in the direction toward which the vehicle is proceeding, and shall also exhibit a red light, visible in the reverse direction. The lights shall be so placed as to be free from obstruction by other parts of said vehicle. No operator of any motor vehicle, while operating the same upon any street, shall use any acetylene, electric or other headlight unless it shall be so shaded as not to blind or dazzle other users of the highway, or make it difficult or unsafe for them to ride, drive or walk thereon. (Id.) 3. Motor-cycles. All motor-cycles shall be subject to the provisions of subdivi- sion 1 of this section. (Id.) 4. Exceptions. This section shall not apply to any equestrian ; nor to any animal led or driven and not attached to any vehicle ; nor to the rider of a bicycle, tricycle or similar vehicle, whose light has become extinguished or who is necessarily absent from his home, without a light, when going at a pace not exceeding 6 miles an hour and giving a clearly audible signal as often as 30 feet are passed over. (C. O., §459.) §13. Peddlers. 1. General regulations. No peddler, vender, hawker or huckster, shall permit any cart, wagon or vehicle, owner or controlled by him, to stop, remain upon or otherwise incumber any street in front of any premises, the owner of or lessee of the ground floor thereof objecting thereto. No peddler, vender, hawker or huckster shall permit his cart, wagon or vehicle to stand on any street, within 25 feet of any corner of the curb, or to stand at any time on any sidewalk, nor within five hun- dred feet of any public market. (§1, Manhattan ords. ; amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916; amended by ord. effective Jan. 7, 1918.) 2. Restricted streets. No peddler, vender, hawker or huckster shall stop or remain, between 8 o’clock a. m. and 6 o’clock p. m., in the borough of Manhattan, on: Amsterdam avenue, between 67th and 70th streets; Avenue A, between Houston and 7th streets ; Avenue B, from Houston to 14th streets; Avenue C, from Houston to 14th streets ; Broadway, between Bowling Green and 134th street : Centre street, from New Chambers street to Park Row; Chambers street, between Broadway and Centre street ; Eighth avenue, between 123rd and 127th streets ; 476 TRAFFIC REGULATIONS. Fifth avenue, from Washington square, North, to 110th street; Fifth avenue, between 110th street and 120th street; First avenue, between 2d and 9th streets ; Fulton street, between Broadway and Pearl street ; Lenox avenue, between 123rd and 127th streets ; Morningside avenue, between 123rd and 127th streets ; Nassau street, between Spruce and Wall streets; Park avenue, from 111th to 134th streets; Park Row. from New Chambers to Ann streets; St. Nicholas avenue, between 123rd and 127th streets; Seventh avenue, between 123rd and 127th streets ; Sixth avenue, between 4th and 23d streets ; Sixth avenue, between 23rd and 30th streets ; Sixth avenue, between 30th street and 59th street ; Vesey street, between Broadway and Church street; West End avenue, between 67th and 70th streets; 14th street, between 4th and 7th avenues ; 23d street, between 4th and 7th avenues ; 28th street, between 4th and 6th avenues ; 29th street, between 4th and 6th avenues ; 34th street, between 4th and 7th avenues ; 34th street, between 5th avenue and Broadway; 42d street, between the westerly side of Park avenue and the easterly side of Broadway; 67th, 68th and 69th streets, from Amsterdam avenue to the Hudson River. 125th street, between the westerly side of 3d avenue and the easterly side of Morningside avenue ; The territory bounded by Market street, Division street, Jefferson street and the East River ; The territory bounded by 56th street, 3rd avenue, 74th street and the East River, except the space beneath the Queensboro bridge, lying within said bounds set apart for market purposes ; The territory bounded by 73rd street, First avenue, 74th street, Second avenue, 73rd street, Third avenue, 74th street, Lexington avenue, 84th street, Third avenue, 83rd street, Second avenue, 82nd street and the East River ; The territory bounded by 82nd street, Second avenue, 84th street, Lexington ave- nue, 88th street, Second avenue, 91st street and the East River ; All streets lying within the territory bounded by 134th street, Amsterdam avenue, 181st street and the North River; The territory bounded by 50th street, 3d avenue, 74th street and the East River, except the space beneath the Queensboro Bridge, and for peddlers operating with horse and wagon, lying within said bounds set apart for market purposes ; The territory bounded by 82d street, 2d avenue, 84th street, Lexington avenue, 88th street, 2d avenue, 91st street and the East River, except for peddlers operating with horse and wagon ; The territory bounded by the southerly side of 113th street, Morningside drive, the northerly side of 122d street and the westerly side of Amsterdam avenue; The Bronx , on: Brook avenue, between 144th street and Westchester avenue; Claremont parkway, from Crotona Park to Claremont Park; East 160th street, between Union avenue and Forest avenue ; East Tremont avenue, between Webster avenue and Boston road; 477 CHAP. 24, ART 2, SECS. 14-15. Fox street, between East 167th street and East 165th street, and East 165th street, between Intervale avenue and Fox street ; Home street, between Tinton avenue and Intervale avenue; Jennings street, between Wilkins avenue and Southern boulevard; Prospect avenue, between 160th and 163d streets ; Prospect avenue, between 165th street and Freeman street ; St. Anns avenue, between 133rd and 141st streets ; Southern boulevard, between Wilkins avenue and Jennings street; Southern boulevard, from 174th street to 180th street; Stebbins avenue, between 165th street and Freeman street; Union avenue, between 160th and 163rd streets ; Union avenue, between 165th street and Freeman street; Wilkins avenue, between Freeman and East 170th streets; Wales avenue, from 150th street to Westchester avenue; Tinton avenue, from 150th street to Westchester avenue; 152nd street, from Tinton avenue to Prospect avenue, and Union avenue, from 150th street to Westchester avenue; Charlotte street, from Jennings street to 170th street, and Minford place, from the north side of Jennings street to 172nd street; 139th street, between Brook and St. Anns avenues ; 152nd street, between Westchester avenue and Tinton avenue; 161st street, between Prospect and Union avenues; 165th street, between Tinton avenue and Intervale avenue ; 166th street, between Tinton avenue and Stebbins avenue; 167th street, between Tinton avenue and Intervale avenue; 168th street, between Tinton avenue and Prospect avenue; 169th street, between Tinton avenue and Intervale avenue; All intervening avenues or streets bounded on the south by Westchester ave- nue, on the north by East 158th street, on the west by Trinity avenue and on the east by Jackson avenue; Brooklyn, on: Manhattan avenue, between Driggs and Vernon avenues; Montrose avenue, between Broadway and Bushwick place; Queens , on: 4th street from Vernon avenue to Jackson avenue, Long Island City; (C. O., Ch. 24, §13, as amended at various times.) None of the provisions of this section shall be construed as regulating the crying or hawking of newspapers. (C. O., §347.) §14. Riding on back of vehicle. No person shall ride upon the back of any vehicle without the consent of the driver, and, when riding, no part of a person’s body shall protrude beyond the limits of the vehicle. (C. O., §464.) §15. Right of way. 1. Direction. On all streets and public places, all vehicles going in a northerly or southerly direction shall have the right of way over any vehicle going in an easterly or westerly direction. (C. O., §448a.) 2. Vehicles having precedence. The officers and men of the fire department and of the fire patrol, with their apparatus of all kinds, when going to, or on duty at, or returning from a fire ; all ambulances, whether of public or private character, and all other vehicles when employed in carrying sick or injured persons to hospitals or other places for relief or treatment; vehicles of the police department, vehicles of the several bureaus of buildings ; emergency vehicles of the department of water supply, gas and 478 TRAFFIC REGULATIONS. electricity and of public service corporations, and vehicles of all physicians who have a police permit shall have the right of way in any street and through any procession, except over vehicles carrying the United States mail. The police department is hereby empowered to issue a permit for such right of way to any duly registered physician, making application therefor, which permit shall not be transferable. (C. O., §449; amended by ord. effective July 2, 1912; amd. by ord. appd. April 27, 1918.) 3. Street cars. Subject to the preceding subdivisions of this section, surface cars, running on tracks laid in the street especially for their use, shall have the right of way along such tracks, between cross streets, over all vehicles moving in the same direction at a less rate of speed than 15 miles an hour. The driver of any vehicle proceeding upon the track in front of a surface car shall turn out as soon as possible upon signal by the motorman or driver of the car. (C. O., §450, amended by ord., effective Feb. 9, 1915.) §16. Obstruction of traffic. 1. General provision. No person shall stop a cart, or any other vehicle, on any crosswalk or intersection of streets, so as to obstruct or hinder the travel along the same; nor place any cart or other vehicle crosswise of any street, except to load thereon or unload therefrom, but in no case shall any person permit such cart or other vehicle to remain crosswise of any street for a longer period than may be actually necessary for such purpose. (C. O., §443.) 2. Streets used by surface cars. The owner or occupant of any store, warehouse or building in any street, in which the rails of any railroad company are laid so close to the curbstones as to prevent the owners or occupant from keeping any such cart or other vehicle in the carriageway in front of his place of business, without interference with the passing cars of any such company, may, during business hours, occupy so much of the sidewalk as may be necessary for a cart or other vehicle; provided that sufficient space be allowed for the passing of pedestrians between the cart or other vehicle and the stoop or frpnt of every such store, warehouse or other building. (C. O., §445.) 3. Broadway, Fifth avenue and Park Row. In no case shall any cart, wagon or other vehicle be placed crosswise of the carriageway on Broadway or Fifth ave- nue, south of 59th street, in the borough of Manhattan, nor on Park row, in that borough ; nor shall any such cart, wagon or other vehicle be permitted to remain in front of any premises on Broadway or Fifth avenue, south of 59th street, nor on Park row, unless placed in close proximity to the curb, with the side of such cart, wagon or other vehicle parallel therewith. (C. O., §443.) §17. Speed. 1. General provisions. No person shall operate, drive or propel, and no owner thereof riding thereon or therein shall cause or permit to be operated, driven or propelled, on any street or public place, any bicycle, tricycle, velocipede, motor-cycle, motor-tricycle, motor delivery wagon, or motor vehicle however propelled, or any vehicle drawn by horses or other animals, recklessly or negligently, or at a speed or in a manner so as to endanger, or to be likely to endanger, the life or limb or property of any person. A rate of speed exceeding 15 miles per hour shall constitute prima facie evidence of a prohibited rate of speed and manner of driving, and of a violation of the provisions of this section ; a rate of speed exceeding 20 miles per hour shall constitute a prohibited rate of speed and manner of driving, and a violation of the provisions of this section, and a rate of speed exceeding 25 miles per hour, on a public highway which passes through country or outlying sections that are substantially undeveloped and sparsely settled, shall constitute a prohibited rate of speed and manner of driving, and violation of the provisions of this section. 479 CHAP. 24, ART. 2, SEC. 17. A rate of speed exceeding dight miles per hour, on, over or across any street in those sections of the borough of Manhattan lying west of Broadway and south and west of Bleecker street; east of Broadway and south of Houston street, or on, over or across any such street in said borough through which there is or may be operated any elevated railroad trains, shall constitute a prohibited rate of speed and manner of driving, and a violation of this section. (Ords. effective April 29, 1913, March 18, 1914; amd. by ord. appd. Dec. 13, 1918.) 2. Turning corners. In turning a corner of meeting or intersecting highways, no person operating, driving or propelling any vehicle subject to the provisions of subdivision 1 of this section shall proceed, nor shall the owner of any such vehicle riding thereon or therein, cause or permit the same to proceed at a rate of speed greater than 4 miles per hour. (Id.) 3. Overtaking or meeting street car. In overtaking or meeting a street car, which has been stopped for the purpose of receiving or discharging a passenger, no vehicle that is subject to the provisions of subdivision 1 of this section shall pass or approach within 8 feet of such car so long as the same is stopped and remains stand- ing, for the purpose aforesaid. (Id.) 4. Approaching bridges ; passing public schools. Upon approaching a bridge, or in passing a public school on school days, between the hours of 8 o’clock a. m. and 4 o’clock p. m., no person operating, driving or propelling any vehicle subject to the provisions of subdivision 1 of this section shall proceed, nor shall the owner of any such vehicle riding thereon or therein cause or permit the same to proceed at a rate of speed greater than 10 miles per hour. (Id.) 5. Congested streets. In the thickly populated residential sections of the city, the police commissioner is hereby authorized and empowered to cause signs to be erected or maintained in any street thereof, at any time of the day or night when such street shall be congested by traffic or thronged by children, which shall be affixed to stanchions on the curb or other conspicuous places, and shall indicate that the speed limit in such street shall be not more than 8 miles per hour. No person operating, driving or propelling any vehicle, subject to the provisions of subdivision 1 of this section, shall proceed, nor shall the owner of any such vehicle riding thereon or therein, cause or permit the same to proceed at a greater speed than 8 miles per hour upon any portion of any street so restricted, during the time when any such sign shall be erected and maintained thereon... (Ord. effective July 7, 1914.) 5a. Rate of speed, certain streets, The Bronx. No person operating, driving or propelling any vehicle, subject to the provisions of subdivision 1 of this section, shall proceed, nor shall the owner of any such vehicle riding thereon or therein, cause or permit the same to proceed at a greater speed than 8 miles per hour, upon any portion of the following streets : Washington avenue from 167th street to 175th street; Brook avenue from 169th street to Claremont parkway; and Bathgate ave- nue from Claremont parkway to Tremont avenue, and Claremont parkway from Crotona Park to Claremont Park, in the borough of The Bronx. (Added by ord. effective July 17, 1917.) 6. Exceptions. Nothing contained in any of the provisions of subdivision 1 of this section as to specific rates of speed, nor in any of the provisions of either subdivisions 2, 3, 4 or 5 hereof, shall apply to vehicles which run only on rails or tracks nor to any of the following vehicles, when the same are responding for emergency work in case of fire, accident, public disaster or impending danger, to wit : wagons, trucks and apparatus of the fire department, the insurance patrol, the police depart- ment, the bureaus of buildings or the militia ; ambulances, or the emergency repair wagons of public service corporations. (Ord. effective Apr. 29, 1913.) 7. Violations. Any person who shall operate, drive or propel and any owner 480 TRAFFIC REGULATIONS. thereof, riding thereon or therein, who shall cause or permit any vehicle subject to the provisions of subdivision 1 of this section, to be operated, driven or propelled in violation of any of the provisions of this section, shall, upon conviction for the first offense, be punished by a fine of not less than $25 nor more than $100, or by im- prisonment for a term of not less than 2 days nor more than 15 days, or by both such fine and imprisonment, and shall upcn conviction for the second offense, within 1 year from the commission of the first offense, be punished by a fine of net less than $50 nor more than $100, or by imprisonment for a term of not less than 3 days nor more than 30 days, or by both such fine and imprisonment, and shall upon conviction for the third offense, and for each and every offense subsequent thereto, within 1 year from the commission of the first offense, be punished by a fine of $100 or by imprisonment for a term of not less than 5 days nor more than 60 days, or by both such fine and imprisonment; provided, however, that in construing this section the unit of any 1 year shall be the basis for determining the “first,” “second” or “third” offense, the numerical order changing when succeeding convictions occur, and more than 1 year has elapsed after an original “first,” “second” or “third” offense. (Id.) (Amd. by ord. appd. July 3, 1918.) § 18 . Safety stops for omnibuses and street surface railway cars. 1. Fire stops, school stops. All omnibuses and street surface ’railway cars shall come to a full stop : a. At all points where a “Fire Stop ” sign is exhibited ; b. At all points where a “School Stop” sign is exhibited, between the hours of 8 a. m. and 9 a. m., 12 noon and 1 p. m., and 3, p. m., and 5 p. m., except on Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays and during the period from July 1 to September 1, in- clusive. Each borough president is hereby authorized to erect signs, bearing the words “School Stop,” on each side of streets within his jurisdiction which intersect or meet the streets on which a school is located, within 500 feet from such intersecting or meeting street. Such signs may be placed on lamp posts, street sign posts, trolley poles, trolley span wires, or other available supports, or, in the absence of any such existing structure, on such new supports as he may find necessary. (Amended by ord. effective July 17, 1917.) 2. Passenger stops. Street surface railway cars when signaled to take on or discharge passengers shall come to a full stop, in such a position as not to obstruct the crosswalk, before crossing any intersecting or connecting street; except that, with the written consent of the police commissioner and upon the installation of “Trolley Stop” signs by the railway company, street surface railway cars may stop: (a) At other points on unpaved streets; (b) In the centers of blocks over 400 feet long; (c) On the far side of any street containing an intersecting street railway. The provisions of this subdivision shall apply also to omnibuses, except that omnibuses when signaled to take on or discharge passengers shall come to a full stop, in such a position as not to obstruct the crosswalk, after crossing any intersecting or connecting street, and provided that the provisions of clause (c), when applied to omnibuses, shall have reference to the near side instead of the far side of any street containing an intersecting street railway. “Bus Stop” signs to be used instead of “Trolley Stop” signs. 3. Intersecting streets. Street surface railway cars may cross an intersecting or connecting street without stopping; provided that, in each case, the police com- missioner shall have given his written consent to such crossing and the railway company shall have installed a “No Stop” sign at such crossing, and provided further that there shall be a regular stopping place with a “Trolley Stop” sign installed thereat, 481 CHAP. 24, ART. 2, SECS. 30-21. within 200 feet of the “No Stop’' sign. (Ord. effective Aug. 14, 1914, and Feb. 15, 1914; amended by ord. effective July 7, 1916; amd. by ord. effective July 7, 1916.) 4. Violations. Any omnibus company or street surface railway company violating any provision of this section, shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of $10 for each offense. (Id.) ARTICLE 3. Miscellaneous Regulations. Section 30. 30a. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 37a. 3a 39 40. 40a. 41. 42. Advertising vehicles. Amboy road; restrictions. Bicycles. Cattle, calves, sheep and swine. City-owned automobiles. Horse-racing. Ice wagons. Motor vehicle mufflers. Ocean parkway ; restrictions. Grand boulevard and concourse, The Bronx. Processions and parades. Sleighs. Trade wagons. Vehicles; marking of. Reasonable care. Enforcement of chapter; duties of police department. §30. Advertising vehicles. No advertising trucks, vans or wagons shall be allowed in the streets; provided that nothing herein contained shall prevent the putting of business notices upon ordU nary business wagons, so long as such wagons are engaged in the usual business or regular work of the owner, and not used merely or mainly for advertising. (§41, Man- hattan ords.) §30a. Amboy road; restrictions. No person shall drive an auto truck over the Amboy road, in the borough of Richmond, except as it may be necessary to cart or convey supplies to the residences along said road, or building materials to buildings in course of construction or alteration thereon. Any person violating this provision shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of $25 for each offense, or by imprisonment for not exceeding 10 days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. (Added by ord. appd. July . 8, 1919; amd. by ord. appd. March 23, 1920.) §31. Bicycles. 1. Coasting. No bicycle shall be allowed to proceed in any street of the city by inertia or momentum, with the feet of the rider removed from the pedals. (C. O., §460.) 2. Trick riding. No rider of a bicycle shall remove both hands from the handle- bars, nor practice any trick or fancy riding in any street. (C. O., §461.) 3. Carrying children. No bicyclist shall carry upon his bicycle any child under the age of 5 years. (C. O., §462.) 4. Leading bicycles. Riders of bicycles, when dismounted, may lead their bicycles along the sidewalk in single file, and bicycles may be allowed to stand on the sidewalk provided they are within the stoop line and cause no obstruction. (C. O. §467.) 5. Use of sidewalks. No bicycle shall be ridden on the sidewalks of any street of the city. (C. O., §468; amended by ord. June 30, 1914.) 482 TRAFFIC REGULATIONS. §32. Cattle, calves, sheep and swine. 1. Driving or herding in streets. No cattle, calves, sheep or swine shall be driven in any street without a permit from the police commissioner, and in strict accordance with the routes, hours and other conditions prescribed thereby; provided that, in the borough of Manhattan, cattle, calves, sheep or swine, landed at the foot of the street leading to the slaughter-house to which they shall be destined, may be driven along such street, if the same shall be effectively barred or closed so as to prevent the escape of any of said animals during their transfer from the dock to the slaughter- house. (Ord. effective Feb. 9, 1915.) 2. Leading cattle. No person shall lead, or attempt to lead or cause to be led, any cattle, otherwise than singly, 1 person with each, on any street nor upon any sidewalk. (Id.) 3. Landing in Manhattan. No cattle, calves, sheep or swine shall be landed in the borough of Manhattan except in accordance with the provisions of this section. (Id.) §33. City=owned automobiles. The words “City of New York” shall be painted plainly, and visibly, on the out- side of the back of the body of each automobile owned by the city. The letters of such inscription shall be at least 5 inches in the least dimension, and the color shall contrast with the color of the body of the car. No person shall use an automobile owned by the city which is not lettered as prescribed herein ; provided, however, that automobiles used by the police department, in the detection and the suppression of crime, shall be exempt from the provisions of this section. (Ord. effective Feb. 6, 1912). §34. Horse=racing. Except as provided in chapter 17 of this ordinance, no person shall run or race any horse in any street, nor consent to or suffer such racing, under the penalty of $50 to be recovered from the person who shall so race, or suffer or permit such racing and the owner, rider and the person having charge of any animal which shall so race and run, severally and respectively. This section shall be construed to prevent and punish the running, racing or trotting of any horse for any trial of speed, or for the purpose of passing any other horse, whether the same be founded upon any stake, bet or otherwise. (§§89, 90, Manhattan ords.) §35. Ice wagons. No person, being the owner or driver of any wagon used for the sale of ice, shall permit or allow the scale thereon or the beam to which it may be attached, or other implements for handling ice, to project, or hang outside or beyond the side of such wagon when it is in motion in any street. (§88, Manhattan ords.) §36. Motor vehicles; mufflers. Every motor vehicle propelled by an internal combustion engine, shall, when such engine is running on any street or public place, be equipped with a muffler or silencer, through which all of the exhaust gases from the engine will escape into the atmosphere. No operator or driver of any motor vehicle shall use any cut-out, fitting, or other ap- paratus or device, which will allow the exhaust gases to escape into the atmosphere without passing through such muffler or silencer. (Ord. effective Apr. 16, 1912.) §37. Ocean parkway; restrictions. No person shall drive any vehicle over the easterly side road or bridle road of the Ocean parkway, between Prospect park and the Coney Island concourse, in the borough of Brooklyn, except as it may be necessary to cart or convey supplies to the residences along said road, or building materials to buildings in course of con- 483 CHAP. 24, ART. 2, SECS. 37a , 38. struction or alteration thereon. In all cases, however, vehicles must enter said road from the street nearest to the residence or house in course of construction, and must leave the same at the next intersecting street. (§83, Brooklyn ords.) §37a. Grand boulevard and concourse, The Bronx. 1. The following regulations shall govern vehicular traffic upon the drives and roads of the Grand boulevard and concourse in the borough of The Bronx: (1) Side drives. The side drives are primarily for the use of passenger auto- mobiles and motorcycles of all kinds. Trucks, delivery wagons and other business vehicles are prohibited from using the same, except when requisite for the purposes of stopping at property fronting thereon, and in such cases the use thereof by such vehicles is prohibited further than is necessary for entering upon and leaving the concourse by the nearest side street or streets. (2) Centre drive. The centre drive is for the use of north- and south-bound horse-drawn pleasure vehicles and for equestrians, but not for business traffic of any kind. (3) Application of police regulations. “The Rules for Driving and Regulation of Street Traffic,” issued by the police department of the city of New York, and the “Rules of the Road” of the Code of Ordinances, shall not apply to the grand boulevard and concourse where they conflict with the foregoing rules and regulations. (Added by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) §38. Processions and parades. 1. Permits. No procession, parade or race shall be permitted upon any street or in any public place without a written permit first obtained from the police commis- sioner. Application for such permit shall be made in writing, upon a suitable form prescribed and furnished by the police department, not less than 36 hours previous to the forming or marching of such procession, parade or race. The police commissioner shall, after due investigation of such application, grant such permit subject to the following 2. Restrictions. (a) He shall not grant a permit where he has good reason to believe that the proposed procession, parade or race will be disorderly in character or tend to disturb the public peace; (b) The commissioner shall not grant a permit for the use of any street or any public place, or material portion thereof, which is ordinarily subject to great con- gestion or traffic and is chiefly of a business or mercantile character, except upon those holidays or Sundays when the places of business along the route proposed are closed, or on other days between the hours of 6.30 p. m. and 9 a. m. ; (Amended by ord. effective June 12, 1917.) (c) Each such permit shall designate specifically the route through which the procession, parade or race shall move, and it may also specify the width of the road- way td be used, and may include such rules and regulations as the commmissioner may deem necessary; (d) Special/ permits for occasions of extraordinary public interest, not annual or customary, or not so intended to be, may be granted by the commissioner for any street or public place, and for any day or hc/ur, with the written approval of the mayor ; (e) The chief officer o'f any procession, parade or race, for which a permit may be granted by the commissioner, shall be responsible for the strict observance of all rules and regulations included in said permit. 484 TRAFFIC REGULATIONS. 3. Exemptions. This section shall not apply : (a) To the ordinary and necessary movements of the United States army, United States navy, national guard, police department and fire department; nor (b) To such portion of any street as may have already been, or may hereafter be duly, set aside as a speedway, nor (c) To processions or parades which have marched annually upon the streets for more than 10 years, previous to July 7, 1914. 4. Violations. Every person participating in any procession, parade or race, for which a permit has not been issued when required by this section, shall, upon con- viction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $25, or by imprisonment for not exceeding 10 days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. (Ord. effective July 7, 1914.) §39. Sleighs. No person shall drive a horse before a sleigh or sled through any street, unless there shall be a sufficient number of bells attached to the harness or sleigh to warn persons of its approach. (§91, Manhattan ords.) §40. Trade wagons. Trade wagons shall not be allowed to collect on any street or public place, to the obstruction of travel or the annoyance of persons coming and going on the streets, sidewalks or crosswalks, or any property owner or resident in the vicinity. (§6, F. Rockaway Ords.) §40a. Vehicles; marking of. Every vehicle, other than a pleasure or licensed vehicle, operated on the streets of the city, shall at all times display, plainly marked on both sides in letters and numerals not less than 3 inches in height, the names and address of the owner thereof. (Added by ord. appd. April 24, 1919.) §41. Reasonable care. Nothing contained in or omitted from this chapter shall be construed, or held to relieve any person using, traveling, or being upon any street, for any purpose what- soever, from exercising all reasonable care to avoid or prevent injury through col- lision with all other persons and vehicles. (C. O., §470.) §42. Enforcement of chapter; duties of police department. The police department shall have exclusive control of the management of vehicular traffic. The police commissioner shall cause suitable abstracts of the provisions of this chapter to be posted in all public stables and garages, and at all hack, cab and truck stands. He shall cause copies thereof to be kept at all police stations, to be issued to the public on application without charge. (C. O., §§472, 473.) 485 Article 1. 2 . 3. Section 1. 2 . 3. 4. 5. 6 . 7. 8 . CHAPTER 25. WATER SUPPLY. Construction and maintenance. Rents and charges. Use of water. ARTICLE 1. Construction and Maintenance. Emergency repairs. Pollution of or interference with water supply. Trespass on water supply property. Obstruction of stop-cocks. Hydrants to- be kept closed. Connections. Public wells. Violations. §1. Emergency repairs. In case of any unexpected casualty or damage to the pipes, reservoirs or other structures connected with the city’s water supply, the chief engineer of the depart- ment of water supply, gas and electricity, under direction of the commissioner, shall take immediate measures for the preservation and repair of the same, the expense of which shall be paid on his requisition by the warrant of the comptroller. (C. O., §285.) §2. Pollution of or interference with water supply. No person shall bathe in o'r go into the water of any water supply reservoir, or any part of a city aqueduct; nor shall any person throw stones, chips or dirt, or any other material, substance or thing whatever into any reservoir, gate-house, ven- tilator, aqueduct, fountain or basin; nor shall any person in any manner injure or disfigure any part of the water works system of the city. (C. O., §286.) §3. Trespass on water supply property. No person shall trespass on any part of the embankment of a water supply reser- voir, nor go or remain thereon without permission of the proper persons having charge of the same; nor shall any person fail or refuse to comply with the regulations of the commissioner of water supply, gas and electricity as to the times when citizens shall leave the embankment of a reservoir, or the grounds or buildings attached thereto. (C. O., §287.) §4. Obstruction to stop=cocks. No person shall obstruct access to a stop-cock connected with a water-pipe, by placing thereon stone, brick, lumber, dirt, or any other materials ; nor shall any person permit any such material to be placed thereon by those in his employ. (C. O., §295.) §5. Hydrants to be kept closed. The commissioner shall cause all water-supply hydrants to be kept closed. Except in case of fire and for the purpose of extinguishing the same, or when otherwise authorized by law or ordinance, no person shall take or use the water from any hydrant. (C. O., §§200, 292.) §6. Connections. No street shall be opened, nor shall any pipe be bored or connection be made with any main or pipe for water supply purposes, except under the direction of the commissioner, under the penalty of $50 for each offense. (C. O., §289.) 486 WATER SUPPLY . §7. Public wells. No person shall dig a well in any street or public place, and the president of the borough in which any such well shall be dug shall cause the same in all cases to be filled up. (C. 0., §198.) §8. Violations. Any person who shall violate any provisions of this article shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine o’f not more than $50, or by imprisonment for not ex- ceeding 30 days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. (C. O., §286.) ARTICLE 2. Section 20. 21 . 22 . 23. 24. 25. Rents and Charges. Frontage rents. Extra and miscellaneous rates where supply is not metered. Meter rates. Supply discontinued on non-payment. Connection charges. Report of receipts by water register. §20. Frontage rents. The annual frontage rents on premises wholly or partly unmetered, to be collected by the department of water supply, gas and electricity shall be as follows, to wit : Front width of building : One story. 16 feet and under $4 00 16 feet to 18 feet 5 00 18 feet to 20 feet 6 00 20 feet to 22J4 feet 7 00 22 y 2 feet to 25 feet 8 00 25 feet to 30 feet 10 00 30 feet to 37j4 feet 12 00 37^ feet to 50 feet 14 00 For each additional story $1 per annum shall be added ; and for each additional 10 feet or part thereof, above 50 feet in front width of building, $2 shall be added. All rear buildings on any lot or lots, with front buildings thereon, shall pay an annual frontage rate of $5 for each 25 feet front, or fraction thereo'f, but this pro- vision shall not apply to buildings erected on corner lots, each of which buildings shall pay the regular rates as stated in the foregoing subdivisions. The apportionment of the regular frontage rates upon buildings shall be on the basis that but one family is to occupy same, and for each additional family or apart- ment, $1 per year shall be charged. (Ord. effective June 10, 1913.) §21. Extra and miscellaneous rates where supply is not metered. 1. Baths — shall be charged $3 each per annum, 1 bath supplied to each house free of additional charge. (Ord. effective June 10, 1913.) 2. Baths in barber shop, public houses and bathing establishments — shall be charged $5 each per annum. (Id.) 3. Shower baths, not installed over bath tubs, and sitz baths, shall be charged same as baths. (Id.) 4. Water closets and urinals of every description — $2 each per annum; 1 water closet in each house supplied free of additional charge. (Id.) 5. Bakeries — Each oven $5 per annum. (Id.) 6. Barber Shops — Each up to and including 3 chairs, $5 per annum; for each additional chair, $1 per annum. (Id.) 487 CHAP. 25, ART. 2, SEC. 21. 7. Barges (without steam) — Each $5 per annum, water for domestic use only. (Id.) 7a. Boilers, permanent. The annual rate for water supplied in houses for boilers, except those used exclusively for heating purposes, shall be $2.16 per boiler horse- power installed. (Added by ord. appd. April 4, 1918.) 8. Boilers of boats or not permanent — The monthly rate for water supply for hoisting, steam rolling, dredging, erecting, hauling, pile driving, derricks, diggers, conveyers and all floating or portable steam plants and steamboats, except water boats supplying shipping, shall be as follows : Up to and including 10 horsepower $1 00 Up to and including 15 horsepower 1 50 Up to and including 20 horsepower 2 00 Up to and including 25 horsepower 2 50 Up to and including 30 horsepower 3 00 Up to and including 35 horsepower 3 50 Up to and including 40 horsepower 4 00 Up to and including 45 horsepower 4 50 Up to and including 50 horsepower 5 00 Up to and including 55 horsepower 5 50 Up to and including 60 horsepower 6 00 Up to and including 65 horsepower 6 50 Up to and including 70 horsepower 7 00 Up to and including 75 horsepower 7 50 Up to and including 80 horsepower 8 00 Up to and including 85 horsepower 8 50 Up to and including 90 horsepower 9 00 Up to and including 95 horsepower 9 50 Up to and including 100 horsepower 10 00 Above 100 horsepower, at the rate of 10 cents per horsepower per month, using the multiple of 5 as in above table. An allowance of 33y§ per cent, in the above rates shall be made where condensers are used. (Id.) 9. Boiler testing — All boats, in addition to paying the regular fixed charges, shall pay an extra charge of $100 per annum when engaged or employed in furnishing water in the testing of boilers in the other boats. (Id.) 10. Bottling establishments — Each bottle-washing apparatus, machine or tub, $10 per annum. (Id.) 11. Building purposes — Stone work, terra cotta, concrete, fireproofing, brick work, and all other forms of masonry, 5 cents per cubic yard. (Id.) 12. Plastering — 40 cents per 100 square yards, openings not included. (Id.) 13. Caisson sinking and air compressors — 10 cents per 100 cubic feet. (Id.) 14. Condensers — 10 cents per 100 cubic feet. (Id.) 15. Conservatories — Same as florists. (Id.) 16. Demolition — For wetting down while buildings are being demolished, a charge shall be made equal to of the annual frontage rate of said building. (Id.) 17. Dentist — Each fountain cuspidor, $1 per annum. (Id.) 18. Dining saloons and restaurants — $8 per annum. (Id.) 19. Fish stands — Each, $10 per annum. If live fish are sold, other than shell fish, $25 per annum. (Id.) 20. Florists — Each, $5 per annum. (Id.) 21. Horse troughs — For each trough and for each ^ barrel or tub on sidewalk or street, $20 per annum. (Id.) 488 WATER SUPPLY. 21a. Ice machines. For any machine or apparatus used in the production of ice or refrigeration a yearly charge of $20 per ton shall be made for the actual capacity of the machine or apparatus. (Added by ord. appd. April 4, 1918.) 22. Laundries — Each wash tub, washing machine or apparatus for washing clothes, $5 per annum. (Id.) 23. Liquor and lager beer saloons — For each bar, $10 per annum, and an addi- tional charge of $5 for each wash box. For each beer pump using water in its opera- tion, $50 per annum. (Id.) 24. Milk depots — For the purpose of washing cans or bottles, each washing machine, tub or washing apparatus, $10 per annum. (Id.) 25. Photograph galleries — Each faucet or outlet, $5 per annum. (Id.) 26. Soda or mineral water fountains — Each, $5 per annum. One washbox al- lowed. For each additional washbox, $3 per annum. (Id.) 27. Soda, mineral or carbonic water manufacturer — For each machine or ap- paratus (retail), $10 per annum; for each machine or apparatus (wholesale), $100 per annum. (Id.) 28. Stalls — In stables, $1 each per annum. (Id.) 29. Water boats (steam) — Monthly charges, according to tank capacity of each boat, shall be as follows : 12,000 gallons or less 25 00 12.000 to 20,000 gallons 37 50 20.000 to 30,000 gallons 50 00 30.000 to 40,000 gallons 62 50 40.000 to 60,000 gallons 75 00 60.000 to 100,000 gallons 100 00 (Id.) 30. Water boats (motor) — Shall be charged monthly, according to tank capacity of each boat, as follows : 3.000 gallons or less $7 50 Over 3,000 gallons, but not exceeding 6,000 gallons 15 00 Over 6,000 gallons, but not exceeding 12,000 gallons 25 00 Over 12,000 gallons, the rate for steam water boats shall be charged. (Id.) 31. Wash drills (all kinds) — 10 cents per 100 cubic feet. 32. Unspecified — All charges not herein mentioned or fixed are reserved for special contract, by and with the commissioner. (Id.) §22. Meter rates. The charge for water measured by meter shall be 10 cents per 100 cubic feet. (Ord. effective June 10, 1913.) §23. Supply discontinued on nonpayment. The supply of water shall be cut off in all cases where the rent therefor is behind and unpaid 10 days. (C. O., §284.) §24. Connection charges. All persons contracting for a supply of water shall pay the cost of the materials and labor used and expended on the streets, necessary to make the connection with the conduit pipes, or pay such annual interest thereon as required by the rules and regu- lation of the commissioner. (C. O., §289.) 