U N IVER.5 ITY Of ILLI NOIS <}. 97735s H629 cop.JS The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and for disciplinary action underlining of books are reasons and may result in dismissal from the University. To renew call Telephone Center, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN t 1 MAR 2 9 '38 in 1 1 m OCT 1 2 OCT : 7 2004 L161— 0-1096 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015 https://archive.org/details/historyofmaconcoOOunse UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS ^WfWI i UWi- LIBRARY 5 * \-\lpj CLtr^p * fi PREFACE. O the Citizens of Macon county who have so generously aided us, in various ways . to collect reliable data for the compilation of this history , we desire to express our grateful thanks ; especi- ally are we indebted to Capt. f. S. Post , whose vast store of historical recollections has been called upon and cheerfully given. We woidd also tender thanks for the valuable assist- ance rendered by Edmiston McClellan , Circuit Clerk; Jasper J. Pcddicord, Hon. Richard J. Oglesby , Rev. Wm. S. Crissey, H. W. Waggoner, County Clerk ; Samuel F. Greer , County Judge ; Franklin Priest, Samuel Poivers, Willis Johnson, D. L. Allen, W. F Howell Judge *. 'Anthony Thornton, Robert Johnson , H. W. Davis, J. A. Draper, Z. R. Prather, James Querry and John Y. Brader. Particularly are we indebted to Mr. John Trainer , for his scholarly article on the common schools of the county. We are also tinder many obligations to the members of the different professions for the favors con- ferred by them. From the press we have received that aid which members of the profession so cheerfully render to one another. To the clergymen of the vari- ous denominations , we express our thanks for informa- tion cheerfully given, relative to the history of their churches. Gentlemen of experience, as writers, have assisted in the production of this book. Among whom are Prof. James H. Brownlee, of the Southern Illinois Normal University , and Prof. J. Pike, of Jerseyville. The several subjects have been treated with care and thoroughness. The Publishers are also indebted for many valuable facts to John W. Smith, the author of a history of this county , published a few years since. We have confined ourselves , as nearly as possible, to the original materials furnished. The public may not be aware of the dif- ficulty attending the compilation of a work of this character, — a difficulty arising not so much from a lack of material, as from the great quantity of it, — and the care necessary in making a proper selection. The material has been classified as carefully as possible, and will, we are assured, be a great help to the pub- lic, as a book of reference, concerning the past of the county , — its geography, geology ; its resources, and all sicbjects connected with it. We expect criticism. All we ask is, that it be made in the spirit of charity. If our patrons will take into account all the difficulties to be overcome, the impossibility of harmonizing various memories , of reconciling diverse dates, and accurately lo- calizing events that are attributed to different dis- tricts, we feel assured the verdict will be a favorable one. We present the work to the public , trusting that they will approve our labors and give the volume a generous reception. The Publishers. CONTENTS TABLE OF COUNTY HISTORY. CHAPTER PAGE. I. — Brief Sketch of the North- West Territory 9 II. — Brief Historical Sketch of Illinois 20 III. — Pioneers and Early Settlers 30 IV. — Customs of Early Days 36 V.— Geography, Agricultural Resources and Railroad Facilities 40 VI. — Geology 43 VII. — Fauna 46 VIII.— Flora 48 IX. — Civil History 49 X. — Bench and Bar 59 XI. — The Press 64 XII. — The Common Schools 71 XIII. — Patriotism 79 XIV. — Ecclesiastical History 100 BIOGRAPHIES. PAGE. Adams, D. M 198 Albert, Martin 216 Allison, G. S., M. D 232 Arbuckle, A. R / .... 149 Bailey, Frederick 195 Baker, N. M 183 Barnes, Dr. Wm. A 143 Barnes, Ira N 141 Barrick, J 209 Bartlett, G. A 235 Batchelder, M. E 218 Batchelder, Nathan S 205 Bates, A. H 167 Black, James R 205 Blume, George P 161 Boardman, Capt. Isaac S 190 Bramble, W. H 143 PAGE Brown, Francis A 194 Brown, Dr. Josiah 148 Brownlee, R 231 Burley, James 223 Butman, J. W 133 Carr, Dr. R. F 201 Carr, N. A 211 Casner, L. B 181 Clark, Horace N., M. D 176 Clough, J. T 216 Chambers, Thos 223 Chenoweth, Dr. Wm. J 132 Chenoweth, Dr. Cassidy 133 Compton, W. J 173 Cottle, G. F 193 Coulter, W. F 222 Crossman, Rufus 207 Crocker, John 171 Curtis, Ira B. 134 Davis, Thomas 214 Dickey, Wm. (dec’d) 202 Demsey, C. F., M. D 217 Dinneen, John 156 Dunlap, D. N 218 Durfee, B. Iv 147 Durfee, George S 149 Durfee, Henry B. (dec’d) 161 Edgar, A. C 160 Eichinger, Michael 182 Eldridge, Edward R 162 Emery, C. F, 169 Emery, J. W 228 Evey, M 199 Faris, John P 177 Fawkes, Joseph W 172 Ferre, A. S 211 Foster, D. L 231 Foulke, Edward 170 Freeland, D. J 235 Funk, Milton P 173 PAGE Gallagher, A. J 130 Gleason, J. B 234 Grason, Capt. Wm 221 Greenfield, Alexander 200 Greer, Hon. Samuel F 150 Gring, I. B 159 Hamilton, Wm. D 189 Hanks John 204 Harpstrite, Edward 161 Harwood, Ivilburn 160 Hawkyard, A 226 Haworth, M 145 Haworth, George D..., 137 Hays, F. L 157 Hiser, John 220 Holcomb, T. O 223 Hopson, James 213 Hostetler, Jacob, (dec’d) 186 Hoyt, J. N 187 House, E 210 Huston, Ulysses 206 Jack, S. S 140 Jones, Edward A 153 Keller, D. P 214 King, Dr. J. S 156 Laux, Charles 155 Leavitt, A. W 219 Linn & Scruggs 153 Longstreet, John 174 Lytle, Robert P 150 McBride, Dr. Samuel 139 McClellan, E 136 McNabb, E 149 McReynolds, J. C 234 Magee, Wm. J 206 McGuire, J. D 185 McKinney, Wm. A 201 Martin, David 159 Millikin, James 155 Miller, Frederick W 172 6 CONTENTS. Moffett, Hon. Wm. T PAGE 192 Moffett, John 194 Moore, Enoch W 142 Myers, Wm. J 202 Nickey, Simon P 221 Oglesby, Richard J Park, Richard H Parker, J. S .... 225 Parker, John S 170 Patterson, D 227 Perry, R. L 158 Powers, Samuel Pritchett, Thomas A Querrey, James 197 Robv, Kilburn H 139 Rosengrants, Capt H 195 Seitz, Jacob .... 999 Seiberling, J, D 210 Shellabarger, D. S 158 Short, G. B Sleeter, J. H 193 Smith, G. A 151 Smith, E. O 146 Stuart, Oliver L 164 Swinehart, Samuel 200 Thornton, Anthony 138 Toland, Aquilla, (dec’d) 227 Thrift, A. J Trainer, John 154 VanLeer, Wm Wallace, W. H 232 Warren, John Iv 133 Wayne, J. B. & W. J 158 Weigel, Daniel S Whitley, W. L 186 Willard, J. G . ... 185 Young, George S TOWNSHIP HISTORIES. Decatur 115 Whitman 163 Maroa 165 Niantic 174 Long Creek 178 Harristown 183 South Wheatland .. 187 Blue Mound 190 Friend’s Creek 196 TAGE Hickory Point 203 Pleasant View 207 South Macon 212 Illini 215 Oakley 219 Austin 224 Mount Zion. 229 Milam 233 ILLUSTRATIONS- Albert, M .. Facing 216 Bailey, F .. “ 214 Batchelder, N. S .. “ 204 Barnes, Dr. Ira N “ 142 Barrick, J .. “ 216 Brenneman, D. W. & E. ... .. “ 212 Brown, H. T • • “ 194 Buckels, D . “ 176 Business Block, (Niantic).. .. “ 176 Church Buildings . • “ 100 Cottle, G. F .. “ 192 Coulter, W. F - “ 182 Crossman, W. R .. “ 206 Decatur High School .. “ 77 Deck, M. L “ 222 Eckert, M . “ 152 Eichinger, Michael • “ .182 Hamilton, Mrs. Octavina.. • “ 186 Hiser, J .. “ 220 House, E . “ 210 Hunsley, C. E . “ 184 Kraft, Mr. & Mrs. J • “ 186 Leonard, S . “ 182 Martin, Henry . '■ 202 Micliaux, A . " 210 Moore, Dr. E. W . “ 142 Moser, Frank . “ 146 Old Log School House . “ 73 Parker, Wm. Ii between 226 & 227 Priest’s Hotel . Facing 162 Public Buildings . “ 54 Race, J. W . “ 158 Rosengrantz, Capt. H . “ 194 Scroggin, T. J “ 184' Seitz, Jacob “ 220 Taylor, Wm . " 200 Toland, Mrs. L. A , “ 228 Waggoner, H. W “ 146 PAGE Walker, J. W Facing 212 Whitley, W. L “ 186 Young, G. S “ 202 PORTRAITS. Andrews, Thomas Facing 162 Bates, A. H 167 Barnes, Ira N 141 Barrick, Josiah 209 Brown, M.D., Josiah 148 Casner, L. B 181 Casner, Mary E 181 Chenoweth, Dr. Win. J Facing 132 Crocker, John 171 Curtis, Ira B 134 Demsey, Dr. C. F 217 Eichinger, Michael 182 Eichinger, Lucy E 182 Emery, C. F 169 Evey, M 199 Evey, Sarah P 199 Gallagher, A. J 130 Hamilton, Wm. D 189 Hamilton, Octavina 189 Haworth, George D Facing 137 Haworth, M 145 Hays, F. L 157 Jack, S. S 140 McClellan, E. 136 Moffett, J. B Facing 192 Moore, Enoch W 142 Oglesby, R. J 156 Parker, James F 225 Short, George B Facing 172 Short, Sarah E. (dec’d) “ 172 Smith, G. A 151 Thornton, Anthony 138 Trainer, John 154 Partial List of Patrons 237 Constitution of Illinois 243 Declaration of Independence 250 Constitution of the United States... 251 Amendments to the Constitution of the United States 253 i INTRODUCTION. EW studies are more interesting and profitable to mankind than that of the past experiences, deeds, thoughts and trials of the human race. The civilized man and the untutored savage alike desire to know the deeds and lives of their ancestors, and strive to perpetuate their story. National patriotism and literary pride have prompted many, in all times, to write and preserve the aunals of particular peoples, but narrow prejudice and selfish interests too often have availed to suppress the truth or to distort facts. It is the aim of this work to collect and preserve in enduring and popular form some of the facts of the early settlement and subsequent growth of a great county of a grand State. The families whose ancestors were early on the ground, and whose members have made the county what it is, are worthy of remem- brance ; and their difficulties and sorrows, customs, labors and patriotism, should not be allowed to fall into oblivion. By a knowledge of these the present generation will be instructed, and the future will be guided. All history, if properly written, is interesting ; and there is not a country, or a city, or a hamlet, — nay, we might say, not a family or an individual on the globe, — whose history might not be more or less valuable to posterity. From the ancient days, away back in the dim and shadowy past, when the human race first arrived at a state of intelligence sufficient to enable them to transmit a traditionary or written account of themselves, all along down the teeming ages, our pro- genitors have left in various ways, and by different means, infor- mation, more or less mythical, of the age and'generation in which they played their ephemeral part on the world’s ever-changing theatre of action. It is graven in bronze on the wonderful works of the central nations of Africa, around those “ dim fountains of the Nile;” the gray old pyramids in the valley of “ twenty thousand cities ” are covered with the hieroglyphical language of the “ shadowy past.” The vast and mighty “ palaces and piles stupendous,” hoary with the dust of unknown centuries, that bewilder the traveler ’ mid Egypt’s drifting sands, upon the plains of the Euphrates, and hidden away in the tiger-hunted jungles of the “ farthest Ind the gigantic ruins of Southern and Central America, under the snow-capped Cordilleras and among the wondrous forests of Yucatan; the seamed and wrinkled pyramids of the Aztecs, in Mexico and California, and the ten thousand crumbling evidences of a powerful civilization scattered throughout the great valley of the Mississippi, all bear testimony of countless attempts to transmit knowledge to posterity. The written history of the American Continent dates back scarcely four centuries, yet within that comparatively short period its pages have garnered from her hills and mountains, from her grand rivers and mighty inland seas, valuable additions to the world’s stock of knowledge. Like the Eastern Continent, our own has- its historic points, — its nuclei around which cluster the memories of heroic deeds, the story of martyrs, and the legends of a barbarous past. St. Au- gustine, Jamestown, Plymouth Rock, Quebec, Montreal, Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Detroit, are localities about which gather volumes of history. The advance of civilization on the North American Continent has been more rapid than in any other portion of the globe ; and, within the memory of living men, the fairest and richest portions have been wrested from the dominion of the wilderness and the savage, and changed into a highly-cultivated regiou, filled with a race of industrious and thriving people. Prominent among the localities rich in historic lore is the region around the Mis- sissippi river. It early claimed the attention of two of the most powerful nations of Europe, whose pioneers and avant couriers were boldly pushing into the then unknown countries lying towards the “ Great South Sea,” eagerly looking for gold and precious stones, for fabled Eldorados, and fertile lands. Dim traditions, fragmentary legends, stories of bloody warfare, of disaster and defeat ; essays, letters, and public documents, all bearing’more or less upon the history of the county, have been carefully examined. 8 INTRODUCTION. To collect and arrange in one volume these various fragments, this abundant material, and to give the cream of all the best authors who have treated the subject, together with all additional information it was possible to obtain, and present it in readable form, has been the object of the publishers of the present ( work. We know, full well, the task is not a light one ; the contem- plated work is by no means a holiday frolic. Hard, steady, close application and untiring energy are necessary to accom- plish it, and we have approached the subject with the greatest diffidence, not unmindful of our shortcomings, yet, at the same time, fully determined to do our best, and trust a generous and discriminating public to do us justice, hoping and believing that our labors shall not have been wholly in vain. The utmost pains have been taken to read thoroughly and com- pare carefully the various writers, and to sift out and reconcile discrepancies, for historians not unfrequently disagree upon minor points. The work of reading and comparing has been no ordinary one, and the difficulty has not been so much in collecting as in making a judicious and truthful use of the abundant material at hand. The traditions of the Indians, as given by Heckewelder and others, have been quoted quite extensively, and as an important factor in the sum total of knowledge concerning this region ; and the early discoveries of Marquette, La Salle, Hennepin and other French adventurers in the valley of the Mississippi and the basin of the great lakes of the Northwest, have also demanded a large share of attention, as preliminary to the troubles which grew out of the conflicting claims of the French and English crowns, resulting in a contest for supremacy, and in which not only all the contiguous region, but the entire French and English posses- sions in America, a large share of Europe, and immense regions in Asia and the islands of the sea, were interested and in- volved. Another object to be gained by this work, is to bring to the notice of the people the immense resources which a bountiful Providence has bestowed upon them, and which it becomes, not merely a privilege to use, but a duty to improve. How little is now known of these treasures, and how greatly profitable such information may be, needs only a thought to comprehend. Our fertile soils, our noble timber trees, our genial climate, our inex- haustible mineral treasures, and our easy facilities for commerce are, in a great degree, unknown even to our own population. This volume seeks to develop an appreciation of them, and to stimulate a desire to improve and extend them. Then, local customs, old family traits and anecdotes are so rich in interest and so full of instruction to the young, that they ought never to be forgotten. These, so many as time and diligence could gather, are here recorded, and will be found to form no un- important or uninstructive portion of this volume. Among the most influential agencies in building a nation, and in establishing a character for its people, are the efforts of its citizens to educate their children and to provide for social relig- ious worship. These two interests will, therefore, show most ac- curately the tastes, the habits and aspirations of a community. Hence they have been made prominent in the ensuing narra- tive, and it is confidently hoped that they will not only interest readers, but will be studied and appreciated. The work will be found embellished with views of public and private property, in various parts of the county, and with por- traits and biographies of many of the prominent men of the past and present. The chapter on the early history of the State will be found interesting and instructive. The Constitution of the United States and of this State, and a roster of the soldiers of the late war, have been inserted with a view to make the work more creditable, alike to the publishers and people of the county. The work may be incomplete in some particulars. Nor indeed is it possible for it to be otherwise ; but we hope so far as it goes it is truthful and accurate. We trust, however, that it will be the means of preserving from the empire of decay a host of incidents, of recollections, and of anecdotes, relating to the hardy pioneers and first settlers of the county, which, in the estimation of the historian and student of history, are of priceless value, but which otherwise would soon fade from the memories of the living. Whether this has been well done is not for us to say. A gen- erous and intelligent public must decide. It is not permitted any man to attain perfection. Its region lies beyond our reach. We feel, however, in submitting this work to the inspection of the patrons, whose public spirit made possible its preparation, that satisfaction which results from a consciousness of faithful endeavor and an earnest desire to fulfil the expectations of all. Our work is accomplished, and its result is submitted to your favorable inspection. V* HISTORY k OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS.. CHAPTER I. A BRIEF SKETCH OF THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION. LYUTYI N 1784 the North-western Territory was ceded to the 13 k? United States by Virginia. It embraced only the p9\ territory lying between the Ohio and Mississipi rivers, and north, to the northern limits of the United States. It coincided with the area now embraced in the states of Wiscon- sin, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, and that portion of Min- nesota lying on the east side of the Mississippi river. On the first day of March, 1784, Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Hardy, Arthur Lee, and James Monroe, delegates in Congress on the part of Virginia, executed a deed of cession, by which they transferred to the United States, "on certain conditions, all right, title and claim of Virginia to the country known as the North- western Territory. But by the purchase of Louisiana in 1803, the western boundary of the United States was extended to the Rocky Mountains and the Northern Pacific Ocean. It includes an area of 1,887,850 square miles, being greater than the united areas of the Middle and Southern states, including Texas. Out of this magnificent territory have been erected eleven sovereign states and eight territories, with an aggregate population at the present time of 13,000,000 inhabitants, or nearly one-third of the entire population of the United States. Its rivers are the largest on the continent, flowing thousands of miles through its rich alluvial valleys and broad, fertile prairies. Its lakes are fresh-water seas, upon whose bosom floats the commerce of many states. Its far-stretching prairies have more acres that are arable and productive than any other area of like extent on the globe. For the last quarter of a century the increase of population and wealth in the north-west has been about as three to one in any other portion of the United States. EARLY EXPLORATIONS. In the year 1512, on Easter Sunday, the Spanish name for I which is Pascua Florida,* Juan Ponce de Leon, an old comrade of Columbus, discovered the coast of the American continent, near St. Augustine, and in honor of the day and of the blossoms which covered the trees along the shore, named the new-found country Florida. Juan had been led to undertake the discovery of strange lands partly by the hope of finding endless stores of gold, and partly by the wish to reach a fountain that was said to exist deep within the forests of North America, which pos- sessed the power of renovating the life of those who drank of or bathed in its waters. He was made governor of the region he had visitqd, but circumstances prevented his return thither until 1521 and then he went only to meet death at the hands of the Indians. In the meantime, in 1516, a Spanish sea-captain, Diego Mi- ruelo, had visited the coast first reached by Ponce de Leon, and in his barters with the natives had received considerable quan- tities of gold, with which he returned home and spread abroad new stories of the wealth hidden in the interior. Ten years, however, passed before Pamphilo de Narvaez un- dertook to prosecute the examination of the lands north of the Gulf of Mexico. Narvaez was excited to action by the late astonishing success of the conqueror of Montezuma, but he found the gold for which he sought constantly flying before him; each tribe of Indians referred him to those living farther in the interior. And from tribe to tribe he and his companions wan- dered. They suffered untold privations in the swamps and forests; and out of three hundred followers only four or five at length reached Mexico. And still these disappointed wanderers persisted in their original fancy, that Florida was as wealthy as Mexico or Peru. Among those who had faith in that report was Ferdinand de Soto, who had been with Pizarro in the conquests of Peru. He asked and obtained leave of the King of Spain to conquer Florida at his own cost. It was given in the year 1538. With a brilliant and noble band of followers he left Europe, and in May, 1538, after a stay in Cuba, anchored his vessels near the * Pascua, (he old English “ Pash ” or Passover; “ Pascua Florida ” is the " Holy- I day of Flowers.” 10 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. coast of the Peninsula of Florida, in the bay of Spiritu Santa, or Tampa bay. De Soto entered upon his march into the interior with a deter- mination to succeed. From June till November of 1539, the Spaniards toiled along until they reached the neighborhood of Appalachee bay. During the next season, 1540, they followed the course suggested by the Florida Indians, who wished them out of their country, and going to the north-east, crossed the rivers and climbed the mountains of Georgia. De Soto was a stern, severe man, and none dared to murmur. De Soto passed the winter with his little band near the Yazoo. In April, 1541, the resolute Spaniard set forward, and upon the first of May reached the banks of the great river of the West, not far from the 35th parallel of latitude.* A month was spent in preparing barges to convey the horses, many of which still lived, across the rapid stream. Having successfully passed it, the explorers pursued their way north- ward, into the neighborhood of New Madrid ; then turning westward again, marched more than two hundred miles from the Mississippi to the highlands of White river ; and still no gold, no gems, no cities — only bare prairies, and tangled forests, and deep morasses. To the south again they toiled- on, and passed their third winter of wandering upon the Washita. In the fol- lowing spring (1542), De Soto, weary with hope long deferred, descended the Washita to its junction with the Mississippi. He heard, when he reached the mighty stream of the west, that its lower portion flowed through endless and uninhabitable swamps. The news sank deep into the stout heart of the disappointed warrior. His health yielded to the contests of his mind and the influence of the climate. He appointed a successor, and on the 21st of May died. His body was sunk in the stream of the Mis- sissippi. Deprived of their energetic leader, the Spaniards determined to try to reach Mexico by land. After some time spent in wandering through the forests, despairing of success in the attempt to rescue themselves by land, they proceeded to pre- pare such vessels as they could to take them to sea. From January to July, 1543, the weak, sickly band of gold-seekers labored at the doleful task, and in July reached, in the vessels thus built, the Gulf of Mexico, and by September entered the river Paunco. One-half of the six hundred f who had disem- barked with De Soto, so gay in steel and silk, left their bones among the mountains and in the morasses of the South, from Georgia to Arkansas. De Soto founded no settlements, produced no results, and left no traces, unless it were that he awakened the hostility of the red man against the white man, and disheartened such as might desire to follow up the career of discovery for better purposes. The French nation were eager and ready to seize upon any news from this extensive domain, and were the first to profit by De Soto’s defeat. As it was, for more than a century after the expedition, the west remained utterly unknown to the whites. The French were the first Europeans to make settlements on the St- Lawrence river and along the great lakes. Quebec was founded by Sir Samuel Champlain in 1608, and in 1609, when Sir Henry Hudson was exploring the noble river which bears * De Soto probably was at the lower Chickasaw bluffs. The Spaniards called the Mississippi Rio Grande, Great River, which is. the literal meaning of tho aboriginal name. t De Biedna says there landed 620 men. his name, Champlain ascended the Sorelle river, and discovered, embosomed between the Green mountains, or “ Verdmont,” as the chivalrous and poetic Frenchman called them, and the Adi- rondacks, the beautiful sheet of water to which his name is indissolubly attached. In 1613 he founded Montreal. During the period elapsing between the years 1607 and 1664, the English, Dutch, and Swedes alternately held possession of portions of the Atlantic coast, jealously watching one another, and often involved in bitter controversy, and not seldom in open battle, until, in the latter year, the English became the Sole rulers, and maintained their rights until the era of the Revolu- tion, when they in turn were compelled to yield to the growing power of their colonies, and retire from the field. The French movements, from the first settlement at Quebec, and thence westward, were led by the Catholic missionaries. Le Caron, a Franciscan Iriar, who had been the companion and friend of Champlain, was the first to penetrate the western wilds, which he did in 1616* in a birch canoe, exploring Lake Huron and its tributaries. This was four years before the Pilgrims “Moored their bark on tho wild New-England shore.” Under the patronage of Louis XIII., the Jesuits took the ad- vance, and began vigorously the work of Christianizing the savages in 1632. In 1634, three Jesuit missionaries, Brebeuf, Daniel, and Lal- lemand, planted a mission on the shores of the lake of the Iroquois (probably the modern Lake Simcoe), and also esta- blished others along the eastern border of Lake Huron. From a map published in 1660, it would appear that the French had, at that date, become quite familiar with the region from Niagara to the head of Lake Superior, including consider- able portions of Lake Michigan. In 1641, Fathers Jogues and Raymbault embarked on the Pene- tanguishiue Bay for the Sault St. Marie, where they arrived after a passage of seventeen days. A crowd of two thousand natives met them, and a great council v T as held. At this meet- ing the French first heard of many nations dwelling beyond the great lakes. Father Raymbault died in the wilderness in 1642, while enthusiastically pursuing his discoveries. The same year, Jogues and Bressani were captured by the Indians and tortured, and in 1648 the mission which had been founded at St. Joseph was taken and destroyed, and Father Daniel slain. In 1649, the missions St. Louis and St. Ignatius were also destroyed, and Fathers Brebeuf and Lallemaiul barbarously tortured by the same terrible and unrelenting enemy. Literally did those zealous missionaries of the Romish Church “ take their lives in their hands,” and lay them a willing sacrifice on the altar of their faith. It is stated by some writer that, in 1654, two fur-traders ac- companied a band of Ottawas on a journey of five hundred leagues to the west. They w T ere absent two years, and on their return brought with them fifty canoes and two hundred and fifty Indians to the French trading posts. They related wonderful tales of the countries they had seen, and the various red nations they had visited, and described the lofty mountains and mighty rivers in glowung terms. A new * Western Annals. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 11 impulse was given to the spirit of adventure, and scouts and traders swarmed the frontiers and explored the great lakes and adjacent country, and a party wintered in 1659-60 on the south shore of Lake Superior. In 1660 Father Mesnard was sent out by the Bishop of Quebec, and visited Lake Superior in October of that year. While crossing the Keeweeuaw Point he was lost in the wilder- ness and never afte rwards heard from, though his cassock and breviary were found long afterwards among the Sioux. A change was made in the government of New France in 1665. The Company of the Hundred Associates, who had ruled it since 1632, resigned its charter. Tracy was made Viceroy, Courcelles Governor, and Talon Intendent. * This was called the Government of the West Indies. The Jesuit missions were taken under the care of the new gov- ernment, and thenceforward became the leaders in the movement to Christianize the savages. In the same year (1665) Pierre Claude Alloiiez was sent out by way of the Ottawa river to the far west, via the Sault St. Marie and the south shore of Lake Superior, where he landed at the bay of Chegoimegon. Here he found the chief village of the Chippewas, aud established a mission. He also made an alliance with them and the Sacs, Foxes and Illinois, f against the formidable Iroquois. Alloiiez, the next year (1666) visited the western end of the great lake, where he met the Sioux, and from them first learned of the Mississippi river, which they called “Messipi.” From thence he returned to Quebec. In 1668 Claude Dablon and Jacques Marquette established the mission at the Sault called St. Marie, and during the next five years Alloiiez, Dablon and Marquette explored the region of Lake Superior on the south shore, and extending to Lake Michigan. They also established the missions of Chegoimegon, St. Marie, Mackinaw and Green Bay. The plan of exploring the Mississippi probably originated with Marquette. It was at once sanctioned by the Intendent, Talon, who was ambitious to extend the dominion of France over the whole West. In 1670 Nicholas Perot was sent to the West to propose a congress of all the nations and tribes living in the vicinity of the lakes; and, in 1671, a great council was held at Sault St. Marie, at which the Cross was set up, and the nations of the great North-west were taken into an alliance, with much pomp and ceremony. On the 13th of May, 1673, Marquette, Joliet, and five voyageurs, embarked in two birch canoes at Mackinaw aud entered Lake Michigan. The first nation they visited was the “ Folles-Avoines,” or nation of Wild Oats, since known as the Menomonies, living around the “ Baie des Puans,” or Green Bay. These people, with whom Marquette was somewhat acquainted, endeavored to persuade the adventurers from visiting the Mississippi. They represented the Indians on the great river as being blood-thirsty and savage in the extreme, and the river itself as being in- habited by monsters which would devour them and their canoes together. J * The duties of Intendent included a supervision of the policy, justice, and finance of the province. fThe meaning of this word is said to be “Men.” JSee legend of the great bird, the terrible “ Piasa ” that devoured men, and was only overcome by the sacrifice of a brave young chief. The rocks above Alton, Illin- ois, have some rude representations of this monster. Marquette thanked them for their advice, but declined to be guided by it. Passing through Green Bay, they ascended the Fox Kiver, dragging their canoes over the strong rapids, and visited the village, where they found living in harmony together tribes of the Miamis, Mascoutens * and Kikabeax, or Kiclcapoos. Leaving this point on the 10th of June, they made the portage to the “ Ouisconsin,” and descended that stream to the Missis- sippi, which they entered on the 17th with a joy, as Marquette says, which, he could not express.” f Sailing down the Mississippi, the party reached the Des Moines River, and, according to some, visited an Indian village some two leagues up the stream. Here the people again tried to persuade them from prosecuting their voyage down the river. After a great feast and a dance, and a night passed with this hospitable people, they proceeded on their way, escorted by six hundred persons to their canoes. These people called themselves Illinois, or Mini. The name of their tribe was Peruaca, and their language a dialect of the Algonquin. Leaving these savages, they proceeded down the river. Pass- ing the wonderful rocks, which still excite the admiration of the traveler, they arrived at the mouth of another great river, the Pelcitanoni, or Missouri of the present day. They noticed the condition of its waters, which they described as “ muddy, rush- ing and noisy.” Passing a great rock,J they came to the Ouabouslcigon, or Ohio. Marquette shows this river very small, even as compared with the Illinois. From the Ohio they passed as far down as the AJcamsca, or Arkansas, where they came very near being de- stroyed by the natives ; but they finally pacified them, and, on the 17th of July, they commenced their return voyage. The party reached Green Bay in September without loss or injury, and reported their discoveries, which were among the most important of that age. Marquette afterwards returned to Illinois, and preached to the natives until 1675. On the 18th of May of that year, while cruising up the eastern coast of Lake Michigan with a party of boatmen, he landed at the mouth of a stream putting into the lake from the east, since known as the river Marquette. He performed mass, and went a little apart to pray, and being gone longer than his companions deemed necessary, they went in search of him, and found him dead where he had knelt. They buried him in the sand. While this distinguished adventurer was pursuing his labors, two other men were preparing to follow in his footsteps, and make still further explorations, and, if possible, more important discoveries. These were the Chevalier Robert de la Salle and Louis Hennepin. La Salle was a native of Rouen, in Normandy. He was edu- cated at a seminary of the Jesuits, and designed for the ministry, but, for reasons unknown, he left the seminary and came to Canada, in 1667, where he engaged in the fur trade. Like nearly every intelligent man, he became intensely inte- rested in the new discoveries of the West, and conceived the idea of exploring the passage to the great South Sea, which by many was believed to exist. He made known his ideas to the Govern- or-General, Count Frontenac, and desired his co-operation. The Governor at once fell in with his views, which were strength- ened by the reports brought back by Marquette and Joliet, and * Prairie Indians. t Marquette'3 journal. J The grand tower. 12 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. advised La Salle to apply to the King of France in person, and gave him. letters of introduction to the great Colbert, then Min- ister of Finance and Marine. Accordingly, in 1675, he returned to France, where he was warmly received by the King and nobility, and his ideas were at once listened to, and every possi- ble favor shown to him. He was made a Chevalier, and invested with the seigniory of Fort Catarocouy, or Frontenac (now known as Kingston), upon condition that he would rebuild it, as he proposed, of stone. Returning to Canada, he wrought diligently upon the fort until 1677, when he again visited France to report progress. He was received, as before, with favor, and, at the instance of j Colbert and his son, the King granted him new letters patent and new privileges. On the 14th of July, 167 he sailed from Rochelle, accompanied by thirty men, and with Tonti, an Italian, for his lieutenant. They arrived at Quebec oil the 13th of Sep- tember, and after a few days’ delay, proceeded to Frontenac. Father Lewis Hennepin, a Franciscan friar, of the Recollet sect, was quietly working in Canada on La Salle’s arrival. He was a man of great ambition, and much interested in the discoveries of the day. He was appointed by his religious superiors to accom- pany the expedition fitting out for La Salle. Sending agents forward to prepare the Indians for his coming, and to open trade with them, La Salle himself embarked, on the 18th of November, in a little brigantine of ten tons, to cross Lake Ontario. This was the first ship of European build that ever sailed upon this fresh-water sea. Contrary winds made the voyage long and troublesome, and a month was consumed in beating up the lake to the Niagara River. Near the mouth of this river the Iroquois had a village, and here La Salle con- structed the first fortification, which afterwards grew into the famous Fort Niagara. On the 26th of January, 1679, the keel of the first vessel built on Lake Erie was laid at the mouth of the Cayuga Creek, on the American side, about six miles above the falls. In the meantime La Salle had returned to Fort Frontenac to forward supplies for his forthcoming vessel. The little barque on Lake Ontario was wrecked by carelessness, and a large amount of the supplies she carried was lost. On the 7th of Au- gust, the new vessel was launched, and made ready to sail. She was about seventy tons’ burden. La Salle christened his vessel the “ Griffin,” in honor of the arms of Count Frontenac. Passing across Lake Erie, and into the small lake, which they named St. Clair, they entered the broad waters of Lake Huron. Here they encountered heavy storms, as dreadful as those upon the ocean, and after a most tempestuous passage they took refuge in the roadstead of Michilli- mackinac (Mackinaw), on the 27th of August. La Salle remained at this point until the middle of September, busy in founding a fort and constructing a trading-house, when he went forward upon the deep waters of Lake Michigan, and soon after cast anchor in Green Bay. Finding here a large quantity of furs and peltries, he determined to load his vessel and send her back to Niagara. On the 18th of September, she was sent under charge of a pilot, while La Salle himself, with fourteen men,* proceeded up Lake Michigan, leisurely examining its shores and noting everything of interest. Tonti, who had been sent to look after stragglers, was to join him at the head of the lake. From the 19 th of September to the 1st of November, the time was occupied in the voyage up this inland sea. On the last-named day, La Salle arrived at the mouth of the river Miamis, now St. Joseph. Here he constructed a fort, and remained nearly a month wait, iug for tidings of his vessel ; but, hearing nothing, he determined to push on before the winter should prevent him. On the 3d of December, leaving ten men to garrison the fort, he started overland towards the head-waters of the Illinois, accompanied by three monks and twenty men. Ascending the St. Joseph River, he crossed a short portage and reached the The-a-ki-ki, since corrupted into Kankakee. Embarking on this sluggish stream, they came shortly to the Illinois, and soon after found a village of the Illinois Indians, probably in the vicinity of the rocky bluffs, a few miles above the present city of La Salle, Illi- nois. They found it deserted, but the Indians had quite a quantity of maize stored here, and La Salle, being short of provisions, helped himself to what he required. Passing down the stream, the party, on the 4th of January, came to a lake, probably the Lake Peoria, as there is no other upon this stream. Here they found a great number of natives, who were gentle and kind, and La Salle determined to construct a fort. It stood on a rise of ground near the river, and was named Creve- Occur * (broken-heart), most probably on account of the low spirits of the commander, from anxiety for his vessel and the uncertainty of the future. Possibly lie had heard of the loss of the “Griffin,” which occurred on her downward trip from Green Bay ; most probably on Lake Huron. He remained at the Lake Peoria through the winter, but no good tidings came, and no supplies. His men were discontented, but the brave adventurer never gave up hope. He resolved to send a party on a voyage of exploration up the Mississippi, under the lead of Father Hennepin, and he himself would proceed on foot to Niag- ara and Frontenac, to raise more means and enlist new men ; while Tonti, his lieutenant, should stay at the fort, which they were to strengthen in the meantime, and extend their intercourse with the Indians. Hennepin started on his voyage on the last day of February, 1680, and La Salle soon after, with a few attendants, started on his perilous journey of twelve hundred miles by the way of the Illinois River, the Miami, and Lakes Erie and Ontario, to Frontenac, which he finally reached in safety. He found his worst fears realized. The “ Griffin ” was lost, his agents had taken advantage of his absence, and his creditors had seized his goods. But he knew no such word as fail, and by the middle of summer he was again on his way with men and supplies for his band in Illinois. A sad disappointment awaited him. He found his fort deserted, and no tidings of Tonti and his men. During La Salle’s absence the Indians had become jealous of the French, and they had been attacked and harassed even by the Iroquois, who came the long distance between the shores of Lake Ontario and the Illinois River to make war upon the more peaceable tribes dwelling on the prairies. Uncertain of any assistance from La Salle, and apprehensive of a general war with the sav- ages, Tonti, in September, 1680, abandoned his position and re- turned to the shores of the lakes. La Salle reached the post on the Illinois in December, 1680, or January, 1681. Again * Annals of the West. * The site of the work is at present unknown. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 13 bitterly disappointed, La Salle did not succumb, but resolved to return to Canada and start anew. Tb’ 5 " he did, and in June met his lieutenant, Tonti, at Mackinaw. Hennepin in the meanwhile had mei with strange adventures. After leaving Creve-Coeur, he reached the Mississippi in seven days; but his way was so obstructed by ice that he was until the 11th of April reaching the Wisconsin line. Here he was taken prisoner by some northern Indians, who, however, treated him kindly and took him and his companions to the falls of St. An- thony, which they reached on the 1st of May. These falls Hen- nepin named in honor of his patron saint. Hennepin and his companions remained here for three months, treated very kindly by their captors. At the end of this time they met with a band of French, led by one Sieur de Luth, * who, in pursuit of game and trade, had penetrated to this country by way of Lake Su- perior. With his band Hennepin and his companions returned to the borders of civilized life in November, 1680, just after La Salle had gone back to the wilderness. Hennepin re- turned to France, where, in 1684, he published a narrative of his wonderful adventures. Robert De La Salle, whose name is more closely connected with the explorations of the Mississippi than that of any other, was the next to descend the river in the year 1682. Formal posses- sion was taken of the great river and all the countries bordering upon it or its tributaries in the name of the King. La Salle and his party now retraced their steps towards the north. They met with no serious trouble until they reached the Chickasaw Bluffs, where they had erected a fort on their down- ward voyage, and named it Prudhomme. Here La Salle was taken violently sick. Unable to proceed, he sent forward Tonti to communicate with Count Frontenac. La Salle himself reached the mouth of the St. Joseph the latter part of September. From that point he sent Father Zenobe with his dispatches to represent him at court, while he turned his attention to the fur trade and to the project of completing a fort, which he named St. Louis, upon the Illinois River. The precise location of this work is not known. It was said to be upon a rocky bluff two hundred and fifty feet high, and only accessible upon one side. There are no bluffs of such a height on the Illinois River answering the de- scription. It may have been on the rocky bluff above La Salle, where the rocks are perhaps one hundred feet in height. Upon the completion of this work La Salle again sailed for France, which he reached on the 13th of December, 1683. A new man, La Barre, had now succeeded Frontenac as Governor of Canada. This man was unfriendly towards La Salle, and this, with other untoward circumstances, no doubt led him to at- tempt the colonization of the Mississippi country by way of the mouth of the river. Notwithstanding many obstacles were in his path, he succeeded in obtaining the grant of a fleet from the King, and on the 24th of July, 1684, a fleet of twenty-four ves- sels sailed from Rochelle to America, four of which were destined for Louisiana, and carried a body of two hundred and eighty people, including the crews. There were soldiers, artificers, and volunteers, and also “ some young women.” Discord soon broke out between M. de Beaujeu and La Salle, and grew from bad to worse. On the 20th of December they reached the island of St. Domingo. *From this man undoubtedly comes the name cf Duluth. Joutcl * was sent out with this party, which left on the 4th of February, and traveled eastward three days, when they came to a great stream which they could not cross. Here they made sig- nals by building great fires, and on the 13th two of the vessels came in sight. The stream was sounded and the vessels were anchored under shelter. But again misfortune overtook Lx Salle, and the vessel was wrecked, and the bulk of the sup- plies was lost- At this juncture M. de Beaujeu, his second in command, set sail and returned to France. La Salle now con- structed a rude shelter from the timbers of his wrecked vessel, placed his people inside of it, and set out to explore the sur- rounding country in hope of finding the Mississippi. He was, of course, disappointed ; but found on a stream, which is named the Vaches, a good site for a fort- He at once removed his camp, and, after incredible exertions, constructed a fortification suffi- cient to protect them from the Indians. This fort was situated on Matagorda Bay, within the present limits of Texas, and was called by La Salle Fort St. Louis. Leaving Joutel to complete the work with one hundred men, La Salle took the remainder of the company and embarked on the river, with the intention of proceeding as far up as he could. The savages soon became troublesome, and on the 14th of July La Salle ordered Joutel to join him with his whole force. They had already lost several of their best men, and dangers threatened them on every side. It would seem from the histo- rian’s account of the expedition that La Salle began to erect another fort, and also that he became morose and severe in his discipline, so much so as to get the ill will of many of his people. He finally resolved to advance into the country, but whether with the view of returning to Canada by way of Illinois, or only for the purpose of making further discoveries, Joutel leaves in doubt. Giving his last instructions, he left the fort on the 12th day of January, 1687, with a company of about a dozen men, including his brother, two nephews, Father Anastasius, a Francis- can friar, Joutel, and others, and moved north-eastward, as is supposed, until the 17th of' March, when some of his men, who had been cherishing revengeful feelings for some time, waylaid the Chevalier and shot him dead. They also slew one of his nephews and two of his servants. This deed occurred on the 20th of March, on a stream called Cenis. In 1687, France was involved in a long and bloody war. The League of Augsburg was formed by the Princes of the Empire against Louis XIV., and England, Spain, Holland, Denmark, Sweden, and Savoy took up arms, and Louis found himself bat- tling with neai’ly the whole of Europe, and only Turkey for an ally. This war ended with the peace of Ryswick in 1697. No material change took place in America, but the colonists were harassed and many of their people killed or carried cap- tives to the Canadas. In 1688, the French possessions in North America included nearly.the whole of the continent north of the St. Lawrence, and the entire valley of the Mississippi ; and they had begun to establish a line of fortifications extending from Quebec to the mouth of the Mississippi, between which points they had three great lines of communication, to wit: by way of Mackinaw, Green Bay, and the Wisconsin River ; by way of Lake Michigan, the Kankakee and Illinois Rivers ; and by way * Joutel, historian of the voyage, accompanied La Salle, and subsequently wrote his “Journal Historique,” which was published in Pari?, 1713. 14 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. of Lake Erie, the Maumee and W abash Rivers, and were pre- paring to explore the Ohio as a fourth route. In 1699, D’Iberville, under the authority of the crown, disco- vered, on the second of March, by way of the sea, the mouth of the “ Hidden River.” This majestic stream was called by the natives “ Malbouchia,” and by the Spaniards, “ La Palissade,” from the great number of trees about its mouth. After travers- ing the several outlets, and satisfying himself as to its certainty, he erected a fort near its western outlet, and returned to France. An avenue of trade was now opened out, which was fully im- proved. At this time a census of New France showed a total popula- tion of eleven thousand two hundred and forty-nine Europeans. War again broke out in 1701, and extended over a period of twelve years, ending with the treaty of Utrecht, in 1713. This also extended to the American Colonies, and its close left every- thing as before, with the exception that Nova Scotia was cap- tured in 1710. In 1718, New Orleans was laid out and settled by some European colonists. In 1762, the colony was made over to Spain, to be regained by France, under the consulate of Napo- leon. In 1803, it was purchased by the United States, for the sum of fifteen million dollars, and the territory of Louisiana and the commerce of the Mississippi river, came under the charge of the United States. Although La Salle’s labors ended in defeat and death, he had not worked and suffered in vain. He had thrown open to France and the world an immense and most valuable country. Had established several ports, and laid the foundation of more than one settlement there. “ Peoria, Kaskaskia and Ca- hokia are to this day monuments of La Salle’s labors ; for, though he had founded neither of them (unless Peoria, which was built nearly upon the site of Fort Crevecceurj, it was by those he led into the west that these places were peopled and civilized. He was, if not the discoverer, the first settler of the Mississippi Valley, and as such deserves to be known and honored.”* The French early improved the opening made for them, and before 1693, the Reverend Father Gravier began a mission among the Illinois, and became the founder of Kaskaskia. For some time it was merely a missionary station, and the inhabitants of the village consisted entirely of natives ; it being one of three such villages, the other two being Cahokia and Peoria. This we learn from a letter written by Father Gabriel Marest, dated “ Aux Cascaskias, Autrement dit de l’linmaculee concepcion de la Sainte Vierge, le 9 Novembre, 1712.” In this letter, the writer tells us that Gravier must be regarded as the founder of the Illinois missions. Soon after the founding of Kaskaskia, the missionary, Pinet, gathered a flock at Cahokia, f while Peoria arose near the remains of Fort Crevecceur.j; An unsuccessful attempt was also made to found a colony on the Ohio. It failed in consequence of sickness.§ In the north, De La Motte Cadillac, in June, 1701, laid the * The authorities in relation to La Salle are Hennepin: a narrative published in the name of Tonti, in 1697, but disclaimed by him. (Charlevoix iii. 3G5.— Lettres Edifiantes). f Bancroft, iii. 196. t There was an old Peoria on the North-west shore of the lake of that name, a mile and a half above the outlet. From 1778 to 1796 the inhabitants left this for New Peo- ria, (Fort Clark) at the outlet. American State Papers, xviii. 476. $ Western Annals ■ foundation of Fort Pontchartrain, on the strait, (le Detroit),* while in the southwest efforts were making to realize the dreams of La Salle. The leader in the last named enterprise was Le- moine D'Iberville, a Canadian officer, who from 1694 to 1697 distinguished himself not a little by battles and conquests among the icebergs of the “ Baye D’Udson or Hudson's Bay.” The post at Vincennes, on the Oubache river, (pronounced Wa-ba, meaning summer cloud moving swiftly), was established in 1702. It is quite probable that on La Salle’s last trip he established the stations at Kaskaskia and Cahokia. Until the year 1750, but little is known of the settlements in the north- west, as it was not until this time that the attention of the English was called to the occupation of this portion of the new world, which they then supposed they owned. Vivier, amission- ary among the Illinois, writing “ Aux Illinois,” six leagues from Fort Chartres, June 8th, 1750, says: “We have here whites, negroes, and Indians, to say nothing of the cross-breeds. There are five French villages, and three villages of the natives within a space of twenty-one leagues, situated between the Mississippi and another river, called the Karkadiad (Kaskaskia). In the five French villages are, perhaps, eleven hundred whites, three hundred blacks, and some sixty red slaves or savages. The three Illinois towns do not contain more than eight hundred souls all told.f Most of the French till the soil. They raise wheat, cattle, pigs and horses, and live like princes. Three times as much is produced as can be consumed, and great quan- tities of grain and flour are sent to New Orleans.” Again, in an epistle dated November 17th, 1750, Vivier says: “ For fifteen leagues above the mouth of the Mississippi, one sees no dwellings * * * * New Orleans contains black, white and red, not more, I think, than twelve hundred persons. To this point come all kinds of lumber, bricks, salt-beef, tallow, tar, skins, and bear’s grease ; and above all pork and flour from the Illinois. These things create some commerce, as forty vessels and more have come hither this year. Above New Orleans plantations are again met with ; the most considerable is a colony of Germans, some ten leagues up the river. At Point Coupee, thirty-five leagues above the German settlement, is a fort. Along here, within five or six leagues, arc not less than sixty habitations. Fifty leagues farther up is the Natchez post, where we have a garrison.” Father Marest, writing from the post at Vincennes, makes the same observation. Vivier also says, “Some individuals dig lead near the surface, and supply the Indians and Canada. Two Spaniards, now here, who claim to be adepts, say that our mines are like those of Mexico, and that if we would dig deeper we would find silver under the lead ; at any rate the lead is excellent. There arc also in this country, beyond doubt, copper mines, as from time to time, large pieces have been found in the streams.”! At the close of the year 1750, the French occupied in addition to the lower Mississippi posts and those in Illinois, one at Du Quesne, one at the Maumee, in the country of the Miamis, and one at Sandusky, in what may be termed the Ohio Valley. In the northern part of the north-west, they had stations at St. Joseph’s, on the St. Joseph’s of Lake Michigan, at Fort Pont- * Charlevoix, ii. 284. Le Detroit was the whole strait from Erie to Huron. The first grants of land at Detroit, i c., Fort Pontchartrain, were made in 1707 f Lettres Edifiantes (Paris, 1781), vii. 97-100. I Western Annals. HISTORY OF MAO ON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 15 chartrain (Detroit), at Michilliraackinac or Massillimacinac, Fox River of Green Bay, and at Sault Ste. Marie. The fondest dreams of La Salle were now fully realized. The French alone were possessors of this vast realm, basing their claim on discovery and settlement. Another nation, however, was now turning its attention to this extensive country, and learning of its wealth began to lay plans for occupying it aud for securing the great profits arising therefrom. The French, however, had another claim to this country, namely, the DISCOVERY OF TOE OHIO. The largest branch of the Mississippi river from the east, known to the early French settlers as la belle riviere, called “ beautiful ” river, was discovered by Robert, Cavalier de La Salle, in 1669. AVhile La Salle was at his trading post on the St. Lawrence, he found leisure to study nine Indian dialects, the chief of which was the Iroquois. While conversing with some Senecas, he learned of a river called the Ohio, which rose in their country and flowed to the sea. In this statement the Mississippi and its tributaries were con- sidered as one stream. La Salle, believing as most of the French at that period did, that the great rivers flowing west emptied into the Sea of California, was anxious to embark in the enterprise of discovering a route across the continent. He repaired at once to Quebec to obtain the approval of the Governor and the Intend- ent, Talon. They issued letters patent, authorizing the enter- prise, but made no provisions to defray the expenses. At this juncture the seminary St. Sulpice decided to send out missionaries in connection with the expedition, and La Salle offering to sell his improvements at La Chive to raise the money, the offer was accepted by the Superior, and two thousand eight hundred dollars were raised, with which LaSalle purchased four canoes and the necessary supplies for the outfit. On the 6th of July, 1669, the party, numbering twenty-four persons, embarked in seven canoes on the St. Lawrence. Two additional canoes carried the Indian guides. In three days they were gliding over the bosom of Lake On- tario. Their guides conducted them directly to the Seneca vil- lage on the bank of the Genesee, in the vicinity of the present city of Rochester, New York. Here they expected to procure guides to conduct them to the Ohio, but in this they were disap- pointed. After waiting a month in the hope of gaining their object, they met an Indian from the Iroquois colony, at the head of Lake Ontario, who assured them they could find guides, and offered to conduct them thence. On their way they passed the mouth of Niagara river, when they heard for the first time the distant thunder of the cataract. Arriving among the Iroquois they met with a friendly reception, and learned from a Shawnee prisoner that they could reach the Ohio in six weeks. Delighted with the unexpected good fortune, they made ready to resume their journey, and as they were about to start they heard of the arrival of two Frenchmen in a neighboring village. One of them proved to be Louis Joliet, afterwards famous as an explorer in the west. He had been sent by the Canadian government to ex- plore the copper mines on Lake Superior, but had failed and was on his way back to Quebec. On arriving at Lake Superior, they found, as La Salle had predicted, the Jesuit fathers, Marquette and Dablon, occupying the field. After parting with the priests, La Salle went to the chief Iroquois village at Onondago, where he obtained guides and passing thence to a tributary of the Ohio south of Lake Erie, he descended the latter as far as the falls of Louisville. Thus was the Ohio discovered by La Salle, the persevering and successful French explorer of the west in 1669. When Washington was sent out by the colony of Virginia in 1753, to demand of Gordeur de St. Pierre why the French had built a fort on the Monongahela, the haughty commandant at Quebec replied: “ We claim the country on the Ohio by virtue of the discoveries of La Salle, and will not give it up to the English. Our orders are to make prisoners of every Englishman found trading in the Ohio valley.” ENGLISH EXPLORATIONS AND SETTLEMENTS. We have sketched the progress of French discovery in the valley of the Mississippi. The first travelers reached that river in 1673, and when the year 1750 broke in upon the father of waters and the great north-west, all was still except those little spots upon the prairies of Illinois and among the marshes of Louisiana. Voluey, by conjecture, fixes the settlement of Vincennes about 1735.* Bishop Brute, of Indiana, speaks of a missionary station there in 1700, and adds: “ The friendly tribes and traders called to Canada for protection, and then M. De Vincennes came with a detachment, I think, of Carignau, and was killed in 1735.” j" Bancroft says a military establishment was formed there in 1716, and in 1742 a settlement of herdsmen took place. J In a petition of the old inhabitants at Vincennes, dated in November, 1793, we find the settlement spoken of as having been made before 1742. § And such is the general voice of tradition. On the other hand, Charlevoix, who records the death of Vincennes, which took place among the Chickasaws, in 1736, makes no mention of any post on the Wabash, or any missionary station there. Neither does he mark any upon his map, although he gives even the British forts upon the Tennessee and elsewhere. Such is the character of the proof relative to the settlement of Vincennes. Hennepin, in 1663-4, had heard of the “ Hohio.” The route from the lakes to the Mississippi, by the Wabash, was explored 1676, || and in Hennepin’s volume of 1698, is a journal, said to he that sent by La Salle to Count Frontenac, in 1682 or ’83, which mentions the route by the Maumee If and Wabash as the most direct to the great western river. In 1749, when the English first began to think seriously of sending men into the west, the greater portions of the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota were yet under the dominion of the red meu. The English knew however, of the nature of the vast wealth of these wilds. In the year 1710, Governor Spotswood, of Virginia, had ma- tured a plan and commenced movements, the object of which was to secure the country beyond the Alleghenies to the English crown. In Pennsylvania, also, Governor Keith and James Lo- gan, Secretary of the Province from 1719 to 1 731, represented to the powers of England the necessity of taking steps to secure the western lands. Nothing, however, was done by the mother * Volney’s View, p. 336. f Butler’s Kentucky. J History U. S., iii , 340. § American State Papers, xvi., 32. || Histoire General Des Voyages xiv., 758. If Now called Miami. 