489 CHAP. 25, ARTS. 2, 3, SECS. 25-44. §25. Report of receipts by water register. The water register, or the cashier of the water register’s office, shall on each day, except Sunday of each week, render to the comptroller an account, under oath, of all moneys received by him, showing the amounts received, from all classes of rev- enue, and shall, thereupon, pay over the amounts so received to the chamberlain, furnishing to the comptroller a receipt showing the payment of such sums into the city treasury. He shall also, if required by the comptroller, make a separate daily report showing all the itfems comprising the amounts received by him, in form satis- factory to the comptroller. (C. O., §281; amended by ord. effective Jan. 26, 1915.) ARTICLE 3. Section 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. Use Street cleaning. Traffic in water. Washing down streets Washing vehicles. Watering horses. of Water. from private connection. §40. Street cleaning. The commissioner of water supply, gas and electricity shall, at all times when the general supply of water is not thereby endangered, permit the hydrants to be used for cleaning the streets, under his regulation. (C. O., §293.) §41. Traffic in water. No person, except such as may be licensed by the commissioner, shall take water from any hydrant or water connection erected, or to be erected in the city, and attached to the water pipes, for the purpose of using the same on any boat, vessel, barge or pile-driver, or for the purpose of selling or offering the same for sale to the owner of any boat, vessel, barge, or pile driver. (C. O., §290.) §42. Washing down streets from private connection. No person shall wash any street, sidewalk, areaway, steps, building or other place or thing, from the 1st day of December to the 1st day of April following, by means of hose or piping, where the water runs upon a street, sidewalk, or other public place. Water may be so used from the 1st day of April to the last day of November of each year, between the hours of 4 p. m. and 8 a. m., but city water shall not be so used until permit therefor shall first have been obtained from the department of water supply, gas and electricity. No charge shall be made for such permit, when the water used is paid for according to meter registration ; where no meter is used, there shall be a charge of $5 for using city water during the period covered by the permit. (C. O., §294; amended by ord. effective Apr. 14, 1914.) §43. Washing vehicles. No person shall wash or cause to be washed any carriage, wagon or other vehicle on any street or public place. (C. O., §205.) §44. Watering horses. 1. Bucket-filling equipment. All publicly owned watering troughs, and those erected or maintained by the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, shall be provided with the necessary piping and fixtures to enable the filling of pails with water therefrom, or otherwise modified in construction so as to meet the requirements of the board of health. The supply of water for such troughs shall 490 WATER SUPPLY. be furnished by the department of water supply, gas and electricity. All other horse- watering troughs on streets and public places shall likewise be provided with the piping and fixtures necessary to enable the filling of pails with water, and the use of the water for that purpose shall be paid for in the manner provided in this chapter. All horse-watering stations in streets and public places, hereafter constructed or operated, shall conform to the provisions of this section and be subject thereto. No person shall draw water from these fixtures for a purpose other than watering horses or other ani- mals, nor shall any person tamper with the said fixtures. (Ord. effective July 7, 1914.') 2. Horse-buckets. Every commercial vehicle to which a horse is attached must be provided, while on the public thoroughfares of the city, with a watering pail, which shall be used only for the purpose of watering or feeding the horse or horses attached to the vehicle. (Id.) 3. Temporary relief stations. Nothing in this section shall prevent the estab- lishment of temporary relief stations, in conformity with such requirements as may be imposed by the board of health, with the consent of the commissioner of water supply, gas and electricity. (Id.) 491 CHAPTER 26. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. Article 1. Bureau of weights and measures. 2. Regulation of weights and measures. 3. Standards for various commodities. ARTICLE 1. Section 1. 2 . 3. 4. Bureau of Weights and Measures. Organization. Trading restriction. Jurisdiction. Duties of inspectors. §1. Organization. There shall be a mayor’s bureau of weights and measures in charge of a commis- sioner of weights and measures, to be appointed by the mayor and removable by him at pleasure. The salary of the commissioner shall be $5,000 per annum. Inspectors of weights and measures shall be appointed by the commissioner, and all complaints against inspectors shall be lodged with the commissioner, to be by him reported, with his recommendation thereon, to the mayor for his action. (C. O., §§380, 402.) §2. Trading restriction. The commissioner shall not, nor shall any inspector or other employee of the bureau, engage in the business of manufacturing, vending or selling any weight, measure, scale, balance, steelyard or other instrument for weighing or measuring, under the penalty of $50 for each such offence. (C. O., §400.) §3. Jurisdiction. Each inspector of weights and measures is hereby authorized to inspect, examine, test and seal, at least once in each year, and as often as the commissioner may deem proper, all weights,, measures, scale beams, patent balances, steelvards and other instru- ments used in weighing and measuring. Upon' the written request of any resident of the city, the commissioner shall test or cause to be tested, within a reasonable time after the receipt of such request, the weights, measures, scale beams, patent balances, steelyards or other instruments used in buying or selling by the person making such request. All such appliances shall be made to conform to the standard of the state, and shall be marked by the inspector with the initials of his name and the date on which the same shall be sealed and marked. (C. O., §§385, 392.) §4. Duties of inspectors. 1. Reports. Each inspector of weights and measures shall report promptly to the commissioner the names of all persons whose weights, measures or other instru- ments for weighing and measuring shall be found to be incorrect. Each inspector shall file a daily report with the commissioner, and make such other and further reports and keep such further records as may be required, from time to time, by the commissioner. (C. O., §§397, 398.) 2. Return of testing instruments. Whenever any inspector shall resign or be removed from office, he shall deliver at the office of the commissioner all the standard weights and measures and other official property in his possession. (C. O., §403.) 492 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. Section 10. 11 . 12 . 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18 . 19. 20 . 21 . 22 . ARTICLE 2. Regulation of Weights and Measures. Testing, sealing and marking. Measures and containers. Sale of weights and measures. Sale by true weight or measure required; weights and measures to - be tested. Confiscation of false weights and measures. Alteration of tested appliances. Defrauding by false weights or measures. Use of inaccurate weights or measures. Repair of inaccurate appliances. Right of inspection. Certificate of inspection. Interference with inspectors. Violations. §10. Testing, sealing and marking. All persons using weights and measures, scale beams, patent balances, steelyards, or any other instrument used in weighing or measuring any article intended to be purchased or sold, shall cause the same to be tested, sealed and marked by the com- missioner or an inspector of the bureau, unless the same have been already so tested, sealed and marked by the inspector as hereinafter provided. No person shall use any weight, measure, scale beam, patent balance, steelyard, or any other instrument in weighing or measuring any commodity or article of merchandise intended for purchase or sale, unless the same shall have been so tested, sealed and marked. Each inspector shall make a record and certificate, as hereinafter provided, of all the weights, measures, scale beams, patent balances, steelyards and other instruments used for weighing and measuring inspected by him, in which he shall state the names of the owners of the same, and whether they conform to the standards of the state. (C. O., §§383, 384, 396.) §11. Measures and containers. No person shall manufacture, construct, sell, offer for sale or give away, any dry measure or liquid measure, nor any barrel, pail, basket, vessel, container, intended to be used in the purchase or sale of any commodity or article of merchandise, which shall not be so constructed as to conform to the standards provided by statute ; nor shall any person use any barrel, cask, pail, basket, vessel or container, in the purchase or sale of any commodity or article of merchandise, which does not conform to the standards provided by law. (C. O., §395a.) §12. Sale of weights and measures. No person shall sell, offer for sale, or give away any weights, scales, beams, measures of any kind, or the tools, appliances or accessories connected with any and all instruments or mechanical devices for weighing or measuring, intended to be used for the purchase or sale of any commodity or article of merchandise, or for public weighing, until a type or types of the said weights, scales, beams, measures of every kind, or the tools, appliances or accessories connected with any and all instruments or mechanical devices for measurement or public weighing, with specifications as to con- struction, shall have been submitted to and approved by the commissioner of weights and measures. The commissioner shall, when said types are approved, designate a serial number, which serial number shall be used in identifying the type approved. A record of the serial numbers and to whom furnished shall be kept in the office of the 493 CHAP. 26 , ART. 2, SECS. 13-17. commissioner. No person shall sell, offer for sale, or give away any weight, scale, beam or measure of any kind, or the tools, appliances or accessories connected with any instrument or mechanical device for weighing or measuring, intended to be used for the purchase or sale of any commodity or article of merchandise or for public weighing, that does not comply with the specifications and type submitted and approved by the commissioner, as provided in this section. The commissioner shall keep a register of the name of each person whose weights, measures, scale beams, patent balances, steelyards or other instruments have been inspected, together with the number and size of same, and what of each was approved and what condemned, with the date of inspection, and such record shall be open to the inspection of the public at all reasonable times. (C. O. §§384a, 387; amended by ord. effective May 2, 1911.) §13. Sale by true weight or measure required; weights and measures to be tested. No person shall sell or offer for sale any commodity or article of merchandise, in any market or in any public street or other place, at or for a greater weight or measure than the true measure or weight thereof; and all ice, coal, coke, meats, poultry, butter and butter in prints, provisions, and all other commodities and articles of merchandise (except vegetables sold by the head or bunch) sold in the streets, or elsewhere, shall be weighed or measured by scales, measures or balances, or in measures duly tested, sealed and marked by the commissioner or an inspector of the bureau; provided, that poultry may be offered for sale and sold in other manner than by weight, but in all cases where the persons intending to purchase, or an inspector of the bureau shall so desire and request poultry shall be weighed, as hereinbefore provided. (C. O., §388; amended by ord. effective July 7, 1916; amd. by ord. appd. August 8, 1916.) §14. Confiscation of false weights or measures. Any weight which, upon being tested, is found to be short a quarter of an ounce or more ; or any scale of 240 pounds capacity, or less, which upon being tested is found to be short in weight by a quarter of a pound or more; or any scale of a capacity of between 240 and 400 pounds, which upon being tested is found to be short 2 pounds or more; or any scale of a capacity greated than 400 pounds, which, upon being tested, is found to be short 5 pounds or more; or any scale which is in an unfit condition to be used by being worn out, badly rusted, or by any other cause; or any measure or utensil, being used in the sale or purchase of any commodity or article of merchan- dise, which does not conform to the standards provided by statute, may be summarily confiscated and destroyed by the commissioner or an inspector of the bureau. (C. O., §389.) §15. Alteration of tested appliances. No person shall alter or change, in any manner, any weight, measure, scale beam, patent balance, steelyard or other instrument, to be used in weighing or measuring any commodity or article of merchandise, after the same has been tested, sealed and marked by the commissioner or an inspector of the bureau, so that the same shall weigh or measure inaccurately. (C. O. §384b.) §16. Defrauding by false weights or measures. No person shall injure or defraud another by using a false weight, measure or other apparatus, in weighing or measuring of any commodity or article of merchandise, nor by delivering less than the quantity he purports to deliver. (C. O. §388a.) §17. Use of inaccurate weights or measures. No person shall use, in weighing or measuring, any weight, measure, scale beam, patent balance, steelyard or other instrument, which shall not conform to the lawful standard therefor, nor shall any person use in weighing any scale beam, patent bal- 494 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. ance, steelyard or other instrument which shall be out of order or incorrect, or which shall not balance. (C. 0., §386.) §18. Repair of inaccurate appliances. All weights, measures, scale beams, patent balances, steelyards and other instru- ments, used for weighing or measuring, may be inspected and sealed at the stores and places where the same may be used; and, in case they or any of them shall be found not to conform to the standard of this state, the inspector of weights and measures shall condemn the same and shall seal thereto a notice that such scale or measure does not conform to the lawful standard. Thereupon, the owner thereof shall, within 5 days and at his own expense, cause the same to be so altered and repaired as to con- form it to the said standard, and shall cause notice to be mailed or served personally within 24 hours after such alteration and repair, upon the bureau, in writing, that such scale or measure has been so altered and repaired, but shall not break or remove the seal or notice. No person, other than an inspector of weights and measures, shall remove or cause to be removed the said notice. (C. O., §395; amended by ord. approved Aug. 8, 1916.) §19. Right of inspection. No person shall refuse to exhibit any weight, measure, scale beam, patent balance, steelyard or other instrument to any inspector of the bureau, for the purpose of inspection or examination. (C. O., §393.) §20. Certificate of inspection. Each inspector shall give a certificate to the owner of the weights or measures inspected, and shall keep a record of each certificate given on a corresponding stub. The certificates and corresponding stubs shall be numbered consecutively. The books containing the stubs, after the corresponding certificates have been given out, shall become a public record. The commissioner shall, when required, certify extracts from such records. (C. O., §401.) §21. Interference with inspectors. No person shall, in any way or manner, obstruct, hinder or molest the commis- sioner or any inspector of the bureau in the performance of his duties, as herein im- posed upon him. (C. O., §394.) §22. Violations. 1. Report of. The commissioner shall report forthwith to the corporation counsel the names and places of business of all persons violating any of the provisions of this chapter, and of all persons making use of any fraudulent or unsealed weights, measures, scales or other instruments for weighing or measuring. (C. O., §399.) 2. Punishment. Any person who shall violate any provision of this article shall forfeit and pay a penalty of $100 for each and every such offense. (C. O., §388.) Section 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. ARTICLE 3. Standards for Various Commodities. Bread. Coal. Firewood. Ice. Poultry. Violations. §30.' Bread. All bread baked and offered or exposed for sale shall be made of good and whole- some flour or meal, and sold by avoirdupois weight. All loaf-bread, offered for sale, CHAP. 26 , ART. 3 SECS'. 3i. not in conformity with the provisions of this article shall be forfeited, and may be seized and disposed of for the use of the city. (§§15-17, Manhattan or4s.) §31. Coal. 1. To be sold by weight. Coal shall be sold by avoirdupois weight, as herein- after provided. A person, firm or corporation shall not attempt to sell or deliver less than two thousand pounds by weight to the ton of coal or a proper proportion thereof in quantities less than a ton and shall be liable to a penalty of not exceeding $50, provided that in all cases thirty pounds to a ton shall be allowed for the variation in scales and wastage. 2. Scales , designation of. There shall be designated by the commissioner sta- tionary scales, suitable for the purpose of weighing coal, the owners of which may tender the same for public use in different parts of the city in such number and locality as shall be deemed necessary, on which the coal, or the vehicle, with or without coal, may be weighed. The scales so designated shall be provided at the expense of the owners thereof, with test weights, and shall be subject at all times to the inspection and supervision of the commissioner or an inspector of weights and measures, who shall inspect such scales at least once in each month. Such scales shall also be provided by the owner thereof with a competent weighmaster. The owner of such scales shall be entitled to charge for weighing coal, and vehicles containing coal at such scales, a fee of not exceeding fifteen cents per ton; empty vehicles returning to such scale and after delivery of coal contained therein shall be reweighed without further charge. 3. Owner of scales to give bond. The owner of such scales so designated shall enter into a bond with the city in which such scales are situated in the sum of five hundred dollars, with two sufficient sureties, conditioned that such scales shall be kept in such condition as at all times to properly register the weight of coal and that the person weighing coal thereat shall perform his duties faithfully, and fur- nish like certificates to all persons having coal or coal vehicles weighing at such scales. The amount of such bond shall be recoverable at the suit of the city on proof that any conditions thereof have not been complied with. 4. Delivery tickets. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation delivering coal to deliver or cause to be delivered any quantity or quantities of coal which shall have been sold by weight without each such delivery being accom- panied by a delivery ticket and a duplicate thereof, on each of which shall be in ink, or other indelible substance, distinctly expressed in pounds, the quantity or quantities of coal contained in a car, wagon or other vehicle used in such delivery, with the name of the purchaser thereof and the name of the dealer from whom purchased. One of such tickets shall be delivered to the purchaser of the coal specified thereon and the other of such tickets shall be retained by the seller of the coal. Any person, firm or corporation who shall violate provisions of this section shall be liable to a penalty of not exceeding fifty dollars. 5. Proviso as to delivery of entire cargo. The preceding section shall not apply to coal delivered by the entire cargo direct from the vessel containing the same to one destination and accepted by the purchaser on the original bill of lading as proof of weight; but with every such delivery of an entire cargo of coal in the city there shall be delivered to the purchaser thereof one of the original bills of lading, issued by the person, firm or corporation by whom the coal was loaded into the vessel from which such coal is delivered to the purchaser of the entire cargo thereof, on each of which bills of lading there shall be in ink or other indelible sub- stance, distinctly expressed, the date and place of loading such cargo and the num- ber of pounds contained thereon. Any person, firm or corporation who shall violate the provisions of this section shall be liable to a penalty of not exceeding fifty dollars. 496 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 6. Right of purchaser to have coal reweighed. It shall be the right of every purchaser of coal before accepting delivery of same to have any of the delivery of such coal weighed at his expense at any of the scales designated under the pro- visions of the preceding sections, provided such scales are within one-half mile of the place of loading or the place of delivery of the coal, and for this purpose to require that any vehicle containing coal purchased by him shall be taken by the driver or other person in charge thereof to such scales for the purpose of having the same weighed, and after the delivery of the coal, to require that the vehicle from which such coal so purchased shall have been delivered shall be taken by the driver thereof, or any other person in charge thereof, to such scales to be weighed at the expense of the purchaser thereof, and a certificate of the weight of such coal so weighed as aforesaid shall thereupon be furnished to the purchaser of such coal by the owners of scales by which such coal is so weighed. 7. Penalty for refusal to permit coal to be reweighed. The refusal of any person, firm or corporation to permit coal purchased from him to be reweighed at the request of the purchaser thereof, as aforesaid, or an inspector of weights and measures, or any driver or other person in charge of a vehicle containing coal from which coal has been delivered, to take the same at the request of the purchaser or an inspector of weights and measures to such scales for the purpose of having the same weighed, provided, however, that the purchaser of such coal shall have first paid the owners of the scales or the seller of such coal, or the driver or other person in charge of the vehicle containing such coal an amount sufficient to meet the charges for weigh- ing such coal shall render the person, firm or corporation selling the coal liable to a penalty not to exceed one hundred dollars. 8. Penalty for fraudulent weighing. Any owner of such scales or any agent or representative of his, or any weighmaster employed by him thereat who shall be concerned in any manner in any fraudulent weighing of coal at such scales, or false entry of such weighings, shall forfeit and pay for every such offense the sum of one hundred dollars. 9. Owner of scales to keep memorandum book. Every owner of such scale shall keep a book in which shall be entered in ink a memorandum of every load of coal weighed at such scales showing the name of the person, firm or corporation delivering such coal, the net weight thereof, as shown by the deliverey ticket thereof, of such person, firm or corporation, the name of the purchaser thereof, the gross and net weight of the coal so weighed and the date of weighing. Such book shall be the book of original entries and all certificates delivered by the owner of such scales shall be copies of the entries contained therein, and such book shall at all reasonable hours be open to the inspection of any citizen. Such book shall be fur- nished by the commissioner and when such book of entries is completed such book shall be delivered to the commissioner and filed as a public record. 10. Bills of lading; Penalty for altering. A person guilty of altering, with intent to defraud, any original bill of lading issued by the person, firm or corpo- ration by whom the coal was loaded into the vessel in which such coal is trans- ported or of uttering any such bill of lading so altered, or who is guilty of making, preparing or subscribing or uttering false or fraudulent manifest, invoice, or bill of lading thereof, or removing any part of such cargo of coal without having the amount thereof certified to in writing on such original bill of lading, by the person, firm or corporation receiving the coal so removed, and by the captain of the vessel containing such cargo, shall forfeit and pay for every such offense the sum of one hundred dollars. 11. Markings of bags and baskets. All coal sold or offered for sale in baskets, bags or other receptacles used for the delivery of such coal must have the weight 497 CHAP. 26, ART. 3, SECS. 32-35. of the contents plainly marked on the outside thereof in solid roman capital letters at least one inch in height. Any person, firm or corporation delivering coal as aforesaid in violation of this section shall forfeit and pay for every such offense the sum of fifty dollars. (Ord. approved Dec. 26, 1917.) §32. Firewood. 1. Measuring. No firewood shall be sold otherwise than according to the follow- ing regulations, that is to say: The stanchions of each cart or sled which shall be employed in the carrying the same shall be 5 feet 4 inches high from the floor of the cart or sled, and no higher; and the breadth of such cart or sled, between the 2 foremost stanchions, shall be 2 feet 5 inches, and between the 2 hindmost stanchions 2 feet 9 inches, and no more ; in which space between the 2 stanchions, every cartman who shall cart any wood shall stow as much wood and as close together as can con- veniently be put, or as much of it as will amount to 37 feet 10 2/3 inches, cubic measure, which shall constitute and be deemed a load, and shall and may be bought and sold accordingly. (§22, Manhattan ords.) 2. Crooked wood. No crooked wood shall be stowed with other wood in any cart or sled constructed in manner aforesaid, but the same may be sold or disposed of as refuse wood, not subject to the above regulations; and if any cartman who shall cart firewood shall put, or suffer to be put, in his cart such crooked wood as will prevent his cart from containing a full load between the stanchions thereof, he shall, for every load so carted, forfeit the sum of $1. (§24, Manhattan ords.) 3. Carting. No cartman shall cart any firewood for sale except in carts made and constructed as by law directed, and loaded as above mentioned. (§23, Man- hattan ords.) §33. Ice. No person shall sell or offer for sale ice in any manner other than by weight, and the same shall be weighed immediately before delivery. (C. O., §388b.) §34. Poultry. No turkeys or chickens shall be offered for sale unless their crops are free from food or other substance, and shrunken close to their bodies. All fowls exposed for sale in violation of this ordinance shall be seized and condemned. Such of them as shall be tainted shall be destroyed, and those which are fit for food shall be used in the public institutions of the city. (§20, Manhattan ords.) §35. Violations. Any person who shall violate any provision of this article shall forfeit and pay a penalty of $50, for each and every such offense. (C. O.. §391.) 498 CHAPTER 27. MISCELLANEOUS. Section 1. Advertisements; false and misleading. la. Persons acting as auctioneers. 2. Animals. 3. Bathing in public; floating baths. 3a. Beaches and other parts of the water front to be protected against bottles, crockery, glass and glassware. 4. City magistrates’ courts. 5. Jurors’ fees. 6. Letter-boxes. 7. Queens county; county clerk’s fees. 8. Session laws; compensation for same in Queens and Richmond. 9. Inspection of meat. 9a. Willful destruction of foods. 10. Violations. §1. Advertisements; false and misleading. Any person who, with intent to sell or in any wise dispose of merchandise, securi- ties, services or any thing offered, directly or indirectly, by such person to the public for sale or distribution, or with intent to increase the consumption thereof, or induce the public in any manner to enter into any obligation relating thereto, or to acquire the title thereto or any interest therein, makes, publishes, disseminates, circulates or places before the public, or causes directly or indirectly to be made, published, dis- seminated, circulated or placed before the public in any newspaper or other publica- tion, sold or offered for sale upon any street or public place, or on any sign upon any street or public place, or in any hand bill or advertisement posted upon any street or public place, or on any placard, advertisement or hand bill exhibited or carried in any street or public place, or on any banner or sign flying across the street or from any house, an advertisement of any sort regarding merchandise, securities, service or anything so offered to the public, which advertisement contains any asser- tion, representation or statement which is untrue, deceptive or misleading, shall be punished by a fine of not less than $25 nor more than $250 or by imprisonment of not less than 5 days nor more than 6 months, or by both such fine and imprisonment. (Ord. effective Apr. 14, 1914.) §la. Persons acting as auctioneers. No person, firm or corporation shall represent or circulate or place before the public any announcement, nor insert nor cause to be inserted in any city, business or telephone directory, any notice that such person, firm or corporation conducts the business of an auctioneer without having first obtained a license as such from the city clerk. (Added by ord. effective Oct. 6, 1916; amd. by ord. effective Dec. 12, 1916.) §2. Animals. 1. Public pounds. (Repealed by ord. appd. Feb. 2Q, 1920.) §3. Bathing in public; floating baths. No persons shall swim or bathe in any of the waters within the jurisdiction of the city, except in public or private bathing houses, unless covered with a bathing suit so as to prevent any indecent exposure of the person ; nor shall any person dress or undress in any place exposed to view. The president of the borough, in which the same are situated, is authorized to perfect and promulgate all suitable rules and regulations governing the use of the free floating baths of the city, and breaches of 499 CHAP. 27, SECS . 3a-7. said rules and regulations shall be punishable by a fine not exceeding $5 for each offense, or by imprisonment not exceeding 1 day. (C. O., §§208, 542.) §3a. Beaches and other parts of the water front to be protected against bottles, crockery, glass and glassware. No person shall throw, cast, lay or deposit a glass bottle or piece of crockery, nor any glass or glassware, or any part thereof, on any beach or other part of the water-front, or in any park of the city. A copy of this section, with a proper reference to the punishment provided for its violation by § 10 of this chapter, shall be conspicuously posted by the police commissioner on all beaches, and in all bathing houses thereon, and in all parks, and on all excursion boats plying the waters of the port of New York, during the months of May to October, inclusive, in each year. (Added by ord. effective May 25, 1915.) §4. City magistrates’ courts. An additional city magistrates’ court district, for the borough of Manhattan, is hereby established for the upper west side of said borough, the boundaries of which shall be fixed in accordance with the provisions of §70, chapter 659 of the Laws of 1910, and the court house thereof shall be located on the upper West Side, between W. 140th st. and W. 160th st., in said borough. The court shall be known as the 12th District Magistrate’s Court. (Ord. effective Sept. 23, 1913.) §5. Jurors’ fees. In pursuance of §3314 of the Code of Civil Procedure it is hereby directed that the sum of $3 be allowed to each grand juror and each trial juror for each day’s necessary attendance by him, as such a juror, at a term of any court of record of civil or criminal jurisdiction held within the city of New York; provided, however, that no such juror shall be so paid lor attendance on any day on which he shall be excused from service at his own request. (C. O., §§492, 564; amd. by ord. appd. March 26 and July 9, 1919.) §6. Letter=boxes. The post-office authorities and owners of property in the city are hereby given permission, subject to the approval of the borough president having jurisdiction, to attach temporarily small mail boxes, known as letter boxes, to any building or part thereof ; provided, however, the consent in writing of the owner of the property be given and filed with the borough president having jurisdiction, and further provided the work be done without cost to the city. Application for permission to attach any such letter box must be made in writing to the president of the borough having juris- diction, and in the form prescribed by him. (Ord. effective Apr. 28, 1914.) §7. Queens county; county clerk’s fees. The following prices and charges are hereby fixed for services rendered by the county clerk of Queens, in carrying out the provisions of the various laws which affect his office and for which no amount is fixed by statute : Examining all papers as required by Tax Law and reporting to the state comp- troller’s office : 5 cents for each instrument examined ; For indexing all names in index of deeds, mortgages, lis pendens, judgments, calendars, common rule, and marriage licenses : 2 cents for each name indexed ; For assorting, arranging, numbering, filing, etc., all judgments and special pro- ceedings: $1 for each judgment or decree; For docketing sheriff’s returns on executions: 6 cents for each return; For filing sheriff’s returns on executions : 6 cents each ; For preparing calendars for printer: 10 cents per folio; 500 MISCELLANEOUS. For recording calendars in calendar book: 12^4 cents per case; For notifying county judge, sheriff, commissioner of jurors, and newspapers as to drawing of jurors: 10 cents per folio; For making and preparing lists of jurors for county judge, sheriff, commissioners of jurors, and supreme court; 10 cents per folio; For preparing reports, making copies of judgments, entering judgments, fur- nishing transcripts and reporting to state commissioner of excise on all persons con- victed of violation of the Liquor Tax Law: $30 per month; For preparing report to the secretary of sta>te of all persons convicted of crimes ; $20 per month ; For entering, filing and notifying all papers filed, in clerk’s minutes for supreme and county courts : 6 cents for each paper filed ; For indexing all cases in clerk’s minutes ; 2 cents per name ; For attending and drawing jury: $2 each jury; Delivering jury box to court: $3 per day; Indexing all titles in map index : 2 cents per name or title ; For recopying and transcribing public maps, recoloring same, repairing missing parts: 6 cents per square inch for drawing, $1 per hour for recoloring. (Ord. effective May 5, 1914.) §8. Session laws; compensation for same in Queens and Richmond. The compensation for publication of the Session Laws in the counties of Queens and Richmond, respectively, is hereby fixed at the rate of 50 cents per folio. (Ord. effective Apr. 14, 1914.) §9. Inspection of meat. 1. Requirement. No carcasses or parts of the carcasses of cattle, calves, sheep, lambs, or swine, shall be offered for sale, sold, or given away in any public market in the city until they shall, respectively, have been inspected and passed, as fit for human food, by a duly authorized inspector of the United States government or a duly authorized inspector of the health department of the city, or, in the case of parts of a carcass, unless such part shall have been cut from a carcass or part of a carcass which had previously been inspected and passed as hereinbefore provided. 2. Marking of; certificate. Such inspector of the department of health, upon finding such carcass or part of a carcass, as the case may be, fit for human food, shall proceed to mark such carcass or part of a carcass by branding or stamping thereon a number and the words “Department of Health” and “Inspected and Passed,” together with the date of inspection and the name of the inspector, all set forth in conspicuous type in the following form : No Department of Health. Inspected and passed (Date) (Name of inspector) and such inspector shall also, upon branding or stamping such carcass or part of a carcass, deliver to the owner thereof or said owner’s representative a certificate, which shall be substantially in the following form : No Department of Health. (Brief description of carcass or part of carcass) (Place of inspection) (Name of dealer) 501 CHAP. 27, SECS. 9a, 10. Inspected and passed (Date) (Name of inspector) Such brand or stamp marks, as well as such certificates, shall be consecutively num- bered, and the number of the brand or stamp mark shall, in every instance, correspond with the number of the certificate. 3. Certificate; number of; filing of. Every such certificate shall be made in triplicate form, and the inspector shall deliver the original to the owner of the carcass or part of a carcass to which such certificate relates or said owner’s representative and file a copy thereof, respectively, in the department of health and in the office of the comptroller. 4. Certificate, fee for. For each carcass or part of a carcass, thus marked and for which a certificate shall have been issued as hereinbefore provided, the owner thereof shall pay to the city the sum of 5c., and all moneys shall be collected monthly by the comptroller. 5. Carcass or part of, when deemed fit as human food. For the purpose of this ordinance, no such carcass or part of a carcass shall be deemed to have been inspected and passed, as fit for human food, by an inspector of the department of health unless such carcass or part of a carcass shall have been branded or stamped, and a certificate shall have been issued, as hereinbefore provided. 6. Exceptions. The provisions of this ordinance shall not, however, apply to carcasses or parts of carcasses of cattle, calves, sheep, lambs, or swine killed in any slaughter house in the city, conducted under a permit issued by the board of health. 7. Violations. Any person who shall violate or neglect to comply with any pro- vision of this ordinance shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $100, or by imprisonment not exceeding 30 days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. (Added by ord. effective May 18, 1915.) §9a. Willful destruction of food prohibited; exception. No person, firm or corporation shall willfully waste or destroy, or cause, suffer or allow to be willfully wasted or destroyed, any wholesome food fit for human con- sumption. Provided, however, the provisions of this section shall not apply where the willful destruction and waste of such food is regulated or controlled by the provisions of the United States Food Control Laws, or the New York State Food Control Laws. Any person, firm or corporation who shall violate the provisions of this section shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of five dollars ($5), or be imprisoned for a period not exceeding one day, or may be both fined and imprisoned. This section shall take effect immediately and shall continue in force during the time the United States is at war and thereafter until the mayor shall declare that the emergency causing the enactment thereof no longer exists. (Added by ord. appd. April 13, 1918.) §10. Violations. Whenever in any chapter of this ordinance no specific punishment is provided for the violation of a provision thereof, the punishment, upon conviction for such violation, shall be a fine of not more than $10, or imprisonment for not exceeding 10 days, or both such fine and imprisonment. (C. O., Part XVI.) 502 CHAPTER 28. REPEAL. Section 1. Existing ordinances repealed. 2. Saving clause. §1. Existing ordinances repealed. All other general ordinances or parts of general ordinances of the city, in force on the date when this ordinance shall take effect, are hereby repealed. (New.) §2. Saving clause. No right or remedy of any character shall be lost, impaired or affected by reason of this ordinance, nor shall it affect or impair any act done or right accruing, accrued or acquired, nor any penalty, forfeiture or punishment incurred prior to the time when the same shall take effect, or by virtue of any ordinance, or part thereof, repealed or modified by this ordinance, but the same may be asserted, enforced, prosecuted or inflicted, as fully and to the same extent, as if such senior ordinance, or part thereof, had not been repealed or modified. (Adapted from charter, §1614.) Section 2. This ordinance shall take effect immediately. 503 ' INDEX AND TABLE OF DISPOSITION OF GENERAL ORDINANCES REPEALED INDEX A. Sec. Chap. Page Abatement of nuisance 185 20 403 Abusive, insulting or threatening language, prohibited in parks 17 17 349 Abutting owners’ responsibilities: sidewalks, construction and repair 181 23 463 snow and ice, removal of 21 22 435 street cleaning 10 22 433 Acetanilid, label statement 116 20 382 Acetylene gas : compression, storage or sale : permit required 212 10 277 fee 43 10 241 requirements 212 10 277 restrictions 212 10 277 containers 212 10 277 generators 212 10 277 storage tanks 212 10 277 Acid fumes, safeguards against 210c 9 175 426i, j 9 185 Accidents : contractors’ agreement to indemnify city against 70 2 19 emergency treatment of victims of 1 13 300 Accumulations of bones or other offensive material 241 20 412 Acting head of department, bureau or office, designation 7 1 13 Actions by or against the city : corporation counsel to keep register of 220 2 25 building code cases : for penalties 654 5 147 unsafe buildings 634-637 5 141 violations generally 652 5 144 unlicensed theatres 5 3 31 Adjoining buildings: chimneys, to be extended on 392 5 111 excavations, protection of 230 5 81 protection of roofs and skylights 193 5 78 protection against the weather 197 5 78 Adulterated food ( See Food.) Advertisements : false and misleading, prohibited 1 27 499 in parks 13 17 349 posting on public property 10 23 440 protection of public 11 23 440 Advertising vehicles, general provisions relating to 30 24 482 Agents (food establishments), responsibility of 147 20 393 Agents of buildings, service of orders or notices 653 5 146 507 INDEX. Aisles and passageways ; obstruction of : Sec. Chap. Page buildings of a public character, churches, hotels 491 5 122 motion picture shows. . : 3 36 public halls, railroad depots, restaurants, schools 490 5 122 theatres 3 32 491 5 122 Alcohol : denatured, sale and distribution 131 20 387 distillation, spirits 332 20 423 distillation, rectification and storage: permit 250 10 284 fee ( See Liquors, etc.) 43 10 240 restrictions 251 • 10 284 storage limited 252 10 285 in drugs, label statement 116 20 382 indicated, sale and distribution 130 20 387 poisoning by wood 92 20 379 106 20 381 sale of wood 124 20 385 Alcove rooms, construction 130 5 67 Alcoves, construction of.... 261 5 90 Alderman, defined 1 1 9 Aldermen, board of, flag of 4 a 1 12 Alley, included within the term “street” 1 1 9 Alloys, treating and refining 332 20 426 Alteration of buildings ( See Buildings and Structures.) defined 2 5 45 certificate of occupancy 3 5 46 Amboy road, Richmond; restrictions as to auto trucks 30 a 24 482 Ambulances : right of way 15 24 478 speed exemption 17 24 479 American flag, displav of, on all city buildings 3 1 12 Ammunition: ( See also Explosives.) defined 1 10 232 manufacturing or loading, requirements 80 10 253 storage and sale, requirements and restrictions 81 10 253 theatrical use of 81 10 253 window displays of 81 10 253 Amusement devices : are common shows 60 3 40 defined 560 5 134 accidents affecting, reports of 568 5 136 certificate of approval 563 5 135 construction, rules 561 5 135 479 5 121 inspection * 565 5 135 installation or alteration, permit 562 5 134 license required 60 3 40 maintenance, rules 561 5 134 operation, rules 561 5 134 operators of, qualifications 567 5 136 508 INDEX. Amusements and exhibitions: ( See Motion Pictures; Theatres.) baseball games on Sunday charitable, masonic or religious charity entertainments, regulation of construction of places: generally motion-picture theatres open air motion pictures theatres licenses required fees commutation of fees unlicensed, may be enjoined places of : admission tickets and charge therefor exit requirements fire prevention obstruction of aisles and passageways sale of liquor Sunday observance ticket speculators tickets, sale of, by ticket offices violations waiters in Analysis by health department, as evidence Analyst, testimony of official Animal matter, heating, drying or storing Animals : abandoned, disposition of • bedding of, drying care of : food and water keeping transportation cattle, care of condemnation and destruction of cows : care of tuberculin test of dead : burying disposition of dock for removal of .. . filling in land with horses, to be tagged placing in street or public waters removal of Sec. Chap. Page 10 a 3 34 6 3 31 6 a 3 32 71-73 5 58 500-504 5 123 506 5 125 520-538 5 126 1 3 30 2 3 30 3 3 30 5 3 31 3 a 3 31 7 3 32 8 3 33 9 3 33 11 3 34 10 3 34 12 3 ^ 35 11a 3 35 13 3 35 11 3 34 188 20 403 188 20 403 324 20 422 5-6 20 366 242 20 412 14 20 368 19 20 368 15 20 368 , 14 20 368 137 20 389 14 20 368 13 20 368 8 20 367 6 20 366 246 20 413 252 20 415 9 20 367 8 20 367 243 20 412 245 20 413 323 20 422 245 20 413 7 20 366 skinning transportation, by boat unauthorized interference with 509 INDEX. Animals — Continued: destruction of : abandoned diseased or injured rabid or vicious diseased animals : beyond recovery, disposition contagiously destruction of disposition of reports concerning unauthorized interference with dogs : muzzling rabid , vicious driving in streets dying of disease or accident, as food.... exposed to contagious diseases homeless, sheltering injured : destruction of disposition of interference with placing in streets or public waters . . removal of reports concerning unauthorized interference with keeping, generally cows killing killing disabled or sick noises by, prohibited park, protection of rabid : disposition of reports concerning sale of small sheep, keeping or yarding shelter for homeless sick : contagiously disposition of destruction of keeping removal of unauthorized interference with veterinarians to report contagiously sidewalks not to be obstructed by skinning, restricted slaughtering, cooling and dressing small, traffic in traffic regulations concerning transportation in vehicles Sec. Chap. Page 5 20 366 5 20 366 10 20 367 5-6 20 366 2-3 20 366 5 20 366 243 20 412 6 20 366 7 20 366 17 20 368 10 20 367 10 20 367 32 24 483 163 20 397 4 20 366 16 20 368 5 20 367 6 20 367 7 20 367 8 20 368 6 20 367 6 20 367 7 20 367 19 20 366 12 20 367 162 20 396 7 20 366 215 20 407 15 17 349 10 20 367 10 ’ 20 367 18 20 368 11 20 367 16 20 368 3-4' 20 366 8 20 367 5 20 366 11 20 367 6 20 366 7 20 366 2 20 366 312 20 420 323 20 422 161-162 20 396 18 20 368 32 24 483 15 20 368 510 INDEX. Animals — Continued : Sec. Chap. Page unfit for food 163 20 397 ventilation for 14 20 367 vicious, disposition of 10 20 367 yarding 11 20 367 Anthrax, reports of cases of 86 20 378 Antitoxin : distribution of 121 20 385 labeling 116 20 382 Apartment house: construction: ( See Building Code.) classified 70 5 58 generally 71-73 5 58 electric wiring and appliances: ( See Electrical Code.; fire alarm connection 20 12 301 fire extinguishing appliances 20 12 301 Apartments : nuisances in 183 20 402 occupation of unsanitary 54 20 374 theatre building restriction. 536 5 133 Appliances (building construction) : approval, procedure 8 5 49 approved, defined j 2 5 45 Appliances (electrical) : defined 1 9 166 installation prescribed: ( See Electrical Code.) Appropriations : borough presidents, contingencies and incumbrances.... 201-202 2 24 Approved (building construction or materials) : defined 2 5 45 Arches, construction of masonry 251 5 83 Arc lamps : ( See Electrical Code.) Areas existing, continuing 173 5 76 general restrictions 170 5 74 grating-cover, required 170 5 74 special restrictions 160 23 461 on park or park streets 60 17 354 railings required for open 161 23 461 removal of, unauthorized 168 23 462 violations 170 23 462 Areaways, safeguarding 161 23 461 Armored cables : {See Electrical Code.) . Armories : {See Places of Public Assembly.) Arsenic, poisoning by; report required 92 20 379 Art gallery, above theatre 536 5 133 Artificial mineral waters, sale regulated 165 20 397 Artillery, firing of 4 H 297 Ashes : defined 1 20 362 collection and removal : private 250 20 415 public 248 20 413 511 INDEX. Ashes — Continued — Sec. Chap. Page depositing in streets 22 367 filling in land with 252 20 415 fire prevention restriction 12 304 garbage not to be mixed with 248 20 413 interference with deposits of 11 22 432 privy vaults, sinks and cess-pools not to contain.... 237 20 411 receptacles required for 248 20 413 removal of : by city 248 20 413 bv owner 250 20 415 sifting or other agitation of 253 20 415 streets not to be choked with 248 20 H13 transportation of 240 20 412 Ashlar construction : walls 255 5 87 working stress 51 5 53 Ash receptacles : contents, restricted to 248 20 413 disposition of emptied 248 20 413 keeping, piace 248 20 413 size of 248 20 413 unauthorized interference with 249 20 415 Asiatic cholera: ( See Infectious Diseases.) cases to be reported 86 20 378 funerals of victims of 103 20 381 undertakers’ duties concerning 102 20 381 Assemblies in streets : American flag to be displayed at 24 23 429 display of red or black flag forbidden 24 23 429 disorderly 23 23 428 public worship 20 23 428 Assembly halls : classification 70 5 58 construction : generally . . . . 71-73 5 58 details: ( See Specific Subject.) fire prevention requirements: ( See Places of Amuse- ment.) Assessment bonds : accounts of 2 2 14 application of moneys collected to pay 2 2 14 Association, included in term “person” 1 1 9 Asylums : classified 70 5 58 construction : generally • 71-73 5 58 details: ( See Specific Subjects, Building Code.) exits 152 5 89 fire prevention requirements: alarm connection with fire department 20 12 301 fire-alarm system (interior) 21 12 301 fire-escapes 162 5 74 512 INDEX Asylums — Continued : fire prevention requirements — Continued: fire-extinguishing appliances means of egress, posting diagrams watchmen sanitation : ( See Institutions.) Auctioneers, persons acting as Auctions : in streets, prohibited use of bells or musical instruments in aid of removal of goods from Automatic (fire-door or other opening protective), defined.. Automatic fire-door defined Automatic sprinklers : a “means of preventing or extinguishing fires” allowance for, in factory buildings exterior openings in buildings rules as to requirement of theatre buildings Automobiles: ( See Motor Vehicles.) Autopsy, report concerning medical examiners to report findings of Auto-starters : ( See Electrical Code.) Avenue, included within the term “street” Awnings : permanent, construction restrictions drop awnings temporary awnings .• violations of provisions relating to B. B. & S. gauge (wire) defined Bakeries : defined sanitary requirements water charges Balance sets (electrical) Balconies : construction of wooden encroaching upon streets: park streets Balustrades (in streets) : restricted merchandise not to be exposed upon punishment for violations relating to removal of unauthorized restrictions Ball game, a common show Baptist church, public performance of rites of : authorized interference with, prohibited Sec. Chap. Page 20 12 301 21 12 301 21 12 301 la 27 438 30 23 441 30 23 441 30 23 441 370 5 105 370 5 105 20 12 301 72 5 59 375 5 108 580 5 136 524 5 127 32 20 370 80 20 377 1 1 9 170 5 74 170 5 74 42 23" 442 42 23 442 650 5 143 654, 655 5 147 44 23 442 1 9 166 1 20 362 142-150 20 391 21 25 469 201 d 9 170 476 5 120 60 17 354 170 5 74 162 23 461 170 23 462 168 23 462 170 5 74 60 3 41 20 23 440 21 23 440 513 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Barber poles, construction and maintenance of 145 2 3 454 Barber shops : conduct of 335 20 424 water charges 21 25 487 Barbers’ supplies, fee for permit to manufacture 43 10 240 Barns; fire prevention requirements 28 12 304 Barren Island, transportation of garbage to 238 20 411 Base courses, restricted 170 5 74 Base frames for generators or motors : ( See Electrical Code.) Baseball games on Sunday 10 a 3 34 Basement : ladders from boiler-room 152 5 69 Basins (marine) : included in “water front property” 119 private, disposition of fees for use of 4 2 15 Bath houses : classified 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 details: ( See Specific Subject.) Bathing beaches, bottles, crockery, glass, not to be cast upon. 3 a 27 500 Bathing establishments : life lines for ocean 341 20 425 maintenance, permit 340 20 425 posting notices as to bottles, crockery and broken glass. 3 a 2 7 500 Bathing establishments and bathhouse keepers : definitions 190 14 333 inspection 193 14 334 license required : fee, term, bond 191 14 333 schedule of charges : filing and posting 192 14 334 suspension, revocation 194 14 334 violations, penalties 195 14 334 Bathing in public waters 3 27 499 Bathing suits, hiring out 340 20 425 Bathrooms : sleeping in, prohibited 62 20 375 ventilation of 133 5 68 Baths : public, floating; location 11 8 154 berths for 11 8 154 rules and regulations 3 27 499 private charges for water supply 21 25 487 Batteries, storage or primary 210 9 175 Battery rooms, construction 210 b 9 175 Bay, oriel or show windows : construction : generally 446 5 119 on frame buildings 480 5 121 514 INDEX. Bay, oriel or show windows — Continued: Sec. Chap. Page restrictions : park streets 60 17 354 unauthorized, removal 168 23 462 violations, punishment 170 23 462 Bay parkway, traffic regulations 39 17 352 Beaches, protection against broken glass or crockery 3 a 27 400 Beams : fire protection of wooden 280 5 91 iron and steel construction 303 5 94 wooden 280 5 91 Beanshooters, sale or use 251 23 473 Bearing capacity 53 5 56 floors 55 5 57 soil 231 5 82 Bearing walls : defined 250 5 85 construction 251 5 85 protection against excavations 230 5 81 thickness 257 5 88 Begging in parks 17 17 349 Bells, gongs, etc., noises from 228 20 409 Bell-wires (electrical) 685 9 228 Belt courses, restricted 170 5 74 Beverages : adulteration of 139 20 390 deleterious, poisonous or unwholesome substances in.... 14i 20 391 mineral waters 165 20 397 utensils for manufacturing or dispensing / 145 20 392 Bichloride of mercury, traffic in 125 20 386 Bicycles : restrictions concerning use 31 24 482 park regulations as to 41 17 349 Billiard and pool stables: licenses required for public 1 14 307 fees for 21 14 310 minors not allowed to use public 20 14 309 Bill-posting, park restriction 13 17 348 Birds : dead, sick or injured, not to be cast into streets or public: waters 8 20 367 noises by, prohibited 251 20 407 protection of park 15 17 348 Births : false certificate, statement or report of 36 20 371 masters of vessels to report 357 20 427 midwives : must keep register of 31 20 369 required to report 31 20 369 parents of children to report 31 20 369 physicians : must keep register of 31 20 369 required to report x 31 20 369 515 INDEX. Births — Continued: register of : midwives and physicians to keep cranscript of birth registry Bi-sulphide of carbon poisoning; reports of Black powder : (See Black Powder, Blasting Powder and Smokeless Powder), defined Black powder, blasting powder and smokeless powder : ( See also Explosives.) fees for permits relating to transportation, storage and sale, general use, blasting Blasting caps : defined permits to transfer, store and sell : required fee packing marking storage : generally magazines transportation Blasting powder: ( See Black Powder, Blasting Powder and Smokeless Powder), defined Blasting regulations Blau gas: ( See Gases Under Pressure.) Blow-pipes, use restricted Board : ( See Departments, Bureaus, Boards and Commis- sions.) meaning meetings office hours reports and publication of, copies for Municipal Refer- ence Library Board of Aldermen : city surveyors, appointed by decorations on City Hall projections beyond building line Board of Commissioners of the Sinking Fund : quorum of — record of proceedings jurisdiction, city debt jurisdiction, city real estate Board of Estimate: ( See Department, Bureaus, Boards and Commissions.) abbreviation of board of estimate and apportionment.. projections beyond building line j Boarding house: defined fire-alarm equipment fire-escapes fire-extinguishing appliances i Sec. Chap. Page 31 20 369 33 20 370 92 20 379 1 10 235 43 10 240 68 10 250 69 10 251 1 10 233 67 10 249 43 10 240 67 10 250 67 10 250 67 10 249 67 10 250 67 10 250 1 10 233 69 10 251 213 10 278 1 1 9 9 1 13 8 1 13 10 1 13 241 2 26 5 1 12 -174 5 76 3 2 ' 14 9 2 17 1-9 2 14 -105 2 21 1 1 9 -174 5 76 1 20 362 >,21 12 301 162 5 74 20 12 301 516 INDEX. Boarding House — Continued : Sec. Chap. Page occupancy, overcrowding 56 20 375 protection of lights of. 23 12 302 sailor-boarders, reports concerning 362 20 429 theatre building restriction 536 5 133 Boardwalks, permit required to lay i 183 23 464 Boat; a "vessel” 1 1 9 Boating in park waters i 14 17 348 Boiler inspection, small vessels 1 18 358 Boiler-rooms : manholes, ladders from 152 5 70 Boilers : classified ; 390 5 110 installation, or alteration, notice required 390 5 110 Boilers of heating plants, construction and setting 404 5 115 Bolting : iron or steel construction 307 5 95 wood construction - 282 5 92 Bonds of city officers : acting officers 7 1 13 enumerated j 270 2 28 Bonds of contractors with city 72 2 20 Bonds (Explosives and Hazardous Trades) : defined 1 10 233 enumerated (schedule) 41 10 239 conditions 40 10 239 Bonds and mortgages due city: application of interest 5 2 15 assignment 7 2 16 release 7 2 16 sales of, application of proceeds 4 2 15 Bonds and stock of city : included in “city debt and city stock” 1 2 14 provisions relating to 1-9 2 14 Bones : boiling, burning or grinding 323, 324 20 422 collecting and transporting 241 20 412 Booths : election ; construction 478 5 121 moving picture machines 504 5 125 under elevated stairways 149 23 455 within stoop lines 149 23 455 Borden avenue bridge (Queens), location.. 1 4 43 Borough of Brooklyn : fire limits : general 90 5 60 suburban 91 5 64 street encroachments, special restrictions 160 23 461 Borough of The Bronx : fire limits : suburban j 90 5 60 general 91 5 64 street encroachments, special restrictions 160 23 461 517 INDEX. Borough of Manhattan: corporation yards fire limits Borough of Queens : fire limits street cleaning Borough of Richmond : street cleaning street pavement restoration Borough presidents : jurisdiction : accidents, safeguards against areaways assessment work : inspection awnings a barber poles .1 boundaries and monuments .1 bridges over sidewalks, building construction building materials in streets carriageways over sidewalks construction and repair of streets contracts for boroughs : generally inspections corporation yards disturbance of street surface drains across sidewalks excavations in streets floating baths : location regulation hoistways in streets “ hospital street” signs house moving house numbering landmarks letter boxes on private property lights on obstructions obstructions and incumbrances ornamental lamp-posts permits posts and poles projections and encroachments .v public improvements, contracts public wells railing off obstructions removal of obstructions sewers and drains “school street” signs Sec. Chap. Page. 151 23 458 90 5 60 90 5 63 1 22 433 11 22 434 1 22 433 11 22 434 96 23 448 3 23 438 161 23 461 170 5 74 75 2 21 42-44 23 442 145 23 454 50-52 23 442 141 23 453 142 23 453 184 23 464 60-65 23 443 60-79 2 17 75 2 21 151 23 458 80-82 23 445 182 23 464 90-98 23 446 11 8 154 3 27 499 148 23 455 131 23 451 144 23 454 110-112 23 449 50-52 23 442 6 27 500 3 23 438 140-152 23 453 145 23 454 203 2 24 145 23 454 160-170 23 461 61 2 17 7 25 487 3 23 438 151 23 458 1-24 21 430 132 23 451 518 INDEX. Borough presidents — Continued: jurisdiction — Continued: show-cases on sidewalks sidewalks signs and show bills (supt. of bldgs.) snow and ice removal stairways on streets storm doors street cleaning j streets temporary closing streets unsafe conditions in streets . vaults and cisterns wells in streets requirements : appropriations, contingencies and incumbrances payment of bills receipts, disposition reports Bottles (See Glass and Glassware.) Bottling works, charges for water Boulevard, included within “street” Boundaries and monuments, protection of Bowling alleys : license, required ,i fee minors not to use public > Boxes, switch and outlet Boxing, wire Breaches of peace, in parks Bread, baking and sale Breweries (See Factories.) ventilation Brick : bond (laying) compression table hollow, as furring specifications, quality wetting Brick arch construction Brick buildings : (See Buildings and Structures.) Brick masonry construction : bond, walls compression table foundation walls generally safe loads weight per cubic foot working stress Bridges : enumeration speed of vehicles, on approaching Sec. Chap. Page 147 23 455 180-189 23 463 210-223 23 466 20-24 22 435 170 5 74 150 23 458 1-24 22 433 1-261 23 438 1 23 438 2 23 438 240-244 23 470 7 25 487 201 2 24 200 2 24 * 202 2 24 204 2 24 21 25 487 1 1 9 50-52 23 447 1 14 307 31 14 310 30 14 309 424 d 9 183 424 d 9 183 17 17 349 30 26 495 131 5 67 252 5 86 51 5 53 262 5 90 23 5 51 251 5 85 251 5 85 252 5 86 51 5 54 236 5 84 252 5 86 53 5 56 21 5 50 51 5 53 1 4 42 2 4 43 17 24 479 519 INDEX. Brine: ( See Offensive Materials, etc.) Sec. Chap. Page Brooklyn bridge, location 1 4 42 Brooklyn-Queens speedway; traffic regulations 39 17 352 Builders’ shanties, construction .1 477 5 122 Building, defined (electrical control) Building Code: 1 9 166 application, scope, short title 1 5 44 definitions 2 5 45 effect, remedial enforcement : 1 5 44 agents may be designated to receive notices 653 5 146 corporation counsel to co-operate 652 5 144 courts having jurisdiction 652 5 144 employees, immunity from liability for 4 652 5 144 emergency measures 651 5 144 injunction 652 5 144 notice of violations occupants of buildings, duty respecting notices of 650 5 143 orders 653 5 146 penalties, collection j 654 5 147 police co-operation .1 651 5 144 recourse to courts 652 5 144 restraining order 652 5 144 stopping work 651 5 144 superintendent of buildings may do necessary work. 651 5 144 unsafe building proceedings vacating buildings : 633-637 5 140 for violations 653 5 146 when unsafe 638 5 142 violation, misdemeanor subjects : 655 5 148 above roof constructions adjoining property, protection of during construc- 420-426 5 116 tions or alterations 193 5 78 230 5 81 alcoves .1 alteration of buildings: 261 5 90 defined 1 2 5 45 exits, effect of 160 5 73 generally .1 1 5 44 frame .1 480 5 121 non-fireproof 73 5 60 outside fire limits apartment houses : 480 5 121 classification construction : 70 5 58 generally details ( See Specific Subject.) specially : 71-73 5 58 means of egress 150-162 5 69 stairways 153 5 70 520 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Building Code — Continued: subj ects — Continued: arches and lintels 251 5 85 areaways 170 5 74 armories : classification 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 details: ( See Specific Subject.) ashlar construction : walls 255 5 87 working stress .1 51 5 53 assembly halls : classification 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 details: ( See Specific Subject.) asylums : classification 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 details: ( See Specific Subject.) balconies, frame 476 5 120 bath houses: classification 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 details: ( See Specific Subject.) bay windows : generally 446 5 119 on frame buildings 480 5 121 beams : concrete, reinforced 335 5 97 iron or steel construction 303 5 94 wood construction : 280 5 91 bearing capacity of soils and rocks 231 5 82 bearing walls : defined 250 5 85 construction 251 5 85 thickness .1 257 5 88 belt courses, restricted 170 5 74 bolting : iron or steel construction 307 5 95 wood construction 282 5 92 bracing during construction j 251 5 85 brick : specification 23 5 51 laying 252 5 86 wetting down . . 251 5 85 521 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page ilding Code — Continued: subjects — Continued: brick masonry : generally 252 5 86 foundation walls 236 5 84 weight 21 5 50 working stress 51 5 53 building materials : compression, table 51 5 53 factors of safety 50 5 53 quality 20 5 50 safe carrying capacity 52, 53 5 55 shear 51 5 53 specifications for : brick 5 51 cement 5 51 concrete 5 51 hollow building blocks 29 5 52 iron and steel 5 52 lime 5 51 mortar 27 5 51 rivets 306 5 95 sand 24 5 51 timber 5 53 strength : columns and compression members 52 5 55 computations 50 5 53 tension, table 51 5 53 tests 22 5 50 weights 21 5 50 working stresses 51, 52 5 53 buildings of a public character : defined 490 5 122 classified 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 details: (See Specific Subjects.) specially : aisles and passageways 491 5 122 public safety . . . . j 490 5 122 building stone: weights 21 5 50 working stresses i 51 5 53 bulkhead, roof 426 5 117 bureau of buildings : employees, right of entry 10 5 50 jurisdiction : generally 3 5 46 details: (5V? Specific Subjects.) 522 INDEX. Building Code — Continued: sub j ects — C ontinued : business buildings : Sec. Chap. Page defined construction : 5 58 generally details: ( See Specific Subjects.) car barns : 71-73 5 58 classification construction : 70 5 58 generally details: ( See Specific Subjects.) 71-73 5 58 ceilings of cellars, residence buildings cellars : 440 5 118 ceilings 440 5 118 drainage 198 5 78 floors 441 5 119 partitions 442 5 119 cement, specification 26 5 51 cement mortar, specification 27 5 51 chases in walls chimneys : construction : 261 5 90 generally 390-392 5 110 fireproofing 392 5 111 maintenance churches : 392 5 111 classification construction : 70 5 58 generally details: ( See Specific Subjects.) i 71-73 5 58 clay, bearing capacity club houses : .i 231 5 82 classification construction : j 70 5 58 generally details: ( See Specific Subjects.) coal pockets: .i 71-73 5 58 classification construction : 70 5 58 generally < 71-73 details: ( See Specific Subject, Building Code.) colleges : 5 58 classification construction : 4 70 5 58 generally 71-73 details: (See Specific Subject, Building Code.) column bases : 5 58 iron or steel construction 302 5 93 wood construction J 281 5 91 523 INDEX. Building Code — Continued: subjects — Continued: columns and compression members : classification : Sec. Chap. Page cast iron 300 5 92 concrete, reinforced 337 5 98 steel 301 5 93 wood connecting and framing : 281 5 91 generally 304 5 94 bolting 307 5 95 riveting 306 5 95 unsupported lengths 52 5 55 fireproofing 311 5 96 loads 53 5 56 painting j specifications : 310 5 95 quality 30 5 52 working stresses concrete : specification : 51 5 53 generally 28 5 51 reinforced construction 332 5 97 weight 21 5 50 working stress concrete construction: 51 5 53 compression and fiber stress 51 5 53 concrete specification 28 5 51 floor arches 354 5 101 foundations 234 5 83 hollow building block reinforced: (See Reinforced Concrete Con- struction.) 29 5 52 safe load 51 5 53 v weight 21 r 50 working stress convents : 51 5 53 classification construction : 70 5 58 generally details: (See Specific Subjects.) 71-73 5 58 cornices 422 5 116 corrosion, protection of metal work against court houses : 310 5 95 classification construction : 70 5 58 generally details: (See Specific Subject.) 71-73 5 58 courts, layout of 135 5 68 curtain walls 257 5 88 524 INDEX. Building Code — Continued : subj ects — Continued : dance halls : Sec. Chap. Page classification construction : 70 5 58 generally details: ( See Specific Subject.) dangerous buildings : 71-73 5 58 closing abutting streets 638 5 142 emergency fund to secure 639 5 143 safeguarding temporarily 638 5 142 vacating demolishing buildings : 638 5 142 generally 1 5 45 notice must precede 3 5 46 safeguarding wo'rk depots, passenger or freight: 200 5 79 classification construction : 70 5 58 generally details: ( See Specific Subjects.) diagrams showing location of proposed buildings: . 71-73 5 58 required 3 5 46 must be adhered to doors : 4 5 47 arches and lintels of 251 5 85 fireproof buildings 356 5 104 fireproof, when required dormitories : 375 5 108 classification construction : 70 5 58 generally details: ( See Specific Subjects.) 71-73 5 58 drying rooms 398 5 114 dumb waiter shafts dwellings : defined : 373 5 106 classification construction : 70 5 58 generally details: ( See Specific Subjects.) elevator shafts : • 71-73 5 58 enclosure 373 5 106 gates and trapdoors 374 5 108 elevators • 560-568 5 134 enforcement enlarging buildings : • 650-655 5 143 fire limit restrictions 92 5 66 fireproof construction required excavations for new buildings : 73 5 60 protection of adjoining property 4 230 5 81 safeguarding generally 230 5 81 525 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Building Code— Continued: subj ects — Continued : exhibition buildings : classification 70 5 58 construction 71-73 5 58 exit facilities : generally 150-162 5 69 buildings of a public character 490 5 122 motion picture theatres 503 5 124 theatres 527 5 128 exterior stairways 154 5 72 factories : classification 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 details: ( See Specific Subjects.) factors of safety 50 5 53 fences : generally 477 j 120 partition 210 5 79 fire-escapes 162 5 74 fire-extinguishing appliances 580. 581 5 136 fire houses : classification 70 5 58 construction : generally j 71-73 5 58 details: ( See Specific Subjects.) fire limits : Bronx 90 5 61 Brooklyn 90 5 62 Manhattan 90 5 60 Queens 90 5 63 suburban 91 5 64 fire places 393 5 112 fire prevention ; fire stops : iron or steel construction 311 5 96 wood construction 284 5 92 fireproof construction: approvals : existing, continued 358 5 104 new materials and forms of construction... 358 5 104 buildings now under construction, exempt 358 5 104 exterior walls and piers 350 5 99 fireproofing materials 351 5 99 floor openings 354 5 101 interior finish 356 5 104 iron and steel members; construction and fire- proofing 351 5 99 masonry work 352 5 101 materials now fabricated, use OC to co 5 104 partitions 355 5 103 526 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Building Code — Continued: sub j ects — C ontinued: fireproof construction — Continued : reinforced concrete construction... 5 101 roofs 354 5 101 windows, exterior 357 5 104 fireproof shutters and doors 375 5 108 fire stops, frame buildings 284 5 92 fire towers 155 5 72 floor lights 444 5 119 floor loads : generally 53 5 56 stores, factories, warehouses 55 5 57 floor openings, safeguarding 195 5 78 floors : brick arch 354 5 101 cellar 441 5 118 concrete arch 354 5 101 concrete fillers 336 5 98 construction safeguards .... 195, 196 5 78 fireproof 354 5 101 hollow tile 354 5 101 loads : generally 53 5 56 factories, warehouses 55 5 57 safeguards during construction .... 195.196 5 78 tile or slab 354 5 101 flues 5 111 footings, pressure under 233 5 82 foundations : generally 5 82 excavations for 230 5 81 footings 233 5 82 piers and caissons 234 5 &3 pile 235 5 83 protection of metal work in 232 5 82 retaining walls 237 5 85 soil and rock bearing capacities 231 5 82 foundation walls 236 5 84 foundry cupolas 395 5 113 frame buildings : defined 71 5 58 alterations 480 5 121 area 471 J) 119 filling in walls 473 5 120 generally 472 5 119 fire limit restriction's . . . . 90, 91 5 60 height 470 5 119 masonry walls 481 5 122 minor structures 477 5 120 miscellaneous 479 5 121 527 INDEX. Building Code — Continued: Sec. Chap. Page subj ects — Continued : frame buildings — Continued: moving 94 5 66 permitted to be added to frame row 96 5 66 piazzas 476 5 120 repair of damaged 93 5 66 roofing 474 5 120 suburban fire limits 91 5 64 temporary 478 5 121 towers 475 5 120 within fire limits 96 5 66 framing or connecting, iron or steel construction.. 304 5 94 freezing of masonry 251 5 85 furring in walls 262 5 90 garages : defined 2 5 46 classification construction : 70 5 58 generally 71-73 5 58 details : ( See Garages.) gas appliances . 600-603 5 137 girders : iron or steel 303 5 94 wood 280 5 91 grain elevators: classification 70 5 58 construction . 71-73 5 58 gravel, bearing capacity 231 5 82 grillage beams 233 5 83 gutters, roof 422 5 116 hallways 157 5 73 hard pan, bearing capacity 231 5 82 heating appliances . 390-404 5 110 height : defined 2 5 46 raising or lowering to grade 623 5 139 height of wall, defined 250 5 85 hoistways, protection of 374 5 108 hollow brick masonry 254 5 87 hollow brick, wall lining 262 5 90 hollow building blocks : classes and specifications 29 5 52 fireproof construction 351 5 99 masonry construction 254 5 87 partitions 355 5 103 hollow walls 260 5 90 horizontal exits 156 5 72 hospitals : classification 70 5 58 generally . 71-73 5 58 details: ( See Specific Subjects.) 528 INDEX. Building Code — Continued: subj ects — Continued : Sec. Chap. Page hot air heating 400-402 5 114 hot water heating. . . 404 5 115 hot water pipes hotels : 404 5 115 classification construction : 70 5 58 generally . . . . details: {See Code.) Specific Subj ects, Building 71-73 5 58 inclosure walls iron and steel construction : 257 5 88 interior stairways . . . 153 5 70 beams 303 5 94 bolting 307 5 95 column bases 302 5 93 cast iron . . . 300 5 92 steel 301 5 93 connecting 304 5 94 corrosion, safeguard 310 5 95 fireproofing 311 5 96 framing 304 5 94 girders 303 5 94 lintels 303 5 94 materials, specifications . . . 30 5 52 metal fronts 312 5 96 old material, use in 313 5 96 riveting 306 5 95 templates t 309 5 95 tie rods 308 5 95 trusses 305 5 94 working stresses jails : 51,52 5 53 classification construction : 70 5 58 generally . . . . details : {See Code.) laboratories : Specific Subjects. Building 71-73 5 58 classification construction : 70 5 58 generally details : {See Code.) Specific Subj ects, Building 71-73 5 58 leaders, roof lecture halls : 423 5 116 classification construction : 70 5 58 generally details: {See Specific Subjects, Building 71-73 5 58 Code.) 529 INDEX . Building Code — Continued: Sec. Chap. Page sub j ect s — C ontinued : libraries : classification 70 5 58 construction : generally details: ( See Specific Subjects, Building 5 58 Code.) light, natural 130-134 5 67 light and ventilation 130-137 5 67 light shafts 5 106 lime, specification 25 5 51 lime mortar specification 27 5 51 lining walls 258 5 89 lintels : iron and steel 303 5 94 masonry 251 5 85 loads, specification of 53 5 56 lodge rooms : classification 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 details: ( See Specific Subjects.) lodging houses : classification 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 details: ( See Specific Subjects.) lots (building) defined 212 5 80 regulation of 212 5 80 mansard roofs 427 5 118 markets : classification 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 details: ( See Specific Subjects.) masonry construction : foundation walls 236 5 84 generally 250-263 5 85 loads 53 5 56 weights 21 5 50 working stress 51 5 53 materials : “ approved,” defined 2 5 45 approval of, procedure 8 5 49 specifications of 20-31 5 50 masonry construction 251 5 85 use of old 313 5 96 use of streets for storing 142 23 441 weights 21 5 50 working stresses 51,52 5 53 530 INDEX. Building Code — Continued: Sec. Chap. Page subj ects — Continued : metal fronts, buildings 312 5 96 methods of construction : “ approved,” defined 2 5 45 approval, procedure 8 5 49 modifications, procedure 6 5 49 motion picture theatres 500-506 5 123 museums : classification 70 5 58 construction : generally details : ( See Specific Subjects, Building 71-73 5 58 Code.) non-bearing walls 257 5 88 non-fireproof buildings : defined 71 5 58 alterations 73 5 60 new constructions 73 5 60 special fire protection 73 5 60 observation towers 479 5 121 occupancy : determines classification of building... 70 5 58 classification of 70 5 58 certificates of 5 5 48 office buildings : classification 70 5 58 construction : generally details: ( See Specific Subjects, Building 71-73 5 58 Code.) on same plot 136 5 68 one-story brick buildings, walls. 257 5 88 one-story special buildings 74 5 60 outhouses, frame 477 5 120 overloading : generally 55 5 57 during construction 199 5 78 parapet walls 259 5 90 partition fences and walls 210-215 5 79 partitions : fireproof 372 5 106 stud 283 5 92 theatres 528 5 131 party walls, support during construction... 230 5 81 permits : apolication for 3 5 46 approval of 4 5 47 amendments 3 5 47 filing 3 5 47 good for one year 4 5 47 revocation 4 5 48 when required 3 5 46 531 INDEX. Building Code — Continued: subj ects — Continued : Sec. Chap. Page piazzas, frame 5 120 piers (structural) 251 5 85 pile foundations 5 83 pipe chases in walls 261 5 90 piping 600-603 5 137 places of amusement 520-538 5 126 plans and specifications 5 46 platforms, frame 478 5 121 plumbing police stations : 600-604 5 137 classification construction : 70 5 58 generally 71-73 5 58 rooms in details: ( See Specific Subjects.) 132 5 67 projections beyond building line public buildings : 170-174 5 74 defined construction : 70 5 58 generally details: ( See Specific Subjects, Code.) 71 73 Building 5 58 raising or lowering buildings to grade 623 5 139 ranges, heating 397 5 113 recess in walls reinforced concrete construction : 261 5 90 application, availability 331 5 96 definitions concrete composition : 330 5 96 aggregate 332 5 97 mixture reinforcement : 332 5 97 generally 333 5 97 placinsr 335 5 97 protecting 339 5 99 web 335 5 97 rules governing 341 5 99 tests of loads units and details : 340 5 99 beams 335 5 97 columns 337 5 98 fillers of floors 336 5 98 slabs 335 5 97 tee-beams 335 5 97 walls 338 5 99 use 331 5 96 working stresses repair of buildings : 334 5 97 generally 3 5 47 frame 93 5 66 532 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Building Code — Continued : subjects — Continued : residence buildings : defined 70 5 58 construction : generally 71 73 5 58 ceilings and floors of cellars 442 5 118 fireproof 72 5 59 floor loads 53 5 56 walls 257 5 88 restaurants : classification 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 details: ( See Specific Subjects, Building Code.) retaining walls : excavation supports 230 5 81 foundation work 237 5 85 regulation of lots 211 5 79 restricted areas (fire limits) 90, 91 5 60 riveting 306 5 95 rock and stone : bearing capacity 231 5 82 weight 21 5 50 working stress 51 5 53 roofing and roof structures 420-129 5 116 roofs : generally 421 5 116 bulkheads 426 5 117 cooling towers 429 5 118 cornices 5 116 dormer windows 427 5 118 gutters 422 5 116 houses upon 426 5 117 leaders 423 5 116 outside fire limits 474 5 120 pent houses on 426 5 117 reinforced concrete 354 5 101 repairs to 421 5 116 safe loads 53 5 56 scuttles and ladders to 425 5 117 skylights in 424 5 116 slanting 427 5 118 tanks 428 5 118 rubble-stone construction 253 5 87 rules, superintendent of buildings 7 5 49 safe carrying capacity, determining 51 5 53 safeguards against fire : 370-376 5 105 533 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Building Code — Continued : subjects — Continued: safeguards during construction or demolition : adjoining buildings 193 5 78 cellar drainage 198 5 78 demolition requirements 200 5 79 enforcement of requirements 190 5 77 fences : 192 5 77 fireproof floor construction 195 5 78 floor openings 196 5 78 overloading, restrictions 199 5 78 roofs and skylights of adjoining buildings 193 5 78 scaffolding 194 5 78 sidewalk sheds 191 5 77 superintendents of buildings’ duties 190 5 77 weather protection 197 5 78 sand : bearing capacity 231 5 82 specification 24 5 51 schools : classification 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 details: ( See Specific Subjects, Building Code.) scuttles, roof 425 5 117 sewer connection, during construction 198 5 78 shafts, protection of 373 5 106 sheds : generally 477 5 120 over sidewalks during construction 191 5 77 show windows, construction 446 5 119 shut-off valves 601 5 138 shutters, fireproof 375 5 108 sidewalk sheds 191 5 77 skeleton construction (iron or steel) 300-313 5 92 skylights : construction, generally 424 5 116 safeguarding, adjoining building 193 5 78 slabs, reinforced concrete 335 5 97 smoke houses : classification 70 5 58 construction 71-73 . . 58 generally 399 5 114 smoke pipes 403 5 115 soils, bearing capacity: specified 231 5 82 statement of, in plans for new buildings 231 5 82 stables : classification 70 5 58 534 INDEX . Building Code — Continued: Sec. Chap. Page subjects — Continued : stables — Continued : construction : generally 71-73 5 58 details : ( See Code.) stairways Specific Subjects, Building 153-155 5 70 standpipes (fire service) 581 5 137 stands : generally 478 5 121 steam heating 404 5 115 steel construction 301-313 5 92 stone masonry: generally 253 5 87 foundation work . . 236 5 84 stores : classification 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 details : ( See Code.) stoves, setting Specific Subject, Building 397 5 113 studios : classification 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 details : ( See Code.) stud partitions Specific Subj ect, Building 283 5 92 suburban fire limits . . . 91 5 64 tanks (roof) 428 5 118 tee-beams, reinforced concrete . 335 5 97 templates 309 5 95 temporary structures . . 478 5 121 temporary supports . . . 50 5 53 tenement houses : classification 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 theatres : classification 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 specifications . 520-538 5 126 tie-rods 308 5 95 timber : specifications 31 5 53 weights 21 5 50 working stresses . . 51 5 53 in walls 251 5 85 trusses, iron or steel. . . 305 5 94 535 INDEX. Building Code — Continued: subjects — Continued: unsafe buildings : abatement of : generally voluntary, by owner notice : issue disregard of precept to abate: issue expense of executing return reimbursement of city for executing record of repair or removal under precept survey : notice posting report review by court vaults, sidewalk vent flues ventilation vent shafts violations of, misdemeanors wainscoting frame buildings walls : alcoves in arches t ashlar bearing: defined thickness bracing during construction brick masonry chases in construction existing, continued fire-stops in foundation furring height, defined hollow hollow brick for inside hollow building block construction interior lining lintels materials of mortar (cement required) Sec. 630 632 631 633 634 636 637 637 631 635 633 633 634 170 401 130-137 373 655 284 261 251 263 255 250 257 251 252 261 251 258 262 236 262 250 260 262 254 257 258 251 251 256 Chap. 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 .5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Page 140 140 140 140 141 142 142 142 140 141 140 140 141 74 114 67 106 148 92 90 85 91 87 85 88 85 86 90 85 89 90 84 90 85 90 90 87 88 89 85 85 87 536 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Building Code — Continued: subj ects — Continued : walls — Continued: non-bearing 257 5 88 one-story brick building 257 5 88 parapet 259 5 90 pipe chases in 261 5 90 public buildings 257 5 88 recesses and chases in .................... 