16 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. country, except to take certain diplomatic steps to secure the claim of Britain to this unexplored wilderness. England had from the outset claimed from the Atlantic to the Pacific, on the ground that the discovery and possession of the sea coast was a discovery and possession of the country; and as is well known, her grants to Virginia, Connecticut, and other colonies, were through from “ sea to sea.” This was not all her claims ; she had purchased from the Indian tribes large tracts of land. This was also a strong argument. In the year 1684, Lord Howard, Governor of Virginia, held a treaty with the five nations at Albany. These were the great Northern Confederacy, and comprised at first the Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas. Afterward the Tuscaroras were taken into the confederacy, and it became known as the six nations. They came under the protection of the mother country, and again in 1701 they repeated the agreement. Another formal deed was drawn up and signed by the chiefs of the National Confederacy in 1726, by which their lands were conveyed in trust to England, “ to be protected and defended by his majesty, to and for the use of the grantors and their heirs.” The validity of this claim has often been disputed, but never successfully. In 1774, a purchase was made at Lancaster of certain lands within the “ colony of Virginia,” for which the In- dians received £200 in gold and a like sum in goods, with a promise that as settlements increased, more should be paid. The commissioners from Virginia at the treaty were Col. Thomas Lee and Col. William Beverly. As settlements extended, and the Indians began to complain, the promise of further pay was called to mind, and Mr. Conrad Weiser was sent across the Alleghenies to Logstown. In 1784,* Col. Lee and some Virginians accompanied him, with the inten- tion of ascertaining the feelings of the Indians with regard to further settlements in the west, which Col. Lee and others were contemplating. The object of these proposed settlements was not the cultivation of the soil, but the monopoly of the Indian trade. Accordingly, after Weiser’s conference with the Indians at Logs- town, which was favorable to their views, Thomas Lee, with twelve other Virginians, among whom were Lawrence and Augus- tine, brothers of George Washington, and also Mr. Hanbury, of London, formed an association which they called the “ Ohio Company,” and in 1748 petitioned the king for a grant beyond the mountains. This petition was approved by the English government, and the government of Virginia was ordered to grant to the petitioners half a million of acres within the bounds of that colony beyond the Alleghenies, two hundred thousand of which were to be located at once. This portion was to be held for ten years free of quit-rent, provided the company would put there one hundred families within seven years, and build a fort sufficient to protect the settlement. The company accepted the proposition, and sent to London for a cargo suited to the Indian trade, which should arrive in November, 1749. Other companies were also formed about this time in Virginia to colonize the west. On the 12th of June, 1749, a grant of 800,000 acres from the line of Canada, on the north and west, was made to the Loyal Company, and on the 29th of October, 1751, another of 100,000 acres to the Greenbriar Company.f The French were not blind all this time. They saw that if the * Plain Facts, pp. 40, 120. f Revised Statutes of Virginia. British once obtained a stronghold upon the Ohio, they might not only prevent their settlements upon it, but in time would come to the lower posts, and so gain possession of the whole country. Upon the 10th of May, 1744, Vaudreuil, the French governor, well knowing the consequences that must arise from allowing the English to build trading posts in the north-west, seized some of their frontier posts, to further secure the claims of the French to the west. Having these fears, and seeing the danger of the late movements of the British, Gallisoniere, then Governor of Canada, determined to place along the Ohio evi- dences of the French claim to, and possession of, the country. For that purpose he sent, in the summer of 1749, Louis Celeron, with a party of soldiers, to place plates of lead, on which were written out the claims of the French, in the mounds and at the mouths of the rivers. These were heard of by William Trent, an Indian commissioner, sent out by Virginia in 1752, to treat with and conciliate the Indians, while upon the Ohio, and men- tioned in his journal. One of these plates was found with the inscription partly defaced. It bears date August 16th, 1749, and a copy of the inscription, with particular account, was sent by De Witt Clinton to the American Antiquarian Society, among whose journals it may now be found. These measures did not, however, deter the English from going on with their explora- tions. In February, 1751, Christopher Gist was sent by the Ohio Company to examine its lands. He went to a village of the Twigtwees, on the Miami, about 150 miles above its mouth. From there he went down the Ohio River nearly to the falls, at the present city of Louisville, and in November he commenced a survey of the company’s lands. In F751, General Andrew Lewis commenced some surveys in the Greenbrier country, on behalf of the company already mentioned. Meanwhile the French were busy in preparing their forts for defence, and in opening roads. In 1752 having heard of the trading houses on the Miami River, they, assisted by the Ottawas and Chippewas, attacked it, and, after a severe battle, in which fourteen of the natives were killed and others wounded, captured the garrison. The traders were carried away to Canada, and one account says several were burned. This fort, or trading house was called by the English writers Pickawillany. A memorial of the king’s ministers refers to it as “ Pickawellanes, in the center of the terri- tory between Ohio and the Wabash.” This was the first blood shed between the French and English, and occurred near the present city of Piqua, Ohio. The English were determined on their jiart to purchase a title from the Indians of lands which they wished to occupy, and in the spring of 1752, Messrs. Fry,* Lomax and Patton, were sent from Virginia to hold a conference with the natives at Logstown, to learn what they objected to in the treaty at Lancaster, and to settle all difficulties. On the 9th June the commissioners met the red men at Logstown. This was a village seventeen miles below Pittsburgh, upon the north side of the Ohio. Plere had been a trading point for many years, but it was abandoned by the Indians in 1750. At first the Indians declined to recognize the treaty of Lancaster, but the commissioners taking aside Montour, the interpreter, who was a son of the famous Catherine Montour, and a chief among the six nations, being three-fourths of Indian blood, through his influence * Afterwards Commander-in-Chief over Washington, at the commencement of the French War of 1775. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 17 an agreement was effected, and upon the 13th of June they all united in signing a deed, confirming the Lancaster treaty in its fullest extent. Meanwhile the powers beyond the seas were try- ing to out-manocuvcr each other, and were professing to be at peace. The English generally outwitted the Indians, and secured themselves, as they thought, by their politic conduct. But the French, in this as in all cases, proved that they knew best how to manage the natives. While these measures were taken, another treaty with the wild men of the debatable land was also in con- templation. And in September, 1753, William Fairfax met their deputies at Winchester, Virginia, where he concluded a treaty. In the month following, however, a more satisfactory interview took place at Carlisle, between the representatives of the Iroquois, Delawares, Shawnees, Twigtwees, and Wyandots, and the com- missioners of Pennsylvania, Richard Peters, Isaac Norris, and Benjamin Franklin. Soon after this, no satisfaction being- obtained from the Ohio, either as to the force, position, or pur- poses of the Frefich, Robert Dinwiddie, then Governor of Vir- ginia, determined io send to them another messenger, and learn if possible their intentions. For this purpose he selected a young surveyor, who, at the age of nineteen had attained the rank of major, and whose previous life had inured him to hardships and ■woodland ways ; while his courage, cool judgment, and firm will, all fitted him for such a mission. This personage was no other than the illustrious George Washington, who then held consider- able interest in western lands. He was twenty-one years old at the time of the appointment.* Taking Gist as a guide, the two, accompanied by four servitors, set out on their perilous march. They left Will’s Creek, where Cumberland now is, on the 15th of November, and on the 22d reached the Monongahela, about ten miles above the fork. From there they went to Logstown, where Washington had a long conference with the chiefs of the six nations. Here he learned the position of the French, and also that they had determined not to come down the river until the following spring. The Indians were non-committal, they deeming a neutral position the safest. Washington, finding no- thing could be done, went on to Venango, an old Indian town at the mouth of the French Creek. Here the French had a fort called Fort Machault. On the lltli of December he reached the fort at the head of French Creek. Here he delivered Gover- nor Dinwiddie’s letter, received his answer, and upon the 16th set out upon his return journey with no one but Gist, his guide, and a few Indians who still remained true to him. They reached home in safety on the 6th of January, 1754. From the letter of St. Pierre, commander of the French fort, sent by Washington to Governor Dinwiddie, it was perfectly clear that the French would not yield the West without a struggle. Active preparations were at once made in all the English colonies for the coming con- flict, while the French finished their fort at Venango and strength- ened their lines of fortifications to be in readiness. The Old Dominion was all alive. Virginia was the center of great activities. Volunteers were called for, and from the neighboring colonies men rallied to the conflict, and everywhere along the Potomac men were enlisting under the Governor’s proclamation, — which promised two hundred thousand acres on the Ohio. Along this river they were gathering as far as Will’s Creek, and far beyond this point, whither Trent had come for assistance, for his little band of forty-one men, who were working away in hunger and * Sparks’ Washington, Vol. ii., pp. 428^447. want, to fortify that point at the fork of the Ohio, to which both parties were looking with deep interest. The first birds of spring filled the forest with their songs. The swift river rolled by the Allegheny hillsides, swollen by the melting snows of spring and April showers. The leaves were appearing, a few Indian scouts were seen, but no enemy seemed near at hand, and all was so quiet that Frazier, an old Indian trader, who had been left by Trent in command of the new fort, ventured to his home at the mouth of Turtle Creek, ten miles up the Monongahela. But though all was so quiet in that wilderness, keen eyes had seen the low entrenchment that was rising at the fork, and swift feet had borne the news of it up the valley, and on the morning of the 17th of April, Ensign Ward, who then had charge of it, saw upon the Allegheny a sight that made his heart sink; — sixty batteaux and three hundred canoes, filled with men, and laden deep with cannon and stores. The fort was called on to surrender : by the advice of the Half-King, Ward tried to evade the act, but it would not do. Contrecoeur, with a thousand men about him, said ‘ Evacuate,’ and the ensign dared not refuse. That evening he supped with his captor, and the next day was bowed off by the Frenchman, and, with his men and tools, marched up the Mon- ongbahela.” The French and Indian war had begun. The treaty of Aix la Chapelle, in 1748, had left the foundries between the French and English possessions unsettled, and the events already narrated show that the French were determined to hold the country watered by the Mississippi and its tributaries: while the English laid claim to the country by virtue of the discoveries by the Cabots, and claimed all the country from New Foundland to Florida, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The first deci- sive blow had been struck, and the first attempt of the English, through the Ohio Company, to occupy these lands had resulted disastrously to them. The French and Indians immediately completed the fortifications begun at the fork, which they had so easily captured, and when completed gave to the fort the name of Du Quesne. Washington was at Will’s creek, when the news of the capture of the fort arrived. He at once departed to re- capture it. On his way he entrenched himself at a place called the “Meadows,” where he erected a fort called by him Fort Necessity. From there he surprised and captured a force of French and Indians marching against him, but v T as soon after attacked by a much superior force, and was obliged to yield on the morning of July 4th. He was allowed to return to Virginia. The English Government immediately planned four cam- paigns, one against IJort Du Quesne, one against Nova Scotia, one against Fort Niagara, and one against Crown Point. These occurred during 1755-6, and v T ere not successful in driving the French from their possessions. The expedition against Fort Du Quesne was led by the famous Braddock, who, refusing to listen to the advice of Washington and those acquainted with Indian warfare, suffered an inglorious defeat. This occurred on the morning of July 9th, and is generally known as the battle of Monongahela or “ Braddock ’s defeat.” The war continued through various vicissitudes through the years 1756-7, when, at the commencement of 1758, in accordance with the plans of William Pitt, then secretary of state, afterwards Lord Chatham, active preparations were made to carry on the war. Three expeditions were planned for this year: one under General Amherst, against Louisburg ; another under Abercrombie, against Fort Ticonderega ; and a third under General Forbes, 18 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. against Fort Dn Quesne. On the 26th of July, Louisburg surrendered after a desperate resistance of more than forty days, and the eastern part of the Canadian possessions fell into the hands of the British. Abercrombie captured Fort Frontenac, and when the expedition against Fort Du Quesne, of which Washington had the active command, arrived there, it was found in dames and deserted. The English at once took possession, rebuilt the fort, and in honor of their illustrious statesman, changed the name to Fort Pitt. The great object of the campaign of 1759, was the reduction of Canada. General Wolfe was to lay siege to Quebec ; Am- herst was to reduce Ticonderoga and Crown Point ; and General Prideaux was to capture Niagara. This latter place was taken in July, but the gallant Prideaux lost his life. Amherst cap- tured Ticonderoga and Crown Point, without a blow ; and Wolfe, after making the memorable ascent to the plains of ' Abraham, on September 13th, defeated Montcalm, and on the 18th the city capitulated. In this engagement, Montcalm and Wolfe both lost their lives. De Levi, Montcalm’s successor, marched to Sillcry, three miles above the city, with the purpose of defeating the English, and there, on the 28th of the following April, was fought one of the bloodiest battles of the French and Indian war. It resulted in the defeat of the French, and the fall of the city of Montreal. The Governor signed a capitu- lation by which the whole of Canada was surrendered to the English. This practically concluded the war, but it was not until 1763 that the treaties of peace between France and Eng- land were signed. This was done on the 10th of February of that year, and under its provisions all the country east of the Mississippi and north of the Iberville river in Louisiana, were ceded to England. At the same time, Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain. On the 13th of September, 1760, Major Robert Rogers was sent from Montreal to take charge of Detroit, the only remaining French post in the territory. He arrived there on the 9th of November, and summoned the place to surrender. At first the commander of the post, Beletre, refused, but on the 29th, hearing of the continued defeat of the French army, surrendered. The North-west Territory was now entirely under the English rule. In 1762, France, by a secret treaty, ceded Louisiana to Spain, to prevent it falling into the hands of the English, who were becoming masters of the entire West. The next year the treaty of Paris, signed at Fontaiubleau, gave to the English the domi- nion in question. Twenty years after, by the treaty of peace between the United States and England, that part of Canada lying south and west of the great lakes, comprehending a large territory, was acknowledged to be a portion of the United States. In 1803 Louisiana was ceded by Spain baok to France, and by France sold to the United States. By the treaty of Paris, the regions east of the Mississippi, including all these and other towns of the north-west, were given over to England ; but they do not appear to have been taken possession of until 1765, when Captain Stirling, in the name of the Majesty of England, estab- lished himself at Fort Chartres, bearing with him the proclama- tion of General Gage, dated December 30th, 1764, which pro- mised religious freedom to all Catholics who worshiped here and the right to leave the country with their effects if they wished, or to remain with the privileges of Englishmen. During the years 1775 and 1776, by the operations of land companies and the perseverance of individuals, several settlements were firmly established between the Alleghenies and the Ohio river and western land .speculators were busy in Illinois and on the Wabash. At a council held in Kaskaskia, on July 5th, 1773, an association of English traders, calling themselves the “ Illinois Land Company,” obtained from the chiefs of the Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and Peoria tribes two large tracts of land lying on the east side of the Mississippi river south of the Illinois. In 1775 a merchant from the Illinois country, named Viviat, came to Post Vincennes as the agent of the association called the “Wa- bash Land Company.’ On the 8th of October he obtained from eleven Piankeshaw chiefs a deed for 37.497,600 acres of land. This deed was signed by the grantors, attested by a number of the inhabitants of Vincennes, and afterward recorded in the office of a Notary Public at Kaskaskia. This and other land compa- nies had extensive schemes for the colonization of the West; but all were frustrated by the breaking out of the Revolutionary war. On the 20th of April, 1780, the two companies named consolidated under the name of the “United Illinois and Wabash Land Company;” they afterwards made strenuous efforts to have these grants sanctioned by Congress, but all signally failed. When the war of the Revolution commenced, Kentucky was an unorganized country, there being settlements within her borders. In Hutchins’ Topography of Virginia, it is stated that at that time Kaskaskia contained 80 houses, and nearly 1,000 white and black inhabitants, the whites being a little the more numerous. Cahokia contained fifty houses, 300 white inhabitants, and 80 negroes. There were east of the Mississippi river, about the year 1771 — when these observations were made — “300 white men capable of bearing arms, and 230 negroes.” From 1775 until the expedition of Clark, nothing is recorded and nothing known of these settlements, save what is contained in a report made by a committee to Congress in June, 1778. From it the following extract is made: “ Near the mouth of the river Kaskaskia, there is a village which appears to have contained nearly eighty fami- lies from the beginning of the late Revolution ; there are twelve families at a small village at La Prairie Du Roehers, and nearly fifty families at the Cahokia village. There are also four or five families at Fort Chartres and St. Philip’s, which is five miles further up the river.” St. Louis had been settled in February, 1764, and at this time contained, including its neighboring towns, over six hundred white and one hundred and fifty negroes. It must be remembered that all the country west of the Mississippi was under French rule, and remained so until ceded back to Spain, its original owner, who afterwards sold it and the country including New Orleans to the United States. At Detroit, there were, according to Captain Carver, who was in the north-west from 1768 to 1776, more than one hundred houses, and the river was settled for more than twenty miles, although poorly culti- vated, the people being engaged in the Indian trade. On the breaking out of the Revolution, the British held every post of importance in the AVest. Kentucky was formed as a component part of Virginia, and the sturdy pioneers of the AVest, alive to their interests, and recognizing the great benefits of obtaining the control of the trade in this part of the New AVorld, held steadily to their purposes, and those within the common- wealth of Kentucky proceeded to exercise their civil privileges by electing John Todd and Richard Gallaway burgesses, to rep- resent them in the assembly of the present state. The chief spirit HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 19 in this far-out colony, who had represented her the year previous east of the mountains, was now meditating a move of unequalled boldness. He had been watching the movements of the British throughout the north-west, and understood their whole plan. He saw it was through their possession of the posts at Detroit, Vincennes, Kaskaskia, aud other places, which would give them easy access to the various Indian tribes in the north-west, that the British intended to penetrate the country from the north and south, and annihilate the frontier fortresses. This moving, ener- getic man was Colonel, afterwards General George Rogers Clark. He knew that the Indians were not unanimously in accord with the English, and he was convinced that, could the British be defeated and expelled from the north-west, the natives might be easily awed into neutrality; by spies sent for the purpose, he satisfied himself that the enterprise against the Illinois settle- ments might easily succeed. Patrick Henry was Governor of Virginia, and at once entered heartily into Clark’s plans. The same plan had before been agitated in the Colonial Assemblies ; but there was no one until Clark came who was sufficiently acquainted with the condition of affairs at the scene of action to be able to guide them. Clark, having satisfied the Virginia leaders of the feasibility of his plan, received on the second of January two sets of instruc- tions: one secret, the other open. The latter authorized him to £>roceed to enlist seven companies to go to Kentucky, subject to his orders, and to serve three months from their arrival in the west. The secret order authorized him to arm the troops, to procure his powder and lead of General Hand, at Pittsburg, and to proceed at once to subjugate the country. With these instructions Clark repaired to Pittsburg, choosing rather to raise his men west of the mountains. Here he raised three companies and several private volunteers. Clark at length commenced his descent of the Ohio, which he navigated as far as the falls, where he took possession of and fortified Corn Island, between the present sites of Louisville, Kentucky, and New Albany, Indiana. Remains of this fortification may yet be found. At this place he appointed Col. Bowman to meet him with such recruits as had reached Kentucky by the southern route. Here he announced to the men their real destination. On the 24th of June he embarked on the river, his destination being Fort Massac or Massacre, and thence marched direct to Kas- kaskia. The march was accomplished and the town reached on the evening of July 4. He captured the fort near the village, aud soon after the village itself, by surprise, without the loss of a single man or killing any of the enemy. Clark told the natives that they were at perfect liberty to worship as they jJeased, and to take whichever side of the conflict they would, and he would protect them from any barbarity from British or Indian foes. This had the desired effect, and the inhabitants at once swore allegiance to the American arms, and when Clark desired to go to Cahokia on the 6th of July, they accompanied him, and through their iufluence the inhabitants of the place surrendered. Thus two important posts in Illinois passed from the hands of the English into the possession of Virginia. During the year (1779) the famous ‘'Land Laws” of Virginia were passed. The passage of these laws was of more consequence to the pioneers of Kentucky and the north-west than the gaining of a few Indian conflicts. These grants confirmed in the main all grants made, and guaranteed to actual settlers their rights and privileges. DIVISION OF TIIE NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. The increased emigration to the north-west, and extent of the domain, made it very difficult to conduct the ordinary operations of government, and rendered the efficient action of courts almost impossible; to remedy this it was deemed advisable to divide the territory for civil purposes. Congress, in 1800, appointed a committee to examine the question and report some means for its solution. This committee on the 3d of March reported: “In the three western countries there has been but one court having cognizance of crimes, in five years, and the immunity which offenders expe- rience attracts, as to an asylum, the most vile and abandoned criminals, and at the same time deters useful citizens from making settlements in such society. The extreme necessity of judiciary attention aud assistance is experienced in civil as well as in criminal cases. * * * * To remedy this evil it is expedient to the committee that a division of said territory into two distinct and separate governments should be made, and that such division be made by beginning at the mouth of the Great Miami river, running directly north until it intersects the boundary between the United States and Canada.” The report was accepted by Congress, and, in accordance with its suggestions, that body passed an act extinguishing the north- west territory, which act was approved May 7th. Among its provisions were these : “That from and after July 4 next, all that part of the terri- tory of the United States north-west of the Ohio river, which lies to the westward of a line beginning at a point opposite the mouth of the Kentucky river, and running thence to Fort Recovery, and thence North until it shall intersect the terri- torial line between the United States and Canada, shall, for the purpose of temporary government, constitute a separate territory and be called the Indian Territory.” Gen. Harrison (afterwards President), was appointed governor of the Indian Territory, and during his residence at Vincennes, he made several important treaties with the Indians, thereby gaining large tracts of land. The next year is memorable in the history of the west for the purchase of Louisiana from France by the United States for 815,000,000. Thus by a peace- ful manner the domain of the United States was extended over a large tract of country west of the Mississippi, and was for a time under the jurisdiction of the north-western government. The next year Gen. Harrison obtained additional grants of land from the various Indian nations in Indiana and the present limits of Illinois, and on the 18th of August, 1804, completed a treaty at St. Louis, whereby over 51,000,000 acres of laud were obtained. During this year, Congress granted a township of land for the support of a college, and began to offer inducements for settlers in these wilds, and the country now comprising the state of Michigan began to fill rapidly with settlers along its southern borders. This same year a law was passed organizing the south-west territory, dividing it into two portions, — the terri- tory of New Orleans, which city was made the seat of govern- ment, and the district of Louisiana, which was annexed to the domain by General Harrison. On the 11th of January, 1805, the territory of Michigan was formed, and Wm. Hull was appointed governor, with lieadquar- 20 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. ters at Detroit, the change to lake effect June 30th. On the 1 1th of that month, a fire occurred at Detroit, which destroyed almost every building in the place. When the officers of the new territory reached the post, they found it in ruins, and the inhabitants scattered throughout the country. Rebuilding, how- ever, was commenced at once. While this was being done, Indiana passed to the second grade of government. In 1809, Indiana territory was divided, and the territory of Illinois was formed, the seat of government being fixed at Kaskaskia, and through her General Assembly had obtained large tracts of' land from the Indian tribes. To all this the celebrated Indian Tecumthe, or Tecumseh, vigorously protested,* and it was the main cause of his attempts to unite the various Indian tribes in a conflict with the settlers. He visited the principal tribes, and succeeded in forming an alliance with most of the tribes, and then joined the cause of the British in the memorable war of j 1812. Tecumseh was killed at the battle of the Thames. Tecumseh was, in many respects, a noble character, — frank and honest in his intercourse with General Harrison and the settlers ; in war, brave and chivalrous. His treatment of prisoners was j humane. In the summer of 1812, Perry’s victory on Lake Erie occurred, and shortly after, active preparations were made to j capture Fort Malden. On the 27th of September, the American ! army, under command of General Harrison, set sail for the j shores of Canada, and, in a few hours, stood around the ruins of | Malden, from which the British army under Proctor had re- treated to Sandwich, intending to make its way to the heart of Canada by the valley of the Thames. On the 29th, General Harrison was at Sandwich, and General McArthur took posses- sion of Detroit and the territory of Michigan. On the 2d of October following, the American army began their pursuit of Proctor, whom they overtook on the 5th, and the battle of the Thames followed. The victory was decisive, and practically : closed the war in the north west. In 1806, occurred Burr’s insurrection. He took possession of an island in the Ohio, and was charged with treasonable intentions against the Federal gov- ernment. His capture was effected by General Wilkinson, acting under instruction of President Jefferson. Burr was brought to trial on a charge of treason, and, after a prolonged trial, during which he defended himself with great ability, he was acquitted of the charge of treason. His subsequent career was obscure, and he died in 1836. Had his scheme succeeded, it would be interesting to know what effect it would have had on the north- western territory. The battle of the Thames was fought October 6th, 1813. It effectually closed hostilities in the north-west, although peace was not restored until July 22d, 1814, when a treaty was made at Greenville, by General Harrison, between the United States and the Indian tribes. On the 24th of De- cember, the treaty of Ghent was signed by the representatives of England and the United States. This treaty was followed the next year by treaties with various Indian tribes throughout the north-west, and quiet was again restored. PRESENT CONDITION OF TIIE NORTH WEST. In the former chapters we have traced briefly the discoveries, settlements, wars, and most important events which have occurred in the large area of country denominated the north west, and we ♦ * American State Papers. now turn to the contemplation of its growth and jirosperity. Its people are among the most intelligent and enterprising in the Union. The population is steadily increasing, the arts and sciences are gaining a stronger foothold, the trade area of the region is becoming daily more extended, and we have been largely exempt from the financial calamities which have nearly wrecked communities on the sea-board, dependent wholly on foreign commerce or domestic manufacture. Agriculture is the leading feature in our industries. This vast domain has a sort of natural geographical border, save where it melts away to the southward in the cattle-raising districts of the south-west. The leading interests will be the growth of the food of the world, in which branch it has already outstripped all competitors, and our great rival will be the fertile fields of Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, Texas and New Mexico. To attempt to give statistics of grain productions for 1880 ivould require more space than our work would permit of. Manufacturing has now attained in the chief cities a foothold that bids fair to render the north-west independent of the outside world. Nearly our whole region has a distribution of coal mea- sure which will in time support the manufactures necessary to our comfort and prosperity. As to transportation, the chief factor in the production of all articles except food, no section is so magnificently endowed, and our facilities are yearly increasing beyond those of any other region. The principal trade and manufacturing centres of the great north-west are Chicago, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, De- troit, Cleveland and Toledo, with any number of minor cities and towns doing a large and growing business. The intelligence and enterprise of its people ; the great wealth of its soil and minerals ; its vast inland seas and navigable rivers; its magnifi- cent railroad system ; its patriotism and love of country will render it ever loyal in the future as in the past. The people of the Mississippi Valley are the keystone of the national union and national prosperity. CHAPTER II. BRIEF HISTORICAL SKETCH OF ILLINOIS. T is necessary to treat the history of this great State briefly. Ar.d first we direct attention to the dis- covery and exploration of the Mississippi. Hernando De Soto, cutting his way through the wilderness from Florida, had discovered the Mississippi in the year 1542. Wasted with disease and privation, he only reached the stream to die upon its banks, and the remains of the ambitious and iron-willed Spaniard found a fitting resting-place beneath the waters of the great river. The chief incitement to Spanish discoveries in America was a thirst for gold and treasure. The discovery and settlement of the Mississippi Valley on the part of the French must, on the other hand, be ascribed to religious zeal. Jesuit missionaries, from the French settlements on the St. Lawrence, early penetrated to the region of Lake Huron. It w r as from the tribes of Indians living in the West, that intelligence came of a noble river flowing south. Marquette, who had visited the Chip- pewas in 1668, and established the mission of St. Mary, now the oldest settlement within the present commonwealth pf Michigan, formed the purpose of its exploration. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 21 In company with Joliet, a fur-trader of Quebec, who had been designated by M. Talon, Intendent of Canada, as chieftain of the exploring party, and five French voyageurs, Marquette, on the 10th of June, 1G73, set out on the expedition. Crossing the water-shed dividing the Fox from the Wisconsin rivers, their two canoes were soon launched on the waters of the latter. Seven days after, on the 17th of June, they joyfully entered the broad current of the Mississippi. Stopping six days on the western bank, near the mouth of the Des Moines Iiiver, to enjoy the hospitalities of the Illinois Indians, the voyage was resumed, and after passing the perpendicular rocks above Alton, on whose lofty limestone front are painted frightful representations of monsters, they suddenly came upon the mouth of the Missouri, known by its Algonquin name of Pekitanoui, whose swift and turbid current threatened to engulf their frail canoes. The site of St. Louis was an unbroken forest, and further down, the fertile plain bordering the river reposed in peaceful solitude, as, early in July, the adventurers glided past it. They continued their voyage to a point some distance below the mouth of the Arkansas, and then retraced their course up the river, arriving at their Jesuit Mission at the head of Green Bay, late in Sep- tember. Robert, Cavalier de La Salle, whose illustrious name is more intimately connected with the exploration of the Mississippi than that of any other, was the next to descend the river, in the early part of the year 1682. At its mouth he erected a column, and decorating it with the arms of France, placed upon it the follow- ing inscription : LOUIS LE GRAND, ROI DE FRANCE ET DE NAVARRE, REGNE ; LE NEUVIEME AVRIL, 1682. Thus France, by right of discovery, lay claim to the Missis- sippi Valley, the fairest portion of the globe, an empire in extent, stretching from the Gulf to the Lakes, and from the farthest sources of the Ohio to where the Head waters of the Missouri are lost in the wild solitudes cf the Rocky Mountains. La Salle bestowed upon the territory the name of Louisiana, in honor of the King of France, Louis XIV. The assertion has been made that on La Salle’s return up the river, in the summer of 1682, a portion of the party were left behind, who founded the villages of Kaskaskia and Cahokia, but the statement rests on no substantial foundation. THE FIRST SETTLEMENTS IN ILLINOIS. The gentle and pious Marquette, devoted to his purpose of carrying the gospel to the Indians, had established a mission among the Illinois, in 1675, at their principal town on the river which still bears their name. This was at the present town of Utica, in La Salle County. In the presence of the whole tribe, by whom, it is recorded, he was received as a celestial visitor, he displayed the sacred pictures of the Virgin Mary, raised an altar, and said mass. On Easter Sunday, after celebrating the mystery of the Eucharist, he took possession of the land in the name of the Saviour of the world, and founded the “ Mission of the Im- maculate Conception.” The town was called Kaskaskia, a name afterwards transferred to another locality. La Salle, while making preparations to descend the Missis- sippi, built a fort, on the Illinois River, below the Lake of Peoria, in February, 16S0, and in commemoration of his misfortunes, bestowed upon it the name of Crevecceur, “ broken-hearted.” Traces of its embankments are yet discernible. This was the first military occupation of Illinois. There is no evidence, how- ever, that settlement was begun there at that early date. On La Salle’s return from this exploration of the Mississippi, in 1682, he fortified “Starved Rock,” whose military advantages had previously attracted his attention. From its summit, which rises 125 feet above the waters of the river, the valley of the Illinois speeds out before the eye in a landscape of rarest beauty. From three sides it is inaccessible. This stronghold received the name of the Fort of St. Louis. Twenty thousand allied Indians gathered around it on the fertile plains. The fort seems to have been abandoned soon after the year 1700. Marquette’s mission (1675), Crevecceur (1680), and the Fort of St. Louis (1682), embrace, so far, all the attempts made toward effecting anything like a permanent settlement in the Illinois country. Of the second few traces remain. A line of fortifications may be faintly traced, and that is all. The seed of civilization planted by the Jesuit, Marquette, among the Illinois Indians, was destined to produce more enduring fruit. It was the germ of Kaskaskia, during the succeeding years of the French occupation — the metropolis of the Mississippi Valley. The southern Kaskaskia is merely the northern one transplanted. The Mission of the Immaculate Conception is the same. FOUNDING OF KASKASKIA. On the death of Marquette, he was succeeded by Alloiiez, and he by Father Gravier, who respectively had charge of the Mis- sion on the Illinois River. Gravier is said to have been the first to reduce the principles of the Illinois language to rules. It was also he who succeeded in transferring Marquette’s Mission from the banks of the Illinois south to the spot where stands the modern town of Kaskaskia, and where it was destined to endure. The exact date is not known, but the removal was accomplished some time prior to the year 1690, though probably not earlier than 1685. Father Gravier was subsequently recalled to Mackinaw, and his place was supplied by Bineteau and Pinet. Pinet proved an eloquent and successful minister, and his chapel was often in- sufficient to hold the crowds of savages who gathered to hear his words. Bineteau met with a fate similar to that which befell many another devoted priest in his heroic labors for the conver- sion of the savages. He accompanied the Kaskaskias on one of their annual hunts to the upper Mississippi, that his pastoral relations might not suffer intermission. His frame was poorly litted to stand the exposure. Parched by day on the burning prairie, chilled by heavy dews at night, now panting with thirst and again aching with cold, he at length fell a victim to a vio- lent fever, and “ left his bones on the wilderness range of the buffaloes.” Pinet shortly after followed his comrade. Father Gabriel Morrest had previously arrived at Kaskaskia. He was a Jesuit. He had carried the emblem of his faith to the frozen regions of Hudson’s Bay, and had been taken prisoner by the English, and upon his liberation returned to America, and joined the Kaskaskia Mission. After the deaths of Bineteau and Pinet, he had sole charge until joined by Father Mermet shortly after the opening of the eighteenth century. The devotion and piety of Mermet fully equalled those of his companion. Pie had assisted in collecting a village of Indians 22 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. and Canadians, and had thus founded the first French port on the Ohio, or, as the lower part of the river was then called, the Wabash. At the Kaskaskia Mission his gentle virtues and fervid eloquence seem not to have been without their influence. “At early dawn his pupils came to church dressed neatly and modestly, each in a large deer-skin, or in a robe stitched together from several skins. After receiving lessons they chanted canti- cles ; mass was then said in presence of all the Christians in the place, the French and the converts — the women on one side and the men on the other. From prayer and instruction the mission- aries jwoceed to visit the sick and administer medicine, and their skill as physicians did more than all the rest to win confidence- In the afternoon the catechism was taught in the presence of the young and the old, when every one, without distinction of rank or age, answered the questions of the missionary. At evening all would assemble at the chapel for instruction, for prayer, and to chant the hymns of the church. On Sundays and festivals, even after vespers, a homily was pronounced ; at the close of the day parties would meet in houses to recite the chaplet in alter- nate choirs, and sing psalms until late at night. These psalms were often homilies with words set to familiar tunes. Saturday and Sunday were days appointed for confession and communion, and every convert confessed once in a fortnight. The success of the mission was such that marriages of French immigrants were sometimes solemnized with the daughters of the Illinois accord- ing to the rites of the Catholic Church. The occupation of the country was a cantonment of Europeans among the native pro- prietors of the forests and the prairies.* A court of law was unknown for nearly a century, and up to the time of Boisbriant there was no local government. The priests possessed the entire confidence of the community, and their authority happily settled, without the tardy delays and vexations of the courts, the minor difficulties which threatened the peace of the settlement. Of the families which formed part of the French population in the early history of Kaskaskia, there is some uncertainty. There is, how- ever, authority for believing that the following were among the principal settlers : Bazyl La Chapelle, Michael Derouse (called St. Pierre), Jean Baptiste St. Gemme Beauvais, Baptiste Mon- treal, Boucher de Montbrun, Charles Danie, Francois Charles- ville, Antoine Bienvenu, Louis Bruyat, Alexis Doza, Joseph Paget, Prix Pagi, Michael Antoyen, Langlois De Lisle, La Derroutte and Koval. AS PART OF LOUISIANA. The settlements of Illinois had been a separate dependency of Canada. In 1711, together with the settlements on the Lower Mississippi, which had been founded by D’Iberville and Bien- ville, they became united in a single province under the name of Louisiana, with the capital at Mobile. The exclusive control of the commerce of this region, whose boundless resources, it was believed, were to enrich France, was granted to Anthony Crozat, a merchant of great wealth. “We permit him,” says the king in his letters patent, “to search, open, and dig all mines, veins, minerals, precious stones and pearls, and to transport the proceeds thereof into any part of France for fifteen years.” La Motte Cadillac, who had now become royal Governor of Louisiana, was his partner. Hopes * Bancroft. of obtaining great quantities of gold and silver animated the proprietors, as well as agitated France. Two pieces of silver ore, left at Kaskaskia by a traveler from Mexico, were exhibited to Cadillac as the produce of a mine in Illinois. Elated by this prospect of wealth, the Governor hurried up the river to find his anticipations fade away in disappointment. Iron ore and the purest lead were discovered in large quantities in Missouri, but of gold, and silver, and precious stones not a trace was found. After Crozat had expended 425,000 livres, and realized only 300,000, he, in 1717, petitioned the king for the revocation of his charter. The white population had slowly increased ; and at the time of his departure it was estimated that the families comprising the Illinois settlements, now including those on the Wabash, numbered three hundred and twenty souls. The commerce of Louisiana was next transferred to the Mississippi Company, instituted under the auspices of the notori- ous John Law. The wild excitement and visionary schemes which agitated France during Law’s connection with the Com- pany of the West, and while at the head of the Bank of France, form the most curious chapter in the annals of commercial speculations. These delusive dreams of wealth were based mainly upon the reports of the fabulous riches of the Mississippi Valley. Attempts to colonize the country were conducted with careless prodigality. Three ships landed eight hundred emi- grants in August, 1718, near Mobile, whence they were to make their way overland to the Mississippi. Bienville, on the banks of that river, had already selected the spot for the Capital of the new Empire, which, after the Regent of France, was named New Orleans. From among the emigrants, eighty convicts from the prisons of France were sent to clear away the coppices which thickly studded the site. Three years after, in 1721, the place was yet a wilderness, overgrown with canebrakes, among which two hundred persons had encamped. Phillip Renault- was created Director-General of the mines of the new country, and an expedition was organized to work them. Renault left France, in 1719, with two hundred mechanics and laborers. Touching at San Domingo, he bought five hundred negro slaves for working the mines. On reaching the Mississippi, he sailed to Illinois, the region in which gold and silver were supposed to abound. A few miles from Kaskaskia, in what is now the. south-west corner of Monroe County, was the seat of his colony. The village which he founded received the name of St. Phillip’s. From this point various expeditions were sent out in search of the precious metals. Drewry’s Creek, in Jackson County, was explored; St. Mary’s, in Randolph; Silver Creek, in Monroe; and various parts of St. Clair County, and other districts of Illinois. On Silver Creek, tradition has it that con- siderable quantities of silver were discovered and sent to France and from this the stream has its name. By the retrocession of the territory to the crown, Renault was left to prosecute the business of miuing without means. His operations proved a disastrous failure. FORT CHARTRES. Meanwhile war had sprung up between France and Spain, and to protect the Illinois settlements from incursions of Spanish cavalry across the Great Desert, it was thought advisable to establish a fort in the neighborhood of Kaskaskia. A Spanish expedition had, indeed, been fitted out at Santa Fe, but their HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 23 guides, leading it by mistake to the Missouri Indians, instead of the Osages, enemies instead of friends, the whole party was massacred, with the exception of a priest who escaped to relate the fate of his unfortunate comrades. Previous to this La Salle, on the occasion of his visit to Paris, had shown the necessity of building a chain of forts from Canada to the Gulf, in order to secure the territory to the crown of France. In 1720, Boisbriant was despatched to Illinois. He began the building of Fort Chartres, long the strongest fortress on the Western Continent, and of wide celebrity in the subsequent history of Illinois. Fort Chartres stood on the east bank of the Mississippi, seventeen miles north-west of Kaskaskia, and between three and four miles from the location of the present village of Prairie du Rocher. The Company of the West finally built their ware- houses here. In 1721, on the division of Louisiana into seven districts, it became the headquarters of Boisbriant, the first local Governor of Illinois. Fort Chartres was the seat of the govern- ment of Illinois, not only while the French retained possession of the country, but after it passed under English control. When the fort was built, it stood about one mile distant from the river. In the year 1724 an inundation of the Mississippi washed axvay a portion of bank in front of the fort. Captain Philip Pitman visited Illinois in 1766. He was an engineer in the British army, and was sent to Illinois to make a survey of the forts, and report the condition of thc»country, which had recently passed under British control. He published in London, in 1770, a work entitled, “The present State of the European Settlements on the Mississippi,” in which he gives an accurate description of Fort Chartres: “Fort Chartres, when it belonged to France, was the seat of the government of the Illinois. The headquarters of the Eng- lish commanding officer i$ now here, who, in fact, is the arbitrary governor of the country. The fort is an irregular quadrangle. The sides of the exterior polygon are four hundred and ninety feet. It is built of stone, and plastered over, and is only de- signed for defence against the Indians. The walls are two feet two inches thick, and are pierced with loopholes at regular dis- tances, and with two port holes for cannon in the facies, and two in the flanks of each bastion. The ditch has never been finished. The entrance to the fort is through a very handsome rustic gate. Within the walls is a banquette raised three feet, for the men to stand on when they fire through the loopholes. The buildings within the fort are, a commandant’s and a commissary’s house, the magazine of stores, corps de garde, and two barracks. These occupy the square. Within the gorges of the bastion are a powder-magazine, a bake-house, and a prison, in the floor of which are four dungeons, and in the upper, two rooms and an out-house belonging to the commandant. The commandant’s house is thirty-two yards long and ten broad, and contains a kitchen, a dining room, a bed-chamber, one small room, five closets for servants, and a cellar. The commissary’s house is built on the same line as this, and its proportion and the distri- bution of its apartments are the same. Opposite these are the store-house, and the guard-house, each thirty yards long and eight broad. The former consists of two large store-rooms, (under which is a large vaulted cellar), a large room, a bed- chamber, and a closet for the storekeeper. The latter of a sol- diers’ and officers’ guard-room, a chapel, a bed-chamber, a closet for the chaplain, and an artillery store-room. The lines of bar- racks have never been finished. They at present consist of two rooms each for officers, and three for soldiers. They are each twenty-five feet square, and have betwixt a small passage.” Such was Fort Chartres, believed at the time to be the most convenient and best-built stronghold in North America! Just before the French surrender, forty families lived in the neighbor- ing village, in which stood a parish church, under the care of a Franciscan friar, and dedicated to St. Anne. At the time of the surrender to the English, all, with the exception of three or four families, abandoned their homes, and removed to the west bank of the Mississippi, preferring the government of La Belle France to the hated English rule, ignorant that by secret treaty the ter- ritory west of the Mississippi had been ceded to Spain, even be- fore the transfer of the region eastward was made to the English. But the glory of the old fortress soon departed! In 1756 nearly half a mile intervened between Fort Chartres and the bank of the Mississippi. A sand bar, however, was forming opposite, to which the river was fordable. Ten years later the current had cut the bank away to within eighty yards of the fort. The sand-bar had become an island, covered with a thick growth of cottonwoods. The channel between it and the eastern bank was forty feet in depth. In the great freshet six years after, in 1772, in which the American Bottom was inundated, the west walls and two of the bastions were swept away in the flood. It was abandoned by the British garrison, which took up its quarters in Fort Gage, on the bluff opposite Kaskaskia, which then became the seat of government. From this date its demolition proceeded rapidly. In 1820 the south-east angle was still remaining. Only vestiges of the old Fortress can now be traced. Much of the stone was carried away, and used for building purposes elsewhere. Trees of stately growth cover the foundations. The river has retreated to its original channel, and is now a mile distant from the ruins. A growth of timber covers the intervening land, where less than a century ago swept the mighty current of the Father of Waters. UNDER FRENCH RULE. During the few years immediately succeeding the completion of Fort Chartres, prosperity prevailed in the settlements between the Kaskaskia and the Mississippi rivers. Prairie du Rocher, founded about the year 1722, received considerable accessions to its population. Among the earliest French settlers to make their homes here were Etienne Langlois, Jean Baptiste Blais, Jean Baptiste Barbeau, Antoine Louvier, and the La Compte and other families, whose descendants are still found in that locality. New settlements sprang up, and the older ones in- creased in population. At Kaskaskia, the Jesuits established a monastery, and founded a college. In 1725 the village became an incorporated town, and the king, Louis XV., granted the in- habitants a commons. The Bottom land, extending upward along the Mississippi, unsurpassed for the richness of its soil, was in the process of being rapidly settled by the larger number of new arrivals in the colony. Fort Chartres, the seat of gov- ernment and the headquarters of the commandment of Upper Louisiana, attracted a wealthy, and for Illinois, a fashionable population. After having been fourteen years under the government of the Western Company, in April, 1732, the King issued a proclama- 24 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. tion by which Louisiana was declared free to all his subjects, and all restrictions on commerce were removed. At this time many flourishing settlements had sprung up in Illinois, centering about Kaskaskia, and the inhabitants were said to be more exclu- sively devoted to agriculture than in any other of the French settlements in the West. M. D’Artaguette, in 1732, became commandant of Fort Char- tres, and Governor of Upper Louisiana. Between New Orleans and Kaskaskia the country was yet a wilderness. Communica- tion by way of the Mississippi was interrupted by the Chicka- saws, allies of the English and enemies of France, whose cedar barks shooting boldly out into the current of the Mississippi, cut off the connection between the two colonies. It was in an attempt to subdue these that M. D’Artaguette, the commandant, lost his life. An officer arrived at Fort Chartres from M. Prer- rier, Governor-General at New Orleans, in the year 173G, sum- moning M. D’Artaguette, with his French soldiers, and all the Indians whom he could induce to join him, to unite in an expe- dition against the enemy. With an army of fifty Frenchmen, and more than one thousand Indians accompanied by Father Senat and the gallant Vincennes, commandant of the post on the Wabash, where now stands the city bearing his name, D’Artaguette stole cautiously in the Chickasaw country. His Indian allies were impatient, and the commander consented, against his better judgment, to an immediate attack. One fort was carried — an- other — and then in making the assault on the third, the young and intrepid D’Artaguette fell at the head of his forces, pierced with wounds. The Indian allies made this reverse the signal for their flight. The Jesuit Senat might have fled, Vincennes might have saved his life, but both preferred to share the fate of their leader. The captives afterward met death at the stake under the slow torments of fire. La Buissoniere succeeded as commandant at Fort Chartres. In 1739 a second expedition was undertaken against the Chicka- saw country. La Buissoniere joined Bienville, then Governor- General of Louisiana, with a force of two hundred Frenchmen and three hundred Indians. The whole force under Bienville was twelve hundred French and five hundred Indians and negroes. His men suffered greatly from malarial fevers and famine, and returned the following spring without conquering the Chickasaws, with whom afterward, however, amicable relations were established. The period from 1740 to 1750 was one of great prosperity for the colonies. Cotton was introduced and cultivated. Regular cargoes of pork, flour, bacon, tallow, hides and leather, were^ floated down the Mississippi, and exported thence to France. French emigrants poured rapidly into the settlements. Cana- dians exchanged the cold rigors of their climate for the sunny atmosphere and rich soil of the new country. Peace and plenty blessed the settlements. La Buissoniere was followed, in 1750, by Chevalier Macarty as Governor of Upper Louisiana, and Commandant of Fort Chartres. Peace was soon to be broken. The French and English war, which terminated in 1759 with the defeat of Mont- calm on the plains of Abraham, and the capture of Quebec, began with a struggle for the territory on the Upper Ohio. Fort Chartres was the depot of supplies and the place of rendezvous for the united forces of Louisiana, and several expeditions were fitted out and dispatched to the scene of conflict on the border between the French and English settlements. But France was vanquished in the struggle, and its result deprived her of her princely possessions east of the Mississippi. CHARACTER OF THE EARLY FRENCH SETTLERS. The early French inhabitants were well adapted by their pe- culiar traits of character for intercourse with their savage neigh- bors of the forest, with whom they lived on terms of peace and friendship. For this reason, the French colonists almost entirely escaped the Indian hostilities by which the English settlements were repressed and weakened. The freest communication ex- isted between the two races. They stood on a footing of equal- ity. The Indian was cordially received in the French village and the Frenchman found a safe resting-place in the lodge of the savage. In scenes of social pleasure, in expeditions to remote rivers and distant forests, in the ceremonies and exercises of the church, the red men were treated as brothers, and the accident of race and color was made as little a mark of distinction as pos- sible. Frequent intermarriages of the French with the Indians strongly cemented this union. For nearly a hundred years the French colonists enjoyed continual peace, while the English set- tlements on the Atlantic coast were in a state of almost constant danger from savage depredations. It was doubtless greatly owing to the peculiar facility with which the French temperament adapted itself to surroundings, and the natural address with which Frenchmen ingratiated themselves in the favor of the savages, that this happy condition of affairs existed. But something must be ascribed to the differ- ence of character between the French and English in regard to their aggressiveness. The English colonists excited the jealousy and fear of the Indians by their rapid occupation of the country. New settlements were constantly being projected, and the white population pushed farther and farther into the wilderness. When the Indians saw their favorite haunts broken up, and their hunting grounds invaded, a natural feeling of distrust and jeal- ousy led them to warfare against the English. With the French it was different. There was but little disposition to found new settlements, or occupy the ivilderness. They were essentially a social people, and the solitary life of a pioneer in the forest was repugnant to'their disposition. They lived in compact villages. Their houses were in close proximity. With abundant room for spacious streets, they yet made them so narrow that the merry villagers could converse with ease across the street, each from his own cottage. Hunting was a favorite pursuit, and the chief means of support. With this mode of life the French were con- tent. Ambition failed to incite them to conquer the wilderness, and push their settlements to unknown regions, and avarice was wanting to lead them to grasp after great possessions. The de- velopment of the “territorial paradise,” as La Salle had called the region through which he passed on his first voyage down the Mississippi, was to be accomplished by another race. A POSSESSION OF GREAT BRITAIN. By the treaty of Fountainbleau, 1762, the vast possessions of France, east of the Mississippi, with the exception of the island of New Orleans, passed under British control. Fort Chartres and the other Illinois posts were surrounded by an impenetrable barrier of hostile savages, friends to the French and enemies to the English, and the French officers were authorized to retain HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 25 command until it was found possible for the English to take pos- session. M. Neyon de Villiers was commandant of Fort Char- tres, and upon his retiring in 17(54, St. Ange d’Bellerive took upon himself the duties of that position. It was the time of Pontiac’s conspiracy, when the Indian tribes, inflamed by the savage spirit of that warrior, were precipitating themselves on the English settlements from Canada to Carolina. The French commandant of Fort Chartres was besieged for arms and am- munition to be used against the English The French flag was still flying over the Fort, and the fact of the territory having been ceded to Great Britain was not generally known except to those in authority. The commandant was visited by embassies from the Illinois, the Delawares, Shawnees and Miamis, and finally Pontiac himself, at the head of four hundred warriors, entered the council hall. St. Ange d’Bellerive, unable to fur- nish arms, offered instead his good will. The reply was received with dissatisfaction. The Indians pitched their lodges about the Fort, and for a time an attack was seriously apprehended. Finally Pontiac dispatched a chosen band of warriors to New Orleans to obtain from the Governor there the assistance St. Ange refused to grant. Pontiac was killed a few years after. Disappointed by the failure of his plans against the English, he retired to the solitude of the forests. In the year 1769, he suddenly made his appear- ance in the neighborhood of St. Louis. Arrayed in the French uniform given him by the Marquis Montcalm a short time pre- vious to the latter’s death on the Plains of Abraham, he visited St. Ange d’Bellerive, who at that time had removed from Fort Chartres to St. Louis, where he had become one of the principal inhabitants and commandant of the Spanish garrison. While at St. Louis, he crossed the Mississippi to attend a social gather- ing of Indians at Cahokia. Becoming intoxicated he started to the neighboring woods, when an Indian of the Kaskaskia tribe, bribed by an English trader with a barrel of whiskey, stole up behind him and buried a tomahawk in the brain of the renowned warrior. St. Ange procured the body, and buried it with all the honors of war near the fort under his command in St. Louis. The tramp of a great city now sweeps over his grave. Two attempts, on the part of the English, to take possession of Illinois and Fort Chartres, had been made by way of the Missis- sippi, but hostile Indians on the banks of the river had driven back the expeditions. Meantime a hundred Highlanders of the Forty-second Regiment, those veterans “ whose battle cry had echoed over the bloodiest fields of America,” had left Fort Pitt, now Pittsburg, and descending the Ohio, appeared before Fort Chartres while the forests were yet rich with the varied hues of autumn. St. Ange yielded up the citadel. It was on the tenth day of October, 1765, that the ensign of France on the ram- parts of the Fort gave place to the flag of Great Britain. Kas- kaskia had now been founded more than three-fourths of a century. ' On the surrender of Fort Chartres, St- Ange with his garrison of twenty-one soldiers retired from the country, and became commandant at St. Louis, an infant settlement just founded. A large number of the French residents of Kaskaskia and other set- tlements refused to live under English rule. Many of the wealth- iest families left the country ; some removed across the Mississip- pi, to the small village of Ste. Genevieve, under the impression that on the west bank of the Mississippi they would still find a home under the government of France, while in truth that ter- ritory had been ceded to Spain by a secret treaty in 1762. Others joined in founding the city of St. Louis. The French settlements in Illinois, at a period immediately preceding this date, were at the zenith of their prosperity. From that day the French inhabitants have declined in numbers and influence. In 1765, the population of the Illinois settlements was computed as follows: White men able to bear arms, seven hundred; white women, five hundred ; white children, eight hundred and fifty ; negroes, nine hundred ; total, two thousand nine hundred and fifty. One-third of the whites, and a still larger proportion of the blacks, removed on the British taking possession. A popu- lation of less than two thousand remained. Few English, or Americans, with the exception of the British troops, were in the country. Captain Stirling, who now had command of the Fort, issued a proclamation guaranteeing the inhabitants the liberty of the Catholic faith, permission to retire from the country, and enjoy- ment of their full rights and privileges, only requiring an oath of fidelity and obedience to His Majesty, the English King. Captain Stirling died some three months after his arrival. In the period that elapsed before the coming of his successor, St. Ange d’Bellerive returned from St. Louis, and discharged the duties of commandant. Major Frazier, from Fort Pitt, exercised for a time an arbitrary power, and his successor, Col. Reed, proved still worse. He held the office eighteen months, and during that time aroused the hatred of the settlements by his oppressive measures. Lieutenant Colonel Wilkins assumed com- mand in 1768. Captain Pitman, to whose book on “ The Present State of the European Settlements on the Mississippi ” reference has already been made, gives the following description of Kaskaskia, as it appeared in 1766 : The village of Notre Dame de Cascasquias is by far the most considerable settlement in the country of the Illinois, as well from its number of inhabitants as from its advantageous situa- tion. “ Mons. Paget was the first who introduced water mills in this country, and he constructed a very fine one on the river Cascas- quias, which was both for