261 5 90 reinforced concrete 338 5 99 thickness 257 5 88 timber in 251 5 85 warehouses : classification 70 5 58 construction : generally . . . . 71-73 5 58 details ( See Specific Subjects.) water-proofing 443 5 119 weather protection 197 5 78 weights of materials 21 5 50 wind pressure 54 5 57 wood construction .... 280-284 5 91 working stresses : generally 51 5 53 reinforced concrete work 334 5 97 wrecked buildings, recovery of bodies from 638 5 142 Building line, projections beyond .... 170-174 5 74 Building materials : compression (tables) . . . 50-51 5 53 factors of safety 50 5 53 discharging cargo of 64 8 162 fibre stress (tables) 51 5 53 mortar mixing in streets 142 23 453 obstruction of streets by ... 140-142 23 453 removal from streets 142 23 453 safe carrying capacity 53 5 56 safeguarding streets, obstructing 3 23 438 shear (tables) 51 5 53 .specifications for: brick 23 5 5: cement 26 5 51 concrete 28 5 51 hollow building blocks 29 5 52 iron and steel 30 5 52 lime 25 5 51 mortar 27 5 51 rivets 306 5 95 sand 24 5 51 timber 31 5 53 537 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Building materials — Continued: strength : columns and compression members 52 5 55 computations 50 5 53 factors of safety 50 5 53 working stresses 51 5 53 tension (tables) 51 5 53 tests 22 5 50 weights 21 5 50 working stresses (tables) 51,52 5 53 Building projections: ( See Projections and Encroachments.) Building stone: compression 51 5 53 factor of safety 50 5 53 fiber stresses 51 5 53 weight 21 5 50 Buildings and structures : adjoining, protection of : against excavations 230 5 81 during construction or alteration 190-200 5 77 agents to receive notices affecting 653 5 146 alteration : generally 137 5 69 permit required 3 5 46 area-ways : construction 170 5 74 I 160, 161 23 461 safeguarding 161 23 461 ashes and cinders of, disposition 212 20 406 basement exits 152 5 69 bay windows : construction 446 5 120 restrictions 170 5 74 boiler rooms : manhole ladders to sidewalk 152 5 69 business buildings, defined 70 5 58 cellar doors and steps 164 23 462 classification 70 5 58 conditions prejudicial to life or health 51-54 20 373 construction : ( See Building Code.) courts 135 5 . 68 damaged, repair of 93 5 66 dangerous, safeguarding 638, 639 5 142 demolishing: (See Building Code.) dust, escape from 212 20 406 dwelling (private), classified 70 5 58 election booths 478 5 121 electric wiring and appliances (light, heat and power) : definitions 1 9 166 construction: (See Specific Subject.) controlled by 2 9 167 538 INDEX. Buildings and structures — Continued: electric wiring and appliances (light, heat and power) — Continued : generally in city buildings in Federal buildings inspection : authorized certificate inspectors, right of entry restrictions as to rules and regulations use : supplying current discontinuing current Sec. 6 4 3 10 11 10 6 2 12 13 elevators : freight 560-568 gates and trap doors 374 inspection and regulation 562,565 runners 567 enlarging, within fire limits 92 excavations for 230 exit facilities : generally 150-162 motion picture theatres 503 places of public character 490 theatres 527 exterior openings in, protection of 375 fallen 638 fences 477 fire alarm : connection with fire department 20 interior 21 fire escapes : generally 162 motion picture theatres 503 theatres 527 fire extinguishing appliances : generally 580 automatic sprinklers 580 asylums . . 20 buildings of public character 20 factories 20 generally 20 hazardous trades (specified) 1 hotels 20 motion picture theatres 36 sprinklers 580 standpipes 581 theatres 524 Chap. 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 12 12 5 5 5 5 12 12 12 12 10 12 3 5 5 5 Page 168 167 167 169 169 169 168 167 169 169 134 108 135 136 66 81 73 124 122 128 108 142 12C 301 301 74 124 128 136 136 301 301 301 301 232 301 38 136 137 127 539 INDEX. Buildings and structures — Continued: fire limits Sec. Chap. c Page tin fireproof 5 ou 99 fireproof shutters and doors 5 ioe floor capacities : business buildings 5 57 generally 5 56 floor lights 5 119 flues, smoke 5 111 frame : defined 5 58 construction or alteration : generally 5 119 residence in frame row 96 5 66 enlarging 92 5 66 moving 94 5 66 repairing : ordinary 5 46 fire damage 93 5 66 gas appliances, installation 600 5 137 heating facilities : generally 390 404 5 11C motion picture houses 37 3 37 theatres 525 5 127 heating, occupied buildings 225 20 408 height : defined 2 5 46 hoistways to be safeguarded 374 5 108 imminently perilous, safeguarding 638 5 142 lighting : adequacy 52 20 373 motion picture shows 38 3 38 theatres 526 5 127 live or variable loads : defined 53 5 56 specified 53 5 56 lot area of, reduction 136 5 68 lowering : to grade 623 5 139 maintenance : ceilings and walls 60 20 375 lights, ventilation and sanitation ..... 51-54 20 373 roof-tanks 61 20 375 roofs and skylights 59 20 375 motion picture theatres : construction 500-506 5 123 maintenance 30-44 3 35 moving : frame 94 5 66 through streets 144 23 454 non-fireproof defined 71 5 58 notice affecting, duty of agents or occupants 653 5 146 540 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Buildings and structures — Continued: nuisance in or about : abatement 53 20 374 prohibited 20 402 responsibility for 51 20 373 numbering 110 113 23 437 occupancy : determines construction classification 70 5 58 regulated 5 5 48 odors from 212 20 406 office building : classified, building construction 70 5 58 on same lot or plot 136 5 68 open-air motion picture theatres : construction 506 5 125 maintenance 30-44 3 35 orders affecting, duty of agents or occupants 653 5 146 outhouses 477 5 12C overloading : generally 55 5 57 during construction 199 5 78 piazzas 476 5 12C plans and specifications for : approval 4 5 47 compliance with 4 5 47 owner’s authorization 3 5 46 preparation and filing 3 5 46 projections into street from 170-174 5 74 public : application of Building Code 1 5 45 defined 70 5 58 raising : to grade 5 130 repairs : ordinary 4 5 47 fire damage 5 66 residence buildings, defined 70 5 58 restricted areas, fire limits 90, 91 5 60 right of entry, building bureau employees 10 5 49 sanitary condition, responsibility for 51 54 20 373 sewer facilities, adequacy 52 20 373 shafts, protection of 373 5 106*> show-windows 446 5 119 smoke nuisance 211 20 406 steam escaping 212 20 406 strength, sufficiency 52 20 366 suburban fire limits 91 5 64 temporary supports 50 5 53 theatres, places of amusement : construction 520-538 5 126 maintenance 1-13 3 30 541 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Buildings and structures — Continued: unsafe ... 630-639 5 140 vaults, under sidewalks ... 240-244 23 470 ventilation : generally 52 20 373 motion picture shows 39 3 38 windows, bay, oriel or show : construction 446 5 119 wind pressure 54 5 57 Buildings of a public character: defined 490 5 122 classified 71 5 58 construction of future 72 5 59 heating and lighting 55 20 374 light and ventilation 132 5 67 maintenance : , aisles and passageways 491 5 122 cleanliness 55 20 374 public safety 490 5 122 Bulkhead (marine), included in “water front property”. 1 1 9 Bulkhead (roof) construction 426 5 117 Bureau : defined 1 9 designation of acting head 7 1 13 Bureau of buildings : employees : immunity, Building Code enforcements 652 5 144 jurisdiction, generally 4 5 47 publications and reports, copies for municipal search library re- 10 1 13 right of entry of 10 5 49 right of way of vehicles of 24 478 sales of waste material 11 1 13 seal 9 5 49 speed of vehicles 17 24 479 Bureau of weights and measures : bonds of commissioner and inspectors 270 2 29 organization; jurisdiction 1-35 26 492 Burglar alarms, installation 685 9 228 Burrs and fins, electrical fixtures 577a 9 223 Burying grounds : establishing, permit necessary 45 20 372 interments in 45 20 372 opening, exposing or disturbing graves in 45 20 372 Busbars, installation 202b 9 171 Bushings, electrical: ( See Electrical Code.) Business buildings : defined 70 5 58 construction : details: ( See Specific Subjects.) 542 INDEX. c. Sec. Chap. Page Cabinets, electrical: ( See Electrical Code.) Cabs: ( See Hacks, Cabs and Taxicabs.) Caisson disease (compressed air illness), reports concerning. 92 20 379 Calcium carbide: manufacture, storage and sale: permit required 205 10 274 lee 43 10 240 requirements : containers 206 10 274 signs on buildings containing 206 10 274 storage 206 10 274 restrictions 207 10 274 Calves : dressed, defined 160 20 396 slaughtering : age restriction 160 20 396 permit required 325 20 422 restricted in Manhattan 326 20 422 Camps, living or sleeping in 217 20 407 Canal boats : defined 1 8 154 exclusion of other vessels from canal-boat reservations. 17 8 156 water front property reserved for 13 8 155 Cannabis indica: label statement 116 20 382 distribution or sale 126 20 386 Cannon, firing of 4 11 297 Car barns : classification 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 details. ( See Specific Subject.) Carbolic acid, retail trade restricted 123 20 385 Carbon monoxide, report of poisoning by 92 20 379 Carbonated beverages : ( See Gases Under Pressure.) Cards, circulars, hand bills, etc. : distribution in : mail boxes 15 22 436 parks 13 17 348 streets 15 22 436 vestibules 15 22 436 Cargo : discharge of : generally 60 8 161 health department permit 358 20 428 gravel and sand 64 8 162 inflammable material 63 8 162 lumber and brick 61 8 161 manure and other offensive matter 62 8 162 mode 61 8 161 54 3 / INDEX. Sec. Chap. Carousel : a common show 60 3 an amusement device 560 5 construction 561-563 5 inspection 565 5 license, fee 61 3 Carpets, beating or shaking ; 253 20 Carriageways, across sidewalks 184 23 Carroll street bridge (Brooklyn) 1 4 Carrying capacity, electrical wires and appliances: ( Sed Electrical Code.) Cartmen, licenses required for 1 14 Cartridges, manufacture prohibited 80 10 Carts : ( See Public Carts.) Cast iron : columns and compression members 52 5 specification of quality j 30 5 working stresses i 52 5 Cast steel: columns and compression members 52 5 specification of quality 30 5 working stresses 52 5 Cattle, sheep and swine : condemnation and destruction of diseased 137 20 contagiously diseased; keeping or importing 4 20 cruel treatment in transporting 15 20 defined 1 20 driving or herding in streets 32 24 feeding 14 20 impounding 2 27 inspection 136 20 keeping or yarding 11 20 killing feverish or overheated 161 20 slaughtering : cooling and dressing 162 20 permit required 325 20 restricted in Manhattan 326 20 stray, care of 2 27 transportation of, vehicular 15 20 ventilation of pens or stables 14 20 watering 14 20 yarding 11 20 Ceiling rosettes, electrical; construction 571 9 Ceilings : cellar 440 5 maintenance of 60 20 motion picture theatres 502 5 Cellar : defined 1 20 ceilings j 440 5 drainage during construction 198 5 Page 41 134 134 135 40 415 464 43 307 253 55 52 55 55 52 55 389 366 368 362 470 368 487 389 367 396 396 422 422 481 368 368 368 367 220 IIP 375 123 362 118 78 544 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Cellar — Continued : floors 441 5 118 partitions 442 5 118 sleeping in, prohibited 54 20 374 62 20 375 Cellar doors and steps : general provisions 164 23 462 on park streets 60 17 354 remc/val of unauthorized 168 23 462 punishment for violations . .... 170 23 462 Cement, specification 26 5 51 Cement mortar, specification . . 27 5 51 Cemeteries : establishing, permit required 45 20 372 interments 45 20 372 opening, exposing or disturbing graves 45 20 372 Cerebro-spinal meningitis, cases to be reported 86 20 378 Certificate of approval (Explosives and hazardous trades) : defined 1 10 233 fee for 42 10 239 issue of . 22 10 238 renewal 4 26 10 238 revocation 26 10 238 when required: ( See Specific Substance, Fluid or Gas.) Certificate of fitness (explosives and hazardous trades) : defined 1 10 233 fee for j 42 10 239 inspection of 27 10 238 issue of 4 21 10 237 renewal 26 10 238 revocation 1 26 10 238 when required: ( See Specific Business or Trade.) Certificate of inspection (Electrical Control) : defined 1 9 166 application for 7 9 168 issue, modification, suspension or revocation 11 9 169 prerequisite to turning on of electric current 12 9 169 Certificate of registration (Explosives and hazardous trades) defined 1 10 233 fee 42 10 239 issue of 23 10 238 renewal or revocation of 26 10 238 Cesspools, care and maintenance of 4 235-237 20 411 Chamberlain, bond of ,\ 270 2 28 Chandeliers, cutouts for electric 423 d 9 182 Charitable institutions; waiver of fees for permits under chap. 12 32 12 305 Charities (public) : institutions, admission to 1 6 149 libraries 3 6 149 545 INDEX . Sec. Chap. Page Charities (public) — Continued: inmates, classification 2 6 149 employment and discipline 4 6 149 instruction 2 6 149 Charter, abbreviation of “Greater New York Charter”.... 1 1 9 Chases, in walls 261 5 90 Chauffeurs of public hacks. ( See Drivers of Public Hacks, Cabs and Taxicabs.) Chemists of health department, affidavits of 188 20 403 Chicken pox, cases to be reported 86 20 378 Chickens, keeping, killing and selling 19 20 368 Chief medical examiner, duties of 80 20 377 Children : admission to schools, health certificate 200 20 405 day nurseries, permit required 198 20 404 institutions for care of : admission, health certificate 197 20 404 infectious diseases, report of cases 86 20 378 isolation of infected persons 89 20 379 in schools, physical care of 200 20 405 vaccination .* 199 20 404 Chimneys : defined 390 5 110 construction, generally 390-392 5 110 cupola 395 5 113 fires in 30 12 304 maintenance 392 5 111 Chimneys, flues and heating appliances, construction 390-404 5 110 Chloral : label statement 116 20f 382 distribution or sale 126 20 386 Choke coils, electrical 205 d 9 172 Churches : classification j j 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 details ( See Specific Subjects.) specialty : aisles and passageways j 491 5 122 public safety 490 5 122 fire alarm connection 20 12 301 fire extinguishing appliances 20 12 301 funeral restriction, infectious diseases 102 20 381 Chute : a common show 60 3 41 construction and operation 560-568 5 134 Cigars and cigarettes: manufacture : prohibited practices in 338 20 424 regulated generally 338 20 424 shop equipment, cuspidors 338 20 424 546 INDEX. Cigars and cigarettes — Continued: Sec. Chap. Page smoking : in subway 216 20 407 other restrictions 12 304 throwing away lighted 12 300 Cinders: ( See ashes) as a nuisance 212 20 406 Circuit breakers: ( See Electrical Code.) Circulars: ( See Cards, Circulars, Handbills, etc.) Circus, tents are temporary structures 478 5 121 Cisterns, care and maintenance of • . 235 237 20 411 City, the City of New York 1 1 9 City automobiles, to be so marked 33 24 471 City clerk and clerk of the board of aldermen : bond 270 2 28 custodian of city seal 2 1 11 deputies’ and cashiers’ bonds „ . . . 270 2 28 office hours 8 1 13 ordinances, distribution of copies 6 1 12 City debt: definition 1 2 14 assessment bonds 2 2 14 jurisdiction of 3 2 14 sinking fund for redemption of 4 2 15 sinking funds : for payment of interest on 5 2 15 collection of income of 2 15 investment of income of 8 2 16 reports concerning 9 2 17 City flag, design and description 3 1 12 City Hall, flags or decorations on 1 12 City Island bridge, location 4 42 City magistrates’ court, 12th district, location 4 27 500 City marshal : badges 230 2 25 impersonation of 231 2 25 unauthorized use of name or sign 231 2 25 violations of provisions relating to 232 2 25 City employees, certain : hospital care and treatment 5 13 306 City officers : office hours 8 1 13 residence in state required of 1 16 338 City offices : building code applies to constructions by 1 5 45 electrical control regulations govern 4 9 167 explosives and hazardous trades regulations apply to.. 4 10 236 City Record, bond of supervisor and deputy 270 2 28 City seal : city clerk is custodian of 2 1 11 design and description 2 1 10 use 1 11 547 INDEX. City stock : defined regulations concerning City surveyors : appointment board of examiners of Clay, bearing capacity Cleats, electrical : ( See Electrical Code.) Climbing upon statuary, walls and other park constructions. Closets, fireproofing ducts in Clothes, beating or shaking ; Club houses: classification construction : generally details: (See Specific Subject, Building Code.) Coach: (See Hacks, Cabs and Taxicabs.) sale and delivery of Coal dust, blowing about of Coal pockets : classification construction : generally details: (See Specific Subject, Building Code.) Coal tar products: to store, fee for permit regulations restriction, storage Code of ordinances, the code of ordinances of the city of New York Cold storage food : definition marking, as such, required period of storage allowed re-storage prohibited seller must disclose character of Collector of assessments and arrears : bond of fees for bills and searches Collector of city revenue and superintendent of markets : bond of; deputies’ bonds clerk, bond of College : classification construction : generally details: (See Specific Subject, Building Code.) exit facilities Column bases, specification Columns, encroaching tlpon sidewalks Sec. Chap. Page 1 2 14 2-9 2 14 241 2 26 240 2 26 231 5 82 17 17 349 402 5 114 253 20 415 70 5 58 71-73 5 58 31 26 496 253 20 415 70 5 58 71-73 5 58 43 10 243 110-113 10 259 276 10 288 1 1 9 71 20 376 72 20 376 73 20 376 74 20 376 75 20 376 270 2 28 265 2 28 270 2 28 270 2 28 70 5 58 71-73 5 58 152 5 69 302 5 93 170 5 74 54 S INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Columns and compression members : classification : cast iron 300 5 92 steel 301 5 93 wood 281 5 91 connecting and framing: generally 304 5 94 bolting 307 5 95 riveting 306 5 95 unsupported lengths 52 5 55 fire proofing 311 5 96 painting 310 5 95 specifications : quality 30 5 52 working stresses 52 5 55 Combustible fiber : defined 24 12 302 storage, requirements and restrictions 24 12 302 Combustible mixture : defined 1 10 233 manufacture, storage and sale: permit, required 140 10 264 fee 43 10 240 requirements : containers 141 10 266 exemptions 142 10 266 supervisions 142 10 266 restrictions 141 10 266 Commission, meaning of term 1 1 Commissioner, meaning of term 1 Commissioner of correction, jurisdiction 1-7 7 151 Commissioner of docks : jurisdiction of waterfront property: designation for: city purposes, generally 10 8 154 floating baths 11 8 154 recreation piers 12 8 154 canal boats 13 8 155 garden produce 14 8 155 oyster trade 15 8 155 improvements : generally 30 8 157 fish platforms 32 8 157 floating docks 34 8 158 opening of asphalt pavements 33 8 157 sheds 31 8 157 maintenance : cleaning, dredging and repairing 50 8 159 discharge of cargoes 60-64 8 161 obstructions, removal 52-55 8 159 overloading 51 8 159 549 INDEX. Commissioner of docks — Continued : jurisdiction of waterfront property — Continued: maintenance — Continued : public hacks wharfage protection of navigation violations of orders of Commissioner of licenses : licenses : amusements and exhibitions motion picture theatres, open-air motion picture theatres common shows billiard and pool tables bowling alleys dealers in second-hand articles dirt carts expresses and expressmen exterior hoists hacks, cabs and taxicabs drivers or chauffeurs of public hacks hand organs itinerant musicians junk dealers massage operators and institutes peddlers, hawkers and venders public carts and cartmen public porters shooting galleries may: inspect licensed places or vehicles make certificates as to licenses subpoena witnesses and take testimony, and delegate such powers suspend and revoke licenses try and punish delinquent licensees registers licenses responsible for license fees Commissioner of public charities, controls charitable insti- tutions and their inmates Commissioner of public works, bond of Commissioner of water supply, gas and electricity: jurisdiction : electric current for light, heat or power electric signs electricians (light, heat and power) : licenses special licenses electric wiring and appliances for! light, heat and power motion-picture operators motion picture theatres water supply matters Sec. Chap. Page 56 8 161 80-91 8 163 120-124 8 165 18 8 156 2 3 30 33 3 37 61 3 41 1 14 307 1 14 307 1 14 307 1 14 307 1 14 307 1 14 307 1 14 307 93 14 318 170 14 330 171 14 331 1 14 307 1 14 307 1 14 307 1 14 307 1 14 307 1 14 307 7 14 309 4 14 308 5 14 308 5 14 308 5 14 308 4 14 308 4 14 308 1-4 6 149 270 2 28 13 9 169 215 23 468 1 9 167 1 9 167 2 9 167 43 3 40 33 3 37 -44 25 486 550 INDEX. Commissions : defined . meetings publications of, copies for municipal reference library. . Common shows : defined amusement devices, construction and maintenance license required license fee punishment for violations Communicable diseases : ( See Infectious Diseases.) Company, within definition of “person” Compensator coils, arc lamps. Compressed air illness (caisson disease), reports of cases of Comptroller : bond deputies’ bonds custodian of : deeds and other title papers of city evidences of debts due city duties and powers concerning: assessment bonds bonds and mortgages due the city commissioners of sinking fund contracts : opening estimates for examining sureties on filing and keeping payments on reports as to outstanding public administrator sinking funds collection of income taxes and assessments, apportionment Concealed “knob and tube work” Concert halls: ( See Places of a Public Character; Theatres.) lavatories, towel service Concourse, included in “street” Concrete : specification weight working stress Concrete construction: compression and fiber stress concrete specification floor arches foundations hollow building blocks re-inforced safe loads weight working stress Sec. Chap. Page 1 3 9 9 1 13 10 1 13 60 3 41 561 5 134 61 3 40 61 3 41 62 3 41 1 1 9 435 9 194 92 20 379 270 2 28 270 2 28 170 2 23 170 2 23 2 2 14 7 2 16 3 2 14 66 2 19 72 2 20 61 2 17 73 2 20 79 2 21 250-252 2 26 6 2 15 266 2 28 426 q 9 187 214 20 406 1 1 9 28 5 51 21 5 50 51 5 53 51 5 53 28 5 51 352 5 101 234 5 83 29 5 52 330-341 5 96 53 5 56 21 5 50 51 5 53 551 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Concrete footings : ( See Footings.) Concrete piles: ( See Pile foundations.) Condensers, electrical 580 9 226 Condensers, charges for water supply 21 25 487 Conductors, electrical : ( See Electrical Code.) Conduits, electrical: ( See Electrical Code.) Coney island cycle paths 41 17 353 Confectioners’ supplies, fee for permit to manufacture 43 10 240 Confectionery : adulteration of 139 20 390 false name or quality prohibited 140 20 391 Conjunctivitis (suppurative) cases to be reported 86 20 378 Conservatories, charges for water supply 21 25 476 Constant potential systems : ( See Electrical Code.) Contagious diseases : ( See Infectious Diseases.) Contagious diseases of animals: disposition of sufferers 3 20 366 owners to report cases of 3 20 366 veterinarians to report cases of 2 20 366 Contraband material (explosives and hazardous trades), seiz- ure and disposition of 5 10 236 Contracts for work or supplies for city : application of provisions 60 2 17 award 66 2 19 bond 72 2 20 borough improvements 61 2 17 estimates : contents 65 2 18 “ estimate box ” 63-66 2 18 execution 65 2 18 opening 66 2 19 proposals for : advertisement and issue 63 2 18 form of 64 2 18 samples 67 2 19 execution 72 2 20 filing with comptroller 61 2 17 indemnity against accidents 70 2 19 inspection 75 2 21 inspectors’ and surveyors’ affidavits 76 2 21 non-performance of 72 2 20 payments : . certificate of amount due 73 2 20 delayed 78 2 21 endorsement on contracts 74 2 21 generally 73 2 20 installment 68 2 19 pay roll, laborers 73 2 20 security for 68 2 19 plans and surveys 62 2 18 552 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Contracts for work or supplies for city — Continued: protection against accidents 70 2 19 reletting 72 2 20 report of outstanding 79 2 21 snow removal, pay of workmen 71 2 20 Contractors: ( See Contracts for Work or Supplies for City.) compliance with Sanitary Code 182 20 402 temporary privies for employees 285 20 418 Convalescent homes : infectious diseases cases to be reported 91 20 379 patients to be isolated 96 20 380 Cooking utensils, sanitary protection of 144 20 392 Cooling towers, construction 429 5 118 Cooperage shops: ( See Factories.) Copartnership, included in term “person” 119 Cornices : construction 422 5 116 encroaching upon street 170 5 74 Coroners and coroners’ physicians: autopsy reports 32 20 370 violent deaths, to be reported by 32 20 370 Corporation, included in term “person” 119 2 5 45 Corporation counsel : actions by or against city, register to be kept by 220 2 24-25 bond of 270 2 28 books and papers to be delivered to successor 222 2 25 jurisdiction : Building Code litigations 652 5 144 penalty prosecutions, Building Code 654 5 147 theatre license litigation 5 3 31 legislative bills and ordinances, drafting 221 2 25 Corporation yards, in Manhattan 151 23 458 Corrections 1-7 7 151 Corrosion of metal work, safeguarding against 310 5 95 Cotton: ( See Combustible Fibers.) County, as used in code 119 Court houses: classified 70 5 58 construction, generally 71-73 5 58 details: ( See Specific Subject, Building Code.) Court rooms, exit facilities 152 5 69 Courts of buildings 135-136 5 68 Court yards : on park streets 60 17 354 on private property 170 5 74 removal of unauthorized 168 23 462 restricted streets 160 23 461 Covers for motors (waterproof) 208 f 9 174 553 INDEX . Cows : Sec. Chap. Page keeping 12 20 367 skinning 323,324 20 422 tuberculin test, certificate Cream : ( See Milk and Cream.) 13 20 368 Crema, classification 152 20 394 Crematories, permit to establish 45 20 372 Criminals, rewards for apprehension of Crockery: ( See Glass and Glassware.) 130 2 23 Crosswalks, included within the term “street” Cultures (therapeutic) : ...... 1 1 9 free distribution of 121 20 385 requirements concerning 116 20 382 Culvert, included within the term “street” 1 1 9 Cupola chimneys, construction 395 5 113 Curb (building construction), defined 2 5 45 Curb (traffic regulations), defined 1 24 474 Curbing, construction 23 443 Curds, classification 152 20 394 Curtain walls, construction 257 5 88 Cut-outs, electrical: ( See Electrical Code.) D. Damp places, electrical installations in: ( See Electrical Code.) Dance halls : classification, building construction 70 5 58 exit facilities construction : 152 5 69 generally details: ( See Specific Subject, Building Code.) 71-73 5 58 use of common towels 214 20 406 Dangerous buildings: ( See Unsafe Buildings.) Day, defined : generally 1 1 9 docks and harbor control 1 8 154 Day nurseries : infectious diseases : cases to be reported 91 20 379 patients to be isolated 96 20 380 Dead animals : cases to be reported 6 20 366 disposal, restricted 234 20 411 filling in land with, prohibited removal : 252 20 415 general requirement 243 20 412 docks for, to be unobstructed 246 20 413 vessels engaged in, permit to come to pier 245 20 413 Dead bodies (human) : disposition of : interment, cremation or other 42 20 372 time limit for 40 20 371 554 INDEX Dead bodies (human) — Continued: discovery of, to be reported exhumation of exposure of, prohibited infectious disease cases, care of permit to inter or otherwise to dispose of removal from place of decease retaining of, regulated transit permits to remove transportation through, into or out of city of Dead load, defined Dealers in second-hand articles: defined license fee and bond record of purchases by inspection of records of restrictions on business of junk-dealing by, prohibited pawn-broking by, prohibited to give information as to advertised property inspection of stock of violations Deaths : autopsy reports of carrying corpse through, into or out of city coroners’ and coroners’ physicians’ report of disposition of body: interment or cremation time limit for transportation from city false certificate, report or statement as to infectious disease cases : care of bodies funeral restrictions medical examiners, to report physicians’ record of register of : physicians to keep transcripts to be filed removal of body from place of decease reports of transit permits to remove bodies violent, reports required Decedents’ estates, public administration of Decorative lighting systems Delancey street market, location of Delivery wagons, park restrictions Demolishing buildings : Building Code applies necessity for, to be noted in plans for new construction. method of Dentists, charges for water supply to Sec. Chap. Page 41 20 372 45 20 372 39 20 371 102 20 381 42 20 371 37 20 370 39 20 371 38 20 371 38 20 371 53 5 56 40 14 310 41 14 310 42 14 311 42 14 311 44 14 311 44 14 311 44 14 311 45 14 312 45 14 312 46 14 312 32 20 370 37 20 371 32 20 370 42 20 372 40 20 371 37 20 371 36 20 371 102 20 381 103 20 381 80 20 377 33 20 370 32 20 370 33 20 370 37 20 371 32 20 370 38 20 371 32 20 370 250-253 2 26 437 9 195 20 15 334 37 17 351 1 5 45 3 5 46 200 5 79 21 25 487 555 INDEX. Department: ( See Departments, Bureaus, Boards and Com- missions.) general term “ acting ” head includes bureaus and division Department of corrections : ( See Departments, etc.) general provisions Department of docks and ferries : ( See Departments, etc.) general provisions Department of education : ( See Departments, etc.) Department of licenses : ( See Departments, etc.) amusements and exhibitions Art. 1 common shows Art. 3 motion picture exhibitions Art. 2 licensed trades, occupations, places and appliances Department of parks : ( See Departments, etc.) park regulations Department of public charities : ( See Departments, etc.) institutions and inmates Department of water supply, gas and electricity : ( Sei Departments, etc.) electrical control, generally illuminated signs motion picture theatres, operators of projecting machines water supply Departments, bureaus, boards and commissions : Building Code governs contracts for supplies or work a municipal explosive regulations, applicable .i office hours .* publications and reports, copies for municipal research laboratory sales of old or waste material Depots (railroad) : classification .i construction : generally i details: ( See Specific Subjects, Building Code.) Diagrams of exits : posting in hotels, lodging-houses, asylums and hospitals.; theatre programmes Diagrams of proposed buildings : to accompany applications for permits adherence to, required Dinitrobenzine, report of poisoning by Diphtheria, reports of cases of Dirt, defined Dirt, carts: construction defined droppings from contents Sec. Chap. Page 1 1 9 7 1 13 1 1 9 1-7 7 151 1-124 8 154 3 30 3 41 3 35 14 307 17 346 6 149 9 166 211,215 23 466 43 3 40 1-44 25 486 1 5 45 60-79 2 17 4 10 236 8 1 13 10 1 13 11 1 13 70 5 58 71-73 5 58 21 12 301 7 3 32 527 5 128 3 5 46 4 5 47 92 20 379 86 20 378 1 20 362 50 14 312 50 14 312 13 22 434 556 INDEX. Dirt Carts — Continued : Sec. Chap. Page license, required 1 14 307 fee 51 14 313 marking 50 14 313 Diseases : communicable: ( See Infectious.) contagious: ( See Infectious.) infectious, generally 86, 87 20 378 on vessels 351 20 426 occupational 92 20 379 on vessels, reports required 351-353 20 426 venereal 88 20 378 Disinfection, requirements . . . . j 101 20 381 Dispensaries : infectious diseases : cases to be reported 86 20 378 patients to be isolated 96 20 380 puerperal septicemia cases, reports by 92 20 379 suppurative conjunctivitis, reports by 92 20 379 venereal diseases, reports by 86 20 378 Disturbance of street surface: permit required 80 23 445 prevention of unauthorized 81 23 445 violations 82 23 445 Dockmasters, powers and duties of 16 8 156 Docks, ferries and harbor control : definitions 1 8 154 apportionment of waterfront property: canal boats 13 8 155 city purposes, generally 10 8 154 floating baths 11 8 154 garden produce 14 8 155 oyster and other shell fish 15 8 155 recreation piers 12 8 154 garbage and offal docks, to be unobstructed 246 20 413 employees : hospital care and treatment 5 13 306 improvement of waterfront property: generally 30 8 157 floating docks 34 8 158 opening pavements 33 8 157 platforms for fish trade 32 8 157 sheds on piers 31 8 157 maintenance of waterfront property: cleaning, dredging and repairing 50 8 159 incumbrances and obstruction : generally 52 8 159 in sheds 52 8 159 vehicles 53 8 160 removal 54 8 160 storage and sale .... 53-55 8 160 violations 57 8 161 55 7 INDEX. Docks, ferries and harbor control — Continued: Sec. Chap. Page maintenance of waterfront property — Continued: overloading 51 8 159 protecting from injury 51 8 159 public hack regulation 56 8 161 protection of navigation : dredging 50 8 159 dumping 122 8 165 obstructions 121 8 165 removal of refuse from vessels 123 8 165 vessels carrying: explosives, restriction 65 10 248 garbage and refuse, restriction 245 20 413 wharfage : rates 80 8 162 Dogs : contagiously diseased, keeping or importing 4 20 366 destruction of rabid or vicious 10 20 367 impounding 2 27 499 in parks 16 17 349 muzzles required for 17 20 368 rabid, disposition 10 20 367 selling or keeping for sale 18 20 369 stealing or molesting 2 27 499 vicious, disposition 10 20 368 Doors : arches and lintels of 251 5 85 buildings over 150 feet in height 356 5 104 dimensions of doorways 158 5 73 fireproof buildings 356 5 104 fireproof, when required 375 5 108 hanging, specification 158 5 73 to operate outward 158 5 73 Doorways, dimensions 158 5 73 Dormer windows, construction 427 5 118 Dormitories : classification 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 details: ( See Specified Subjects, Building Code). Drain, within definition of “sewer” 119 Drainage of buildings, generally ; 600 5 137 Drainage canal, within definition of “sewer” 119 Drains across sidewalks, construction 182 23 464 Drilling, military, in parks * . . . 10 17 348 Drinking utensils : cleansing after use 144 20 392 common use of, prohibited 143 20 392 Drip-loop at entrances of buildings: ( See Electrical Code.) Drivers : age restriction 10 24 474 558 INDEX. Drivers — Continued: public hacks, cabs and taxicabs: Sec. 94 Chap. 14 Page license : required 90 14 317 application 90 14 317 examination for 91 14 317 fee 96 14 • • • form and term 93 14 318 photograph of holder 92 14 318 record 98 14 319 renewal 95 14 318 suspension or revocation 97 14 318 Driveway, within definition of “street” Driving: (See Traffic Regulations; Vehicles.) 1 1 9 rules of the road Drug and chemical supply house: (See Wholesale Drug 10-18 24 4 74 Stores.) Drug stores: (See Retail Drug Stores; Stores.) Wholesale Drug Drugs and medicines : adulterated ; defined, sale prohibited . . 116 20 382 anti-toxin : distribution, gratis 121 20 385 requirements concerning 116 20 382 habit-forming : distribution, sale 126 20 386 label statement 116 20 382 misbranded, defined, sale prohibited... 116 20 382 misleading representations as to 116 20 382 patent or proprietary: adulteration 116 20 382 defined 117 20 383 ingredients to be registered 117 20 383 prescriptions of 117 20 383 registration of 117 20 383 therapeutic serum, toxin and vaccine: distribution, gratis 121 20 385 requirements concerning 116 20 382 Dry cleaning or dry dyeing, defined 1 10 233 Dry cleaning or dry-dyeing establishments : requirements : equipment 177 10 271 fire prevention 179 10 271 operation 178 10 271 permit 175 10 270 restrictions 176 10 270 Dryers, construction 390 5 110 Drying-rooms, construction 398 5 114 Ducks, keeping, killing or selling 19 20 368 559 INDEX. Ducts : defined Sec. 390 402 Chap. c Page 110 114 fireproofing D 5 Dumbwaiters, fire prevention safeguards 373 5 106 Dumbwaiter shafts: defined 370 5 105 construction 373 5 106 Dump scows, wharfage fees 87 8 164 Dust : as a nuisance 212 20 406 creation of, prohibited 253 20 415 200 5 79 Dwellings (private) : classified 70 5 58 construction 71-73 5 58 generally : details: ( See Specific Subjects, Building Code.) restrictions on occupancy: ( See Explosives and Hazar- dous Trades.) sanitary condition : prescribed 54 20 374 responsibility fixed for 54 20 374 Dynamite: ( See Explosives), marking and packing 62 10 245 Dynamos and dynamo rooms: ( See Electrical Code.) Dysentery epidemic: ( See Infectious Diseases), report of rases 7.0 378 E. Earth, rocks or rubbish in street 143 23 442 Easement : included in “real property” 1 1 9 “ water-front property ” 1 1 9 Eastchester bay shore road, traffic regulations 40 17 353 Eastchester bridge (Bronx), location 1 4 42 Eastern parkway, traffic regulation 39 17 350 Eating utensils, common use, regulated 143 20 392 Eccentric loads, defined and limited 52 5 55 Economy coils, arc lamps 433 9 194 Educational Alliance, amusements in aid of 6 3 31 Eggs: “broken out,” traffic in 331 20 423 “rots and spots,” defined 331 20 423 sale of, false name or quality 140 20 391 Eighth Ward market (Brooklvn), location 21 15 334 Eighty-sixth street (Manhattan), trades-wagons restriction. 37 17 351 Electric cranes 443 9 201 Electric gas lighting 687 9 231 Electric heaters 425 9 184 560 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Electrician (light, heat and power installations) : license and special license: defined 1 9 166 application 7 9 168 examination of applicant 8 9 168 fees 9 9 169 issue 8 9 168 period 6 9 168 revocation or suspension 6 9 168 violations of electrical regulations 700 9 231 Electrical control (wiring and appliances for heat, light and power) : definitions 1 9 166 exercised by commissioner of water supply, gas and electricity 2 9 167 exemptions : Federal buildings 3 g ^7 public service corporations... 5 g installations, alterations and repairs, generally: authorization to make: application 7 9 168 license : defined 1 9 166 examination for 8 9 168 fee 9 9 169 term 6 9 168 suspension, revocation or modification 6 9 168 license board 8 9 168 special license: defined 1 9 166 examination for 8 9 168 fee 9 9 169 term 6 9 168 suspension, revocation or modification 6 9 168 special permit: defined 1 9 167 fee 9 9 169 suspension, revocation or modification g 9 168 certificate of inspection: issue 11 9 169 modification, suspension or revocation 11 9 169 inspection 2 9 167 10 9 169 motion-picture operators 43 3 39 motion-picture theatres 33 3 35 438 9 195 orders and their enforcement 2 9 167 requirements and restrictions: ( See Electrical Code.) right of entry of inspectors 10 9 169 rules and regulations 2 9 167 561 INDEX. Electrical control (wiring and appliances for heat, light and power) — Continued: service (current supply) : Sec. Chap. Page certificate of inspection, pre-requisite 11 9 169 discontinuing 13 9 169 signs (electric) 215 23 450 theatres 438 9 195 violations, punishment Electrical code : control of construction, installations and maintenance: {See Electrical Control.) subjects : 700 9 231 acid fumes 210 c 9 175 appliances, defined 1 9 166 approved, defined 1 9 166 arc lamps: 426 i-j 9 185 construction 421 9 181 574 9 222 installation 421 9 181 433 9 194 574 9 224 location 421 9 181 armored cable: 433 9 194 construction 554 9 207 ground wires 427 c 9 187 installation 427 9 187 metallic sheaths, grounding 427 c 9 187 outlet box 427b 9 187 attendance, care auto starters : 206 9 172 construction 579 9 225 installation 208 d 9 174 B. & S. gauge defined 1 9 166 balance sets 201 d 9 170 base frames for generators and motors 201c 9 170 208 d 9 170 batteries, storage or primary 210 9 175 battery rooms 210 b 9 175 bell wires 685 9 228 blocks at fixture and switch outlets 424 d 9 183 boxes, switch and outlet, installation boxing for wires: {See Protection for Wires.) 424 e 9 183 building, defined 1 9 166 burglar alarms 685 9 22 burrs and fins in fixtures 577 a 9 22 bus-bars bushings : 202 b 9 171 construction 561 9 211 562 INDEX. Electrical code — Continued: Sec. Chap. Page subjects — Continued: bushings — Continued : entrance to buildings 312 f 9 176 685 e 9 228 generators and motors 201 g 9 170 inside buildings 416 d 9 179 lamp sockets 432 f 9 194 wires, construction 561 9 211 cabinets, cut-out and switch : construction 570 9 219 use 419 b-d 9 181 423 c 9 182 424 b 9 183 cabinets, iheostat and auto-starter 208 d 9 174 cable ( See Armored Cable.) care and attendance 206 9 172 carrying capacity : arc lamp leads 433 a 9 194 wires, table 418 9 179 ceiling rosettes, construction 571 9 220 central stations : ( See Generators, motors and Switchboards.) certificate of inspection, defined 1 9 166 chandeliers, cut-outs 423 d 9 182 choke coils 205 d 9 172 circuit breakers: construction 566 9 214 height of setting 423 e 9 182 installation 419 9 180 423 9 181 required, when 208 c 9 173 209 9 175 cleats : construction 562 9 211 installation 416 b 9 178 426 h 8 185 compensation coils, arc lamps 433 9 192 concealed “knob and tube” work 426 q 9 187 condensers, reactive coils 580 9 226 conductors: ( See also Wires.) armored cable 554 9 207 on side walls, protection 426 e 9 184 station and dynamo 202 9 165 conduits : wire, construction 553 9 207 wiring 426 n-p 9 186 :onduits, metal : construction 558 9 208 grounding 428 f 9 188 installation 428 9 188 connections, ground 315 c-er 9 177 563 INDEX. Electrical code — Continued: sub j ects — Continued : constant potential systems : Sec. Chap. Page extra high 420 9 181 447 9 202 high . '. 420 9 181 444, 445 9 202 low 426 9 184 covers, water-prooif, for motors cut-outs : 208 f 9 174 enclosed fuse, construction 567 h 9 216 generally, construction 9 215 link fuse, construction 567 f 9 215 installation 208c 9 173 419 9 180 423 9 181 •• 425 a 9 184 protection of all wires in circuit 419a 9 180 required, when 201 d 9 170 202 e 9 171 208 c 9 173 209 a 9 175 423 9 181 425 a 9 184 433 a, 434 a 9 194 damp places; protection o/f constructions in.... 443 c 9 202 416 f 9 179 417 a 9 179 419 c 9 181 426 f , i, h 9 185 427 d 9 187 431b 9 193 ' 439 d 9 199 554 c 9 207 decorative lighting systems distance between conductors : 437 9 195 inside work 426 h, j 9 185 outside work 443 a 9 201 312 c,d 9 175 drip loops, entrance to buildings 312 f 9 176 685 d 9 228 dynamo rooms and stations dynamo and motor frames : .... 