grinding corn and sawing boards. It lies about one mile from the village. The mill proved fatal to him, being killed as he was working it, with two negroes, by a party of Cherokees, in the year 1764. “ The principal buildings are the church and the Jesuits’ house, which has a small chapel adjoining it; these, as well as some of the other houses in the village, are built of stone, and, considering this part of the world, make a very good appearance. The Jesuits’ plantation consisted of 240 arpents (an arpent is 85-100 of an acre) of cultivated land, a very good stock of cat- tle, and a brewery which was sold by the French commandant, after the country was ceded to the English, for the crown, in consequence of the suppression of the order. “ Mons. Beauvais was the purchaser, who is the richest of the English subjects in this country ; he keeps eighty slaves ; he furnishes 86,000 weight of flour to the King’s magazine, which was only part of the harvest lie reaped in one year. Sixty five families reside in this village, besides merchants, other casual people, and slaves. The fort which was burnt down in October, 1766, stood on the summit of a high rock opposite the village 26 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. and on the opposite side of the river. It was an oblong quad- rangle, of which the extreme polygon measured 290 by 251 feet. It was built of very thick square timber, and dove-tailed at the angles. An officer and twenty soldiers are quartered in the vil- lage. The officer governs the inhabitants under the direction of the commandant at Fort Chartres. Here are also two companies of militia.” Of Prairie du Rocher, Pitman writes that “ it is a small village, consisting of twenty-two dwelling-houses, all of which are inhab- ited by as many families. Here is a little chapel, formerly a chapel of ease to the church at Fort Chartres. The inhabitants arc very industrious, and raise a great deal of corn and every kind of stock. The village is two miles from Fort Chartres. It takes its name from its situation, being built under a rock that runs parallel with the Mississippi river at a league distance, for forty miles up. Here is a company of militia, the captain of which regulates the police of the village.” In describing the distance from Fort Chartres, the author, doubtless, refers to Little Village, which was a mile or more nearer than Prairie du Rocher. The writer goes on to describe “Saint Philippe” as a “small village about five miles from Fort Chartres on the road to Kaoquias. There are about sixteen houses and a small church standing; all of the inhabitants, except the captain of the militia, deserted in 1765, and went to the French side (Missouri.) The captain of the militia has about twenty slaves, a good stock of cattle, and a water mill for corn and planks. The village stands on a very fine meadow about one mile from the Mississippi. From the same authority we learn that the soil of the country is in general rich and luxuriant. It was favorably adapted to the production of all kinds of European grains, which grew side by side with hops, hemp, flax, cotton and tobacco. European fruits arrived to great perfection. Of the wild grapes a wine was made, very inebriating, and in color and taste much like the red wine of Provence. In the late wars, New Orleans and the lower parts of Louisiana were supplied with flour, beef, wines, hams, and other provisions, from this country. At pre- sent, its commerce is mostly confined to the peltry and furs which are got in traffic from the Indians; for which arc received in turn such European commodities as are necessary to carry on that commerce and the support of its inhabitants.” CONQUEST BY CLARKE. On the breaking out of the War of the Revolution, it is pro- bable that the British garrison (removed in 1772 from Fort Chartres to Fort Gage, opposite Kaskaskia,) had been with- drawn. Illinois was remote from the theatre of action, and the colonists were little disturbed by the rumors of war which came from the Atlantic coast. The French inhabitants were rather in sympathy with the Americans than the English, but probably understood little the nature of the struggle. Illinois belonged to the jurisdiction of Virginia. George Rogers Clarke, who visited Kentucky in 1775, seems to have been the first to com- prehend the advantages which would result from the occupation of Illinois by the Americans. He visited Virginia, where he laid his plans before Patrick Henry, the Governor of the State. Clarke received his instructions, January, 1778, and the follow- ing month set out for Pittsburg. His instructions were to raise seven companies of men, but he could only succeed in enlisting four, commanded by Captains Montgomery, Bowman, Helm, and Harrod. On Corn Island, opposite Louisville, on the Ohio, Clarke announced his destination to the men. At the mouth of the Tennessee, a man named John Duff was encountered, with a party of hunters, who had recently visited Kaskaskia, and also brought the intelligence that one Rocheblave, a French Cana- dian, was in command at that point, that he kept the militia well drilled, and that sentinels were posted to watch for the “ Long Knives,” as the Virginians were called, of whom the inhabitants were in terror. Securing his boats near Fort Massacre (or Massac,) Clarke undertook the journey across the country, one hundred and twenty miles, to Kaskaskia. It was accomplished with difficulty. On the afternoon of the fourth of July, 1778, the exhausted band of invaders came to the vicinity of Kaskas- kia, and concealed themselves in the hills to the east of the town- A Ter dark Clarke proceeded to the old ferry-house, three-fourths of a mile above the village, and at midnight addressed his troops on the banks of the river. He divided his force into three parties. Two were to cross to the west side of the river, and enter the town from different quarters. The third, under the direction of Clarke himself, was to capture the fort on the east side. Kaskaskia at that time was a village of about two hun- dred and fifty houses. The British commander last in charge had instilled in the minds of the people the impression that the Virginians, otherwise the “Long Knives,” were a ferocious band of murderers, plundering houses, slaughtering women and chil- dren, and committing acts of the greatest atrocity. Clarke determined to take advantage of this, and so surprise the in- habitants by fear as to induce them to submit without resistance. Clarke effected an entrance to the fort without difficulty. The other parties at a given signal entered Kaskaskia at the opposite extremities, and with terrible outcries and hideous noises, aroused the terrified inhabitants, who shrieked in their alarm, “ The Long Knives!” “The Long Knives are here!” The panic- stricken townsmen delivered up their arms, and the victory was accomplished without the shedding of a drop of blood. M. Rocheblave, the British commandant, was unconscious of the presence of the enemy, till an officer of the detachment entered his bed-chamber, and claimed him as a prisoner. In accordance with his original plan of conquering the inhabitants by terror, and then afterward winning their regard and gratitude by his clemency, Clarke, the next day, withdrew his forces from the town, and sternly forbade all communication between it and his soldiers. Some of the principal militia officers, citizens of the town, were next put in irons. The terror now reached its height. The priest, and a deputation of five or six elderly men of the village, called on Clarke, and humbly requested permission to assemble in the church, to take leave of each other and com- mend their future lives to the protection of a merciful God, since they expected to be separated, perhaps never to meet again. Clarke gruffly granted the privilege. The whole popula- tion convened at the church, and after remaining together a long time, the priest and a few others again waited upon the com- mander of the American forces, presenting thanks for the privilege they had enjoyed, and desiring to know what fate awaited them. Clarke now determined to lift them from their despair, and win their gratitude by a show of mercy. “ What ! ” said he; “ do you take us for savages ? Do you think Americans will HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 27 strip women and children, and take bread from their mouths? My countrymen disdain to make war on helpless innocents.” He further reminded them that the King of France, their former ruler, was an ally of the Americans, and now fighting their cause. He told them to embrace the side they deemed best, and they should be respected in the enjoyment of their liberty and the rights of property. The revulsion of feeling was complete. The good news spread throughout the village. The church-bell rang a merry peal, and the delighted inhabitants gathered at the chapel, where thanks were offered to God for their happy and unexpected deliverance- The loyalty of the inhabitants was assured, and ever after they remained faithful to the American cause. The French inhabi- tants of Kaskaskia were readily reconciled to a change of gov- ernment. In October, 1778, the Virginia Assembly erected the conquered territory into the County of Illinois. This County embraced all the region north-west of the Ohio, and five large states have since been formed from it. Colonel Clarke was appointed military commander of all the western territory north and south of the Ohio, and Colonel John Todd, one of Clarke’s soldiers, who next to Clarke had been the first man to enter Fort Gage, was appointed lieutenant-commandant of Illinois. In the spring of 1779, Colonel Todd visited Kaskaskia, and made arrangements for the organization of a temporary government. Many of the French inhabitants of Kaskaskia, Prairie du Rocher, and the other settlements, readily took the oath of allegiance to Virginia. Colonel Todd was killed at the famous battle of Blue Licks, in Kentucky, August, 1782, and Timothy de Montbrun, a Frenchman, succeeded him as commandant of Illinois County. Of his administration but little is known. LAND TENURES. The early French settlers held the possession of their land in common. A tract of land was fixed upon for a Common Field, in which all the inhabitants were interested. Besides the Common Field, another tract of land was laid off as the Commons. All the villagers had free access to this as a place of pasturage for their stock. From this they also drew their supply of fuel. Individual grants were likewise made. Under the French system, the lands were granted without any equivalent considera- tion in the way of money, the individuals satisfying the authori- ties that the lands were wanted for actual settlement, or for a purpose likely to benefit the community. The first grant of land, which is preserved, is that made to Charles Danie, May 10th, 1722. The French grants at Kaskaskia extended from river to river, and at other places in the Bottom they commonly extended from the river to the bluff. Grants of land were made for almost all the American Bottom, from the upper limits of the Common Field of St. Phillip’s to the lower line of the Kas- kaskia Common Field, a distance of nearly thirty miles. The British commandants, who assumed the government on the cession of the territory by France, exercised the privilege of making grants, subject to the approval of his Majesty, the King. Colonel Wilkins granted to some merchants of Philadelphia a magnificent domain of thirty thousand acres lying between the village of Kaskaskia and Prairie du Rocher, much of it already covered by French grants previously made. For the better car- rying out their plans, the British officers, and perhaps their grantees, destroyed, to some extent, the records of the ancient French grants at Kaskaskia, by which the regular claim of titles and conveyances was partly broken. This British grant of thirty thousand acres, which had been assigned to John Edgar, was afterward patented by Governor St. Clair to Edgar and John Murray St. Clair, the Governor’s son, to whom Edgar had pre- viously conveyed a moiety by deed. Although much fault was found with the transaction, a confirmation of the grant was secured from the United States government. When Virginia ceded Illinois, it was stipulated that the French and Canadian inhabitants, and other settlers, who had professed allegiance to Virginia, should have their titles con- firmed to them. Congress afterwards authorized the Governor to confirm the possessions and titles of the French to their lands. In accordance with this agreement, Governor St. Clair, in 1790, issued a proclamation directing the inhabitants to exhibit their titles and claims to the lands which they held, in order to be confirmed in their possession. Where the instruments were found to be authentic, orders of survey were issued, the expense of which was borne by the parties who claimed ownership. The French inhabitants were in such poverty at this time that they were really unable to pay the expenses of the surveys, and a memorial signed by P. Gjbault, the priest at Kaskaskia, and eighty-seven others, was presented to Governor St. Clair, praying him to petition Congress for relief in the matter. In 1791, Congress directed that four hundred acres of land should be granted to the head of every family which had made improve- ments in Illinois prior to the year 1788. Before this, in 1788, Congress had also directed that a donation be given to each of the families then living at either of the villages of Kaskaskia, Prairie du Rocher, Cahokia, Fort Chartres, or St. Phillips. These were known as “ bead-right ” claims. At an early date, speculation became active in the land claims of different kinds ; bead-rights, improvement rights, mili- tia rights, and fraudulent claims were produced in great num- bers. The French claims were partly unconfirmed, owing to the poverty of that people, and these were forced on the market with the others. The official report of the commissioners at Kaskaskia, made in 1810, shows that eight hundred and ninety land claims were rejected as being illegal or fraudulent. Three hundred and seventy were reported as being supported by per- jury, and a considerable number were forged. There are fourteen names given of persons, both English and French, who made it a regular business to furnish sworn certificates, professing an intimate knowledge, in every case, of the settlers who had made certain improvements upon which claims were predicated and when and where they were located. A Frenchman, clerk of the parish of Prairie du Rocher, “ without property and fond of liquor,” after having given some two hundred depositions in favor of three land claimant speculators, “ was induced,” in the language of the report, “ either by compensation, fear, or the impossibility of obtaining absolution on any other terms, to de- clare on oath that the said depositions were false, and that in giving them he had a regard for something beyond the truth.” The report of the commissioners raised many doubts in regard to the validity and propriety of a number of confirmations by the Governors, and much dissatisfaction among the claimants ; and in consequence, Congress, in 1812, passed an act for the revision of these land claims in the Kaskaskia district. The 28 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. commissioners under this law were Michael Jones, John Cald- well and Thomas Sloo. Facts damaging to persons who occu- pied positions of high respectability in the community, were disclosed. They reported that the English claim of thirty thou- sand acres confirmed by Governor St. Clair to John Edgar and the Governor’s son, John Murray St. Clair, was founded in neither law nor equity, that the patent was issued after the Governor’s power ceased to exist., and the claim ought not to be confirmed. Congress, however, confirmed it. For a period of several years, emigration was considerably retarded by the delay in adjusting land titles. The act of Con- gress passed in 1813, granting the right of pre-emption to set- tlers, was influential in bringing the public lands into market. Emigrants poured into the country, and improvements were rapidly made. CIVIL ORGANIZATION. The history of Illinois has been traced while a possession of France, and when under the British government ; and the for- mation of Illinois as a County of \ T irginia has been noted. The several States afterwards agreed, on the adoption of "the Articles of the Confederation, to cede their claims to the western land to the General government. Virginia executed her deed of cession March 1st, 1784. For several years after, there was an imper- fect administration of the law in Illinois. The French customs partly held force, and affairs were partly governed by the pro- mulgations of the British commandants issued from Fort Char- tres, and by the regulations which had subsequently been issued by the Virginia authorities. By the ordinance of 1787, all the territory north-west of the Ohio not constituted into one district, the laws to be administered by a governor and secretary, a court was instituted of three judges. A general assembly was provided for, the members to be chosen by the people. General Arthur St. Clair was selected by Congress, as Governor of the north-western territory. The seat of government was at Marietta, Ohio. In the year 1795, Governor St. Clair divided St. Clair County. All south of a line running through the New Design settlement (in the present County of Monroe) was erected into the County of Randolph. In honor of Edmund Randolph of Virginia, the new county received its name. Shadrach Bond, afterward the first Governor, was elected from Illinois, a member of the Territorial Legislature which convened at Cincinnati, in January, 1799. In 1800 the Territory of In- diana was formed, of which Illinois constituted a part, with the seat of government at Vincennes. About 1806, among other places in the West, Aaron Burr visited Kaskaskia in an en- deavor to enlist men for his treasonable scheme against the government. In 1805, George Fisher was elected from Ran- dolph County a member of the Territorial Legislature, and Pierre Menard was chosen member of the Legislative Council. By act of Congress, 1809, the Territory of Illinois was con- stituted. Ninian Edwards was appointed Governor of the newly organized Territory, and the seat of government established at Kaskaskia. Nathaniel Pope, a relative of Edwards, received the appointment of Secretary. For nearly four years after the organization of the Territorial Government no legislature existed in Illinois. All election for representatives was held on the eighth, ninth, and tenth of October, 1812. Shadrach Bond, then a resident of St. Clair County, was elected the first Delegate to Congress from Illinois Pierre Menard was chosen from Randolph County member of the Legislative Council, and George Fisher of the House of Representatives. The Legislature convened at Kaskaskia on the twenty-fifth of November, 1812. In April, 1818, a bill providing for the admission of Illinois into the Union as a sovereign State was passed by Congress. A Convention to frame a Constitution assembled at Kaskaskia in the following Julv. The first election under the Constitution was held in September, 1818, and Shadrach Bond was elected Governor, and Pierre Menard, Lieutenant Governor. Illinois was now declared by Congress admitted to the Union as on equal footing in all respects with the original States. The Legislature again met at Kaskaskia in January, 1819. This was the last session ever held at Kaskaskia. Vandalia, the same year, was selected as Capital of the State. It was stipulated that Vanda- lia was to be the Capital for twenty years. At the end of that period it was changed to Springfield. Below we give list of governors and chief officers of Illinois. Illinois was constituted a separate Territory by act of Con- gress, February 3d, 1809. NAME OF OFFICER. ILLINOIS TERRITORY. OFFICE. DATE OF COMMISSION OR INAUGURATION. Nathaniel Pope, ..Secretary of the Territory,... ...March 7, 1809. Ninian Edwards, ..Governor, ...April 24, 1809. H. II. Maxwell, ..Auditor Public Accounts 1816. Daniel P. Cook, il it it Joseph Phillips, ..Secretary, Robert Blackwell, ..Auditor Public Accounts,.... ...April 5, 1817. Elijah G. Berry .. “ “ “ ...August 29, 1817. John Thomas, ..Treasurer, 1818. Shadrach Bond STATE OF ILLINOIS. ..Governor, ...October 6, 1818. Pierre Menard, ..Lieut-Governor, ... “ 6, 1818. Elias K. Kane ..Secretary of State, Oi OD 0° Elijah O. Berrv, ..Auditor Public Accounts,... 1818. John Thomas, ..Treasurer, 1818. Robert K. McLaughlin, a Edward Coles, ..Governor, Adolphus F. Hubbard,.. ..Lieut. Governor, 1822. Samuel D. Lockwood,... ..Secretary of State, 18,1822. Abner Field, ..Treasurer, David Blackwell, ..Secretary of State Morris Birbeck ti ( t ...October 15, 1824. George Forquer, u a Ninian Edwards, ..Governor, William Kinney ..Lieut-Governor, 1826. James Hall, ..Treasurer, ...Febr’v. 12, 1827- Alexander P. Field, ..Secretary of State, HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 29 John Reynolds, Governor, December 9, 1830. Zadock Casey, Lieut-Governor, “ 9, 1830. John Dement, Treasurer, February 5, 1831. James T. B. Slapp, Auditor Public Accounts August 27, 1831. Joseph Duncan, Governor, December, 1834 Alexander M. Jenkins, ...Lieut-Governor, “• 1834. Levi Davis, Auditor Public Accounts Nov. 10, 1835. Charles Gregory, Treasurer, December 5, 1836. John D. Whiteside, ‘‘ March 4, 1837. Thomas Carlin Governor December, 1838. Stinson II. Anderson Lieut-Governor, “ 1838. Stephen A. Douglas, Secretary of State, Nov. 30, 1840. Lyman Trumbull, “ “ March 1, 1841. Milton Carpenter Treasurer, “ 1841. James Shields, Auditor Public Accounts, “ 1841. Thomas Ford Governor, December 8, 1842. John Moore Lieut-Governor, “ 8, 1842. Thomas Campbell, Secretary of State, March G, 1843. William L. D. Ewing Auditor Public Accounts, “ 6,1843. Thomas H. Campbell, “ P. A- (to fill vacancy), “ 26,1846. Augustus C. French, Governor, December 9, 1846. Joseph B. Wells, Lieut-Governor ‘‘ 9, 1846. Horace S. Cooley, Secretary of State, ‘‘ 23, 1846. John Moore, Treasurer, (to fill vacancy), August 14, 1848. William McMurtry, Lieut-Governor, January, 1849. David L. Gregg, Sec’y. of State (to fill vacancy), April 3, 1850. Joel A. Matteson, Governor, ^January, 1853. Gustavus Koerner, Lieut-Governor, “ 1853. Alexander Starne, Secretary of State, “ 1853. Ninian W. Edwards, Super’t. Public Instruction, March 24, 1854. William II. Bissell, Governor, January 12, 1857. John Wood, Lieut-Governor, ‘‘ 12,1857. Ozias M. Hatch, Secretary of State, ‘‘ 12, 1857. Jesse K. Dubois Auditor Public Accounts, “ 12,1857. James Miller, Treasurer, “ 12,1857. William II. Powell, Super’t. Public Instruction, “ 12, 1857. Newton Bateman, “ “ “ 10, 1859. William Butler, Treasurer (to fill vacancy) September 3, 1859. Richard Yates, Governor, January 14, 1861. “ 14, 1861. “ 14, 1861. “ 14, 1861. “ 14, 1361. “ 14, 1861. “ 12, 1863. ‘‘ 12, 1863. “ 16, 1865. “ 16, 1865. “ 16, 1865. Francis A. Hoffman, Lieut-Governor, Ozias M. Hatch, Secretary of State, Jesse K. Dubois, Auditor Public Accounts,.... William Butler, Treasurer, Newton Bateman, Super’t. Public Instruction,. Alexander Starne, Treasurer, John P. Brooks, Super’t. Public Instruction,. Richard J. Oglesby, Governor, William Bross, Lieut-Governor, Sharon Tyndale, Secretary of State Orlin II. Miner, ...Auditor Public Accounts, ...Dec. 12, 1864. James II. Beveridge,... • 9, 1865. Newton Bateman, ...Super’t. Public Instruction... George W. Smith, ...Treasurer, John M. Palmer, ...Governor, John Dougherty, ...Lieut-Governor, tt 11, 1869. Edward Rummell, ...Secretary of State a 11, 1869. Charles E. Lippincott... ...Auditor Public Accounts, (C 11, 1869. ...Treasurer, tt 11 1869, Newton Bateman, ...Super’t. Public Instruction,.., ...January, 1871. ErastusN. Bates, ...Treasurer, 1870. Richard J. Oglesbv, ...Governor John L. Beveridge, ...Lieut-Governor, it 13, 1873. George H. Harlow ...Secretary of State, tt 13, 1873. Charles E. Lippincott, . ...Auditor Public Accounts, tt 13. 1873. Edward Rutz, ...Treasurer, it 13, 1873. John L. Beveridge ...Governor, tt 23, 1873. John Early, . . Lieut-Governor, it 23, 1873. S. M. Cullom ...Governor, it 8, 1877. Andrew Shuman, ..Lieut-Governor, t( 8, 1877. George H. Harlow, ..Secretarv of State, ti 8, 1877. Edward Rutz, ..Treasurer, ii 8, 1877. T. B. Needles, ..Auditor Public Accounts ft 8, 1877. S. M. Etter ...Super’t. Public Instruction,.. tt 8, 1877, J. P. Slade, tt ti tt 8, 1879. J. C. Smith, ...Treasurer, tt 8, 1879. Believing that it will be interesting to the younger readers of our work, we subjoin the following list of Presidents of the United States : PRESIDENTS UNDER THE CONSTITUTION. TERM OF SERVICE. George Washington Virginia, 1789 to 1797, eight years. John Adams Massachusetts 1797 to 1801, four years. Thomas Jefferson Virginia, 1801 to 1809, eight years. James Madison Virginia 1809 to 1817, eight years. James Monroe Virginia, 1817 to 1825, eight years. John Quincy Adams Massachusetts, ....1825 to 1829, four years. Andrew Jackson Tennessee, 1829 to 1837, eight years. Martin Van Buren New York, 1837 to 1841, four years. William H. Harrison Ohio, 1841, one month. John Tyler Virginia, 1S41 to 1845, four years. James K. Polk Tennessee, 1845 to 1849, four years. Zachary Taylor Louisiana, 1849 to 1850, one year. Millard Fillmore New York, 1850 to 1853, three years. Franklin Pierce New Hampshire, .1853 to 1857, four years. James Buchanan Pennsylvania, 1857 to 1861, four years- Abraham Lincoln, (murdered). .Illinois 1861 to 1865, 4 yrs. 1 mo. Andrew Johnson Tennessee, 1865 to 1869, four years. Ulysses S. Grant Illinois, 1869 to 1877, eight years. Rutherford B. Hayes Ohio, 1S77, present incumbent. 30 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. CHAPTER III. PIONEERS AND EARLY SETTLERS. facts contained in the pages of this chapter have been iently gathered from all attainable sources of informa- 3. Nothing has been omitted which casts light upon past of the county, nor has an earnest endeavor been wanting to make the narrative complete. A record of the brave men and women who first settled in this county, and laid the foundations of the prosperity we enjoy to-day, canuot fail to prove at once interesting and instructive. They, through unremitting toil and hardship, through sacrifice and danger, have made possible the degree of comfort and leisure and culture now enjoyed, and jointly with the settlers of other sections have assisted the progress of science, letters and philosophy in this great valley. The germ of our beneficent system of free schools was planted by their hands and watered by their care. They brought with them the elevating ceremonies of a pure religion, and the great ideas of personal freedom, and the brotherhood of man- kind. They “Travailed in pain with the births of God, And planted a State with prayers ; ’’ and that great State presses closely on to her predestined place, as the first among a glorious sisterhood. We are heirs and also debtors of the past. It is not credita- ble to us that we so easily forget our great obligation to the hardy men and women who more than a half century ago traveled westward into this part of the great Mississippi basin, and changed the wilderness into a fertile land, and made it to “ blossom as the rose.” Most of their number have gone to the narrow house appointed for all the living, and the tomb which received their worn frames received also the host of recollections, anecdotes and reminiscences which was of almost priceless value. A few well nigh worn out with the battle and toil of life linger among a generation for whom they have done much. From them have been gathered directly or indirectly the facts composing this chapter. They deserve well of their country ; and as we reap the grand harvest their hands have sown, we can at least cause them to feel that they are held in high honor, and that their deeds, trials and distresses will be ever held in grateful remembrance. The early settlers brought with them little we call wealth, but they brought what are of more value to him who would subdue a wilderness, frugal habits, stout muscles and brave hearts. Before speaking more specifically of the pioneers and first settlers of Macon county, it is proper to speak briefly of the Indians who roamed over this land at the time the pioneer built his hut. Never did a race inspire more romantic contemplation, or suffer more speedily a disastrous fate. They perished when they came in con- tact with our civilization, almost as the hues of sunset fade when you look at them through the telescope ; or as the odor of the rose vanishes when you attempt to analyze it. Before they could be studied as men or as nations, as families or tribes, they had disap- peared, or at least had fallen below the level of scientific observa- tion. We, therefore, know but little of them. Their origin is a mystery ; their history a myth ; their language mostly unknown and their literature a blank. But their misfortunes, no less than their brotherhood in the race, entitle them to remembrance, and the interests of historical and ethnological science prompt to collect every item of knowledge which remains to illustrate, in any way, their history. It seems clear that they were not the first denizens of the soil but that America was the home of a prior race, and evidence is not wanting that this race was preceded by another. Of the race directly preceding the Indians there remains but a meagre record. A few mounds, some beads, a small variety of earth-made ware, stone hammers, implements for dressing skins, and now and then one of their idols of religious worship, together with a few articles of luxury, dissipation or ornament, are all of their domestic or pub- lic life left us. To describe them were impossible, and to write their history would be to set forth the “ baseless fabric of a vision.” The Indian race which succeeded was numerous less than a cen- tury ago, but we know little of them. They were a hunter race. They practiced scarcely one of the arts of peace. They were sheltered by wigwams ; they had rarely fixed boundaries for their tribes. And so we can remember only a brief day of their history. They were, and are not. They preceded us, but left the country no better for their labors. We can scarcely be grateful. We find their gimlets, arrow-heads, spear-heads, flesh-scrapers, spades and ham- mers, all made of stone, and demanding infinite patience for their manufacture. They delved as patiently as their neighbors, the beavers, yet despised labor and imposed it as a degrading burden on their women. We alternately pity and despise them; admire their sublime stoicism, and sicken at their abominable cruelties. We use the maize which they sometimes cultivated, and stupefy ourselves with the smoke of the tobacco they taught us to consume. Their modes of life were individual rather than social. They were cunning and cruel, cautious and brave. Like the lion, they sprang unawares from ambush upon their victim, and from a lurking place would speed the arrow into the back of an enemy. Yet they could endure torture with stoic indifference, and look a single foe in the face with Spartan determination. The Kickapoo Indians occupied this portion of the country before the advent of the whites, and a remnant of this once powerful and warlike tribe was found here when the first settlements were made. This tribe was at peace with the whites, so that there are no blood- curdling tales of midnight attacks on defenceless settlements to re- count. Nevertheless troubles arose sometimes between the “ intruding pale face ” and the red man, and impartial history records that the whites were the cause of the disagreements. Until 1825-6 from 200 to 500 Indians would, at certain seasons of the year, camp in the vicinity of the trading-house of the Lortons. In 1827 a company of twelve men was formed to drive a band of Indians out of the settlements for threats made against the most turbulent of the Ward family, on account of injuries received from him. The last appear- ance of Indians in Macon county was in 1828 when a band of braves, twelve in number, with their squaws and pappooses came into the settlements. They soon departed, but were overtaken by a company of men commanded by John Ward. Smith Mounce of the Ward party, wrested a gun from an Indian after a struggle, but returned it by order of his captain. The Indians were then ordered to leave, and warned never to return, and the warning was heeded. The Ivickapoos, thus associated with the history of Macon county, after leaving Illinois lived for many years on a beautiful reservation in the eastern part of Kansas. The rapid settlement of that State by the whites compelled them to enter into a new treaty with the gov- ernment, and remove further west. EARLY SETTLEMENT. The history of Macon county is singular in this, that the first settlers came to stay. The list of genuine pioneers is short, com. prising but two or three names. A pioneer is “one w T ho goes before to clear the way.” He is the .skirmisher of the van-guard of civilization, and never goes into per- HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 31 rnanent quarters. He sows the seed, but leaves others to gather the harvest. He is never happy but when upon the frontier. When the tracking columns of those seeking homes appear, he plunges deeper into the western wilderness. Let him not be despised. His mission is to spy out the land and direct the footsteps of the swarm- ing: millions behind him. Europe was a thousand years in passing the pion^r stage of her history ; ours will be finished in three hundred, and soon the bold and careless pioneer will exist only in story and in song. Reynolds, in his History of Illinois, says of the pioneers : “ They were rough in personal appearance, yet kind, social and generous. They were hunters and stock -growers, and confined their agricultural operations chiefly to corn. They were brave, prompt and decided in war, yet liberal and magnanimous to a subdued foe. They were hospitable and generous, and ready to share with newly arrived strangers their last loaf.” The first white men who settled in this county were the brothers Lorton, from St. Joe, Michigan. They were Indian traders, and built a trading house twelve miles north-east of Decatur in 1816. As has been said, the Indians were at that time numerous, and the Lortons carried on a thriving trade until 1825-6, when the Indians ceased to visit this part of the country except in very small com- panies. The Indians engaged in hunting and trapping, and ex- changed at the trading house furs and other articles, for blankets, ammunition, whiskey, &c. When trade ceased to be profitable the Lortons w 7 ent back to Michigan. They have no claim to the honor of being the first settlers in the county, as their venture was purely a business one, and they only intended to make a temporary resi- dence. The first genuine pioneer was the bee-hunter and trapper, AYil- liam Downing. Wild honey was plentiful, and two hundred and sixteen pounds have been obtained from one tree, while fur-bearing animals abounded. Downing came from near Vandalia in the fall of 1820, and built a log cabin on the south side of the Sangamon, near the site of the residence of Capt. D. L. All in, and this was the first building erected for a residence within the limits of the county. When John Ward came in 1824 Downing sold out his improve- ments to him and removed to Bond county, Illinois, where he lived for many years. It is a matter of regret that but little information has come down to us of the professional hunter and trapper who made the first settlement in the county. The first permanent settler of Macon county was Leonard Stevens, Sr. He built a log house in 1821 or ’22 (most probably the latter) on Stevens’ creek, three miles north-west of Decatur. This became the nucleus of what was called the Stevens settlement. It should be stated that the early settlements were made along the water courses, in the edge of the timber, where an abundance of wood and w T ater was handy. In an early day it was not thought the prairies could ever be settled. In many places they were marshy, and so infested with flies and other insects that the settler was compelled to cross them with a team, and could only travel in the night time. Mr. Stevens- was a native o£-Connecticut, and was born in 1764. He was married in Connecticut to Alice Gates, also a native of that State, who was born in 1765, and survived her husband one year. Shortly after his marriage he emigrated to New York, where their children were born. They removed to Randolph county, Illinois, in 1818, distinguished as the year in which Illinois was made a State. From there he removed to Macon county. With him came Thomas Cowan, one of the commissioners appointed to select a site for the county seat. Mr. Stevens had a large family ; seven sons and two daughters. Their names were Buel, Keziah, Leonard, Jr., Augus- tus, Luther, Dorus, Joseph, Harriet and James. Joseph died not long since, and at the time of his death, was the oldest settler of the county. Joseph Stevens was born in New York, in 1808, and was thirteen years of age when he came to this county with his father. In 1830 he was married to Mary Warnick, daughter of William Warnick, the first sheriff of Macon county. He had three children by his first wife, Francis M., Wm. Henry and James M. His second wife was Mrs. Cunningham, nee Sentenay, who was a native of Kentucky By her he had one child, Cyrus. The descendants of Leonard Stevens were numerous, and some of them are now residents of this county. The first settlements were on the north and south sides of the Sangamon river. That on the north was known as the Stevens settlement, that on the south as the Ward settlement. Those comprising the Stevens settlements were from New York, Virginia and Ohio, and were called Yankees by those of the other settlement who were from the Carolinas and Tennessee. The feeling between the two settlements was not very friendly, and fights were not un- common. Many of the Ward settlement had served in the army under General Jackson, and were very proud of the fact. Macon county was organized in 1829. Until 18^8 the two settle- ments included about all the inhabitants who lived within the present limits of the county. In that year a wave of immigration poured into the county, and the settlements began rapidly to extend up and down the river. When Macon county was organized its area was much greater than at present ; for it then included all of what is now De Witt county, except the northern tier of townships, all of Piatt except one township, and about half of Moultrie county. The loss of so much territory occasioned no dissatisfaction, as at that time it was not thought the prairies would ever be cultivated, and the expense of maintaining roads was felt to be a burden. There seems to have been no immigration in 1823, but in 1824 came the Ward families from the vicinity of Vandalia. John Ward, Sr., w 7 as a native of England, born in 1769. In his youth he emigrated to South Carolina, where he married Alary Ward, a native of Ireland, born in 1768. They removed to Tennessee, and then in a few years to Logan county, Kentucky, where Mr. Ward died. The mother remained until October, 1819, at which time the family removed to the youthful State of Illinois, settling eleven miles from Vandalia. On arriving in the county they settled on the south side of the river. The family w r as a large one. The eld- est son, Jerry, was born in South Carolina in 1788. He married in Kentucky, removed from this county first to Missouri and then to Texas, where he resided till his death. John Ward, Jr., was also a native of South Carolina, and was married in Kentucky. He had a family of seventeen children; died in 1831 and w r as buried at Wal- nut Grove. James, also, was born in South Carolina, and was mar- ried in Kentucky. He went to Missouri, then to Texas, where he died. Sarah, Margaret, Polly and Lucy were all born in South Carolina. Sarah became the wife of William Gambrel, in Ken- tucky, and died in Texas. Margaret was married in Kentucky to Elisha Freeman, one of the first commissioners of this county. She died in 1873. Polly married William Freeman, and lives in Missouri. Lucy became the wife of Hiram Reavis, and became a resident of Missouri! William was born in South Carolina in 1802, and came to Illinois in 1819. He was the father of Franklin, Hiram and John Ward. The other children were Thomas, born in 1804, who died in Christian county; Nancy, born in 1806, wdio died in Missouri, and whose children yet live there ; and Lewis B., born in 1809. To the latter are we indebted for the information relating to the family. 32 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. It seems probable that about the time the Wards came, the Spragues became residents here. Indeed, it is thought by some, that the third house in the county was built by Abraham Sprague, just south of the fair ground, and that the fourth house was built by Hubble Sprague on the site of the fair ground. They came from New York. Another early settler was William King, who settled a short distance south of the Spragues. He probably built on Stevens’ creek, in 1826, the first mill in the county. This was afterwards owned by Mr. Renshaw, and was called Rensliaw’s mill. The year 1825 witnessed the arrival of quite a number of good citizens. Among them we mention Benj. R. Austin, a native of Virginia, and a surveyor by profession. He laid out the plat for the original town of Decatur; was for many years justice of the peace. He married Margaret Warnick, by whom he had nine chil- dren. The same year also came Wm. Warnick, a native of North Carolina, born in 1784. He first moved to Tennessee and thence to this county. He bore a conspicuous and honorable part in the early history of this county ; was its first sheriff, holding that office from its organization until 1835; was a captain of rangers during the Black Hawk war, in which he was slightly wounded. It was during his term of office as sheriff that Redmon and Wyatt were whipped, receiving 39 and 21 lashes respectively by order of the court. The sheriff himself laid them on. He died in 1855. Mr. Warnick’s children were John, Margaret, Polly, (who mar- ried Joseph Stevens) James, Lucinda, Clark, Ira, Robert and Sarah. When Abraham Lincoln came with his father to Illinois, he first became a resident of Macon county. His mind was accidentally determined towards the profession of law by the perusal of some law books at the house of “ Uncle Billy Warnick.” It came about in this way : He went to Uncle Billy’s house to see one of the girls, but in going got his feet badly frosted, and was, for a week or ten days, unable to return home. While under the medical treatment of old Mrs. Warnick, he began the study of the stray law-books owned by Uncle Billy. In 1825 also came David Florey, a native of Virginia, born 1803, and settled in what was soon to be known as Macon county. He was first married to Isabella Wright, also born in Virginia. Jerome Florey was the issue of this union. His second wife was Rachael, Rittenhouse, by whom he had three children: J. W., Melissa J. and Franklin. With him came P. D. Williams and Mr. Epper- son. David Florey, the well-known farmer and stock raiser, yet lives in Whitmore township. One account states that Mr. Draper came with him, but this is an error, as Mr. Draper did not arrive until nearly three years later. The same year also came Samuel and Joseph Widick, and possibly also Jacob and George. They were brothers of John Widick. The next year Edmund McDaniel, a young man, came with his family to cast his lot with the feeble settlement. A native of Georgia, he emigrated first to Tennessee, and then to Illinois, settling first near Vandalia. He came to Macon county in 1826. He was married in Kentucky to Margaret Widick, daughter of John Widick and was a member of the first grand jury. He reared a large fam- ily, and was a good citizen. Wm. W. McDaniel, a good farmer in South Wheatland township, and one of the oldest and most respect- ed residents, came to the county in 1825. John Widick was born in Virginia, and settled here in 1826. The maiden name of his wife was Cohorine Traughber ; she died most probably in 1832. Their union was blessed with eleven children. Emanuel Widick settled here the same year. He was born in Tennessee in 1806. He married Sarah A Cox. They both died in 1863 ; Mr. Widick in March, and Mrs. Widick in December of that year. Their children numbered nine. In October, 1826, John McMennamy, a native of Tennessee and a brother-in-law of James Ward, arrived. In 1839 he removed to Texas, where he died. The year 1827 witnessed a greater immigration than any previous one ; and from this time on the tide of immigration was to set in more strongly. Prominent amongst the arrivals was Benjamin Wilson, who was one of the first board of county commissioners, and assisted in the organization of the county. He held the office for many years. His native State was North Carolina, from which he emigrated to Tennessee, where he was married to Jane Warnick, a sister of “LTncle Billy,” the first sheriff of Macon county. From thence he removed to Illinois with his family, which eventually grew to be a large one ; and many of the name are yet in the county. The same year saw the arrival of John Hanks, the friend of Lincoln, and a native of Kentucky, born in 1802. Before leaving Kentucky he married Susan Wilson, whose age was about the same as his own. He settled on Stevens’ creek. Two of their children, William and Lewis, were born in Kentucky. Five more were born after their settlement on Stevens’ creek. This year came also Eldridge H. McDaniel, a young man of twenty years, who, notwithstanding his youth, had for a whole year rejoiced in the possession of a wife. His wife’s maiden name was Mary Pope. They continued to reside here until their death. Mr. M. died in 1859, and his wife in 1871. They reared a large family. Dempsey Pope, a native of North Carolina, settled on Mosquito creek in 1827. On leaving his native State he settled first in Ten- nessee. Before leaving Carolina he was united in marriage to Sarah Edwards. Eleven children were born to them. Mr. Pope died in 1853-4 and Mrs. P. in 1874. James and Jones Edwards came to this county with Mr. Pope. They were natives of the same State, and like Mr. Pope, first emi- grated to Tennessee, where they remained only a few mouths. They reached this section in the fall, and at that time there were but sixteen acres of land entered upon the south side of the river. James worked the first year for John Ward, whom he assisted in driving away a band of Ivickapoos that had made threats against the Wards. He, in the winter of 1830-31, took Nancy L. Hill to wife. She was a native of Virginia, and came to Illinois in 1829. They had ten children born v to them. Jones Edwards, after a resi- dence of twelve or fifteen years in this county, removed to Iowa, where he died. This year also came Thomas Nelms, from Logan county, Ken- tucky, and settled here. He died from the effects of a tree falling upon him in 1830. The old settlers relate: “that after this tree was cut down, and before being split, there was one continuous tingling sound heard, similar to that from the splinters when a tough stick of wood is being split. This continued long after the logs were made into rails and laid up in a fence. The attention of travellers was attracted by the peculiar noise, while they were pass- ing along the road by the side of the fence ” It seems most probable that Michael Myers and Louisa his wife, nee Atteberry, came the same year. Mr. M. was a native of North Carolina, while his wife was born in Kentucky. They raised a family of seven children. The next year, 1828, the settlements were further strengthened by an increased immigration. And first we mention Capt. David L. Allen, a native of Virginia, who, in the fall of this year, settled on what is now north Water street, Decatur. He was an energetic citizen, and in 1831-2 built the second water mill in the county, which he sold to Robert Moffett. Mr. Allen entered a body of land of which north Water street was the western line, and on this about one-fourth of the city of Decatur is located. Mr. A. made the first HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 33 lime ever burnt in this county, and owing to its superior quality, it was greatly in demand, much of it going to Springfield to be used for finishing purposes. He was a prominent and useful man. Samuel Braden was born in Ireland, in 1769, and came to this country shortly after the close of the revolutionary war. After a short stay in Philadelphia he removed to South Carolina, where he married Nancy Young, a native of that state. They moved from thence to Kentucky, thence to Tennessee, and in September, 1828 or ’29, came to Macon county. They had three children, and their descendants are numerous. John Y. Braden, of Hickory Point township, is a native of Tennessee, and came to this county in 1829. Wm. D. Baker, a North Carolinian, a young man of 28, who had married Marilla Martin, in Tennessee, arrived in the autumn of this year, and settled in Long Creek township. He was an upright man, and all men spoke well of him. He was a member of the first grand jury of the county. He had five children, two of whom are ministers. David Davis was born in North Carolina, in 1798. When 17, he moved to Tennessee, and in 1828, he came to this county. When 23 he became paralyzed in his lower limbs, and thereafter walked with difficulty. In 1825, he was married to Mary Martin, a native of Tennessee. He had one child at the period of his arrival, and seven more were born to him. Notwithstanding his bodily affliction, by his energy and business capacity he became wealthy. He was one of the judges of the first election, and his name will be found among the county treasurers. He was noted for public spirit, and provided liberal means for beneficent charities. James Myers became a resident of the county in this year. Born in Kentucky and married to a Kentucky girl, he came at the age of 24, and settled the Henry Davis nursery farm, in Long Creek township. Ephraim Cox probably arrived here this year. His son, George M., was born April 6, 1830, in Macon county, and married Ellen Downs, who was born in Ohio, March 15, 1832. They had a family of ten children born to them. Elder Dolliston Hefton was among the early settlers of the county, but the exact date of his arrival cannot now be fixed. He was a “ forty gallon Baptist ” preacher, and those who once heard his see-saw, sing-song tones while in the pulpit will never forget them. He was the equal in singularity of delivery of the Rev. Mr. Bosang, as pictured by Edward Eggleston. He kept store for a time at Mt. Gillead, and had family household goods and merchan- dize all in one room. His stock consisted of a barrel of pale whis- key, that must have been well watered, for it would freeze up in winter ; some tin-ware and a few dollars’ worth of sugar and coffee. His ideas of business corresponded to his stock, for it is said that on one occasion he refused to sell all of his tinware to a customer, saying that it would break his stock. William Wheeler, Sr., was a native of Virginia, and was mar- ried to Elizabeth Hays, also a Virginian. Mr. Wheeler and fami- ly removed to Illinois, and to Macon county, in 1828. He had nine children, one of whom, William, Jr., was destined to become prominently connected with the civil history of Macon county. A man of great popularity he has been repeatedly elected sheriff, assessor and collector. His daughter Elizabeth became the wife of William Ward, the father of Franklin and Hiram Ward. Robert Smith, Sr., a native of North Carolina, came to Illinois in 1828, and settled first in Sangamon county. The spring was not far advanced of this year, when he removed to Macon county, and settled six miles south-west of the county seat. He came of good fighting stock, his father having been a soldier in the 5 revolutionary war, and he fought under Jackson, at New Orleans. He was twice married; the first time to Eleanor Wilson, who died in 1824, and who bore him all his children, five in number, and the second time to Jane Allen. Mr. Smith died in 1855. In 1828 came two brothers, William C. and Andrew W. Smith, not related to the Smith above mentioned. Andrew was the older of the brothers, and attained prominence in the early annals of the county. He was a member for several years of the old county court, and was a volunteer in the Black Hawk war, serving in the company of rangers that went out from Macon county. Was twice married, and some of his children are now residents of the county. He died in 1875. William C. and his brother were na- tives of Tennessee, but on first coming to Illinois settled in Sanga- mon county. His children are well-known residents of the county. In this year, J. A. Draper, a highly respected citizen of Mount Zion township, living on section 21, was born here. He had lived here all his life. He married Sarah W. Jones, an Ohio girl, who came here in 1839. Until 1829, Jan. 19, the portion of Illinois now composing Ma- con county, formed a part of Shelby Before the meeting of the legislature Benj. R. Austin, Andrew W. Smith, and John Ward had been selected to go to Vandalia, the capital, and procure, if possible, the passage of an act dividing Shelby and creating the county of Macon. These men were successful in their mission, and the act establishing the new county may be found in full in the chapter on the civil history. Jan. 19, 1829, closed one era of the county’s history. The set- tlement had gained strength slowly but surely. The hard trials incident to pioneer life were not yet over, but the worst was passed. With the increase in population came improvement in condition, and henceforth they were not to be without the ministrations of religion, or the blessings of education (rude though it might be) for their children. As the wilderness became subdued it was to grow more healthful. It is no longer possible to speak at length of the immigrants ; they began to pour in more and more rapidly. The year of the county’s formation saw the arrival of a compara- tively large number. Then came the Dickeys, a large and influen- tial family, of southern descent. William DJckey, a native of Kentucky, came the preceding year, but David, Alexander 0., and John, came in 1829. Then, too, came Gen. Isaac C. Pugh, a man distinguished in the history of Macon county ; a member of the second county commissioner’s court and several succeeding ; the twelfth treasurer of the county, and the first master in chancery, and a captain in the Black Hawk War. Ever foremost in his country’s service he served as captain in the Mexican war, and in the war for the Union he was colonel of the 41st Illinois, and was promoted Brigadier General for meritorious services. He was held in high esteem, and was honored by the people with many positions of honor and trust. He was married to Elvira E. Gorin, and by her had eleven children. In 1829 also came Alexander Bell, Josiah Abrams, Alfred Lay- mons, Christopher Miller, and James and David Miller. Then, too, came John Scott, Sr., and Francis D., his son. This year also came James Sanders, who was quite a character among the early settlers, and was renowned throughout the settlements for his pro- digious strength and endurance. He used to relate with jaride that he threw, in a wrestle, Abraham Lincoln, who had thrown the bully of the county. At Uncle Joe Stevens’ wedding feats of strength were indulged in, and “Uncle Jimmy” took a piece of lead in each hand weighing seventy-five pounds, and raised them to a level with his shoulders and then passed them around till they touched in front. He was Mr. Lincoln’s most intimate friend, and they 34 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. were often together at barn and house-raisings, fox-chases and wolf- hunts. He was a native of South Carolina. When he arrived in Illinois he had a wife, five children, four horses and 61 cents. This year also saw the arrival of the Travis family, who came in March from Wayne county, 111. There were three brothers, Allen and Thomas Travis, natives of South Carolina, and Finis, who was born in Kentucky. With them came James D. Campbell and Andrew and John Davidson ; Samuel Davidson did not arrive until the next year. In the year of the county’s creation also came Henry Traughber, a Kentuckian, who, after his arrival here wooed and wed Nancy Smith ; and Parmenas Smallwood and family. Mr. Smallwood was a useful and honored citizen, and reared a large family of children, some of whom are now living in the county. ABRAHAM LINCOLN. On the first of March, 1830, Thomas Lincoln, the father of Abra- ham, sold out bis squatter’s claims in Indiana, and in company with his family, the sons-in-law and two daughters of his wife, start- ed for central Illinois. Abraham had just completed his twenty- first year. The journey was long and tedious, as through the thick mud, only found in the rich soil of the west, their ox-teams dragged the wagons loaded with the personal effects of the emigrants. One of these teams was driven by young Lincoln. After a journey of two hundred miles, which they made in fifteen days, they reached Macon county, and the elder Lincoln selected a spot for his house on the north side of the Sangamon river in section 28, Town 1 6 N., Range 1 E., in what is now Harristown township. Here at the junction of the timber land and prairie, Abraham assisted his father in erecting a log cabin and in getting the family comfortably settled. The cabin was made of hewed timber, and near it was built a smoke-house and stable. A common ax, a broad ax, a hand saw and a “ drawer knife ” were all the tools they had to work with. The doors and floor consisted of puncheons, and the gable ends of the building were boarded up with plank “rived” by Abraham’s hand out of oak timber. The few nails that were used were brought from their old home in Indiana. The cabin stood where it bad been erected until 1876, when it was carefully taken apart and shipped to Philadelphia, where it was again put together on the centennial grounds, and remained there during the great exposition, being viewed with interest by thousands of liberty-loving people of the world. When the cabin and out buildings were completed, Abra- ham helped to split rails enough to fence in a lot of ten acres, and built the fence. This done, he broke the ground with ox-teams, and assisted in planting it with corn, after which he turned over the new home to his father, and expressed his intention to make his own fortune. However, he did not leave the region immediately, but worked among the farmers, picking up enough to clothe himself. It is stated that he broke up fifty acres of prairie with four yoke of oxen, and that he spent most of the winter following in splitting rails and chopping wood. No one seems to remember for whom Mr. Lincoln worked during this first summer. “A little incident in the pastoral labors of Rev. A. Hale, of Springfield, Illinois, will perhaps indicate his employer. In May, 1861, he went out about seven miles from home to visit a sick lady, and found there a Mrs. Brown who had come in as a neigh- bor. Mr. Lincoln’s name having been mentioned, Mrs. Brown said: ‘ Well, I remember Mr. Liuken. He worked with my old man thirty-four years ago and made a crap. We lived on the same farm where we live now, and he worked all the season, and made a crap of corn, and-the next winter they hauled the crap all the way to Galena, and sold it for two dollars and a-half a bushel. At that time there was no public houses, and travellers were obliged to stay at any house along the road that could take them in. One evening a right smart-looking man rode up to the fence and asked my old man if he could get to stay over night. ‘ Well,’ said Mr. Brown, ‘ we can feed your critter, and give you something to eat, but we can’t lodge you unless you can sleep on the same bed with the hired man.’ The man hesitated and asked, ‘ Where is lie?’ ‘ Well,’ said Mr. Brown, ‘ you can come and see him.’ So the man got down from his critter, and Mr. Brown took him around to where, in the shade of the house, Mr. Lincoln lay at full length on the ground, with an open book before him. ‘ There,’ said Mr. Brown, pointing at him, ‘ he is.’ The stranger looked at him a minute, and said, ‘ Well, I think he’ll do,’ and he staid and slept with the future President of the United States.” Mr. Lincoln’s father only remained here about one year, on ac- count of sickness in his family, when he moved to Coles county > where he lived to see his son one of the leading men in Illinois, and to receive from him many testimonials of filial affection, and to complete his seventy-third year. He died January 17, 1851. The census of 1830 showed that the county contained 1122 souls. The emigration continued, but it was not large, while many who had come to settle permanently, disgusted with hardships and chills, which were very common and severe, moved back to the older States, from whence they came, to spread unfavorable reports of the country. In this year came James M. Baker. Robert Law, who served in Capt. Warnick’s company of rangers in the Black Hawk war, came the same year, and with him his brothers, James and John, and his sister Rose Ann ; Andrew Hamilton and family, Samuel Rea, who has been honored by his fellow- citizens with positions of responsibil- ity, and who was the soul of integrity ; and William Muirhead, who came from Virginia with his family, and settled four miles west of Decatur. William F. Muirhead, who now lives on section thirty- three in Blue Mound township, a successful farmer and stock raiser, and a native of Virginia also, came this year. He afterwards mar- ried Margaret J. Hill, who was born in this county. Samuel HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 35 Hornback and family arrived in September, 1830. Jeremiah Free- man, a public-spirited citizen of Harristown township, was born in this year. The memorable “ deep snow,” from which the old settler dates events, occurred in the winter of 1830-31. It was an extraordinary event. Nothing like it has been seen since, and if Indian tradition may be trusted, nothing had been seen like it for more than half a century prior to the advent of the whites in this section. The snow began to fall early in the winter, and continued at intervals through- out the season. The snow falls would be followed by sleets, thus forming crusts of ice between the layers. For weeks at a time the sun hid his face, and the cold was intense, and the suffering among the settlers was great. The snow, compact as it was, reached a depth of three feet on the level, and a much greater depth where it had drifted. Vehicles passed over the tops of staked and ridered fences. So far as known no one starved or was frozen, but great hardships were endured, and in many instances only the greatest exertions kept starvation from the door. Much of the game was almost destroyed, and deer, prairie chickens and quails were scarce for years afterward. Mr. Lincoln lived in Macon county during that terrible winter. Another memorable winter in the early annals of the county was that of 1836, when the “sudden freeze ” occurred. The suffering from cold was most intense, and attended with loss of life to man and beast. The sudden freeze occurred in January, and it was scarcely fifteen minutes from the time the cold wave struck, “ before the water and melting snow were hard enough to bear up a horse.”* The slush froze about the feet of the cattle, and it was necessary to cut them out. Geese and ducks were imprisoned in the same way. In 1831 came Robert Johnson, a farmer and stock-grower, now living in Hickory Point township, a native of Kentucky, who served in the war with Black Hawk ; Jesse Austin and Dr. B. W. Gorin, who in two years removed to Missouri ; Rebecca Robinson, who became the wife of John Drake; James Howell and family. Mr. Howell had four brothers, William, Daniel, Joseph and Isaac, who came about the same time. Sarah Myers became a resident this year. So, too, did William Turpin, a native of Kentucky, who, with his younger brother, Mattison, made a settlement on Big Creek. James Querry, of Friends Creek township, a native of the Old Dominion, came also in 1831. In 1832 came S. C. Allen, Henry M. Gorin, and Rev. Joseph Hostettler, the latter a native of Ken- tucky, who began preaching in 1815. He came hither from Orange county, Indiana. Further information regarding him may be found in the sketch of the Christian Church. In this year also came Joshua Perdue, who married Margaret Ward, and Willis Stallings, whose wife was Jane Law. He was a Tennesseean by birth, and reared a family of three children. Thomas H. Read, who died in Decatur in 1874, arrived this year. The next year added J. R. Gorin, w 7 hose record will be found in the chapter on the “ Bench and Bar,” and William Cantrell, who has been called to positions of trust by his fellow-citizens ; John Rucker, a very industrious man, who is worthy of mention as having held the office of county commissioner for fourteen years, longer than any other man. And David Barnwell, a native of South Carolina, who with his family settled first in Long Creek township. Mr. O. L. Stuart, the well-known farmer of Whitmore township, was born in Decatur this year. W. T. Howell, a native of Sanga- mon county, and a farmer and stock raiser in Oakley township, came in 1834. James Miller, now living on section thirteen, a most excellent farmer, settled here in 1833. * Smith’s History. The same year, 1834, saw the arrival of M. M. Burke, Charles Emmerson, (of whom a complete biography will be found in the Bench and Bar) Rev. William S. Crissey, the veteran Methodist minister now residing in Decatur, James Ilarrel, John Lowry and John G. Jimison, the latter a Scotchman, now a resident of Friends Creek township. David Stnick came from Kentucky with his family the same year. The same year saw the immigration of Sam- uel McKinley. The next year arrived the following : Richard H. Brett and family, consisting of wife and fourteen children, Jacob Hostettler and wife, William F. Montgomery, Joseph and Barbara, Spangler, from Pennsylvania, whose children are yet residents of Macon county, D. K. Wilson, II. W. Davis, now living in Long Creek township, was born in Macon county in this year. Edmiston McClellan, the present efficient circuit clerk, came here from Penn- sylvania, the State of his nativity, this 'year. He has often been called by the citizens of the county to serve them in various capaci- ties. Another accession to the population, was James Geddis now living in Decatur township. Mr. G. is a native of Lebanon county, Pennsylvania. The next year came Kirby Benedict, (see Bench and Bar) R. J. Oglesby, ( ibid .) and Ninian Peddecord, a native of Maryland, who, on his arrival in ’36, engaged as a clerk for Adamson and Prather, and afterward formed a co-partnership with Joseph Stickel. In 1836 the Prathers arrived. Z. R. Prather, a resideut of Long Creek township, was bom here in that year. William Prather, the sixth county judge, and fourth circuit clerk, and a native of Mary- land, throughout life was in feeble health. He died in 1870. Ac- cording to some authorities, Henry Prather did not arrive here from Macoupin county, where he settled first, until 1837. He was a man of ability and great public spirit. In 1852 he was chosen to repre- sent his district in the legislature. His memory is yet treasured by all who knew him. In 1836 Ulysses Huston, a good farmer of Hickory Point township, came to find a home. In 1837 Rev. M. Baker, of Decatur township, was born in this county, and Willis Johnson, a well-known farmer of the same town- ship, came here from Madison county, Kentucky. Daniel Traugh- ber became a resident this year, and Samuel Powers, a native of New York, arrived. David J. Freeland, the farmer and stock- grower, is a native of North Carolina, and came to Macon county this year. Col. E. D. Carter was born in Logan county, Kentucky. He came to Illinois in 1833 and to Decatur in 1838. He married Christina Smick, also a native of Kentucky. This year also came Jasper J. Peddecord, who was born in Maryland in 1818. He has been in the business of banking since 1852, when he formed a co- partnership with Lowber Bux-rows, and has engaged largely in man- ufacturing. In 1839 came George Powers, a native of New York. He was soon thereafter admitted to the bar. In 1844 he was elected to the State Senate. He held other l’esponsible offices. He died in 1849. Another arrival was George W. Falconer, a Marylander, who came in this year from Fredei'ick county of his native State. He died in 1856. John Falconer, a boy of nine years of age, came with him. Capt. Joel S. Post arrived this year. A sketch of his life will be found in the chapter on Bench and Bar. Dr. Joseph King came here in 1839. Drs. Read and Spear were the only physicians who had pi’eceded him* He was thoroughly educated for his profession at Cincinnati, and gained an extensive practice, sometimes being called twenty-five or thirty miles to see a patient. James Rea and family came to Macon county in this year. In 1854 he removed to California. We have reserved for this place a list of names of the persons who 36 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. were married the first and second years after the county was organ- ized, giving date of license and time of marriage : NAMES. DATE OF LICENSE. John Whitmore to Delila Miller. Henry Traughber ) to >- Nancy Smith. ) Geo. Coppenbarger \ to Nancy Henderson. ) Jacob Caulk to Mary Walker. Joseph Stephens ) t0 t . [ Mary D. Warnick. ) John Howell A to Elizabeth Jones. J Stewart Henderson " to Nancy Yinson. William Ward 4 to Elizabeth AYheeler. _) James Edwards 4 to f- Nancy Hill. ) Lewis B. Ward 4 to [■ Elizabeth Walker. J June 18th, 1829. November 17tli, 1829. November 10th, 1829. January 7th, 1830. June 17 th, 1830. July 14th, 1830. July 20th, 1830. December 7th, 1830. December 16th, 1830. December 23d, 1830. TIME OF MARRIAGE. June 20th, 1829. November 17th, 1829. November 12th, 1829. January 7th, 1830. June 17tli, 1830. July 14th, 1830. July 22d, 1830. December 9th, 1830. December 16tli, 1830. December 23d, 1830. To notice the arrivals after 1840 is not possible, and would be useless, perhaps, if it were possible. Much additional information will be found in other chapters, and in the biographical department. Enough to say that the population increased but slowly until the advent of railroads afforded a market for products, and then immi- gration came in like a flood. The prairies that the old settlers thought could never be brought into cultivation were soon converted into valuable farms. The health of the county has improved as the wilderness has been subdued, and now compares favorably with that of any part of the State, while upon a richer, fairer portion of coun- try than that embraced by the ample boundaries of Macon county, the sun does not look down in his course. CHAPTER IV. CUSTOMS OF EARLY DAYS. HABITS AND MODES OF LIVING OF THE PIONEERS AND FIRST SETTLERS. T is a trite but true proverb that “ Times change, and we change with them and it is well illustrated by the changes in dress, condition and life, that have taken place in this county in less than half a century. We doubt not that these changes, as a whole, are for the better. To the old man, indeed, whose life-work is accomplished, and whose thoughts dwell mainly on the past, where his treasures are, there are no days like the old days, and no song awakens so responsive an echo in his heart as “ Auld Lang Syne.” The very skies that arch above his gray head seem less blue to his dimmed eye than they did when, in the adoration of his young heart, he directed to them his gaze ; the woods appear less green and inviting than when in the gayety of boyhood he court- ed their cool deaths ; and the songs of their feathered inhabi- tants fall less melodiously upon his ear. He marks the changes that are everywhere visible, and feels like crying out in the language of the poet : “ Backward, turn backward, oh, Time, in thy flight!” It is natural for the aged to sigh for a return of the past, nor would we attempt the hopeless task of convincing them that with the changes of the years there have come also an increase in happiness, an improvement in social life, a progress in education, an advancement in morality, and a tendency upward in all that relates to the welfare of mankind. We may learn useful lessons, however, from a study of that land over which the pardonable and fond imagination of the old settler has thrown the “ light that never was on sea or land,” if, withdrawing ourselves from the dizzy activities of the present days, we let the old settler take us by the hand and lead us back into the regions of his youth, that we may observe the life of those who founded a grand empire in a great wilderness. Let us leave the prow of the rushing ship, from which may be dis- cerned a mighty future rich in promises and bright with hope, and take our place upon the stern and gaze backward, into the beautiful land of the past. No doubt we shall be led to regret the absence among us of some of the virtues of dwellers in those early days. Gone is that free-hearted hospitality which made of every settler’s cabin an inn where the belated and weary traveler found entertainment without money and without price. Gone is that community of sentiment which made neighbors indeed neighbors ; that era of kindly feeling which was marked by the almost entire absence of litigation. Gone, too, some say, is that simple, strong, upright, honest integrity which was so marked a characteristic of the pioneer. So rapid has been the improvement in machinery, and the progress in the arts and their application to the needs of man, that a study of the manner in which people lived and worked only fifty years ago seems like the study of a remote age. It is important to remember that while a majority of settlers were poor, that poverty carried with it no crushing sense of de- gradation like that felt by the very poor of our age. They lived in a cabin, it is true, but it was their own, and had been reared by their hands. Their house, too, while inconvenient and far from water-proof, was built in the prevailing style of architec- ture, and would compare favorably with the homes of their neighbors. They were destitute of many of the conveniences of life, and of some things that are now considered necessaries ; but they patiently endured their lot and hopefully looked forward to better. They had plenty to wear as protection against the weather, and an abundance of wholesome food. They sat down to a rude table to eat from tin or pewter dishes ; but the meat thereon spread — the flesh of the deer or bear ; of the wild duck or turkey ; of the quail or squirrel — was superior to that we eat, and had been won by the skill of the head of the house or that of his vigorous sons. The bread they ate was made from corn or wheat of their own raising. They walked the green carpet of the grand prairie or forest that surrounded them, not with the air of a beggar, but with the elastic step of a self- respected free- man.* *The whole country, now dotted with smiling farms and happy villages traversed by railroads and telegraph wires, was a wilderness, consisting chiefly of prairie, which stretched away in billowy vastness like a congealed ocean. Along the water-courses was a fringe of timber, and occasionally was to be seen a grove. The immigrants came ; some in carts, the children packed like sardines in a box ; some in wagons, and some on horseback with pack-horses. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 37 The settler brought with him the keen axe, which was indis- pensable, and the equally necessary rifle ; the first his weapon of offence agaiust the forests that skirted the water-courses, and near which he made his home; the second that of defence from the attacks of his foe, the cunning child of the forest and prairie. His first labor was to fell trees and erect bis unpretentious cabin, which was rudely made of logs, and in the raising of which he had the cheerful aid of his neighbors. It was usually from four- teen to sixteen feet square, and never larger than twenty feet, and was frequently built entirely without glass, nails, hinges or locks. The manner of building was as follows : First large logs were laid in position as sills ; on these were placed strong sleepers, and on the sleepers were laid the rough-hewed puncheons, which were to serve as floors. The logs were then built up till the proper height for the caves was reached ; then on the ends of the building were placed poles, longer than the other end-logs, which projected some eighteen or more inches over the sides, and were called “ butting- pole sleepers on the projecting ends of these was placed the “ butting-pole.” which served to give the line to the first row of clap-boards. These were, as a matter of course, split, and as the gables of the cabin were built up, were so laid on as to lap a third of their length. They were often kept in place by the weight of a heavy pole, which was laid across the roof parallel to the ridge pole. The house was then chinked, and daubed with a coarse mortar. A huge fire-place was built in at one end of the house, in which fire was kindled for cooking purposes, for the settlers generally were without stoves, and which furnished the needed warmth in winter. The ceiling above was sometimes covered with the pelts of the raccoon, opossum, and of the wolf, to add to the warmth of the dwelling. Sometimes the soft inner bark of the bass wood was used for the same purpose The cabin was lighted by means of greased paper-windows. A log would be left out along one side, and sheets of strong paper, well greased with coon-grease or bear-oil, would be carefully tacked in. The above description only applies to the very earliest times, before the rattle of the saw-mill was heard within our borders. The furniture comported admirably with the house itself, and hence, if not elegant, was in most perfect taste. The tables had four legs, and were rudely made from a puncheon. Their seats were stools having three or four legs. The bedstead was in keeping with the rest, and was often so contrived as to permit it to be drawn up and fastened to the wall during the day, thus affording more room to the family. The entire furniture was simple, and was framed with no other tools than an axe and auger. Each was his own carpenter ; and some displayed con- siderable ingenuity in the construction of implements of agricul- ture, and utensils, and furniture for the kitchen and house. Knives and forks they sometimes had, and sometimes had not. The common table-knife was the pack-knife or butcher-knife.* Horse-collars were sometimes made of the plaited husk of the maize sewed together. They were easy on the neck of the horse, and if tug-traces were used, would last a long while. Horses were not used very much, however, and oxen were almost exclu- sively used. In some instances carts and wagons were construct- ed or repaired by the self-reliant settler ; and the woful creakings of the untarred axles could be heard at a great distance. The women corresponded well with the description of the * Wooden vessels, either dug out or coppered, and called “ noggens,” were in common use for bowls, out of which each member of the family ate mush and milk for supper. A gourd formed the drinking cup. virtuous woman in the last chapter of Proverbs, for they “ sought wool and flax, and worked willingly with their hands.” They did not, it is true, make for themselves “ coverings of tapestry,” nor could it be said of them that their “ clothing was silk and purple ; ” but they “rose while it was yet night, and gave meat to their household,” and they “girded their loins with strength and strengthened their arms.” They “ looked well to the ways of their household, and ate not the bread of idleness.” They laid “ their hands to the spindle and to the distaff,” and “strength and honor were in their clothing.” In these days of furbelows and flounces, when from twenty to thirty yards arc required by one fair damsel for a dress, it is re- freshing to know that the ladies of that ancient time considered eight yards an extravagant amount to put into one dress. The dress was usually made plain with four widths in the skirt, and two front ones cut gored. The waist was made very short, and across the shoulders behind was a draw-string. The sleeves were enormously large, and tapered from shoulder to wrist, and the most fashionable — for fashion, like love, rules alike the “court and grove ” — were padded so as to resemble a bolster at the upper part, and were known as “ mutton-legs,” or “sheep-shank sleeves.” The sleeve was kept in shape often by a heavily starched lining. Those who could afford it used feathers, which gave the sleeve the appearance of an inflated balloon from elbow up, and were known as “ pillow-sleeves.” Many bows and ribbons were worn, but scarcely any jewelry. The tow dress was superseded by the cotton gown. Around the neck, instead of a lace collar or elegant ribbon, there was dis- posed a copperas-colored neckkerchief. In going to church or other public gathering in summer weather, they sometimes walked barefooted till near their desti- nation, when they would put on their shoes or moccasins. They were contented and even happy without any of the elegant arti- cles of apparel now used by the ladies and considered necessary articles of dress. Ruffles, fine laces, silk hats, kid gloves, false curls, rings, combs and jewels, were nearly unknown, nor did the lack of them vex their souls. Many of them were grown before they ever saw the interior of a well-supplied dry-goods store. They were reared in simplicity, lived in simplicity, and were happy in simplicity. It may be interesting to speak more specifically regarding cookery and diet. Wild meat was plentiful. The settlers gen- erally brought some food with them to last till a croj) could be raised. Small patches of Indian corn were raised, which, in the earliest days of the settlements, was beaten in a mortar. The meal was made into a coarse but wholesome bread, on which the teeth could not be very tightly shut on account of the grit it contained. Johnny-cake and pones were served up at dinner, while mush and milk was the favorite dish for supper. In the fire-place hung the crane, and the dutch-oven was used in baking. The streams abounded in fish, which formed a healthful article of food. Many kinds of greens, such as dock and polk, were eaten. The “ truck-patch ” furnished roasting ears, pumpkins, beans, squashes and potatoes, and these were used by all. For reaping-bees, log-rollings, and house-raisings, the standard dish was pot-pie. Coffee and tea were used sparingly, as they were very dear, and the hardy pioneer thought them a drink fit only for women and children. They said it would not “ stick to the ribs.” Maple-sugar was much used, and honey was only five cents a pound. Butter was the same price, while eggs were three cents. The utmost good feeling prevailed. If one killed hogs all shared. Chickens were to be seen in great numbers around 38 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. every doorway ; and the gabble of the turkey and quack of the duck were heard in the land. Nature contributed of her fruits. Wild grapes and plums were to be found in their season, along the streams. The women manufactured nearly all the clothing worn by the family. In cool weather gowns made of “ linsey-woolsey ” were worn by the ladies. The chain was of cotton and the filling of wool. The fabric was usually plaid or striped, and the differing colors were blended according to the taste and fancy of the fair maker. Colors were blue, copperas, turkey-red, light blue, etc- Every house contained a card-loom and spinning- wheels, which were considered by the women as necessary for them as the rifle for the men. Several different kinds of cloth were made. Cloth was woven from cotton. The rolls were bought and spun, on little and big wheels, into two kinds of thread ; one the “ chain,” and the other the “ filling.” The more experienced only spun the chain ; the younger the filling. Two kinds of looms were in use. The most primitive in construction was called the “ side-loom.” The frame of it consisted of tw T o pieces of scantling running obliquely from the floor to the wall. Later, the frame-loom, which was a great improvement over the other, came into use. The men and boys wore “jeans” and linsey-woolsey hunting shirts. The “jeans” were colored either light-blue or butternut. Many times when the men gathered to a log-rolling or barn- raising, the women would assemble bringing their spinning- wheels with them. In this way sometimes as many as ten or twelve would gather in one room, and the pleasant voices of the fair spinners were mingled with the low hum of the spinning- wheels. “ Oh ! golden early days! ” Such articles of apparel as could not be manufactured w r ere brought to them from the nearest store by the mail-carrier. These were few, however. The men and boys, in many instances, wore pantaloons made of the dressed skill of the deer, which then swarmed the prairies in large herds. The young man who de- sired to look captivating to the eye of the maiden whom he loved, had his “ bucks ” fringed, which lent them a not unpleasing effect. Meal-sacks were also made of buckskin. Caps were made of the skins of the wolf, fox, wild-cat and musk-rat, tanned with the fur on. The tail of the fox or wolf often hung from the top of the cap, lending the wearer a jaunty air. Both sexes wore moccasins, which in dry weather were an excellent substitute for shoes. There were no shoemakers, and each fam- ily made its own shoes. The settlers were separated from their neighbors often by miles. There were no church-houses or regular services of any kind to call them together ; hence, no doubt, the cheerfulness with which they accepted invitations to a house-raising, or a log-rolling, or a corn-husking, or a bee of any kind. To attend these gatherings they would go ten and sometimes more miles. Generally with the invitation to the men went one to the women, to come to a quilting. The good woman of the house where the festivities were to take place would be busily engaged for a day or more in preparation for the coming guests. Great quantities of provisions were to be prepared, for dyspepsia was unknown to the pioneer, and good appetites were the rule and not the exception. “ The bread used at these frolics was baked generally on Jonny or Journey cake-boards, and is the best corn-bread ever made. A board is made smooth, about two feet long, and eight inches wide — the ends are generally rounded. The'dough is spread out on this board, and placed leaning before the fire. One side is baked, and then the dough is changed on the board, so the other side is presented, in its turn, to the fire. This is Jb)my-cake, and is good, if the proper materials are put in the dough, and it is properly baked.” — Reynolds’ History. At all the log-rollings and house-raisings it was customary to provide liquor. Excesses were not indulged in, however. The fiddler was never forgotten. After the day’s work had been ac- • complished, out doors and in, by men and women, the floor was cleared and the merry dance began. The handsome, stalwart young men, whose fine forms were the result of their manly out- door life, clad in fringed buckskin breeches and gaudily colored hunting-shirts, led forth the bright-eyed, buxom damsels, attired in neatly-fitting linsey-woolsey garments, to the dance, their cheeks glowing with health and eyes speaking of enjoyment, and perhaps of a tenderer emotion. The following description of a “ Shucking ” of the olden time is taken from — Reynolds' Pioneer History of Illinois: “ lu pure pioneer times the crops of corn were never husked on the stalk, as is done at this day ; but were hauled home in the husk and thrown in a heap, generally by the side of the crib, so that the ears, when husked, could be thrown direct into the crib. The whole neighborhood, male and female, were invited to the shucking, as it was called. The girls, and many of the married ladies, generally engaged in this amusing work. “ In the first place tw T o leading expert buskers were chosen as captains, and the heap of corn divided as nearly equal as possi- ble. Rails were laid across the pile so as to designate the divi- sion ; and then each captain chose, alternately, his corps of buskers, male and female. The whole number of working hands present were selected, on one side or the other, and then each party commenced a contest to beat the other, which was in many cases truly exciting. One other rule was, that whenever a male husked a red ear of corn, he was entitled to a kiss from the girls. This frequently excited much fuss and scuffling, which was in- tended by both parties to end in a kiss. It was a universal practice that tafia or Monongahela whisky was used at these husking frolics, which they drank out of a bottle, each one male and female, taking the bottle and drinking out of it, and then handing it to his next neighbor, without using any glass or cup whatever. This custom was common and not considered rude. Almost always these corn-shucks ended in a dance. To prepare for this amusement fiddles and fiddlers were in great demand ; and it often required much fast riding to obtain them. One vio- lin and a performer were all that was contemplated at these innocent rural games. “ Towards dark, and the supper half-over, then it was that a . bustle and confusion commenced. The confusion of the tongues at Babel would have been ashamed at the corn-shuckiugs. The young ones hurrying off the table, and the old ones contend- ing for time and order. It was the case, in nine times out of ten, £3 that but one dwelling-house was on the premises, and that used for eating as well as dancing. “ But when the fiddler commenced tuning his instrument the music always gained the victory for the young side. Then the dishes, victuals, table and all, disappeared in a few minutes, and the room was cleared, the dogs drove out, and the floor swept off ready for action. The floors of these houses were sometimes the natural earth, beat solid, sometimes the earth, with puncheons in the middle over the potato-hole, and at times the whole floor was made of puncheons. “ The music at these country dances made the young folks al- most frantic, and sometimes much excitement was displayed to HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 39 get on the floor first. Generally the fiddler on these occasions assumed an important bearing, and ordered, in true professional style, so and so to be done ; as that was the way in North Caro- lina, where he was raised. The decision ended the contest for the floor. In those days they danced jigs and four-handed reels, as they were called. Sometimes three-handed reels were also danced. “ In these dances there was no standing still ; all were moving at a rapid pace from beginning to end. In the jigs the by-stand- ers cut one another out, as it was called, so that this dance would last for hours. Sometimes the parties in a jig tried to tire one another down in the dance, and then it would also last a long time before one or the other gave up. “ The cotillion or stand-still dances were not then known. “ The bottle went round at these parties as it did at the shuck* ings, and male and female took a dram out of it as it passed around. No sitting was indulged in, and the folks either stood or danced all night, as generally day-light ended the frolic. The dress of these hardy pioneers was generally plain homespun. The hunting-shirt was much worn at that time, which is a con- venient working or dancing dress. Sometimes dressed deer-skin pantaloons were used on these occasions, and mawkawsins — rarely shoes — and at times bare feet were indulged in. “ In the morning all go home on horse-back or on foot. No carriages, wagons or other vehicles were used on these occasions, for the best reasons — because they had none.” Dancing was the favorite amusement, aud was participated in by all. “ Alike all ages; dames of ancient days ; Have led their children through the mirthful maze, And the gray grandsire, skilled ingestic lore, Has frisked beneath the burden of three-score.” The amusements of that day were more athletic and rude than those of to-day. Among the settlers in a new country, from the nature of the case, a higher value is set upon physical than men- tal endowments. Skill in woodcraft, superiority of muscular development, accuracy in shooting with the rifle, activity, swift- ness of foot, were qualifications that brought their possessors fame. Foot-racing was often practised, and often the boys and young men engaged in friendly contests with the Indians. Every man had a rifle, and kept always in good order ; his flints, bullet-molds, screw driver, awl, butcher-knife and tomahawk were fastened to the shot-pouch strap or to the belt around the waist. Target-shoot- ing was much practised, and shots were made by the hunters and settlers, with flint-lock rifles, that cannot be excelled, by their de- scendants with the improved breech-loaders of the present day. At all gatherings jumping and wrestling were indulged in, and those who excelled were thenceforth men of notoriety. Cards, dice, and other gambling implements were unknown. Dancing was a favorite amusement. It was participated in by all. At their shooting-matches, which were usually for the prize of a turkey, or a gallon of whisky, good feeling generally prevailed. If disputes arose, they were settled often by a square stand-up fight, and no one thought of using other weapons than fists. They held no grudges after their fights, for this was considered un- manly. It was the rule that, if the fight occurred between two persons, the victor should pour water for the defeated as he washed away the traces of the fray, after which the latter was to perform the same service for the former. To illustrate the ready ingenuity of the early settlers, devel- oped by their poverty, and remoteness from places where neces- saries could be purchased, we borrow an anecdote, from “ Ford’s History of Illinois,” related of James Lemon, a well-known pioneer of Monroe county, and an old-style Baptist preacher. A farmer by occupation, “ He manufactured harness as they were required. Being one day employed in plowing a piece of stubble ground, on turning out for dinner, as was his wont, he left the harness on the beam of the plow. His son, not differing from the proverbial minister’s boy, perhaps, who had assisted him by removing the clogging straw from the plow with a pitch-fork, remained behind long enough to conceal one of the collars, that he might have a playing spell while his father was occupied in making another. But his plot failed ; on returning after dinner and missing the collar, his father reflecting a few minutes prompt- ly divested himself qf his leather breeches, stuffed the legs with stubble, straddled them across the neck of the horse for a collar, and plowed the remainder of the day bare-legged, requiring the assistance of his truantly inclined boy all the time.” At this day to provide for such a mishap, half a day would have been spent in going to town after another collar, and the boy would probably have gained his point. Pioneer Mills . — Among the first were the “ band mills.” A description of one will not prove uninteresting. The plan was cheap. The horse power consisted of a large upright shaft, some ten or twelve feet in height, with some eight or ten long arms let into the main shaft aud extending out from it fifteen feet. Auger holes were bored into the arms on the upper side at the end, into which wooden pins were driven. This was called the “ big wheel,’ ’ and was as has been seen, about twenty feet in diameter. The raw hide belt or tug was made of skins taken off of beef cattle, which were cut into strips three inches in width ; these were twisted into a round cord or tug, which was long enough to encircle the circumference of the big wheel. There it was held in place by the wooden pins, then to cross and pass under a shed to run around a drum, or what is called a “ trunnel head,” which was attached to the grinding apparatus. The horses or oxen were hitched to the arms by means of raw hide tugs. Then walking in a circle the machinery would be set in motion. To grind twelve bushels of corn was considered a good day’s work on a band mill. The most rude aud primitive method of manufacturing meal was by the use of the Grater. A plate of tin is pierced with many holes, so that one side is very rough. The tin is made oval, and then nailed to a board. An ear of corn was rubbed hard on this grater whereby the meal was forced through the holes, and fell down into a vessel prepared to receive it. An improvement on this was the Hand mill. The stones were smaller than those of the band-mill, and were propelled by man or woman power. A hole is made in the upper stone, and a staff of wood is put in it, and the other end of the staff is put through a hole in a plank above, so that the whole is free to act. One or two persons take hold of this staff and turn the upper stone as rapidly as possible. An eye is made in the upper stone, through which thecorn is put into the mill, with the hand in small quantities to suit the mill, instead of a hopper. A mortar, wherein corn was beaten into meal, is made out of a large round log three or four feet long. One end is cut or burnt out so as to hold a peck of corn, more or less, according to circumstances. This mortar is set one end on the ground, and the other up, to hold the corn. A sweep is prepared over the mortar so that the spring of the pole raises the piston, and the hands at it force it so hard down on the corn that after much beating, meal is manufactured. The picture here drawn of the pioneers, their modes of living, their customs, and amusements, while lacking entire complete- ness, we feel is not inaccurate and untruthful. 40 HISTORY OF MAO ON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. CHAPTER V. GEOGRAPHY, AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES, AND RAILROAD FACILITIES. ACON is the central county of Illinois, the exact geo- graphical center of the State being some seven miles north-west of Decatur. The fortieth parallel of latitude crosses the northern part of the county, and the twelfth meridian of longitude west from Washington bisects it north and south. Measured in section lines, it extends north and south twenty-seven miles, east and west seventeen miles, containing an area of about 578 square miles, or 369,920 acres, and is divided into seventeen legislative townships. It is bounded on the north by De Witt ; on the east by Piatt and Moultrie; on the south by Moul- trie, Shelby and Christian; on the west by Christian, Sangamon and Logan counties. Decatur, situated near the center, is the capital of the county, and is distant from Chicago 175 miles, and from St. Louis 113 miles. Form . — The county is rectangular in form, with a narrow projec- tion on the west, and a slight indentation on the south-east. Population . — According to the census of 1880, the county con- tains a population of 30,407, composed of persons of English, Ger- man, Irish and Swedish descent, with a few of the colored race. Topography . — The surface of the country is mostly flat or level, with gentle undulations in the regions of the various water courses, along which the land is broken, low sand and clay hills intervening, some of which, especially on the Sangamon River, in the vicinity of Decatur, rise gradually to a height of ninety feet above the sur- rounding surface. By far the larger part of the county consisted originally of prairie, the timber being limited to a belt from two to three miles wide along the Sangamon River, a similar strip along Big Creek, and a somewhat narrower belt near Friends’ Creek. Some of this timber is of excellent quality, as will be fully shown in the chapter on the Flora of the county. Hydrography . — The county is well supplied with natural water- courses, the largest and most important being Sangamon River, which enters the county on the east and flows southwesterly to the central part, where it bends slightly northward, winding partly around the city of Decatur, and flowing out of the county in a north-westerly direction. By means of the Holly system of water- works, situated on this river about a mile south of the center of Decatur, the city is supplied with an abundance of most excellent water. The northern part of the county is watered by the Lake Fork of Salt Creek, Friends’ Creek, with its several tributaries, Jones’ Fork, and Stevens’ Creek; the central part by Stevens’ Creek and Sangamon River ; the southern part by Mosquito Creek, Big Creek, Dry Branch and Long Grove Branch. Most of these streams are tributaries of the Sangamon River, and afford most excellent drainage to the surrounding country. In parts of the county, remote from these natural water- courses, an extensive sys- tem of tiling has been lately introduced, whereby the numerous ponds and inland lakes, which originally covered thousands of acres of fertile grain-producing lands, have been drained, and their dry beds, by the skill of the progressive husbandman, made to bloom and bear rich harvests of all the important cereals. This tiling, which has been in general use only some five or six years, is made out of a species of fire-clay, of which extensive beds are found in the county. The average cost of laying tiling is twenty-five cents per rod; the average depth to which it is laid in the ground is three and a-half feet. The price of tiling varies according to diameter, as follows : Tiling 3 inches in diameter, per 1000 feet, 10 $15 18 25 35 45 55 90 During the past year the demand for this system of drainage has been so great that the local factories have been unable to fill all orders, and, consequently, much tiling has been imported from other parts of the state. As the benefits of tile draining become better understood and appreciated, and its importance more fully realized, by the farming community generally, it will be still more extensively used, and millions of wealth thereby added to the agri- cultural interests of the state. A rather remarkable circumstance connected with the recent draining of some of the lakes in this county is the fact that in these bodies of water, which are several miles distant from any permanent stream, and which, during the dry season a year ago, entirely disappeared, their beds becoming dried and baked, great numbers of fish embracing most of the com- mon varieties, and large enough for table use, have been captured. The most plausible theory respecting their presence is that during the intervening freshets these fish, like mountain trout, have made their way up the numerous little brooks, that, in the rainy season, flow down the valleys from the lakes into the Sangamon River and other adjacent streams. PERENNIAL SPRINGS abound in different parts of the county. On the farm of John Good in the vicinity of Bethel church, four miles north-west of Decatur, is a boiling spring, upon the surface of which bubbles of carburetted hydrogen gas with peculiar white mineral flakes or scales are con- stantly escaping. The water of this spring is unusually cold and, though slightly tinctured with sulphur, is very pleasant to the taste. The ground around it for an acre or more in extent is wet and spongy. In the fair grounds at Decatur and on the farm of Capt. Allen, three miles south of the city, are several most excellent springs. Those south of the city contain traces of several minerals, the most promiuent of which is iron. On the premises of Mr. John Iinboden, adjoining the Decatur cemetery, is a mineral well thirty feet deep, which has an average flow, throughout the year, of eigh- teen gallons per minute. An analysis of this water, given by Dr. J. Y. Z. Blaney, of Chicago, is as follows : “ One Litre of water taken. Whole amount of solid matter found by evaporation to complete dryness, .4833.291 grammes in 1 Litre of water, which is equal to 27-116,251 grains in 1 W. S. gallon of 221,780 cubic inches. “ This solid matter consists of chloride of Magnesium .0474,506 grammes in 1 Litre, or 2.66197866 grains in 1 gallon. Sulphate of Lime, .0365190 grains in 1 Litre, or 2.04871590 grains in 1 gallon. Carbonate of Lime, .02068595 “ “ 11.60481795 “ Silica .175 “ “ 9.8175 Iron and Alumina .0175 “ “ .98175 U U Total .4833291 27.11476251 “ “Carbonic Acid Gas uncombined and held in solution, 70.44 cubic inches.” Soil . — In depth and richness of soil, this county is perhaps unsurpassed by any in the state. It is situated in the most fertile part of the famous “ Grand Prairie,” which includes within its limits, by far the most productive lands in North America, rivaling, HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 41 in native agricultural resources, the far-famed valley of the Nile or the great “granary of Europe” in the region of the Baltic Sea. The soil of the prairie lands — and these constitute about seven- eighths of the county — is a black peaty loam from three to ten feet deep, and commonly termed “vegetable mould,” from the fact that for untold ages extending back to the great drift period, immense accumulations of decayed vegetable matter have from year to year and from century to century been fertilizing these vast treeless plains, thus preparing them to yield abundant crops for the dense population already here, and the still denser population yet to be. On the Sangamon hills extending three or four miles East and West from Decatur, the soil has a light yellowish color, with reddish-brown clay containing sand and gravel, intermixed. North and South from the river, the arenaceous and argillaceous soil of the timber changes rapidly into the deep rich black soil of the prairie. This county contains very little land that is not suscep- tible of cultivation, and that will not yield rich returns for the labor of the husbandman. Agriculture . — Nothing is truer than the rather trite saying that “ the success of the farmer is the success of the country.” His mission is to create wealth. The surplus products of his labor form constant additions to the wealth of the State and help to swell the capital of the nation. When farming fails, famine flourishes, poverty prevails, commerce ceases, and progress is paralyzed. In this country abundant crops are the rule ; failures, the exception. The chief occupation of the people is farming and stock-raising. The lands, both timbered and prairie, are capable of producing the finest crops. In the northern part of the county especially, most excellent corn crops are annually raised, the average yield of this cereal in that region being sixty-five bushels per acre, and often far exceeding this number. Oats, barley, and rye grow luxuriantly, rarely failing to yield largely. The potato and other tuberous plants are successfully cultivated, and, when free from the depre- dations of bugs, and other noxious insects, not only afford ample supplies for home consumption, but contribute much to the exports of the country. All varieties of grapes, berries, currants, and com- mon garden vegetables grow well, and, in favorable seasons, produce more than enough to meet the demands of the local markets. But wheat, especially the winter variety, is considered a very uncertain crop. New land and that adjacent to the timber belts produce fair crops of this important cereal. The land near the South line of the county is much better adapted to wheat-raising than that in other parts. The soil generally, though very rich, seems to be too loose to protect the roots of the wheat during the winter, and, con- sequently, in the process of freezing and thawing, the wheat is gradually ejected from the ground and dies. However, for the last two years, (1879 and 1880), wheat has done well in this county, the average per acre being upwards of twenty five bushels, making a favorable comparison with that in other parts of the State. These two extra crops are probably due to the climatic peculiari- ties of the last- two winters, and to the improved methods of planting the seed. In years to come, as the soil grows more compact, and the science of agriculture becomes more exact, wheat will probably be as certain a crop in this county as corn and oats are now. Blue grass, timothy, red-top, and clover are the principal cultivated grasses, and afford rich pasturage for stock, and the finest quality of hay for market. The black soil of the prairie seems especially well adapted to the growth of timothy, and the same may be said of the other grasses in connection with the thinner soil on the hills and uplands along the larger water-courses. The acreage of pasture and meadow has been largely increased within the last decade, indicating a tendency on the part of farmers 6 to take advantage of the great facilities nature has here furnished for stock-raising. Within that time, the quality of stock has also been much improved, as the numerous herds of fine cattle, to be seen in the broad pastures, sufficiently attest. The horses, sheep, and hogs are of far finer quality now than they were a few years ago, showing progressive spirit and enterprise on the part of farmers in keeping with all other branches of industry. Of late years fruit of all kinds has received increased attention. Apples, peaches, pears, cherries and other less prominent fruit have been found to do well, and, when carefully cultivated, yield abundant supplies. Soil, climate, geographical position, water supply, trans- portation facilities, and the intelligent, enterprising spirit of the people, combine to make this one of the finest counties in the State. Mounds. — No artificial mounds have yet been discovered in the county. The absence of these structures is probably due to the fact that when that mysterious “ lost race,” known as mound builders, occupied in great numbers the southern and western parts of the State, as the multiplication of mounds in those regions attest, the land in this portion of the State was yet under water. There are in the county several natural mounds, of which the one near the town of Blue Mound south of Decatur fourteen miles is probably the most prominent. It covers an area of some fifteen acres, and rises to an altitude of sixty feet above the flat surface of the prai- rie. This mass has been found by excavation to be composed mostly of gravel and sand, proving it, beyond doubt, to belong to the ancient drift period. Another of these mounds is situated two miles north of Decatur, and covers with its base about forty acres. It rises fifty feet above the surrounding level and, like the one at Blue Mound, is made up chiefly of sand and gravel. A large mound a little east of Decatur covers some forty acres and has an elevation of eighty-five feet. These and other similar formations in this county have been supposed by some to have been constructed by the mound-building race as places of worship, and consequently to belong to the class known as “ temple mounds,” of which the most remarkable representations on the continent are situated in the vicinity of Cahokia Creek near East St. Louis. RAILROADS- As introductory to the subject of railroad facilities in Macon county, a brief summary of the railroads of the world will not, it is thought, be inappropriate. The locomotive steam engine, as is well known, was invented by George Stephenson, of England, and was first successfully operated, September 27th, 1825, on a short road built from Stockton to Darlington. In 1830 there were only twen- ty-three miles of railroad in the United States. During the follow- ing year a railroad was constructed from Albany to Schenectady, N. Y., a distance of sixteen miles, and put in successful operation. From the latter dates the introduction of railroads in the United States and also in America. To show what rapid progress has been made, by the various countries on the globe, in this great system of transportation, which has already revolutionized the world, and rendered the Nineteenth Century famous in the annals of time, the following official statistics of 1879 are submitted : COUNTRIES. MILES OF ROAD. TOTAL COST. COST PER MIRE. United States 81,814 § 4,319,145 669 § 52,774 Canada 4,929 317,795,468 64,474 Mexico 403 38,816,154 96,318 Central America & West Indies... 618 53,679,830 87,022 South America 5,967 573 009,701 96,029 Europe 93,791 10,408,152,951 110,971 Asia 7,930 616,719,454 77,774 Africa 2,106 112,577,836 53,456 Australasia 2,665 183,273,154 68,771 Grand total... 197,617 16, 4S5, 015,775 83,419 42 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. RAILROADS OF ILLINOIS. The first line of railroad projected in Illinois was the Northern Cross Railroad, extending from Quincy to Danville. This was chartered in 1837, and upon it the first locomotive that ever ap- peared in Illinois, was placed in the winter of 1838-9, running from Meredosia to Jacksonville. In 1842 the road was completed from Jacksonville to Springfield, and three trips were made per week from the latter place to Meredosia, on the Illinois River. The track was of the old flat-rail style, which was made by nailing thin strips of iron on two parallel lines of timbers placed at the proper distance apart, and running lengthways of the road. The engine, as well as the road, soon became so impaired that the former had to be aban- doned and mules substituted as the motor power. It was during this incipient state of western railroad development that the writer, then a mere youth, witnessed one of these mule-motor trains in transit between Jacksonville and the Illinois river, and was duly impressed with the grandeur and solemnity of the occasion. How- ever, such locomotion was destined to be of short duration ; for the State soon afterwards sold the entire road at a nominal sum, and thus for a short time was suspended one of the first railroad enter- prises in Illinois. But in the West a new era — one of prodigious industrial activity and of far-reaching results in the practical arts — - was dawning, and within thirty years from the temporary failure of the road mentioned, this State had outstripped all others in gigan- tic internal improvements, containing at present as shown below, more miles of railroad than any other State in the Union. Accord- ing to the official report of 1879, Illinois has 8,624 miles of railways, constructed and equipped at a cost of $380,779,971, thus surpassing Ohio (the next greatest railroad State) by 2,391 miles of road, New York by 2,800 miles, and Pennsylvania by 2,941 miles. It may be of interest to the reader fifty years hence, to make a similar, though more extended, comparison. RAILROADS OF MACON COUNTY. All the railroads that enter this county converge and either pass through, or terminate at, Decatur, making this city one of the most important railroad centers in the State. The first railroad built through the county was the GREAT WESTERN, whose name has since been successively changed to Toledo, Wabash and Western, Wabash, and Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific, the last of which it still bears. The Great Western was an extension of the Northern Cross Railroad, which has been previously men- tioned. To this road, whose cars first entered Decatur in April, 1854, more than to any other, the county owes the subsequent rapid development of its agricultural and other resources. It was con- structed without any pecuniary aid from the county, and running through some of the finest portions of Illinois, Indiana and Ohio, it soon became the popular highway of travel and traffic between the East and the West. Under its new name — Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific — and management, it has rapidly extended its lines east and west of the Mississippi river, comprising at present two great di- visions, the eastern and the western, whose termini and lengths of lines are as follows : EASTERN DIVISION. Toledo, Ohio, to St. Louis, Mo., 436 miles. Decatur, 111., to Quincy, 111., 151 “ Bluffs, 111., to Hannibal, Mo., 50 “ Maysville, 111., to Pittsfield, 111., 6 “ Clayton, 111., to Keokuk, Iowa, 49 “ Logansport, Ind., to Butler, Ind., 93 “ Edwardsville, 111., to Edwardsville Crossing, 10 miles. Beinent, 111., to Chicago, 151 “ Decatur, 111., via Champaign to Havana, 111., 131 “ Peoria, 111., to Jacksonville, 83 “ State Line, 111., to Warsaw, 111., 227 “ Total miles east of the Mississippi river, 1381 WESTERN DIVISION. St. Louis to Kansas City, 277 miles. Brunswick, Mo., to Council Bluffs, Iowa, 224 “ Roseberry, Mo., to Clarinda, Iowa, 22 “ Moberly, Mo., to Ottumwa, Iowa, 131 “ North Lexington, Mo., to St. Joseph, Mo., 76 “ Centralia, Mo., to Columbia, Mo., 22 “ Salisbury, Mo., to Glasgow, Mo., 15 “ Ferguson, Mo., to Biddle street, St. Louis, 10 “ Total miles west of Mississippi river, 777 Grand total, 2158 miles. The “main line” of the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railway runs nearly on an east and west line through the county, crossing the townships of Niantic, Harristown, Decatur and Oakley. The Decatur and St. Louis branch bears in a south-westerly direction from Decatur, passing through the townships of Decatur, South Wheat- land, Blue Mound and Pleasant View. The latter road was chartered as the Decatur and St. Louis Railroad, to which the county of Ma- con, in 1870, voted $100,000 in eight percent, bonds. In 1873, the county voted to the Decatur and Monticello Railroad, $25,000; Friends’ Creek township voted to the same road, $20,000, and like- wise Decatur township, $25,000. This road was afterwards called the Champaign, Havana and Western, and, in August, 1880, passed under the control of the W abash, St. Louis and Pacific. It starts at Decatur and runs in a north-easterly direction, crossing diagonally the townships of Whitmore and Friends’ Creek, in this county, and at Champaign making important connections, east and west. The engine-house of the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific, located at De- catur, contains twenty-two stalls, and gives employment to a large number of men. The receipts of the road from freight and passen- ger traffic at Decatur average, at present, about $25,000 per month, and are constantly increasing. The disbursements to employees at this point amount to several thousand dollars per month. The principal lines of the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific have steel rail tracks, well ballasted road-beds, and altogether constitute one of the greatest railroad systems in the West. The second railroad built through this county was the ILLINOIS CENTRAL, Which was completed in 1854. By an act of Congress in 1850, a grant of public lands was made to the State of Illinois to aid the construction of a railroad, north and south, through the central part of the State. In 1851, the Legislature of Illinois incorporated the Illinois Central Railroad Company, to which the lands, held in trust by the State, were, under certain restrictions of the charter, transferred. This donation consisted of every alternate section of land for a distance of six miles on each side of the proposed road, and the company in consideration of the gift and of forever being exempt from taxation in the counties through which the road passed, bound itself to pay into the State treasury perpetually 7 per cent, of its annual gross earnings. This placed the company at once upon a sound financial basis which, by judicious management, it has always maintained. The Central either owns or controls the following lines: HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 43 Main line from Cairo to Dunleith, 456 miles. Chieago branch from Centralia to Chicago, 252 “ Iowa Division from Dubuque to Sioux City, 327 “ Southern Division from Cairo to New Orleans, 548 “ Gillman, Illinois, to Springfield, (111.), 112 “ Minnesota branch from Waterloo to Mono, 80 “ Making the total number of miles 1775 of which 788 are in Illinois. The tracks of these various lines are mostly steel-rail, the road-beds, especially in this State, arc ballasted with rock, the rolling-stock is excellent, and the road throughout is, in all respects, first-class. The maiu line passes through the richest portion of the State — as does also the Chicago branch — and is the great thoroughfare of travel and traffic between the North and the South. The Central passes almost directly north and south through the central part of Macon county, crossing the townships of Maroa, Hickory Point, Decatur, South Wheatland, and South Macon, making, in all, about thirty miles of track in the county. Being the second railroad built through the county, it has been to the county in point of transportation facilities north and south what the Wabash and Pacific has been east and west — the great through route — and, like the latter, has contributed very largely to the development of the county’s re- sources. Remarkably free from accidents of all kinds, the Central justly merits the reputation it has, of being one of the best man- aged railroads in the United States. PEORIA, DECATUR AND EVANSVILLE R. R. This road is a consolidation of the Pekin, Lincoln and Decatur and the Decatur, Sullivan and Mattoon railroads. The former of these two roads was chartered in 1861, and the charter was amended in 1865. The road was constructed in 1871, from Decatur to Pekin, 67 miles, and was leased by the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific. In October, 1871, the county issued to this road (P. L. and D.) $100,100 in 8 per cent, bonds. The latter (D S. and M.) was chartered the same year (1861), and in 1872, was completed from Decatur to Mattoon, a distance of 43 miles. In 1872, Mt. Zion township voted to this road $20,000 in bonds and, at the same time, the township of Decatur issued to the road $25,000 in 8 per cent, bonds. Subsequently these two roads, as before stated, were consolidated, and now form the Peoria, Decatur and Evansville R. R. which secures to the county a north-western and south-eastern line of transportation, the northern terminus being Peoria, and the present southern, Parkersburg, making the road, as extended, 192 miles in length. In this county, it runs through the townships of Illini, Hickory Point, Decatur, South Wheatland, and Mt. Zion, affording to each excellent railroad fa- cilities. THE INDIANAPOLIS, DECATUR and SPRINGFIELD R. R. Was chartered in 1850 as the Indiana and Illinois Central R. R., but for various reasons, its construction was delayed till 1872, when it was finished only from Decatur to Montezuma on the Wabash River, 85 miles from the former jfiace. It has since been completed to Indianapolis, distant from Decatur 152 miles, this being the entire length of the road, with Decatur as its western and Indianapolis as its eastern terminus. The road-bed is well constructed and ballasted, the rolling-stock of excellent quality, and the general management of the road very commendable. It runs in a south-easterly direction from Decatur, crossing diagonally Long Creek township and affording rapid transit to Indianapolis, Cincinnati and other important points south-east. In 1872, Maroa township, Macon county, issued $75,000 in bonds to the ILLINOIS MIDLAND R. R. which is a consolidation of the Peoria, Atlanta and Decatur, and the Paris and Decatur Railroads. It was constructed in the same year (1872) from Peoria via Decatur to Terre Haute, Indiana, Peoria and Terre Haute being the termini, and the entire length of road 176 miles, of which 168 are in Illinois. The total railroad bonded indebtedness of the county is, at present, $187,000 bearing 6 per cent, interest. In addition to this, there is a township railroad indebtedness of $145, 000, distributed as follows : Decatur, $50,000 Maroa, 75,000 Mt. Zion, 20,000 To Messrs. A. T. Elder, Cashier of the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific R. It., and II. S Gray, Passenger Conductor on the same road, we are indebted for valuable information respecting the railroads mentioned in this article. CHAPTER VI. GEOLOGY* BY J. PIKE, M A. ERE is little of scientific interest in the geological features of this county. Few older formations than the Drift have been discovered, and even in the Drift the similarity of the deposits is so great that the geolo- ;t finds no incentive to extended investigation. The sur- face of the county is mostly composed of black prairie soil, from three to ten feet deep. Underlying this is a subsoil of clay, gravel and sand. Still deeper, occur alternate beds of clay, quick-sand and gravel, inter- mixed with various shales, slate, limestone, sandstone and several thin strata of coal. As may be seen in another part of this article, ten strata of coal, varying in thickness from a few inches to three and a half feet, have been found, at different depths, in a bore of 875 feet. FORMATION OF PRAIRIES. This is a subject that has provoked much scientific discussion in the last half century ; but, after long and careful investigation, a majority of the most eminent scientists, including Profs. A. H. Worthen, State Geologist of Illinois, and Lesquereaux, who has pub- lished a most excellent paper on this subject in the first volume of the Illinois Geological Reports, have reached the conclusion that the vast treeless plains, or prairies, of the West, with their peculiar surface soil, owe their origin to the same causes that are at present operating to form prairies, though on a less extensive scale. The black, rich soil, so characteristic of prairies, is doubtless due, as has already been stated in the chapter on Geography, to the growth and decay of successive crops of vegetation, which in the geological ages of the past, under a far higher temperature and more favorable atmospheric conditions than now exist, grew to an extent unknown since the appearance of man upon the earth. These prodigious crops of plants and grasses were from year to year submerged, and becoming decomposed, contributed their annual accumulations to the surface of the country. By the continuation of this process for untold centuries and by the subsequent recession of the waters that once covered the entire Mississippi valley, a black, mucky soil, was * For some of the facts contained in this chapter we are under obligations to the State Geological Reports of Illinois. 