201-211 9 169 grounding 201 c 9 170 208 a 9 173 443 e 9 202 insulating 201 c 9 165 208 a 9 173 economy coils, arc lamps 433 9 194 electric cranes '443 9 201 electric gas lighting 564 687 9 231 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Electrical code — Continued: sub j ects — Continued : electric heaters 9 184 electric signs 423 d 9 182 583 9 228 elevator shaft wiring 416 g 9 179 emergency lights 438 a 9 195 emergency switches 424a 9 183 enclosed arc lights 421 9 181 433 9 194 enclosures : auto-starters 208 d 9 l‘/*T motors 9 174 equalizers : construction 578 9 226 installation 204 9 171 exit lights 438 a 9 195 extra high potential systems : defined 1 9 166 installation and maintenance 420 9 181 447 9 202 fished wires 426 c 9 184 fittings, materials and details of construction ... 548-583 9 203 fixture : canopies 430 a 9 192 supports 424 e 9 183 wire, construction 555 9 207 fixtures : construction 577 9 223 installation 424 e 9 183 426 v-q 9 187 flashers, sign 419 d 9 181 439 e 9 200 583 b 9 227 flexible cord : construction 9 205 border cables 551 9 205 elevator lighting and control cables 551 j 9 206 pendant lamps 551 9 205- portable heating apparatus 551k 9 206 portables, generally 551 9 206 theatre stage cable 551 9 206 use 9 193 flexible tubing: construction 9 211 installation 9 179 426 e 9 179 flush switchbox 9 210 fumes, acid: ( See Acid Fumes.) 565 INDEX. Electrical code — Continued: subj ects — Continued : fuses : enclosed plug and cartridge type link type installation i required capacity garages : defined electrical equipment gas lighting, electric generators : generally bushings for lead wires constant potential, protection . grounding of frame insulated platform insulation of frame location name plate terminal blocks ground connection : lightning arresters low potential circuits ground detectors, when required ground wires : armored cables interior conduits lightning arresters metal mouldings grounding : armored cable dynamo and generator frames interior conduits low potential circuits metal moulding motor frames grounds, testing Sec. Chap. Page 568 d-k 9 217 568 a-c 9 217 201 d 9 170 202 e 9 171 419 9 180 423 9 181 438 d, e 9 196 ,439 f 9 200 685 m 9 230 208 b 9 173 423 d, e 9 182 442 9 200 442 9 200 687 9 231 201 9 170 201 g 9 170 201 d 9 170 201c 9 170 201c 9 170 201c 9 170 201 a-b 9 170 201 e 9 170 201 f 9 170 205 c 9 172 685 1 9 229 315 c-g 9 177 207 a 9 172 427 c 9 187 428 f 9 188 205 c 9 172 6851 9 229 686 a 9 230 429 d 9 191 427 c 9 187 201c 9 170 428 f 9 188 315 9 176 429 d 9 191 208 a 9 173 207 9 172 688 9 231 426 e 9 184 425 9 184 guard strips, inside work heaters, electric (general use) 566 INDEX. Electrical code — Continued: Sec. Chap. Page subjects — Continued: high constant potential systems : defined 1 9 166 transformers 445 9 202 420 9 181 444 9 202 high constant potential systems, extra: defined 1 9 166 primary wires 447 9 202 secondary wires 448 9 203 incandescent lamp clusters 432 c 9 193 incandescent lamps : as resistances 204 b 9 172 on three wire systems 423 b 9 182 where inflammable vapors exist 431a 9 193 induction coils. ( See reactive coils.) inflammable outer braiding (wires) inside work : 202 b 9 171 general rules 416 9 178 419 9 180 allowable carrying capacity of wires, table. 418 9 179 cut-outs, circuit-breakers, switches, etc 419 9 180 circuit-breakers, switches, cut-outs, etc 419 9 180 switches, cut-outs, circuit-breakers, etc 419 9 180 underground conductors 417 9 179 wires 416 9 178 constant potential systems : automatic cut-outs 423 9 181 electric heaters 425 9 184 switches 424 9 183 low potential systems 426 9 184 arc lamps on constant potential circuits.... 433 9 194 armored cables 427 9 187 decorative lighting 437 9 195 electric cranes 443 9 201 economy coils 433 9 194 fixtures 430 9 192 flexible cord 432 9 193 interior conduits 428 9 188 lighting and power from railway wires 441 9 200 mercury vapor lamps 434 9 194 metal moulding 429 9 191 outline lighting 439 9 199 sockets 431 9 193 theatre and moving picture wiring 438 9 195 transformers 436 9 195 wires 426 9 184 inspections; department of water supply, gas and electricity 11 9 169 installation must be under license, special license or permit 6 9 168 5 67 INDEX. Electrical code — Continued: Sec. Chap. Page subj ects — Continued : insulating platforms at high-potential machines 201c 9 170 208 a 9 173 insulating joints: construction 576 9 223 when required 430 a 9 192 insulation of fixture canopies, when required 430 a 9 192 insulation resistance: completed systems 688 9 231 rubber-covered wire 550 d 9 204 testing 688 9 231 insulator spacing, inside work 426 h, j 9 185 interior conduits : construction 558 9 208 ground wires 428 f 9 188 installation 428 9 188 iron pipe to protect wires on side walls 426 e 9 184 joints : in conductors 312 e 9 126 416 c , # 178 insulating 576 9 223 junction and flush switch boxes : construction 559 9 209 installation 424 d 9 183 427 b 9 187 528 d 9 188 429 a 9 191 knife switches, construction 565 c-k 9 212 knob and tube work 426 q 9 187 knobs 564 9 211 knots in flexible cord required in sockets and rosettes 432 g 9 193 lamps : ( See Arc Lamps, Incandescent and vapor lamps.) license board, powers and duties 8 9 170 license for electricians : application 7 9 168 defined 1 9 167 examination for 8 9 168 fee 9 9 169 suspension or revocation 6 9 168 term ; modification : lighting : electric, gas 687 9 231 outline 439 9 199 lighting and power from railway wires 441 9 200 lighting system, decorative 437 9 195 lightning arresters : construction 582 9 227 grounding 205 c 9 172 6851 9 229 686 c 9 230 568 INDEX. Electrical code — Continued: subjects — Continued: lightning arresters — Continued: Sec. Chap. Page installation 205 9 172 685 m 9 229 686 c 9 230 low-potential circuits, grounding low potential systems : 315 9 176 defined ......... 1 9 167 installation and maintenance 426-439 a 9 184 lugs for terminal connections, when required 416 c 9 178 565 h 9 212 metal mouldings : 578 c 9 226 construction 560 c-h 9 210 grounding 429 d 9 191 installation 426 k-m 9 186 motors : 429 9 191 enclosures 208 f 9 174 waterproof covers moulding : 208 f 9 174 metal, construction 560 c-h 9 210 metal, grounding 429 d 9 191 metal, installation 426 k-m 9 186 429 9 191 not permitted in damp or wet places 4261 9 186 wires in 426 k-m 9 186 wood, installation prohibited moving picture equipments: 560 b 9 210 general use 438 u 9 198 home, lecture and similar purposes 438 v 9 199 multiple series systems 208 e 9 174 netting required on arc lamps, wire 421 9 181 433 a 9 194 neutral fuses omitted 423 a, b, d 9 181 oily waste 206 b 9 172 open wiring outlet boxes : 426 g-j 9 185 required for flush switches outlet boxes or plates : 424 d 9 183 to be used with armored cables 427 b 9 187 to be used with interior conduits 428 d 9 188 outlet, junction and flush switch boxes, construction 559 9 209 outline lighting 439 9 199 outside work 312-315 9 175 panel boards, construction pendants : 569 9 218 for use in hazardous places 432 d 9 193 rigid *. 431a 9 193 waterproof 431b 9 193 pipe hangers for incandescent lamps 569 431a 9 193 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Electrical code — Continued: subjects — Continued: portable : lamps, installation 432 d 9 193 lamps, motors, etc., conductors for 554 c 9 207 pot heads, installation 208 b 9 173 power from railway wires, lighting and 441 9 200 power, transformer and switch stations 201-211 9 170 primary batteries, storage or 210 9 175 protection : for gas outlet pipes 430 a 9 195 for motor equipments 208 d 9 174 for outlet wires 430 a 9 192 for wires on side walls or columns 426 e 9 184 protective devices on signaling circuits : construction 685 g, m 9 228 installation 685 g, j 9 228 railway power plants 209 9 175 railway wires as a source of supply for light and power 441 9 200 reactive coils and condensors 580 9 227 receptacles: ( See Sockets.) resistance boxes: ( See Rheostats.) resistance, insulation 688 9 231 resistances, used with constant potential arc lamps. 433 b 9 194 rheostats, resistance boxes and equalizers : construction 578 9 224 installation 204 9 171 208 c, d 9 173 roof, wires on 312 c 9 175 685 9 228 686 9 230 rosettes : construction 571 9 220 use 423 d 9 182 running boards : construction 426 e 9 184 where required 426 e 9 184 screws or nails to fasten cleats or knobs 416 b 9 178 series : arc lamps 421 9 181 433 a 9 194 multiple systems 208 e 9 174 433 a 9 194 service wires: automatic cut-outs for 423 a 9 181 grounding 315 b 9 177 in armored cables or conduit 427 a 9 187 428 b 9 188 no. 6 B. & S. gauge or smaller 312 b, f 9 175 overhead 312 9 175 313 a, b 9 176 570 INDEX. Electrical code — Continued : Sec. < Chap. Page sub j ect s — C ontinued: service wires — Continued : switches for 424 a 9 183 underground 313, a, b 9 176 417 9 179 signaling systems : 1 9 167 installation and maintenance 685 9 228 686 9 230 sign flashers 419 d 9 181 439 e 9 200 583 b 9 227 signs, electric : construction 583 9 227 switches for 424 c 9 183 snap-switches : construction 565 1-t 9 214 installation 424 b 9 183 sockets : construction 572 9 221 installation 431 9 193 439 g 9 200 use of in hazardous places 431 a, c 9 193 soldering ends of stranded wires 416 c 9 178 spark arresters : when required 433 c 9 194 special license for electricians : . application for 7 9 168 defined 1 9 167 examination for 8 9 168 fee 9 9 169 term, modification, suspension or revocation... 6 9 168 special permit : defined 1 9 167 fee 9 9 169 issue 6 9 168 splices and joints in wires 312 c 9 175 416 c 9 178 stations and dynamo rooms 201-211 9 165 stiff pendants for incandescent lamps 431a 9 193 storage or primary batteries 210 9 175 strips for protecting inside wires (See Guard Strips.) sub-bases, installation, with snap switches 424 e 9 183 switch boards 203 9 171 switch boxes: outlet junction and flush switch boxes, construction. 559 9 209 where required for flush switches 424 d 9 183 switches : construction, general rules 565 a, f 9 212 construction of knife switches 565 c-k 9 212 571 INDEX . Sec. Chap. Page Electrical code — Continued: subjects — Continued: switches — Continued : construction of snap switches 565 1-t 9 214 double-pole, when required 208 c 9 173 419 a 9 180 emergency 424 a 9 183 flush, installation 424 d 9 183 for use on constant-current systems 565 a, b 9 212 in damp places 419 c 9 181 indicating, when required 208 c 9 173 425 a 9 184 565 a, b 9 212 installation 419 9 180 424 9 183 must disconnect all wines of circuit 419 a 9 180 service 424 a 9 183 565 a 9 212 single-pole, when not permitted 208 c 9 173 423 a 9 181 424 c 9 183 425 a 9 184 single-throw requirements regarding mounting. . 424 b 9 183 snap, sub-base installed with 424 b 9 183 snap, when preferred 424 b 9 183 three way, considered as single-pole 424 c 9 183 time : 419 d 9 180 systems : extra high, constant-potential 420 9 181 447 9 202 high, constant-potential 420 9 181 444 9 202 445 9 202 low, constant potential 426 9 184 multiple series 208 e 9 174 series, multiple 208 e 9 174 signaling 685 9 228 686 9 230 telegraph apparatus, wireless 686 9 230 telegraph, telephone and signal circuits 685 9 228 686 9 230 terminal blocks of generators and motors 201 f 9 170 208 i 9 174 testing of grounds 207 9 172 testing of insulation, resistance of completed systems 688 9 231 theatre and moving picture wiring : auditorium 438 1 9 198 border and proscenium lights 438 a 9 195 bunches 4381 9 197 control for stage flues 438 i 9 197 curtain motors 438 h 9 197 572 INDEX . Electrical code — Continued: subjects — Continued: theatre and moving picture wiring — Continued: dressing rooms footlights lights on scenery moving picture equipments pin-plug connectors portable conductors portable equipment portable plugging boxes scene docks services special electrical effects stage stage and gallery pockets string or festoon lights strips switchboards tie wires tinning of wires, when required transformer stations transformers : construction grounding of secondaries installation, inside installation, outside trolley circuits, grounded, light and power from tubes and bushings, construction tubing, flexible: ( See Flexible Tubing.) underground conductors vapor lamps vapor-proof globes for incandescent lamps volt meter, switchboard, circuit for waste, oily, care of waterproof construction waterproof pendants wire : aluminum armored ( See Armored Cable.) concentric conduit construction, general rules fixture flexible: (See Flexible Cord.) lead covered netting or arc lamps Sec. Chap. Page 438 j 9 197 438 d 9 196 439 q 9 198 438 n, v 9 198 438 o 9 198 438 p 9 198 554 c 9 207 438 k 9 197 438 n 9 198 438 g 9 197 438 a 9 195 438 s 9 198 438 b 9 196 438 f 9 196 438 r 9 198 438 m 9 197 438 c 9 196 416 b 9 178 550 a 9 204 201-211 9 170 581 9 226 315 b 9 177 211 9 175 436 9 195 445 9 202 314 a 9 176 441 9 200 561 9 211 417 * 9 179 434 9 194 431a 9 193 202 1 e 9 168 206 b 9 172 426 i, j 9 185 431b 9 195 418 a 9 179 556 c 9 207 553 9 207 549 9 203 552 9 206 550 c 9 205 421 9 181 433 c 9 194 573 INDEX. Electrical code — Continued: subjects — Continued: wire — Continued: rubber-covered ■ slow-burning slow-burning, use of, in dry places slow-burning weatherproof weatherproof wireless telegraph apparatus wires : carrying capacity table concealed “knob and tube" work prohibited.... conduit work constant-potential systems, extra high voltage.. entering buildings fished in attics in conduits, alternating systems in elevator shafts, installation in metal moulding, alternating current systems. in stations and dynamo rooms inside work, general rules insulated, general rules joints and splices in lead covered moulding work number allowed in one conduit on exterior walls of buildings on highways on roofs open work, damp places open work, dry places outside protection against mechanical injury... protection in crossing wires and pipes rheostat service signal spacing of, inside work Sec. Chap. Page 550 9 204 556 9 207 426 g 9 185 555 9 207 557 9 208 686 9 230 418 9 179 426 q 9 187 426 n-p 9 186 426 9 184 312 f 9 177 426 c 9 184 426 f 9 185 426 p 9 187 427 g 9 188 416 g 9 179 426 m 9 186 429 e 9 192 202 9 170 416 9 178 549 9 203 312 e 9 176 416 c 9 178 202 a 9 170 208 b 9 173 426 k-m 9 186 426 p 9 187 312 d 9 176 312 a 9 175 312 9 175 685 9 228 686 9 230 416 f 9 179 426 i-j 9 185 426 g, h 9 185 312 9 175 313 9 176 426 e 9 184 416 e 9 179 204 c 9 171 312 b, f 9 175 313 a, b 9 176 685 d 9 228 685 9 229 686 9 230 426 h 9 185 426 j 9 185 312 c,d 9 175 spacing of, outside work 574 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Electrical code — Continued: subjects — Continued: wires — C ontinued : stranded 416 c 9 178 supporting of, in vertical conduit 426 a 9 184 t i e 416 b 9 178 trolley wires lighting and power from 441 9 200 twin, when permitted 426 d 9 184 underground 417 a-d 9 179 when considered exposed to moisture 426 f 9 185 yard, not considered service wires 424 a 9 183 wiring: electric cranes 443 a 9 201 theatre and moving pictures 438 9 195 wooden mouldings : installation, prohibited • • 560 b 9 210 yard wires, not considered service wires 424 a 9 183 Electrical perils, safeguarding explosives and hazardous trade against - 7 10 236 Electric fuses : ( See Blasting Caps.) Electric light and power stations: current for light, heat and power : supplying, restriction 12 9 169 discontinuing, requirement 13 9 169 permit to store hazardous materials, fee 43 10 240 Electric signs : definition 215 23 468 application of general sign regulations 215 23 468 construction : generally 583 9 227 roof 213 23 467 wall 214 23 467 permit to erect, fee 215 23 468 restrictions 215 23 468 wiring and appliances : jurisdiction 211 23 466 requirements 583 9 227 Electric wiring and appliances (light, heat and power) : definitions 1 9 166 exemptions : Federal buildings 3 9 167 plants of public service corporations 5 9 167 installation, alteration or repair: construction: (See Specific Subject.) controlled by department of water supply, gas and electricity 6 9 168 in city buildings 4 9 167 in Federal buildings 3 9 167 in plants of public service corporations 5 9 167 575 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Electric wiring and appliances (light, heat and power) — Continued: installation, alteration or repair — Continued: inspection, department of water supply, gas and elec- tricity : authorized 2 9 167 certificate 11 9 169 inspectors, right of entry 10 9 169 restriction as to making 6 9 168 rules and regulations 2 9 167 under : license 1 9 167 special license 1 9 167 special permit 1 9 167 use : current supplying 12 9 169 discontinuing current 13 9 169 violations, punishment 700 9 231 Elevated railroads: cuspidors on station platforms 2 19 359 protection of streets beneath 1 19 359 stands or booths under stairways to 149 23 455 Elevators : classified 560 5 134 allowable number in shaft 373 5 106 freight : defined 560 5 134 installation or alteration 562 5 135 inspection and certificate 562-565 5 135 notice against passenger use 566 5 136 passengers upon, prohibited 566 5 136 repairs to 562 5 135 passenger : defined 560 5 134 accidents to 568 5 136 inspection and certificate 565 5 135 installation or alteration 562 5 135 maintenance and operation 567 5 136 operators of, qualifications 567 5 136 record of 564 5 135 repairs to 562 5 135 rules, maintenance and operation 561 5 134 Elevator shafts: defined 370 5 105 electric wiring in 416 g 9 179 enclosure of 373 5 106 gates and trapdoors 374 5 108 machinery compartment opening into 373 5 106 number of elevators allowed in 373 5 106 576 INDEX . Sec. Chap. Page Emergency lights, electrical 438 a 9 195 Emergency switches 424 a 9 183 Employees: (See Officers and Employees of City.) Encroachments: (See Projections and Encroachments.) Enforcement of code, punishment for violations not other wise specified 10 27 502 Equalizers, electrical. (See Electrical Code.) Essential oils : defined 1 10 233 storage and sale: fee for permit 43 10 240 regulated 255 10 285 restrictions 256 10 285 Essex market, location of 22 15 336 Excavation for new buildings : protection of adjoining property 230 5 81 safeguards required 230 5 81 Excavations in streets : barriers, guards and lights for private purposes 3 23 438 permit : required 90 23 446 fees, Richmond 97 23 448 public service corporations, notice to a 94 23 447 replacement of pavement a 96 23 448 restoration of pavement: deposit to cover cost j 91 23 446 duty of borough president 96 23 448 restrictions, Richmond .1 92 23 446 rock refills : 96 23 448 workmen, qualifications of 4 93 23 447 public service corporations to safeguard their property against 94 23 447 public works, notice to public service corporations 94 23 447 responsibility for damages caused by a 4 23 439 safeguards required for 3 23 438 streets may be temporarily closed for 1 23 438 unsafe conditions due to, notice j 2 23 438 violations of provisions relating to, duty of police j Excelsior (See Combustible Fibers.) 98 23 449 Exhibition buildings : classification 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 details: (See Specific Subjects, Building Code.) Exhibitions: (See Amusements and Exhibitions.) Exhibitions in parks, permit required 12 17 348 Exit facilities : (See Exits.) Exit lights, electric 438 a 9 195 577 INDEX . Exits : generally : definitions alterations of diagrams of, posting doorways and doors exterior stairways existing buildings fire escapes fire towers hallways horizontal jurisdiction lighting number obstruction of, prohibited signs and red lights buildings of a public character motion picture theatres theatres obstruction of : buildings of a public character motion picture theatres theatres posting, diagrams of, in: hotels, lodging houses and institutions motion picture theatres theatres Explosive article: ( See Explosives and Hazardous Trades.) Explosive compound : ( See Explosives and Hazardous Trades.) Explosive mixture: ( See Explosives and Hazardous Trades.) Explosives and hazardous trades : construction of provisions relating to definitions electrical perils, safeguards against enumeration : acids acetylene gas alcohols ammunition barbers’ supplies black powder blasting caps blasting powder calcium carbide coal tar products collodion combustible mixtures confectioners’ supplies distilled liquors, spirits drug or chemical supply house Sec. Chap. Page 150 160 159 158 154 161 162 155 157 156 161 159 152 159 159 490 503 527 491 159 34 527 . 21 34 527 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 12 3 5 69 73 73 73 72 73 74 72 73 72 73 73 69 73 73 122 124 122 73 37 128 301 37 128 2 10 235 1 10 232 7 10 236 43 10 240 212 10 277 250-253 10 284 80,81 10 253 43 10 240 68 10 250 67 10 249 68 10 250 205-207 10 274 110 10 259 43 10 240 140-142 10 266 43 10 240 250-253 10 284 270-279 10 286 578 INDEX. Explosives and hazardous trades — Continued: enumeration — Continued ; drug stores: wholesale retail dynamite electric blasting caps electric light and power stations essential oils fire crackers fireworks fuel oil garage gases under pressure gas fixture factories gun cotton hydro-carbons illuminating oils inflammable mixtures inflammable motion picture film kerosene liquors liquified chlorine lubricating oils machine oils matches motion picture film (inflammable) motor-vehicle repair shop nickel-plating plants nitro-cellulose products nitro-glycerine oils and fats oils, mineral oxygen blow-pipes paints, oils and varnishes petroleum photo-engravers powder refrigerating plants rubber cement safety fuel smokeless powder soda water and carbonated beverages., soluble cotton technical establishments theatre buildings restricted against volatile inflammable oils Federal government, exemption fees : certificates permits Sec. Chap. Page 270-279 10 286 290-293 10 291 62 10 245 67 10 249 43 10 240 43 10 241 90-95 10 254 90-95 10 254 110-117 10 259 150-159 10 267 210-214 a 10 275 43 10 241 61 10 245 110 10 259 110-117 10 259 130-132 10 263 240-246 10 283 110-117 10 259 250-253 10 280 214 a 10 278 116 10 262 116 10 262 100-103 10 257 240-246 10 283 170-171 10 270 43 10 242 230-234 10 281 61 10 245 255, 256 10 285 110-117 10 259 213 10 278 200-202 10 273 110-117 10 259 43 10 243 68 10 250 216-221 10 280 43 10 243 67 10 249 68 10 250 214 10 278 61 10 245 230 10 281 260-262 10 285 536 5 13 3 114 10 261 3 10 236 42 10 239 43 10 240 579 INDEX. Explosives and hazardous trades — Continued: Sec. Chap. Page fees — Continued: charitable institutions, not required to pay fee 45 10 244 special permits 44 10 244 disposition of 6 10 236 jurisdiction of fire commissioner: certificate of approval 22 10 238 fitness 21 10 237 registration 23 10 238 inspection of certificates or permits 27 10 238 modification of regulations 25 10 238 permits 24 10 238 special permits 25 10 238 magazines for explosives 63 10 246 manufacture • of explosives 62 10 245 marking 62 10 245 packing 62 10 245 requirements : bonds, general provisions 40 10 . 239 schedule 41 10 239 electrical peril safeguards 7 10 236 fees, certificates 42 10 239 permits 11 10 236 fire extinguishing equipment 9 10 236 permits ( See Specific Subject) 43 10 240 restrictions: ( See Specific Subject.) revenues, fees and fines, disposition of 6 10 236 seizure of contraband explosives 5 10 236 storage and sale of explosives : bond 41 10 239 generally 61 10 245 magazines 63 10 246 fuses and caps 67 10 249 powder (black, blasting, smokeless) 68 10 250 supervision 61 10 245 transportation of explosives: generally 61 10 245 by vehicle 64 10 248 by vessel 65 10 248 port regulations 65 10 248 reports of deliveries 66 10 249 supervision, explosives 61 10 245 unapproved types or brands of explosives, prohibited 61 10 245 use of explosives, blasting 69 10 251 violations 300 10 394 Expresses : definition 60 14 313 license required 1 14 307 fee 61 14 313 licensed drivers required 62 14 313 proprietor to give bond 63 14 313 regulation of charges 64 14 313 580 INDEX . Sec. Chap. Page Expressmen : license required 1 14 307 fee 62 14 313 Exterior hoists : classification of 70 14 314 license, required 1 14 307 fee 70 14 314 warning signs 71 14 314 Exterior stairways : ( See Building Code.) construction 154 5 72 fire-proofing 154 5 72 Extra-high potential system ( See Electrical Code.) F. F., signifies “Fahrenheit” 1 10 233 Factories and factory buildings : definition of factory: generally 1 20 362 utensils for food and drink 143 20 392 classification 70 5 58 cleanliness 55 20 374 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 details: ( See Specific Subjects, Building Code.) specially : fireproof shutters and doors 375 5 108 boiler-rooms, ladders from 152 5 69 fire-alarm system 20 12 301 fire-extinguishing appliances : generally 20 12 301 buildings over 85 feet in height 581 5 137 heating facilities 55 20 374 lights : adequacy 55 20 374 protection of 23 12 302 occupancy, over-crowding 56 20 375 restrictions, explosives and hazardous trades : ( See Specific Subject.) sanitary requirements, generally 55 20 374 spitting in, prohibited 213 20 406 theatre buildings not to be occupied by 535 5 133 towels, common use 214 20 406 utensils for food and drink 143 20 392 ventilation 55 20 375 Factors of safety, determination of 50 5 53 Fairs and exhibitions, construction of buildings for 479 5 121 Farcy: animals afflicted with, disposition 3 20 366 cases to be reported by owners of animals 3 20 366 veterinarians to report cases of 3 20 366 581 INDEX. Farmers: Sec. Chap. Page market licenses 50 15 340 wagons 51 15 341 peddlers’ licenses not required by 130 14 326 privileges in Wallabout Market 31 15 338 Fat, rendering, regulated 324 20 422 329 20 423 Feathers : blowing about of loose, prevention 253 20 415 Federal government, officers and buildings : exempt from operation of : electrical control regulations 3 9 167 explosives and hazardous trades, regulations 3 10 236 Fees : city officers pay no fees for explosive permits 4 10 236 disposition of fees for explosive permits 6 10 236 Fences : construction, generally 477 5 120 partition 210 5 79 temporarv construction 192 5 77 wooden 477 5 120 Ferris wheel : a common show 60 3 40 construction and operation 560-568 5 134 Ferry-boat, spitting prohibited in 213 20 405 Ferry-house, towel service in lavatories 214 20 405 Ferrv terminals, included in “waterfront property” 1 1 9 Fertilizers, manufacture prohibited 324 20 422 Filling in land, dead animals or other offensive materials must not be used in 252 20 415 Filling in walls, frame buildings 473 5 120 Fines and penalties : disposition of, generally 5 2 15 explosive violations 6 10 236 Fire alarm telegraph : injury to or defacement of apparatus 5 12 299 unauthorized or unnecessary use of 5 12 299 Fire alarms: fire department connection 20 12 301 interior or building systems 21 12 301 Fire apparatus, use of park drives 33 17 351 Firearms : cannon fifing, regulated 4 11 297 carrying or keeping pistols, permits 1 11 295 discharging prohibited, generallv 2 11 295 in parks 17 17 349 where permitted 2 11 295 sale of toy-pistols, prohibited 3 11 296 violations 5 11 297 Fire axes: ( See Fire Extinguishing Appliances.) 582 INDEX. Firebacks : ^ec. Chap. construction 393 5 heaters in 393 5 mantels, attachment to 393 5 Fireboards, construction 393 5 Fire commissioner: bond of , 270 2 jurisdiction : explosives and combustibles .. 10 fire extinction . . 12 fire prevention . . 12 harbor fires 1 12 motion picture theatres, construction 33 3 fire extinguishing equipment... 36 3 theatres 537 5 unlawful signs 217 23 Firecrackers: ( See Fireworks.) Fire department: ( See Departments, Bureaus, Boards and Commissions; Fires.) exemption as to parades 38 24 reinstatement of employees 10 16 right of way of apparatus and men 15 24 speed regulations, exemption 17 24 uniformed force: members, dismissed or reduced; hearing or rehear- ing of charges or causes therefor 5 18 reinstatement of members 10 16 theatre duty 8 3 Fire doors : automatic, defined 370 5 covering exterior openings 375 5 fire commissioner may require 20 12 night closing of 375 5 self-closing defined 370 5 testing and approving 376 5 Fire drills in schools, interference with 22 12 Fire-escapes : buildings requiring, generally 162 5 motion picture theatres 503 5 theatres 527 5 incumbering : penalty 162 5 policemen and firemen to report 162 5 windows or doors opening upon, fire protection 375 5 Fire-extinguishing appliances : generally 580 5 20 12 special requirements : apartment houses 20 12 asylums 20 12 boarding-houses 20 12 churches 20 12 Page 112 112 112 112 28 232 298 298 298 37 38 134 469 472 345 478 479 358 345 33 105 108 301 108 105 109 302 74 124 128 74 74 108 136 301 301 301 301 301 583 INDEX. Fire-extinguishing appliances — Continued : special requirements — Continued : hospitals hotels lodging houses manufactories motion picture theatres music halls office buildings places of instruction, amusement or worship schools stores theatres tenement houses warehouses standpipes Fire hooks (See Fire extinguishing appliances.) Fire hose, protection of Fire houses : classification construction : generally details: ( See Specific Subjects, Building Code.) Fire hydrants : obstruction of opening or tampering with Fire limits : Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens suburban Firemen : details to theatres and places of amusement reports of incumbered fire-escapes hospital care and treatment Fire partition : defined construction Fire places : construction notice of installation or alteration Fire prevention: generally ashes charitable institutions ; waiver of fees for permits under chap. 12 chimneys and flues elevators in certain buildings in readiness explosives and hazardous trades: (See Specific Explo- sives or Trade.) exterior openings, protection of Sec. Chap. Page 20 12 301 20 12 301 20 12 301 20 12 301 36 3 38 20 12 301 20 12 301 20 12 301 20 12 301 20 12 301 524 5 127 20 12 301 20 12 301 580 5 136 3 12 299 - 70 5 58 71-73 5 58 4 12 299 4 12 299 90 5 60 90 5 60 90 5 60 90 5 60 91 5 64 8 3 33 162 5 74 5 13 306 370 5 105 372 5 106 393 5 112 390 5 110 20 12 301 29 12 304 32 12 305 30 12 304 20 a 12 301 375 5 108 584 INDEX. Fire prevention — Continued : Sec. Chap. Page factories 20 12 301 fire-alarm equipment fire-extinguishing appliances : 20,21 12 301 generally specifically: ( See Fire-extinguishing Appliances.) fireproof construction and fireproofing: ( See Building Code.) fire stop: (See Building Code.) 20 12 301 hotels, lodging houses, hospitals and other institutions.. 20,21 12 301 lights 23 12 301 motion picture theatres 35 3 37 schools, fire drills 22 12 301 smoking, cigars, etc 26 12 303 stables and barns storage : 27 12 304 combustible fiber 24 12 302 wooden packing boxes, etc theatres: (See Specific Subject, Building Code.) 25 12 303 vessels, to be equipped with spark arresters 30 a 12 304 violations, punishment Fireproof buildings : 31 12 304 defined 71 5 58 construction 350-358 5 99 protection of shafts in Fireproof construction : 373 5 ... approvals 358 5 104 exterior windows 357 5 104 floors and roofs 354 5 101 interior finish 356 5 104 iron and steel work 351 5 9 masonry 352 5 101 partitions 355 5 103 reinforced concrete 353 5 101 structures required to be 72 5 59 walls 350 5 99 Fireproof floors, classification and specifications of 354 5 101 Fireproofing appliances and materials, test and approval Fireproof shutters and doors: 376 5 109 buildings requiring 375 5 108 construction 375 5 108 use, night closing 375 5 108 Fire retarding materials, defined Fires : 1 10 233 chimney and flue 30 12 304 elevators in certain buildings, in readiness 20 a 12 301 extinguishing apparatus, park restriction 33 17 350 false alarms 5 12 299 fire alarm telegraph 5 12 299 fire hydrants, protection 4 12 299 harbor or vessel <.... 1 12 298 hose protection at 3 12 299 585 INDEX. Fires — Continued : Sec. Chap. Page removal of idle or suspicious persons from scenes of... 2 12 298 right of way of apparatus going to 15 24 478 street, permits required for 6 12 300 vessels, to be equipped with spark arresters 30 a 12 304 violations 8 12 300 Fire shutters : construction 375 5 108 testing and approving 376 5 109 use, night closing of 375 5 108 Fire-stops, frame buildings 284 5 92 Fire towers : required, where 152 5 69 construction 155 5 72 Fire walls : defined 370 5 105 construction 37! 5 105 Fire windows, wire glass required in 376 5 109 Fire wood, sale regulated 32 26 483 Fireworks : defined 1 10 233 firecrackers : fees for permits relating to 43 10 241 warehouse storage 92 10 255 manufacture : bond 41 10 239 fee for permit 43 10 241 generally 90 10 254 prohibited types 90, 91 10 254 storage, sale and transportation : fee for permit 43 10 241 fire crackers, warehouse storage 92 10 255 requirements 92 10 255 restrictions 92 10 255 types, prohibited, local trade 93 10 256 foreign trade 94 10 256 use or discharge of: bond required 41 10 239 permit necessary 95 10 257 fee for permit 43 10 241 Fourth of July 95 10 257 prohibited in parks 17 17 342 restrictions 95 10 257 violations, punishment 300 10 294 Firm, included in “person” 119 Fish: defined 1 20 362 inspection 136 20 389 spoiled, condemnation and destruction 137 20 389 Fishing in park waters 14 17 342 Fish trade: ( See Fish.) structures on water-front property 32 8 157 water rates for stands 21 25 487 586 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Fittings, materials and details of construction: ( See Elec- trical Code.) Fixtures, electrical: ( See Electrical Code.) Flags, red or black, display of, prohibited 24 23 441 Flashers, sign : ( See Electrical Code.) Flax : ( See Combustible Fibers.) Flexible cord, electrical use: ( See Electrical Code.) Flexible tubing: ( See Electrical Code.) Floating docks, construction and maintenance 34 8 158 Floor area, defined 150 5 69 Floor lights, construction 444 5 Floor loads : generally 53 5 56 business buildings 55 5 57 Floor openings : ( See Floors.) Floors : cellar 441 5 118 construction safeguards 195 5 78 ducts in, fireproofing 402 5 114 fireproof 354 5 101 lights in 444 5 119 protection of openings in 196 5 78 safe loads : business buildings 55 5 57 generally 53 5 56 smokepipes through 403 5 115 Florists, water rents 21 25 453 Flower-pots, prohibited on window ledges 250 23 472 Flue-fires, punishment for permitting 30 12 304 Flues : defined 390 5 110 classified ^ 390 5 110 construction : generally 392 5 111 chimney 392 5 111 lining 392 5 111 underground smoke, construction 396 5 vent 401 5 114 fires in 30 12 304 installation or alteration notice 390 5 110 maintenance 392 5 111 on adjoining property, raising 392 5 111 Flushing bridge (Queens), location 1 4 43 Food : defined 1 20 362 71 20 376 adulterated, defined and sale prohibited 139 20 390 blends, brands and compounds of 139 20 390 brands 139 20 390 compounds 139 20 390 587 INDEX. Food — Continued: Sec. Chap. Page cold storage: defined 71 20 376 mark required 72 20 376 period of, permitted 73 20 376 re-storage prohibited 74 20 376 seller must disclose character 75 20 376 condemnation and destruction of unfit 137 20 389 confectionery, adulteration 139 20 390 cooking utensils, care 144 20 392 dairy products, adulterated or unwholesome 151 20 393 deleterious, poisonous or unwholesome substances in... 141 20 391 eggs 331 20 423 false name or quality 140 20 391 gelatin : adulterated or misbranded 178 20 401 defined 178 20 401 illness caused by unfit, report required 93 20 380 imitations 139 20 390 manufacture of : employees to be free from venereal disease 146 20 392 processes to accord with health regulations 148 20 393 premises to be clean and wholesome 147 20 393 sidewalk displays of 142 20 391 storage place of 148 20 393 stores and other places selling, maintenance 151 20 393 utensils used in preparing or serving 144 20 392 Footings of foundations, specifications 233 5 82 Footing stones ( See Footings of Foundations.) Foreign electrical currents, safeguards against . 685.686 9 228 Foundation piers and caissons, constructions 234 5 83 Foundations of buildings: construction, generally 232 5 82 excavations for 230 5 81 footings 233 5 82 grillages 233 5 82 metal work in protection 232 5 82 piers and caissons 234 5 83 pile construction 235 5 83 soil, bearing capacity 231 5 82 walls 236 5 84 Foundation walls, construction 236 5 84 Foundrv cupolas, construction of 395 5 113 Fourth of July, discharge of fireworks on 95 10 257 Fowl : keeping, killing or selling; permit . 19, 20 20 368-369 meager, sickly or unwholesome, sale prohibited 160 20 396 sale of, requirements as to condition 34 26 498 slaughtering, permit 325 20 422 Frame buildings: defined 71 5 58 alteration 480 5 121 588 INDEX. Frame buildings — Continued: construction : area bay windows generally enlarging extending fire limit restriction height increasing height lot area, allowable use for moving repair of suburban constructions temporary to fill out frame row Framing or connecting, iron or steel construction Freezing, precautions against, brick work Freight elevators : ( See Elevators.) Fresh Kills bridge (Richmond), location Fruit skins : must not be thrown on sidewalks venders to post notices concerning Fuel oil : defined storage, general requirements permit fee transportation and delivery Funerals : infectious disease victims public or church, infectious disease Furnaces : classified installation or alteration, notice required Furnished room houses, exits Furring, in walls Fuses, electrical : ( See Electrical Code.) Fuses and caps, explosive : manufacture prohibited storage, transportation and sale : general G. Gambling, in parks Gansevoort market, location of Garage : defined : building construction explosives and hazardous trades Sec. Chap. Page 471 5 119 480 5 121 . 470-481 5 119 92 5 66 480 5 121 . 90, 91 5 60 470 5 119 480 5 121 471 5 119 94 5 66 93 5 66 91 5 64 478 5 121 96 5 66 304 5 94 251 5 85 1 4 43 12 22 434 12 22 434 1 10 234 . 111.112 10 257 43 10 241 113 10 259 102 20 381 103 20 381 391 5 110 390 5 110 152 5 69 262 5 90 67 10 249 67 10 249 17 17 349 24 15 357 5 45 1 10 234 589 INDEX. Garage — Continued: classification permit required for, exemption fee construction : generally in buildings classified as dwellings exits storage : without storage tanks fire prevention requirements in buildings having dwelling occupancies lighting system public garage : defined, generally departure and arrival of cars and chauffeurs, record storage garage : permit : required, exemption fee construction oil separators restrictions supervision storage system supplying vehicles Garbage : defined accumulations of, prohibited carrying through streets casting into streets collection and removal of : by street cleaning department by private agencies required deposits of, interference with public waters to be kept free of receptacles : required interference with transportation : Barren island service vehicles, care of vessels, restrictions Garden produce : docks for vessels transporting market facilities for raisers of Sec. Chap. Page 70 5 58 150 10 267 43 10 241 71-73 5 58 154 10 267 152 5 69 152 10 267 159 10 269 154 10 268 158 10 269 442 9 200 108 14 322 108 14 322 150 10 267 43 10 241 152 10 267 155 10 268 150 10 267 153 10 267 156 10 268 157 10 268 1) 20 362 242 20 412 240 20 412 10 22 417 248 20 413 250 20 415 243-245 20 400 11 22 434 122 8 165 248 20 413 249 20 415 238 20 411 244 20 413 245 20 413 14 8 155 50 15 340 50 15 340 51 15 341 wagons, transporting 590 INDEX. Gas (illuminating) : Sec. Chap. Page installation of appliances for use : generally 600-603 5 137 electric lighting devices 687 9 231 piping 600 5 137 shut off valves 601 5 138 tests of piping 603 5 138 manufacture : generally 333 20 424 sewer protection 333 20 424 vapors, escape of injurious 333 20 424 poisoning by, reports of cases 92 20 379 Gas appliances, installation: electric lighting 687 9 231 generally 600-603 5 137 Gases under pressure: acetylene : permit to compress, store or sell 210 10 275 fee 43 10 241 requirements and restrictions 212 10 277 Blaugas, generally 210 10 275 generally : permit to compress, store or sell 210 10 275 fee 43 10 241 requirements and restrictions 211 10 275 Pintsch gas, generally 210 10 275 liquified chlorine, generally 214 a 10 278 soda water and carbonated beverages, generally 214 10 278 use in the trades: approved appliances required 213 10 278 oxygen blow-pipes 213 10 278 portable generators 213 10 278 Gas fixtures, fee for permit to manufacture 43 10 241 Gasoline: (See Volatile Inflammable Oils.) Gas plants, sanitary construction 333 20 424 Gas producers : classified 391 5 110 installation or alteration of, notice required 390 5 110 Gates : areaway 161 23 461 cellar 164 23 462 grade crossing 32 19 353 Geese : keeping, yarding 11 20 367 killing, selling 19 20 368 Gender, masculine, includes others 2 5 45 Generators, electrical 201 9 170 German measles, reports of cases 86 20 378 Girders in buildings: iron or steel 303 5 94 wood 280 5 91 591 INDEX. Glanders : Sec. Chap. Page animals afflicted with, disposition 3 20 366 cases to be reported by owners of animals 3 20 366 in humans, cases to be reported 86 20 378 veterinarians to report cases 2 20 366 Glass and glassware : must not be cast about upo'n beaches and parks 3a 27 500 in streets 10 22 433 253 23 473 Glue-making, restrictions 324 20 422 Goats, keeping or yarding 11 20 367 Gold, dealing in second-hand articles of 40 14 310 Gonorrhea, cases to be reported Gradients : 88 20 378 motion picture theatres 502 5 123 theatres 527 5 128 Grain elevators : classified construction : 70 5 58 generally 71-73 5 58 Grand avenue and concourse, Bronx traffic regulation 37 a 24 484 Grand street bridge (Newtown creek), location Granite: ( See Building Materials.) Grasses: ( See Combustible Fibers.) 1 4 43 Gravel, bearing capacity 231 5 82 Greenhouses, construction 479 5 121 Greenpoint avenue bridge (Newtown creek), location 1 4 43 Grillage beams, foundation construction 233 5 82 Grillages, in foundations Ground connection : {See Electrical Code.) 233 5 82 Ground detectors, when required Grounding: {See Electrical Code.) Ground signs : {See Signs and Show-bills.) Ground wires, electrical: {See Electrical Code.) 207 a 9 172 Grounds, testing 207 9 172 688 9 232 Guard strips, inside electrical work 426 e 9 184 Guncotton : defined 1 10 234 storage, sale, use or possession : permit required 61 10 245 fee {See Explosives) 43 10 240 restrictions 231 10 290 Gut cleaning, prohibited 324 20 422 Gutters (roof), construction and maintenance 422 5 116 Gutters (street) : construction 63 23 443 removal of dirt from 17 22 435 Gymnasium, responsibility for public health and safety in... 592 57 20 375 INDEX. Habit-forming drugs : Sec * Cha P- Pa S e defined 126 20 386 distribution or sale 126 20 386 label statement 116 20 382 Hacks, cabs, taxicabs and sight-seeing cars : defined, respectively 80 14 315 exception 81 14 315 commissioner of licenses controls 82 14 315 driver’s license: application 90 14 317 applicant’s photograph 92 14 318 examination 91 14 318 fee 96 14 319 form and term 93 14 318 record 98 14 319 renewal 95 14 318 revocation 97 14 319 suspension 97 14 319 licensed driver’s badge 94 14 318 licensed vehicles, inspection 88 14 317 licenses for vehicles : application 83 14 316 fees 86 14 316 inspection 84 14 316 license card and plate 85 14 316 register 87 14 317 revocation 89 14 317 suspension 89 14 317 park restrictions 34 17 351 passengers’ property found in 107 14 322 public garages : defined 108 14 322 record of cars and chauffeurs 108 14 322 rates of fare: generally 102 14 321 overcharge 105 14 322 prepayment 103 14 321 settlement of disputed 104 14 322 taximeters 101 14 322 soliciting, passengers, “cruising” 106 14 322 stands : designation 99 14 319 former, abolished 99 14 319 regulation of hacks at 100 14 '320 taximeters, requirements as tc/ 101 14 320 violations ; punishment 109 14 323 Hair, blowing about of loose 253 20 415 brushes and hair cloth, manufacture and sale of 230 20 409 Hair dyes, sale and distribution 128 20 385 Hallways, dimensions 157 5 73 Hamilton avenue bridge (Brooklyn) location 1 4 42 593 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Hand bills : depositing in letter-boxes 15 22 434 must not be thrown about in: parks 13 17 348 streets, yards or vestibules 15 22 434 Hand-organs : license required 1 14 307 fee 170 14 330 operation restricted 170 14 330 Harbor (Port of New York) : fires, jurisdiction 1 12 298 obstructions to navigation 120 8 165 polluting or fouling waters 122 8 165 Hardpan, bearing capacity 231 5 82 Harway avenue bridge (Brooklvn) location 1 4 43 Hawkers: ( See Peddlers, Hawkers, and Venders.) Hay and straw: ( See Combustible Fibers.) Hazardous trades: ( See Explosives and Hazardous Trades.] Head of department; acting designation 7 1 13 Health department : jurisdiction : generally: ( See Sanitary Code.) motion-picture theatres 33 3 37 officers and employees, interfering with or obstructing. . 186 20 403 Hearses, park restriction 33 17 350 Heaters in fire-places, construction 393 5 112 Heating apparatus: alteration in, notice to bureau of buildings 390 5 110 ducts 402 5 . . . fire-places 393 5 112 heat producing devices 391 5 110 hot air 400-402 5 114 hot water 404 5 . . . i metal smokestacks 394 5 112 ranges and stoves 397 5 113 registers 400 5 114 smoke pipes 403 5 . . . steam 404 5 115 underground flues 396 5 113 vent flues 401 5 114 Heaters, electric; installation 425 9 184 Heat-producing apparatus, classified 391 5 110 Height of building: defined 2 5 45 raising or lowering, to grade 623 5 139 Height of wall, defined 250 5 85 Hemp : ( See combustible fibres.) Hides : curing 324 20 422 dressing and tanning 328 20 423 594 INDEX. High constant-potential systems: ( Sec Electrical Code.) Highway, included within “street” Hoistways, interior : fireproofing Gates and guards safeguards against accidents Hoistways, within stoop lines; authorization Hollow brick, wall lining Hollow building blocks : classes and specifications fireproof construction masonry construction partitions Hollow walls, construction Homes for children : cases of infectious disease : patients to be isolated reports required Hook-worm disease, cases to be reported Horizontal exit: defined construction Horse racing: permitted : Harlem speedway Ocean parkway prohibited in streets generally Horses : contagiously diseased, keeping or importing dead in street, identification tag flesh of, use as food obstruction of sidewalk by skinning, regulated slaughter for food stray, impounding troughs for watering yarding Horses, care of Horse troughs, charges for water supply Hose connections, to buildings Hospitals : alarm connection with fire department classification construction : generally details: (5V? Specific Subjects, Building Code.) diagram of exits, halls, stairways and fire-escapes.. discharge of fireworks near establishment and maintenance of, private exits fire-extinguishing appliances Sec. Chap. Page 1 1 9 373 5 106 374 5 108 374 5 108 148 23 455 262 5 90 29 5 52 351 5 99 254 5 87 355 5 103 260 5 90 96 20 380 91 20 379 86 20 378 150 5 69 156 5 72 38 17 352 39 17 352 34 24 483 4 20 366 9 20 367 327 20 422 312 20 42 Cv . 323,324 20 422 327 20 422 2 27 499 44 25 490 44 25 490, 11 20 367 11 24 474 21 25 433 170 5 74 20 12 301 70 5 58 . 71-73 5 58 21 12 301 95 10 256 220 20 407 152 5 69 20 12 30 595 INDEX. Hospitals — Continued: Sec. Chap. Page firemen, care and treatment 5 13 306 infectious diseases : cases to be reported 86 20 378 patients to be isolated 96 20 380 interior fire alarms 21 12 301 lights, safeguards 23 12 302 patients : disposition of bodies of dead 2 13 306 emergency cases 1 13 306 incurable 2 13 306 insane 3 13 306 non-resident 4 13 306 policemen, care and treatment 5 13 306 protection from noises 131 23 451 puerperal septicaema, reports of cases 91 20 379 suppurative conjunctivitis, reports of cases 91 20 379 venereal diseases to be reported 86 20 378 watchmen and their supervision 21 12 301 Hospital streets, regulation of traffic and noises 131 23 451 Hot air heating, requirements 400-403 5 114 Hotels : classification 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 specific subjects: (See. also, Building Code.) exits 152 5 69 exits to roof 152 5 69 fire-escapes . 162 5 74 future, to be fireproof 72 5 59 stairways 153 5 70 fire prevention : alarm connection with fire department 20 12 301 diagram of exits, halls, stairways and fire-escapes... 21 12 301 fire-extinguishing equipment 20 12 301 interior fire-alarm system 21 12 301 lights to be safeguarded 23 12 302 restrictions : explosives and hazardous trades : ( See Specific Explosive or Trade.) theatre buildings not to be used as 536 5 133 runners for, regulation 150 14 329 false impersonation 153 14 329 spitting on floors 213 20 406 towels, use of common 214 20 406 watchmen and their supervision 21 12 301 Hot water, escape into sewers prohibited 22 21 432 Hot water heating plants, installation 404 5 115 House boats, mooring and use 360 20 428 House drains, maintenance 277 20 417 House moving: through streets 144 23 454 94 5 66 596 INDEX. House numbering: Sec. Chap. Page controlled by borough presidents Ill 23 450 general provisions 110 23 449 required of owner, agent or lessee 110 23 449 Hucksters: ( See Peddlers, Hawkers and Venders.) Hunters Point avenue bridge (Queens), location 1 4 43 Hydrants (water supply) : interference with or obstruction of 4 12 299 use, generally • 5 25 486 private traffic in water 41 25 490 Hydro-carbon: ( See Coal Tar Products.) I. Ice, manufacture and sale of: domestic use, defined v, 15 341 domestic use, restriction of sale 66 15 343 inspection required 65 15 343 license required 60 15 341 fee 61 15 343 penalty 67 15 343 prohibited sources of supply 64 15 342 standards, defined 60 15 341 vehicles, metal plates to be attached 62 15 342 weighing, prescribed 63 15 342 Ice, sale regulated 33 26 480 Ice cream : adulterated or misbranded 177 20 400 defined 177 20 400 manufacture or importation 170 20 398 Ice wagons, scales must not project 35 24 483 Illuminated signs, construction and maintenance 215 23 468 restrictions, Fifth avenue (Manhattan) 215 23 468 Illuminating oils: ( See Mineral Oils.) Imposed loads, columns and compression members 52 5 55 Incandescent lamp: ( See Electrical Code.) Incumbrances and obstructions : in streets : barber poles 145 23 454 building material 142 23 453 earth, rocks, rubbish 143 23 454 houses being moved 144 23 454 merchandise 152 23 459 show cases 147 23 455 stands within stoop lines \ 149 23 455 storm doors 150 23 458 vehicles 152 23 459 on waterfront property .... 52, 53 8 159 removal from streets .... 151,152 23 458 from waterfront property 54 8 160 storage and sale, street 152 23 459 waterfront .... 54, 55 8 160 Inclosure walls, construction 257 5 88 Indecent acts, in parks 17 17 349 Induction coils: ( See Electrical Code.) 378 Infantile paralysis, report of cases 86 20 59 7 INDEX. Infectious diseases : denned cases to be reported deaths, reports of disinfecting exposure to : general public school children hospitals and institutions, reports of cases... negligent handling of patients : isolation removal working physicians to report cases puerperal septicaemia school children, generally schools, exclusion of pupils having suppurative conjunctivitis tenement-house workers having venereal diseases are Inflammable mixtures, substances or compounds : defined manufacture : permit, required fee requirements restrictions storage, transportation and sale: permit, required fee requirements Inflammable motion picture film : defined keeping or storing (dealers) : permit, required fee requirements : fire-prevention storage rooms keeping and storing (theatres) : repairing, piecing: dealers in theatres transportation use, approved booth required Injunction, restraining order: Building Code violations unlicensed theatres Inoculation with living bacterial organisms : permits for registration of data concerning Sec. Chap. Page 1 20 362 86 20 378 86 20 378 90 20 379 101 20 381 100 20 381 94 20 380 86 20 378 100 20 381 89 20 379 97, 98 20 380 99 20 381 86 20 • 378 91 20 379 94 20 380 94 20 380 91 20 379 99 20 381 88 20 378 1 10 234 130 10 263 43 10 242 131 10 263 131 10 263 132 10 265 43 10 242 132 10 265 1 10 234 240 10 279 43 10 242 244 10 284 242 10 283 243 10 283 35 3 36 246 10 284 245 10 284 652 5 144 5 3 31 120 20 384 120 20 384 598 INDEX. Inquests : medical examiners to report findings of Insane, temporary care Inside work, electrical: ( See Electrical Code.) Insulating joints: ( See Electrical Code.) Insulating platforms: ( See Electrical Code.) Insulation, fixture canopies Insulation resistance: ( See Electrical Code.) Insulator spacing: ( See Electrical Code.) Insurance patrol: right of way of vehicles speed of vehicles Institutions : infectious diseases in: patients to be isolated report of cases Interest on city debt: ( See City Debt.) Interior conduits: ( See Electrical Code.) Interior hoistways: ( See Hoistways, Interior.) Interior stairways, construction Interstate commerce, municipal explosives regulations do not apply to Intoxicating liquors : places selling, may not sell ammunition sale prohibited in places of amusement Iron and steel construction specifications Itinerant musicians : license, required fee Jails: classification construction : generally details: ( See Specific Subjects, Building Code.) Jefferson market, location of Joint stock association, included in “person” Joints, electrical construction: ( See Electrical Code.) Judgment liens (on real estate), included in “real property” Junction and flush switchboxes: ( See Electrical Code.) Junk-boat: ( See Junk Dealers.) Junk-cart: ( See Junk Dealers.) Junk-dealers : defined license, required fee and bond lost or stolen goods noises by production of advertised property record of purchases reports to police department restrictions on business stock may be inspected violations Sec. Chap. Page 80 20 377 4 13 306 430 a 9 192 15 24 478 17 24 479 96 20 380 86 20 378 153 5 70 3 10 236 81 10 253 11 3 34 300-313 5 92 1 14 307 171 14 331 70 5 58 71-73 5 58 25 15 337 1 1 9 1 1 9 120 14 323 1 14 307 121 14 324 125 14 325 134 23 452 125 14 325 123 14 325 124 14 325 122 14 324 123 14 325 126 14 325 599 . INDEX. Junk-man: {See Junk Dealers.) Junk-shop : ( See Junk Dealers.) Sec. Chap. Page Jurors, fees Jute: ( See Combustible Fibers.) 5 27 500 K. Kerosene: ( See Petroleum), defined 1 10 234 Kilns, construction 391, 392 5 110 Kite-flying, prohibited 5 12 299 Knife switches, construction 565 c, k 9 212 Knob and tube work, electrical 426 q 9 187 Knobs, electrical 564 9 211 Kreischerville Rifle Club, use of firearms on grounds of Kuniyss : 2 11 299 adulteration 158 20 396 ingredients 156 20 395 quality 158 20 396 L. Laboratories : classification 70 5 58 construction : generally details: {See Specific Subjects, Building Code.) 71-73 5 58 Lacquers. {See Paints, Oils and Varnishes.) Lambs, slaughtering age 160 20 396 Lamp black, manufacturing; restrictions 332 20 423 Lamp pbsts, ornamental; erection 145 23 454 Landmarks, protection of 50-52 23 442 Land under water, included in “water-front property” 1 1 9 Lane, included in “street” 1 1 9 Laundries, charges for water supply 21 25 487 sanitation of 336 20 424 Leaders (roof), construction 423 5 ' 116 Lead poisoning, report of cases 92 20 379 Leather dressing, tanning Lecture halls : 328 20 423 classification construction : 70 5 58 generally details: {See Specific Subjects, Building Code.) 71-73 5 68 Legislative bills, preparation in behalf of the City 221 2 25 Lemon creek bridge (Richmond), location 1 4 43 Leprosy, report of cases Lessees of buildings, duty respecting Building Code notices 86 20 378 or orders 653 5 146 Letter boxes, attachment to private property Libraries : 6 27 500 classified 70 5 58 construction : generally details: {See Specific Subjects, Building Code.) 71-73 5 58 License (Electrical Control) : defined 1 9 167 600 INDEX . +■ License (Electrical Control) — Continued : Sec. Chap. Page application 7 9 168 examination of applicant 8 9 168 fee 9 9 169 period 6 9 168 suspension, modification or revocation 6 9 168 License board (Electrical Control), organization and jurisdiction 8 9 168 Licensed trades, occupations, places and things : ( See Amusements and Exhibitions; Licenses.) Licensed vehicles: ( See Licenses.) Licenses : amusements and exhibitions : common shows 61 3 41 motion pictures 32 3 36 theatres, etc 1-6 3 30 business, occupations, places, requiring: bathing establishments and bathhouse keepers 1 14 307 billiard and pool tables 1 14 307 bowling alleys 1 14 307 dealers in second-hand articles 1 14 307 dirt carts 1 14 307 drivers or chauffeurs of hacks, cabs, taxicabs and expresses 1 14 307 expresses and expressmen 1 14 307 exterior hoists 1 14 307 hacks, cabs and taxicabs 1 14 307 hand organs 1 14 307 itinerant musicians 1 14 307 junk dealers 1 14 307 massage operators and institutes 1 14 307 peddlers, hawkers and venders 1 14 308 public carts and cartmen 1 14 308 public porters 1 14 308 shooting galleries 1 14 308 stands within stoop lines and under elevator or sub- way stairways 149 23 455 tenements, lessees of 1 17 307 commissioner of, jurisdiction: inspection 7 14 309 issue of licenses 3 14 308 registration and certification 4 14 308 reports 4 14 308 suspension and revocation 5 14 308 trial of charges against licensees 5 14 308 fees, deposit 4 14 308 licensed vehicles, signs 6 14 309 licensees : badges 6 14 309 charges against 5 14 308 citizenship 2 14 308 display of license 6 14 309 notice of change of address 6 14 309 rendition of licensed function 6 14 309 601 INDEX. Life lines, maintenance by bathing establishments Light and power from railway wires Lighting : electric gas outline systems, decorative * Lightning arresters ( See Electrical Code.) Lights : fire prevention requirements : generally . . motion picture theatres theatres interference with street on street obstructions on vehicles Light shafts : construction, generally Lime : burning, prohibited safeguarding against escape of dust specification for building Lime mortar, specification Lining walls Lintels : construction : iron Or steel masonry encroachment upon street Liquified chlorine : ( See Gases Under Pressure.) Liquors, spirits, alcohols: adulteration of deleterious, poisonous or unwholesome substances in.... distillation and rectification : permit required fee ". restrictions, place quantities fire prevention false name c/r quality prohibited Lis pendens, unsafe building proceeding Little Neck bridge (Queens) location Little taxicab, defined Live or variable load, defined Loads, specifications of : generally business buildings pile foundations Loafers and loungers, must not obstruct streets Local improvement : defined inspection of, affidavit concerning assessment of expense Sec. Chap. Page 341 20 425 441 9 200 687 9 231 439 9 199 437 9 195 23 12 302 38 3 38 526 5 127 120, 121 23 450 3 23 438 12 24 476 373 5 106 324 20 422 253 20 415 25 5 51 27 5 51 258 5 89 303 5 94 251 5 85 170 5 74 139 20 390 140 20 391 250 10 284 43 10 242 251 10 284 252 10 285 253 10 285 140 20 391 637 5 142 1 4 43 80 14 315 53 5 56 53 5 56 55 5 57 235 5 . 83 23 23 440 1 1 9 76 2 21 75 2 21 602 INDEX. Lodge-rooms : Sec. Chap. Page classified 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 details: ( See Specific Subjects, Building Code.) exits 152 5 69 Lodging houses: defined 1 20 362 classified 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 exits A . 152 5 69 fire prevention precautions : alarm connection with fire department 20 12 301 diagram of exits, hall, stairways and fire escapes... 21 12 301 fire extinguishing equipment 20 12 301 interior fire-alarm system 21 12 301 lights to be safeguarded 23 12 302 watchmen and their supervision 21 12 301 sanitary requirements : conducting, permit required 334 20 424 occupancy, over-crowding 56 20 375 sailor-lodgers, reports as to 362 20 429 spitting on floors 213 20 406 theatre buildings not to be used as 5.36 5 133 Lost or stolen property, duties respecting : dealers in second-hand articles 45 14 312 junk dealers 125 14 235 Lot : defined 212 5 80 buildings on one, how considered 136 5 68 frame building restriction 471 5 119 regulation of 212 5 80 size not to be reduced 136 5 68 Low potential circuits, grounding 315 9 159 Low-potential system, electrical: ( See Electrical Code.) Lubricating oils. ( See Oils and Fats) defined 1 10 234 Lugs for terminal connections. ( See Electrical Code.) Lumber sheds, construction 479 5 121 M. Machine oils, fees for permits relating to 43 10 242 Machinery compartment of elevator shafts, fireproofing 373 5 106 Machine shops. ( See Factories.) Macomb’s dam bridge (Harlem river), location 1 4 42 Madison avenue bridge (Harlem river), location 1 4 42 Magazine-keepers, duties 63 10 246 fee for certificate of fitness 42 10 239 Magazines for explosives: bond for permit 41 10 239 classification 63 10 246 fee for permit ( See Explosives) 43 10 241 requirements and restrictions concerning 63 10 246 Malarial fever, report of cases 86 20 370 603 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Manhattan bridge, location 1 4 41 Mansard roofs, construction 427 5 118 Mantels (wooden), attaching to chimneys 393 5 Manufactories. (See Factories.) Manure : accumulations of 242 20 412 manufacturing of artificial, prohibited 324 20 422 transportation through streets 240 20 412 Marble: (See Building Materials.) Mark, signature to application for building permit by 2 5 45 Market-boats : dock facilities 14 8 155 wharfage rates 81 8 163 Markets : commissioner of, controls 1 15 335 commissioner has general jurisdiction of 1 15 335 construction : classification 70 5 58 generally 71-73 5 58 details: (See Specific Subjects, Building Code.) exits 152 5 69 farmers’ and gardeners’ privileges 50 15 340 licenses 50 15 340 Wallabout market 31 15 338 wagons 51 15 341 highways through market lands 4 15 335 hours of business in 5 15 335 ice, manufacture and sale of 4 15 341 location of markets : Atlantic avenue 28 15 338 Catherine 35 15 339 Columbia street, Brooklyn 37 15 339 Delancey street 20 15 336 Eighth ward, Brooklyn 21 15 336 Essex 22 15 336 59th street bridge 27 15 337 Gansevoort 24 15 337 Jamaica 34 15 339 Jefferson 25 15 337 Lenox avenue 39 15 340 Manhattan bridge 26 15 337 Monroe street 38 1~ 340 9th avenue 38 15 339 Park avenue 40 15 340 Peck slip 36 15 339 Queensboro bridge 23 15 337 Third avenue 28 15 337 Union square 29 15 338 Wallabout 30 15 338 Washington 31 15 339 West Washington 32 15 339 market wagons 51 15 339 meat inspection 9 27 501 604 INDEX. Markets — Continued : , Sec. Chap. obstructions in and about 52 15 stalls and stands in: disputes concerning 3 15 transfers of 2 15 toilet facilities 6 15 Wallabout market: farmers’ square 30 15 leases in 30 15 sale of liquor in 30 15 Marquises, restrictions on erection 170 5 Marriages : celebrants must : keep register of 34 20 register with health department 35 20 false certificate, statement or report 36 20 filing transcripts of register of 33 20 on vessels, reports of 357 20 Marshland, draining 272 20 Masonry construction : generally 250-268 5 foundation walls 236 5 frame building walls 481 5 loads 53 5 weights 21 5 working stresses 51 5 Massage institutes and operators : definitions : institute 175 14 operator 175 14 license required : fee and term 176 14 qualifications 176 14 violations and penalties 177 14 Matches : “ approved ” 102 10 defined 1 10 fees for permits 43 10 manufacture : requirements 100 10 restrictions 100 10 white phosphorus 103 10 marking 102 10 packing 102 10 prohibited varieties 102 10 serial number 102 10 storage and sale, restrictions : general 101 10 white phosphorus 103 10 use, discarding lighted 7 12 Material : building: ( See Building Code.) building, in street 142 23 sale of city’s waste 11 1 Page 341 335 335 335 338 338 338 74 370 371 371 370 427 416 85 84 122 56 50 53 332 332 332 332 332 258 234 242 257 257 258 258 258 258 258 257 258 300 453 13 605 INDEX. Matzoon : Sec. Chap. Page adulteration 152 20 394 ingredients 156 20 395 quality 158 20 396 Mayor : flag of 4 1 12 may offer rewards for apprehension of criminals 130 2 23 Mayor’s bureau of weights and measures : ( See Weights and Measures.) Meadow lands, foundations for building on 235 5 83 Means of egress : generally : fire escapes 162 5 74 manhole ladders from boiler-rooms 152 5 69 roof ladders and scuttles 425 5 117 stairways 153 5 70 buildings of a public character 490 5 122 business and office buildings 490 5 122 factories, hotel and institutions 490 5 122 motion picture theatres 503 5 124 theatres 527 5 128 obstruction of : generally 491 5 122 motion picture theatres 34 3 37 theatres 9 3 33 Measles : infectious disease 86 20 378 report of cases 86 20 378 Measures: ( See Weights and Measures.) Meat : defined 1 20 362 animals dying of disease or by accidents 163 20 397 cooling and dressing 162 20 396 condemnation and destruction 137 20 389 inspection : general 136 20 389 home killed 9 27 490 manufacture 330 20 423 offensive, not to be cast into streets or public waters 8 20 367 sale, false name or quality 140 20 391 smoked, preparation of 330 20 423 Meeker avenue bridge (Newtown creek), location 1 4 43 Meeting rooms, exits 152 5 69 Meetings, park restrictions 11 17 348 Medical examiners, duties of 80 20 377 Meningitis, report of spinal or tubercular cases 86 20 378 Merchandise : obstructing streets or sidewalks : restricted ' 188 23 465 removal and disposition 152 23 459 obstructing waterfront property: restricted 52 8 159 removal and disposition 54. 55 8 160 street displays, restricted 188 23 465 606 INDEX. Merchandise — Continued: street sales : auctions peddlers salt meat, fish, etc Mercury : reports of poisonings by sale restricted Merry-go-rounds : ( See Amusement Devices.) Metal fronts for buildings, construction Metal mouldings : ( See Electrical code.) Metal rails and rods, street transportation Methyl alcohol: containers to be marked sale restrictions use regulated reports of poisonings by Metropolitan avenue bridge (Brooklyn), location... Midwifery, practice regulated Midwives : false certificate, statement of report of register of reports of transcripts of registers of Military drills, in parks Milk and cream : adulterated bottles and other containers, care of buttermilk classification condemnation and destruction of condensed conformity to grade standards containers, care of delivery false name or quality grades infants and invalids, “Grade A” inspection of misbranded, defined and sale prohibited modified pasteurized permit to sell or deliver possession of adulterated presumption preparation, service and sale products of, materials proprietary, formulae protection against dust or other contamination Sec. Chap. Page 30 23 441 13 24 476 31 23 441 92 20 379 125 20 386 312 5 96 135 23 440 124 20 385 124 20 385 124 20 385 92 20 379 1 4 43 196 20 404 36 20 371 31 20 369 31 20 369 33 20 370 10 17 349 151-153 20 393 159 20 396 158 20 396 156 20 395 137 20 389 153 20 394 154, 155 20 395 157 20 396 159 20 396 155 20 395 140 20 391 156 20 395 155 • 20 395 136 20 389 139 20 390 152 20 394 155 20 395 156 20 395 155 20 395 151 20 393 163 20 397 149 20 393 158 20 396 139 20 390 142 20 391 607 INDEX. Milk and cream — Continued: Sec. Chap. Page receptacles, care of 159 20 396 sale, permit 155 20 395 seizure and destruction of unfit 137 20 389 skimmed 155 20 395 sour 158 20 396 unwholesome, traffic in, prohibited 163 20 397 Milk depots, charges for water supply 21 25 487 Mill: ( See Factory.) Mineral oils: ( See Petroleum.) Mineral waters : artificial, manufacture and sale 165 20 397 natural, distribution 165 20 397 Morningside avenue, vehicular restriction 37 17 351 Morphine : label statement 116 20 382 sale or distribution 126 20 386 Mortar : classified 27 5 51 mixing in streets, restricted 142 23 453 specifications of classes 27 5 51 use 256 5 87 Mortgage, included in “ real property ” 1 1 9 Mortgages: ( See Bonds and Mortgages.) Moss: ( See Combustible Fibers.) Motion pictures : defined 30 3 36 theatres : defined 30 3 36 controlled by commissioner of licenses 31 3 36 construction : application to existing theatres 505 5 125 booth for projecting machine 504 5 125 ceilings 502 5 123 electric wiring and appliances 438 9 195 floor-loads 502 5 123 galleries 502 5 123 gradients 502 5 123 means of egress : aisles 503 5 124 chair space 503 5 124 exits 503 5 124 exit-passageways to street 503 5 124 fire-escapes 503 5 124 indication 34 3 37 ladder from boiler-room 152 5 69 obstruction, prohibited 34 3 36 open-air theatres 506 5 125 plans 500 5 123 restrictions 501 5 123 stairways 502 5 123 walls 502 5 123 608 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Motion pictures — Continued: theatres — Continued: electric wiring and appliances 438 9 195 existing application of article to 505 5 125 films, care of 3 37 fire extinguishing equipment 36 3 38 fire prevention 3 37 heating 3 38 licenses : applications 33 3 37 exceptions 32 3 36 fees 3 37 lighting 3 38 obstruction of aisles and passageways 503 5 124 plans 5 123 projecting machine and film, booth 504 5 125 restrictions 501 5 123 sanitation 40 3 39 ventilation 39 3 38 open-air theatres : defined 30 3 36 construction 506 5 125 licensing 32 3 36 regulating . . . . 34-44 3 37 operators of machines for projecting 43 3 40 projecting machine and booth 504 5 125 public morals 41 3 39 private and non-professional exhibitions 42 3 39 violations of provisions relating to 44 3 41 Motion picture film (inflammable) : defined 1 10 234 examination and repair : generally 243 10 283 in theatres 35 3 37 restrictions 241 10 283 storage : permit required 240 10 283 fee 43 10 242 rooms, construction 243 10 283 Motion picture machines, booth for 504 5 125 Motion picture operators, licensing 43 3 40 Motion picture theatres : ( See Motion Pictures.) Motorboats, mufflers required 361 20 428 Motors, electric: ( See Electrical Code.) Motor cycle repair shops and storage places : permit required 190 10 272 regulations, fire prevention 192 10 273 restrictions 191 10 273 Motor vehicle : defined (explosives regulations) 1 10 234 instruction in operating in parks, prohibited 43 17 353 lights on 12 24 476 609 INDEX. Motor vehicle — Continued: mufflers municipal, marking noises, loud and explosive park obstruction by signal to stop smoke emission: in parks generally supplying gasoline, etc., to warning or signalling device required . Motor vehicle repair shop : defined permit required fee restrictions Mouldings, electrical work: ( See Electrical Code.) Multiple series systems: ( See Electrical Code.) Mumps, report of cases Municipal civil service : hours of service ; reinstatement of former policemen or firemen residence in state vacations : per diem employees salaried employees Municipal explosives regulations : city officers bound by construction Federal government exempt included in Museums : classification construction : generally details : ( See Specific Subjects, Building Code.) Musical instruments : organ grinding in streets playing in parks, restricted playing in streets Music halls : construction : (See Theatres.) fire prevention: alarm connection with fire department diagram of exits, halls, stairways and fire escapes... exit facilities female waiters fire extinguishing equipment lights to be safeguarded supervision by firemen Sec. Chap. Page . 36 24 483 33 24 483 229 20 409 31 17 350 11 24 414 36 17 351 211 20 405 157 10 268 132a 23 451 1 10 234 2 5 45 170 10 270 43 10 242 171 10 270 86 20 378 8 1 13 3 16 345 10 16 345 1 16 344 2 16 344 2 16 344 4 10 236 2 10 235 3 10 236 10 232 70 5 58 71-73 5 58 170 14 330 10 17 347 171 14 331 20 12 301 527 5 128 150-162 5 69 527 5 128 11 3 34 20 12 301 23 12 302 8 3 33 610 INDEX N. Mational Guard: Sec. Chap. Page artillery firing, permit required 4 11 297 drills and manoeuvers in parks 10 17 347 processions and parades 38 24 484 Navigation : abandoned vessels obstructing 120 8 165 ashes, dumping of 123 8 165 berthing vessels so as to obstruct 121 8 165 dumping refuse 122 8 165 snow and ice 122 8 165 obstructions to 120 8 165 oils and oil refuse, discharge of 122 8 165 removal of refuse from vessels 123 8 165 violations of provisions relating to 124 8 165 Newsboys are not peddlers 130 14 326 Newspapers, selling on street 130 14 326 New York Botanical Garden: park regulations apply 71 17 356 permits for privileges 71 17 356 New York and Brooklyn bridge, the Brooklyn bridge 1 4 42 Nickel-plating establishments, fee for storage of explosive substances 43 10 242 Ninth street bridge (Brooklyn), location 1 4 43 Nitro-cellulose products : defined 1 10 234 gun cotton : manufacture 230 10 281 storage, sale, transportation and use 231 10 281 manufacturing, storing and selling : permit, required 232 10 282 fee 43 10 242 fire prevention 234 10 283 storage and supervision 232 10 282 use of water-jet 232 10 282 restriction, storage 232 10 282 scraps, disposition of 233 10 282 Noise : animal or bird causing < 215 20 407 motorboats, mufflers 361 20 428 Noises in streets : S enerall y 130 23 451 hand organs 170 14 330 hospital streets 131 23 451 itinerant musicians 170 14 330 junkmen 134 23 452 peddlers, hawkers and venders 133 23 45l rattling metal 135 23 452 school streets 132 23 451 showmen 136 23 452 Non-bearing walls, construction 257 5 88 611 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Non-fireproof buildings : defined 71 5 58 alterations 73 5 60 new construction 73 5 6C partitions, shafts and walls of 372 5 106 protection of openings in 373 5 106 Non-residents : hospital treatment 4 13 306 of state, not to be employed in city’s service 1 16 344 Notices: ( See Specific Subject.) Notices or orders affecting buildings: Building Code : agents may be designated to receive 653 5 146 issue and service 650 5 143 occupants’ duty respecting 653 5 146 violations 654 5 i41 Nuisances : abatement of, required 185 20 403 building, defined 183 20 402 cisterns 235 20 411 cesspools, privies, sinks and vaults 235 20 411 prevention of 183 20 402 Number, singular includes plural, and plural singular 2 5 45 0. Oakum : ( See Combustible Fibers.) Oath, includes affirmation 2 5 45 Observation towers, construction of 479 5 121 Obstructions and incumbrances : in streets : enumeration of allowable 141-150 23 453 permits 140 23 453 removal and disposition of unauthorized 151,152 23 458 on water-front property: restricted and prohibited 52, 53 8 159 removal and disposition of 54, 55 8 160 Ocean avenue bridge (Brooklyn), location 1 4 43 Ocean bathing establishments, life-lines 341 20 425 Ocean parkway, traffic regulations 37 24 483 Occupancy of buildings : determines classification 70 5 58 classification of buildings according to 70 5 58 certificates of, when required 5 5 48 Occupational diseases: defined 92 20 379 prevention and responsibility for 337 20 427 reports concerning 92 20 379 Occupations, trades and businesses : explosives and hazardous trades: ( See Specific Subject.) hazardous or detrimental to life or health 321 20 421 612 INDEX. Occupations, trades and businesses — Continued: Sec. Chap. Page offensive or noisome : permits for allowable 322 20 421 prohibited classes : Manhattan 3 23 20 422 other boroughs 324 20 422 using offensive animal or vegetable matter 324 20 422 Occupied, defined 2 5 45 buildings, heating of 225 20 408 Odors: carrying matter in streets producing 239, 240 20 411-412 noisome or offensive, as nuisance 212 20 406 production of, or opening up accumulations of noxious substances 232 20 410 Offal: accumulations of 242 20 412 boiling, prohibited 323 20 422 docks, obstruction of 246 20 413 transportation of 239-246 20 411 vehicles carrying, care of 244 20 413 Offensive liquids or substances : accumulations 242 20 412 maintenance upon premises 231 20 410 park restriction against 35 17 344 removal 243-245 20 412 sidewalks to be protected against 14 22 434 streets to be kept free of 233, 234 20 411 transportation through streets 239, 240 20 411 Offensive or noisome trades, occupations or businesses : dangerous to health, prohibited 324 20 422 permits to engage in 324 20 422 requirements and restrictions : generally, Manhattan ' 323 20 AO'i eggs, traffic in broken out 331 20 423 fat, rendering 329 20 423 gas, manufacturing 333 20 424 meat, manufacturing 146-149 20 392 ore, refining 332 20 423 slaughtering animals 325-327 20 422 spirits, distilling 332 20 423 tanning and leather dressing 328 20 423 varnishes and oils, manufacturing 337 20 424 Office buildings: classification 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 details : ( See Specific Subjects, Building Code.) exit facilities 152 5 69 fire alarm equipment 20 12 301 fire-extinguishing appliances 20 12 301 Office hours, city departments 8 1 13 3 16 345 613 INDEX. Officers and employees of city: Sec. Chap. Page health department, interfering with or obstructing 186 20 390 hours of service : generally 8 1 13 during July and August 3 16 345 must be residents of state 1 16 343 reinstatement, firemen and policemen 10 16 345 vacations : per diem employees 2 16 344 salaried employees 2 16 344 Oil, regulation of business of boiling 332 20 423 Oil-selling station, defined 1 10 234 2 5 45 Oil separators, in garages storing volatile inflammable oils. 155 10 268 Oil storage plant, defined 1 10 235 Oils and fats : defined 1 10 234 storage requirements : permit 255 10 285 fee 43 10 242 restrictions 256 10 285 Oily waste, care of 206 b 9 172 Omnibuses : cleaning daily required 301 20 419 dirty or soiled clothing or bedding, in 302 20 419 heating 304 20 420 stopping places 18 24 481 ventilation of 303 20 419 One hundred thirty-fifth street bridge (The Bronx), location 1 4 42 One hundred and forty-fifth street bridge (Harlem river), location 1 4 42 One-story brick building, construction : ( See Building Code.) Openings on fire escapes, fire protection 375 5 108 Open shaft, defined and construction specified 373 5 106 Open wiring, electrical 426 g-j 9 185 Opium : label statement 116 20 382 sale or distribution 126 20 386 Ordinances : distribution 6 1 12 form 6 1 12 general, repealed by this code (table), post preparation by corporation counsel 221 2 25 printing 6 1 12 Ordinary repairs, defined 3 5 46 Ore, refining 332 20 423 Ornamental projections (on streets) : generally 170 5 74 on park or park streets 60 17 354 removal of unauthorized 168 23 462 violations of provisions 170 23 462 Out houses, construction of frame 477 5 120 614 INDEX. Outlet boxes or plates : {See Electrical Code.) Sec. Chap. Page Outlet junctions and flush switch boxes 559 9 209 Outline lighting, electrical 439 9 199 Outside work, electrical 312-315 9 175 Ovens : classified 391 5 110 installation or alteration, notice 390 5 110 Overhead wires, in parks....- 4 17 347 Overloading buildings 55 5 57 199 5 78 Owner : defined 2 5 45 authorization of, for building permit 3 5 46 designation of agent by 653 5 146 Oxygen : storage restrictions 277 10 290 use in blow pipes : permit 213 10 278 fee for permit: {See Gases) 43 10 241 Oyster-boats, docking facilities 15 8 155 Oyster traffic, regulated 164 20 397 P. Packing boxes, cases and barrels, storage 25 12 303 Paints, varnishes and lacquers : manufacture, storage and sale : permit, required 200 10 273 fee 43 10 243 restrictions : locality 201 10 273 volatile inflammable oil 202 10 274 Pamphlets: {See Cards, Circulars and Handbills.) Panel boards, construction of electrical 569 9 218 Paper: {See Combustible Fibers.) casting into street, prohibited 10 22 433 scattering in parks, prohibited 9 17 347 waste, collection and removal 248 20 413 Paper stock: {See Combustible Fibers.) Parapet walls, construction 259 5 90 Paratyphoid fever, report of cases 86 20 37S Park, includes parkway 1 1 9 Park avenue, Manhattan : use of railroad tunnel in 30 19 353 Park department: employees; hospital care and treatment 5 13 306 Park ordinances 17 346 Park row, Manhattan : obstruction by vehicles 16 24 479 Parks, parkways and park streets : definitions 1 17 346 advertisements, posting 13 17 348 animals, birds and reptiles, protection of 15 17 348 animals at large 16 17 348 615 INDEX. Parks, parkways and park streets — Continued: Sec. Chap. Page baseball and other games 15 a \y 343 bathing 14 17 348 bicycles 41 17 353 bicycles, instruction in operation of, prohibited 43 17 353 boating 14 17 348 bottles, not to be cast about in 3a 27 500 bringing in plants, shrubs and trees 7 17 347 building projections: general 60 17 353 camp sites, The Bronx ... 17 355 Coney Island cycle path 42 17 353 delivery wagons, park streets 37 17 351 destruction of or injury to property in 5 17 347 dogs 16 17 349 disorderly conduct, specified offenses 17 17 349 drills 10 17 347 drives and bridle paths, use of 30 17 350 Eastchester bay shore road restrictions 40 17 353 Eastern parkway, restricted areas 64 17 354 encroachments : general 60 17 354 fire apparatus, to use specified roads in 33 17 350 fishing 14 17 343 glass and glassware not to be cast about in 3a 27 500 Harlem river driveway 38 17 352 hearses 33 17 350 interference with improvements 2 17 346 lawns, preservation 6 17 347 meetings 11 17 348 musical instruments, use 10 17 347 motor vehicles, emission of smoke 36 17 351 motor vehicles, instruction in operation of, prohibited.. 43 17 353 national guard manoeuvres 10 17 347 newsstands, Manhattan and Richmond ... 17 355 obstruction by vehicles 31 17 350 Ocean boulevard, restrictions 39 17 352 Ocean parkway : projections 63 17 354 restricted areas 64 17 354 offensive matters 35 17 351 overhead wires 4 17 347 parent, guardian or custodian of minor to prohibit acts in violation of chapter 18 17 349 park streets, restrictions 37 17 351 photographing 12 17 348 Plaza street, restricted areas 64 17 354 posting bills or placards 13 17 348 processions and parades 10 17 347 public carriers, to use specified roads 33 17 350 public hacks, cabs and automobiles 34 17 351 roller-skating 8 17 347 616 INDEX . Sec. Chap. Page Parks, parkways and park streets — Continued: rubbish and refuse 9 17 347 sales and exhibitions 12 17 348 skating, ice 14 17 348 speed regulations 30 17 350 subsurface disturbances 3 17 347 trucking, heavy 35 17 351 vehicles, restrictions : fire apparatus 33 17 350 hearses 33 17 350 in tow 33 17 350 obstructing assemblies 31 17 350 public carriers 33 17 350 trades wagons 37 17 351 Partition fences : construction and maintenance 210 5 79 controversies concerning 214 5 80 neglect to construct or repair 213 5 80 violations 215 5 80 Partition walls : between lots 211 5 79 in buildings 230 5 81 237 5 85 Partitions : fireproofing ducts in 402 5 114 smokepipes through 403 5 115 stud 283 5 92 theatres 528 5 131 Party walls : construction 257 5 88 in frame buildings 473 5 120 support during construction 230 5 81 Passenger elevators: ( See Elevators.) Patent medicines : adulteration 116 20 382 definition 117 20 383 misrepresentation 118 20 384 registration 117 20 383 sale 117 20 383 samples, distribution 119 20 384 Paving of streets : ‘ generally 60 23 443 by owners 61 23 443 Pawnbrokers : clerks, age restriction 127 14 326 license fees, application 4 2 15 pledges, record by 126 14 326 records to be kept 126 14 326 reports to police department 128 14 326 sale of ammunition by, prohibited 81 10 253 violations 129 14 326 61 7 INDEX. Peddlers, hawkers and venders: Sec. Chap. Page defined 130 14 326 farmers are not 130 14 326 license, required 1 14 307 fee 131 14 327 newspaper boys are not 130 14 326 restrictions : hours 133 23 451 noises 133 23 451 refuse of fruit 12 22 434 streets 13 24 476 signs on vehicles 132 14 327 Pediments, restricted 170 5 74 Pelham Bridge (Bronx), location 1 4 42 Penalties (civil) for violations: ( See Violations.) generally: ( See Specific Subject; concluding section of article containing it.) building code 654 5 147 electrical control 700 9 231 Pendants, electrical: ( See Electrical Code.) Pent houses, defined and construction specified 426 5 117 Per diem employes of city, vacations 2 16 344 Permits: ( See Specific Subject.) Person : defined 1 1 9 2 5 45 injured or sick in street, care of 1 13 306 Personal property of city: sale of useless 11 1 13 sales, disposition of proceeds 5 2 15 Petroleum and other mineral oils : fire prevention 117 10 262 illuminating oils : permit, to store and sell 115 10 262 fee 43 10 243 lubricating oils, exemption 116 10 262 refining, distilling or manufacturing: permit, required 110 10 259 fee 43 10 243 storage plants : permit, required Ill 10 259 fee 43 10 243 large quantities Ill 10 259 limited storage 112 10 260 transportation and delivery : permit, required 113 10 261 fee 43 10 243 volatile inflammable oils, traffic in 114 10 261 Phosphorus poisonings, reports of 92 20 379 Phosphorus (white), matches containing; prohibited 103 10 258 Photo-engraving plants, fee for permit to operate 43 10 243 Photograph galleries, charges for water 21 25 487 Photographing in parks, permit required 12 17 348 618 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Photographs, drivers of public hacks, cabs and taxicabs Physicians : 92 14 318 autopsies, reports of births : 32 20 370 false certificate, statement or report of 36 20 371 register of 31 20 369 reports of 31 20 369 transcripts of register of deaths : 33 20 370 false certificate, statement or report of 36 20 371 register of 32 20 370 reports of '32 20 370 transcripts of register of 33 20 370 habit-forming drugs, prescriptions 117 20 383 infectious diseases, reports of 86 20 378 registration of name and address 218 20 407 right of way of vehicles 15 24 478 Piazzas, construction of frame 476 5 120 Piers (of buildings), construction Piers ( See Docks, Ferries and Harbor Control), included in 251 5 85 “ waterfront property ” 1 1 9 Pigeons, keeping live Pigs, slaughtering: 20 20 369 permit required 325 20 422 age restriction 160 20 396 Pilasters, restricted 170 5 74 Pile foundations, construction Piles ( See Pile Foundations.) 