44 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. formed, and the whole region emerged as vast swamps, or swales, interspersed with hills and valleys, mountains and table-lands. The peaty soil, or muck, thus produced was by the gradual dis- appearance of the water from the low and level portions of the land, converted into the rich vegetable mold of the prairies, which in course of time, became adapted to the wants of men and animals. The soil in such a formative state as has just been described, would be unfavorable to the growth of trees, a practical demonstration of which may be seen nowadays in the treeless swamps and sloughs found in timbered regions. Alluvium. — This term is applied to the recent deposits and formations made by rivers, creeks, &c. Alluvial matter is usually composed of earth, sand and gravel that originally belonged to the great Drift Period. The banks of the Sangamon river are from eight to nine feet high, and composed of dark clay, vegetable mold, with sand intermixed. On the gravelly shoals numerous small shells are found, belonging to the genera Paludina, Melania, Cijclas, and Unio. In portions of the river-bed where the current is less rapid, Anodontas are common. In the marshy tracts on the flat prairies the remains of old shells have been found, belonging to the genera Planorbis and Lymnea. By the recent tile-draining of these ponds and marshes, their beds have been rendered arable, and the calcareous matter of these shells doubtless adds much to the productiveness of the soil. Drift. — Geologically this name is applied to the vast collections of loose earth, rocks, boulders, etc., that are widely distributed over the surface of the land, and that were transported from the north by the agency of glaciers, ancient seas and ocean currents. At Decatur there are from six to ten feet of mostly yellowish-brown clay ; then similar clay with boulders and pebbles extending down- wards several feet, and this in turn succeeded by blue and brown clay and pebbles. “ On Big Creek, sec. 4, T. 15 N., B, 3 E. the drift appears as follows : “ (1). Thirty feet of drift clays, with loose pebbles, sand and clay; at lower part comminuted sand and clay. On the lower slope of this is an abundant growth of Equisetum, or scouring rush, associated with Gentiana alba and Pedicularis lanceolata. “(2). Eight feet. The upper part dark brownish- black ; lower part black, and apparently of vegetable origin ; no pebbles seen ; when struck, a hollow sound is produced. Debris from above fall- ing over unites with this, and forms a marshy talus, on which were growing Lobelia syphilitica, Sagittaria variabilis and several other marsh plants.” — III. Geol. Pep. Large boulders, composed of quartz, feldspar, mica, and horn- blende, and pebbles of granite, quartzite, sandstone, porphyry, limestone, chert, spar, &c., are found in great quantities along the streams and scattered far and wide over the prairies. Several large rounded masses of granite and other azoic rocks have been observed lying here and there over the country south and east of Decatur, showing conclusively the agency of glaciers in transport- ing these huge boulders to their present positions. Three miles north of Oakley lies a boulder of gray granite, ir- regular in shape and measuring eight feet across in two directions, and extending four feet above the ground. It is surrounded with rich prairie soil, and is entirely isolated, no other boulders appear- ing in the vicinity. Wells. — On the flat prairie lands south of Decatur living wells are reached at a depth of from twelve to fifteen feet. In the east part of the county water is found at a depth of from twelve to sixty feet, but it fails in dry seasons. Beneath the blue clay, in beds of sand, from twenty-seven to forty feet deep, abundance of pure cold water is obtained. In the north-east portion of the county water is found at from ten to twenty feet below the surface ; near Forsythe, from sixteen to thirty feet. On the high prairies, in the western part of the county, water is reached at various depths. The region of Harristown appears to be the continuation of a low drift ridge, where a well, dug through ten feet of yellow clay and seventy feet of blue clay, failed to yield any but surface water. Two miles north-west of that place, also in an elevated region, water was struck at thirty feet, and an abundant supply remains throughout the year. There are some excellent springs in the county which have been mentioned in another chapter. Gas-Wells. — In 1871 Wm. A. Wilson, Esq., living ten miles south of Decatur, struck gas in a well on his farm at a depth of forty-five feet. It issued from a formation just below the hard pan, and was discovered at several different localities on the place. By means of pipes he conducted the gas to his dwelling, and used it for both light and fuel. The bed of quicksand, out of which the gas flows, has been penetrated to a depth of fifteen feet without reaching the bot- tom. The gas continued to flow uninterruptedly for several years, and the supply was apparently inexhaustible; but latterly the vein became weaker, and at the present time the gas has almost ceased to flow. Another boring was made a quarter of a mile east of this well, and at a depth of fifty feet, passed through a bed of black peaty soil five feet thick, but without striking gas. A second gas well was struck on the north-east side of Decatur, at a depth of forty feet, and flowed copiously for six months, when the well, for some reason, was filled up. Forty rods south of this second well, and at the same depth, another vein of gas was found, but after flowing violently for some time, the supply failed, and the well was closed up. Thegas from these wells isa light carburetted hydrogen, usually called “marsh gas,” and burns with a bluish flame, emitting intense heat. It is highly inflammable, and, when pure, is perfectly odorless and usually free from sulphur. It has been found in great abun- dance at several places in the State, but of its origin little is yet definitely known. The fact that it is generally found in beds of peat and decayed vegetable matter, indicates that it is of vegetable origin. Numerous wells, affording the same quality of gas, have been dug to a depth of from sixty to seventy feet, near Champaign, Illinois, and the gas, at that depth, being apparently inexhaustible, has been utilized for illuminating and heating purposes. Doubtless this gas, as well as petroleum, when it comes to be better under- stood, will be found to exist regularly in certain geological forma- tions belonging to the Carboniferous Age, and to owe its origin to the same cause or causes that produced the immense coal fields of the world. ECONOMICAL GEOLOGY. Coal. — In 1875, a boring was made for coal at Decatur with a diamond drill, by the Western Coal Mining Company. The work was abandoned at a depth of 507 feet, 1 inch, and probably at from eighty-five to one hundred feet above the level of the Springfield and Howlett coal. The record of this bore is as follows: Ft. In. Surface soil, clay, gravel, &c., (drift) 118 Coarse micaceous sandstone 4 Arenaceous clay shale 34 Grayish limestone 4 Dark clay shale 6 G Light clay shale 12 Micaceous sandstone 18 Clay shale 24 Dark slaty clay with fossils 2 Light slaty clay 3 Red shale 10 Brown and red shale with shells 11 2 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 45 Hard conglomerate 3 Coal, with red clay and gravel 1 4 Fire-clay 3 0 Arenaceous clay shale 7 1 Hard lime conglomerate 3 Bluish clay shale 4 Soft micaceous sandstone 21 Dark gray shale, with ironstone 9 Clay and quicksands 3 Blue limestone 1 0 Gray sandy shale, with fossils 22 1 Gray limestone 11 6 Black and gray shale 7 Mud vein (fire-clay) 2 Blue limestone 11 9 Hard conglomerate 2 1 Blue shale and rock 13 8 Hard gray, sandy, and micaceous shale 44 6 Black shale 2 Coal, hard and bright 1 2 Fire-clay 9 9 Bluish, sandy, clay shale 8 4 Mud vein (fire-clay) 2 1 Dark, slaty clay, with fossils 17 4 Hard conglomerate rock 1 4 Dark shale with fossils 4 8 Sulphur balls 6 Lime conglomerate 5 Ked, sandy clay shale 29 Bluish clay shale with shells 8 3 507 1 The eleven feet, nine inch, blue limestone, found in this bore, at the depth of 345 feet, is supposed to be the same as that forming the Carlinville and Shoal Creek bed, which is usually from 210 to 240 feet above the coal beds at Springfield. Since the foregoing facts appeared in the State Geological Report another boring has been made at Decatur, and, at a depth of 608 feet, a stratum of coal, three and a-half feet thick, believed to be the Springfield vein, has been found. In 1875-6 this second and deeper boring was made for coal just north of the Rolling Mill, on the east side of Decatur, by Mr. J. Edward Bering, of the manufacturing establishment of Chambers Bering and Quinlan, and to his kindness we are indebted for the following record of the bore : Ft. In. Clay, 40 Sand and water (at depth of 40 feet) Hard pan and sand, 35 Sand and water, 4 Hard pan, 24 Sand and water, 7 Rock (at depth of 110 feet), Argillaceous shale, 52 Bituminous shale, 3 Argillaceous, bituminous and sandy shale, 125 Coal 6 in. thick (at depth of 290 feet), Argillaceous shale, 33 Hard limestone, 9 Argillaceous shale, 16 Hard limestone, 8 Argillaceous and sandy shale, 66 6 Coal (at depth of 422 j ft.), 1 6 Nodular limestone and shale, 43 Very hard limestone, 8 Argillaceous and variegated shale, 71 Limestone, coal (8 in.), and shale 18 Argillaceous shale, 16 Salt water (at depth of 580 feet), Shale and sandstone, 20 Gray slate or shale, 5 Bituminous shale, 3 Coal (at depth of 608 feet), 3 6 Fire-clay, 2 Sandstone, 48 6 Bituminous shale, 4 Coal (at depth of 663 feet) 2 Fire-clay, 6 Sandy shale and slate, 52 Coal (at depth of 723 feet), 1 Micaceous sandstone, 21 Coal (at depth of 745 feet), 1 Micaceous sandstone, 32 Bituminous shale, 9 Coal (at depth of 787 feet), 2 Sandstone, 11 Bituminous shale, 7 Coal (at depth of 807 feet), 2 6 Sandstone, 21 6 Bituminous shale, 9 Coal (at depth of 840 ft.), 1 6 Gray shale, 3 6 Limestone (in which boring stopped), 2 6 Total depth 857 6 A shaft 7 by 14 feet is now being sunk near the place where this boring was made. A depth of 130 feet has already been reached, and it is intended to prosecute the work to the stratum of coal 3} feet thick (shown above at the depth of 608 feet) which, in connec- tion Avith the adjacent fire-clay beds, it is thought, will pay for mining. The ten distinct strata of coal found in the bore recorded above, with the thick beds of shale, clay, slate, etc., intervening, show that the lands in this region, during the formation of these coal beds, must have undergone a similar number of successive elevations and depressions. Vegetation grew and accumulated during the elevation of the lands above the water, and the vegetable matter thus accumulated was converted into coal during the sub- mergence of the lands. The beds of shales, slates, etc., were also formed under water, by sedimentary deposits. It is estimated that thirty feet of vegetable matter would be required to form one foot of coal. If so, some idea may be gained of the vast growth of vegetation there was upon the earth during the Carboniferous, or Coal-growing, Age, to form the coal beds of the world, some of which are forty and even fifty feet in thickness. The stratum of coal shown above as being 3* feet thick, must according to this estimate have required a layer of vegetable matter one hundred feet deep. That coal is of vegetable origin is shown by the fact that it is mainly carbon, w’hich element forms from one-fourth to one half of all the vegetation on the globe. Also thin slices of coal placed under the microscope show distinctly the vegetable structure which may sometimes also be seen with the naked eye. Our com- mon peat-bogs, as has been well said, are excellent examples of “incipient coal beds.” In conclusion w T e may say that in economi- cal geology Macon County is rather unfortunate in having neither a coal mine nor a stone quarry. However, there is an abundance of excellent brick and tile clay and beds of fire-clay, deep in the earth, as shown by the preceding records. As we are closing this article, we are informed by Capt. J. S. Post, of Decatur, that a huge molar of a mastodon was some time ago found in the bed of the Sangamon a little below the Wabash and Pacific bridge : also, that the tusks of a gigantic animal of olden times were exhumed from a bed of quicksand thirteen miles west of Decatur. These tusks are said to measure seven feet in length. They are now in the State Museum. 46 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. CHAPTER VII. FAUNA. J. PIKE. T may be remarked in the outset, that this article is not designed to be an elaborate or scientific treatise on Natural History, as relating to animal life, or a learned essay upon the branches, classes, orders, etc., into which scientists have classified the animal kingdom. The dis- cussion of such subjects, however interesting, belongs to the beauti- ful science of zoology, and transcends the scope of a miscellaneous county history. Our object, rather, is to present, with some of their leading characteristics, a list of the principal animals found here at the time of, and subsequent to, the advent of civilized man. In doing so we shall omit the ordinary domestic animals, and also the insects, no complete classification of the latter having ever been made for this locality, and the time for the compilation of this work being necessarily too brief to allow such classification to be prepared, The most important Order of animals, indigenous to this region, is the UNGULATA, OR HOOFED. Of the hoofed animals, one of the most prominent is the American Bison (Bison, or Bos Americanus,) which disappeared from the prairies of Illinois before the arrival of the white man, leaving, as the only evidence of its former presence, a few “ buffalo wallows ” in certain parts of the State. The Bison is a large animal, with thick, heavy body, short, stout legs, short black horns, and black, or brown, shaggy hair. Large herds of these animals, at present, roam over the plains at the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains. Like the Mastodon, and other ancient animals, the Bison is destined, at no distant day, to become extinct. The American Elk (Cervus Americanus ,) next to the Moose, is the largest deer of America. It is remarkable for the size of its antlers, which sometimes grow to the height of six feet, and weigh from forty to eighty pounds. The animal itself is about as tall as an ordinary horse, is very fleet, and has wonderful powers of endurance. It long ago left the prairies of Illinois, and is now found in the northern parts of the United States and in British America. The deer family ( Cervidce ) has had, so far as is known, only one rejmesentative in this region, viz : the common American deer, (Cervus Virginianus) which disappeared from its prairie haunts several years ago, and is now found in the mountainous regions of Missouri, and the unsettled parts of other States. Its flesh is very sweet and palatable, and is highly prized in the finest markets, where it commands a ready sale at the highest price. CARNIVORA, OR FLESH-EATERS. The most ferocious animal of the carnivorous Order, common to this country, is the wolf, which belongs to the dog family (Canidcc). There were formerly two species of this animal in Macon county, viz: the prairie wolf (Cam's latrans), and the common American, or Gray Wolf (Canis occidentalism. The former is small with long body, elongated, sharp muzzle, smooth tongue, and, like all the dog family, had five-toed forefeet, and four-toed hind ones. It formerly inhabited, in large numbers, the wild prairie regions, but latterly has disappeared from this part of the State. The latter is large, with long slim body, long, sharp muzzle, smooth tongue, and straight, bushy tail. In years gone by, the howling of these wolves was the evening serenade of the pioneer settlers, and foreboded havoc among the flocks of those times. A few cf this species are still found in dense woodlands and unfrequented thickets on the prairies. Two species of fox ( Vulpes ) are found here, the common or Gray Fox (Vulpes vulgaris), and the Red Fox ( Vulpes julvus). The former are still numerous in this region ; the latter, rare. Both species are noted for their extreme cunning, and their predatory habits. Foxes are readily distinguished by their slender, pointed muzzle, long, bushy tail, and the elliptical pupil of the eye. Of the cat family (Felidcc) the only two indigenous representatives are the American Wild Cat (Lynx rufus), and the Canadian Lynx (Lynx canadensis). The former was very common during the early history of this coun- try. It was about thirty inches long, of a pale, rufous color dap- pled with gray, ears black on the outside, tail short with black patch above at the end. It was very destructive to lambs, kids> poultry, Ac. It has, within the last few years, almost disappeared. The Lynx was never common in Illinois, though it was occasionally seen thirty years ago, and even later. It is about forty inches long, of a grayish color, streaked with black ; ears tipped with a bunch of black hairs, and tail very short. It is further distinguished by having one molar less than the true cat, in each side of the upper jaw. It is extremely doubtful whether the panther (Felii pardus), ever inhabited these regions. A few individual members of this genus may have been seen here during their migrations from one place to another ; but that this animal ever had any permanent habitat in this prairie country, is highly improbable. The com- mon Raccoon (Procyon lotor) is one of the most familiar wild ani- mals in these parts. It inhabits the timbered regions, generally near some stream or body of water, to which it resorts for food, in the shape of craw-fish, frogs, mussels, Ac. It also feeds upon roots, berries, young corn, “roasting-ears,” birds and other small ani- mals. This animal, from the end of its nose to the tip of the tail, is about two feet long, and has a pointed muzzle, five toes on each foot, and a ringed tail. It is nocturnal in its habits, and in cold climates passes the winter in a partially torpid state. Its fur is valuable. The raccoon belongs to the family of Procyonidcc, of which it is probably the only representative in this region. There is no evidence at hand that the Bear family ( Ursid - For Murder. Samuel Huffman. ) This day came the people, by the Attorney-General, and the defend- ant in his proper person ; and the defendant, being furnished with a copy of the indictment and a list of the jurors and witnesses, says that he is not guilty as charged in the indictment, and thereupon puts himself upon his country for trial, and the people “ do the likes;” and thereupon came a jury, to-wit: Anderson Froman, Jacob Garver, Christian Garver, David Morris, Wesley Smawley, Micajah S Oxley, John Hanks, John Stickel, Andrew W. Ilad- dick, Isaac Howell, Samuel Widick and A.B Gilleland, who being duly sworn, well and truly to try the issues joined, after hearing the various proofs and allegations, for verdict say, they find the de- fendant, Samuel Huffman, guilty of man-slaughter, and sentenced him to confinement in the penitentiary for the period of five years, and that he pay the costs of this prosecution. It is further ordered that the sheriff of Macon county convey the said defendant to the penitentiary, and deliver him to the proper officer in charge thereof. FIRST DIVORCE CASE. The following decree of the court, in the first trial for divorce held in the county, was made October 3, 1837 : William Stuart vs. Susan Stuart. This day came the complainant, by his solicitor, Emerson, and the defendant, Susan Stuart, being three times called, came not, but makes default, and it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that notice of the pendency of this suit had been given, by publish- ing the same in the Sangamon Journal a newspaper printed in the State, for four weeks successively, the first publication being made at least six weeks before the first day of the present term of the court, and the defendant having failed to enter her appearance and answer said bill of complainant: it is, therefore, ordered and decreed, That the said bill of complainant be and the same is hereby taken for confessed, and the court having heard the proofs and allegations of said bill, and being satisfied of the truth thereof and that the said Susan had absented herself from her said husband for more than the space of two years before the filing of this bill, — it is, therefore, further ordered and decreed by the court, that the bonds of matrimony heretofore existing betwen the said William Stuart and Susan Stuart be, and the same are, hereby dissolved, and that the marriage contract between them be, and the same is, hereby canceled, annulled, and wholly vacated, and that the complainant pay the cost of this suit. FIRST GRAND JURORS. At a county commissioners’ court begun and held at the house of James Ward (blacksmith shop four miles south of Decatur) on Monday, the 3d day of August, 1829, it was ordered that the fol- lowing named persons appear before the circuit court to be held at the house (blacksmith shop) of James Ward in said county on the first Thursday succeeding the first Monday after the fourth Monday at the hour of eleven o’clock, A. M., to serve as grand jurors, to-wit: Benjamin R. Austin, Francis G. Hill, Robert Foster, William Freeman, Lambert G. Bearden, James Ward, Jeremiah Ward, William D. Baker, Michael Myers, William Wheeler, Ed- mund McDaniel, William Miller, John Miller, sr., James Hanks, Isaac Miller, David Miller, Samuel Miller, William King, T. Cowan, Luther Stevens, John Miller, John Hanks and Jonathan Miller. FIRST PETIT JURORS. At the same term of court the following persons constituted the petit jury : David Miller, Dorus Stevens, Hubbell Sprague, Par- menas Smallwood, James Owens, Winkfield Everett, William Ward, John Widick, Samuel Widick, James Taylor, James A. Ward, James Myers, John Mowry, Horace McMertery, James Finly, James McGinas, George Widick, Elisha Moore, Dempsey Pope, Jones Edwards, Berry Rose, John Ward, Smith Mounce, and Henry Carter. THE SECOND GRAND AND PETIT JURORS. At the county commissioners’ court held in March 1830, it was ‘ Ordered , That the following named persons appear before the circuit court, to be held at Decatur on the sixth day of May next, at the hour of eleven o’clock, a.m., to serve as grand jurors, to-wit : Benjamin R. Austin, Francis G. Hill, Robert Foster, William Freeman, Lambert G. Bearden, James Ward, Jeremiah Ward, William D. Baker, Michael Myers, William Wheeler, Edmund McDaniel, William Miller, John Miller, sr., James Hanks, Isaac Miller, David Miller, (2d), Samuel Miller, William King, Thomas Cowan, Luther Stevens, John Miller (2d), John Hanks, and Jon- athan Miller ; and that the following named persons appear at the circuit court, at the time and place above mentioned, to serve as petit jurors, to-wit: David Miller, Doras Stevens, Matthias Anderson, Parmenas Smallwood, James Owens, Winkfield | For Divorce. Places of Public Interest in and around Decatur Illinois HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Everett, William Ward, John Widick, Samuel Widick, James W. D. Taylor, James A. Ward, James Myers, John Mowry, Henry Ewing, James Finly, James McGinas, George Widick, Landy Harrell, Peter Walker, William Cox, Berry Hose, Ran- dolph Rose, David Davis and John Waruick.” COUNTY BUILDINGS. THE FIRST COURT-HOUSE. Was a log structure about 20x20 feet and a story and a half high. It contained two rooms one above the other and was heated by an old-fashioned fire-place. The building stood on the west half of lot four (4) in block four (4) of the original town of Decatur. It was built in the latter part of the year 1829 and spring of 1830, and continued to be used as a court-house till 1838, when it was moved to what is known as the “ Robert Allen Farm,” where it is now used as a barn. SECOND COURT-HOUSE. The second court-house was a brick building about 40x40 feet, erected in 1838, on the southwest corner of the public square. As the population of the county became larger and the legal business increased, this temple of justice like its predecessor was at length found to be too small and the count}' in 1870 leased a part of Powers’ Block which constitutes the present court-house. The second story is used as the court-room : the first floor contains most of the county offices, which, as well as the court-room, are pleas- antly situated, spacious and commodious. THE FIRST JAIL. The first jail of Macon county erected in November, 1832, was a log structure built with hewed logs about twelve inches square. The building was about twelve feet square at the base, and contain- ed two rooms, one above the other. It was situated on the north- west corner of Water and Prairie Streets. About the year 1836, it was moved to the north-west corner of Wood and Church Streets, where four years later it was burned down. SECOND JAIL. From the burning of the first jail to 1843, the county was with- out a jail. Iu the latter year a brick jail two stories high and con- taining two cells was erected on the site of the old one — corner of Wood and Church Streets — and was used for jail purposes till 1868, since which time it has been the city calaboose. PRESENT JAIL. The present jail, which is fifty feet long by forty wide, was erected in the year 1868, on the south side of Wood Street between Water and Franklin Streets. Its walls are stone, and its interior is lined with wood and boiler iron. It contains, in all, twenty-four cells, two of which are on the second floor, and used to confine persons guilty of minor offences. Joined to it is the residence of the sheriff, which is 32x42 feet, and has two stories. The residence is of brick, with four rooms below aud five above, besides a commodious base- ment. The jail has all the modern improvements common to such iustitutions. The original cost of the entire building was forty-five thousand dollars. There were in all one hundred and seventy-two prisoners confined in this jail during the year 1879. The present number is ten. Through the courtesy of Martin Forstmeyer, Esq., present sheriff, we are able to give the expenses of the jail for one year from June 1, 1879, to June 1, 1880, as follows : Boarding, Washing and Miscellaneous Expenses, $ 2540.52 For Blankets and Mattresses, 150.00 Total, $2690.52 55 COUNTY rOOR-IIOUSE AND FARM. This institution is located on the south half of section 25, in town- ship 17, N. R. 2 east, of the third principal meridian. The farm it- self contained 206 acres. The main building was completed in 1873, and was connected with another house built by the county; the two together having, in all, thirty rooms. The cost of the poor-house, including the old and the new build- ings, was upwards of seven thousand dollars. The original building purchased with the farm has been detached, repaired, and at present, has eight apartments for insane persons. The outbuildings, such as barn, crib, hog stable, &c., cost an additional sixteen hundred dollars. The farm is divided into three fields, besides the small lots and yards about the building. Belonging to the farm at present are six head of horses, ten head of cattle, and one hundred and fifty head of hogs. Everything connected with the farm is in excellent repair, showing superior care and management. Ou the part of the authorities in charge. ASSESSMENTS OF MACON COUNTY, FOR THE YEAR 1880, SHOWING TOTALS. Horses Cattle Is umber. ... 5,079 482 Value. §213,300 125,739 23 265 Sheep Hogs Carriages and wagons Clocks and watches Pianos ... 16,723 ... 1,633 31 4,007 35,109 45,821 3 395 Goods and merchandise - * 110,065 Bankers, brokers, and stock jobbers’ property, 10,500 Capital stock, &c., of incorporated banks 34,000 Manufactured articles Moneys and credits Bonds, stocks, joint stock companies Unen lime rated property 112,330 Total Deductions Total value of taxable personal property §322,827 Railroad property 110,505 Lands 1,970,955 Town lots 703,535 Grand total of real, personal and railroad property §3,614,122 Agricultural Statistics of Macon county for the year ending December 31st, 1879 ; as appears from the Assessors’ returns, filed in the Clerk's office. NO. BUSHELS. FARM CROPS, Etc. Corn Winter Wheat Spring Wheat Oats Apple Orchard Peach Orchard Pear Orchard Vineyards Timothy Meadow Clover Meadow Prairie Meadow Hungarian and Millet. Ryh Earley NO. ACHES 1879. .. 133,055 . 15,895 .. 2,344 . 20,403 .. 3,408 46} 8f 24J .. 17,761 494 472 64 J 1,756 86 PRODUCED 1879. 4,663,785 341,994 23,249 840,743 83,000 1,065 14 GALLS. WINE MADE. 2,457 TONS PEODVCID. 19,313 550 606 98 BUSHELS PRODUCED. 51,471 1,583 56 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS . FARM CROPS, etc. Buckwheat Castor Beans Beans Peas Irish Potatoes Sweet Potatoes Tobacco Broom Corn Hemp (Fibre) NO. ACRES, 1879. i 18 H i 101 178 BUSHELS PRODUCED. 439 6 390 45 73,849 955 POUNDS PRODUCED. 720 5,317 111,500 Flax (Fibre) 28,9175 GALLS. SYRUP MADE. Sorgo 115 23,705 VAL. CROPS PRODUCED. Turnip and other Root Crops 16 1,810 Other Fruits and Berries 1,230 Other Crops not named above 40 Pasture 54,297 Woodland 14,450 Uncultivated Land 11,129 Area City & Town Real Estate (not included above) 2,416 Total No. of Acres in County 280,891 LIVE STOCK, Etc. Quantity or Value No. Sheep killed by dogs 1879 52 Total Value Sheep killed by dogs 1879 195 Number Pounds Wool Shorn 1879 40,218 Number Fat Sheep Sold 1879 1,293 Total Gross Weight Fat Sheep Sold 1879 128,744 Cows, Number Kept 1879 4,041 Pounds Butter Sold 1879 145,443 Pounds Cheese Sold 1879 Gallons Cream Sold 1879 Gallons Milk Sold 1879 325 Number Colts Foaled in 1879 819 Number Horses, any age, Died in 1879 405 Number of Fat Cattle Sold 1879 5,806 Total Gross Weight Fat Cattle Sold 5,788,872 Number Fat Hogs Sold 1879 37,894 Total Gross Weight Fat Hogs Sold 1879 8,214,020 Number Hogs and Pigs died of Cholera 1879 .. 4,433 Total Gross Weight of Swine died of Cholera 1879 302,814 Number Bushels Timothy Seed Produced 1879 1,712 Number Bushels Clover Seed Produced 1879 458 Number Bushels Hungarian and Millet Seed Produced 1879 150 Number Bushels Cotton Seed Produced 1879 Number Bushels Flax Seed Produced 1879 12,992 Number Pounds Grapes Produced 1879 74,408 ASSESSMENT OF REAL ESTATE , PERSONAL PROPERTY, PRINCIPAL ARTICLES, &c„ OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS, FOR THE YEAR 1880. TOWNS. Improved Lands. Unimproved Lands. Total Lands. As Equalized and Cor- rected by Town Board. Total Lots. As Equalized k Cor- rected by T. Board. Horses. Neat Cattle. Mules, Asses Sheep. Hogs. acres. VALUE. acres VALLE. ACRES. VALUE. LOTS. VALUE. NO. VALUE. NO. VALUE. NO. VALUE. NO. VALUE. NO. VALUE. 290 77885 7 890 297 78775 3601 1209070 499 19395 351 5530 55 2225 251 578 Decatur Tp 15051 327683 1097 20490 16148 338334 97 9235 354 13725 548 7078 61 2125 70 90 1417 2905 Mt. Zion 25036 443289 1780 23308 26816 466597 56 13980 645 18061 1933 31585 107 4115 672 683 2611 5490 South Wheatland. 18542 322650 595 7025 19137 329375 31 4322 594 16962 1020 13498 128 4800 949 1565 3694 7202 Hickory Point 22326 365118 22326 365118 108 7643 795 20535 1007 12467 92 3420 356 356 3000 7596 15140 199900 15140 199900 422 107 so 305 3649 98! 3245 84 86 1326 2803 Blue Mound . 17880 288267 2042 21287 19922 309554 100 3030 529 14745 936 11211 145 4535 321 321 3103 6385 Whitmore 21168 337005 1937 21540 23105 358545 68 5985 728 23930 876 11898 112 4175 185 309 2682 6749 A not! *-» 23331 379909 23331 379999 714 19645 1103 11745 150 : 4855 360 540 3187 7625 Harristovvn 16518 355815 1308 12400 17826 368215 92 14545 539 14320 754 14821 88 2590 490 1955 2654 7104 30529 415290 30529 415290 208 7094 760 29455 1276 22259 77 2940 1351 2083 3713 11927 22610 397986 22610 397986 198 12329 731 21555 892 10952 194 7750 752 752 3174 7742 Niantic 17252 277900 1332 4491 18584 282591 342 14760 626 17105 696 8380 77 2905 629 591 1973 3293 Oaklev 13794 233887 4482 44481 18276 278368 71 2898 467 11528 1080 10967 76 1940 176 176 2866 4788 23988 510260 581 9260 24569 519520 722 18730 1 4>9 15403 701 098 2976 4234 ‘>1337 356099 21337 356099 501 41235 672 22078 1 280 17549 121 4270 817 1629 2330 5702 Pleasant View 19577 286155 446 4800 20023 290955 388 47120 587 14407 1094 13624 140 3845 308 377 2620 6215 Maroa 26177 433535 26177 433535 520 78287 947 29035 1133 13025 147 4900 1057 2655 2948 5975 6008723 6168856 6381 1471533 11361 335941 17704 2356441907 67400 9284 14926 46585 104313 S. Engines Fire and including Burglar Boilers, j P. Safes. Billi’d k OTHER Tables. no VALUE. NO val’e no VAL 6 2850 54 3020 20 860 i 5 1100 i 40 4 950 i 10 2 700 i 15 "} 300 1 150 2 400 i 20 1 350 3 500 1 110 2 375 2 160 3 590 3 1 15 6 2775 13 54-5 3 60 38 11150J7 3950 23 920 TOWNS. Carriages and Wagons Watches and Clocks. SOWING AND Knit’g Ma- chines. Piano Forte. M KLODE- ONS AND Organs. Goods & Mdse. II Materials j Manuf'd 1 Articles Manufac- 1 tur’s Tls. 1 & Mchry. Agricult'l Tools & Mchry. J a 5 E' * *3 * 2 £< CP Diamonds & Jlry. « S m . Kao § i IM s a ‘S « . r. X O ° a 2 a" J u Prop’y op j 1 Saloons & | Eat. Hou. Q H 1 J ^ « a S * . w '** PS w ™° P * o £ X i&si S :c>jw uX £ w 3 5 2 ? fa . O GO 2 5 no. VALUE. no. VALUE. no. VAI UE. NO. VAL. NO. VAL. dollars _ DOI LS. DOLLS. DOLLS. DOLLS. DOL. DOLLS. DOLLS. VALUE. VALUE. VALUE. VALUE. Decatur City 389 15065 436 4879 490 4910 157 1215 33 1005 21071036330 4190 20 1400 365 57480 41870 4690 87450 1080 1300 147 3240 41 329 66 665 9 440 180 200 1497 10 3200 7390 7300 835 074 3052 1 80 368 124 917 2050 40 15 2505 1896 26624 4700 4929 South Wheatland.. 258 4568 128 394 108 1134 6 262 20 420 810 10 330 5897 695 18040 5693 345 7745 317 4229 376 115 870 350 18 420 1515 150 7037 2885 5542 14505 127 1 955 41 42 59 610 5 105 2515 692 6131 235 3793 177 253 107 1193 16 570 2400 840 3341 8 37 1350 4850 3604 10998 252 4053 166 461 1 12 1204 4 160 23 665 2050 40 180 5565 850 5360 2703 16932 262 3965 33 430 90 900 6 230 4892 3315 2680 14480 Harristown 260 3589 123 521 91 877 10 570 15 520 3550 750 150 4184 6253 20570 4350 10750 240 4040 214 412 139 1929 4 250 28 700 2469 6218 15 2840 2270 5430 680 15735 Ulini 340 6108 194 502 118 686 8 345 27 930 3370 30 165 4330 5020 4235 15715 949 2579 179 314 111 671 6 165 29 435 30 4165 10750 4158 9340 178 91X1 1Q1 200 98 694 9 280 930 190 205 231 1 5910 3322 6822 274 3XX9 1 4 72 122 1214 2 60 22 400 430 25 3702 805 600 3873 5222 South Macon 279 5535 157 555 154 1514 10 605 40 485 10725 30 105 3911 30 2670 9300 6392 5450 Pleasant View 256 5289 242 608 174 1736 4 180 31 700 16595 380 420 3931 30 2500 18032 100 4161 21317 Maroa 422 8850 287 1860 232 2350 17 710 51 1380 19500 1565 3090 6640 305 48105 6725 340 9865 1500 22475 Total... 4752 85973 2960 125762570 I 1 21074 244 1312370 1 9125 232384 39365 10795 1 1 1 72661 1788 153209 164916 5130 170650 1 3605 190681 | All other Prop, not oth’rwise 1 Listed Shakes of Stock of State or Nat. Bks. < « a > c .a. £ NO. DOGS. value. value. VALUE. 3725 40000 563672 13 400 51609 94 552 107582 121 580 90975 74 3375 86768 162* 4050 36613 125 540 71934 45 625 93184 217 2870 78172 161 225 97949 100 111802 236 25 90632 142 70781 138 82 53026 190 62225 231 1488 105978 1(»4| 3823 118975 200 3040 204880 202 25400 40000 i2096757 2559} HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 57 LEGISLATORS. The following is a list of the members of the General Assembly of Illinois from Macon county since its organization. Names. When served. R. K. McLaughlin, 1830-31. Win. Williamson, 1832-3-4-5-6. James Allen, 1836-7-8-9. John Moore, 1840-41. Robert F. Barnett, 1842-3. George W. Powers, 1844-5-6-7. Edwd. O. Smith, 1849. Asahel Gridley, 1851 to 1853. G. R. Jernegan, 1855. Joel I. Post, 1857 to 1859. Names. When served. R. J. Oglesby, 1861. Isaac Funk, 1863 to 1865. W. H. Cheeney, 1867. John McNulta, 1869. John McNulta, -> Michael Donahoe , ) Michael Donahoe, Jesse F. Harrold, 187 1. William F. Moffett, 1879. REPRESENTATIVES. Names. When served. John F. Posey.... 1830-1 Geo- H. Beeler ... Thomas B. Tower. Thomas B. Tower Wm. G. Reddick. 1836-7 Jesse W. Gonge.... 1838-9 Robert F. Barnett. 1840-1 Samuel G. Nisbitt. 1842-3 Kirby Benedict.... 1844-5 William Cantrell. 1846-7 Reuben B. Ewing.. 1849 Charles Emmerson 1851 Henry Prather Harvey C. Johns.. 1855 Jerome R. Gorin.. Daniel Stikel 1859 Lawrence Weldon James Elder, ■] William Coler, (■ 1863 Isaac C. Pugh, L. J. Bond, J * 1868 Names. Clark R. Griggs, A. B. Bunn, W. M. Stanley, John W. Scroggs, Wm. E. Nelson, Wm. T. Moffit, Job A. Race, Tillman Lane, Wm. T. Moffett, Shaw Pease, John H. Tyler, Samuel S. Jack, Samuel S. Jack, Thomas I. Able, Wm. L. Chambers, John H. Tyler, Geo. K Ingham, Bradford K. Durfee, When served. 1837 1869 1871 1873 1875 1876 1879 COUNTY OFFICIALS. THE FIRST BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. Benjamin Wlison, Elisha Freeman, j- Served during the year 1829-30. James G. Miller, J SECOND BOARD. Elisha Freeman, -» James Miller, !■ Served during the year 1830-31. Isaac C. Pugh, J THIRD BOARD. James Miller, Isaac C. Pugh, l Served during the year 1831-2. David Davis, J FOURTH BOARD. Hugh Bowles, Elisha Freeman, l Served during the year 1832-3. Phillip D. Williams, J FIFTH BOARD. Hugh Bowles, -i Elisha Freeman, t Served during the year 1833-4. Phillip D.Williams, J SIXTH BOARD. Benjamin Wilson, v Wm. Muirhead, j- Served during the year, 1834-35. James A. Piatt, J SEVENTH BOARD. Benjamin Wilson, \ Wm. Muirhead, ^Served during the year 1835-6. James A. Piatt, J EIGHTH BOARD. James A. Piatt, Josiah Clifton, Win. Muirhead, Hiram Chapin, Wm. Muirhead, James A. Piatt, | Served during the year 1836-7. NINTH BOARD. 1 Served during the year 1837-8. TENTH BOARD. Elisha Freeman, Hiram Chapin, > Served during the year 1838-9. Benjamin Wilson, J ELEVENTH BOARD. Elisha Freeman, -j Benjamin Wilson, J- Served during the year 1839-40. John Rucker, J TWELFTH BOARD. Elisha Freeman, -i John Rucker, >• Served during the year 1840-1. Abrah'm H. Keller, J THIRTEENTH BOARD. John Rucker, \ Abrah’m H. Keller, J- Served during the year 1841-2. Leonard Ashton, ‘ FOURTEENTH BOARD. John Rucker, \ Leonard Ashton, J- Served during the year 1842-3. And’w W. Smith, ) FIFTEENTH BOARD. John Rucker, And’w W.Sm James D. Tait, And’w W. Smith, j- Served during the year 1843-4. SIXTEENTH BOARD. And’w W. Smith, i James Tait, j- Served during the year 1844-5. Elisha Freeman, J SEVENTEENTH BOARD. Elisha Freeman, \ Samuel Rea, i Served from 1845 to 1849. James D. Campbell, ‘ PROBATE JUDGES. Daniel McCall, appointed Probate Judge in 1830, served until 1835 ; Charles Emmerson elected in 1835, served until 1837 ; Kirby Benedict elected in 1837, continued in office until 1843; John G. Speer elected in 1843, served until 1846 ; Thomas H. Read elected in 1846, served until 1849. COUNTY JUDGES. In 1848 the new Constitution of the State made a change, organ- izing a County Court with one Judge, having a probate jurisdiction and providing for two Associate Justices, all to hold office for four years. Under this law there were elected : William Prather, County Judge, elected in 1849, Jacob Hostettler and John Rucker, Associates, elected in 1849, and served until 1857 ; John Pricketts, County Judge, elected in 1857, Jacob Spangler and W. G. Cameron, Associates, elected in 1857, and served until 1860. In 1859 Township organization was adopted, making another change in the county court, vacating the office of Associate Justices. Under this law there was elected, Samuel F. Greer, County Judge, elected iu 1861, re-elected as follows: in 1865, 1869, 1873, and 1877, whose term will expire in 1881. 8 58 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. COUNTY CLERKS. D. McCall, appointed in 1S29 served until 1837. H. M. Gorin, elected (t 1837 a 1841. N. W. Peddecord, “ “ 1841 a 1847. E. B. Hale, u 1847 a 1851. W. W. Oglesby, ti 1851 u 1857. Samuel Rea, “ ti 1857 a 1865. I. C. Pugh, “ u 1865 a 1869. II. W. Waggoner, “ tt 1869 tt 1880. CIRCUIT CLERKS. D. McCall, appointed in 1829 served until 1834. H. M. Gorin, elected ti 1834 n 1841. N. W. Peddecord, “ a 1841 tt 1848. William Prather, “ tt 1848 a 1856. J. Q. A. Odor, tt 1856 a 1860. W. L. Hammer, u 1860 a 1869. E. McClellan, a 1869 a 1880. SHERIFFS OF THE COUNTY. Wm. Warnick, appointed in 1829 served until 1835. John McMennamy, elected “ 1835 << 1838. James Stevens, “ ti 1838 a 1840. Wm. Warnick, “ tt 1840 “ 1842. Wm. Wheeler, ‘‘ a 1842 it 1850. Samuel Rea, “ tt 1850 n 1852. Wm. Wheeler, re-elected a 1852 a 1854. S. M. Whitehouse, elected a 1854 u 1856. J. Q. A. Odor, ti 1856 a 1858. W m. Wheeler, re-elected a 1858 it 1860. George Goodman, elected ti 1860 tt 1862. John W. Bear, ti 1862 tt 1864. A. A. Murray, “ a 1864 it 1866. John E. Jones, a 1866 a 1868. James Travis, “ a 1868 a 1870. George M. Wood, “ it 1870 it 1872. I. D. Jennings, a 1872 a 1876. Martin Forstmeyer, “ n 1876 it 1880. COUNTY TREASURERS. B. R. Austin, appointed 1829, served until 1830 John Miller, it 1830 tt a 1831 B. R. Austin, it 1831 it ti 1832 James Johnson, it 1832 it a 1834 Joseph Hostettler, U 1834 a “ 1835 Joseph Stevens, a 1835 a ti 1837 J. Renshaw, t.t 1837 resigned, 1837 D. Davis, tt 1837 served until 1839 Henry Snyder, a 1839 tt “ 184-5 Thomas H. Read, it 1845 resigned, 1846 George W. Powers, a 1846 served until 1848 S. C. Allen, elected 1848 a il 1853 I. C. Pugh, ti 1853 tt a 1858 William Cantrell, a 1858 tt a 1863 Ira B. Curtis, tt 1863 ti ti 1869 Wm. M. Boyd, a 1869 Li a 1873 R. II. Park, tt 1873 it “ 1875 George M. Wood, a 1875 ti a 1880 and is the present incumbent. Coroners . — David Manley, elected in 1830; Samuel B. Dewees, elected 1831 ; Jacjb Hornback, 1834 ; John Miller, 1836 ; Parmen- as Smallwood, 1840;* M. Y. Givler, 1862, and re-elected in 1864; Isaac D. Jennings, 1866; M. Y. Givler, 1870 ; Daniel Aungst, 1874 ; Cassidy Chenoweth, 1876; John Dinneen, 1878. County Surveyors . — James R. Austin, appointed in 1829; E. McClellan, elected in 1S38; R. P. Wren, 1840 ; Auson Packard — ; James P. Boyd, 1853 ; J. B. K. Shirrick, 1854 ; A. T. Risley, 1857 ; W. S. Lawrence, 1865 ; G. V. Loring, 1869, and is the present incumbent. *We are unable to give all the coroners, as the records are uncertain up to 1862. We subjoin a list of the first board of supervisors, elected in 1860 on adoption of township organization : Hickory Point Township J. Y. Braden. Austin “ James Parker. Oakley “ G. W. Forest. Long Creek “ John Rucker. Maroa ‘‘ Wm. Crawford. Friends’ Creek “ D. K. Wilson. Decatur ‘‘ H. B. Durfee. “ “ John W- Koehler, (Assistant.) Niantie “ J- H. Hughes. South Wheatland ‘‘ I. S. Boardman. Whitmore “ James Lichtenberger. Harristown “ Abraham Eyman. Mt. Zion “ W. C. Myers. South Macon “ W. D. Hamilton. Blue Mound ‘‘ J. C. Armstrong. CONCLUSION. The history of Macon county includes only about half a century. Beginning with its birth just fifty-one years ago we have followed its upward career until the present (1880.) We have made men- tion of those who assisted at its formation, and have since been hon- orably connected with its history ; we have wandered together by the stream of history as, for over half a century, it has meandered through old Macon, receiving its affluents here and there, and de- positing in its banks relics of the past, which patiently, and we trust successfully, we have exhumed and brought before your vi- sion, recalling the olden time and placing it in contact with the new. Standing on some jutting headland, we view the pauorama as it slowly passes by, unfolding the scene time has £>enciled thereon. Here coming up out of the misty past, is the Indian in full chase of the bounding deer. He passes, and before his form dies away in the distance we see the first settlers moving forward with the slow- paced oxen, bearing their household treasures into the openings of the Sangamon. A cabin of rude logs rises ; the pioneer’s axe rings through the woods, the cumbersome plow turns the furrows ; the pioneer mill rises, and a new life has taken possession of the wilder- ness, and the hunting-grounds of the red man are no more before us, but have moved westward toward the setting sun. Another scene unfolds before us, and the rude school-house and chapel are seen, wherein gather the children of the pioneer for instruction, even amid the solitudes of the border ; and we hear the song of thanksgiving and the voice of melody rise upon the air and blend with the song of birds and the rustle of leaves as the summer zephyrs move the foliage of the woods. The stage-coach rumbles up to the door of the log hostelry, notes of the driver’s horn mak- ing merry echoes through the old parks and startling the quail and partridge from their coverts by the wayside ; houses of more pre- tentious appearance begin to dot the landscape, which is fast as- suming the aspect of a prosperous community. Church spires, sure indices of civilization and refinement, point heavenward, as if to lift the thoughts of the dwellers of the land from the soil, wherefrom hitherto their chief substance has been drawn, to other sources of life rather than “ bread alone.” Another picture comes before us as the parallel bands of iron converging into one in the dim dis- tance expand into the railway track, along which thunders the cars of the several lines of road passing through the county, carrying its products to the outer world. The telegraph brings the news from the sea-board, and the days of slow-moving trade are numbered and laid to rest ; magnificent school-houses, wherein the youth are fitted for life’s business, professionally or otherwise, stand before us, mon- uments to the wisdom of the founders of the system which has made them possible. Another series of scenes comes before us, and we HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 50 see in dim and shadowy outline the pioneer shouldering his trusty rifle, and bidding wife and children good-by, going westward to intercept the approach of the savage before his bloody trail shall strike his own settlement. This moves on, and in its place we see the sons of these pioneers forming by squad and company and bat- talion and regiment, and going forth by hundreds, yes, thousands, to defend the flag of the country which has given them a govern- ment, under whose fostering care all these later scenes have been made accomplished facts. We look upon the serried ranks as they move forward, shoulder to shoulder, against the deadly blast of war. The cannon and musketry of traitors in arms thin their ranks, but forward they bear the colors of the Union, reflected in their blood- stains every step of the weary way from Bull Run to Appomattox. Homeward they turn when victory is secure and the Union has triumphed, their columns gaping from the havoc of shot and shell and the disease of the camp and prison-pen, and their colors rag- ged and torn, but proud and defiant as ever. One grand ovation to the living, a sad wailing requiem for the dead, and the rem- nant left of the brave thousands who went forth to do battle for the right settle back into the busy routine of the private citizen, and the war-clouds pass away and gentle Peace covers all with her wings. Well has the poet said : — And step by step, since time began, We see the steady gain of man !” CHAPTER X. THE BENCH AND BAR. BY JAS. H. BROWNLEE, M. A. AWYERS have in all ages formed an influential body of men, animated by the spirit and love of liberty; and the student of history finds that much of the freedom which men enjoy to-day has been won and preserved by their efforts. When bold blows were needed for the right, and against oppression, they have ever been foremost in the battle. It was Ulpian, the Roman lawyer, who lost his life in aiding his prince to put the army below the law. D’Aguesseau, the French- man, facing an enraged king unflinchingly in behalf of his country, and recalling the noble words of his wife, “ forgot that he had a family to ruin, and remembered only that he had France to save.” “ Coke flung the language of eighty years in the face of the first Stuart in defence of the people.” Who has not heard the motto of the great Selden : “ Before all things else, liberty.” It was Lord Chief Justice Mansfield who declared: “ Slaves cannot breathe in England ; if their lungs receive our air, that moment they are free.” It was the eloquence of the great advocate, Erskine, that in “ spite of the III. George made it safe to speak and print in Eng- land. ”In our own country the part taken by the lawyers has been equally honorable. It was the silver-tongued eloquence of James Otis of Boston that first breathed into the colonists an heroic spirit of resistance to British oppression. The clarion voice of Henry, of Virginia, gave courage and hope for the contest. Jefferson’s hand drafted the “Great Charter” of our liberties, the Declaration of Independence. John Adams was the colossal spirit of the Revolu- tion. Alexander Hamilton, it was, who “touched the dead corpse of Public Credit and caused it to spring upon its feet.” In a later day, the matchless Webster expounded the Constitution to his countrymen, and gave to that great instrument the national inter- pretation. The eloquent Clay, by' his efforts to promote har- mony between the North and the South, won the proud title of the “Great Pacificator.” It was an Illinois lawyer, Abraham Lincoln, who was called to save his country from anarchy and dissolution. And the names that have conferred the greatest and most lasting glory upon this great state are those of two lawyers, Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas. THE BENCH. A glance over the list of judges, who have presided over the courts in Macon county, will show a great array of talent. The first court was held in Decatur in May, 1830, at which Samuel D. Lockwood, of the Supreme bench presided. Until 1835, the judges of the Supreme bench were required to do circuit duty. In that year a law was enacted severing the duties of Supreme and Circuit judges. Judge Lockwood presided from 1830 until the change in the law. This distinguished jurist came to Illinois at an early period, and was a prominent actor in its history for many years. He was a man of stainless purity of character, and in ability the peer of the ablest of his associates on the bench. Stephen T. Logan of Springfield, on the change in the law being made, was elected ju'dge of this circuit by the legislature, and succeeded Mr. Lockwood in the circuit. He has one of the most brilliant legal intellects in the entire West, and has won a high reputation in law and politics. This county then constituted a part of the first judicial district. Thomas Ford, afterwards gover- nor of the State, at Logan’s request, held the September term of 1835. Judge Logan resigned his seat on the bench early in 1837, and William Brown of Jacksonville was appointed to the vacancy by Gov. Duncan. Judge Brown was a native of Kentucky, and a man of culture and agreeable manners, and at the time of his ele- vation to the bench was about twenty-five years of age. He was followed on the bench by Jesse B. Thomas, for whom he held the October term of 1837. Justin Harlin held the May term for him. Judge Harlin was a large, fine-looking man of polished bearing. He was courtly and dignified, and it was a treat to a young lawyer to hear him deliver the opinion of the court. Judge Thomas was on the bench but a short time, being succeeded in his office by S. H. Treat, who presided from 1839 till the adop- tion of the new constitution in 1848. This eminent man has, during the greater part of his life, sat upon the bench. He is now the Judge of. the United States District Court at Springfield, and by his great legal learning and impartiality ornaments that high office, and his judicial ermine is free from stain. David Davis, of Bloomington, w T as his successor, and presided from 1849 to 1853, inclusive. The career of Judge Davis is famil- iar to all, and is honorable to himself and his state. In all public trusts, as Judge of Circuit, as one of the justices of the Supreme Court of the United States, as U. S. Senator from 111., he has proved himself able, worthy, and high-minded. The May term of his last year in this Circuit was held for him by Charles Emmerson, who, in 1854, became his successor in office. Charles Emmerson, the first resident lawyer of Macon county, was a native of New Hampshire. He came to Illinois in 1833; for one term attended Illinois College, and then, removing to Spring- field, began the study of law under Judge Keys. On being ad- mitted to practice he settled in Decatur, in the spring of 1834. In 1841 he married Nancy Harrell, who died in 1866. From ’47 to ’50 he resided in Paris, Illinois. On his return to Decatur he was elected to the legislature, and on the expiration of his term was re-elected. In June, 1853, he was elected Circuit judge, and held the office till 1867. In 1869 he was elected to the constitu- GO HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. tional convention. He attended the early part of the convention, but was then suffering from a severe cold, which, settling on his lungs, ended his life in April, 1870. “ As to his judicial career his memory needs no comment; his mind was evenly balanced, and he held the scales of justice so im- partially that few dared to question the correctness of his decisions ; he seemed absolutely unbiased. * * * His mind was broad and grasping; the intricacies of the law he could comprehend readily, and solve the most difficult questions of law and fact with scarcely a moment’s reflection. He had the power of presenting his views succinctly and in such a way that those who heard him, in making a decision, at once acknowledged the justness and correctness of his position in the matter in question. He was charitable, modest and unaffected, and possessed not one particle of personal vanity; he had no desire for display, and no ambition for admiration.” He was a man of the highest intellectual powers, combined with singular simplicity of deportment and dress. In his public and private life he was a worthy model for imitation. He loved his profession, aud honored it by his vast ability and hiseutire rectitude of life. “ His life was gentle ; And the elements so mixed in him That nature might stand and say to all the world, This was a man.” He had seven children, only one of whom, Leora M., of Decatur, lives in the county which is so proud of his memory. Judge Arthur J. Gallagher, who succeeded Judge Emmerson, on this circuit, was a native of Ireland. He came to America when a boy, and, with his relatives, first settled at Philadelphia. He soon left there, and coming west, attended for a time the Catholic College at St. Louis. On the outbreak of the Mexican war, he threw aside his books and enlisted as private in the 2d Illinois volunteers, Col. Bissel commanding. He served out his term of enlistment — one year — and participated in the battle of Buena Vista. Return- iug to the States in the spring of 1847, he began the study of law in the office of Lyman Trumbull at Belleville, Illinois. In 1848 he was admitted to practice, and opened an office in Vandalia. In 1 852 he was elected to the legislature from his district, and was after, wards appointed, by President Pierce, register of the U. S. Land Office at Vandalia, which position he filled until his removal to Decatur in 1856, where he soon took high rank at the bar, and rose in time to its head. He formed a co-partnership with R J. Oglesby and Sheridan Wait, and the firm had a large and lucrative practice. In 1862 he raised a company — of which he was made captain — for the 7th Illinois cavalry, Col. Wm. Pitt Kellogg (now Senator from Louisiana) commanding. Ill health compelled him to resign after a year’s service. He married, in 1865, Miss Rachel Smith, eldest daughter of Hon. E. O. Smith. In 1867 he was elevated to the bench of the old sixteenth circuit, without opposition, serving till 1873, when he resumed practice. He died suddenly in the summer of 1879. Judge Gallagher was a man of towering intellect and remark- able perceptive faculties. His grasp of legal questions w T as intuitive, and he possessed the power of exact and luminous statements. Though not an orator, in the po'pular acceptation of the term, no man surpassed him in his ability to make his meaning clear to a jury on the most intricate points of law. He was peculiarly fitted for the office of judge. “ He was a fair man.” “-No judge ever held the scales of justice more evenly poised than he.” He was honorable and upright in all relations of life, affectionate in his family, and had hosts of friends, who were drawn and bound to him, as by hooks of steel. Judge Gallagher was succeeded by C. B. Smith, of Champaign. Judge Smith is a native of Western Virginia, but was brought by his parents to Bellefbntaine, Ohio, when a year old. When reach- ing early manhood he chose the legal profession, and pursued the study of law in the office, and under the tuition, of Gov. Benjamin Stanton. In 1860 he was admitted to practice and opened an office in Bellefontaine, where he remained one year. He then removed to Illinois and settled in Newton, Jasper county, where he practiced three years, at the end of which period he removed to Champaign, where he has since resided. He enjoyed, before his elevation to the bench, a large practice. He was elected circuit Judge in 1873, and, in 1879, was re-elected. Judge Smith is a man of fine social and conversational powers, of excellent knowledge of the law, and of untiring industry, aud worthy of his high office. In 1877 the legislature changed the law governing circuits, (which heretofore had been single circuits) consolidating two into one, aud providing for the election of a new judge, in addition to the two holding over. One of the three judges of the circuit is selected by the Supreme court as judge of the appellate court, created by the same act, and he, in addition to hisdutiesas appellate judge, performs circuit duty. Judge Smith and O. L. Davis, of Danville, being judges of adjoining circuits at the time of the passage of the act above men- tioned, held over, and William E. Nelson, of Decatur, was chosen by the people as third judge of the enlarged circuit. Wm. E. Nelson was born in Sparta, White county, Tennessee, on June 4, 1824. He read law in the office of his father, and, after thorough preparation, was admitted to practice in 1844. He moved to Illi- nois in 1857, and in June of that year, settled in Decatur, where he has since lived. In 1869 he was appointed one of a commission to revise the statutes of the state, and discharged the duties of that office, until he took his seat as member of the 27th General Assembly in 1871. In August, 1877, he was elevated to the bench as one of the judges of the fourth judicial circuit, and filled the entire term of his office, after which he resumed the practice of his profession. Judge Nelson is a man of education, and possesses a fine command of language ; of great industry and irreproachable morality. He has been a hard student and knows the law. He has a large prac- tice, and the interests of his clients are carefully guarded by him. His legal ability and uprightness have won the respect and esteem of all who know him. The general election for the three judges in 1879 resulted in the re-election of C. B. Smith and O. L. Davis, and the election of J. W. Wilkin, of Marshall. PROSECUTING AND COUNTY ATTORNEYS. 1830-35 John H. Pugh. • 1836-40 D. H. Campbell. 1840-44 Josiali Lamborn. 1844-48 John A. McDougall. 1848-52 David Campbell. 1852-56 Elam Rust. 1856-60 J. R. Eden. 1860-63 *J. P. Boyd. 1863-68 D. L. Bunn. '1868-72 M. B. Thompson. 1872-76 C. C. McComas. 1876 J. A. Buckingham. THE BAR. NON-RESIDENT LAWYERS. In early times, owing to an almost entire absence of litigation, attorneys found it necessary, if they would gain support from their * Resigned and D. L. Bunn appointed. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 61 practice, to travel with (lie court from one county seat to another. The terms of the court began usually on Monday in one county and on Thursday in the adjoining county ; thus, as the courts held ordinarily but one or two days, it gave the court and attorneys ample time to ride from one county to another. It is a mistake to suppose that the lawyers of that day were lack- ing in legal or intellectual ability. This is far from the truth. On the contrary, the bar comprised men whose names are now house- hold words. Abraham Lincoln, “the world’s most illustrious son,” who began the study of law in Macon county, and Stephen A. Douglas, “the little giant,” both destined to be life-long political opponents, came regularly to Decatur in the practice of the law. Here, too, was heard the surpassingly eloquent voice of E. D. Baker, who commanded an Illinois regiment in the Mexican war, was after- wards a Senator from Oregon, and fell in his country’s service at Ball’s Bluff early in the great war for the Union. Then also came U. F. Linder, witty and eloquent in a marvelous degree, and won high reputation in criminal law and politics. Here, too, practiced Josiah Lamborn, at one time State’s attorney for the district. An able lawyer, and in the estimation of lawyers who conducted a defence, a very dangerous prosecutor. Another lawyer who came regularly to Decatur in practice of his profession was Benjamin S. Edwards, of Sangamon, who had high legal ability and reputation. Still another was Johu A. McDougall, who held the office of State’s attorney from 1844 to 1847 inclusive, a man of varied and brilliant attainments. He went west and became a United States Senator from California. Still others were Leonard Swett, the friend of Lincoln, who now stands at the head of the Chicago bar ; and Hon. O. B. Ficklin, of Coles, who represented his district in Congress for many years ; a well-read lawyer, whose mind is a vast storehouse of recollection and anecdote of the early history of the state and of her mighty dead. Yet another was Hon. John T. Stewart, a native of Kentucky, and a lawyer of first-class ability. He ran against Douglas in 1830 for Congress, and defeated him. William L. I). Ewing, of Vandalia, was another attendant. He was a good lawyer and a very accomplished gentleman, of fine social qualities, and of unusual grace and dignity of demeanor. Still another was Judge Horatio Vandeveer, of Christian county. He had a large practice, and inherited a vigorous and capacious intellect Judge Davis was another attorney who practiced here, but of him we have spoken in another section of this chapter. FORMER RESIDENT LAWYERS. Kirby Benedict came from the state of his nativity, Connecticut, in March, 1836, and settled in Decatur and opened a law office. He was the second resident attorney in the county, Charles Emmer- son being the first. He lived here until 1849, when he removed to Paris, Illinois. In the fall of 1853 he was appointed one of the associate justices of the territory of New Mexico, in which capacity he served for three years, when he was made chief justice, which place he held until removed by Andrew Johnson in 1866. He then engaged again in the practice of the law, and also was editor and proprietor of the New Mexico Union, until his death in 1874. He was a man of ability, and w T as distinguished for his fine literary taste, and for his great power as a popular orator. George W. Powers was admitted to the bar in 1843, and died in the fall of 1848. He possessed a superior literary education, and was exceedingly polished in his bearing ; both honorable and cultured in the highest degree. He came from Mobile, Alabama, and w’as a member of the Illinois Senate before he began practice. Sheridan Wait in 1852 became a resident of Decatur, and formed a co-partnership with Charles Emmerson, and afterward with Richard J. Oglesby. He was well read, and a very safe counsellor, lie was General Oglesby’s Adjutant-General during the war, and had held the office of canal commissioner. He died in Leadville, Colorado, and was buried in Decatur. Col. Nathan W. Tupper was born in Washington county, New York. When about twenty years of age he moved with his father to Wisconsin, where he taught school and engaged in farming. He read law in that state, and in 1854 removed to Decatur, where he at once took high rank at the bar. In 1862 the 116th Regiment of Illinois Volunteers were raised and mustered into the service, and Mr. Tupper was commissioned its colonel. The record of Col. Tupper ’s regiment, which consisted almost entirely of Macon county boys, is exceptionally brilliant ; and its gallant commander won high reputation for capability and bravery as its officer. Col. Tupper died of disease, induced by hard- ship and exposure, at Decatur, March 10th, 1864. Col. Tupper was a very strong, able lawyer, had no superior at the bar, and was a high-minded and honorable gentleman in all things. Ansil Tupper was a brother of Col. Tupper, whom he equalled in intellectual power and knowledge of law. He was hasty and im- pulsive in temper and disposition, and his passions were strong; but, nevertheless, he was highly popular. He entered the army, and was Lieut.-Col. of the 41st Illinois Volunteers, and fell at the head of his regiment at Shiloh. Eleazar Thorpe, now a resident of Chariton, Iowa, was a well- read lawyer of strong native talent for his profession. He was ad- mitted to practice in 1854. James P- Boyd was a native of Ohio, and his early manhood was spent in teaching. He was well-educated, and a man of pure cha- racter. He was admitted to the bar in this state. He became a resident of this county in 1855, and was soon after his arrival elected county-surveyor. In 1860 he was elected prosecuting attor- ney, and served as such until 1862, when he resigned to enter the service as Lieut.-Col. of the 116th Regiment of Illinois Volunteers. At the siege of Vicksburg he was shot through the lungs, but re- covered. He went to New Orleans at the close of the war and practiced his profession there. He returned to Decatur, where he died from the effects of his wound in 1869. He was a diligent stu- dent of law. Hon. Jolm R. Eden, of Sullivan, resided in this county for a short time. He is a strong man and an able lawyer, widely known in political circles, and has represented his district in Congress a number of times. John W. Smith, now a member of the bar in Chicago, was born in this county, February, 1843. He graduated at the Albany Law- School in New York, and began practice here as junior member of the firm of Emmerson & Smith. He is well known in the county as the author of a history of Macon county. He is a man of fair education and versatility of talent, and a w r ell-read lawyer. PRESENT MEMBERS OF THE BAR. Undiscriminating praise is worthless, and empty adulation is out of place in speaking of the dead, much more when speaking of the living. Refined and sensible men place, justly, a light estimate upon either. It can be truthfully said, however, that the Macon county bar is able and worthy. It comprises young men of promise and ambition, and those who have attained great eminence in a difficult and honorable profession, and whose history is an incen- tive to those who are to follow them. We speak of the members of the bar as nearly as possible in the order of time they began practice in this county. Capt. Joel S. Post, the oldest practitioner of the Macon county 62 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. bar, was born in Wayne county, New York, April 27th, 1816. In 1828 his father emigrated to Michigan territory. Here Mr. Post remained with his father until his twenty-third year. In 1839 he removed to Decatur, and in the next year began the study of law in the office of Charles Emmerson, and in 1841 he was admitted and began practice. In 1846 he enlisted for the Mexican war in the 4th Regiment Illinois Volunteers, Col. E. D. Baker commanding. He was soon appointed quartermaster, with the rank of captain. In 1856 he was elected to represent his district in the State Senate, and served two sessions. During his term of service he was mainly instrumental in securing the passage of the law establishing the State Normal University at Normal, Illinois. Caj)t. Post is noted for his kindness of heart, and few men have more warm friends than he. His kindness to young attorneys be- ginning practice is proverbial. He has the respect and esteem of the community in which he has lived so long ; is a good lawyer, safe as a counsellor, and strong as an advocate ; and has enjoyed a good practice. His assistance in the preparation of this chapter, as well as other parts of the work, has been of especial value and is gratefully appreciated. A. B. Bunn is a native of Ohio. In 1844 he came to Illinois, and settled at Mt. Pulaski. After residing there four years he went to Iowa city, and in ’49 began there the study of the law in the office of Gilbert Folson. In July, 1850, he moved to Decatur, and entering the office of Capt. Joel S. Post continued his prepara- tion for his profession, frequently conducting cases in the courts of justices of the peace. In September, 1851, he went to Bloomington and applied for examination to Judge David Davis, circuit judge. Judge Davis appointed Charles Emmerson, C. H. Moore, and David Campbell as a committee to examine him. Mr. Emmerson, who had frequently contested law points with him in the justices’ courts, and who held a high opinion of his ability, gave it as his belief that the young man was worthy of his license, and thus vouched for, he was granted his license to practice without exami- nation. Mr. Bunn was elected to the legislature in 1866. He has held the office of assessor of internal revenue, which he resigned, and has also served the city of Decatur as its attorney and clerk. He is a thoroughly educated lawyer, and one of the best special pleaders ever at the bar. Master of his profession, he is equally strong before a jury and the court. His standing for many years in his profession has been high. S. G. Malone, a native of Ohio, studied for his jjrofession in In- diana, where he was admitted to the bar in 1848. He pursued the practice of law in Vermilion county of that state for seven years, — four years of that period filling the office of prosecuting attorney. He came to Macon county in 1856, and settled in Decatur, forming a co-partnership with William S. Freese, a highly respected and popular young man. Judge Prather was not long after taken into the firm, and Mr. Freese soon thereafter retired Mr. Malone is a careful, pains-taking lawyer, and a very safe counsellor. Hon. Richard J. Oglesby, was born in Kentucky in 1824. He came to Decatur with his uncle, Willis Oglesby, in 1836. In 1844 he began the study of law in Springfield, and in 1845 was admitted to the bar. He opened an office in Sullivan and remained there until the spring of 1846, when he volunteered in the Mexican War, and was commissioned 1st Lieutenant in Company C. 4th regt. 111. volunteers. On his return he resumed practice, this time in Decatur, but in 1849 went to California in search of a fortune. In 1852 he returned and again resumed his profession. In 1856 he made a tour of Europe, Asia and Africa, and returning, became one of the firm of Gallagher, Wait and Oglesby. In 1860 he was elected to the State Senate. In 1861 he was elected Colonel of the 8th Illinois infantry. At the battle of Ft. Donelson he was in command of a brigade. He received, at Corinth, as a memento of rebel affection, an ounce ball in his body which he still retains. He had been promoted Brigadier-general in April. After partial recovery he was promoted to major-general, for valiant services, his commission dating from Nov. 1862. Owing to inability to perform the duties of his position from the effect of his wound, he tendered his resignation in July, 1863, which was not accepted, and he was detailed on court-martial duty at Washington. In May, 1864, he returned home and was elected Governor of Illinois. In 1872 he was re-elected to that office, but resigned on being elected to the Senate of the United States in 1873. Senator Oglesby is a man of great natural ability, and had he devoted himself exclusively to the law there is no question but that he would have attained as great eminence in that profession as he has reached in military and political circles. His popularity is great, and his oratorical powers are of a high order. His fame as a soldier and orator and statesman is national, and the citizens of Macon county, irrespective of party, are proud of his achievements. D. L. Bunn was born in McLean- county, 111., in 1837, and in 1855 became a citizen of Macon county. He read law in the office of Capt. Post, in Decatur, and in the fall of 1862 was granted license to practice. The same year he was appointed pros- ecuting attorney by Gov. Yates, to fill out the unexpired term of James P. Boyd. In 1864 he was elected by the people to the same office, and served out his term of four years. He received his literary education at Lombard University. Hugh Crea, one of the leading members of the Macon county bar, was born near Port Hope, Canada West. His father was a man of education, and was influential in the establishment of a good system of schools in Canada. Mr. Crea left home before he reached his majority, and came to the United States. He subse- quently read law and was admitted to the bar in Indiana, but on account of poor health made no attempt till 1860 or 1861, when he came to Illinois. He opened an office in Decatur in the fall of 1862, and soon acquired a large and profitable practice. Among his prominent characteristics as a lawyer is a thorough knowledge of the common law. He possesses a mind of superior logical powers. For the last few years in connection with a general practice, he has devoted considerable attention to railroad law, in which he has been very successful. Iv. H. Roby was born in the State of New Hampshire, and came to Illinois in 1858. He first made his home at Salem, Marion co. There he became a student of law in the office of Bryan and Shaffer. He removed to Decatur in 1860, and continued his preparation for practice in the office of Tupper and Nelson. He passed the required examination, and was admitted to the bar in 1862. After Col. Tupper went into the army, he was associated in practice with Judge Nelson, and remained in partnership with him until his elevation to the bench. Mr. Roby is unassuming and gentlemanly in his bearing, and is an able lawyer and safe coun- sellor. Samuel F. Greer, who has filled the office of county judge con- tinuously since 1861, is a native of Ohio. He came to Decatur in 1854, and studied his profession here. He was admitted to practice in January, 1862, but his time has been mostly occupied with his official duties. He has been a member of the board of education and has represented his ward in the city council. Mr. Greer is honest and upright, and discharges the duties of his office most creditably. His knowledge of real estate law is very thorough. J. A. Buckingham, the present prosecuting attorney, was born in Hamilton county, Ohio, in July, 1840. He attended Farmer’s HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS . G3 College, Ohio, and then read law in the office of Tilden and Caldwell, in Cincinnati. He was admitted to the bar in April, 1863, and in September of the same year came to Decatur. He entered into a co-partnership with Capt J. S. Post, and has practiced his profession here, since. He has held the office of city attorney for four years, and in 1876 was elected to the office he now fills. Mr. Buckingham possesses a strong intellect, and is conceded to be a very able lawyer. He has by study and untiring applica- tion won his way to the front in his profession. Brice I. Sterrett, of Decatur, was born in Pennsylvania, and was educated, classically, at Dickinson College, at Carlisle, graduating in class of ’67. In July of that year he began the study of law in Carlisle, and in the fall of the same year moved West, and settled in Decatur. Here he entered the office of Emmerson and Smith, and continued his studies until Aug. 1868, when he was granted license to practice. Since that time he has been a member of this bar. After the death of Judge Emmerson he was associated for two years with John W. Smith. He belongs yet among the junior members of the bar ; is a well-read lawyer, and an honorable, high-minded gentleman. Thomas Lee is a native of county Limerick, Ireland, and emi- grated therefrom in 1855. Until 1860 he lived in New Jersey. In that year he removed to Springfield, Illinois, and graduated in the High School of that city. He studied law in Decatur, in the office of Hon. F. S. Murphy, and in Aug. 1869, was admitted to the bar. Mr. Lee is a man of great industry ; manages his cases skillfully, and is a successful practitioner. C. A. Ewing Avas born in “ old Kentucky,” and moved to Illinois in 1850. He attended the Albany Law School, graduating in 1869. The same year he began his career at this bar. He is one of the law firm of Crea and Ewing, and devotes himself exclusively to the practice of his profession. He is well-educated, and is an able lawyer and upright man. A. G. Harris, of Macon, was born in New York in 1847. He attended law school at Bloomington, Indiana, and afterwards read in the office of Nelson & Roby, of Decatur. He was admitted to practice in 1870, and opened an office in Macon. His education is fair and his natural abilities are good, and he has read law to good purpose. Edwin Park is a native of New York. He emigrated to Illinois in 1856, and settling in Bellville, began in 1857 the study of law. He was admitted in 1858, but engaged in teaching for a year in St. Clair county. In 1860 he came to Macon county, and taught in the Decatur schools until elected county superintendent, which office he filled for six years. It Avas in January, 1870, that he be- gan practice in this county. Mr. Park is an honorable man, well- read in the books, and a safe lawyer. W. C. Johns was born in Ohio, but came to Illinois in 1849, when very young. He was graduated from the literary depart- ment of Michigan University in 1869 and from the Albany Law School in 1870. In the fall of the same year he opened an office in Decatur and began practice. Mr. Johns possesses energy and pluck. He is intellectual, ambitious, and successful in practice E. K. Eldridge was born in Indiana and moved to Illinois in 1856, settling first in Tazewell county. He attended Eureka Col- lege and completed the course of study in 1869. He began the study of law in Livingston county, and was admitted to the bar at the January term, 1870. His first experience in practice was gained in Fairbury, Livingston county. In May, 1870, he removed to Decatur, and has since been a member of the Macon county bar. Mr. Eldridge has a vigorous mind, and ranks among his brethren as a good lawyer. William T. Coussins is a native of Ohio, and was prepared for college at Miller Academy of that state. In the fall of 1862 he came to Illinois. In the fall of next year he entered Eureka Col- lege and was graduated in the classical course in June, 1869. The same year he began in the office of Bunn & Bunn, in Decatur, the study of law, and at the spring term of the supreme court 1871, he was duly licensed to practice. He first opened an office in Maroa, hut after six months returned to Decatur. He has done service in the schools of the state, having been principal of the Bement public schools. He was tutor of Latin during his last two years at college, and one year was in charge of Harristown Aca- demy. He has been a diligent student of the principles of law. Josiah M. Clokey is an Ohioan by birth, and in 1869 came to Aledo, Mercer county, 111. He studied law previously in Spring- field, Ohio, and attended lectures in the law department of Michi- gan University. He was admitted to practice at March term, 1868, and after one year’s practice in his native state, came, as above stated, to Illinois. In September, 1873, he became a mem- ber of the bar of Macon county. Mr. Clokey understands the law, and is a gentleman of capacity and character and enjoys a fair share of the practice. I. D. Walker was born in Ohio, and in 1861 came to Illinois, settling first in McDonough county. From thence he removed to Piatt county. He was a member of the first class (that of ’75) that graduated at the Bloomington Law School. He came to Macon county the same year and began practice at Maroa, but the next year became a resident of Decatur. A few days before his gradua- tion at the law school he had been admitted to the bar on examination before the supreme court. He is in partnership with Thomas Lee. Mr. Walker is upright and ambitious. His ideal of what a lawyer should be is high, and he understands the value of time and the necessity of labor. J. C. Hostettler is a native of Indiana, who moved to Decatur in 1857. He was educated at Union College, New York, graduating in the class of 1871. He read law in the office of Eden & Odor, and was on examination by supreme court, found worthy, and admitted to practice in January, 1875. He formed a copartnership with Mr. E. K. Eldridge, and at once entered upon the practice of his profession. These gentlemen associated the distinguished Judge Thornton with them in November, 1879. Mr. Hostettler has good intellectual ability and is considered a safe and good business lawyer. U. C. Outten is a native of this state. He came from Cass to Macon county in 1853, and since has resided here. He was gra- duated from the law department of Michigan University in 1875, was granted license the same year, and began practice in Decatur. He is promising and determined to rise high in his profession, to which he devotes all his energies. John A. Brown was born in Massachusetts. He came to Macon county in 1865 and engaged in school-teaching. Afterwards he was for a period of three years connected with the press. Mr. Brown, after due preparation, was admitted to the bar in 1876. In 1873 he was appointed master-in-chancery, which office he still holds, having been appointed for three consecutive terms. He makes the chancery branch of the law a specialty. He possesses a keen, incisive intellect, and has studied his profession diligently. Edward P. Yail Avas born in this state, and studied for his pro- fession at Rushville during the years ’68 and ’69, and his license to practice Avas granted him the next year. After admission to the bar he began practice at Rushville, Avhere he remained for seven years, four years of which time he held the office of public prose- cutor for Schuyler county. In 1877 his name AA 7 as enrolled on the 64 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. list of attorneys of this county. His perceptive faculties are excel- lent ; his command of language first-rate ; and he is an honorable gentleman in all things. Albert G. Webber is of German extraction, having been born in Wurtemburg. He emigrated to this country in 1863. He read law for four years at Keokuk, Iowa, and then applying for exami- nation was admitted to the bar in November, 1879. He is in part- nership with Mr. A. Brown, and is especially fond of the common-, law practice. Mr. Webber has a strong intellect, and is bound to rise in his calling. He is highly energetic and ambitious. A. R. Arbuckle, whose name yet remains on the list of attorneys, but who has decided to abandon the law for journalism, is a native of Ohio ; studied law in the office of Gen. Ira J. Bloomfield, and in June, 1871, became a member of the Macon county bar. He is now engaged in editing The Tomahawk. Mr. Arbuckle when in practice was known as a logical reasoner and an effective advocate. Zach. T. Hundley was born in the Old Dominion, came to Illinois in 1869, and became a resident of Macon county in 1871. He is a graduate of the law dejiartment of Wesleyan University, class of ’77. He was admitted to practice, on his diploma, at the June term of the Supreme Court of the same year, and in July opened an office in Maroa. He removed to Decatur in June, 1879> and in October of the same year formed a co-partnership with the eminent lawyer, Judge Nelson. Mr. Hundley has good intellectual ability, and attends carefully to business intrusted to his care. He promises to become an excellent lawyer. I. R. Mills is a native of Illinois. He attended Lincoln Univer- sity, and graduated at that institution in 1876. He read law in Chicago in the office of Dent & Black. In May, 1879, he was ad- mitted to practice. He is in partnership with Josiah M. Clokey. Mr. Mills is well-educated and attentive to business. David Hutchison was brought up in Andover, Mass., and was prepared for college at Phillip’s University in that place. He came west in 1870 ; attended the Albany Law School, from which he was graduated May 15th, 1877. On July 25th of the same year he began practice as an attorney at the Macon county bar. Mr. Hut- chison is yet a young man, being but twenty-six years of age. He possesses legal ability and scholarship. Judge Anthony Thornton, of Decatur, one of the ablest and most widely known lawyers and jurists in Illinois, was born in Kentucky in 1815. He attended college at Danville for a time, and then be- came a student at Miami College, Ohio. From this institution he was graduated in 1835. He began the study of law at Paris, Ken- tucky, and received his license from the Court of Appeals in 1836. The next year he moved to Illinois, settled in Shelby county, and began practice. He was a member of the Constitutional Conven- tion of 1848. In 1850 he was elected a member of the legislature. Three or four sessions were held of this body, it being a period of great excitement about railroads, and charters were granted to the Illinois Central and to east and west lines. In 1864 Mr. Thornton was elected to the 39th Congress, and at the close of his term de- clined a proffered renomination. In July, 1870, he was elected to the Supreme Court of this state, and served until the first Monday in June, 1873, when he resigned his seat. He removed to Decatur in November, 1879. Judge Thornton is a man of great indepen- dence of spirit, of vast and accurate knowledge of the law, a strong advocate, and one of the ablest jurists that ever sat upon the Supreme Bench of Illinois. His practice is very large and lucra- tive, and he is conceded to be the ablest lawyer in this section of the state. He is unaffected in manner, and in all things gentlemanly. Charles A. Shirley, now practicing at Blue Mound, is a native of Logan county, Illinois. He entered Lincoln University in the fall of 1869, and graduated June 5th, 1873, as bachelor of science. In August, 1873, Mr. Shirley began the study of law in the office of Hon. William B. Jones, of Lincoln, Illinois, where he continued until the summer of 1875. In the autumn of ’75 he became a stu- dent at the Albany Law School at Albany, N. Y., and graduated as LL. B. May 8th, 1876, the class numbering 97. On the 18th of the same month he was licensed to practice by the Supreme Court of New York, and on the 3d of February, 1877, he was granted a license by the Supreme Court of Illinois. Mr. Shirley does a gen- eral law and collection business, devoting special attention to settle- ment of estates, war claims, and chancery practice. D. C. Corley received his literary education at Wesleyan Univer- sity, Bloomington, where he was graduated in due course. He read law for a time in Shelbyville, and then moving to Decatur completed his preparatory studies in the office of A. B. Bunn. He was admitted in June, 1880, and is one of the promising young men of the bar. Harry B. Durfee was born in Decatur, and is a graduate of its High School. He read law in the office of Clay & Ewing, and at the June term of the Supreme Court was admitted to the bar. He possesses energy and ambition, and will succeed. W. H. Williamson, of Maroa, studied for his profession first in Ohio, where for one year he was a student in the office of Charles W. Anderson, of Greeneville, Darke county. He then attended the law department of Michigan University, where, on the 27th of March, 1879, he received the degree of L L.B. The same spring he became a member of the bar of Michigan. On the 14th of January, 1880, he was admitted to practice in Illinois. He attended school for nearly three years at Lebanon, Ohio, before studying law, and in 1877 took the degree of B. S. His favorite branches are crimi- nal and real-estate law. He is well-read and unassuming. Harvey Pasco became a resident of this county in 1862. He began the study of law in an office, and then entered as a student the Chicago Law School. He afterwards entered the law depart- ment of Michigan University, was graduated in 1871, and shortly thereafter opened an office in Decatur. Mr. Pasco is an enterpris- ing and diligent lawyer. Harry Crea, who has lately been admitted to practice, is the son of Hugh Crea. He is young, but promises to make a good lawyer. J. C. Lake and E. S. McDonald, members of the bar, residing in Decatur, have failed, although requested so to do, to furnish any materials for a sketch, and hence can only be mentioned. This completes the chapter on the Bench and Bar. It has been the object and wish of the publishers to make it full and accurate, and to do justice to all. CHAPTER XI. TIIE PRESS. BY D. MACKENZIE. THE WEEKLY GAZETTE, CHRONICLE, DEMOCRAT, HERALD, MAGNET TRI- BUNE, MAGNET AND TRIBUNE, DECATUR TRIBUNE COMPANY, DAILY EMPRISE, DECATUR TRIBUNE, REPUBLICAN, MAROA TIMES, THE TABLET, MAROA TRIBUNE, MAROA NEWS, MAROA BUDGET, THE MESSENGER, DECATUR DEMOCRAT, PIKES’ DEMOCRAT, SUNBEAM, DECATUR REVIEW, MACON TRIBUNE, NIANTIC HERALD, WEEKLY SUN, TIMES, WHIP AND SPUR, TEMPERANCE BUGLE, SUN, DEMOCRATIC ERA, SATURDAY HERALD, TOMAHAWK, YARDSTICK, ZIETUNG, ILLINOIS VOLKSBLAT. HE history of printing dates back to the fifteenth century. Its discovery was like that of all great industries, the result of an accident. No long research or great study upon any one subject, evolved one great industry, or one grand original idea. It was while searching through the caverns of science and groping in its dark chambers that men HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. Go have stumbled upon new discoveries, that when brought out and held up to the intellectual light of the age, and practical thought, had had time to surround it with patient investigation ; then the discovery took shape, utility, and became an industry. The dis- covery of printing was made by Laurentius Coster while rambling through the forests contiguous to his native city of Haerlern. To fill an idle hour he cut some letters on the bark of a birch tree. Lying down to sleep he wrapped his handiwork in a piece of paper. Dampened by the atmospheric moisture, the paper wrapped about the bark had taken an impression of the characters, and Coster saw on the paper inverted images of what he had cut on the bark. The phenomenon was suggestive, because it led to experiments that resulted in the establishment of a printing office, the first of its kind in that old Dutch town. In this office John Gutenburg served a faithful and appreciative apprenticeship, and from it at the death of his master absconded during a Christmas festival, taking with him a considerable portion of type and apparatus. Gutenburg settled in Mentz, where he won the friendship and partnership of John Faust, a man of sufficient means to place the enterprise on a secure financial basis. Several years later the partnership was dis- solved because of a misunderstanding. Gutenburg then formed a partnership with a younger brother, who had set up an office at Strasburg, but had not been successful, and becoming involved in lawsuits, had fled from that city to join his brother at Mentz. These brothers were the first to use metal types Faust, after his dissolution with Gutenburg took into partnership Peter Schceffer, one of his servants, and an ingenious printer. Schceffer privily cut matrices for the whole alphabet, and when he showed his mas- ter the type cast from these matrices, Faust was so much pleased that he gave Schceffer his only daughter in marriage. These are the great names in the early history of printing, and each is worthy of special honor. Coster’s discovery of wood blocks or plates, on which the pages to be printed were engraved, w is made some time between 1440 and 1450, and Schoeffer’s im- provements, casting the type by means of matrices, were made about 1456. For a long time printing was dependent upon the most clumsy apparatus. The earliest press had a contrivance for running the forms under the point of pressure by means of a screw. When the pressure had been supplied, the screw was loosened, the form with- drawn, and the sheet removed. Improvements upon these crude beginnings have been made from time to time, until the hand- presses now in use are models of simplicity, durability and execu- tion. In 1814 steam was first applied to cylinder presses by Frede- rick Koniger. Saxon genius and the subsequent progress of steam printing have been so remarkable as almost to justify a feeling in the final perfection of this wonderful art. Indeed, to appreciate the improvements which have been made in presses only, one should have stood by while the pressman operated the clumsy machine of Gutenburg, and then, if possible, have stepped into one of the well-appointed printing offices of our larger cities, where he could notice the roll of dampened paper entering the jaws of the great power presses, a continuous sheet, and issuing from it as printed newspapers, cut, pasted and folded ready for the carrier, mail or express. It would be interesting to trace more minutely the history of this great art from its humble origin in Haerlern through all succes- sive stages to the present, and to classify its products whereby “tongues are known, knowledge groweth, judgment increaseth, books are dispersed, the Scriptures read, stories be opened, times be compared, and all through the benefit of printing.” For near a thousand years prior to its introduction, mankind had been sur- 9 rounded with the densest ignorance the world has ever known. Teutonic barbarians had swept over fair Italy, sacked her capital, and despised her civilization, as unworthy even the indulgence of men dependent upon muscle and sword for empire and liberty. Vandalism had been christened, and had mocked the wisdom of philosophers, while destroying and defacing the master-pieces of Grecian and Roman sculpture and architecture. Attila, the “Scourge of God,” at the head of vast Tartar hordes from Asiatic steppes had traversed the Roman Empire, spreading dismay and disaster, until checked at the fierce battle of Chalons. Omar had burned the great Alexandrian library, after declaring that if its volumes agreed with the Koran they were needless, if they con- flicted they were pernicious. During this period feudalism had kept the noble at war with his sovereign, had unsettled governments, and made men soldiers with scarcely time for necessary practice at arms; amusements were popular only, as they contributed to mar- tial prowess, and poetry in the main was but a minstrel’s doggerel concerning the chivalrous deeds of a listening Knight, or the wonderful charms of a favorite mistress. Pepin had humbled the Long Beards, and had laid the keys of their cities at the feet of the Holy Father. From the fall of Rome there had been but little talent and time to cultivate letters. A few ecclesiastics scattered here and there were the custodians of the learning saved from the wrecks of Grecian and Roman knowledge. The masses were igno- rant. They believed the hand which commonly held the sword would be disgraced if trained to wield the pen. Books were for the monks’ cell or anchorite’s cave, and the objective jioints of all study were to escape purgatory, to cast a horoscope to turn the baser metals into gold. Superstition, priestcraft and thirst for material renown moulded public acts and private training. Piety was best shown in pilgrimages to the Holy Sepulchre. When the dust-stained devotees became objects of Turkish contempt and per- secution, all Europe rushed to the rescue. 'While war destroys and demoralizes, not infrequently it pre- pares the way for beneficent reformations. The Crusades broke the power of feudalism, dispelled mucb geographical ignorance by making neighboring nations acquainted, gave an impetus to com- mercial enterprise, awakened the sluggish intellect, enlarged the human mind and rendered it more tolerant, introduced the luxu- ries and refinements of the Greek empire, and brought about magna chartas and free cities. With the expanding and increas- ing commerce, arts came to the front, trades flourished and practice began to test precept. The middle classes, whose condition ever determines the character of an era or nation, obtained concessions and rights to which they had been strangers for centuries. The mental world began to move. Famous journeys and discoveries were made. Bacon and Schwartz studied the chemistry of the Arabs, and were among the first devotees at the shrine of physical science. Wycliffe translated the Bible iuto the English vernacu- lar. Spain, Italy, the Netherlands and England, sought new out- lets for their surplus products of the soil, loom and fisheries. Men- tal darkness can make no continued stand against such enterprise as will ever find an exponent to herald its doings from nation to nation, and a medium to make its conquests the property of suc- ceeding generations. Europe was in a commercial and intellectual ferment when Coster set up his printing press in Haerlern, and in- augurated an art until then unknown. The world was ready for the newspaper. To understand the effect of this invention upon humanity, compare the enlightenment, civilization and progress of the present with the superstition, semi-barbarism, and mental stagna- tion of the middle ages. Printing is rolling back ignorance, vice and degradation, unfolding the mysteries of nature, and explaining 6G HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. the mandates of Him who made man in His own image, and ex- pects the homage of the creature due the Creator. The Romans in the time of the emperors had periodical notices of passing events, compiled and distributed. These Acta diurna or daily events Mere the newspaper of that age. In 1536 the first newspaper of modern times M'as issued at Venice, but governmental bigotry compelled its circulation in manuscript form. In 1663 the Public Intelligencer was published at London, and is credited with being the first English paper to attempt the dissemination of gen- eral information. The first American neM’spaper, was the Boston News Letter, whose first issue was made April 24th, 1704. It w r as a half sheet, twelve inches by eight, with turn columns to the page. John Campbell, the postmaster, Mas the publisher. The Boston Gazette made its first appearance December 21st, 1719, and the American Weekly, at Philadelphia, December 22d, 1719. In 1776 the number of neM’spapers published in the colonies M’as thirty- seven. In 1828 this number had increased to eight hundred and fifty-two, and at the present time not less than ten thousand news- papers are supported by our people. Journalism, by which is meant the compiling of passing public events, for the purpose of making them more generally known and instructive has become a powerful educator. Experience has been its only school for special training, its only text for study, its only test for theory. It is scarcely a profession, but is advancing rapidly toM’ards that dignity. A distinct department of literature has been assigned to it. Great editors are writing into biographies, and formulating their methods and opinions : historians are rescuing from oblivion the every-day life of deceased journalists. Reprints of brilliant productions, such as the letters of Junius, are furnish- ing models. Interviews with famous journalists, touching the different phases of their profession, are deemed worthy of publication in book form. Leading universities have contemplated the inauguration of courses of study, specially designed to fit men and women for the duties of the neM’spaper sanctum. These innovations are not untimely, since no other class of men is so powerful for good or evil as editors. More than any other class they mould public opinion while expressing it; for, most men but echo the sentiments of favorite journalists. Even statesmen, ministers and learned pro- fessors not infrequently get their best thoughts from the papers they read. For dates and facts relating to the early history of the press of Macon county, we are indebted to Messrs. Hamsher and Mosser and W. J. Usrey, who have kindly placed at our disposal careful and correct records and files which have supplied us with a great amount of information necessary to this article. We also desire to extend our thanks to L. M. AndreM's, Hon. S. S. Jack, J. A. BroM’n, H. B. Funk, of Monticello, Shoaff Bros, of Paris, 111., A. R. Arbuckle, W. II. Addis, Dr. Chenowith, T. O’Banion, John J. H. Young and others, for kindness shown and information given, which has enabled us to trace the history of the press of Macon county, from the first appearance of the Gazette, in June, 1851, down to the present time, and present it in such a form as we hope will be acceptable to our readers. Previous to the establishing of a newspaper in Macon county, the people were dependent upon the St. Louis Republican and Spring- field papers for information from the outside world. In the spring of 1851 James Shoaff, a resident of Pekin, Illinois, came on a visit to Decatur. He returned home, packed up his printing office, placed it in a wagon and brought it here, set up the press, and arranged the material, and on the 26th day of June, 1851, the first issue of the first paper published within the borders of Macon county made its appearance. It was called THE DECATUR M’EEKLY GAZETTE. It is somewhat difficult at this distant day to imagine the enthu- siasm with which the Gazette's first appearance Mas greeted. The necessity for an organ Mas seen at once. It was needed to speak for the county, for its agricultural resources, for its flattering promises of future greatness, for its rights and privileges as an organized member of a great state. The country was then sparsely settled, and journalism Mas in its infancy. That the surrounding counties might reap the benefits of the paper located here, agents were appointed to receive subscriptions for it in Bloomington, Pekin, Leroy, Sullivan, Clinton, Shelbyville, Urbana, Springfield, Jacksonville, Monticello, Mt. Pulaski, Charleston and Taylorville, In a short time a good list of subscribers was obtained. For a while the Decatur Gazette furnished the above places with foreign and home ngu'S. James Shoaff was editor and proprietor. The paper was printed in the west room of the “ Son’s Hall.” It w r as an eight column folio, neutral in politics. The subscription price was $1.50 if paid within the year, and $2.00 if paid at the end of the year. Terms of advertising were : half column $18.00 per year ; M’hole column $28.00. It was neatly printed and well patronized. Mr. Shoaff continued the publication of the Gazette until November 1st, 1856, when he sold the office to A. J. Davis and Isaac N. Underwood. The latter gentleman soon retired from the paper and M’as succeeded by James P. Boyd. After Davis and Underwood purchased the paper they converted it into the Demo- cratic organ of the county. The politics of the paper remained the same until the breaking out of the late war, when it espoused the cause of the Republican party, or at least supported all measures for the vigorous prosecution of the war, and suppression of the rebellion. The office remained in the possession of Davis until 1864, when he sold it to Lewis Cass, who took in as a partner J. J. Strong, a practical printer. It remained in the hands of Cass and Strong until July 11th, 1865, when the good-will and subscription lists M’ere sold to W. J. Usrey, of the Chronicle, and from that date it was known as the Gazette and Chronicle. The material was sold and shipped to parties in Rockford, Illinois. In order to trace the further history of the paper it is necessary to go back to 1855. The second journalistic venture in Macon county M’as made by Charles H. Wingate and William J. Usrey. The latter had determined as early as 1851 to start a paper in Decatur, but before he had time to mature his plans, James Shoaff founded the Gazette. At that time there was not room nor support for tM T o newspapers ; therefore, Mr. Usrey, for the time being, abandoned the enterprise. Mr. Wingate had formerly owned a printing office in New Hampshire, which he had sold to parties on deferred payments. They failing to meet their payments the office reverted to Wingate, who brought some of the type to Decatur, and together M’itli Mr. Usrey added other material, purchased a press, and started the ILLINOIS STATE CHRONICLE. The first issue was made on February third, 1855. It M'as a seven column folio. The partnership of Wingate and Usrey continued until June ninth, 1855, when Wingate retired and Usrey became editor and proprietor. The Chronicle politically reflected the sentiments of the anti-Nebraska party. The Re- publican party had not yet come into existence. The political mission of the paper was to unite the remnants of the Old Line Whig and Know Nothing parties and all other opposition to the Democratic party on one common platform. For this work Mr. Usrey was eminently qualified. The Chronicle continued under his management until August twenty-two, 1861, M’hen he enlisted in the HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 67 thirty-fifth regiment, Illinois volunteers, and was appointed adjutant. The office was leased to Messrs. Hamsher and Mosser, who contin- ued the publication until August seventh, 18G2, after which the office remained closed until October twelfth, 1863, at which time a partnership in the job printing business was formed between Usrey and J. N. Underwood, Avho .resumed the publication of the Chroni- cle April twenty-sixth, 1864. Underwood retired from the firm July twelfth of the same year. On the eleventh of July, 1865, the consolidation of the GAZETTE AND CHRONICLE took place. Mr. Usrey continued the publication until August tenth, 1871, when the office was closed out, W. L. Hammer be- coming the purchaser. The material afterward became part of the Tribune office. In the campaign of 1856 the Chronicle had been printed daily, five huudred copies of which had been circulated gratuitously. In 1868 the Daily Chronicle was again commenced. The Gazette com- menced a daily issue in 1856, but could not compete with the gra- tuitous circulation of the Daily Chronicle, and in a short time aban- doned the enterprise. Mr. Usrey, who was an experienced printer, was born in Natchez, and learned the printer’s trade in Vidalia, Louisiana. He came to Illinois in 1843, and may be placed among the pioneer newspaper men of this State. He is a man of good native ability, and possesses much political information, which renders him well qualified for newspaper work. The Chronicle took a conspicuous part in the organization and formation of the Republican party. It took an advanced position in the great cause of freedom and human rights, and maintained it until the curse of slavery was overthrown and driven out of the land. As a writer of polished articles he was clear, concise and vigorous. THE DECATUR DEMOCRAT. In 1856 the leading Democrats of Macon county concluded to have a newspaper that would reflect their sentiments upon the political questions of the day, and that would more nearly represent their views in the coming campaign than the Gazette, which, to a certain extent, had adhered to its original neu- tral position in politics. The latter occasionally left its neutral ground, and then it was Democratic. A strong, bold, uncompro- mising organ was wanted. With this idea in view they purchased type and a press, and on the fourth of April, 1856, the Democrat made its first appearance. Eli Hosea was the editor. He contin- ued the publication until December sixteenth, 1856, when the office was sold out. Elam Rust, by N. W. Tupper, proxy, became the purchaser. He associated with him his son, George W. Rust, and the name was changed to THE HERALD, the first number of which was issued January second, 1857. The elder Rust died in the early part of that year, and his son con- tinued the paper until the latter part of the following May. When the office was sold in 1857 Mr. Rust purchased it for ninety- eight dollars, the amount of a claim against it. Mr. Prather and Dr. Baldwin, two gentlemen who contributed means towards its original purchase, still had claims upon the office that remained unpaid. This incumbrance was purchased by Dr. W. J. Cheno- weth, who became a part owner of the paper. The firm of Cheno- weth and Rust continued for a short time, when Rust withdrew and James Brent, a practical printer, was given a half interest, or effected an arrangement with Chenoweth, by which he became an equal partner in the profits of the office. In the winter of 1857-58 a difference of opinion arose between the partners as to which wing of the Democracy the Herald should support — Chenoweth being a Douglas Democrat and Brent in opposition. The differences being irreconcilable, Chenoweth sold the office to Milan S. Beckwith, who removed it to Pana, Illinois, and there, with the presses and materi- al of the old Democrat, commenced the publication of the first paper printed in Christian county. The Herald was in forma six column folio ; Brent enlarged it to a seven column, same form. TnE DECATUR MAGNET was founded in 1858. The press and material were purchased of the Cincinnati Type Foundry. P. B. Shepherd and Robert Irwin were the projectors. Irwin remained in the firm but a short time. The twenty-fifth of January, 1859, was the date of the first issue of the Daily Magnet, P. R. Shepherd, publisher; P. B. Shepherd and John Ryan editors, with James Shoaff as local editor. It was a four column folio. When Shepherd and Irwin purchased the office of the Cincinnati Type Foundry, they paid part cash and gave their notes for the balance. When Irwin retired Shepherd assumed all liabilities. The note given for the payment of the office remained unpaid, and in December, 1859, the type foundry closed up the office, and it was sold to Henry C. Bradsby. He assumed the pub- lication of the Magnet, with James Shoaff as editor and manager. In 1861 the office was leased to E. N. Buck and Isaac N. Under- wood. In the latter part of 1862 James Shoaff purchased the office and continued the publication of the paper until March twenty-third, 1868, when he formed a partnership with Major Asa Miller, which continued until February twenty-first, 1871. (Mr. Shoaff issued the daily Magnet, commencing September thirtieth, 1867.) At the latter date he traded his interest in the Magnet for the material and presses of the Democrat office, which he removed to Paris, Illinois, and there commenced the publication of the Gazette. He remained there until his death, which occurred April twelfth, 1874. The Magnet was Democratic in politics from 1862 and during Mr. Shoaff’s connection with it. It is fitting, in the chapter on the Press of Macon county, that some extended mention should be made of the pioneer publisher of the county. Mr. Shoaff was a native of Williamsport, Maryland, and came west at an early age and settled in Paris, Illinois, where he learned the printer’s trade in the office of the Illinois Statesman, and published his first paper, the Owl, in Charleston, in 1843. The year following he went to St. Louis and worked at the case in the Republican office. Thence he went to Greenville, Illinois, and pub- lished a paper. In 1848 he commenced the publication of the Reveille in Bloomington, and from there removed to Pekin, where he published a paper, and removed the office to Decatur, where he commenced, in 1851, the publication of the Gazette. He embarked in the dry goods business, aud failed in 1858, when he went back to journalism. In 1861 he removed to Bement, Piatt county, and commenced the publication of a small paper called the Bement Union, and continued the same for three months, when he raised a company of soldiers for the war, which was afterwards known as company “A” of the 35th regiment, Illinois volunteers, and was elected second Lieutenant. July third, 1861, he enlisted, and re- signed February third, 1862, and returned to Decatur and re- engaged in the printing business, in which he continued until his death. We quote from the Republican of April sixteenth, 1874, which says of him: “He was a remarkable man, and possessed of indomitable energy, and could accomplish as much work in a given time as any man whom we know. Perseverance and industry were his chief traits, and he would tolerate no idlers about him. He had an unbounded faith in himself, and this peculiarity enabled 68 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. him to accomplish what others, with more skill and knowledge, would have deemed impossible. He was not what might be called a good writer, and yet he had the faculty of “getting off” short squibs and locals which though positively not witty or brilliant, seemed to make him famous by reason of their unique character. He was, perhaps, the best known country editor in Illinois. Per- sonally, he was a most genial companion, and had thousands of friends. The Magnet, under the management of Miller & Addis, was con- tinued until its consolidation with the Tribane, which took place June 20th, 1874. In order to trace the history of the Magnet it is necessary to go back to 1872. In March of that year, Mr. A. H. Gorman moved his printing office from Maroa to Decatur, and con- solidated it with the material of the old Gazette and Chronicle office, then in the possession of W. L Hammer. John A. Brown represented Mr. Hammer’s interest, and was local editor of the paper. Mr. Gorman was editor and manager. The first issue of THE DECATUR TRIBUNE was made March 26th, 1872. The paper continued under the same management until June 20th, 1874, when it was consolidated with the Magnet, and was then known as THE MAGNET AND TRIBUNE. The Magnet and Tribune Company was conqiosed of Asa Miller, the former editor of the Magnet, A. H. Gorman, George Sylvester, and IV. L. Hammer, who became a member of the company by virtue of his interest in the Tribune office. Of the new enterprise Asa Miller was chosen editor-in-chief. W. L Hammer retired from the company soon after the consolidation. The Magnet and Tribune was continued as the organ of the Democratic party. The company continued the publication without any further change until March 26th, 1875, when the co-partnership was dissolved, and THE DECATUR TRIBUNE COMPANY formed. The members of the latter were : L. M. Andrews, who hail charge of the editorial department, and was also financial manager; A. II. Corraan, book-keeper and local editor; and Geo. Sylvester, who continued as foreman of the office. Asa Miller re- tired from the firm anil from the printing business in Macon county. He removed to Danville and subsequently to Tuscola. The Decatur Tribune Company continued until May 31st, 1875, when A. H. Gorman sold out his interest to the remaining partners. The firm of Andrews & Sylvester continued the publication until November 9th, 1875, when J. A. Brown, trustee, took possession of the office, the company having defaulted in payment of interest on a trust mortgage of $2,000. Mr. Brown continued the publication of the paper for a few weeks. During this time S. S. Jack per- formed the editorial work. Soon after the foreclosure of the mort- gage, and before the sale of the office, Mr. Sylvester, who held a second mortgage, paid off the first and released the office, and then closed it up. It remained closed, and was sold to S. S. Jack in the latter part of December, 1875. This closes the life and history of the old Magnet and Tribune. The paper was issued as a daily and weekly. The Daily was a seven-column folio, and the Weekly a nine-column same form. Under the management of the Tribune Company the paper was to a slight extent independent in tone, with strong Democratic tendencies. It advocated measures and promul- gated a platform upon which it hoped to unite all the opposition to the Republican party. It was edited with considerable ability, and during its publication the party it represented had no reason to complain of not having their principles and views fairly and ably advocated in Macon county. THE DAILY EMPRISE, No. 1 of Yol. I., appeared September 19th, 1859, Messrs. Buck & Underwood, editors and proprietors. The Emprise was printed in the Chronicle office. It lived but a short time. THE DECATUR TRIBUNE was established in the summer of 1864 by Joseph M. Prior. He, with the assistance of J. D. Hill, purchased the office in Du Quoin, Illinois, and removed it to Decatur. He continued the publication until April, 1865, when I. N. Coltrin, a practical printer, now foreman in the Republican office, became an equal partner in the paper. They continued the Tribune until September, 1865, when they sold it to Burlingame Brothers. They ran the office for some time, with Prior as editor, after which they leased it to two printers by the names of Miller and Williams, who operated it for a few months. The office was then closed up, and remained closed until purchased by W. M. Stanley and J. R. Mosser, who added new material and presses, and started THE DECATUR REPUBLICAN. The first issue was made on the 1st of August, 1867. The firm of Stanley & Mosser continued until October 3d, 1867, when Mr. Stanley sold his interest to B. K. Hamsher. The firm of Hamsher & Mosser was then formed, and has continued from that time to the present. Mr. Stanley removed to Sullivan, Illinois, and was afterward appointed Indian agent, and was acting in that capacity at Los Parios agency during the late Indian troubles in that locality. At present he is editor and publisher of the Champaign Republican, at Champaign, 111. When the Republican closed its first volume the form was changed from an 8-column folio to a 6-column quarto, which it still retains. On the 1st of April, 1872, was commenced the Daily Republican, a 7 -column folio, which has continued without interruption or suspension to the present. It bears upon its pages every evidence of a healthy, paying patronage and good management. The circulation of the weekly Republican is 1,600, and the daily 650. The office is well supplied with im- proved presses, driven by steam, and altogether is one of the best equipped for doing all kinds of job work in central Illinois. As newspaper managers, Messrs. Hamsher A Mosser undoubtedly stand at the head of their profession in Macon county, if not in country journalism in the state. Both are thoroughly experienced in the art of printing, and know the wants of the people. Although situated nearly equi distant from Chicago on the north, and St. Louis on the south, and to some extent overshadowed by the metro- politan press, they have, notwithstanding these disadvantages, made the Daily Republican a necessity to the people of Decatur and vicinity. As a writer of political articles Mr. Mosser is terse and logical, and shows an intimate knowledge of the issues of the day. In politics the Republican has been the recognized organ of the Republican party in central Illinois, and wields an influence second to no other country journal in the state. THE MAROA TIMES. The above-named paper was the first printed in the village oi Maroa. In the winter of 1866-7, T. J. Sharp brought an office to the town, and in the latter part of January, 1867, commenced the publication of the above paper. It was intensely Democratic in tone. Mr. Sharp was a bitter partisan, and somewhat personal and scurrilous in his attacks upon citizens. This course soon brought on between the editor and citizens serious collisions, the last one of which occurred on the 27th of November, 1867, in which Mr. Sharp was knocked down and badly beaten by the enraged people. He was informed that if he had any regard for his personal safety HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 69 he would at once remove his office and family out of town. He complied with this pointed and forcible request, and went to Lincoln, Illinois, where he soon after started the Statesman. After Mr. Sharp’s retirement from the newspaper business in Maroa, James De Lay, a printer from Clinton, Illinois, founded THE TABLET, The first number of which appeared February 1st, 1868. From some cause or other the paper did not receive sufficient encourage- ment to warrant Mr. I)e Lay in continuing the publication, and after a few issues the Tablet was discontinued. In February, 1869, A. H. Corman, a printer in the Chronicle office in Decatur, went to Maroa, and with the assistance of mer- chants and enterprising men, established THE MAROA TRIBUNE, and continued its publication until in March, 1871, when the office was moved to Decatur, and here, in connection with W. L. Ham- mer, he started the Decatur Tribune, of which mention has been made in another part of this chapter. The people of Maroa were without a paper until the 12th of April, 1872, when Henry B. Funk, now of the Monticello Bulle- tin, issued the first number of THE MAROA NEW r S. The News started as a seven column folio, and was subsequently changed to a six column quarto. It was neutral in politics. Mr. Funk continued the paper until May 29th, 1875, when he sold it to Messrs. Axton & Jones, two prominent citizens of Maroa. They leased the office to A. H. Corman, the former owner of the Tribune. He continued the publication until August, 1877, when it passed into the hands of Jones & Axton. Mr. Corman left Maroa in the same month and went to Colorado Sjmngs, Col., where a short time after his arrival, he became the manager of the “Franklin Job Printing House.” Not making that a success, he in a few months later became the city editor of the Colorado Springs Gazette (daily and weekly), and was after- wards a compositor on the same paper. He was in some respects a ready and pointed writer. After Corman’s retirement from the Maroa News, Dr. Axton traded Jones’ land for his (Jones’) interest, and became the sole owner. He then leased the office to Stratton, Axton, & A. R. Arbuckle. They published the News from August, 1877, to February 1st, 1878. Dr. Axton then sold the office to Mr. Sargeant, who sold it to Thomas Hines. Mr. Hines sold a half interest to Turner O’Banion. The partnership of Hines & O’Banion was formed February 1st, 1878, and continued until October 1st of the same year, when Hines leased his interest to O’Banion. This arrangement continued until October 1st, 1879, when Major C. F. Emery purchased Hines’ share in the office, and leased it to O’Banion, who has continued to publish the paper under that arrangement up to the present. The News is a five column quarto, neatly printed and a spicy paper. In politics it is independent. Circulation about 700. The office is well supplied with neat and new type and an improved power-press, known as the “ Prouty Power Press.” In December, 1875, Stratton, Axton & \V. Carey originated THE MAROA BUDGET. It was printed in the News office. In August, 1876, T. O’Banion purchased Carey’s interest, and he and Axton edited it until August, 1877, when Axton retired. O'Banion enlarged it to a five column quarto, and changed the name to THE MESSENGER. In January, 1878, O’Banion sold out to Frank Bennett, and one mouth later the publication ceased. THE DECATUR DEMOCRAT. The year 1868 was a prolific year for newspaper enterprises. The Democrat was started as a campaign paper. The first number was issued July 23d, 1868. It was organized as a stock company, the members of which were prominent Democrats of Macon county. J. H. Martin was selected as editor and manager. He conducted the paper through the campaign of 1868, and did good work for his party. In December of the same year the publication was sus- pended. The office was locked up and remained closed until May, 1869, when W. H. Addis leased it of the stockholders. Under his management the first number was issued May 22d, 1869. James M. Irwin was the editor. Mr. Addis continued the Democrat under the lease until July, 1870, when he purchased the office from the stockholders. In the summer of 1870 Samuel Pike brought a printing office to Danville, Illinois, and from there removed it to Decatur. On the 5th of August of the same year it was consolidated with the Demo- crat. The paper then took the name of pike’s democrat. Pike was editor and Addis manager. The firm of Pike & Addis continued until February 1st. 1871, when Pike retired and returned to Hillsboro, Ohio, where he had formerly resided. On the 19th of January, two printers, whose names were Merrill and Dashiell, started a daily morning paper, called the sunbeam. It continued until May 18th, 1871, when it was consolidated with the Democrat. From the latter date .the Democrat was issued as a daily and weekly paper, and so continued until November 11th, 1871, when the publication ceased for want of patronage. The material and presses remained in the possession of Mr. Addis, who, in the month of the suspension, leased the office to Alfred F. Wuensch, who commenced the publication of the Decatur Review. On the 24th of February, 1872, Mr. Addis traded the office to James Shoaff for the latter’s interest in the Magnet. Mr. Shoaff removed the press and material to Paris, Illinois, where it yet re- mains, and from it is issued the Paris Gazette. THE DECATUR REVIEW Was founded by Rev. Alfred Wuensch. The first number was issued on the first Thursday in April, 1872. It was an independent paper, but gravitated into the farmer’s or Granger’s movement. Mr. Wuensch continued the Review until 1874, when he leased the office to John Lindsey and D. J. Block, who published the paper one year, after which Mr. Block retired, and Alfred F. Wuensch, son of the founder of the paper, took his place. Lindsey & Wuensch remained the lessees until June 1st, 1876, when Mr. Wuensch sold the office to W. H. Bayne. In November, 1876, he commenced the issue of the Daily R. view, and continued it for two months, when, not proving a financial success, it was abandoned. On October 1st, 1878, the publication of the daily was resumed, and it has continued to the present time. The Weekly Review is a seven column quarto in form ; the Daily is a seven column folio. The Weekly has a circulation of 1,200. The Review is Democratic, and is the leading and representative organ of the party in this con- gressional district. The Review was sold to S. S. Jack, July 23d, 1880. Mr. Jack has made large additions to the office in type and presses, and 70 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. under his management the paper has doubled its circulation and increased its usefulness. THE MACON TRIBUNE Was published in the town of Macon. The first issue of the Tribune was September 12, 1867. John J. Smith, formerly of the Bement Courier, was the editor and publisher. It suspended January 1st, 1868. THE NIANTIC HERALD Was a 5 col. folio, printed at Niantic, R. V. Malloy, editor and proprietor. No. 1, of Vol. 1, appeared Oct. 30th, 1874. It had but a brief existence. THE DECATUR WEEKLY SUN, Vol. 1, No. 1, appeared February 2d, 1875, Leonidas II. Tupper, editor. It was a 7 col. folio. It passed into the possession of G. F. Kimball. THE DECATUR TIMES. The material of the old Magnet and Tribune offices being in pos- session of “ Doc ” Sylvester by virtue of his second mortgage, he sold it to S. S. Jack. A few days later Jack sold a third interest to G. F. Kimball. These gentlemen, under the name of the “Decatur Times Company,” commenced the publication of the above-named paper. The first issue was January 3d, 1876 It was both daily and weekly. The firm continued four months when Kimball purchased Jack’s interest, and continued the publi- cation of the Times at irregular intervals. The daily issue was abandoned entirely. In politics it started as an independent paper, but its sympathies were with the Democratic party, and by the general public it was regarded as a Democratic newspaper. During Mr. Jack’s connection with the paper he gave it character and standing. In the latter part of May, 1876, Mr. Kimball started the WHIP AND SPUR. It dealt largely in personalities, and advocated the Greenback and fiat theories. During the publication of the Whip and Spur the Times was continued and published semi-weekly. The Whip and Spur continued through the campaign of 1876, and closed in November of the same year. His next journalistic venture was the TEMPERANCE BUGLE, The first number of which appeared in the latter part of Septem- ber, 1876. Its name indicated its mission. THE SUN. In January, 1877, Alfred F. Wuensch and Howard Montressor established the Daily Sun. They continued the publication until April following, when they sold it to G. F. Kimball. The sale covered the name and good-will, which were its entire capital. It was printed in the office of the Review. After the purchase, Mr. Kimball discontinued the Times, and substituted the Sun. He continued it as a daily and weekly. It started as a 7 col. folio, afterwards enlarged to an 8 col., and then changed back to a 7 col. The Sun continued to illuminate Macon county journalism until May 21st, 1879, when the office was leased to Joseph Prior and Alfred F. Wuensch. These gentlemen changed its political tone, and made it a Republican paper. Messrs. Prior and Wuensch con- ducted it until about the first of July, of the same year, when the enterprise collapsed, and the office passed into the possession of Kimball, where it remained until the fall of 1879, when he removed it to Belleville, Illinois, and it now forms a part of the office of the Belleville Republican. THE DEMOCRATIC ERA. The first number of the Era appeared in July, 1877, G. F. Kim- ball and John Lindsey, editors and publishers. Two months later the publication of the Era ceased. Mr. Kimball had, during his connection with the journalism of Macon county, other and different partners than those mentioned, but their business arrangements were of such short duration that they are not important in connection with the history of the press of the county. As an organizer and founder of newspapers, Mr. Kim- ball has but one equal in Illinois, and no superior. That all his ventures in journalism were not complete successes is not to be wondered at. His failures are attributable to the fact that he never stopped to count the cost. He acted solely from the im- pulses of the moment. If there was a lack of judgment he hoped to get over the - difficulty by the exercise of energy and industry. Of the latter he had an abundance, but no amount of it could bridge over the gaps caused by the lack of common business judgment, and the too frequent indulgence in visionary schemes. As in business, so he was as a newspaper writer. Sometimes clear, strong, and vigorous, at others erratic, weak and inconsistent. None were more sanguine or honest in their plans nor saw more distinctly their fulfilment in the future, but unfortunately his mind changed so rapidly that the mere failure found him in a new position with a new project; therefore the sluggish mind of the public thought him often inconsistent, while it had not really caught up and learned his latest discovery. As a man and a citizen he was honest and upright, and honorable in all of his busi- ness transactions. THE SATURDAY HERALD. The above-named paper was started by C. N. Walls, formerly of the Tuscola Journal. The first number was issued October 11th, 1879. In form it was a six column quarto. Politically it was Independent. Mr. Walls continued to publish it weekly, until Feb. 1st, 1880, when Col H. W. Rowell and W. H. Addis became the lessees. It was then changed to a Republican paper. On the 13th of May of the same year, they commenced the publication of the Daily Hera/d, a six column folio, which still continues. The cir- culation of the weekly Herald is 1100. The office is supplied with a Cattrell and Babcock Cylinder Press, and a .large-sized Gordon Press, and a good variety of type for all kinds of printing. Mr. Addis is a practical printer, in Decatur. Col. Rowell is also an old newspaper man, and was formerly connected with the Register at Rockford, Illinois. Messrs. Rowell & Addis continued the publica- tion of the Herald, until July 24th, 1880, when C. N. Walls took possession of the office by reason of forfeiture of lease. He con- tinues the paper as a Republican journal. THE TOMAHAWK. The above paper is the latest aspirant for. journalistic honors in Macon county. The first number was issued May 11th, 1880. A. R. Arbuckle, editor and proprietor. The Tomahaivk is a five column folio, neatly printed and ably edited. In politics it is Independent. The publisher’s object in starting the paper was to have an organ representing the liberal sentiment of this section. It has a weekly circulation of 500 copies. THE YARDSTICK Is the name of a small paper published at Blue Mound, by Henshie Bros. It is their own advertising medium, and they give local news each week. There have been several German papers published in the county, but none of them survived any considerable length of time, lhe HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 71 Illinois Vollcsbfat was issued July 3d, 1871. It had but a brief existence. The Zietung , another German paper, was printed in the Gazette and Chronicle office. It survived but a few months. The history of the Press of Macon county has been briefly traced. There have been some trials and obstacles, and it has witnessed some failures, but it is fairly representative of the busi- ness growth of the county. The influence and character of the press has grown with the increase of the material wealth and intellectual growth of those they have represented. The number of newspaper enterprises organized and supported in the county, shows well for the liberality of its citizens, and it further shows the appreciation of the power of printer’s ink and editor’s pen when used for the advancement of the intellectual growth of the people and material wealth of the county. The fact is patent that to the press more than to any other means belongs the honor of building up and making known to the outside world the wealth of soil, the advantages of agriculture, and manufacturing interests, the excellent schools, the moral tone of the people of Macon county. In short, whatever position or fame it has throughout the state from any point of observation, is due in a great measure to the press of Macon county. CHAPTER XII. COMMON SCHOOLS OF MACON COUNTY. BY JOHN TRAINEE, COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT. OUR STATE SCHOOL SYSTEM. present system of “free schools” may properly be id to have been inaugurated and entered upon in 155. It is a truth that every person is a factor in the ate or society in which he lives. Our state, early recognizing this fact, sought to provide liberal means and facilities for the proper education of those into whose hands the affairs of state would soon pass. The work of 1855 was not the beginning. The germ of free schools had been planted long ante- rior to this date, and by proper cultivation it had grown up to be a prolific system. Article third of the celebrated ordinance of 1787 declared that “ knowledge is necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind,” and enjoined that “ schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged.” Paper manifestoes are not often dreaded ; the edicts of poten- tates seldom survive the age in which they are decreed ; and pro- clamations rarely have existence longer than that of the paper on which they are written. What does it mean? This ordinance seems to have been an exception. It became the nucleus of the grand system of education, the benign influence of which is felt and recognized in every home and sphere of business in our state; and in 1887, the inhabitant of Illi- nois who will not be reaping benefits from the influences of its declarations and injunctions will be the exception — will be a blank in society, and but little above the menial serf. Illinois was organized as a territory in 1809 ; but in the articles of organization no mention was made of the common school. The convention which framed the constitution under which the state was admitted, accepted in August of that year (1818) a proposition made by Congress, in the “Enabling Act” for this state, April 18th, appropriating section 16 in each township to the state for the use of the inhabitants of said township, for school purposes; also one-half of five per cent, of the proceeds of public lands within the state sold by Congress after January 1st, 1819, should be appropri- ated by the legislature for the encouragement of learning. One- sixth of this amount was to be applied to a college or university, and thirty-six sections, or one entire township, with one previously reserved for that purpose, should be allotted for the use of a semi- nary of learning. These funds may thus be classified : the state school fund from the sales of public lands, less one-sixth, which is the university fund, resulting from the sale of sixteenth section. It will thus be seen that the most valuable donation for school purposes was the sixteenth section of every township. This donation amounts to 998,449 acres ; properly managed, the revenues derived from the sale of these lands would have released forever the people from local taxation for school purposes. These lands were nearly all sold when there was but little demand for them. In 1828 the legislature unanimously authorized the sale of these lands, and bor- rowed money to defray the expenses of the sale. But the returns from these magnificent gifts were too meagre to support the schools, and local taxes had to be levied. In 1824 the swamp and over- flowed lands remaining in possession of the state, after paying for drainage and levees, was granted to counties for educational pur- poses. In 1835 a county fund was created by an act of the legislature, which provided that the teachers should not receive from the public fund more than half the amount due them, and that the surplus should constitute the principal of the “ county fund,” which amounted to $348,285.75. In 1853 all fines and penalties imposed in courts of record, and criminal forfeiture on bails were added to school resources, and school property was exempted from taxation. THE FIRST FREE SCHOOL SYSTEM. In 1824-5 Governor Coles, in his message to the legislature, advised that provision be made for the support of common schools. During the same session Senator Joseph Duncan, of Jackson county, introduced a bill to establish a system of schools. The leading points in this system were : 1. The schools were to be opened to every class of white citizens between the ages of five and twenty- one. 2. Persons over twenty-one years of age might be admitted on consent of the trustees and upon the agreed terms. 