235 5 83 Pipe chases, in walls 261 5 90 Pipe hangers, incandescent lights 431a 9 193 Pipes, fire protection Pistols or revolvers: 404 5 115 firing prohibited 2 11 295 permit to carry or keep Places of amusement or assembly: ( See Theatres; Motion Picture Theatres.) 1 11 295 classification construction : 70 5 58 generally details: ( See Specific Subjects, Building Code.) 71-73 5 58 elevator shafts, enclosure 373 • 5 106 exit facilities promotion of public safety in : 152 5 69 alarm connection 20 12 301 fire extinguishing appliances 20 12 301 firemen detailed for obstruction of aisles and passageways : 8 3 32 generally 490 5 122 motion picture theatres theatres and other places in which scenery or 34 3 37 machinery is used 9 3 33 restricted as to explosives and hazardous trades : ( See Specific Subject.) 619 INDEX . Places of public assembly: ( See Places of Public ment or Assembly.) Amuse- Sec. Chap. Page Plague, reports of cases 86 20 378 Plans and specifications, including construction Plant and Structures, department of : 3,4 5 46 employees; hospital care and treatment 5 13 306 Platforms, construction of frame 478 5 121 Platinum, sale of second hand articles of Plumbing and other piping: construction : 40 14 310 registration of plumbers 604 5 138 rules 600 5 137 shut-off valves 601 5 138 tests drain, soil and waste pipes: 602-603 5 138 construction and connections 279 20 417 extension above roof 281 20 418 fixtures, separate traps for 278 20 417 leaders and gutters 283 20 418 maintenance 277 20 417 refrigerator 280 20 418 traps 278 20 417 ventilators, materials of 282 20 418 vent pipes, construction 281 20 418 water closets, adequacy and maintenance 284 20 418 Poisons, containers to be so marked Poles: ( See Posts and Poles.) Police commissioner : 122 20 385 bond 270 2 28 regulation of vehicular traffic Police department : 42 24 485 boiler inspection, minor steam vessels 1 18 358 Building Code enforcement 651 5 144 excavations in streets 98 23 449 fire-escape incumbrances 162 5 74 parade exemption vehicles : 38 24 484 right of way 15 24 478 speed Policemen : duties respecting: 17 24 479 fire-escapes 162 5 74 street excavations dismissed or reduced ; hearing or rehearing of charges 3 23 426 or causes therefor 5 18 358 hospital care and treatment Police station-houses : 5 13 306 classification construction : 70 5 58 generally details: ( See Specific Subject, Building Code.) 71-73 5 58 Poliomyelitis (acute anterior), reports of cases ... 86 20 378 620 INDEX. Pool tables ( See Billiard and Pool Tables.) Sec. Chap. Page Porches, platforms and stoops (in streets) : general restrictions 170 5 74 removal of unauthorized 168 23 462 violations 170 23 462 Portables, electric: ( See Electrical Code.) Portland cement, specification of 26 5 51 Port of New York: 1 1 Q dumping, refuse 122 8 165 snow and ice 122 8 165 harbor fires 1 12 298 obstruction to navigation 120 8 165 pollution oif waters 122 8 165 refuse of vessels, removal 123 8 165 violations of provisions relating to 124 8 165 Posts and poles, in streets : borough presidents control 145 23 454 barber poles 145 23 454 ornamental lampposts 145 23 454 removal oif 146 23 455 Potheads, installation of electrical 208 b 9 173 Foultry: ( See Fowls), sale regulated 34 26 498 Power, electric: ( See Electrical Code.) Prescriptions, habit forming drugs 117 20 383 Pressure under footings, specifications of (building construc- tion) 233 5 82 Primary batteries, electric 210 9 175 Printing houses: ( See Factories.) Private garage: (See Garages.) Private property : letter boxes, attachment to 6 27 500 responsibility of owners : ashes, garbage and rubbish 248 20 413 cleaning sidewalks 21 22 435 removal of snow and ice from sidewalks 21 22 435 sidewalk sweepings 10 22 433 Private dwelling: (See Dwellings.) Private market, defined 1 20 362 Privies, cess-pools, sinks and vaults : adequacy 284 20 418 construction 287 20 419 maintenance 235-237 20 411 284 20 418 screening against flies 286 20 419 temporary (builders or contractors) 285 20 418 ventilation 287 20 419 Processions and parades : in general: permits 38 24 484 restrictions 38 24 484 violations 38 24 484 in parks 10 17 347 621 INDEX. Projections and encroachments upon streets: Sec. Chap. Page generally 170 5 74 alteration of existing 170 5 74 areas and areaways 170 5 74 awnings 170 5 74 balustrades 170 5 74 base courses * 170 5 74 bay windows 170 5 74 cellar doors and steps 164 23 462 check pieces 170 5 74 columns 170 5 74 courtyards 170 5 74 cornices 170 5 74 existing, continuance 173-174 5 75 fire escapes 170 5 74 fire towers 170 5 74 hose connections, exterior 170 5 74 lintels 170 5 74 marquises 170 5 74 mouldings 170 5 74 pediments 170 5 74 permits for 170 5 74 quoins 170 5 74 restricted streets 160 23 461 rules relating to 170 5 74 rustications 170 5 74 steps 170 5 74 unauthorized removal 168 23 <462 vaults under sidewalks 170 5 74 violations, notice to corporation counsel 169 23 462 penalty 170 23 462 on parkways and park streets : curb and surface construction 60' 17 354 Properly cleansed, defined 144 20 392 Property (Lost or Stolen), duties respecting: dealers in second-hand articles 45 14 312 junk dealers 125 14 325 Proprietary food or drink: formula, disclosure 139 20 390 Proprietary medicines : adulteration 117 20 383 definition 117 20 383 misrepresentation 118 20 384 registration 117 20 383 sale 117 20 383 samples, distribution 119 20 384 Protection of electrical appliances : ( See Electrical Code.) Protectives for openings, testing and approval 376 5 109 Protective devices, signaling systems 685 9 2 28 Public administrator : depository, selected by corporation counsel 250 2 26 deposits and disbursements, supervised by comptroller.. 251 2 27 reports to board of aldermen and comptroller 250 2 26 622 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Public assemblies, display of American flag at 24 23 425 Public buildings : classified 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 rooms in 132 5 67 details: ( See Specific Subject, Building Code.) light and ventilation 132 5 67 Public carriers, park restriction 33 17 350 Public cartmen, defined 140 14 327 Public carts: defined 140 14 327 classified 141 14 327 license, required 142 14 328 fee 143 14 328 regulation of charges for 144 14 328 Public comfort stations, use of common towels in 214 20 405 Public garage : ( See Garages.) Public hacks: ( See Hacks, Cabs, Taxicabs and Sightseeing Cars.) Public health, acts affecting 181 20 402 Public laundry, defined (Sanitary Code) 1 20 362 Public lavatory, use of common towels in 214 20 395 Public meetings, in parks 11 17 348 Public place: defined 143 20 392 included in street 1 1 9 use of common utensils for food or drink in 143 20 392 Public porters : badges 152 14 330 charges 155 14 330 hotel runners are not 150 14 329 impersonation of 153 14 330 licensed 150 14 329 license fee 151 14 329 over-charges 156 14 330 service obligatory 154 14 330 Public property, defined 119 Public road, included in “street” 119 Public schools: ( See Schools.) Public service corporations : exempt from operation of chapter 9 5 9 167 notice to, of contemplated street excavations 94,95 23 447 14 21 431 vehicles, right of way of emergency 15 24 '478 Public square, included in “street” 119 Public washroom, use of common towels in 214 20 406 Public waters : ( See Port of New York.) dead animals, fish, or fowl, or meat not to be cast into. . 8 20 367 pollution, from vessels 356 20 427 623 INDEX. Public worship : in streets, regulated interference with, prohibited Puerperal septicaemia, reports of cases.... Pulmonary tuberculosis, report of cases Pumping station: ( See Factories.) Puppet show, a common show Q. Queensboro bridge (East river), location Queensboro bridge market, location Queens county, county clerk’s fees Quit rents : application of receipts from commutation of Quoins, restricted Rabies : animals infected, destruction cases in humans, reports Rags: ( See Combustible Fibers.) public exposure, creating dust Rahm, defined and classified Railroad buildings : classified construction : generally details: ( See Specific Subject, Building Code.) Railroad power plants, electric Railroads : applying generally to cars: cleanliness defined dirty or soiled clothing for bedding, in heating nuisances spitting ventilation applying generally to stations : spitting prohibited in towel service in lavatories elevated : cuspidors on station platforms dropping articles and substances protection of streets below rear-end platforms; riding on violations scenic : a common show construction inspection license Sec. Chap. Page 20 23 435 21 23 435 91 20 379 86 20 378 60 3 41 1 4 42 23 15 337 7 27 500 4 2 15 105 2 22 170 5 74 10 20 367 86 20 378 253 20 415 152 20 394 70 5 58 71-73 5 58 209 9 175 301 20 419 183 20 402 302 20 419 304 20 420 183 20 402 213 20 406 303 20 419 213 20 406 214 20 406 2 19 359 1 19 359 1 19 359 4 19 359 3 19 359 60 3 41 561 5 134 565 5 135 61 3 40 624 INDEX. Railroads — Continued : scenic — Continued: operation superintendents of buildings, jurisdiction smoke nuisance street : headlights for cars licenses obstruction, by house-moving snow removal by speed of cars sprinkling streets stops transfers violations trunk line or steam : engines; cinders, ashes, gas, steam or odors from.. grade crossings Long Island Park avenue tunnel obstruction of streets violations Railroad track torpedoes, manufacture and storage Railroad wires, sources of electrical supply Raising or lowering buildings to grade Ranges, setting Reactive coils and condensers Real estate, included in “real property” Real estate of city: conveyances of, procedure deeds, grants and leases to city, tiling leases of, procedure disposition of proceeds records subletting, assigning quit-rents records of, with comptroller rents, collection of disposition of sales of, execution of deeds supervised by comptroller unproductive, disposition of Real property, defined Reasonable care, by drivers of vehicles Receiver of taxes, bond Receptacles for ashes, garbage and refuse Recesses in walls, construction Recreation piers : construction and reservation ! controlled by dock commissioner lower deck reserved for state traffic maintenance of order upon Sec. Chap. Page 561-567 5 134 563 5 135 211 20 405 10 19 3 : 60 11 19 360 144 23 454 22 22 436 15 24 478 16' 22 434 18 24 481 12 19 360 34 19 361 212 20 406 32 19 361 31 19 361 30 19 360 33 19 361 34 19 361 90 10 254 441 9 200 623 5 139 397 5 113 580 9 227 1 1 9 104 2 22 101 2 22 102 2 22 5 2 15 101 2 22 103 2 22 105 2 22 101 2 22 100 2 22 5 2 15 104 2 22 100 2 22 102 2 22 1 1 9 41 24 485 270 2 28 248, 249 20 413 261 5 90 12 8 154 12 8 154 12 8 154 12 8 154 625 INDEX . Sec. Chap. Reformatories : construction ( See Building Code.) infectious diseases : cases to be reported 91 20 patients to be isolated 96 20 Refrigerating plants : permit required, to operate 216 10 fee 43 10 exemptions 221 10 construction of building: classification 70 5 equipment : generally 71-73 5 doors, lights 219 10 emergency pipes 217 10 exits 217 10 piping 600 5 safety appliances 220 10 pressure allowable 217 10 Refuse materials: ( See ashes, garbage and refuse materials.) must not be deposited in : parks 9 17 sewers 20 21 streets 10 22 tidal waters 122 8 removal from : buildings 248 20 streets 248 20 vessels 123 8 sale of the city’s 11 1 Registers : ( See Hot-air heating.) R. N., use of symbol regulated 219 20 Registered nurses, qualifications 219 20 Regulation of lots 212 5 Reinforced concrete construction : application, availability 331 5 definitions 330 5 concrete composition : aggregate 332 5 mixture 332 5 reinforcement : generally 333 5 placing 335 5 protecting 339 5 web 335 5 rules governing 341 5 test of loads 340 5 units and details: beams 335 5 columns 337 5 floor fillers 336 5 Page 379 380 280 243 281 58 58 280 280 280 137 281 280 347 452 433 165 413 413 165 13 407 407 80 96 96 97 97 97 97 99 97 99 99 97 98 98 626 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Reinforced concrete construction — Continued: units and details — Continued: frame building walls 481 5 122 slabs, tee beams 335 5 97 walls 331 5 96 working stresses 334 5 97 Rents: ( See Real Estate of City.) Repair of buildings : generally 3 5 46 frame 93 5 66 ordinary, defined 3 5 46 Repeal : existing general ordinances 1 28 492 saving clause 2 28 492 Reptiles, protection of park 15 17 348 Residence buildings : defined 71 5 58 construction : details: ( See Specific Subjects, Building Code.) frame 470-481 5 119 generally 71-73 5 58 exit facilities 152 5 69 fire proofing shafts in 373 5 106 light and ventilation 130 5 67 Restaurants : buildings containing: classified 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 details: ( See Specific Subject, Building Code.) employees, health restrictions 146 20 392 exit facilities 152 5 69 food in : preparation and service 149 20 393 protection from flies or dust 142 20 391 purity and wholesomeness 141 20 391 lavatories, use of common towels 214 20 406 management to comply with health regulations 148 20 393 sanitary requirements 147 20 393 utensils for dispensing food and drink in : care of 144, 145 20 392 common use, prohibited 143 20 392 water rates 21 25 475 Restricted areas: ( See Fire Limits, Suburban Fire Limits.) Retail drug store : defined 1 10 235 permit, issue 290 10 291 fee 43 10 240 requirements, fire prevention 293 10 293 lights 293 10 293 627 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Retail drug store — Continued: restrictions : quantities 291 10 291 storage 292 10 293 Retaining walls : building construction : excavation supports 230 5 81 foundation work i 237 5 85 regulation of lots: construction and maintenance 211 5 79 controversies concerning 214 5 80 neglect to construct or repair 213 5 80 violations 215 5 80 Retorts : classified 391 5 110 installation or alteration 390 5 110 Rheostats, resistance boxes and equalizers: ( See Electrical Code.) Right of entry, building bureau employees 10 5 50 Rivets and riveting, iron and steel construction 306 5 95 Road, included in “street” 1 1 Q Roadway : defined 1 24 474 included in “street” 1 1 9 Rock and stone : bearing capacity 231 5 82 weights 21 5 50 working stresses 51 5 53 Roller coaster : a common show 60 3 41 construction and operation 560-586 5 134 Roller-skating, in parks 8 17 347 Roof gardens, above theatres 536 5 133 Roofs : construction and repair : generally 421 5 116 outside fire limits 474 5 adjoining, protection during construction 193 5 78 bulkheads 426 5 117 cornices 422 5 116 dormer windows 427 5 118 gutters 422 5 116 ladders and scuttles to 425 5 117 leaders 423 5 llo maintenance 59 20 375 pent houses upon 426 5 117 safe loads for 53 5 56 scuttles in 425 5 117 skylights 424 5 116 628 INDEX. Roofs — Continued: slanting smoke pipes through sun parlors on tanks on wires on: ( See Electrical Code.) Roof-signs: ( See Signs and Showbills.) Rooms (size and ventilation) : alcove business buildings *. public buildings residence buildings Rosettes, electrical: ( See Electrical Code.) Rubella, reports of cases Rubber cement, fee for permit to store Rubbish: ( See Ashes, Garbage and Refuse.) Rubble stone construction: ( See Masonry Construction.) limitation Rules of the road, traffic regulations Rules : building construction elevators fire extinguishing appliances of the road Running boards, electrical: ( See Electrical Code.) Rustications, restricted S. Safe carrying capacity (building construction) Safe-guards during building construction : excavations to be protected i fireproof floors floor openings overloading roofs and skylights of adjoining buildings scaffolding sidewalk sheds superintendent of buildings, duties temporary fences Safe loads for masonry work Safes, placing in buildings Safety stops, street cars and omnibuses Saloons : defined use of common towels in lavatories utensils for dispensing food and drink in : care of common use, prohibited Salting tracks, forbidden without permit Sand : as foundation bearing capacity dust, creation to be avoided specification Sec. Chap. Page 427 5 118 403 5 115 426 5 117 428 5 118 130 5 67 131 5 67 132 5 67 130 5 67 86 20 378 43 10 243 253 5 87 . 10-18 24 474 7 5 40 . 561 5 134 580 5 136 . 10-18 24 474 170 5 74 . 50-54 5 53 230 5 80 195 5 78 196 5 78 199 5 78 193 5 78 194 5 78 191 5 77 190 5 77 192 5 77 53 5 56 55 5 57 18 24 481 1 20 362 214 20 406 . 144, 145 20 392 143 20 392 23 22 437 231 5 82 231 5 82 253 20 415 24 5 51 629 INDEX. Sanitary Code : enforcement : contractors, duties misfeasance and non-feasance notices and orders, destruction of obstruction of health officers regulations and orders, observance subjects : alcohol : denatured, sale and distribution medicated, sale and distribution abatement of nuisances acts or omissions detrimental to public health acute anterior poliomyelitis, report of cases alcoholic spirits, permits to distill analyst of health department, presumption as to affi- davit animals : abandoned, disposition certain, carcasses of, not to be brought into city without inspection contagiously diseased or exposed dead : interference with placing in streets or public waters reporting, removal skinning, restricted diseased or injured beyond recovery homeless, shelter for injured beyond recovery interference with dead, sick or injured keeping or yarding in city noisy, keeping rabid or vicious small, keeping for sale throwing into streets or public waters dead, sick or injured anthrax : ( See infectious diseases.) anti-toxin, distribution arsenic poisoning, reports of cases artificial water, manufacture and sale ashes : defined collection and removal escape of dust from, prohibited Asiatic cholera : ( See infectious diseases.) bacterial organisms, inoculation bakeries, defined barbershops, conduct of bathing establishments : permit to maintain safeguards required, ocean bells, gongs, etc., noise from Sec. Chap. Page 182 20 402 181 20 402 189 20 403 186 20 403 184 20 403 131 20 387 130 20 387 185 20 403 181 20 402 86 20 378 332 20 423 188 20 403 2-4 20 366 172 20 399 6 20 366 7 £0 366 8 20 367 6 20 366 323, 324 20 422 5-7 20 366 16 20 368 5-7 20 366 7 20 366 11, 12 20 367 215 20 407 10 20 367 18 20 368 8 20 367 121 20 385 92 20 379 165 20 397 1 20 362 248-250 20 413 253 20 415 120 20 384 1 20 362 335 20 424 340 20 425 341 20 425 228 20 409 630 INDEX . Sanitary Code — Continued: Sec. Chap. Page subj ects — Continued : bichloride of mercury, sale restricted , 125 20 386 birds, noisy; keeping 215 20 407 births : certificates, falsification or forgery 36 20 371 on vessels, reports of 357 20 427 register : physicians and midwives to keep 31 20 369 transcripts, filing with health department.. 31 20 369 reports : parents, physicians and midwives to make.. 31 20 369 falsification or forgery of 36 20 371 bisulphide of carbon poisoning, reports of cases 92 20 379 boarding house : defined *1 20 362 food and drink : preparation and service 149 20 393 utensils for, care of 144 20 392 sailor inmates, reports as to sick 362 20 429 sanitary requirements 56 20 375 boiling fish, swill or offal, restricted 324 20 422 bones; boiling, burning or grinding 323, 324 20 422 brass poisoning, reports of cases 92 20 379 building, defined 183 20 402 building materials, as street obstructions 313 20 420 buildings, sanitary requirements 51-62 20 373 buildings, occupied; heating of 225 20 408 businesses, dangerous or detrimental to public health 321 20 421 butcher, defined 1 20 362 buttermilk, defined 1 20 362 caisson disease, reports of cases 92 20 379 calves, slaughtering age 160 20 396 camps, establishing and maintaining 217 20 407 cannabis indica, sale or distribution 126 20 386 carbolic acid, sale restricted 123 20 385 carbon monoxide poisoning, reports of cases 92 20 379 cattle : (See Animals.) keeping 11 20 367 maintenance, food and water 14 20 368 slaughtering restrictions 161 20 396 transporting alive, in vehicles 15 20 368 cellars : defined 1 20 362 sleeping or living in, prohibited 54 20 374 cemeteries, burial and exhumation of bodies 44, 45 20 372 cerebro-spinal meningitis : (See Infectious Diseases.) chemist, analyst or expert of health department, pre- sumption as to his affidavit 188 20 403 chickenpox : (See Infectious Diseases.) chickens : (See Fowl.) chief medical examiner, duties of 80 20 377 children : board and care 197 20 404 631 INDEX. Sanitary Code — Continued : Sec. Chap. Page subjects — Continued: children — Continued: day nurseries 198 20 404 physical care of school 200 20 405 vaccination 199 20 404 chloral, sale or distribution 126 20 386 cigars, cigarettes and tobacco : manufacturing, requirements and restrictions... 338 20 424 smoking in subway, prohibited 216 20 407 cinders, discharge or escape of 212 20 406 cleaning streets, method 311 20 420 coal, escape of dust 253 20 415 cold storage food, requirements and restrictions 71-75 20 376 communicable diseases; dispensary for; regulations. 223 20 407 conditions prejudicial to life or health 53 20 374 conjunctivitis (suppurative), reports of cases 91 20 379 contractors, duties and responsibilities 182 r 20 402 coughing or sneezing; persons to protect nose and mouth 226 20 408 cows: {See Animals.) keeping 12 20 367 tuberculin test 13 20 368 cream : variously defined 1 20 364 reconstituted ; sale regulated 174 20 399 reconstituted; adulterated 175 20 399 reconstituted; bottles, cans, etc., for holding; use regulated ; 176 20 400 crema, defined 152 20 394 crematories, requirements concerning 44, 45 20 372 cultures, distribution 121 20 385 cuspidors, where required 213 20 406 cyanide or cyanogen, use in fumigation 104 20 382 day nurseries, permit to maintain 198 20 404 dead animals: horses to be tagged by owner 9 20 367 interference with 7 20 366 placing in streets or public waters 8 20 367 reporting, removal 6 20 366 skinning, restricted 323, 324 20 422 dead bodies (human), requirements as to their care and disposition 37-45 20 . 371 deaths : certificates : physicians to make 32 20 370 falsification or forgery of 36 20 371 infectious disease cases, reports 90 20 379 medical examiners duties respecting 80 20 377 on board vessels, reports 357 20 427 physicians’ duties respecting: register to be kept, transcripts 32,33 20 370 reports and certificates 36 20 371 632 INDEX. Sanitary Code — Continued: subj ects — Continued : deaths — Continued : reports : Sec. Chap. Page physicians to make 32 20 370 falsification or forgery of 36 20 371 denatured alcohol, sale and distribution 131 20 387 dinitrobenzine poisoning, reports of cases diphtheria, croup: ( See Infectious Diseases.) diseases : infectious : 92 20 379 enumerated 86 20 378 exclusion from schools of persons having.. 94, 95 20 380 funerals of victims of 103 20 381 isolation of patients 89 20 379 removal to hospitals 97 20 380 removing, generally 98 20 380 reports of cases 86, 87 20 378 reports of deaths tenement house workers having, restrictions 90 20 379 upon 99 20 381 undertakers’ duties as to victims of occupational ; enumeration and requirements 102 20 381 concerning 92 20 379 venereal; reports required concerning 88 20 378 disinfection, after infectious diseases 101 20 381 dispensaries; communicable disease; regulations.... dogs: (See, also, Animals): 223 20 407 muzzling required 17 20 368 rabid or vicious 10 20 367 to be controlled so as not to commit nuisance., drainage from private property, escape across street 227 20 408 or sidewalk 271 20 416 drainage of marshland 272 20 416 drain pipes, location and construction 279-281 20 417 drinking utensils, common use of drugs and medicines : 143 20 392 adulterating and misbranding 116 20 382 anti-toxins 121 20 385 bacterial organisms, for inoculation 120 20 384 cultures 121 20 385 habit forming, restrictions concerning 126 20 386 misrepresenting patent and proprietary, requirements and re- 118 20 384 strictions as to sale and distribution 117 20 383 119 20 384 poisons; sale, distribution or use..'. 122 20 385 serums, free distribution 121 20 385 substitutions of and misrepresentations as to., ducks: ( See Fowl.) 118 20 384 dust, discharge or escape of 212 20 406 dwellings, sanitary requirements dysentery, epidemic: ( See Infectious Diseases.) 54 20 374 633 INDEX. Sanitary Code — Continued: Sec. Chap. Page subjects — Continued: eggs: breaking out, canning; permit required 331 20 423 “ spots ” and “ spot-eggs,” defined and sale re- stricted 331 20 423 factories : defined 1 20 362 cleaning, heating, lighting and ventilating, re- quirements 55 20 374 occupational diseases 92 20 379 over-crowding, prohibited 56 20 375 sanitary conditions, generally 51-53 20 373 suction ventilation, required in certain 339 20 425 farcy, duty of veterinarians and others respecting animals afflicted with 2-4 20 366 fat rendering: permit required for business 329 20 423 restrictions concerning 324 20 422 feathers, escape of fragments 253 20 415 fertilizer, manufacture restricted 324 20 422 fish : defined, generally 1 20 362 as “ meat ” 163 20 397 sale of unsound, prohibited 160 20 396 163 20 397 seizure and destruction of unsound 137 20 389 food: ( See Food and Drink.) defined 1 20 362 cold storage, requirements and restrictions 71-75 20 37.6 spoiled, reports of poisonings by 93 20 380 food and drink: defined 139 20 390 “ adulterated ” or “ misbranded,” defined and sale prohibited 139 20 390 beverages, care of appliances for serving 145 20 392 cold storage (food), requirements as to 71-75 20 376 condemnation and destruction of unwholesome. 137 20 389 dealers in, presumption as to possession of 138 20 390 deleterious substances in 141 20 391 drinking utensils, common use 143 20 392 eating utensils, common use 145 20 392 false name or quality, sale under 140 20 391 gelatin : adulterated or misbranded 178 20 401 defined 178 20 401 horses, slaughtering for food 327 20 422 inspection 136 20 389 manufacture and storage 146-149 20 392 meat and meat animals 160-162 20 396 milk and milk products 151-159 20 393 mineral or spring waters 165 20 397 oyster traffic 164 20 397 634 INDEX . Sanitary Code — Continued : Sec. Chap. Page subjects — Continued: food and drink — Continued: protection from dirt, dust or flies 142 20 391 sale and service 149, 150 20 393 spoiled, reports of poisonings by 93 20 380 unsound or unwholesome 163 20 397 unwholesome substances in 141 20 391 utensils for preparing or serving 144, 145 20 392 water : artificial or natural drinking 165 20 397 drinking hvdrant;s 169 20 398 public supply, protection of 166, 167 20 397 wells, restrictions as to use of 168 20 398 fowl : defined as “meat” , 163 20 397 keeping, killing or selling ' .19 20' 368 sale of sickly or unwholesome 160 20 396 garbage : defined 1 20 362 accumulation, collection and removal.......... 248-250 20 413 gas, discharge or escape of 212 20 406 gas manufacturing, requirements and restrictions.. 333 20 424 gas poisoning, reports of cases 92 20 379 gelatin : adulterated or misbranded 178 20 401 defined 178 20 401 glanders : in animals 2-4 20 366 in humans: ( See Infectious Diseases.) glue making, restricted 324 20 422 gutters (roof), construction and maintenance 283 20 418 goats: ( See Animals.) gut-cleaning, restricted 324 20 422 habit-forming drugs, enumerated; sale or distribu- tion restricted 126 20 386 hair, escape of bits of loose 253 20 415 brushes and hair cloth 230 20 409 hide cleaning, restricted 324 20 422 hides and leather, permit required to scour or dress. 328 20 423 hook-worm diseases: ( See Infectious Diseases.) horses : ( See Animals.) slaughtering for food 327 20 422 tags required for dead 9 20 367 hospitals, public or private : establishment or maintenance, permit required.. 220 20 407 infectious diseases in, reports required 86 20 378 occupational diseases, reports of cases 92 20 379 venereal diseases, reports of cases 88 20 378 house-boats, permits required to use 360 20 428 ice cream : adulterated or misbranded 177 20 400 defined 177 20 400 635 INDEX. Sanitary Code — Continued: Sec. Chap, subjects — Continued: infantile paralysis: ( See Infectious Diseases.) infectious diseases : defined 1 20 enumerated 86 20 acts tending to spread 100 20 bodies of victims of, disposition 102, 103 20 deaths from, reports of 90 20 disinfection of premises affected 101 20 funerals of victims 103 20 institutions to report cases 86 20 91 20 patients : exclusion from schools 94,95 20 isolation 89 20 96 20 manufacturing by tenement, prohibited 99 20 removal to hospitals 97 20 removing from place to place 98 20 physicians must report : cases 86 20 deaths 90 20 reports of cases, required 86,87 20 reports of deaths, required 90 20 restrictions as to persons having 99 20 146 20 undertakers’ duties as to victims of 102 20 spreading, restrictions against 100 20 inquests, requirements concerning 80 20 inspector of health department, interference with.. 186 20 institutions : infectious diseases in: patients to be isolated 96 20 removal of patients 97 20 reports concerning 86, 87 20 occupational diseases, reports of cases 92 20 poisonings by spoiled food, reports of cases 93 20 venereal diseases, reports of cases 88 20 lambs: ( See Animals), slaughtering age 160 20 lamp-black, permit required to make 332 20 laundries (public), conduct of 336 20 leaders (roof), construction and use 283 20 lead poisoning, reports of cases 92 20 leprosy: ( See Infectious Diseases.) lessees of buildings, responsibility for sanitary con- ditions 51-54 20 182 20 light, defined 1 20 light of buildings, adequacy 52 20 lime burning, restricted 324 20 lime, escape of dust from 253 20 Page 362 378 381 381 379 381 381 378 379 380 379 380 381 380 380 378 379 378 379 381 392 381 381 377 403 380 380 378 379 380 378 396 423 424 418 379 373 402 362 373 422 415 636 INDEX. Sanitary Code — Continued : Sec. Chap. Page subjects — Continued: lodging houses : defined 1 20 362 conditions prejudicial to life or health in 53 20 374 light, strength, ventilation and sewerage 52 20 373 maintenance, permit required 334 20 424 over-crowding, prohibited 56 20 375 sick lodgers lately aboard vessels, reports as to. 362 20 429 malarial fever: ( See Infectious Diseases.) marriages : certificates : clergymen or others performing ceremonies to make 34 20 370 falsification or forgery of 36 20 371 clergymen or others performing ceremonies, duties : marriage register to be kept 34 20 370 register transcript, filing 33 20 370 registration in health department 35 20 371 falsification or forgery of records or certificated 36 20 371 on vessels, reports of 357 20 427 measles: ( See Infectious Diseases.) meat : defined 1 20 362 163 20 397 sale of restrictions 160-163 20 396 medical examiners, duties of 80 20 377 medicated alcohol, sale and distribution of meningitis, cerebro-spinal and tuberculous: ( See In- 130 20 387 fectious Diseases.) mercurial poisoning, reports of cases 92 20 379 metals, permit to refine or treat 332 20 423 methyl alcohol : poisoning by, reports of cases 92 20 379 sale and distribution restricted 124 20 385 midwifery, practice requirements 196 20 404 midwives : duties as to births : register, filing transcripts 31 20 369 reports and certificates 31 20 369 milk : variously defined 1 20 362 reconstituted; sale regulated 174 20 399 adulterated 175 20 399 bottles, cans, etc., for holding; use regulated... 176 20 400 milk and milk products : “adulterated,” defined and seizure authorized.. 151-154 20 393 condensed and condensed skimmed 154 20 395 delivery, permit required 155 20 395 derivatives, quality of products 158 20 396 grades and designations 156, 157 20 396 “modified,” defined and sales restricted 155 20 395 receptacles for, requirements 159 20 396 637 INDEX. Sanitary Code — Continued: Sec. Chap. Page subjects — Continued: milk and milk products — Continued: reconstituted-, sale regulated 174 20 399 sale or keeping, permit required 155 skimmed, adulterated ; distribution prohibited ; 20 395 term defined 173 20 399 morphine, sale or distribution 126 20 386 motor-boats, mufflers for exhausts 361 20 428 motor vehicles, loud and explosive noises.. 229 20 409 mumps : ( See Infectious Diseases.) noise, made by animals or birds 215 20 407 noise, made by automobiles and motor vehicles 229 20 409 noise, made by bells, gongs, etc 228 20 409 notices of health department, protection of.. 189 20 403 “ not sound,” defined 163 20 397 nuisances : abatement 185 20 403 creation or maintenance, responsibility.. 183 20 402 generally 53 nurses, requirements and restrictions as to profes- 20 374 sional 219 20 407 obstruction of streets : animal or vehicular 312 20 420 building material or debris 313 20 420 occupational diseases ■ defined 92 20 379 cases of, to be reported 92 20 379 employees to be safeguarded against occupations dangerous or detrimental to 337 life or 20 424 health, prohibited 321 20 42 occupied buildings, heating of 225 20 408 odors, escape of offensive or noisome 212 20 406 offal: ( See Offensive Materials), boiling, restricted. 323, 324 20 422 offensive materials or liquids : accumulations : restrictions as to disturbance of 232 20 410 retention and disposition 242 20 412 collection 241 20 412 dangerous to life or health 231 20 410 dead or diseased animals, disposal 243 20 412 escape to street, public place or public waters . . 233-234 20 412 filling in vacant lots with 251 20 415 garbage boats, restricted 238 20 411 heating, drying, boiling or storing 324 20 422 manure : accumulating, storing 242 20 412 transporting 20 412 offal and butchers' refuse 239 20 411 privies, sinks, vaults and cess-pools 235-237 20 411 transportation 238-241 20 411 vehicles carting, maintenance 244 20 413 vessels carrying, dock restrictions 238 20 411 245, 246 20 413 638 INDEX. Sanitary Code — Continued: Sec. Chap. Page subj ects — Continued : offensive or noisome trades, occupations and busi- nesses, restricted 322-332 20 422 omnibuses : cleaning 301 20 419 heating 304 20 420 soiled clothing or bedding in 302 20 419 ventilating 303 20 419 opium, sale and distribution 126 20 386 orders of health department, compliance 184 20 403 ores, permit required to refine or treat 332 20 423 owners of buildings, responsibility for sanitary conditions 51-54 20 373 183 20 402 oysters, restrictions upon traffic in 164 20 397 paratyphoid fever: ( See Infectious Diseases.) passenger cars: cleaning 301 20 419 heating 304 20 420 soiled clothing or, bedding in 302 20 419 ventilating 303 20 419 permit : defined ’ 1 20 362 false statements in application for 187 20 403 required: ( See Specific Subject.) pestilential disease, defined 1 20 362 phosphorus poisoning, reports of cases 92 20 379 physicians : , defined 1 20 362 births : register, filing transcripts 31 20 369 reports and certificates 31 20 369 deaths : ' infectious disease cases, reports 90 20 379 registry, filing transcripts 32, 33 20 370 reports and certificates 32 20 370 infectious diseases : cases to be reported 86 20 378 deaths to be reported 90 20 379 registration with health department 218 20 407 pigeons, keeping alive 20 20 '369 pigs: ( See Animals), slaughtering age 160 20 396 places of public worship, responsibilities of persons in charge for sanitary conditions 57 20 375 plague: ( See Infectious Diseases.) plumbing: construction, installation 278-281 20 417 maintenance, repair 277 20 417 ventilation 282 20 418 private market : defined 1 20 362 privies, vaults and cesspools, construction and maintenance 284-287 20 418 63 9 INDEX. Sanitary Code — Continued: Sec. Chap. Page subj ects — Continued: public place, defined 1 20 362 puerperal septicaemia, reports of cases 91 20 379 rabid animals, care and destruction 10 20 367 rabies: ( See Infectious Diseases.) rahm, defined 152 20 394 refrigerators, construction of drain-pipes 280 20 418 refuse: ( See Rubbish), defined 1 20 362 registered nurses, protection of title 219 20 407 regulations of health department, observance 184 20 403 roofs and skylights, maintenance 59 20 375 rubella, German measles : ( See Infectious Diseases.) rubbish : defined 1 20 362 collection and removal 248-250 20 413 saloon : defined 1 20 362 drinking utensils : care of 144, 145 20 392 common use, prohibited 143 20 392 towels, common use 214 20 406 sand, escape of dust from 253 20 415 sausage making, permit required 330 20 423 scarlet fever: ( See Infectious Diseases.) schools : infectious diseases in: exclusion of pupils having 94 20 380 reports of cases 87 20 378 teachers having tuberculosis 95 20 380 sanitary condition of, responsibility for 57 20 375 serums, distribution 121 20 385 sewerage of buildings, responsibility for 52 20 373 sewers and drains : construction and care of private 275, 276 20 417 escape of offensive matter into public 274 20 417 flushing, public 273 20 416 protection from street refuse 311 20 420 ventilating 282 20 418 sextons, duties respecting dead bodies 43-45 20 372 shell burning, restricted 324 20 422 shell-fish, disposition of refuse from 247 20 413 sidewalks and curbing, maintenance 53 20 374 skimmed milk, variously defined 1 20 362 skinning dead animals, restricted 323, 324 20 422 slaughtering food animals : age restrictions, calves, lambs and pigs 160 20 396 “ dressed,” defined 160 20 396 overheated or feverish cattle 161 20 396 restrictions, location of abbatoir 325, 326 20 422 slaughtering horses for food 327 20 422 small-pox: (See Infectious Diseases.) smeteny, sale of 152 20 394 640 INDEX . Sanitary Code — Continued : subj ects — Continued : bee. Chap. Page smoke, discharge of dense smoking cigars, cigarettes or pipes, prohibited in 211 20 405 subway 216 20 407 smoking or preserving meat or fish, permit required. 330 20 423 soil pipes, location and construction sore throat, epidemic septic : ( See Infectious Dis- eases.) 279 20 417 spitting, prohibited 213 20 406 spring water, distribution stable : 165 20 397 defined 1 20 362 permit required for 58 20 375 sanitary condition of, responsibility 51-53 20 373 steam, discharge or escape of street obstruction : 212 20 406 animals or vehicles 312 20 420 building materials or debris 313 20 420 strength of buildings, to be adequate 52 20 373 substitution of drugs or medicines 118 20 384 suppurative conjunctivitis, reports of cases 91 20 379 tanning, permit required to engage in 328 20 423 tar, permit required to make 332 20 423 tenants of buildings, responsibilities 51-54 20 373 tenement house, infected occupants forbidden to 183 20 402 engage in manufacturing 99 20 381 tents, establishing or maintaining tetanus: ( See Infectious Diseases.) 217 20 407 theatres, sanitary requirements 51-53 20 373 55 20 374 towels, use of common trachoma: ( See Infectious Diseases.) trichinosis : ( See Infectious Diseases.) tuberculosis, pulmonary: ( See Infectious Diseases.) 214 20 406 turpentine, permit required to make typhoid fever: ( See Infectious Diseases.) typhus fever: ( See Infectious Diseases.) undertakers : 332 20 421 business of, regulated 46 20 373 permit required 46 20 373 care of dead persons 43-45 20 372 duty respecting infected bodies 103 20 381 vacant lots, cleaning and maintaining 251 20 415 vaccination of children and other wards 199 20 404 vaccine, distribution varicella, chicken pox: ( See Infectious Diseases.) 121 20 385 varnish and oil, permit to boil 332 20 423 vegetables, defined and sale regulated venereal diseases: 163 20 397 reports of 88 20 380 restrictions upon employment of persons having 641 146 20 392 INDEX. Sanitary Code — Continued: Sec. Chap. Page subj ects — Continued : ventilation of buildings, adequacy 52 20 373 vent pipes, construction and location 281 20 418 vessels : births aboard, reports 357 20 427 cargo : permit to discharge 358 20 428 skins, hides and rags 358 20 428 deaths aboard, reports 357 20 427 from infected ports, port restrictions 352 20 426 immigrants’ bedding, etc., disposition 359 20 428 infected articles, removal from 354 20 427 infectious disease abroad : quarantine, permit 352 20 426 removal of patients 354, 355 20 427 report of cases 351 20 426 in port, daily report to health department 353 20 427 marriages abroad, reports 357 20 427 refuse and rubbish must not be cast overboard from 356 20 427 violations ; punishment for ; under penal law and charter 224 20 408 walls and ceilings, care of 60 20 375 waste pipes, location and construction 279 20 417 281 20 418 water-closets, equipment and maintenance 284 20 418 water supply : hydrants, injury to or interference with 169 20 398 purity and wholesomeness, to be safeguarded... 