3. Districts of not less than five families were to be formed on petition of a majority of the legal voters. 4. Officers were to be elected and sworn in. 5. The legal voters at an annual meeting could levy a tax, in money or merchantable produce at cash value, not exceeding one- half of one per cent, subject to a maximum limitation of ten dollars for one person. 6. The state appropriated annually two per cent, out of all monies I’eceived in the treasury. Five sixths of this was added to the interest received from the school fund, and the sum was appor- tioned to the counties according to the number of white persons under twenty-one years of age. The several counties distributed this among the districts, but any district which had failed to sustain a school for three months was not to receive any of this fund. This system of schools, which M as designed to furnish a plan for the education of the citizens of the state, was truly in advance of the times. It met with violent oppo- sition from its numerous enemies. Opposition to taxation was great, and the legality of the appropriation from the state treasury was questioned. This opposition was so violent that the system soon became practically inoperative, and was virtually annulled by an act approved February 17tli, 1827, which repealed the five- 72 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. family clause, made taxation for the full or half support of district schools optional with the voters of the district, and forbade the tax- ation of any one for the support of a free school without his consent in writing. This is the only act which stigmatizes any legislation on the question of free schools in our state, and is in strong contrast to either its predecessors or successors. But neither personal opposi- tion nor biased legislation could impede or smother the germ of the free school system, so deeply rooted by the sacred ordinances of 1785-7. It was deeply rooted in the fertile soil of the public mind, and was fostered by the true friends of education. Subsequent legislation had but little effect upon the schools for a decade, when an act providing for the incorporation of the townships became a law. It provided for a board of trustees, who should have the superintendence of “ the business, and affairs of the township in relation to education aud schools generally.” In this law appears the first requirement for a certificate of qualification from the township trustees, before any teacher could be paid out of the school funds. Still this improvement on the acts of 1827, did not mend matters very materially, for many sec- tions of the state neglected to avail themselves of this opportunity for perfecting a better organization. But a certain amount of energy and educational enterprise still remained with the people, and their first object after securing a comfortable home, was to provide educational facilities for their children. In 1844 a “ Com- mon School Convention ” was held in Peoria. This representative assembly appointed John S. Wright, H. M. Weed and Thomas Kilpatrick, a committee to draft a memorial to the legislature on the subject of “ Common Schools.” The paper drawn up by the committee was an able and exhaustive one, and plead for a State Superintendent with a salary of nine hundred dollars, and recom- mended local taxation for the support of schools. This movement among the teachers served to bring the matter before the legisla- ture. In February, 1845, an act was approved, making the Secre- tary of State ex-officio state superintendent of common schools, and the county school commissioners ex-officio county school super- intendents, whose duty it should be to examine and license teachers. It also provided for local taxation on a favorable majority vote of the citizens of the respective districts. All the district tax for schools in 1846-7 did not reach one mill on the one hundred dollars. The auditor, by this bill, distributed the interest on the school fund to the counties in proportion to the total number of persons under twenty-one years of age. This in turn was distributed to the several townships in the same manner by the county superintendents. This same act made the qualifica- tions of teachers embrace a knowledge of reading, writing, arith. metic, geography and history, but required a little more than an elementary knowledge of these branches. Owing to the apathy of the majority of the people to educational interests but little was done. Though living on the borders of civilization, they failed to recognize the fact that education is the distinguishing characteristic between civilized and savage society. The relations between an intelligent ploughman aud a school- room were unrecognized, and scholars were not wanted in frontier life. In 1847 the standard of qualifications had to be lowered in order to supply the schools with teachers. A certificate could be obtained for a knowledge of any one of the above named branches. Schools were by no means numerous even with this regulation. In 1849 the standard of qualification was again raised to the former grade. The directors could grant special privileges as to any branch desired to be studied. This was something like the “ pro- visional certificate,” of 1872-3, which authorized the directors to employ some favorite or relative who would “give good satisfac- tion ” and absorb the public school funds. Little did the average school officer then know of the necessary and judicious discrimina- tion as to the local needs in the choice of a competent teacher. When we see employed, first in our public-schools, the poorest teachers who are licensed by the county superintendent, we are able to feel that the same weakness prevails among them to-day. In 1857 the rate of taxes for school purposes was raised to one dollar on the hundred by a majority vote. The taxable property of the state was at that time one hundred millions, which should have furnished a fund of one million of dollars for school purposes; but the amount actually raised did not exceed $51,900. This shows to what extent indifference to the best interests of the common- school cause prevailed among the masses, and that the law was a dead letter. The supervision of the schools was given to the dis- trict officers, who were often ignorant, narrow-minded, and unfit for superintending school methods and school work. It soon became apparent that something more than this was needed as the schools increased and the interest in them was growing. The spirit of progress had been aroused. The press took hold of the matter, and strong leaders urged the necessity of better schools. F rom the east and south came a better class of citizens, to make this state their home. They brought with them advanced ideas of education, and urged its importance to the people here. Convocations met and discussed the question. These influences stirred the people up in their own interests. In 1854 the legislature created the separate office of State Superintendent of Public Instruction, with a salary of $1,500 per annum. The first State Superintendent was to be appointed by the Governor, and should hold his office till his suc- cessor could be elected and qualified. The Hon. Ninian W. Ed- wards, appointed superintendent by Gov. Joel A. Matteson has the honor of framing a bill for our Free-school system. It met with a hearty acceptance by the legislature, and took the form of a law February 15th, 1855. It forbade the employment of a teacher for a public-school without a legal certificate of qualification. It pre- scribed a state tax of two mills on the dollar to be added annually to the six per cent, revenue from the school funds, and required that schools should be kept in operation at least six months in the year — with a penalty of forfeiture of the state fund for non-compliance. The system thus inaugurated — the first which really made schools free by providing for a sufficient state and local tax for their sup- port — continues substantially the State system to this day, with alteration in some details. While the new law promised more vigorous action among the people, the scarcity of competent teachers was a serious hindrance to that degree of advancement so fondly hoped for by the strongest supporters of the new system. Whence were they to be had ? What methods could be adopted to secure them ? To meet this want of efficient teachers and supply the increasing demand, the Northern Normal was established in 1857. This state institution for the special preparation of the teacher was located at Normal, a small village near Bloomington, McLean county. The number of students during the first year was ninety-eight, .viz. : forty-one gentlemen and fifty-seven ladies. The first graduating class, 1860, consisted of ten, viz. : six young men and four young ladies. The number of students in attendance for the year 1878, was 425, viz. : 185 males and 240 females. From the date of the opening of the Normal school, the demand for more and better teachers was so great that the Southern Normal was established in 1869, for the especial training of teachers for the public-schools of this state.” This school is located at Carbondale in Jackson county, aud is in a flourishing condition. In addition to these, the HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 73 Illinois Industrial University, opened in 18G8, is both state and national, having received a grant of lands from the national government., intended for the establishment of colleges of agricul- ture and the mechanical arts. This institution is at Urbana, Champaign county, where it has one of the tinest buildings of the kind in the country. The college embraces a school of agriculture proper, and a school of horticulture, a school of engineering, schools of mechanical science, civil and mining engineering and architecture ; a college of natural science, with schools of chemistry and natural history, and a college of literature and science, with a school of English and modern languages, and one of ancient lan- guages and literature. There are also schools of commerce, military science and domestic science and arts. Entire freedom in the choice of studies is allowed each student ; but the completion of one of these courses or the prescribed equivalents is necessary to graduation. Besides the normal schools and colleges named, Illinois has twen- ty-six colleges, thirty-two academies, two law schools. Six of the preceding are classed as universities. The vital principle of the present law is this: The property and wealth of the state, as well as the county, shall educate the youth. Many important changes in the school law were made by the thirty-first General Assembly. The amended law went into effect July first, 1879. It requires all school officials having care of funds to strictly account for the same. The county superintendent must annually examine the books and accounts of each township school treasurer. The school month corresponds to the calendar month. To make legal contracts, teachers must have valid certificates at the time of employment, and covering the time for which they are employed. Treasurers are appointed for two years. Graded schools in cities are placed under the control of boards of education, instead of city councils. Efficient means for refunding indebtedness are provided. The corner-stone of our educational structure has been well laid, and firmly established in the appreciation of an intelligent people; it is only a question of time, when Illinois will boast of one of the most perfect systems of education in our land. Older states, and European nations, view with admiration, and study with delight, our educational system, and now many of its branches are being engrafted into theirs. Such is the rapid survey of the growth of the common school in Illinois. They have not arisen in a night, or in a day ; they are the fruitage of a generation’s constant and laborious effort, and to those early movers in this direction Macon county owes and attrib- utes much of character and prosperity. EARLY SCHOOLS IN THE COUNTY. Like her sister counties, Macon has no well-written history of her common schools, and, like all comparatively new counties, her edu- cational history did not show much system until the present revised law went into effect, in 1855-60. The schools of our fathers were like the schools of to-day, just what the teacher made them. There were many good teachers in the early school days pf this county, and many poor ones ; the same can be said of to-day. But then the facilities of “ ye olden tyme ” were much in arrears of to- day — and may we not safely say that the poorest teacher of to-day has facilities about him to make himself far superior to “ye peda- gogue” of the long ago? Like all frontier settlements, the standard of teaching was very low, and the man who could make a good pen from the quill of the “buzzard or mother goose,” or “whale the boys like blazes” was the best ideal of the available school-master in some of the first settlements, but to make such assertions of the later settlements of Macon county, is sheer nonsense. Less was 10 required, and less expected of the teacher then, than of those of to-day. The qualifications of the early teachers of Macon county were such as they brought with them from the states of their nativity. They were not such ignorant fellows as many would have us believe. The first teacher was just what the teacher of the cast or the south was, the best that could be procured from the number that emigrated to this county, and may ice not safely say that some good teachers came to Macon at an early day? The teachers, like those of all new settlements, were poorly paid in the older townships; the people had enough to do to raise their “Injun corn” and prepare for the dreaded “blows” of winter, without giving much attention to the schools. The school-houses and their furniture were then of the most primitive kind. The houses were constructed of unhewn logs, and covered with boards, which were held in their proper places by weight poles. OLD LOG SCHOOL BUILDING. In some cases mother earth supplied them with a floor, in others the rough hewn puncheon, matched with the axe, offered a level base on which “ye school-master” mustered his forces. For windows, a log was cut out for the admission of light, and in the absence of glass, greased paper was pasted over these apertures in winter. It is said that a school-master on Stevens’ creek early discovered that the wild turkey’s oil gave the best light, and highly recommended it to his fellow-sufferers. The furniture was of the rudest character. The seats were usually made of split logs, slightly hewn, having wooden pins driven into them for legs. Of course, they had no back rests, but then the “ deestrict ” directors wisely placed the soft side of the seat upward. The writing desks were simply low shelves placed on pins driven into the wall at an angle of fifty- two degrees. (Who knows but that we may have derived our standard slant for the script letters from this fact ?) The branches taught in these schools were ortho- graphy, reading, writing and arithmetic. But these grand old school days did not last long. The Yankee, Kentuckian and Ten- nesseean could not long endure this backward state of affairs, and as the little settlements grew and expanded it was only a question of time when the little log-house and sacred slab desk should dis- (Note: Our artist furnished a view of one of the better class of houses having the boards nailed to the “ ribs.”) n HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. appear. About 1847-8 a few bouses were built, having the improved board desks, usually fastened together in pairs, but sometimes they were so arranged in sixes or eights. Samples of these desks may be seen in seme of our schools to day. But from and alter the year 18.55 many of the first school-houses were properly seated with the very best of school furniture ; and now the only drawback in this direction is the prevalent want of school apparatus. There has been but little attention given in this direction, and the result is that scarcely any house is supplied with the absolutely necessary globe, wall-map or dictionary. May we soon see the time when these and other much needed articles may find their way into our country schools ? In 1872, the law was so amended that it required teachers to pass a satisfactory examination in orthography, reading, penmanship, arithmetic, English grammar, modern geography, the history of the United States, the elements of the natural sciences, physiology and the laws of health. The addition of the elements of the sciences gave a new impulse to education throughout the State, and no one doubts the good results from it in Macon county. The County Superintendents had held occasional Teachers’ Insti- tutes till 1876, when the few teachers in attendance resolved to hold an Annual Institute in 1877. Since that time an institute has been regularly held, and the interest has increased till the institute of 1880 numbered one hundred and thirty-five in attendance. These institutes have done much to build up the best interests of the schools by introducing ueiv and improved methods of instruction and by putting the teachers on a common working level. A Teachers’ Library Association was organized in 1877, and has steadily grown from a few volumes in number to over fifty volumes of the better class of books pertaining to the teacher’s association. The institutes are not supported at the public expense, but by those who attend them. The public, recognizing their importance to the teachers, give them favorable consideration, and prefer those teachers who attend them. Our teachers complain of the limited salary paid them for their labors in the public schools. The highest price paid outside of Decatur or the village for 1879 was $60.00 per month, and this was only in a single isolated case. The average wages for females, $30.52, and for males $43.55 for the same year. The lowest salary being $23 per month. During the year 1879, there was paid to the teachers in the county $54,576.55, and for other necessary expenses, $19,719.70. During the same year there were employed two hundred and twenty-nine teachers in the public schools of the county. This excessive number is due to the fact that many teach- ers obtain employment for a single term, and then give way to some one else. There are a hundred and twenty-nine school-houses in the county used exclusively for school purposes. The estimated value of school property in the county, including libraries and apparatus, is $166,095. The total amount of special tax levied for school pur- poses was $51,100.88. These revenues our people cheerfully pay, and feel that they are amply remunerated by the work done in the schools. Efficient county supervision had much to do with the success of the schools of the county from 1863 to 1872 inclusive. At the latter date the Board of Supervisors voted to discontinue school supervision, and no effort has been made to restore it. It is to be hoped that they will allow this much needed special help at no distant future. The office of County Commissioner was first filled in 1832, by appointment of the court. In 1865, the title of the office was changed to that of County Superintendent of Schools, and the term of office extended from two to four years. Below is given a list of the names of persons who served as school commissioner and super- intendent with dates: James Johnson, 1832 to 1834; James Ren- shaw, 1834 to 1835 ; Charles Emmerson, 1835 to 1838 ; H. M. Gorin, 1838 to 1840 ; P. D. Williams, 1840 to 1847 ; W. 8. Crissey, 1847 to 1860; C. C. Burroughs, 1860 to 1864; Edwin Park, 1864 to 1869 ; O. F. McKim, 1869 to 1873 ; S. P. Mickey, 1873 to 1877 ; John Trainer, 1877, and is the present incumbent. THE TOWNSHIP SCHOOLS. The first building erected for the purpose of a school-house was constructed in 1826, on Stevens’ creek, and stood about two hun- dred yards S. W. of the present dwelling-house of Mr. John Saw- yer, in Decatur township. What has been mentioned in regard to furniture, &c., will apply to this house. The building has long since been torn down. The first school-house in Harristown township was erected in 1829, on Mr. James Miller’s land, just south of Mr. Charles Hunsley’s, in the timber. The enterprising teacher adopted the Turkey oil experiment of the Stevens’ creek teacher, — for securing a fine mellow light, and highly commended it to others. Mr. Miller attended this school twelve days, and informs us that this was the only schooling that he ever received. The first school-house in Blue Mound township stood in the tim- ber east of the present farm-house of Mr. Green Hill, near a fine spring of water. Mr. Daniel McCall was the first teacher, in 1828. (Mr. McCall has the honor of being the first county judge, circuit clerk, and county clerk of Macon county). Mr. William Austin, now living, taught there in 1832. In Hickory Point, the first school-house was built on section 34, south of Mr. Smallwood’s present residence. The first school in Friends’ creek township, was taught in 1835 and 1836, on the old camp ground, north of the east fork of Friends’ creek. The first house was erected in 1838, near the present residence of D. K. Wilson, since removed two miles east, and used as a dwelling-house. We learn that this house had the extreme primi- tive furniture. In Oakley township the first building was erected in 1830, near the site of the brick school-house, Dist. one, 17-3. Mr. Alexander Patton was the first teacher; he died in 1877, near Oakley, at an advanced age. The first school-house in Maroa township, now standing, was built about two miles west of the village of Maroa, and known as Dist. one. Mr. Alvin Woodard was the first teacher. The first school was taught in Pleasant View township, on the N. E. quarter of the N. W. quarter of section thirty-five, Town 15, N. R. 1 E., in 1857. The first school-house in Illini township was a frame building, erected in the year 1861, on the farm of the late D. S. Allen, a few miles north of Harristown. It has since been removed to the S. E. corner of the farm owned by J. S. Childs, two and one-half miles S. E. of Warrensburg, and is now known as the Childs’ school- house. The first house was built in Macon township in 1854 ; Mr. Bradford Stuart was the first teacher. The house was erected one and one-half miles west of the township liue, near the Shelby county boundary. The first school in Austin township was taught by M. T. Scott in 1858, on Lake Fork. The house has since been removed, repaired, and is now known and used as the Town Hall. IIISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. The first school-house erected in Whitmore township, stood on what is now known as the Union Cemetery, and was built in 1841, by free contribution of such materials as the early pioneers could afford. It was known as the Orthodox School-house, and was used as its builder designed, for common school, singing school, “spclin- skule,” debating societies, lecture-room, political meetings, religious meetings, and in fact everything that came along of an entertaining nature. The building has since been sold, and is now a part of a dwelling house. This building was constructed entirely of oak lumber, and “ filled in between the studding with soft brick.” A man named Sanford was the first teacher. The first school-house erected in Mt. Zion township, stood about three-fourths of a mile west of Mt. Zion Academy, and was built about 1840. The first house built in Long creek township, for school purposes was erected about 1840, on the farm of John Myers, and is now owned by John Jones. The first school-house in Niantic township was built in 1847, in Dingman’s Grove, on the N. E. quarter of section twenty-three, James Harper, now living in Christian county, first wielded the birch. The first sessions of the Christian Church were held in this house in 1850, and used as a place of public worship till 1854, when the Dingman Church was erected near the site of the old school-house. In most cases the school township lines do not coincide with the political township lines. This fact gives rise to a great amount of confusion, since many of the inhabitants do not understand the difference between the town, range, etc., and the proper name of the township. The following are the names of the township treasurers as ap- pointed by the board of trustees, in April, 1880. Township. Treasurer. Post Office. 14N.R1 E I. B Gordon, Blue Mound. 14-2 B. H. McHenry, Moawequa. 14-3 Hiram Johnson, Moawequa. 15-1 H. A. Miller, Boody. 15-2 It. H. Woodcock, Macon. 15-3 J. S. Hughes, Mt. Zion. 15-4 T. E. Mayes, Dalton. 16-1 J. B. Camp, Harristown. 16-2 John A. Brown, Decatur. 16-3 J. S. Kizer, Long Creek. 16-4 Samuel Bowman, La Place. 17-1 J. J. Batchelder, Harristown. 17-2 J. Y. Braden, Decatur. 17-3 Joshua Green, Decatur. 17-4 Philip Dobson, Cerro Gordo. 18-1 S. O. Davis, Warrensburg. 18-2 Joseph Jones, Maroa. 18-3 W. A. Van Leer, Maroa. 18-4 Caleb Hedges, Argenta. 16-1. W. George Wree, Niantic. 17-1. W. John Gordy, Niantic. Decatur district, Lowber Burrows. The law provides that treasurers be appointed for two years instead of one as formerly. They are required to give bond to the township trustees for twice the amount of funds placed in their hands, and to give additional security when required. DECATUR PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The history of the Decatur schools dates baok almost to the foundation of our enterprising little city. The first schools were of the class termed “subscription,” and were only taught for a few mouths in the year. These sessions were held in various localities; in fact, wherever a suitable house could be proeured. The oldest inhabitant well recollects when there was a school taught in the old building south of Powers’ Block (Court-IIome), once used as the Christian Church ; in a log building which occupied the corner on west side of the Old Square now known as the McNabb build- ing; in a little house on the North side of the block north of the Tabernacle, once used by the Methodists as a place of worship. Two or three other places claim attention as having the honor of the first school-house, but the space allotted us in this article will not permit an investigation in this direction. Suffice it to say that the Decaturites were early alive to the necessity of “ keeping school.” What has been said in respect to furniture, apparatus, etc., in connection with the country schools, may well be said about the early schools of Decatur. They were not superior in this respect to those of the country, but like the first schools in the older settled townships, the young Decaturite had to content himself with the polished slab seat and the fashion- able fire-place. The first house built especially for the purpose of a school-house, was that erected about 1841, on D. L. Allen’s land, north of the Public Park, and now known as the old Masonic Hall. Mr. Allen kindly donated this lot for the purpose intended, and did all in his power to foster the best interests of education among the enterprising settlers of that period. When we take into con- sideration that Macon county was not organized as a county till January 19th, 1829, and the fact that the first real settler came in 1820, we should concede much credit to the “ brush villagers ” for their early interest in educational matters. From the building of the “First School-House” in Decatur, we may consider the school interests of the growing village in common with the country schools, till the building of the “ Big Brick ” (2d Ward) in 1857. The history of the Decatur Graded schools is too well known to need definite mention here, but we append the following notes as setting forth the peculiar advantage of the graded system. 1. By embracing a large tract of the city the pecuniary strength of each ward is increased, and the inhabitants are thereby enabled to procure, without increasing their taxes, a larger and more eligi- ble school-house site, and to erect thereon a school building, more ample in its dimensions, more attractive in external appearance, and more convenient in its internal arrangements. 2. It reduces the number of districts, as well as the number of teachers, thereby enabling the people to pay better compensation, and to obtain teachers of a higher order of qualifications. 3. It prevents many of the errors and imperfections incident to a school which employs but a single teacher, and not unfrequently one who is destitute of the proper amount of learning, but also a knowledge of the proper methods of imparting instruction even in the most elementary branches. In a graded school the younger and less experienced teachers are generally under the direction and supervision of a principal, whose scientific attainments, large expe- rience, and enlightened views of the duties and responsibilities of his avocation, enable him to introduce, at once, into his school a proper system of discipline and classification, and so to direct all the school exercises and studies in the lower departments, that the work appropriate to each of the lower grades will not be thrown upon the departments above. 4. A judicious course of study can be introduced and adhered to with far greater facility in a graded school than in a mixed school. Text books are selected with more care and judgment, and less frequently changed ; and hence the progress of the pupil is less retarded, and parents are subject to a less expense. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS . i u The facilities for procuring libraries and articles of apparatus are also greatly increased. 5. In graded schools, young and inexperienced teachers, who are usually employed in the lower departments, are not obliged to depend upon a sort of guessing operation in determining how to manage a case of discipline, hear a recitation, conduct a reading, or other exercise; for the principal of such a school is always at hand to give advice and direction in such cases ; and hence, at the very outset of their course, the pupils receive thorough and accurate instruction. It has now become a well established fact, that a graded school, in charge of a competent superintendent, although inexperienced teachers may be employed in all the subordinate departments, will accomplish vastly more in the way of imparting to the pupils a solid, practical, education, a proper mental discipline, than could be effected by an equal number of well- qualified teachers, each operating in an independent school, on the old plan. 6- The graded system tends to prevent the manifold evils result- ing from short school sessions, and those repeated changes in the general plan and operations of a school which a change of teachers in mixed schools generally produces. This advantage alone should commend the graded or union system to the favorable regard of all who desire to give their children a good education, with the least expenditure of money and time. 7. As a graded school consists of several departments, and these departments occupy separate rooms, and the pupils of each depart- ment are nearly of the same age and attainments, they can be formed into a few large classes, to pursue all their studies together, and thus afford the teacher the necessary length of time for thoroughly instructing each class. In such a school great advantage is derived from the excitement, the exhilaration, and the enthusiasm, which always arise from companionship in study. Every one who has taught in a graded school will acknowledge the stimulating effect which a large class exerts upon every member of it, not only when reciting, but also when studying, by reminding him constantly that many besides himself are engaged on the same lesson, and that he will soon be required to appear in their presence, and be measured by, as well as with, them. 8. It is much easier to maintain order and decorum in a graded, than in an ungraded school. 9. Gradation in schools not only renders their government comparatively easy, but generally promotes habits of diligence, and secures a high order of mental discipline. “ The steady and uniform progress with which the classes move on in regular gradation, forms of itself a system of order, and gives steadiness to the mental habits of the pupil. All the members of each class are habitually trained to regular duty ; the work of to-day is but the continuation of the work of yesterday, by which the mind acquires the power and forms the habit of acting systematically, and thinking consecu- tively.” 10. In grading schools, the number of subjects which each instructor is required to teach is far less than in a mixed school, and this is a matter of no small moment ; for the teacher of numerous classes in several branches of study, and in all stages of advance- ment, has no time for preparation on the different lessons, and must therefore enter upon the task of instruction in a state which wholly unfits him for teaching skilfully. 11. The graded system renders it practicable to employ a greater number of female teachers, and thus secure to young children that genial influence and culture which females are so well qualified to impart. It has often been remarked that females make better teachers for young children than the other sex ; for they have more talent for oral or conversational teaching, more quickness of perception in seizing the difficulties which embarrass the mind of a child, and more mildness of manner in removing them. They are more ingenious in introducing little devices calculated to animate and encourage children, and relieve the monotony of school exercises. They attach more importance to the improvement of morals, and pay more attention to cleanliness and good manners than men. They have a peculiar faculty for awakening the sympathies of children, and inspiring them Avith a desire to excel. They possess warmer affections, more delicate taste, greater confidence in human nature, more untiring zeal in behalf of those committed to their charge. When the mind of a child has gone astray, they will lead it back into the right path more gently and more successfully than men. 12. The incentives to great diligence in the preparation of their lessons, presented to the young by exjiectation and certainty of promotion, are greater and far more abiding in graded than in ungraded schools. The First Ward School building was erected in 1867. Mr. David Bigelow was appointed principal, and held this position till his death, Nov. 1879, when John Trainer, Co. Supt. of Schools, filled out the remainder of the year, and was followed by Mr. Evans. The Second Ward building was erected in 1857, and Mr. J. 1^. Ramsburg was appointed principal. This ward has had the following principals, viz., A. J. Johnson, J. K. Rickett, D. C. McCloy, Edwin Park, John H. Leidigh, J. W. Weston, E. A. Gastman, C. W. Demmon, O. F. McKim, Metta W. Carson, and Miss Jennie Durfee. The Third Ward building was erected in 1862, and John W. Randall was appointed as first principal. The order of principals is as follows, viz., Edwin Park, Mrs. L. J. R. Rooker, Maggie Leeper, Callie M Parker, Josephine Adams, U. C. East, T. C. Fuller, and Edwin Philbrook. The Fourth Ward building was erected in 1866, and Mrs. E. W. Yeager was appointed as the first principal. The order of principals is as follows, viz., Samuel M. Lake, Mary Wilder, Mrs. L. Montgomery. To the City Superintendent of Schools, Mr. Enoch A. Gastman, more than to any other man, does Decatur owe her present standing in the perfect workings of her graded school system. His untiring efforts to carry out the best possible system of graded schools ; his zeal and enthusiasm, as well as his sincere devotion to our school system, has made the Decatur schools what they are to-day, equal to any of like character in the State. DECATUR HIGH SCHOOL. The first session of the high school opened September 22, 1862, in the building then known as the “ Big Brick,” now known as the Second Ward school building. The Board of Directors then con- sisted of Messrs. Henkle, Durfee and Rea, who, after due delibera- tion as to the best plan of providing instruction for the more advanced pupils of the “Big Brick ” and the surrounding neigh- borhood, agreed to place all the advanced pupils in one room and call it the high school. Accordingly the east room in the lower story of the “ Big Brick ” was selected in which to hold the first session of what is now one among the foremost high schools in the state. The board promptly appointed Professor Enoch A. Gastman as principal and superintendent of all the schools with a salary of $80 per month, and Mrs. Gastman as assistant. The register shows an enrollment of thirty-nine pupils for the first week with several additions during the term. The school moved along picas- II IS T ORY 0 F MACON CO UN T Y, IL L IN 0 IS. 77 antly and prosperously till near the close of the first six months’ term ; while the pupils and teachers were all aglow with the encouraging prospects of ‘‘ye olden time exhibition ” to be given at the close of the year’s work, Mrs. Gastman, who had done so much to further the best interests of the growing schools, was sud- denly stricken down with the diphtheria, and died in less than one week after leaving the school room. The grief-stricken husband was granted a leave of absence for two weeks, at the close of which he returned and completed the term assisted by Miss Mary Wilder. The rapid growth of the primary departments in the ward schools rendered it necessary to make provision for other classes in the “Big Brick.” Hence the question of finding a suitable place for the high school classes was the all-absorbing theme of conver- sation. Finally, after much discussion and argument both pro and con., it was agreed to remove the high school department to the basement of the old Baptist Church standing on the ground now occupied by the building known as Nebinger and Reeser’s leather store. Accordingly, the second year’s work of this institution began in this building September 14, 1863, with Professor Gastman as principal, which position he held till 1871, and Miss Mary E. Baker as assistant. On the 8th of July previously the legal voters had by a vote of one hundred and twenty-nine to six, decided to extend the term to a nine months’ session ; this was again reaffirmed June 14th, 1864. At the beginning of the third year, September 19th, 1864, the corps of teachers was the same as the previous years, but at the beginning of the next year, September 11th, 1865, it was found necessary to employ another assistant; Miss M. M. Sargent was elected to fill the new position. Thus we see our high school slowly but surely growing, and may we not point with pride to our present commodious building which had its humble origin in the little room of the “ Big Brick, and the damp basement of the old church ? During the first two or three years the school had no works of reference other than those furnished by the principal, and while he longed to see the gazetteer and the cyclopedia on the wall shelves of the little school-room he pointed with pride to the “ booktionary ” as a source in which to drown all school troubles, but the American school when once firmly planted soon builds up a good reference library. Various plans have been tried for securing the acquisition of good books for schools, but usually the subscription plan is the one first adopted; so it was in this case. Misses Emily Moeller, Carrie Jamison, and Jane Hammond took the matter in hand with much earnestness. After several days of patient canvassing these active lasses secured the sum of one dollar and fifty cents with which to found a library. The principal with his usual good judgment expended the entire sum in the purchase of Cleveland’s Compen- dium of English Literature. This formed the nucleus of our present very excellent high school library which has been brought about by the devoted energy of the faithful teachers and the activity and diligence of their pupils ; the estimated cost of the library is $1,000. But the Sucker school- master does not content himself with a good reference library in which to while away his leisure hours, but he must have a geologi- cal collection, and then follows a representative cabinet in each of the natural sciences ; so it has been with the commendable manage* ment of the high school. In examining the records we find that the board paid Fred. But zein $43 for a book case May 16th, 1865, and May 14th, 1867, $40 for a similar case to be used for a geological and zoological collec- tion. This little collection made from the banks of the primitive Sangamon, has grown from that of a few stones and shells to embrace the mute representatives of almost every country on the globe. How every Decaturite points with pride to “our high school collection, ’ and the stranger goes away satisfied that it* is equal, if not superior, to that of any high school in the state. In 1867, Miss Baker was succeeded by Miss Nancy Cunningham who, owing to affliction of the eyes, was compelled to resign at the end of the second term. Miss Helen Dean succeeded her and taught till June, 1869, when she resigned on accoupt of a matri- monial alliance. By an act of the legislature approved in February, 1865, the Board of Directors was abolished and the Board of Education established in its place. The first election under this new ruling was in April, 1865, resulting in the election of D. P. Bunn, William L. Hammer and C. C. Burroughs as members of the new board. The board then organized with Mr. Bunn as president, E. A. Gastman as clerk, which position he still holds, and J. R. Gorin as trea- surer. The basement of the church was damp, dark, poorly ventilated, and in every way unfitted for the wants of the rapidly increasing school. While it remained in these quarters it was impossible to gain for the school either character or respect. After a large amount of discussion and cavilling the board determined in the winter of 1868 to erect a building suitable for the accommodation of the school. When it became generally known that such a building was to be erected, the prejudice was so great that third parties favorable to the movement had to be secured to purchase the site for the building, so much were the property holders opposed to its location near their premises. G. P. Randall, of Chicago, was employed as architect. After examining the grounds, he submitted plans for the building which were adopted by the addition of the plan of a staircase proposed by Mr. Gastman, for the rear of the building. In a quiet sort of way on the morning of July 4th, 1869, while the young orators of our little city were conning their ‘ Spread Eagle ” speeches for the historical day of American Independence, and “Young America” was busy with the fire-cracker and the yelping cur, the ground was staked off and the turf broken for the corner-stone of the present building. By December of the same year the enterprising con- tractor, Mr. D. C. Shockley, had the building enclosed, and in September, 1869, the pupils were ready to remove from the church wdiere the school had been for the past six years, to the new and commodious building. DECATUR HIGH SCHOOL. Miss Mary W. French took the place made vacant by the resig- nation of Miss Dean. Miss Sargent was then made first assistant. Professor Gastman at the helm as principal, which position he held until 1871. 78 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. For some time the Board had been desirous of making arrange- ments by which the labor of the principalship and that of city superintendent of schools might be made separate r and distinct, that is, have a person to devote his whole time to the superin- tendency, and one to act as principal of the school. In February, 1871, Hon. S. S- Jack was elected to the position of principal, and Professor Gastmau required to devote all his time to the schools as superintendent. Mr. Jack entered upon the discharge of his duties at the beginning of the spring term, and remained until the following February, when he resigned, and was succeeded by O. F. McKim at the beginning of the school year of 1873. Mr. McKim remained one year, when I. E. Brown was appointed, and filled this position with marked ability till 1880, when he resigned, and was succeeded by J. N. Wilkinson, the present incumbent. In 1870, a room was opened for the entering class, and Miss Lucy Miles was appointed to take charge of it. After a month she was succeeded by Mrs. Priscilla E- Foulke, who completed the work of the year. Miss Emily H. Cotton succeeded Mrs. Foulke at the beginning of the third year, and taught two years, when she resigned to become Mrs. Collins. In September, 1873, Miss M. Leeper was appointed to fill the vacancy, and. has taught continually to the present writing. Miss Sargent resigned in 1877, after twelve years continuous teaching ; Miss S. Alice Judd commenced with Mr. Brown in 1874, and was followed by Mr. P. B. Colton, Avho taught one year, and was succeeded by Mr. A. E. Beardsley, who was in turn succeeded by the present teacher, Mr. George A. Henderson. Miss Judd still retains this position. It will be noticed that but few changes have been made among the teachers, and this fact is patent to every thinking mind, that nothing in the history of schools wields such an influence on the growing generation as the permanence of good and efficient teachers. The teacher has an opportunity to impress himself upon the mould- ing character of our youth. He becomes a power in the community as well as in the school. The first graduating class consisted of Misses Alice Roberts, Emmaretta Williams, Rachel and Emma Hummell, the exercises being in Powers’ Hall, June 20th, 1867 The course of study was then three years. In 1870, it was made four years. ADVANTAGES OF THE HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT. It is thought by some that to maintain a thorough and efficient system of common schools does not require the establishment of high schools as an essential and component part of the system. They contend that, because only a few of the youth of the city or township ever reach the high school, its benefits are not commensu- rate with the expense which it adds to the system ; they also main- tain that the establishment of high schools is not contemplated by the Constitution of Illinois, since the term “ high school ” is not used in that instrument. In reply, it may be remarked that the term “ common school ” means an open school, one which the children of those residing in a certain locality may attend. It does not mean a school in which nothing but the common branches of an English education are authorized to be taught. The question as to what branches may be taught in the public schools has ever been left to the directors. Even in the old inde- pendent system it was rare to find a common school in which there were none of the higher branches taught. Indeed, one of the prin- cipal inducements for engrafting the high school department upon the common school system in cities and towns where this modifica- tion of the system originated, was to economize labor, by collecting into one school, to be taught by a less number of teachers, all the pupils who were studying the higher branches in the several common schools. The argument that a high school ought not to be estab- lished because all the children or youth of the district or township will not be likely to enjoy its benefits, might also be urged against the establishment of all gradation in a school system, and against the formation of higher classes in the ordinary district schools. If the only advantages to be derived from the high school were the higher education received by those who actually enter it, the principal inducement to the organization of such a department would no longer exist. The strong argument always urged for the establishment of such a school, is the beneficial reflex influence which it exerts upon the pupils in the schools of lower grade. Boards of education, teachers, and superintendents of public instruction everywhere express a unanimous judgment on this point. From the foregoing statements — and similar ones might be multiplied to an almost indefinite extent — the following conclusions may be drawn : — 1. That in a common school system, high schools, or high school departments, exert a most salutary influence upon the lower grades, stimulating the efforts of teachers, and increasing the exertions of pupils by the constant hope of promotion which they encourage. 2. They economize labor by enabling the teacher to give thorough and systematic instruction to a much larger number of pupils, and enabling them to obtain a given amount of education in a much less time. - 3. They furnish, in due time, highly qualified teachers for all the schools of lower grade. 4. They afford an opportunity for thousands to obtain an educa- tion of a high order, who, without such aid, would be doomed to pass through life with the mere rudiments of knowledge. 5. They evoke genius, develop talent, and draw out those intellectual and moral resources which the spirit of the age, and the highest interests of the State demand. 6. They supersede the necessity of private schools, and thus relieve the community of the expense of sustaining a two-fold system of education — common schools for the education of the poor and academies or select schools for the children of the afflu- ent. We have given briefly the history of the public schools in Macon county, and of such parts of the history of the public school system of the state as relate to the county. No county in the state has made greater progress in its schools in the same length of time than Macon. Beginning with a rude system that would not be recognized to-day as of any merit, it has made rapid progress, until to-day our schools are so graded and conducted that they offer ample facilities for a liberal education to all who have any desire for literary culture. . It may be true that apathy and ignorance prevail in some quar- ters, and remissness in duty with some teachers and school-officers ; yet a careful observer will be fully convinced that the existing evils are fast disappearing, and the whole people realize the importance of supporting none but good schools, and of employing none but good teachers. With all the liberal provisions for a thorough education of all the children, yet the system is by no means perfect. The grand enterprise is but in its infancy, and requires careful and judicious attention to secure the results desired. These should be such that they will prepare everyone for the duties of a freeman, and to assist him in becoming an industrious, intelligent, self-supporting citi- zen. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 79 CHAPTER XIII. PATRIOTISM OF MACON COUNTY. BLACK HAWK WAR — MEXICAN WAR — AND WAR FOR THE UNION. N the year 1767, there was born in the Sauk village an Indian boy, destined to be a great leader of his people. Tracuta Wahicatah was the name given him, but the whites in after years called him Black Hawk. As he grew tomaturity, he gave evidence of superior talents. He proved himself brave in battle, and sagacious and eloquent in the councils of his tribe. Inferior no doubt he was to the great Shawnee warrior, Tecumseh, or to the Pequot chief, Philip, but his portrait reveals the passion of deep lines of character. His forehead is broad and high, his jaws massive and mouth firm. He was ambitious of a warrior’s fame; but he was always merciful to the weak and to the women and children of the pale faced-foe who fell into his hands. In 1810 and 1811 Black Hawk and comrades were “nursing their wrath to keep it warm,” against the whites. A party of Sacs, by invitation, went to see the prophet at Tippecanoe. They returned more angry against the Americans. A party of Winnebagoes had massacred some whites, which excited for murder the Sac band headed by Black Hawk. A part of his band and some Winneba- goes attacked Port Madison in 1811, but were repulsed. Black Hawk headed the Sacs in this attack. In 1812 emissaries from the British arrived at Rock Island with goods, and secured Black Hawk with five hundred warriors to go with Col. Dixon to Canada. When they reached Green Bay there were assembled there bands of the Ottowas, Pottawatomies, Win- nebagoes, and - Kickapoos, under the command of Col. Dixon. Black Hawk and band participated in the battles of River Raisin, the Lower Sandusky, and other places, but getting dissatisfied with the hard fighting and small amount of spoils, he and twenty com- rades, left for the Sauk village at Rock Island, w T here he remained for many years at peace, with the exception of a small battle on the Quiver river settlement in Missouri, in the present limits of St. Charles county, where one white man and an Indian were killed. CAMPAIGN OF 1831-32. The principal cause of the Indian troubles in 1831-32, better known as the Black Hawk war, was the determination of Black Hawk and his band to remain in their ancient villages, located on Rock river, not far from its junction with the Mississippi. The government having some time previously, by various treaties, pur- chased the village and the whole country from the Sac and Fox tribe of Indians, had some of these lands surveyed, and in 1828 some of the lands in and around the ancient village were sold ; the collision between the two races for the possession of the property produced the first disturbance between the Indians and the government. Seeing that war was inevitable the Governor of Illinois made a call on the militia of the state for seven hundred men on the 26th of May, 1831, and appointed Beardstown, on the Illinois river, as the place of rendezvous. The call was responded to with that prompt- ness characteristic of the early pioneers of this state. Their habits of life were such that all were familiar with the rifle. After marching eight days, the mounted militia reached a point a few miles below the Sac village on the Mississippi, wdiere they joined the United States forces under Gen. Gaines, and encamped in the evening. The next morning the forces marched up to the Indian town prepared to give the enemy battle ; but in the night the Indians had escaped and crossed the Mississippi. This ended Black Hawk’s bravado and his determination to die in his ancient village. The number of warriors under his command was estimated at from four to six hundred men. Black Hawk and his band landed on the west side of the Mississippi, a few miles below Rock Island, and there camped. “Gen. Gaines sent a peremptory order to him and his warriors that if he and his head men did not come to Rock Island and make a treaty of peace, he would march his troops and give him battle at once. * * * * In a few days Black Hawk and the chiefs and head men to the number of twenty-eight, ap- peared at Fort Armstrong, and on the 30th of June, 1831, in full council with Gen. Gaines and Governor John Reynolds, signed a treaty of peace.” THE BLACK HAWK WAR IN 1832. During the winter of 1831-32 rumors were rife that Black Hawk and his band were dissatisfied, restless, and preparing for mischief. A chief of the Winnebago Indians who had a village on Rock river, some thirty miles above its confluence with the Mississippi, joined Black Hawk, who w r as located on the west bank of the Father of Waters. The chief had great influence with Black Hawk and his band. He made them believe that all the tribes on Rock river would join them, and that together they could bid defiance to the whites. By this unwise counsel Black Hawk resolved to re-cross the river, which he did in the winter of 1832. That move proved to be their destruction. Through his influence and zeal Black Hawk encouraged many of the Sacs and Foxes to joiu him at the head of his determined warriors. He first assembled them at old Fort Madison on the Mississippi; subsequently, marched them up the river to the Yellow Banks, where he pitched his tent April 6th, 1832. This armed array of savages soon alarmed the settlers, and a general panic spread through the whole frontier, from the Mississippi to Lake Michigan. Many settlers in terror abandoned their homes and farms, and the Governor decided, on the 16th of April, to call out a large number of volunteers to operate in conjunction with Gen. Atkinson, who -was in command of the regular forces at Rock Island. The Governor ordered the troops to rendezvous at Beardstown on the 22d of April. We give Governor Reynolds’ circular which he addressed to the citizen- soldiers in the crisis then pending : “ To the Militia of the North-western section of the State: “ Fellow-citizens : “ Your country requires your services. The Indians have as- sumed a hostile attitude, and have invaded the state in violation of the treaty of last summer. The British band of Sacs and other hostile Indians, headed by Black Hawk, are in possession of the Rock river country, to the great terror of the frontier inhabitants. I consider the settlers on the frontiers to be in imminent danger. I am in possession of the above information from gentlemen of respectable standing, and also from Gen. Atkinson, whose character stands high with all classes. In possession of the abo\ie facts I have hesitated not as to the course I should pursue. No citizen ought to remain inactive when his country is invaded, and the helpless part of the community are in danger. I have called out a large detachment of militia to rendezvous at Beardstown on the 22d. Provisions for the men and food for the horses will be fur- nished in abundance. I hope my countrymen will realize my expectations, and offer their services, as heretofore, with prompti- tude and cheerfulness in defence of their country. “ John Reynolds.” To the stirring appeal of the Governor, the patriotic citizens of the state and Macon county nobly responded. Many of the best and most prominent men of the county enlisted to protect the frontier and preserve the honor of the state, and did signal service 80 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. in the memorable events of the Black Hawk war. Among the citizens of Macon county, who went out in the campaign of 1832, there were as follows : Officers. Jas. Johnson,* captain, promoted to rank of colonel May 16th, 1832. f First lieut. William Warnick, 1832. Second lieut. J. C. Pugh, promoted to captain May 16th, 1832. J. D. Wright, 1st sergt ; James A. Ward, 2d sergt., subsequently promoted to the rank of 2d lieut.; Walter Bowls, 3d sergt.; Joseph Hanks, 4th sergt ; Henry M. Gorin, 1st corporal ; S. R. Shepard, 2d corporal ; G. Coppenbarger, 3d corporal ; James Milton, 4th corporal The following were privates: — Asher Simpson, A. W. Bell, Abram. Black, D. McCall, D. H. Stewart, Elisha Butler, G. D. Smallwood, John Hanks, Jacob Lane, John Henderson, James Querry, James Miller, John Manly, James Ennis, John Clifton, Jesse Dickey, John Williams, John Murphy, Jacob Black, James Ilerrod, Kinian Ingram, C. Hooper, Robert Smith, S. B. Dewees, S. Miller, S. Troxel, Thos. Davenport, William Hanks, William Adams, Wil- liam Miller, William Hooper, William Cox, Joseph Clifton. The company was mounted rangers, and became a part of the fifth regiment. Captain Johnson was promoted to the rank of Colonel, on the 16th of May, and placed in command of the fifth regiment, and Lieut. Pugh became Captain, They were a part of the Brigade under command of Gen Samuel D. Whiteside. On the 12th of May they reached Dixon’s ferry, where they were joined by Major Stillman and his detachment of 275 men ; Stillmau declined to join Whiteside’s Brigade. Majors Stillman and Baily received orders to go to “Old Man’s Creek,” now Stillman’s run, to ascertain the movements of the Indians. The two battalions camped about ten miles from the ferry on the evening of the 13th. The next morning Stillman took command of both battalions, con- tinued the pursuit until sunset, when they camped in “ front of a small creek,” (Stillman’s run), about thirty miles from Dixon. Black Hawk, learning of their approach, sent out three men to escort them to his camp, that a council might be held ; but the men were taken prisoners. Five others were sent out for the same purpose, but two of them were killed. This aroused Black Hawk, and with about forty men he met the assailants— the main body of his warriors being about ten miles away — and routed them com- pletely, and in great confusion. In the fight, Major Perkins, Capt. Adams, and nine men were killed, one of whom, James Milton, was from Macon county. William Cox, and others from this county, had their horses shot. Captain William Warnick organized (the second Company) in the summer of 1832. It was called “The Rangers.” The officers were Wm. Warnick, Captain, Elisha Freeman, 1st Lieut., Isaac Pugh, 2d Lieut., Alexander Bell, Orderly Sergeant. The company was fifty strong. They enlisted for sixty days, and furnished their own horses, arms, ammunition, and provisions. This com- pany was organized for the protection of the frontier counties. They left Decatur June 4th, 1832, and marched to where Monti- cello, 111., now stands, where they went into camp. While here they learned that the Indian village of Kickapoo near the head of the Big Vermillion, had been deserted by the warriors, who had gone to assist Black Hawk, and left their squaws, pappooses, and a few old men in charge of the village. The company proceeded to the village, but found that it had been entirely deserted about three days before their arrival. At the expiration of the sixty days, Capt. Warnick and men returned to their homes, but were told to hold themselves in readiness for further service. They were * These men enlisted April 21th, 1S32, for the term of thirty-five days. f For list of names of those who went to the Black Hawk war, we are in- debted to Smith’s History of Macon county. finally discharged 113 days after their enlistment. Each man of this company received for his services, $52.00, and a land warrant for 160 acres of land. There may have been others, but these are all the names that we have been able to gather, as no official record has been pre- served at Springfield. Few of the hardy soldiers of this war remain with us ; many after the war was ended moved to other sections of the country, and many have passed over the river and are now in the embrace of the silent sleep of death. The force marched to the mouth of Rock river, where General Atkinson received the volunteers into the United States service and assumed command. Black Hawk and his warriors were still up on the Rock river. The army under Atkinson commenced its march up the river on the 9th of May. Gov. Reynolds, the gallant “Old Ranger,” re- mained with the army, and the President recognized him as a major-general, and he was paid accordingly. His presence in the army did much toward harmonizing and conciliating those jealousies which generally exist between volunteers and regular troops. Major John A. Wakefield and Colonel Ewing acted as spies for a time in the campaign of ’32, to discover the location of the enemy, if possi- ble. A Mr. Kinney acted as guide for them ; he understood the Sac dialect. On the 14th of May, 1832, Major Stillman’s command had a sort of running battle with the Indians at or near what is now known as Stillman’s run, a small, sluggish stream. In this engagement eleven white men and eight Indians were killed. Black Hawk and warriors fought with the spirit born of despera- tion. Black Hawk says in his book that he tried at Stillman’s run to call back his warriors, as he thought the whites were making a sham retreat in order to draw him into an ambuscade of the whole army under Gen. Whiteside. The hasty retreat and rout of Stillmau and his army was, in a measure, demoralizing to the entire forces. Undoubtedly the cause of the defeat was a lack of discipline. When Gov- Reynolds learned of the disaster of Major Stillman, he at once ordered out two thousand additional volun- teers. With that promptitude characteristic of the old “ War Governor, ’ he wrote out by candle-light on the evening of Stillman’s defeat, the order for the additional troops, and by daylight dis- patched John Ewing, Robert Blackwell, and John A. Wakefield to distribute the order to the various counties. The volunteers again promptly responded ; however, the soldiers from this county did but little fighting. On the 10th of July the army disbanded for want of provisions. Gen. Scott arrived soon after with a large force at the post of Chicago, to effect, if possible, a treaty with the Indians. Small detachments of Black Hawk’s warriors would persistently hang on the outskirts of the main body of the army, thieve and plunder, and pounce upon and kill the lonely sentinel or straggling soldier. On the 15th of July the soldiers were reviewed, and those incapable of duty were discharged and returned home. Poquette, a half-breed, and a Winnebago chief, the “ White Pawnee,” were selected for guides to the camp of Black Hawk and band. Several battles and skirmishes occurred with the enemy, the principal of which was on the banks of the Mississippi, where the warriors fought with great desperation. Over one hundred and fifty were killed in the engagement, and large numbers drowned in attempting to swim the river. After the battle the volunteer’s were marched to Dixon, where they were discharged. This ended the campaign and the Black Hawk war. At the battle of the Bad Axe, Black Hawk and some of his warriors escaped the Americans, and had gone up on the Wisconsin river, but subsequently surrendered himself. Fort Armstrong, on Rock Island, was the place appointed where a treqty woqld be made with the Indians, but before it was HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 81 effected, that dreadful scourge, the cholera of 1832, visited not only the regular army, depleting its ranks far more rapidly than the balls of the Indians had done, but it also sought out its many vic- tims in the dusky bands of the Black Hawk tribe. On the 15th of September, 1832, a treaty was made with the Win- nebago Indians. They sold out all their lands in Illinois and all south of the Wisconsin river and west of Green bay, and the govern- ment gave them a large district of country west of the Mississippi, and ten thousand dollars a year for seven years, besides providing free schools for their children for twenty years, oxen, agricultural implements, etc., etc. September 21st, 1832, a treaty was made with all the Sac and Fox tribes, on which they ceded to the United States the tract of country on which a few years afterwards the State of Iowa was formed. In consideration of the above cession of lands, the govern- ment gave them an annuity of twenty thousand dollars for thirty years, forty kegs of tobacco and forty barrels of salt, more gun- smiths, blacksmith shop, etc., etc., six thousand bushels of corn for immediate support, mostly intended for the Black Hawk band. The treaties above mentioned terminated favorably, and the security resulting therefrom gave a new and rapid impetus to the development of the state, and now enterprising towns and villages, and beautiful farms, adorn the rich and alluvial prairies that before were only desecrated by the wild bands who inhabited them. Agricultural pursuits, commerce and manufactures, churches and schools, are lending their influence to advance an intelligent and prosperous people. THE MEXICAN WAR.