166, 167 20 397 wells, restrictions as to use 168 20 398 water tanks, care of 61 20 375 whooping cough: ( See Infectious Diseases.) wood alcohol : poisoning by, reports of cases 92 20 379 106 20 381 sale or distribution 124 20 385 wood naphtha : poisoning by, reports of cases 92 20 379 sale or distribution 124 20 385 work-rooms : sanitary requirements 55 20 374 suction ventilation, when required * 339 20 425 yellow fever: ( See Infectious Diseases.) Sanitoria ; infectious diseases in: cases to be reported 91 20 379 patients to be isolated 96 20 380 Sausage, manufacture 330 20 423 Scaffolds, in building construction 194 5 78 Scarlet fever, report of cases 86 20 378 Scenic railway : a common show 60 3 41 construction and operation 560-568 5 134 642 INDEX. Schools : buildings : classification construction : generally details: ( See Specific Subject, Building Code.) exit facilities health and safety requirements : fire alarm connection fire extinguishing appliances health certificates required infected pupils, exclusion physical care of pupils puerperal septicaemia and suppurative conjunc- tivitis, report of cases responsibility for compliance with teachers having tuberculosis, exclusion restrictions : explosives and hazardous trades : ( See Specific Subject.) fire drills, interfering with hand organs speed of vehicles street noises traffic on streets near use of common towels School streets, traffic regulation on Scuttles (roof), required Seal: city building bureaus Second-hand dealers: ( See Dealers in Second-hand Articles.) Self-closing fire-doors ( See Fire Doors.) Selling or vending, in parks Septicaemia (puerperal), report of cases Series, electrical: ( See Electrical Code.) Serum (therapeutic) : free distribution of requirements concerning Service wires : ( See Electrical Code.) Session laws, printing for Queens and Richmond Sewage disposal works, included in “sewer” Sewer, defined Sewers and drains : borough presidents’ control connections : adequacy changes in, notification of health department flushing making : permit required fee for permit licensed constructors required materials and mode Sec. Chap. Page 70 5 58 .-73 5 58 152 5 69 20 12 301 20 12 301 200 20 405 94 20 380 200 20 405 91 20 379 57 20 375 94 20 380 J. „*f 1 22 12 302 170 14 330 17 24 467 132 23 439 132 23 439 214 20 406 132 23 451 425 5 117 2 1 10 9 5 49 12 17 348 91 20 379 121 20 385 116 20 382 8 27 501 1 1 9 1 1 9 1 21 430 276 20 417 275 20 417 273 20 416 10 21 430 12 21 431 13 21 431 10 21 430 643 INDEX. Sewers and drains — Continued : connections — Continued : water supply for construction : private notice to public service corporations of excavations. injury to or removal of manholes, basins, etc outlet to tidewater prohibited discharges into : gas making effluent , matter likely to obstruct k steam or hot water street sweepings or other refuse volatile inflammable liquids ventilators for, construction violations Sextons, registration and duties Shafts in buildings: defined dumb-waiter, fireproofing elevator, enclosure elevators, number in enclosure of fireproofing gates for elevator or hoistway light and vent trapdoors in vent Shale oil: ( See Petroleum.) Shanties (builders’), construction Sheds : generally over sidewalks during construction Sheep : ( See Animals.) contagiously diseased, keeping or importing keeping slaughtering : permit required restricted in Manhattan unfit for food, condemnation yarding Shellfish, disposition of refuse from Shell road bridge (Brooklyn), location Shells, burning Ship canal bridge (Harlem river), location Shooting galleries: defined license, required fee minors forbidden to use Shop : ( See Factories.) defined nuisances prohibited in Show cases, upon sidewalks Sec. Chap. Page 15 21 431 11 21 430 14 21 431 23 21 432 274 20 417 333 20 424 20 21 432 22 21 432 17 22 423 21 21 432 283 20 418 24 21 432 43,44 20 372 370 5 105 373 5 106 373 5 106 373 5 106 373 5 106 374 5 108 374 5 108 373 5 106 374 5 108 373 5 106 477 5 120 477 5 120 191 5 77 4 20 366 11 20 367 325 20 422 326 20 422 137 20 389 11 20 367 247 20 413 1 4 43 324 20 422 1 4 42 160 14 330 1 14 307 161 14 330 160 14 330 183 20 402 183 20 402 147 23 455 644 INDEX . Sec. Chap. Page Show-rooms, exit facilities 152 5 69 Shows: ( See Common Shows.) in houses, obstructing streets 22 23 440 in streets, restricted 136 23 452 Show windows, construction 422 5 116 446 5 119 Shut-off valves, required 601 5 138 Shutters, fireproof ; when required 375 5 108 Sick persons : emergency cases 1 13 306 incurables 13 S06 insane 1 13 306 non-residents 4 13 306 Sidewalk : included within “ street ” 1 1 9 Sidewalk bridges, building construction 141 23 453 Sidewalk sheds, construction 191 5 77 Sidewalks : abutting owners’ responsibilities 23 463 animals prohibited on 312 20 420 board or plank, restricted 183 23 464 bridges across, building construction 141 23 453 building projections upon 170-174 5 74 carriageways across 184 23 464 carrying capacity, safe loads 53 5 56 composition and construction 180 23 451 construction by abutting owner 185 23 452 defacement of 187 23 452 displays of food and drink on 142 23 383 drainage from buildings, crossing 271 20 416 drains across 182 23 451 encroachments upon 170 174 5 74 incumbrances and obstructions 140 152 23 441 injury of 187 23 452 interference with 186 23 452 maintenance 181 23 451 nuisances on, abatement 53 20 374 obstruction and incumbrances 140-152 23 441 obstruction, by merchandise or vehicles 188 23 453 312 20 420 property owners may lay 185 ' 23 452 removal of obstructions on 53 20 374 repairing and relaying 181 23 451 spitting upon, prohibited 213 20 406 safe loads, during construction 53 5 56 sheds over, building construction 191 5 77 unlawful extensions 181 23 463 vaults under 240-243 23 470 width 180 23 463 violations 189 23 465 645 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Sightseeing cars: defined 80 14 315 rates of fare 102 14 320 regulation of 82 14 315 Signaling system : defined 1 9 167 construction and installation 685, 686 9 228 Signal lights, electrical: (See Electrical Code.) Signal lights (explosive), regulations as to manufacture 91 10 255 Signature, defined 2 5 45 Sign flashes: ( See Electrical Code.) Signs and show-bills : general provisions 210 23 466 electric : authorization . 215 23 468 construction ' 583 9 227 exemption 219 23 470 exceptions, Fifth avenue (Manhattan) 210 23 466 existing : permits for 211 23 466 alteration of 218 23 469 gas illuminated 215 23 468 ground-level 211,212 23 466 illuminated 215 23 468 inspection 221 23 470 public, protection of 222 23 470 roof-signs 211 23 466 213 23 467 street signs, protection of 222 23 470 unlawful 217 23 469 unsafe 216 23 469 wall-signs 214 23 467 violations 223 23 470 Silver, sale of second-hand articles of 40 14 310 Sinking Fund Commissioners (Board of) : investment of assets of sinking funds 8 2 16 leases of city property 102 2 22 quorum 3 2 14 payment of interest on city debt 5 2 15 record of proceedings 9 2 17 report to board of aldermen 9 2 17 Sinking fund of the city of New York for the payment of interest : composition . 5 2 15 disbursements from 5 2 15 Sinking fund of the city of New York for the redemption of the city debt : composition 4 2 15 investment of assets 8 2 16 Sinking funds : collection of income 6 2 15 reports as to condition 9 2 17 646 INDEX . Sec. Chap. Page Skating in parks : on ice 14 17 348 roller skates 8 17 347 Skeleton (iron or steel) construction 351 5 99 Skids, across sidewalk 188 23 465 Skylights : construction 424 5 116 maintenance 59 20 • 375 protection of, during adjoining building construction... 193 5 78 Slanting roofs, construction 427 5 118 Slaughter houses: ( See Factories.) establishment or maintenance, permit required 325 20 422 restricting, Manhattan 326 20 422 Sleighs, bells on 39 24 485 Slow-burning fuse: ( See Blasting Caps) defined 1 10 233 Smallpox, report of cases 86 20 378 Smeteny : defined 156 20 395 adulteration 152 20 394 quality prescribed 158 20 396 Smoke, discharge of dense 211 20 405 Smoke flues : ( See Flues.) Smoke-houses : classified 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 specifications 399 5 114 Smokeless powder: ( See Black Powder, Blasting Powder and Smokeless Powder.) defined 1 10 235 Smoke pipes : defined 390 5 110 construction 403 5 115 Smoke stacks, construction of metal 394 5 112 Smoking cigars, cigarettes, etc., prohibited : hazardous trades 8 io 236 in subways 216 20 407 Snapswitches : ( See Electrical Code.) Snow and ice : dumping; regulated 24 22 437 payment of laborers removing 2 19 removal from roadways and crosswalks 20 22 435 from sidewalks 21 22 435 salt and saltpeter; to remove 23 22 437 street railroads to co-operate in removal of 21 22 435 sweepers and snow-ploughs, use by railroads 22 22 436 use of ashes, sand or saw-dust 21 22 435 Soda or mineral water : fountains, charges for water supply 21 25 487 manufacturers, charge for water supply 21 25 487 647 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Soda or mineral water — Continued: manufacturing, requirements and restrictions. 165 20 397 utensils for dispensing, care of 145 20 392 Soda water: ( See Gases Under Pressure.) Soils, bearing capacity : specified 231 5 81 statement of, in plans for new buildings 231 5 81 Soluble cotton ( See Nitro-cellulose products.) defined 1 10 235 containers 61 10 245 Sore throat (epidemic septic), report of cases 86 20 378 Spark arresters : ( See Electrical Code.) Special license: (Electrical Control.) defined 1 9 167 application 7 9 168 examination of applicant 8 9 168 fee 9 9 169 period 6 9 168 modification, suspension or revocation 6 9 168 Special permit: (Electrical Control.) issue, conditions 1 9 167 fee 9 9 169 term 6 9 167 modification, suspension or revocation 6 9 168 Special permit: (Explosives and Hazardous Trades.) issue 25 10 238 fee 44 10 244 renewal, revocation • 26 10 238 Speed of vehicles: generally 17 24 479 in parks 30 17 350 on bridges 2 4 43 street cars 15 24 478 Speedway (Harlem river), regulations 38 17 352 Spires, construction 475 5 120 Spirits : distilling, rectifying or storing : permit, required 250 10 284 fee 43 10 242 restrictions : fire prevention 253 10 285 Place 251 10 284 quantities 252 10 285 sanitary 332 20 423 Spitting, where prohibited 213 20 406 Sprinklered buildings : defined 150 5 69 exit facilities 152 5 69 stairway allowance 153 5 70 Sprinkling streets, by street railroads 16 22 434 648 INDEX. Stables : Sec. Chap. Page classification 70 5 58 construction : generally 71-73 5 58 details: ( See Specific Subjects, Building Code.) fire prevention requirements 28 12 304 maintenance, permit required 58 20 375 water rates 21 25 487 Stair exit, defined 150 5 69 Stairways : construction : generally * 153 5 70 interior 153 5 70 enclosure of r 153 5 70 exterior, construction 154 5 72 in streets, restrictions 170 5 74 ornamental 153 5 70 recesses in walls for 261 5 90 safes not to be placed in 55 5 57 spaces under, to be kept clear 153 5 70 Standing in aisles and passageways : buildings of a public character 491 5 122 motion picture theatres 34 3 36 places of amusement 9 3 32 theatres 9 3 32 Standpipes (fire service), required 581 5 137 Stands, construction, generally 478 5 121 Stands within stoop-lines and under elevated railway stair- cases : licenses, required 149 23 455 applicants for, graded 149 23 455 fee 149 23 455 boot-blacking; restrictions 149 23 455 conditions of licenses 149 23 455 consents of property owners 149 23 455 construction 149 23 455 dimensions . 149 23 455 display of licenses 149 23 455 licenses not transferable 149 23 455 merchandise that may be sold 149 23 455 preferences : persons discharged from war services 149 23 455 widows of deserving licensees 149 23 455 report to police department 149 23 455 restrictions 149 23 455 revocation of property owner’s consent 149 23 455 sleeping in; prohibited 149 23 455 stands under “L” staircases, special requirements 149 23 455 transfer of licenses 149 23 455 violations : generally 10 27 502 transfer of license 149 23 455 Statements respecting health matters, false or misleading... 187 20 403 649 INDEX. Sec. Chap. Page Stations and dynamo rooms : ( See Electrical Code.) Steam : discharge into open air 20 406 escape into sewers 22 21 432 Steam boilers : classified 391 5 110 installation or alteration 390 5 110 Steamheating, construction and setting of appliances... 404 5 115 Steam pipes, fire protection 404 5 115 Steel construction, buildings ... 301-313 5 93 Steeple-chase : a common show 60 3 41- construction and operation ... 560-568 5 134 Steps or stoops (in streets) : in park streets 60 17 354 restricted 170 5 74 removal of unauthorized 168 23 462 violations 170 23 462 Stock of city, included within “ city debt and city stock ” 1 2 14 Stocks and bonds of the city : defined 1 2 14 assessment bonds 2 2 •14 purchases, sinking fund purposes 8 2 16 sinking for interest on 5 2 15 sinking fund for redemption of 4 2 15 sinking funds, holdings of 8 2 16 Stone: {See Building Materials.) Stone masonry : generally ' 5 87 foundations 232 5 82 Stoops: {See Steps and Stoops.) Storage or primary batteries 210 9 175 Storage garage : permit, required 151 10 267 fee 43 10 241 construction 152 10 267 fire prevention 159 10 269 lighting 158 10 269 oil separators 10 268 restrictions 10 267 storage system 156 10 269 supervision 153 10 267 supplying vehicles 157 10 268 Storage warehouses : classification 70 5 58 construction : generally . . . 71 73 5 58 details : {See Specific Subject, Building Code.) theatre-building restriction 5 133 ventilation 5 67 650 INDEX. Stores : Sec. Chap. Page classification 70 5 58 construction : generally . 71-73 5 58 details: ( See Specific Subject, Building Code.) exit facilities 152 5 69 fire prevention : fire alarm connection 20 12 301 fire extinguishing appliances 20 12 301 protection of lights 23 12 302 theatre building restriction 536 5 113 public health requirements and restrictions : cleanliness, heating and lighting 55 20 374 occupancy, overcrowding 56 20 B75 spitting prohibited in 213 20 406 use of common towels, forbidden 214 20 406 ventilation 55 20 374 Storm doors, construction 150 23 458 Story, defined 2 5 45 Straw: (5V, 302 113-115 Repealed. 116. .Ch. 5 , §303 117. .Ch. 5, §303 118. .Ch. 5 , §303 119 Repealed. 120.. .Ch. 5, §308 121. .Ch. 5, §309 122., .Ch. 5 , §304 123. .Ch. 5, §306 124., .Ch. 5, §307 681 TABLE OF DISPOSITION. Code of 1906. Code of 1916. 125 Ch. 5, §305 126 Ch. 5, §§305, 306 127 Ch. 5, §305 128 Ch. 5, §312 129 Ch. 5, §310 130 Ch. 5, §53 131 Repealed. 132 Ch. 5, §55 133 Ch. 5, §50 134 Repealed 135 Ch. 5, §21 136 Ch. 5, §50 137 Ch. 5, §50 138 Ch. 5, §52 139 Ch. 5, §51 140 Ch. 5, §54 141 Omitted; superseded by Ord. of Nov. 10, 1914. Covered by Ch. 5, §§600-604 142 lst-7th sentence. Repealed. 8th sentence Ch. 5, §623 9th-l 1th sentences. Repealed. 12th sentence Ch. 5, §94 13th sentence. Repealed. 143 Revised Ch. 5, §§90, 91 144 Revised Ch. 5, §§470-481 145 Ch. 5, §93 146 Repealed. 147 Repealed. 148 Omitted; covered by Charter, §410. 149 Omitted ; covered by Charter, §411. 1 150 Ch. 5, §654 151 Ch. 5, §652 152 Ch. 5, §650 153 1st sentence; 1st clause.. Ch. 5, §630 remainder Ch. 5, §631 154 1st sentence; 1st clause.. Ch. 5, §632 remainder Ch. 5, §653 2d sentence Ch. 5, §633, subd. 2 3rd-5th sentence. .Ch. 5, §633, subd. 3 155 Ch. 20, §§634-637 156 Ch. 5, §653 157 Ch. 5, §638 157a Ch. 5, §651 158 1st sentence; omitted; covered by Charter. §255. 2nd sentence. .Ch. 5, §639, subds. 1, 2 Code of 1906. Code of 1916. 158 3rd sentence Ch. 5, §639, subd. 3 159 Ch. 5, §4 160 Ch. 5, §5 161 Omitted ; covered by Ch. 28, §2. 162. Redundant. 163 Redundant; covered by Ch. 28. § 1 . 164 Redundant; covered by gen- eral section 2 of Code. Chapter 16. PARK ORDINANCES, RULES AND REGULATIONS. (Superseded by Park Regulations, adopted Nov. 19, 1914, by Park Board, under the authority conferred by the Charter, §§610, 612. The Park Regula- tions, so adopted, were subsequently adopted by the Board of Aldermen and, as such, constitute chapter 17 of the Code of Ordinances, ante.) PART II; ORDINANCES RELATING TO MANHATTAN. Ch. 24, §13 ...Ch. 22, §10, Ch. 24, §16 Ch. 23, §133 covered by Ch. 23, §130 Redundant. covered by....Ch. 27, §10 Ord effective §§ 1 - 2 .... 3 4-6.... 7 Omitted 8 Omitted 9 Omitted 10-14 Repealed; July 16, 1915. 15-17 Ch. 26, §30 18 Omitted ; obsolete. 19 Ch. 26, §31, subd. 1 20 Ch. 26, §34 21 Omitted; covered by Ch. 27, §10 22 Ch. 26, §32, subd. 1 23 Ch. 26, §32, subd. 3 24 Ch. 26, §32, subd. 2 25 Repealed; Ord. Effective July 16. 1915. 26-33 Ch. 10, §69 34 Ch. 11, §4 35 Ch. 11, §5 36,37 Ch. 11, §3 38 Ch. 27, §3 682 GENERAL ORDINANCES REPEALED. Code of 1906. Code of 1916. 39 (As amended by Ord. of July 7, 1914).. Ch. 14, §170, and Ch. 23, §136 40 Ch. 23, §22 41 Ch. 24, §30 42 Ch. 23, §250 43-55 Ch. 5, §§210-215 56-58 Ch. 19, §11 59,60 Ch. 19, §10 61,62 Repealed; Ord. effective Feb. 9, 1915. 63,64 Ch. 19, §12 65 Repealed; Ord. effective Feb. 9, 1915. 66 Ch. 19, §34 67,68 Ch. 19, §§32, 33 69 Omitted; covered by Ch. 27, §10 70 Ch. 19, §30 71 Ch. 19, §34, Ch. 27, §10 72 Omitted; redundant. 73 Omitted ; repealed by resolu- tion of Board of Estimate. 74-77 Repealed by Ord. effective Feb. 9, 1915. 78 Ch. 19, §1 79 Repealed; Ord. effective Feb. 9, 1915. 80 Ch. 23, §10 81 Ch. 23, §251 82 Ch. 12, §3 83 Ch. 12, §13 84 Ch. 23, §187 85-87 Omitted; repealed. 88 Ch. 24, §35 89, 90 Ch. 24, §34 91 Ch. 24, §39 92-94 Omitted ; covered by Ch. 14, §§80-109 95-97 Ch. 23, §§110, 111 PART III; ORDINANCES RELATING TO BROOKLYN. §1 Ch. 23, §142, subd. 1 2 Ch. 23, §3 3 Repealed. 4 Ch. 25, §3 5 Ch. 23, §180 6 Ch. 23, §180 7,8 Ch. 23, §181 9 Ch. 23, §185 Code of 1906. Code of 1916. 10 Ch. 23, §180 11,12 Ch. 23, §143 13 Ch. 23, §185 14 Ch. 23, §64 14a Ch. 23, §160 14b Ch. 23, §180 15 Omitted; covered by Ch. 27, §10 16 Ch. 27, §3 17 Omitted; covered by Penal Law, §970. 18 Ch. 25, §43 19 Ch. 12, §5 20, 21 Ch. 23, §252 22 Ch. 12, §5 23 Ch. 23, §23 24 Ch. 23, §10 25 Ch. 12, §27 26 Ch. 12, §28 27 Ch. 12, §3 28 Ch. 19, §32 29 Ch. 23, §242 30-43 Ch. 5, §§210-215 44, 45 Ch. 14, §171 46 Ch. 14, §170 47 Ch. 27, §10 48-58 Repealed; by Ord. effective Feb. 9, 1915. 59 Ch. 19, §11 60-69 Repealed ; by Ord. effective Feb. 9, 1915. 70 Ch. 19, §31 71 Repealed. 72 Ch. 23, §160 73 Ch. 23, §110 74 Omitted; a special ordinance. 75 Omitted; superseded by Ord. • of July 7, 1914 Ch. 25, §44 76 Ch. 27, §2, subd. 2 77 Ch. 4, §2 78 Ch. 23, §134 79 Repealed; by Ord. effective July 16, 1915. 80 Omitted ; covered by Penal Law, §1423. 81 Ch. 23, §12 82 Omitted ; covered by Ch. 8, §61, subd. 2 83 Ch. 24, §37 683 TABLE OF DISPOSITION. Code of 1906. Code of 1916. 84 Omitted; covered by... ..Ch. 27, §10 85 Omitted; covered by... ...Ch. 28, §1 PART IV; ORDINANCES RELATING TO LONG ISLAND CITY. §1 ...Ch. 12, §5 2 ..Ch. 25, §43 3, 4 Repealed. 5 Redundant. 6 .Ch. 23, §170 7 Repealed. 8, 9, 10 Repealed. 11-19 Repealed. 20 .Ch. 23, §168 21 ..Ch. 14, §70 22 .Ch. 23, §187 23, 24 ..Ch. 23, §80 25 ..Ch. 23, §81 26 Omitted; covered by... .Ch. 23, §142 27 ..Ch. 23, §81 28-39 Covered by Ch. 5, §§210-215 40, 41 ..Ch. 10, §69 43 .Ch. 23, §133 44 .Ch. 23, §162 45 .Ch. 23, §188 46 .Ch. 23, §210 47 .Ch. 23, §136 48 .Ch. 23, §140 49, 50 ..Ch. 19, §11 51 Repealed by Ord. effective Feb. 9, 1915. PART V; ORDINANCES RELATING TO FLUSHING. §1 , .Ch. 23, §80 2 Omitted ; conflicts with Char- ter, §993. 3 .Ch. 23, §180 4 .Ch. 23, §180 5 , Ch. 23, §182 6 Ch. 23, §§61-63 7 .Ch. 23, §186 8 Ch. 23, §181 9 Repealed. 10 ,Ch. 23, §168 11 , . Ch. 23, §90 12 .Ch. 23, §96 13 Omitted ; covered by Penal Law, §1431. Code of 1906. Code of 1916. 14, 15 Ch. 21, §10 16 Ch. 21, §12 17 Ch. 21, §10 18 Ch. 27, §10 PART VI; ORDINANCES RELATING TO JAMAICA. §1 Ch. 23, §8C 2 Ch. 23, §130; Ch. 12, §6 PART VII; ORDINANCES RELATING TO RICHMOND HILL. §§1, 2 Ch. 23, §140 PART VIII; ORDINANCES RELATING TO FAR ROCKAWAY. §1 Ch. 23, §130 2 Ch. 24, §34 '3 Ch. 27, §3 4 Ch. 23, §10 5 Omitted ; covered by Penal Law, §1221. 6 Ch. 24, §40 7 Ch. 23, §251 8 Ch. 23, §§140, 143 9 Ch. 19, §33 10 Ch. 25, §43 11 Ch. 23, §142 12..- Ch. 23, §90 13 Ch. 23, §3 14 Ch. 23, §140 15-19 Ch. 12, §5 20-21 Ch. 27, §10 PART IX; ORDINANCES RELATING TO ROCKAWAY BEACH. §1 Omitted; covered by Ch. 23, §130 2 Omitted; covered by Ch. 24, §34 3 Ch. 23, §140 4\ Ch. 25, §43 5, 6 Ch. 23, §80 6a Ch. 18, §33 7 Ch. 12, §6 8 Ch. 24, §16 9 Ch. 23, §90 10 Ch. 23, §142 11 Ch. 23, §3 12 Ch. 23, §142 684 'GENERAL ORDINANCES REPEALED. Code of 1906. Code of 1916. Code of 1906. Code of 1916. 13 Ch. 23, §10 14-17 Ch. 14, §170 18 Omitted ; covered by Penal Law, §1221. 19 Ch. 27, §3 20 Ch. 27, §10 21 Redundant. 22-25 .Ch. 23, §§145, 146 26 Ch. 23, §90 27 Ch. 23, §98 28 Ch. 27, §10 PART X; ORDINANCES RELATING TO ARVERNE. §1 Ch. 23, §130 2 Redundant. 3 Omitted ; covered by Penal Law, § 1 141a. 4, 5 Ch. 12, §5, subd. 3 7 Ch. 25, §43 8 Ch. 23, §80 9 Ch. 23, §90 10 Ch. 19, §33 11 Ch. 12, §6 12 Ch. 24, §40 13 Ch. 23, §80 14 Ch. 23, §142 15 Ch. 23, §3 16 Ch. 23, §142 17 Ch. 23, §10 18 Ch. 23, §11 19, 20 Ch. 14, §170 21 Ch. 27, §10 22 Redundant. 23-25 Ch. 23, §146 26 Ch. 23, §90 27, 28 Ch. 27, §10 PART XI; ORDINANCES RELATING TO PORT RICHMOND. §1 Ch. 27, §3 2 Ch. 23, §222 3 Ch. 23, §80 4 Omitted; conflicts with Charter, §993. 5 Ch. 23, §182 6 Ch. 23, §185 7 Repealed. 8 Ch. 23, §186 9 Repealed. 10 Ch. 23, §90 11 Ch. 23, §96 12 Omitted ; covered by Penal Law, §1431. 13 Redundant. PART XII; ORDINANCES RELATING TO NEW BRIGHTON. §§1-3 Ch. 23, §142 4 Ch. 23, §80 5 Ch. 23, §140 6 Ch. 23, §82 7 Ch. 23, §90 8 Ch. 23, §96 9 Omitted ; covered by Penal Law, §1431. 10 Ch. 23, §3 11 Ch. 23, §130 12 Ch. 23, §11 13 Ch. 27, §3 PART XIII; ORDINANCES RELATING TO EDGEWATER. §1 Ch. 19, §33 2 Ch. 19, §32 PART XIV; ORDINANCES RELATING TO RICHMOND. §§1-3 Ch. 23, §90 4 Ch. 23, §96 5 Ch. 23, §3 6 Ch. 23, §96 7-9 Ch. 23, §92 10 Ch. 23, §96 11 Ch. 23, §97 12 Ch. 21, §12 13, 14 Ch. 23, §97 15 Ch. 23, §91 16 Ch. 23, §140 17 Ch. 23, §144 18 Ch. 23, §142 19 Ch. 23, §187 20 Omitted ; seems to be unnecessary. 21 Ch. 23, §92 22 Ch. 23, §93 23 Ch. 23, §98 685 TABLE OF DISPOSITION. Code of 1906. Code of 1916. 24, 25 Ch. 23, §180 26 Ch. 23, §180 PART XV; ORDINANCES RELATING TO QUEENS, RICHMOND AND THE BRONX. §1 Ch. 27, §8 2 Ch. 20, §12 3, 4 Ch. 23, §180 5 Ch. 23, §180 6-12 Ch. 23, §160 PART XVI; PENALTY CLAUSE. Ch. 27, §10 REGULATIONS OF THE MUNICIPAL EXPLOSIVES COMMISSION. §1 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 31 2 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 38 3 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 2 4 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 7 5 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 9 6 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 6 7 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 42 8 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 41 9 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 5 10 Omitted, redundant. 11 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 14 12 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 21 13 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 37 14 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 3 15 Ch. 10, §1. subd. 35 16 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 2 17 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 4 18 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 36 19 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 1 20 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 17 21 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 26 22 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 43 23 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 24 23a Ch. 10, §1, subd. 18 24 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 22 25 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 11 26 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 27 27 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 19 27a Ch. 10, §1, subd. 33 27b Ch. 10, §1, subd. 32 28 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 28 Code of 1906. Code of 1916. 29 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 12 30 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 39 31 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 20 32 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 29 33 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 23 34 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 30 34a Ch. 10, §1, subd. 25 34b Ch. 10, §1, subd. 13 35 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 40 36 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 44 37 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 34 38 Ch. 12, §24 38a Ch. 10, §1, subd. 16 38b Omitted ; redundant. 39 Ch. 10, §1, subd. 20 40 Ch. 10, §20 41 Ch. 10, §21, subd. 1 42 Ch. 10, §21, subd. 1 43,44 Ch. 10, §21, subd. 2 45-47 Ch. 10, §22 48 Ch. 10, §23 49 Ch. 10, §24, subd. 2 50 Ch. 10, §26 51 Ch. 10, §24, subd. 1 52 Ch. 10, §27 53 Ch. 10, §25, subd. 1 53a Ch. 10, §25, subd. 2 54 Ch. 10, §20 55 Ch. 10, §2 56 Ch. 10, §7 57 Ch. 10, §5 58 As amended by Ord. of July 24, 1914 Ch. 10, §40 59 Ch. 10, §6 60 Ch. 10, §300 61 Ch. 10, §4 62 Ch. 10, §3 63 Ch. 10, §3 64 Ch. 10, §44 65-67 Ch. 10, §42 68-72 Ch. 10, §§41-42 73-78 Ch. 10, §43 79-81 Ch. 10, §§41,43 82 Ch. 10, §43 83,84 Ch. 10, §41,43 85-121 Ch. 10, §43 122 Ch. 12, §24, subd. 2 123 Ch. 12, §25, subd. 1 124 Omitted; see Ch. 12, §6 686 GENERAL ORDINANCES REPEALED. Code of 1906. Code of 1916. 125 Ch. 10, §§60,61 126 Ch. 10, §61 127 Ch. 10, §61, subd. 6 128-130 Omitted; covered by Ch. 10, §20. 131 Ch. 10, §61, subd. 3 132 Ch. 10, §61, subd. 5 133 Ch. 10, §61, subd. 2 134 Ch. 10, §61, subd. 3 135 Ch. 10, §62, subd. 1,2 136 Ch. 10, §62, subd. 3 137 Ch. 10, §62, subd. 4 138-139 Ch. 10, §61, subd. 4 140-. Ch. 10, §61, subd. 3,4 141 Ch. 10, §64, subd. 1 142 Ch. 10, §64, subd. 2 143 Ch. 10, §64, subd. 9 144 Ch. 10, §64, subd. 5 145 .Ch. 10, §64, subd. 10 146-147 Ch. 10, §64, subd. 3 148 Ch. 10, §64, subd. 4 149 Ch. 10, §64, subd. 6 150 Ch. 10, §64, subd. 4 151 Ch. 10, §64, subd. 10 152 Ch'. 10, §64, subd. 7 153 Ch. 10, §64, subd. 8 154 Ch. 10, §65, subd. 2 155,156 Ch. 10, §65, subd. 4 157 Ch. 10, §65, subds. 2, 3 158 Ch. 10, §65, subd. 2 159 Ch. 10, §65, subd. 5 160 Ch. 10, §66 161 Ch. 10, §63, subd. 1 162 Ch. 10, §63, subd. 2 163 Omitted; covered by Ch. 10, §20 164 Ch. 10, §63, subd. 4 165 Ch. 10, §63, subd. 5 166 Ch. 10, §63, subd. 9 167-169 Ch. 10, §63, subd. 8 170 Ch. 10, §63, subd. 6 171 Ch. 10, §63, subd. 7 172 Ch. 10, §63, subd. 8 173 As amended by Ord. of Sept. 5, 1913, Ch. 10, §63, subds. 10, 12, 174, 175 Ch. 10, §63, subd. 12 176 Ch. 10, §63, subd. 11 177 Ch. 10, §63, subd. 3 178 Ch. 10, §63, subd. 12 179 Ch. 10, §69, subds, 1,2 Code of 1906. Code of 1916. 180 Ch. 10, §69, subd. 5 181, 182 Ch. 10, §69, subd. 3 183 Ch. 10, §69, subd. 6 184-185 Ch. 10, §69, subd. 2 186 Ch. 10, §69, subd. 3 187, 188 Ch. 10, §69, subd. 7 189 Ch. 10, §69, subd. 4 190 Ch. 10, §60 191 Ch. 10, §67, subd. 1 192 Ch. 10, §20 193 Ch. 10, §67, subd. 4 194 Ch. 10, §67, subd. 3 195 Ch. 10, §67, subd. 3 196, 197 Ch. 10, §67, subd. 5 198, 199 Ch. 10, §67, subd. 2 200 Ch. 10, §67, subd. 6 201 Ch. 10, §60 202 Ch. 10, §68, subd. 1 203-204 Ch. 10, §68, subd. 2 205 Ch. 10, §68, subd. 5 206 Ch. 10, §68, subd. 6 207 Ch. 10, §68, subd. 3 208 Ch. 10, §68, subd. 4 209 Ch. 10, §300 210,211 Ch. 10, §80 212 Ch. 10, §81, subd. 1 213 Omitted; covered by Ch. 10, §20 214 Ch. 10, §81, subd. 4 215 Ch. 10, §81, subd. 3 216 Ch. 10, §81, subd. 2 217 Ch. 10, §81, subd. 5 218 Ch. 10, §81, subd. 6 219 Ch. 10, §300 220 Ch. 10, §§90, 92, subd. 2 221 Ch. 10, §90, subd. 1 222 Omitted; covered by Ch. 10, §20 223 Ch. 10, §90, subd. 2 224 Ch. 10, §8 225 Ch. 10, §91 226 Ch. 10, §90, subd. 4 227 Ch. 10, §90, subd. 5 228,229 Ch. 10, §90, subd. 3 230 Ch. 10, §92, subd. 1 231 Ch. 10, §92, subd. 2 232 Ch. 10, §92, subd. 3 233 Ch. 10, §92, subd. 4 234 Ch. 10, §8 235 Ch. 10, §92, subd. 9 236 Ch. 10, §92, subd. 10 687 TABLE OF DISPOSITION. Code of 1906. Code of 1916. 237 Ch. 10, §92, subd. 8 238 Ch. 10, §93, subd. 1 239 Ch. 10, §94 240 .Ch. 10, §92, subd. 7 241.. .. Ch. 10, §93, subd. 1 242,243 Ch. 10, §92, subd. 6 244 Ch. 10, §92, subd. 5 245 Ch. 10, §95, subd. 1 246 Ch. 10, §43 247 Ch. 10, §95, subds. 1,6 248 Ch. 10, §95, subd. 7 249 Ch. 10, §93 250 Ch. 10, §95. subd. 3 251 Ch. 10, §95, subd. 2 252,253 Ch. 10, §95, subd. 5 254 Omitted; covered by Ch. 11, §4 255 Ch. 10, §95, subd. 4 256 Ch. 10, §300 257.. .. Ch. 10, §100, subd. 1; §101, subd. 1 258 Ch. 10, §103 259 Ch. 10, §20 260 Ch. 10, §100, subd. 2 261 Ch. 10, §20 262 Ch. 10, §101, subd. 2 263,264. Ch. 10, §101. subd. 1 265 Ch. 10, §102 266 Ch. 10, §22 267, 268 Ch. 10, §102, subd. 1 269 Ch. 10, §102, subd. 5 270 Ch. 10, §102, subd. 3 271 Ch. 10, §102, subd. 4 272 Ch. 10, §102, subd. 2 273 Ch. 10, §102, subd. 3 274 Ch. 10, §300 275 Ch. 10, §110 276,277 Ch. 10, §20 278 Ch. 10, §110 279 Ch. 10, §113, subd. 1 280 Ch. 10, §111, subd. 1 281 Ch. 10, §20 282 Ch. 10, §111, subd. 5 283 Ch. 10, §111, subd. 6 284, 285 Ch. 10, §111, subd. 5 286 Ch. 10, §111, subd. 2 287 Ch. 10, §111, subd. 4 288 Ch. 10, §111, subd. 3 289 Ch. 10, §111, subd. 7 290 Ch. 10, §111, subd. 8 291 Ch. 10, §111, subd. 1 Code of !906. Code of 1916. 292 Ch. 10, §112, subd. 2 293, 294 Ch. 10, §114, subd. 4 295 Ch. 10, §114, subd. 2 296 Ch. 10, §114, subd. 1 297 Ch. 10, §20 298 Ch. 10, §112, subd. 2 299 Ch. 10, §8 200 Ch. 10, §117 301 Ch. 10, §113, subd. 2 302 Ch. 10, §114, subd. 3 303-305 Ch. 10, §113, subd. 3 306 Ch. 10, §20 307 Ch. 10, §115, subd. 3 308 Ch. 10, §115, subd. 1 309 Ch. 10, §116 310 Ch. 10, §115, subd. 2 311 Ch. 10, §300 312-314 Ch. 10, §130 315, 316 Ch. 10, §20 317 Ch. 10, §131, subd. 2 318 v ..Ch. 10, §131, subd. 12 319 Ch. 10, §131, subd. 11 320 Ch. 10, §131, subd. 1 321-324 Ch. 10, §131, subd. 13 325 Cfc. 10, §131, subd. 9 326-329 Ch. 10, §131, subd. 6 330, 331 Ch. 10, §131, subd. 14 332 Ch. 10, §131, subd. 5 333, 334 Ch. 10, §131, subd. 8 335, 336 Ch. 10, §131, subd. 15 337 Ch. 10, §131, subd. 10 338 Ch. 10, §131, subd. 4 339 Ch. 10, §131, subd. 8 340 Ch. 10, §131, subd. 7 341 Ch. 10, §131, subd. 16 342 Ch. 10, §8 343 Ch. 10, §131, subd. 16 344, 345 Ch. 10, §131, subd. 3 346 Ch. 10, §132, subd. 2 347 Ch. 10, §20 348 Ch. 10, §132, subd. 2 349 Ch. 10, §132, subd. 1 350 Ch. 10, §20 351 Repealed. 352 Ch. 10, §300 353, 354 Ch. 10, §140 355 Ch. 10, §20 356 Ch. 10, §141, subd. 1 357, 358 Ch. 10, §141, subd. 2 688 GENERAL ORDINANCES REPEALED. Code of 1906. Code of 1916. 359 Ch. 10, §142, subd. 1 360 Ch. 10, §20 361 Ch. 10, §142, subd. 1 362 Ch. 10, §20 363, 364 Ch. 10, §142, subd. 2 365 Ch. 10, §300 366 Ch. 10, §150 367 Omitted ; covered by Ch. 10, §114, subd. 2 368, 369 Ch. 10, §20 370 Ch. 10, §151 370a As amended by Ord. of May 29, 1914 Ch. 10, §152 371 Obsolete. 372 Ch. 10, §154 373 Ch. 10, §154 374 Ch. 10, §154, subd. 2 375 Ch. 10, §153 376 Ch. 10, §155 377 Ch. 10, §156 378.... Ch. 10, §§156, subd. 3; 157, subd. 1 379-390 Ch. 10, §156 391 Ch. 10, §157, subd. 2 392 Ch. 10, §157, subd. 3 393, 394 Ch. 10, §156, subd. 2 395 Ch. 10, §156, subd. 2 396 Ch. 10, §155, subd. 3 397 Ch. 10, §155, subd. 2 398 Ch. 10, §155, subd. 4 399 Ch. 10, §158 400 Ch. 10, §159, subd. 1 401 Ch. 10, §157, subd. 4 402 Ch. 10, §8 403 Ch. 10, §159, subd. 2 404 Ch. 10, §159, subd. 3 405 Ch. 10, §159, subd. 4 406 Ch. 10, §300 407, 408 Ch. 10, §170 409 Ch. 10, §20 410 Ch. 10, §171, subd. 1 411 Ch. 10, §171, subd. 2 412 Ch. 10, §300 413 Ch. 10, §175 414, 415 Ch. 10, §20 416 Ch. 10, §176 417 Ch. 10, §178, subd. 3 418 Ch. 10, §176 419 Ch. 10, §177, subd. 1 420, 421 Ch. 10, §176 Code of 1906. Code of 1916. 422 Ch. 10, §176 423 Ch. 10, §177, subd. 3 424-430 Ch. 10, §176 431 Ch. 10, §177, subd. 4 432 Ch. 10, §179, subd. 1 433 Ch. 10, §177, subd. 2 434 Ch. 10, §178, subd. 1 435 Ch. 10, §178, subd. 2 436 Ch. 10, §179, subd. 3 437 Ch. 10, §179, subd. 4 438 Ch. 10, §179, subd. 5 439 Ch. 10, §8 440 Ch. 10, §179, subd. 2 441 Ch. 10, §300 442-449 Repealed. 450 Ch. 10, §200 451 Ch. 10, §20 452 Ch. 10, §201 453 Ch. 10, §20 454 Ch. 10, §300 455 Ch. 10, §205 456 Ch. 10, §20 457 Ch. 10, §207 458 Ch. 10, §206, subd. 2 459 Ch. 10, §206, subd. 3 460, 461 Ch. 10, §206, subd. 1 462 Ch. 10, §300 463, 464 Ch. 10, §210 465 Ch. 10, §211, subd. 7 466 Ch. 10, §211, subd. 2 467 Ch. 10, §211, subd. 4 468 Ch. 10, §211, subd. 1 469 Ch. 10, §212, subd. 8 470. .Ch. 10, §§211, subd. 3, and 212, subd. 8 471 Ch. 10, §211, subd. 5 472 Ch. 10, §211, subd. 6 473 Ch. 10, §20 474 Ch. 10, §212, subd. 6 475-477 Ch. 10, §212, subd. 8 478 Ch. 10, §212, subd. 1 479 Ch. 10, §212, subd. 5 480-481 Ch. 10, §212, subd. 4 482 Ch. 10, §212, subd. 2 483-485 Ch. 10, §212, subd. 3 486 Ch. 10, §212, subd. 2 487 Ch. 10, §212, subd. 11 488 Ch. 10, §212, subd. 10 489 Ch. 10, §212, subd. 9 490 Ch. 10, §212, subd. 7 689 TABLE OF DISPOSITION. Code of 1906. Code of 1916. 491 Ch. 10, §213, subd. 3 492 Ch. 10, §213, subd. 4 493 Ch. 10, §213, subd. 1 494 Ch. 10, §213, subd. 2 495 Ch. 10, §300 496 Ch. 10, §230 497, 498 Ch. 10, §231 499 Ch. 10, §61, subd. 2 500 Ch. 10, §232, subd. 1 501 Ch. 10, §20 502 Ch. 10, §232, subd. 2 503 Ch. 10, §232, subd. 4 504 Ch. 10, §232, subd. 3 505.... Ch. 10, §234, subd. 1 506 Ch. 10, §8 507 Ch. 10, §232, subd. 5 508 Ch. 10, §234, subd. 2 509 Ch. 10, §233, subd. 1 510 Ch. 10, §233, subd. 2 511 Ch. 10, §233, subd. 3 512 Ch. 10, §20 513 Ch. 10, §233, subd. 3 514 Ch. 10, §300 515 Ch. 10, §240 516 Ch. 10, §20 517, 518 Ch. 10, §241 519, 520 Ch. 10, §242 521, 522 Ch. 10, §243, subd. 1 523 Ch. 10, §243, subd. 2 524 Ch. 10, §243, subd. 3 525 Ch. 10, §244, subd. 1 526 Ch. 10, §244, subd. 2 527 Ch. 10, §245 528 Ch. 10, §300 529, 530 Ch. 10, §250 531 Ch. 10, §20 532 Ch. 10, §251 533 Ch. 10, §252 534 Ch. 10, §300 535 Ch. 10, §255 536 Ch. 10, §20 537 Ch. 10, §256 538,539 Ch. 10, §255 540 Ch. 10, §300 541 Ch. 10, §260 542,543 Ch. 10, §20 544 Ch. 10, §261 Code of 1906. Code of 1916. 545 Ch. 10, §260 546 Ch. 10, §262 547 „.Ch. 10, §300 548 .....Ch. 10, §270 549 Ch. 10, §20 550 Ch. 10, §272 551.., Ch. 10, §275 552,553 Ch. 10, §276 554 Ch. 10, §27$ 555 Ch. 10, §277, subd. 1 556-558 Ch. 10, §277, subd. 2 559 Ch. 10, §271 560 Ch. 10, §277, subd. 3 561 Ch. 10, §279, subd. 1 562 Ch. 10, §279, subd. 3 563 Ch. 10, §279, subd. 1 564 Ch. 10, §279, subd. 2 565 Ch. 10, §274, subd. 1 566 Ch. 10, §274, subd. 2 567 Ch. 10, §273, subd. 1 568 Ch. 10, §273, subd. 2 569 Ch. 10, §8 570 Ch. 10, §300 571 Ch. 10, §290 572 Ch. 10,120 573 Ch. 10, §290 574-575 Ch. 10, §291 576 Ch. 10, §292, subd. 1 577 Ch. 10, §292, subd. 2 578 Ch. 10, §293, subd. 1 579 Ch. 10, §293, subd. 2 580 Ch. 10, §300 581 Ch. 12, §24, subd. 2 582 Ch. 10, §20 583 Ch. 12, §24, subd. 3 584 Ch. 12, §24, subd. 4 585 Ch. 12, §24, subd. 5 586 Ch. 12, §30 587 Ch. 12, §25, subd. 1 588 Ch. 10, §20 589,590 Ch. 12, §25 591, 592 Ch. 12, §25 593 Ch. 12, §30 594-597 Ch. 12, §6 598 Ch. 12, §30 599 Ch. 10, §8 600 Ch. 10, §9 690 GENERAL ORDINANCES REPEALED. MISCELLANEOUS GENERAL ORDINANCES, WHICH HAVE TAKEN EFFECT SINCE JANUARY 1, 1911, REPEALED BY EXISTING CODE. Ord. Effective. Feb. 7, 1911 Feb. 14, , 1911 Feb. 16, 1911 Feb. 28, 1911 Mar. 7, 1911 Mar. 21, 1911 Apr. 4, 1911 Apr. 25, 1911 May 2, 1911 May 23, 1911 May 23, 1911 May 23, 1911 June 27, 1911 June 27, 1911 July 31, 1911 July 31, 1911 July 31, 1911 Dec. 2, 1911 Dec. 26, 1911 Dec. 27, 1911 Dec. 27, 1911 Jan. 1 , 1912 Jan. 1 , 1912 Feb. 6, 1912 Feb. 20, 1912 Mar. 19, 1912 Apr. 6, 1912 Apr. 16, 1912 Apr. 16, 1912 Apr. 16, 1912 May 14, 1912 June 11, 1912 July 2, 1912 July 2, 1912 July 2, 1912 July 9. 1912 July 24. 1912 July 24, 1912 Sept. 24. 1912 Sept. 24, 1912 Nov. 12, 1912 Nov. 25, 1912 Dec. 24. 1912 Dec. 24. 1912 Tan. 6, 1913 Feb. 11. 1913 Relating to Location in Code. Pistol permits Repealed by the “Sullivan Law” Discharge of firearms Ch. 11, §2 Ticket speculators Held invalid by courts Theatre licenses Ch. 3, §3 Harlem Yacht Club Ch. 11, §2 Queensboro bridge market Ch. 15, §26 Toilets in markets Aus-Per-Ite Gun Club. Repealed. Bureau of weights and measures Ch. 26, §§1-4, 12 County clerks’ fees; Queens Ch. 27, §8 Peddlers Ch. 24, §13, subd. 2 Powhattan Rifle Team. Repealed. Dogs Superseded by Ch. 20, §17 Libraries in prisons and charitable institutions Ch. 6, §3; Ch. 7, §2 Stands within stoop-lines Ch. 23, §150 House numbering Ch. 23, §§110-113 Bridge tolls Redundant Stimmel Rod and Gun Club Ch. 11, §2 Stands within stoop-lines . .Ch. 23, §150 Water charges Ch. 25, §20 Barber poles Ch. 23, §146, subd. 2 Public hacks Superseded by ord. of June 2, 1913 Fire-prevention; obstruction of aisles and passageways of theatres ^ Ch. 3, §§9; ch. 11, §§20, 21 Queens Club. Repealed. City owned automobiles Ch. 24, §33 Peddlers Ch. 23, §133 School-streets Ch. 23, §132 Motor-vehicles; mufflers, smoke Ch. 24, §36 Gutter-bridges; carriageways across sidewalks Ch. 23, §251 House numbering Ch. 23, §§110-112 Ornamental lampposts Repealed by ord. of July 24, 1912 Peddlers Ch. 24, §13 Sewer-connections Ch. 21, 12 Richmond Co. Agricultural Soc. Repealed. Right of way Ch. 24, §15, subd. 2 Electric signs Ch. 23. §215 Peddlers Ch. 24, §13 Ornamental lampposts Ch. 23, §146. subd. 3 Public garages Ch. 14. §108 Awnings Ch. 23, §40 College Point Gun Club Ch. 11, §2 Municipal court house site Omitted; a special ordinance Contractors’ bonds Omitted; repealing ord. Clausen Point Rod and Gun Club; repealed Ch. 11, §2 Peddlers Repealed Horse-troughs on Bushwick ave Repealed 691 TABLE OF DISPOSITION. Ord. Effective. Relating to Location in Code. Feb. 11, 1913 Peddlers Ch. 24, §13, subd. 2 Mar. 11, 1913 Municipal court house site Omitted; a special ordinance Mar. 25, 1913 Pistol permits Superseded by the “Sullivan Law” Mar. 25, 1913 School fire-drills Ch. 12, §22 Apr. 29, 1913 Speed regulations Ch. 24, §17 Apr. 29, 1913 Street-cleaning Ch. 22, §10, subd. 2 Apr. 29, 1913 Street vaults Ch. 23, §240, subd. 6 May 13, 1913 Non-resident officeholders Ch. 16, §1 May 6, 1913 Sewers and drains Ch. 21, §§11, 12 May 20, 1913 Creation of new markets Ch. 15, §§20, 26 May 20, 1913 Peddlers Ch. 24, §13, subd. 2 June 2, 1913 Public hacks Ch. 14, §8 June 10, 1913 Water-rates Ch. 25, §21 June 10, 1913 Water-rents Omitted; repealing ordinance June 17, 1913 Union square market Ch. 15, §27 June 24, 1914 Municipal office-hours Ch. 16, §3 July 8, 1913 Motion picture theatre licenses Ch. 3, §32 July 8, 1913 Motion picture theatres, license fees Ch. 3, §32 July 8, 1913 Motion picture theatres, generally Ch. 3, art. 2; ch. 5, art. 24 July 15, 1913 Distribution of ordinances Omitted; a rule of the board Sept. 23, 1913- Municipal contracts Ch. 2, §66 Oct. 8, 1913 Lights on vehicles Ch. 24, §11 Oct. 28, 1913 Reinstatement of firemen and policemen. Omitted ; covered by charter, §1543a, as amended by L. 1915, ch. 79 Nov. 11, 1913 Board of water supply police Redundant; covered by charter, §276b Nov. 11, 1913 Motion picture theatres; fire extinguishing apparatus Ch. 3, §36 Nov. 11, 1913 Publication of proposed ordinances Ch. 1, §5 Nov. 25, 1913 Municipal court jurors, fees Ch. 27, §6 Dec. 3, 1913 Speed regulations Ch. 24, §17 Feb. 24, 1914 Bensonhurst Yacht Club Ch. 11, §2 Mar. 3, 1914 West End Gun Club Ch. 11, §2 Mar. 14, 1914 Rehearing for dismissed employees of police or fire department Ch. 16, §10 Mar. 14, 1914 Rehearing for dismissed policemen and firemen Ch. 16, §10 Mar. 4, 1914 Stands within stoop lines and under elevated railway stairs. Ch. 23, §149 Mar. 18, 1914 Public worship in streets Ch. 23, §20 Mar. 24, 1914 Speed regulation Ch. 24, §17 Mar. 31, 1914 Dept, of Correction Ch. 7, §4 Mar. 31, 1914 Sinking funds Ch. 2, §4 Apr. 2, 1914 Motion picture theatres Obsolete Apr. 14, 1914 False and misleading advertising Ch. 27, §1 Apr. 14, 1914 Garages Ch. 10, §154 Apr. 14, 1914 Use of water Ch. 25, §42 Apr. 28, 1914 Letter boxes Ch. 27, §7 May 4, 1914 Public employment bureau Ch. 2, Art. 12 May 5, 1914 Fulton market Omitted; a repealing ord. May 12, 1914 Theatres Ch. 3, §1 May 19, 1914 Northfield Gun Club Ch. 11, §2 May 29, 1914 Garages Ch. 10, §152 692 GENERAL ORDINANCES REPEALED. Ord. Effective. Relating to Location in Code. May 29, 1914 Dumb Waiter shafts Ch. 5, §374 May 29, 1914 Fences, billboards, etc Ch. 5, Art. 21 June 6, 1914 Public carts Ch. 14, Art. 11 June 23, 1914 Pistol permits Ch. 11, §1 June 29, 1914 Dept, of Licenses, generally Ch. 14 June 30, 1914 Manhattan bridge market Ch. 15, §25 June 30, 1914 Use of sidewalks Ch. 24, §§16, 31 July 7, 1914 Public hacks, sightseeing cars, etc Ch. 14, Art. 8 July 7, 1914 Nassau Gun Club Repealed July 7, 1914 Pleasant Bay Gun Club Ch. 11, §2 July 7, 1914 Prospect Gun Club Repealed July 7, 1914 Rosedale Gun Club Repealed July 7, 1914 Circulars and handbills Ch. 22, §16 July 7, 1914 Watering horses Ch. 25, §44 July 7, 1914 Refund of public hack fees Ch. 14, §86 Julv 7, 1914 Parades Ch. 24, §38 July 16, 1914 Commissioner of Licenses... Ch. 14, §5 Aug. 11, 1914 Lights on vehicles Ch. 24, §12 Aug. 11, 1914 Taximeters of public hacks Ch. 14, §101 Aug. 11, 1914 Farmers’ market in Bronx Ch. 15, §33 Aug. 11, 1914 Partition fences Ch. 5, Art. 11 Aug. 11, 1914 Vacations for per diem employees Ch. 16, §2 Aug. 14, 1914 Speed regulations Ch. 24, §17 Aug. 14, 1914 Peddlers Ch. 24, §13 Aug. 14, 1914 Street car stops Ch. 19, §18 Aug. 14, 1914 “Fire stops,” street cars , Ch. 19, §18 Aug. 14, 1914 “School stops,” street cars Ch. 19, §18 Aug. 14, 1914 Fire limits Ch. 5, Art. 5 Sept. 22, 1914 Motion picture theatres, license fees Ch. 3, §32 Nov. 24, 1914 Plumbing Ch. 5, Art. 29 Dec. 8, 1914 Bayview Gun Club Ch. 11, §2 Dec. 8, 1914 Little Neck Bay Yacht Club Ch. 11, §2 Dec. 22, 1914 Municipal reference library Ch. 1, §10 Jan. 2, 1915 Public hacks Ch. 14, §80 Jan. 4, 1915 Queensboro bridge market Ch. 15, §27 Jan. 4, 1915 Third avenue market Ch. 15, §28 Jan. 19, 1915 Fire limits, Brooklyn Ch. 5, §90 Jan. 19, 1915 City clerk and sta§, bonds Ch. 2, §270 Jan. 26, 1915 Stands within stoop lines ; Ch. 23, §149 Jan. 26, 1915 Cards and handbills, distribution of Ch. 22, §15 Jan. 26, 1915 Protection of sewers Ch. 22, §17 Jan. 26, 1915 Speed of vehicles on bridges Ch. 4, §2 Jan. 26, 1915 Names of bridges Ch. 4, §1 Feb. 9, 1915 Junk dealers Ch. 14, §124 Feb. 9, 1915 Public porters Ch. 14, §150 Feb. 9, 1915 Railroads, elevated, steam and street, generally Ch. 19, §§1-34 Feb. 9, 1915 Protection of sidewalks Ch. 23, §188 Feb. 9, 1915 Excavation in streets Ch. 23, §94 Feb. 9, 1914 Staten Island Gun Club Repealed 693 TABLE OF DISPOSITION. Ord. Effective. Relating to Location in Code. Feb. 9, 1915 Official paper in Queens Ch. 27, §9 Feb. 9, 1915 Herding cattle, etc., in streets Ch. 24, §32 Feb. 9, 1915 Protection of landmarks Ch. 23, §§50,51 Feb. 9, 1915 Disturbance of surface of streets Ch. 23, §§880, 81 Feb. 9, 1915 Paving of abutting owners Ch. 23, §61 Feb. 9, 1915 Paving, curbing and flagging sidewalks Ch. 23, §§60-63 Ch. 23, §§180-185 Feb. 9, 1915 Vaults and cisterns Ch. 23, §240 Feb. 9, 1915 Signs Ch. 23, §211 Feb. 9, 1915 Permits; borough presidents’ Ch. 2, §203 Feb. 9, 1915 Street cars; speed Ch. 24, §15 Feb. 9, 1915 Sidewalks; obstructing Ch. 23, §188 Feb. 9, 1915 Drains across sidewalks Ch. 23, §182 Feb. 15, 1915 Municipal office hours ....Ch. 1, §8 Feb. 15, 1915 Omnibuses and street cars; stops Ch. 24, §18 Mar. 9, 1915 Whitcomb Gun Club :.Ch. 11, §2 wwvERSinr of Illinois library JUL 1 9 1922 694 / M. B. Brown Printing & Binding Co. New York.