* War was declared with Mexico in May, 1846, and Illinois, under the call for volunteers, was entitled to three regiments. The sheriff of Macon county, under the proclamation of Gov. Ford, called for the enlistment of volunteers. Under this call company C of what was afterwards the 4th regiment was raised, consisting of 78 men. When the company reached Springfield thirty companies had al- ready reported, and the three regiments were full. E. D. Bakerf, then a prominent man of Illinois, through the influence of Hon. O. B. Ficklin, our member in Congress, prevailed on President Polk to allow him to raise a 4th regiment from Illinois, and by this means the Macon county men entered the service. Mr. Baker was elected Colonel, Lieut. Gov. Moore was elected Lieutenant Colonel, and Thomas Harris^ was elected Major of the regiment. The late Gen. I. C. Pugh was elected Captain of company C, and Senator R. J. Oglesby, 1st Lieutenant ; Anderson Froruon, 2d Lieutenant; John P. Post, 3d Lieutenant ; Stephen Osborn, 1st Sergeant; G. W. Galbreath, 2d Sergeant ; B. F. Oglesby, 3d Sergeant ; B. L. Martin, 1st Corporal ; James Hollingsworth, 2d Corporal ; W. J. Usrey, 3d Corporal ; and G. W. Nelson, 4th Corporal. The following is a list of the volunteers: Madison Bradshaw, P. T. Bebee, Laban Chambers, J. M. Dicky, W. P. Davidson, James Greenfield, J. Horner, Wm. Hawks, Levi Hite, T. Johnson, H. Lord, J. C. Malson, I. Martin, Chris. Mayers, G. M. Braden, A. Botkin, George Carver, G. W. Dillow, Dial Davis, David Huffman, D. Howell, M. M. Henry, John Henry, J. A. Lowrie, Thomas Lord, G. J. Malson, H. Martin, Chas. Nelson, W. W. Chapman, G. W. Church, J. B. Case, W. Dean, A. Greenfield, Sterne Helm, S. K. Harrell, W. D. B. Henry, I. Inman, J. C. Leadbetter, A. B. Lee, Ben. Martin, Wm. McDaniel, Wm. Nesbitt, James S. Post, * For this article on the Mexican war, and list of names, we are indebted to the History of Macon county, published by John W. Smith, Esq. f Afterwards Senator from Oregon, Major General in the late war, and who was killed at Ball’s Bluff. t After whom Harristown was afterwards named. 11 James Rea, J. Sheppard, D. G. Stevens, J. A. Sheplcy, James Turn- er, J. D. Travis, W. R. Wheeler, W. E. Warnick, Robert War- nick, Richard Barnwell, J. Perryman, Wm. Robinson, Jason Sprague, W. E. Lee, T. Souther, F. E. Travis, T. D Turney, Lewis Ward, J. W. White, James Freeman,* Miles Boswortli, David Bailer, S. Rice, E Rice, R. H. Stewart, Dan. Spangler, J. Saun- ders, J. B. Travis, William Wheeler, B. E. Wells, B. White, J. M. Arwood, Jesse Butler. Company C marched from Decatur to Springfield about the middle of June, 1846, where the regiment was formed. After remaining at Springfield a short time, the regiment marched to Alton, where arms were in store, which the regiment procured by a little maneuvering on the part of Col. Baker and Capt. J. S. Post. Col. J. J. Hardin, believing that he was entitled to these arms, stoutly protested against their appropriation by Col. Baker, and a wordy warfare ensued which came near resulting in a duel. From Alton the regiment was transferred to Jefferson Barracks, and there placed under charge of Col. Churchill, commandant, under whom it received thorough discipline and drill. About the 20th of July the regiment was mustered into service by Col. Crogan, of Fort Meigs notoriety. In a few days the regiment received orders and embarked for Now Orleans, and thence to Brazos, Santiago Bay, four miles north of the mouth of the Rio Grande, where it disembarked. After remaining at this point for about a week orders were received to march up the Rio Grande eight miles where occurred the first death in Co. C, viz : Second Sergeant George Galbreath. As Col. Baker and a squad of twelve men, all from Macon county, detailed to bury Mr. G-, were about to return to camp, they heard a disturbance on board of a steamboat nearby, and on arriving at the scene, they learned that an Irish company, in a drunken melee, had driven from the boat the Kennesaw rangers. Baker ordered his handful of men on the boat to quell the disturbance; but no sooner had he done so, than a hand-to-hand encounter ensued, in which the colonel and his squad were soon overpowered and compelled to retire : but not without loss. Col . Baker received a rapier thrust, penetrating his mouth and extending through the back of his neck; Capt J. S. Post was wounded in the breast, having a rib broken ; Charles Dillow, f killed ; R. H. Stewart, bayoneted in the thigh ; and seven others of the squad more or less injured. At this point orders were received to move still further up the river to Matamoras, on the Mexican side, where they remained a few days, and then moved on to Camargo, where a great deal of sickness ensued. Returning to Matamoras, they then marched to Victoria — marching on Christmas day forty-five miles. About the first of January, 1847, orders were received to march to Tampico, two hundred miles distant, at which place preparations were made for an attack on Vera Cruz. Taking ship at Tampico about the first of February, Vera Cruz was reached in sixteen days, and Company C assisted in the construction of the batteries and the bombardment of the city, which surrendered March 29. After the taking of the city of Vera Cruz, Scott’s army marched for the City of Mexico, and en wide met Santa Anna, at the mountain pass of Cerro Gordo, on the eighteenth of April, where a battle was fought. Company C had but forty-eight men in this engagement, two of whom were killed and ten wounded. The killed were J. C. Malson and George Nelson. At this battle Santa Anna came near being taken prisoner, and in his effort to escape left in his carriage $25,000 in silver and his conk leg, which were captured by Company C, it being at the head Joined the company at Brazos. f His last words were : “ If I have got to go, the road to heaven is just as near from here as from Macon county.” 82 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. of the brigade. The next morning ensuing the battle, Gen. Scott followed on to Jalapa where Company C remained about a month, when the time of enlistment expired, and the company returned via New Orleans and St. Louis, arriving at home about the first of June, 1847, bringing with them the banner received from the citi- zens on their departure. They were very enthusiastically received. A grand barbecue was prepared for the returning volunteers, aud a day of general rejoicing was had, still remembered with satisfaction by the participants. THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. Our nation has passed through four great wars, viz: The Revo- lutionary War, waged in behalf of national independence ; the War of 181*2, in defence of the rights of American seamen and the national commerce; the Mexican War, caused by the annexation of Texas ; and lastly, the War of the Rebellion, whose rise, progress and results are still fresh in the memory of the present generation. To enter upon a discussion of the causes which plunged the country into the last of these great struggles, the fiercest and bloodiest civil conflict known in ancient or modern times, would entirely transcend the aim of the present chapter. That is a duty incumbent upon the general historian. It is our purpose, rather, to collate and compile, in a succinct form, all the accessible facts pertaining to the part taken by Macon county in the war of the rebellion. No county in the State has greater cause to be proud of its military record. When the nation was in peril and called for defenders, the sons of Macon county responded nobly to the call, and their brave deeds, on scores of bloody fields, extending from Gettysburg to Shiloh, will ever constitute the brightest pages in the annals of the county. The total number of men furnished by Macon county during the war was about twenty-five hundred ; the amount of bounty money raised and paid to the soldiers, $180,000. To the sketch of each regiment here given is appended as complete a roster of the members recruited in this county as it is possible to make from the data preserved. Taking the regiments in numerical order, the record begins with the SEVENTH (7th) ILLINOIS CAVALRY. col. wm. pitt kellogg’s regiment, Which was organized at Camp Butler, near Springfield, Illinois, and mustered into service October 13, 1861. Companies A, C, J, and G were ordered directly to Bird’s Point, Missouri, where they were joined by the other companies of the regiment on the 25th of the following December. In January the regiment, except com- panies B, C, J, and L moved to Cape Girardeau, Mo. ; company J, to which most of the men from Macon county belonged, remain- ing at Bird's Point aud engaging in scouting during the winter. At New Madrid the regiment was again united, and moved to Island No. 10 ; thence to Hamburg Landing, Tennessee River, and in the direction of Corinth ; participated in the battle of luka and afterwards in the battle of Corinth, October 2d, 3d and 4th, 1862. December 1st the regiment was assigned to the cavalry command of Col. Dickey, and moved to Holly Springs, Mississippi ; pursued Price to Coffeeville and returned to Western Tennessee. April 17th, started on “Grierson’s Raid” to Baton Rouge; December 26th the regiment fought the entire force of Forrest, and afterwards took part in an engagement at Moscow, Tennessee; shortly thereafter moved to Decatur, Alabama, and thence re- turned to Nashville. Having been in active service four years and three months, with an untarnished record, the regiment was mustered out of service, and received its final pay and discharge at Camp Butler, Illinois, November 17th, 1865. MUSTER ROLL SEVENTH CAVALRY— COMPANY “I”. COLONELS. W. P. Kellogg, Sept. 8, 1861. Edward Prince, June 1 , ’62. John M. Graham, March 1, ’65. Resigned June 1, 1862. Time expired, Oct. 15, ’64, was Lt. Col. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65, was Maj. LIEUTENANT COLONELS. W. D. Blackburn, Feb. 10, 63. Geo. W. Trafton, March 17, ’63. II. C. Forbes, March 1, ’65. Died of wounds May 17, ’63. Dismissed Nov. 4, ’64. Mustered out Nov. 4, 65, was Major. Cyrus Hall, Sept. 21, ’61. James Rawalt, Sept. 21, '61. Z. Applington. Nov. 13, ’61. Henry Case, Feb. 1, ’62. H. C. Nelson, April 24, ’62. A P. Koehler, May 15, ’62. A. W. McDonald, June 22, ’63. Geo. A. Root, May 10, 65. M. G. Wiley, May 10, ’65. Henry Stockdale, Jan. 30, ’62. Allen W. Heald, May 10, ’65. Resigned for promotion Feb. 9, ’62. Resigned June 10, ’62. Killed in battle May 15, ’62. Resigned April 4, '62. Resigned June 22, ’63. Resigned May 14, ’63. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. ADJUTANTS. Mustered out May 26, ’62. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Geo. Bestor, Jan. 15. Charles Wills, Jan. 15. BATTALION ADJUTANTS. Mustered out ’62. Mustered out ’62. QU ARTERM ASTERS. W. A. Dickerson, Oct. 25, 61. Mustered out May 26, ’62. J. R. W. Hinchtnan, Oct. 28, ’62. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. BATTALION QUARTERMASTERS. James T. Myers, Dec. 25, ’62. John W. Resor, Dec. 25, ’61. C. D. Rankin, Oct. 28, ’61. Daniel Stahl, Sept. 9, ’62. Thomas J. Riggs, Sept. 16, ’64. Mustered out ’62. Mustered out May 26, ’62. SURGEONS. Resigned Jan. 1, ’62. Discharged Sept. 9, ’64. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65, was 1st Asst. FIRST ASSISTANT SURGEON. Chas. H. Novell, April 3, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. SECOND ASSISTANT SURGEON. A. G Gilbert, May 29, ’63. Discharged Sept. 5, ’64. M. W. Nesmith, April 15, ’65. Simon G. Meinor, Oct. 3, ’61. H. F. Barker, Oct, 1, ’62. Daniel F. Robbins, Oct. 4, ’64. A. J. Gallagher, Aug. 16, ’61. William Ashmead, June 20, ’62. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. CHAPLAIN. Term expired Oct. 15, ’64. COMMISSARIES. Term expired Oct. 15, ’64. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. CAPTAINS. Resigned June 20, ’62. Term expired Oct. 15, ’64 ; was 2d lieutenant. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Byron II. Tuller, Nov. 28, ’— . FIRST LIEUTENANTS. W. H. Stratton, Aug. 19, ’61. Terra expired Oct. 15, ’65. Horace K. Rice, May 28, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. SECOND LIEUTENANTS. S. G. Washburn, June 20, ’62. Term expired Oct. 4, ’64. O. L. Kendall, June 28, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, 65. FIRST SERGEANT. Clark, Wm. F., Sept. 3, ’61. Killed in action March 1, ’62. QUARTERMASTER SERGEANT.- Flattery, George, Sept. 3, ’61. Mustered out Oct. 15, ’64. SERGEANTS. Haworth, John W. Sept. 3, ’61. Mustered out Oct. 15, ’64. Ruby, Matthew, Sept. 3, '61. Gardner, Geo. H., Sept. 3, 61. Washburn, S. G-, Sept. 3, ’61. corporals. Mustered out Oct. 15, ’64. Mustered out Oct. 15, ’64. Promoted 2d lieut. Dickson, Archibald, Sept. 3, ’61. Dunbar, Daniel H., Sept. 3, ’61. Kaylor, Geo. W-, Sept. 3, ’61. Ashmead, Marion, Sept. 3, ’61. McComas, W. D-, Sept. 3, ’61. Jordan, Abner H., Sept. 2, ’61. Varney, Thad. P., Sept. 3, ’61. Hilt, William, SeDt. 3, ’61. Re-enlisted as veteran. Mustered out Oct. 15, ’64. Killed in action May 1, ’62. Killed in action May 30, '62. Discharged Dec. 1, ’62. Killed in action May 30. ’62. Mustered out Sept. 8, ’64. Mustered out Oct. 15, ’64. HISTORY OF MAO ON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 83 BUGLERS. King, Davis T., Sept. 3, ’61. Promoted Chief Bugler. Strong, Jos. J., Sept. 3, ’61. Promoted Chief Bugler. FARRIER. Furr, Argyle W., Sept. 3, ’61. Mustered out Oct. 15, ’64. BLACKSMITH. Fornof, George, Sept. 3, ’61. Mustered out Oct. 15, '64. WAGONER. Deal, Wm., Sept. 31, ’61. Mustered out Oct. 15, ’64. PRIVATES. RECRUITS. Mustered out July 12, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ‘65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Died Nov. 14, '63. Adams, John O., Sept. ’61. Bolirer, John, Sept. 3, ’61. Belknap, C. M , Sept. 3, ’61. Bartlett, Robt., Sept. 3, ’61. Beals, Luther, Sept. 3, ’61. Calhoun, Webster, Sept. 3, ’61. Calhoun, David, Sept. 3, ’61. Cornwell, Isaac P., Sept. 3, ’61. Clark, Geo., Sept. 3, ’61. Dugan, Charles, Sept. 3, ’61. Dugger, Wm. A., Sept. 3, ’61. Doner, Wm. H., Sept. 3, ’61. Dawson, Eb., Sept. 3, ’61. Dickson, Geo., Sept. 3, ’61. Earles, Walter. Sept. 3, ’61. Fletcher, Geo. W., Sept. 3, ’61. Gibbs, Ed. M., Sept. 3, ’61. Goff, Chas., Sept. 3, '61. Grove, William, Sept. 3, ’61. Grady, Henry, Sept. 3, ’61. Hartman, Jno P.. Sept. 3, ’61. Hopkins, Chas. P., Sept. 3, ’61. Hays, John, Sept. 3, '61. Haworth, Frank, Sept. 3, ’61. Hafrau, James, Sept. 3, ’61. Jones, Jas. M., Sept. 3, ’61. Jones, John S . Sept. 3, ’61. Kendall, O. L., Sept. 3, ’61. Knipple, Henry, Sept. 3, ’61. Ledbetter, Jas. C., Sept. 3, ’61. Martin, Wm., Sept. 3, ’61. Martin, Henry, Sept. 3, ’61. May, Marion, Sept. 3, ’61. Myers, Henry, Sept. 3, ’61. McRay or McKay, Sept. 3, '61. Melviile, Edward. Sept. 3, ’61. Miller, Lawrence, Sept. 3, ’61. McElrov, Jas., Sept. 3, ’61. McDougal, J. R., Sept. 3, ’61. McCay, Thos., Sept. 3, '61. Nicholson, James, Sept. 3, ’61. Nicholson, James P., Sept. 3, ’61. Powers, John, Sept. 3, ’61. Powers, Michael, Sept. 3, ’61. Paine, Robert S-, Sept. 3, ’61. Riley, William, Sept, 3, ’61. Ruby, Henry, Sept. 3, ’61. Rice, Horace K., Sept. 3, ’61. Sullivan, M., Sept. 3, ’61. Smith, Cyrus B„ Sept. 3, ’61. Stookey, John A., Sept. 3, ’61. Smythe, Charles E., Sept. 3, ’61. Temple, Pulaski L., Sept. 3, ’61. Tater, Henry, Sept. 3, ’61. Taber, Augustus A., Sept, 3, ’61. Thomas, John R., Sept. 3, ’61. Tuller, Byron H., Sept. 3, ’61. Vancourt, John D , Sept. 3, ’61. Weatherby, W. D., Sept. 3, ’61. Williams, Charles, Sept. 3, ’61. Wood, George W., Sept. 3, ’61. Webb, Edward S., Sept. 3, ’61. Westfall, Charles, Sept. 3, ’61. Walters, James L., Sept. 3, ’61. Yopes, Simon, Sept. 3, ’61. Re-enlisted as veteran. Mustered out Oct, 15, ’65. Re enlisted as veteran ; mustered out Nov. 4, ’65, as Sergeant. Re-enlisted as veteran; mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Re-enlisted as veteran; mustered out Nov 4, ’65. Re-enlisted as veteran ; mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Mustered out Oct. 15, ’64. Re-enlisted as veteran. Mustered out Oct. 15, ’64, as Sergt. Mustered out Oct. 15, ’64. Discharged April 8, '63, as Corporal. Mustered out Oct. 15, as Sergt. Discharged March 4, ’62. Re-enlisted as veteran; mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Mustered out Oct, 15, ’65. Discharged July, ’62. Mustered out Oct. 15, ’64. Died Andersonville, Aug. 10, ’64. Died Andersonville, July 23, '64. Mustered out Oct. 15, ’64. Mustered out Oct. 15, '64, as Sergt. Re-enlisted as Veteran, Private, Sergt., then Lieutenant, Re-enlisted a« veteran ; mustered out Nov. 4, ’65, as Corporal. Discharged July, '62. Re-enlisted as veteran ; mustered out Nov. 4, '65. Discharged Oct., ’62. Discharged Dec., ’62. Transferred to Co. M. Mustered out Oct, 15 ’64, as Corporal. Re-enlisted as Veteran; mustered out Nov 4, '65, as Sergt. Died of wounds received in camp. Discharged April 6, '63. Re-enlisted as vet.; mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Discharged May, ’62. Died of wounds received Dec. 5, 62. Re-enlisted as vet. ; mustered out Nov. 4, ’65, as veteran. Mustered out Oct. 4, ’64. Mustered out Oct. 15, ’64. Re-enlisted as vet, ; mustered oittNov. 4, ’65, as corporal. Promoted sergeant, then 1st lieutenant. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65, as corporal. Discharged Jan., ’62. Died Feb. 11, ’62. Mustered out Sept. 20, ’65. Discharged Sept., ’62. Discharged April 16, ’63. Private hospital steward, U. S. A. Mustered out Aug. 29, ’64. Promoted to captain. Discharged April 30, ’62, as corporal. Discharged July, '62. Discharged July, ’62. Mustered out Oct. 15, ’64. Discharged Sept., ’62. Discharged May, ’62. Discharged March 4 ’62. Mustered out Sept. 8, ’64. Arbuckle, John H., Aug. 6, ’62. Adams, David, Dec. 22, ’63. Able, Dempsey, Dec. 15, ’63. Ater, Wm. II., Sept. 3, '61. Anderson, Jacob, Aug. 12, ’62. Bradley, Worth R., Feb. 2, ’64. Boddy, Robert, Dec. 14, ’63. Carmean, Robert, Dec. 14, ’63. Carmean, G. W., Dec. 18, ’63. Daniels, James W-, Jan. 29, ’64. Dunston, J. O., Jan. 4, ’64. Daily, John, March 18, ’64. Dunston, Charles, Jan. 4, ’64. Earles, Edward, Jan. 30, ’64. Emerson, Jerome, Feb. 7, ’65. Gregerty, John, Jan. 27, ’64. Gibbs, James A., Jan. 15, ’64. Hall, Eugene, Dec. 10, ’63 Holman, Wm., Jan. 26, ’64. Hoffman, Peter, Jan. 10, ’64. Holman, And. J., Feb. 9, ’64. Lawson, Taylor, Jan. 16, ’64. Lehn, Wilson, April 25, ’64. Martin, Henry, Dec. 15, ’63. McDougal, John R., Jan. 4, ’64. MeCune, Martin, Dec. 19. ’63. May, Theodore, Dec. 19, '63. Pate, Robert, April 7, ’64. Ruby, Horace S., Jan. 30, ’64. Rea, John T., Jan. 1, ’64. Reed, Elhannan, April 1, ’64. Reedy, James A., Jan. 26, ’64. Rockway, D. S., Jan. 24, ’64. Scott, William F., Dec. 31, ’63. Shinneman, A. T., Feb. 13, '64. Stookey, H. L., Jan. 30, ’64. Smith, Wm., Dec. 11, ’63. Stewart, Wm. C., Marcli 20, ’64, Wood, James, April 16, ’64. Williams, Charles, Jan. 25. ’64. Webber, Philip, Feb. 1, ’64. Wood, George W-, Feb. 9, ’65. Young, George, March 24, ’64. Dorris, James, Jan. 26, ’64. Daniels, James, Feb. 12. '64. Earles, Charles W., April 7, ’64, Glove, Alonzo M., Jan. 27, ’64. Saunders, Forest, Jan. 23, ’64. Scott, Wm. F., Dec. 21, ’63. Wilson, Wm. II., Mtrch 9, ’65. White, Wm. D., March 7, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4. ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4. ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65, as sergeant. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Died at La Grange, Teun., July 14, ’64, wounded. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’64, as corporal. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65, as corporal. Died at Memphis, Tenn., June 9, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Mustered out June 5, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65, as corporal. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Absent, sick at mustering out of regt. Absent, sick at mustering out of regt. Veteran ; mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Discharged Dec. 8, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Mustered out Nov. 4, ’65. Rejected. Discharged May 10, ’64. Discharged July 2, ’64. Discharged May 11, ’65. EIGHTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY. col. r. j. oglesby’s regiment. On the 25th of April, 1861, this regiment was organized for the three months’ service, Col. R. J. Oglesby, commanding. It was stationed at Cairo, Illinois, throughout its term of service, at the expiration of which it was mustered out. The regiment was reorganized for the three years’ service, July 25th, 1861. It was stationed at Cairo, Illinois, till October, when it was ordered to Bird’s Point, Mo., where it remained till Feb- ruary 2d, 1862, and then embarked for the Tennessee River ; met the enemy near Fort Henry, February 5th, and repulsed them ; was in advance of attack on Fort Donelson, February 11th, Lieut.- Col. Rhoads commanding, Col. Oglesby commanding brigade. On February 15th, the Eighth for nearly four hours withstood the shock of the enemy, attempting to cut their way out of the Fort, losing 57 killed, 191 wounded and 10 missing, among the latter being Major John P. Post. March 6th, moved to Savannah, and thence to Pittsburgh Landing, and participated in that battle, having in line 25 officers and 453 men, and losing 26 killed, 95 wounded, 11 missing; thence through the siege of Corinth, where Col. Oglesby was dangerously wounded. From Corinth the regi- ment was ordered to Bethel, thence to Jackson, Tennessee, Novem- ber 10th, 1862, remaining at the latter place till January 4th, 1863, Discharged Oct., ’62. Mustered out Oct. 15, ’64. UNASSIGNED RECRUITS. 84 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. when it was ordered to Grand Junction, and thence toward Mem- phis, camping five days at Lafayette, where it was joined by Col. Post who had been a prisoner since the battle of Donelson. On January 19th, the regiment entered Memphis: embarked February 22d,for Lake Providence: April 12th, moved to Milliken’s Bend; May 1st, reached Thompson’s Hill, and commenced the fight; marched to Utica; May 12th, met the enemy near Raymond, and did distinguished service ; May 14th, took part in the capture of Jackson; May 16th, participated in the hard-fought battle of Champion Hill ; May 18th, crossed Big Black River, and, on the 19th, drove the enemy into the fortifications of Vicksburg; on the 22d, was engaged in the terrible assault on Fort Hill, and bore a conspicuous part in the memorable siege of Vicksburg. August 21st, marched to Monroe; October 12th, moved toward Canton, and, after a severe skirmish at Brownsville, returned to Vicksburg, where it remained till February 3d, 1864, when it started on the Meridian campaign under General Sherman. Having re enlisted in 1863, and been veteranized March 24th, 1864, after a veteran furlough at Camp Butler, Illinois, the regiment left Vicksburg July 1st, for Jackson, the capital of Mississippi, which it occupied July 5th ; July 6th and 7th, took part in a hot engagement three miles from Jackson, losing 3 killed, 21 wounded and 2 missing. From July 29th to September 3d, engaged in the Morganzia expedi- tion ; from September 3d to December 31st, the regiment was at the mouth of the White River, Fort Pickering, Duvall’s Bluff, Mos- cow and Memphis. January 1st, 1865, left Memphis for New Orleans ; February 4th, moved to Dauphin Island, remaining there till March 17th, when, in the campaign against Mobile, it marched to the head of Mobile Bay, and intrenched itself near Spanish Fort ; March 30th, moved toward Blakely, Alabama, camping several days near that place ; April 9th, charged the enemy’s works, and after doing gallant service, was the first to plant the flag on the rebel fortifications, losing, in the charge, 10 killed and 54 wounded ; April 12th, marched to Mobile ; May 27th, embarked for Lakeport ; May 29th, camped near New Orleans; May 31st, moved to Shreveport, La. ; June 16th, marched to Marshall, Texas. This regiment, after having been in active service over five years, was mustered out at BatonRouge, La., May 4th, 1866, and received final pay and discharge at Springfield, Illinois, May 13th, 1866. During its term of service the Eighth had four different com- manders, as follows : Col. R- J. Oglesby, promoted Brig. General, April 1st, 1862, and Major-General, November 29th, 1862; Col. Frank L. Rhodes, re- signed, October 7th, 1862; Col. John P. Post, resigned September 28th, 1863; Col. Josiah A. Sheetz, resigned February 9th, 1866. MUSTER ROLL EIGHTH ILLINOIS INFANTRY. (Three Months.) COLONEL. R. J- Oglesby, May 3, '61. Re-enlisted 3 years service. LIEUTENANT COLONEL. Frank L. Rhodes, May 3, ’61. Re-enlisted 3 years service. majors. John P. Post, May 3, ’61. Re-enlisted 3 years service. Herman Leib, Oct. 7, ’62. Promoted Col. 9th Infantry (col.). captain co. “a.” I. C. Pugh, April 23, ’61. Re-enlisted 3 years service ; Col. 41st regiment. first lieutenant. I. N. Martin, April 23, ’61. SECOND LIEUTENANT. G. M. Bruce, April 23, ’61. Re-enlisted 3 years service. CAPTAIN CO. ‘‘ D.” H. P. Westerfield, April 30, ’Gl. John P. Post. FIRST LIEUTENANT. John M. Lowry, April 25, ’61. Resigned Sept. 3, ’62. SECOND LIEUTENANT. Thos. Goodman, April 25, ’61. Resigned July 25, ’61. MUSTER ROLL EIGHTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. (Three Years.) COLONELS. R. J. Oglesby, April 25, ’61. F. L. Rhodes, April 1, ’62. John P. Post, Oct. 7, 62. Josiah A. Sheetz, Sept. 23, '63. Lovd Wheaton, Feb. 9, ’64. Promoted Brig.-Gen. April 1, ’62; Major-Gen. Nov. 9, ’62. Resigned Oct. 7, ’62. Resigned Sept. 28, ’63- Promoted to Brevet Brig.-Gen. Nov. 25, ’62 ; resigned Feb. 9, ’66. Mustered out May 4,’ 66. LIEUTENANT COLONELS. R. H. Sturgess, Oct. 7, ’62. Noah Dennison, Nov. 8, ’66. H. Lieb, Oct. 7, ’62. Daniel Sayers, March 8, ’66. W. C Clark, Jan. 25, ’61. B. F. Monroe, June 25, ’62. Fred. A. King, July 25, ’64. Wm. W. Carver, Oct. 9, ’64. Lcander A. Sheetz, Nov. 25, ’65. Resigned July 25, ’63. Mustered out May 4, ’66. MAJORS. Prom. Col. 9th Louisiana (col.) Mustered out May 4, ’66. ADJUTANTS. Resigned June 25, ’62. Promoted Capt. Co. ‘‘ I.” Resigned Oct. 9, ’64. Mustered out May, 4, ’6 — . QUARTERMASTERS. Samuel Rhodes, Jan. 25, ’61. Resigned Dec. 9, ’61. H. N. Pearse, Dec. 10, ’61. Resigned Aug. 1, ’63. R. T. Mercer, Aug. 1, ’63. Mustered out May 4, ’66. SURGEONS. S. T. Trowbridge, April 25, ’61. Mustered out July 27, ’64. C. N. Dennison, July 27, ’64. Mustered out May 4, ’66. FIRST ASSISTANT SURGEONS. John M. Phipps, April 25, ’61. Resigned Feb. 16, ’63. W. F. Buck, Nov. 28, ’63. Mustered out May 4, ’66. SECOND ASSISTANT SURGEON. C. M. Spalding, May 27, ’65. Mustered out May 4, ’66. Samuel Day, Jan. 28. ’66. G. M. Price, July 25, ’61. Frank Leeper, Feb. 5, ’62. Geo. D. Durfee, May 14, ’63. CHAPLAIN. Mustered out Jan. 29, ’65. CAPTAINS. Resigned Feb. 5, ’62. Killed in battle. Mustered out May 4, ’66. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. W. J. Taylor, Feb. 5, ’62. Resigned Jan. 28, ’63. W. A. Albert, May 14. ’63. Term expired Jan. 27, ’64. Samuel Nicholson, Jan. 27, ’64. Mustered out May 4, ’66. SECOND LIEUTENANT. J. W- Reavis, Jan. 28, ’64. Mustered out May 4, ’66. D. W. Greenawalt, July 25, ’61. James Dunbar, July 25, ’61. Michael Matthews, July 25. ’61. Wm. M. Bullard, July 25, ’61. Robert E. Horey, July 25, ’61. George S. Leach, July 25, ’61. John B. Lowell, July 25, ’61. Marcellus Warner, July 25, ’61. Baker, Abijah J., July 25, ’61. Bashford, G. D., July 25, ’61. Bacon, John H., July 25, ’61. Cochrane, Henry, July 25, ’61. Cook, Andrew E., July 25, ’61. Dunn, James W., July 25, ’61. Denniston, Wm., July 25, ’61. Dudley, Jos. S., July 25, ’61. Florey, A. J., July 25, ’61. Fouch, Jos, July 25, ’61. SERGEANT. Died at Bird’s Point, Mo., Nov. 18, ’61. CORPORALS. Re-enlisted as vet. ; mustered out May 4, ’66. Killed at Ft. Donelson, Feb. 15, ’62. Died at Cincinnati, O., March 4, ’61, of wound received at Donelson. Discharged July 24, ’64. Killed at Ft. Donelson, Feb. 15, ’62. Died at Bird’s Point, Mo., Nov. 1, ’61. Killed at Raymond, Miss., May 12, '63. PRIVATES. Prom, sergeant; died June 4, ’63, of wounds received at Vicksburg. Promoted sergeant. Mustered out May 4, ’66. Killed at Shiloh, April 6, ’62. Re-enlisted as veteran. Mustered out July 30, ’64. Killed at Shiloh, April 6, ’62. Promoted corporal ; mustered out May 4, ’66. Discharged Aug. 15, ’62, of wounds at Donelson. Prom sergeant ; discharged July 10, ’65, of wounds rec’d at Jackson. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 85 Greer, B. F., July 25, ’61. Hagart, A. IT., July 25, ’61. Helm, L., July 25, ’61. Hess, Joseph, July 25, ’61. Hudson, Janies, July 25, ’61. Idell, Robert, July 25, ’61. Jefferson, W. J., July 25, ’61. James, Geo. W-, July 25, ’61. Jones, Andrew, July 25, ’61. Livingston, M. C., July 25; ’61. Leach, James, July 25, '61. Leland, James H., July 25, ’61. Muirhead, T. J., July 25, ’61. McDonald, J. C., July 25, ’61. Moskell, Ellis, July 25, ’61. Pope, Geo, S., July 25, ’61. Reavis, Jas. W.. July 25, ’61. Rock, Jos. W., July 25, ’61. Shively. H. C., July 25, ’61. Smith, Jos. W., July 2-5, ’61. Whitbeck, IT, July 25, ’61. Re-enlisted. Prom, corporal ; M. O., May 4, ’66. Prom, sergeant ; discharged Jan. 27, ’62. Discharged June 22, ’62, of wounds received at Donelson. Killed at Raymond, Miss., May 12, ’63. Mustered out May 4, ’66. Killed at Ft. Donelson, Feb. 15, ’62. Prom, corporal; killed at Champion Hill, May 16, ’63. Killed at Ft. Donelson, Feb. 15, ’6 . Mustered out July 30, ’64. Mustered out July 30, ’64. Killed at Shiloh April 6, ’61. Mustered out May 28, ’62. Killed at Shiloh April 6, ’62. Promoted to 2d lieut. Mustered out May 4, ’66. Mustered out July 30, ’64. Mustered out July 30, ’64. Killed at Fort Donelson Feb. 15, ’62. RECRUITS. Albert, Win. A., Aug. 15, ’61. Ault, Jos., Dec. 11, ’63. Bradbury, J. A., Aug. 15, ’61. Craine, Robert W., Aug. 5, ’61. Dumman, J. W., Aug. 5, ’61. Green, John H., Aug. 10, ’61. Helpman, Irwin, Aug. 15, ’61. Holtz, Ernest, Aug. 15, ’61. Llatchet, Win., Aug. 15, ’62. Haggard, Jas., Aug. 16, ’61. James, B. F., Aug. 15, ’61. Kunkleman, J. H., Aug. 10, ’61. McCarty, Patrick, Aug. 5, ’61. Marsh, Peter, Dec. 15, ’61. McKinly, W. A., Aug. 10, ’61. Norris, John H., Aug. 5, ’61. Nicholson, J. R., Aug. 15, ’61. Nicholson, Jer., Aug. 15, ’61. Paine, R. T., Aug. 5, ’61. Pearce, Irwin, Aug. 25, ’61. Pope, Wm. F., Jan. 1, ’62. Rector, John W., Dec. 15, ’62. Stevenson, W. B., Aug. 2, ’61. Squire, Geo. W., Aug. 15, ’61. Steel, Jas. F., Aug. 15, ’62. Promoted lieut. Promoted sergeant ; mustered out May 4, ’66. Promoted sergeant ; killed at Shiloh April 6, ’62. Discharged Dec. 27, ’61. Discharged Aug. 15, ’62, of wound at Donelson. Killed at Raymond, Miss., May 12, ’63. Re-enlisted as vet. Discharged July 22, ’62, of wound at Donelson. Discharged Aug. 14, ’64. Died at Decatur, Ala., April 12, ’62. Killed at Donelson Feb. 15, ’62. Died at Carthage, La., of wounds re- ceived on steamer Moderator. Mustered out May 4, ’66. Died at Memphis. Tenn. March 10, ’63. Discharged Feb. 19. ’63. Mustered out May 4, ’66. Discharged Aug. 14, ’64; term expd. Transferred to 9th regiment La. Inft. May 5, ’63. Discharged Dec. 25, ’61. Promoted captain ; discharged Oct. 31, ’65 ; disabled. Died in hospital at Vicksburg, July 2, ’63, disease. Transferred and discharged Feb 2, ’66, of wounds at Jackson. Miss. Died at Memphis, Tenn., Sept. 12, ’63. Discharged Aug. 14, ’64 ; term expd. DRAFTS AND RECRUITS. Bosworth, J. B., Sept. 26, ’64. Mustered out Sept. 26, ’65. COMPANY “ B.” CAPTAINS. H. Lieb, Jan. 25, ’61. Promoted major. Peter Schlosser, Oct. 7, ’62. Term expired Jan. 27, ’64. H. A. Miller, Jan. 28, ’64. Mustered out May 4, ’66. first lieutenants. B. Zick, Oct. 7, ’62. Term expired Jan. 28, ’64. Thos. Mclnery, Jan. 28, ’64. Mustered out May 4, ’66. SECOND LIEUTENANTS. H. J. Marsh, Jan. 25, ’61. Killed at Ft. Donelson. John Collmer, Oct. 7, ’62. Term expired Jan. 27, '64. FIRST SERGEANT. H. C. Oglesby, July 25, ’61. Reduced to ranks; drummed out of service, Sept. 15, ’63. SERGEANTS. B. F. Snow, July 25, ’61. Discharged Sept. 22, ’62, of wounds at Donelson. W. F. Gardenhire, July 25, ’61. Discharged May 2, ’62; disabled. Chns Albert, July 25, ’61. Mustered out July 30, ’64. CORPORALS. John M. Collmer, July 25, ’61. Promoted 2d lieut. C. P. A. Goddard, July 25, ’62. Died Oct. 31, ’63. Chas. Fechner, July 25, ’61. Killed at Shiloh April 6, ’62. John Smith, July 25, ’61. Mustered out July 30, ’64. Thomas Scantlin, July 25, ’61. Transferred to non-comissioned staff as com. sergt. PRIVATES. Anthons, W. H., July 25, ’61. Abin, Geo., July 25, ’61. Bech, Jno. M., July 25, ’61. Batin, F., July 25, ’61. Basler, J. G., July 25, ’61. Becker, Wm., July 25, ’61. Bruner, John, July 25, ’61. Berlin, D. M., July 25, ’61. Bruner, J. D., July 25, ’61. Baner, Jacob, July 25, '61. Breitsprecker, W., July 25, '61. Culligan, John, July 25, ’61. Cunningham, S. B., July 25, ’61. Campbell, Jno. E., July 25, ’61. Durant, F., July 25, ’61. Dutcher, Chas., July 25, ’61. Dunham, A., July 25, ’61. . Everman, J. C., July 25, ’61. Elliot, Jos., July 25, ’61. Flora, Jasper, July 25, ’61. Gardenhire, J. M., July 25, ’61. Gemer, A., July 25, ’61. Genert, August, July 25, 61. Geswinder, N., July 25, ’61. Gardenhire, George, July 25, ’61. Humphrey, J. A., July 25, ’61. Jameson, Joshua, July 25, ’61. Johnson, Moses, July 25, ’61. Krebs, Chris., July 25, ’61. Keller, Jacob, July 25, ’61. Kelly, John, July 25, ’61. Lynch, Jas., July 25. '61. Leeper, Wm., July 25, ’61. Miller, F. C., July 25, ’61. Miller, H. A., July 25, '61. Manchon, IL, July 25, ’61. O’Brien, Peter, July 25, ’61 O'Neill, John, July 25, '61. Priest, John W., July 25 ’61. Peters, George, July 25, ’61. Robinett. John, July 25, ’61‘ Rouse. George W„ July 25, ’61. Rust, M. N., July 25, ’61. Switzer, John M., July 25, '61. Staines, Dutton, July 25, ’61. Steward, E. O., July 25, ’61. Seiter, John C., July 25, ’61. Tansey, V. G., July 25, ’61. Wardner, H.. July 25, ’61. Warren, J. July 25, ’61. Wills, Andrew, July 25, 61, Died April 8, ’64 oi wounds received at Raymond, Miss. Discharged Sept. 8, ’62, of wounds at Donelson. Mustered out July 30, ’64. “ July 20. ’64. Died at Vicksburg, June 30, ’63. Died May 25, ’63, of wounds received at Champion Hills. Mustered out July 6, ’65, Mustered out July 30, '64. Mustered out July 30, ’64. Mustered out July 30, 64. Mustered out May 4, ’64. Accidentally killed May 20, ’62. Discharged Oct. 64, ’61. Killed at Ft. Donelson Feb. 15, ’62. Mustered out Aug. 6, ’64. Died at Cairo, 111., (no date.) Discharged July 25, '62, by order of Grant. Discharged May 2, ’62, by order of Grant. Died Aug. 14, ’61. Mustered out March 21, ’61. Killed at Donelson Feb. 15, ’62. Absent at mustering out. Discharged Oct. 14, ’61. Discharged July 24, ’62, of wounds at Donelson and Shiloh. Killed at Donelson Feb. 15, ’62. Murdered at Norfolk, Mo., Sept. 17, ’61. Mustered out July 30, ’64. Transferred to N. C. S. as Mus. Killed at Donelson, Feb. 15, ’62. Promoted captain July 14, ’64. Discharged July 10, ’63 , disabled. Discharged, July 25, ’64 ; term expd. Killed at Donelson Feb. 15, ’62. Mustered out May 4, '64. Mustered out May 4, ’64. Transferred to 12th Illinois infantry. Promoted sergeant. Promoted corporal ; discharged Sept. 24, ’62. Discharged Oct. 14, ’61. Mustered out May 4, ’61. Discharged Oct. 14, ’61. Transferred to Inv. Corps Sept. 15,' 61. Discharged Nov. 8, ’63, of wounds at Vicksburg. Died Feb. 17, '62, of wounds at Donel- son. recruits, draft and substitutes. Anthons, Josephus, April 5, ’61. Andrish, Antoine, Aug. 17, 61. Beecher, Peter, Aug. 67, 61. Brown, Henry, Aug. 29, 61. Dunham, Dayton, Aug. 16, ’61. Dunz, John, Aug. 29, ’61. Frank, Peter, Sept. 7, ’61. Fluke, August, Aug. 29. '62. Grosh, Jacob, Aug. 17, ’61. Gross, Jacob, Aug. 22, ’61. Gunter, Hugo. Nov. 27, ’61. Grob, Jno. J., Jan 5, ’64. Hatchley, Isaac, Nov. 26, 61. Promoted to corporal ; mustered out May 4, ’61. Killed at Shiloh April 6, ’62. Discharged Sept. 9, ’62, of wounds at Shiloh. Discharged Sept. 5, ’62, of wounds at Shiloh. / Wounded at Donelson ; discharged April 11, ’62. Mustered out May 4, ’65. Discharged Oct. 11, ’63. Mustered out Aug. 5, ’64. Mustered out March 2, ’61. “ May 4. ’61. Discharged May 6, ’62, of wounds at Shiloh. 86 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Hawley, Jno. D., Sept. 19, '61. Jones, R. F. Kepler, M., Sept. 7, ’61. Lehman, Jacob, Aug. 8, ’61. Langheld, August, Aug. 5, '61. Lynn, Kobt., Aug. 29, ’61. Lankerman, Jacob, Jan. 1, ’61. Mossman, Wrn., Dec. 68, ’63. Magae, Jno. S., April 28, ’64. Mathys, Jno., April 16, ’64. McGorry, Thos., Dec. 1, ’61. O Connol, J. H., Aug. 13, ’61. Preston, Thos., Aug. 23, ’61. Pfeifer, Frank, April 15, ’64. Keister, Leonard, Sept. 2, ’61. Walker, Michael, Aug. 13, ’61. Webber, Chas., Sept. 28, ’64. Zimm, Jno., April 28, ’64. Mustered out May 14. ’61. Discharged Dec. 15, ’62, of wounds at Shiloh. Discharged Aug. 7, ’64. Discharged Aug. 8, ’63, of wounds at Kaymond, Miss. Died Oct, 31, ’61. Mustered out May 4, ’61. Mustered out May 4, ’66. Mustered out May 4, ’66. Mustered out May 3, 66. Promoted Fiist Lieut. Discharged Oct. 15, ’63, of wounds at Vicksburg. Mustered out July 1, ’65. Mustered out May 4, ’61. Killed at Charleston, Mo., Oct. 16, ’66. Mustered out May 4, ’66. TWENTY-FIRST (21st) ILLINOIS INFANTRY. IT. S. GRANT, COLONEL. The following communication from the first colonel of this reg- ment in view of his subsequent illustrious career, will be of special interest : — “ I was appointed colonel of the twenty-first Illinois volunteer infantry, by Governor Richard Yates, some time early in the month of June, 1861, and assumed command of the regiment on the 16th of that month. The regiment was mustered into the service of the United States, in the latter part of the same month. Being ordered to rendezvous the regiment at Quincy, Illinois, I thought, for the purpose of discipline and speedy efficiency for the field, it would be well to march the regiment across the country, instead of trans- porting by rail. Accordingly, on the 3d of July, 1861, the march was commenced from camp Yates, Springfield, Illinois, and con- tinued until about three miles beyond the Illinois river, when dis- patches were received, changing the destination of the regiment to Ironton, Missouri, and directing me to return to the river and take a steamer, which had been sent there for the purpose of transport- ing the regiment to St. Louis. The steamer failing to reach the point of embarkation, several days were here lost. In the mean- time a portion of the sixteenth Illinois infantry, under Col. Smith, were reported surrounded by the enemy at a point on the Hannibal » and St. Joseph railroad, west of Palmyra, and the twenty-first was ordered to their relief. Under these circumstances, expedition was necessary ; accordingly, the march was abandoned, and the rail- road was called into requisition. Before the twenty-first reached its new destination, the sixteenth had extricated itself. The twenty- first was then kept on duty on the line of the H. and St. Jo- R. R., for about two weeks, without, however, meeting an enemy or an incident worth relating. We did make one march, however, during that time, from Salt River, Mo., to Florida, Mo., and re- turned in search of Wm. Harris, who was reported in that neigh- borhood with a handful of rebels. It was impossible, however, to get nearer than a day’s march of him. From Salt River the regi- ment went to Mexico, Mo., where it remained for two weeks ; thence to Ironton, Mo-, passing through Saint Louis on the 7th of August, when I was assigned to duty as a Brigadier General, and turned over the command of the regiment to that gallant and Christian officer, Colonel Alexander, who afterwards yielded up his life, whilst nobly leading it in the battle of Chickainauga. U. S. Grant, Lieutenant' General. This regiment w T as organized atMattoon, Illinois, May 9th, 1861. May 15th, it was mustered into the state service, for thirty days, by Captain U. S. Grant. June 28th, mustered into the United States service, for three years, with Capt. U. S. Grant as Colonel, August 6th, Col. Grant promoted Brig. General, and Lieut- Col. J. W. S. Alexander was made Colonel of the regiment. October 20th, marched from Ironton, Mo., and on the next day took partin the battle of Fredericktown ; returned and remained at Ironton till January 29th, 1862, when it marched to Jackson- sport, Ark. ; thence to Corinth. On evacuation of Corinth, pur- sued the enemy to Booneville ; returning, it joined an expedition to Holly Springs ; August 14th, was ordered to join Gen. Buell’s army in Tennessee ; marched to Louisville, Ky., and participated in the battle of Perryville, October 8th, company F. Captain David Blackburn, being the first to enter the town ; marched thence to Crab Tree Orchard, Bowling Green, Ky., and Nashville, Tenn. December 30th, it had a severe engagement with the enemy near Murfreesboro, gallantly charging the famous Washington (rebel) Light Artillery, 12 Parrott guns, and driving every man from the battery. During the battle of Murfreesboro, it did heroic service, losing more men thau any other regiment engaged. It was with General Rosecrans’ army from Murfreesboro to Chattanooga ; took part in the battle at Liberty Gap, June 25th, 1863 ; distinguished itself in the famous battle of Chickainauga, September 19th and 20th, losing 238 officers and men ; after this battle the regiment remained at Bridgeport, Alabama, till the latter part of December, 1863. Having made a brilliant record in some of the hardest fought battles of the war, it was mustered out De cember 16th, 1865, at San Antonia, Texas, and reached camp Butler- Ill., January 18th, 1865, for final pay and discharge. MUSTER ROLL TWENTY-FIRST INFANTRY— CO. “A.” COLONELS. U. S. Grant, June 16, ’61. Promoted Brig. Gen. Aug. 5, ‘61 ; Maj. Gen. Feb. 16, ’62. J. W. Alexander, Aug. 23, ’61. Killed in battle Sept 20, ’63. Jas. E. Calloway, May 11, ’65. Mustered out Dec. 16, ’65. Wm. H. Jamison, July 13, ’65. LIEUTENANT COLONELS. Geo. W. Peck, Sept. 2, ’61. Disch’d, ill health, Sept. 19, ’62. W- E. McMaken, Sept. 19, ’62. Term expired Nov. 16, ’64. MAJOR. Jno. L. Wilson, June 2, ’65. Mustered out Dec. 16, ’65. ADJUTANTS. Resigned July 20, ’64. Prom. capt. company “ A mus- tered out Dec. 16, ’65. Mustered out Dec. 16, ’65. quartermasters. Jno. E. Jones, May 15, ’61. Mustered out Aug. 18, ’64. Simeon Paddleford, Aug. 18, ’64. Mustered out Dec. 16, ’65. SURGEONS. Eden M. Seeley, Aug. 21, ’62. Res. May 21, ’64. Jas. J. Reat, May 21, ’64. Mustered out Dec. 16, ’65. CHAPLAIN. E. D. Wilkins, Oct. 12, ’61. Res. July 9, ’64. • CAPTAINS. S. S. Goode, May 7, ’61. State service, ten regt. bill. Geo. S. Dunning, May 17, ’61. Res. Oct. 24, ’62. Geo. F. Eaton, Oct. 24, ’62.. Mustered out July 5, ’64. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. E. D. Coxe, Oct. 24, ’62. Mustered out July 5, ’64. B. F. Osborne, July 5, ’64. Dismissed July 3, ’65. J. R. Sheperd, Aug. 21, ’65. Mustered out Dec. 16, ’65. SECOND LIEUTENANTS. J. L. Bowman, May 7, ’61. R'-s. April 14, ’62. Jos. C. Alvord, Oct. 24, ’62. Killed in battleDec. 31, ’62. Theo. Gross, June 1, ’63. Res. May 12, 65. Alvin Colmus, Dec. 16. Mustered out Dec. 16, ’65. FIRST SERGEANT. Edward D.Coxe, June 15, ’61. Promoted 2d lieutenant. Chas. B. Steele, Sept. 6, '61. J. R. Duncan, July 20, ’64. Jno. A. Pierce, Aug. 21, ’65. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 87 SECOND SERGEANT. Charles Disbrow, June 15, ’61. Discharged Aug. 10, ’62, disability. SECOND LIEUTENANT. John F. Weitzel, Jan. 31, ’03. Killed at Chiekamauga, Sep. 19, ’63. Elijah Smith, June 15, ’61. Win. R. Wheeler, June 15, ’01. Ben. F. Osborne, June 15, ’61. Joseph Wagoner, June 15, ’61. G. W. Stephens, June 15, ’61. J. D. L. Meeks, June 15, ’61. conroRALS. Killed at Stone river Dec. 30, ’62. Discharged Sept. 1, ’63. Re-enlisted as vet. ; promoted 1st lieut. Discharged April 23, ’63. Re-enlisted as vet. ; mustered out Dec. 16, '65. MUSICIAN. Mustered out July 5, ’64. WAGONER. Jno. Hanks, June 15, ’61. Mustered out July 5, ’64. PRIVATES. Joseph Barber, June 23, ’61. Jas. T. Baker, June 15, ’61. Hugh Bacon, June 15, ’61. Philip Bloss, June 15, ’61. Jacob Conouff, June 15, ’61. Win. H. Clipson, June 15, ’61. Jas. Clark, June 21, ’61. Henry Cruise, July 21, ’61. David Crawford, June 26, ’61. Frank Ernst, June 15, ’61. F. H. Fammer, June 15, ’61. H. F. Fletcher, June 15, ’61. Daniel Foley, June 15, ’61. Joseph E. Hobson, June 15, ’61. Jasper H. Hixson, June 15, ’61. Win. H. Higgins, June 24, ’61. Orlando Hogan, June 24, ’61. Wm. Johnson, June 25, ’61. Thos. E. Jefferson, June 25, ’61. Jas. R. Kennedy, June 25, ’61. Jno. B. Lembeck, June 25, ’61. Jno. Leigh, June 24, ’61. Wm. McPherson, June 15, ’61. H. B. F. Martin, June 15, ’61. Jno. McAvov, June 15, ’61. L. D. Morgan, June 23, ’61. Abe. McKitrick, June 23, ’61. Wm. McGrath, June 15, ’61. C. M. Pope, June 15, ’61. Wm. H. Ross, June 25, ’61. C. Rosenberger, June 15, ’61. Daniel Shutter, June 23, ‘61. Peter Shell, June 15, ’61. Geo S. Stuart, June 15, ’61. Henry C. Stuart, June 15, ’61. Edward Stockton, June 15, ’61. Jos. Sheperd, June 15, ’61. f John Smith, June 15, ’61. John Street, June 15, ’61. Patrick Shannon, June 15, ’61. Jas. Shepherd, June 22, ’61. Wm. H. Stewart, June 23, ’61. Martin Tibbett, June 15. ’61. John Thute, June 24, ’61. Jno. L. Whitton, June 15, ’61. Benj. F. Witts, June 22, ’61. Wm. H. Witts, June 24, ’61. Rodolph Zorger, June 22, ’61. Re-ehlisted as vet. ; mustered out Dec. 16, ’65. Discharged Oct. 16, ’62. Killed at Stone river Dec. 31, ’62. Died at Anderson ville prison June 15, ’64. Killed at Stone 'river Dec. 30, ’62. Re-enlisted as vet. ; mustered out July 13, 65. Prisoner of war Re-enlisted as vet. ; transferred to eng. corps Aug. 2, ’64. Re-enlisted a« vet. ; mustered out July 13, ’65. Prisoner of war. Dischd Aug. 10, ’62 ; disability. Mustered out July 5, ’64. Killed at Chiekamauga Sept. 10, ’63. Mustered out July 5, ’64. Disch’d March 11, ’64; disability. Killed at Stone river Dec. 30, ’62. Mustered out July 5, ’64. Discharged Oct. 1, ’61. Mustered out July 5, ’64. Disch’d Sept. 29, ’62, wounds. Transferred to in v. corps, March 23, ’64. Mustered out July 5, ’64. Re-enlisted as vet. ; died Oct. 30, ’64. Re-enlisted as vet. ; mustered out July 13, ’65. Prisoner of war. Mustered out July 5, ’64. Disch’d April 30, ’62; disability. Discharged Oct. 7, ’61. Mustered out July 5, ’64. Mustered out July 5, ’64. Mustered out July 5, ’64 as corp. Re-eniisted as vet ; mustered out Dec. 16, ’65. Died at Annapolis, Md., Nov., ’64. Re-enlisted as vet. ; mustered out Dec. 16, ’65. Mustered out July 5, ’64. Re enlisted as vet.; mustered out Dec. 16, ’65, as corporal. Discharged to re-enlist in 15th U. S. Inf., Dec. 24, ’62. Re-enlisted as vet. ; prom. 1st lieut. Mustered out Dec. 16, ’65. Mustered out July 5, ’64. Re-enlisted as vet. ; mustered out Dec. 16, ’65. Disch’d Aug. 18, ’63 — disability. Died Jan. 7, ’63 — wounds. Mustered out July 5, ’64. Died Jan. 22, ’63, of wounds. RECRUITS. John Cram. Oct. 12, ’61. John Eckart, Jan. 22, ’62. Martin Fitzpatrick, Oct. 12, '61. Taylor Florney, Oct. 12, 61. Albert Fowkes, Oct. 12, ’61. Silas W. West, Aug. 13, ’61. Died Nov. 10, ’62. Mustered out Jan. 28, ’65. Mustered out 12, ’65. Mustered out April 27, ’65. Discharged Feb. 1, ’62 — disability. COMPANY “ IC.” CAPTAINS. A. M. Pattison, May 16, ’61. Resigned Nov. 21, ’62. John L. Wilson, Nov. 21, ’62. Promoted Major. Sydney B. Wade, July 18, ’65. Mustered out Dec. 16, ’65. PRIVATES. Pat. S. Curtis, June 14, ’61. John F. Weitzel, June 25, ’61. Promoted sergeant and 2d lieut. UNASSIGNED RECRUITS. John Barrett, Dec. 19, ’63. THIRTY-FIFTH (35th) ILLINOIS INFANTRY. COL. G. A. SMITH. The Thirty-fifth Illinois Volunteer Infantry was organized at Decatur, July 3d, 1861, and on July 23d, was accepted by the Secretary of War, as Col. G. A. Smith’s Independent Regiment of Illinois Volunteers. August 4th. Left Decatur, and reached Jefferson Barracks, Mo. next day. One week afterward eight companies were mustered into the United States’ service, making the aggregate strength of the regiment seven hundred and ninety-three. - Sept. 15. Moved by railroad to Jefferson City, thence (Sept. 25th) to Otterville. October 15th. Marched to Sedalia, and joined General Siegel’s advance on Springfield. Nov. 10th. Advanced to Wilson’s Creek. Returning left Springfield, Mo., Nov. 13th, for Rolla. January 23d, 1862. Began the advance on Springfield, reaching that place on the 13th. Next followed Price’s retreating army, and after a hard and fatiguing march, arrived at Cross Hollows, Ark., January 21st, having formed line of battle, and skirmished nearly every day with the enemy for a distance of two hundred and twenty- eight miles. March 7th. Participated in the hotly-contested battle of Pea Ridge, winning fresh laurels by its bravery, and driving the stub- born enemy from every commanding position. The regiment lost, in this contest, fifteen killed, forty-five wounded, and fifty-five prisoners, Col. Smith having been so severely wounded that he never afterward resumed command of the regiment. April 5th. Major Mcllwain in command. Commenced march to Batesville, Ark., arriving May 8th, the distance being two hundred and ninety-one miles. The regiment afterward participated conspicuously in the following battles : — Siege of Corinth, Perry- ville, Stone River (losing in the latter battle eleven killed, forty-four wounded, and twenty-nine missing, out of twenty commissioned officers and four hundred and nineteen that went into action), Chiekamauga (losing three commissioned officers and fifteen men killed; five commissioned officers and one hundred and twenty-five men wounded ; twelve men missing out of eighteen commissioned officers and two hundred and eighty-one enlisted men that entered the battle), Mission Ridge, gallantly leading the storming columns, and being the first to plant the stars and stripes on the enemy’s stronghold, all the color-guard of the regiment having been either wounded or killed, and Lieut. Col. Chandler, commanding regiment, carrying the colors “ into the jaws of death ; into the mouth of hell.” The losses in this battle being six men killed; two commis- sioned officers, and forty-six men wounded, out of two hundred and twelve officers and men engaged; Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Dallas, Mud Creek, Kenesaw, losing in these last campaigns, six commissioned officers and one hundred and eighteen men. Major Mcllwain was killed at Kenesaw, June 22d, 1864. He was a brave and efficient officer, having greatly distinguished himself in the battle of Stone River. The regiment having marched, during its term of service, in all three thousand and fifty-six miles, was mustered out at Springfield, 111 , September 27th, 1864. 88 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. MUSTER-ROLL THIRTY-FIFTH RFGIMENT INFANTRY. G. A. Smith, July 2d, ’61. W. P. Chandler, Sept. 22, ’63. John Mcllwain, July 3d, ’61. COLONELS. Prom. Brig.-Gen. Sept. 19, ’62; dis. Sept. 22, ’63. Term expired Sept. 27, ’64 ; was Lieut. Colonel. MAJOR. Killed at Kenesaw Mountain, June 22, ’64. ADJUTANTS. W. J. Usrey, Sept. 1, ’61. Resigned April 15, ’62. Uriah Fox, April 15, ’62. Resigned Nov. 17, ’63. Samuel W. Bird, Nov. 17, ’63. Terra expired Sept. 27, ’64. quartermaster. John G. Miles, July 3, ’61. Term expired Sept. 27, ’64. SURGEONS. W. J. Chenoweth, Sept. 25, ’61. Resigned Dec. 14, ’62. S. B. Hawley, Dec. 9, ’62. Term expired Sept. 27, ’64. FIRST ASSISTANT SURGEON. D. C. Titball, Sept. 25, ’61. Term expired Sept. 27, ’64. SECOND ASSISTANT SURGEON. Jonathan D. Wylie, Dec. 8, ’62. Term expired Sept. 27, ’64. CHAPLAINS. P. D. Hammond, July 3, ’61. Resigned May 12, ’62. R. E. Harris, May 12, ’62. Left at Florence, Ala., Aug. 18, ’62 ; not heard from. 7th, took part in the siege of Corinth, Col. Pugh commanding brigade ; July 6th, marched to Memphis via Holly Springs, reach- ing the former place, July 21st, and remaining there till September 6th, when it marched to Bolivar ; thence to Grand Junction, Hatchie River, Lagrange, Lamar, Somerville, Holly Springs, Water- ford, Beaver Creek, Yocona Creek, Water Valley, returning to Holly Springs, January 5th, 1863. The regiment went into camp at Moscow, Tennessee, and remained till March, when it was ordered to Memphis as a part of the Sixteenth Army Corps, under command of Major General Hurlbut ; April 3d, engaged in an ex- pedition to Hernando, Mississippi ; at Cold Water, met the enemy under General Chalmers, and was under heavy fire seven hours, fully sustaining its former reputation for dauntless courage and daring deeds; May 12th, moved to Vicksburg, where it bore a prominent part in the great siege and battles around that confeder- ate stronghold; July 5th, marched to Jackson, and participated in the battle near that city, leaving 40 killed on the field, and having 122 wounded, Major Long being among the former. Returning to Vicksburg, the regiment was ordered to Natchez, where it remained till November 28th ; December 3d, marched to Big Black River, where it erected winter quarters, and was afterwards consoli- dated with the Fifty-third regiment. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. MUSTER ROLL FORTY-FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY. SERGEANT MAJOR. Geo. B. Peake, July 3, ’61. Prom. 2d Lieut, Co. A, and Captain. HOSPITAL STEWARD. Jos. T. DeWatney, July 3, ’61. Reduced, and returned to Co. A. PRINCIPAL MUSICIANS. Newlin B. Davis, July 3, ’61. Archibald Monroe, July 3, ’61. Promoted to Principal Musician. SECOND-CLASS MUSICIAN. Joseph Ricketts, July 3, ’61. COMPANY “A.” CAPTAINS. B M. Tables, July 3, ’61. Resigned Dec. 20, ’61. Pierre W. Thomas, Dec. 25, ’61. Resigned Jan. 31, ’64. Geo. B. Peake, July 3, ’61. Term expired Sept. 27, ’64. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. John W. Peen, Jan. 31, '64. Died July 8, ’64. George F. Deitz, Dec. 25, ’61. Term expired Sept. 27, ’64. SECOND LIEUTENANT. Jas. Shoaff, July 3, ’61. Resigned Feb. 3, ’62. PRIVATES. Augusta Glatz, July 3, ’61. Conover Hatfield, July 3, ’61. Wm C. Stewart, July 3, ’61. Andrew Stewart, July 3. ’61. Joseph McMullen, July 3, ’61. John D. McMadden, July 3, '61. John Hager, July 3, ’61. Curtis Austin, July 3, ’61. Frank Rea, July 3, ’61. N. L. F. Monroe, July 3, ’61. Discharged Aug. 9, ’62 — wounds. Discharged Dec. 12, ’61 — disability. Discharged June 15, ’62 — disability. Transferred to 59th regiment. Discharged Mch 24th, ’63 — disability. FORTY-FIRST ILLINOIS INFANTRY. ISAAC C. PUGH, COLONEL. The Forty-first Infantry was organized at Decatur, Illinois, in August, 1861, by Col. Isaac C. Pugh, companies A and E and pait of company I being recruited in Macon county. A few belonging to other companies of the regiment were also enlisted in this county. The regiment moved to Bird’s Point, Missouri, August 29th, and was assigned to the command of General Prentiss ; September 8th, it was ordered to Paducah, Kentucky ; thence February 5th, 1862, to Fort Henry; February lltli, to Fort Donelson, engaging in the siege, February 13th, 14th, and 15th; March 10th, moved to Pitts- burgh Landing, and engaged in the battle of Shiloh ; April 6th and COLONEL. Isaac C. Pugh, July 27, ’61. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. LIEUTENANT COLONELS. Ansel Tupper, July 27, ’61. Jno. Warner, April 8, '62. Jno. II. Nale. Killed at Pittsburg Landing April 6, ’62. Discharged Nov. 26, ’62. Mustered out Aug. 2, ’64. F. M. Long. R. H. McFadden. MAJORS. Killed in action July 12, ’63. Transferred to field staflfas consolidated. B. G. Pugh, Dec. 12, ’61. Wm. C. Gillespie. ADJUTANTS. Res. March 17, ’62. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. QUARTERMASTERS. H. C. Bradsby, July 27, ’61. I. R. Pugh, Sept. 30, ’62. John Boughman. Wm. M. Gray. Chas. Carle. Res. June 9, ’62. Res Aug. 1 , 63. M ustered out Aug. 20, ’64. SURGEONS. Mustered out March 29, ’62. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. FIRST ASSISTANT SURGEON. Geo. W. Short, July 27, ’61. Resigned/ O. M. Warmoth, April 12, ’62. Transferred to field and staff as con- solidated. SECOND ASSISTANT SURGEON. Jno. W. Coleman, Sept. 30, ’62. Term expired ’66. COMPANY “A.” CAPTAINS. Jno. II. Nale, July 27, ’61. Promoted. M. F. Ivanan, April 8, ’62. Transferred to Co. A as consolidated. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. Geo. R. Steele, April 8, ’62. Res. Aug. 3, ’63. Rolando Bell, April 8, ’62. Prom, from 2d lieut. ; must’d out Aug. 20, ’64. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. SERGEANT MAJOR. Bartley G. Pugh, Aug. 5, ’61. Promoted adjutant. QUARTERMASTER SERGEANT. Alonzo Burgess, Aug. 5, ’61. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. HOSPITAL STEWARD. Jas. W. Roulh, Aug. 5, ’61. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. PRINCIPAL MUSICIAN. Alex. Allsburv, Aug. 5, 61. Reduced to ranks Sept. 1, ’62. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 89 Lewis B. Morton, Aug. 5, ’61. FIRST SERGEANT. Died at Paducah, Ky., Sept. 1!), ’61. Sweet Michael, Aug. 5, '61. Sense man, Daniel, Aug. 5, '61. Roland Bell, Aug. 5, ’61. Bryant Kelsey, Ang. 5, ’61. W. E. Winholtz. Aug. 5, ’61. David S. Mprse, Aug. 5, ’61. SERGEANTS. Promoted 2d licut. Died June 20, ’63; wounds Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64, as 1st sergt. ; wounds. Died at Moscow, Tenn., Jan. 23, ’63. CORPORALS. Win. II. Hecocks, Aug. 5, ’61. Sergt., killed at Jackson, Miss., July 12, ’63. Moses A. Stare, Aug. 5, ’61. Henry C. Payne, Aug. 5, ’61. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. II. M. Streever, Aug. 5, ’61. Mustered ont Aug. 20, ’64. as sergt. Jno. W. Sheperd, Aug. 5, ’61. Discharged Nov. 10, ’62; wounds. Fred.O. Spooner. Aug. 5, ’61. Killed at Shiloh, April 6, ’62. Horace W. Clark, Aug. 5, ’61. PRIVATES. Smith, Win. II., Aug. 5, '61. Short, Wm. T., Aug. 5, '61. Spainhower, I)., Aug. 5, '61. Stewart, Jas. IT., Aug. 5, ’61. Troxell, Jas. B., Aug. 5, ’61. Todd, Geo. E-, Aug. 5, ’61. Tuttle, George, Aug. 5, '61. Thompson, G. W., Aug. 5, '61. Timmons, S. H , Aug 5, ’61. Timmons, M. F., Aug. 5, ’61. Tansy, Alex. W., Aug. 5, ’61. Vaughan, Win. D., Aug. 5, ’61. Westcott, W. H., Aug. 5, ’61. White, John R., Aug. 5, ’61. Williams, Andrew, Aug. 5, ’61. Discharged Sep. 20, ’63, as corporal ; wounds. Serg’t; died April 16, ’62; wounds. Discharged Feb. 27, ’63; disability. Discharged Sep. 18, ’62 ; disability. M. O. Aug. 20, ’64; wounded. M. O. Aug. 20, ’64 ; wounded. Discharged April 7, ’62; disability. Killed at Shiloh, April 6, ’62. Discharged Nov. 17, ’62; disability. Mustered out Vug. 20, ’64. Died at Natchez Oct. 20, ’63, of wounds. Discharged Nov. 25, 62; disability. Discharged Aug. 4, ’62 ; disability. M istered out Aug. 20, ’64. Re-enlisted as vet. ; transferred to Co. A., Vet. Bat. Transferred to invalid corps, Sept. 15, ’63. Anderson, Jas. W., Aug. 5, ’61. Asher, Robert, Aug. 5, ’61. Albert, John, Aug. 5, ’61. Bryant, James, Aug. 5, ’61. Boring, John, Aug. 5, ’61. Bearner, Marion, Aug. 5, ’61. Betzer, Geo. W-, Aug. 5, ’61. Bell, Albert, Aug. 5, ’61. Bridleman, Sam., Aug. 5, ’61. Bear, Sam. W., Aug. 5, ’61. Brancet, Marion, Aug. 5, ’61. Buck, Latham, Aug. 5, ’61. Cole, Aaron, Aug. 5, ’61. Chambers, Henry, Aug. 5, ’61. Collady, Hen. S., Aug. 5, ’61. Crandall, Chris., Aug. 5, ’61. Clark, Henry G., Aug. 5, ’61. Culver, L. L., Aug. 5, ’61. Cox, Jas. A., Aug. 5, ’61. Drennen, J. B., Aug. 5, ’61. Dubois, M. C., Aug. 5, 61. Delaney, Elijah, Aug. 5, ’61. Davis, Geo. W., Aug. 5, ’61. Davis, John M., Aug. 5, ’61. Edmundson, J. W-, Aug. 5, ’61. Ebord, Adam, Aug. 5, ’61. Fuller, Henry, Aug. 5, 61. Fike, John, Aug. 5, 61. Fennor, Elijah B., Aug. 5, ’61. Forin, John L , Aug. 5, ’61. Greene, Enoch D., Aug. 5, ’61. Giblin, Michael, Aug. 5, ’61. Glassie, R. W., Aug. 5, ’61. Guthbred, Richard, Aug. 5, ’61. Greene, Wm. H., Aug. 5, ’61. Hays, John, Aug. 5, ’61. Hull, John R., Aug. 5, ’61. Hull, James E.. Aug. 5, ’61. Harter, Tlios. J., Aug. 5, ’61. Huston, Walt. B., Aug. 5, ’61. Huston, Norv., Aug. 5, ’61. Hackney, Tlios., Aug. 5, ’61. Jordan, I. N., Aug. 5, ’61. Jennison, Geo., Aug. 5, ’61. Ivelse, Oscar A., Aug. 5, ’61. Kile, Isaac W., Aug. 5, ’61. Kummisson, J. W., Aug. 5, ’61. Longabaugh, R., Aug. 5, 61. Longabaugh, C., Aug. 5, ’61. Morlan, Wm. M., Aug. 5, ’61. Manderville, Geo., Aug. 5, ’61. Moore, Jas. W., Aug. 5, ’61. McDonald, Hugh, Aug. 5, ’61. Monohon, J. M., Aug. 5, ’61. Parr, Win., Aug. 5. ’61. Ray, Jos., Aug. 5, ’61. Smick, Aaron, Aug. 5, ’61. Sides, Jas. M , Aug. 5, ’61. Stookey, H. L., Aug. 5, ’61. Siookey, Win. H., x\.ug. 5, ’61. Si i ope, Tlios. B., Aug. 5, ’61. Smith, Wm. W., Aug. 5, ’61. 12 Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Mustered out Aug 20, ’64. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Discharged Sept. 28,. ’62 ; wounds. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Discharged Oct. 18, ’62; disability. • Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Re-enlisted as vet ; transferred to Co. A. vet. bat. Re-enlisted as vet. ; wounded. Discharged June 10, ’62; disability. Discharged for disability. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Died Nov., ’61. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Killed at Shiloh April 6, ’62. Killed at Donelson Feb. 15, ’62. Died at home Sept. 23, ’63; wounds. Mustered ont Aug. 20, ’64. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Discharged Nov. 24, ’61 ; disability. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64 ; wounded. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Mustered out Aug. 21, 6 4. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Supposed died at Decatur, III. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. M istered ont Aug 20, ’64. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64, as corp. Discharged Aug 6, ’61, by writ of habeas corpus. Discharged April 8, ’63, as corporal ; disability. Died in hands of enemy ; wounded. Discharged Dec. 5, ’62 ; wounds. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Killed at Shiloh April 6, ’62. Discharged September 12, ’62 ; wounds. Wounded at Shiloh; killed at Vicks- burg June 7, ’63. Captured, paroled. Wounded at Donelson ; discharged Oct. 23, ’63, as corp., and prom. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64, as corp. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Trans, to inv. corps Sep. 15, ’63. Re-enlisted as vet. ; transferred to Co. A, vet. bat. Discharged Nov. 7, ’62 ; wounds. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Died at Paducah, Ky., Feb. 7, ’62. Died at Paducah, Kv., Dec. 28, ’61. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64 (vet. bat.) Wounded at Shiloh : re-enlisted as vet. ; transferred to Co. A. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64, as sergeant; wounded. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Discharged Aug. 2, ’64; wounds. Died at Alexandria, La., April 17, ’64. Discharged April 27, ’62 ; disability. Discharged Sep. 19, ’62; wounds. Williams, John E., Aug. 5, ’61. Wilson, Hiram R, Aug. 5, 61. Ward, John J., Aug. 5, ’61. Whitesell, W. H., Aug. 5, ’61. Died at Jackson, Tenn. Discharged Aug. 2, ’62: wounds. Mustered out Aug. 20, 64. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Crain, Jas. H. Hull, Joel. M :D mil 1, S imuel A. Robey, Kilburn H. Schroll, George B. Wheeler, William. RECRUITS. Died at home, Oct. 27, ’63. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Deserted. Discharged Nov. 24, ’61 ; disability. Discharged Sept. 18, ’62 ; wounds. Mustered out May 3, ’66, to date Aug. 25, ’62. COMFANY “ B.” CAPTAINS. A. B. Lee, July 27, ’61. Resigned Aug. 11, ’63. John H. Davis, Aug. 15, 63. Term expired Aug. 20, 64; was 1st lieutenant. FIRST LIEUTENANT. Win. H. Palmer, Aug. 15, ’63. Transferred to Co. B, as consolidated; was 2d lieutenant. SECOND LIEUTENANT. Jackson A. Alelick, July 27, ’61. Died at Mound City, March 1, ’62. Good, John C., Jan. 3, ’64. PRIVATE. Transferred to Co. B, Vet. Bat.; trans- ferred to Co. G, 53d. COMPANY “E.” Jno. L. Armstrong, July 27, ’61. W. S. Oglesby, Dec. 12, ’61. Oscar Short, Sept. 1, ’62. CAPTAINS. Died Dec. 11, ’61. Killed in action, April 6, ’62 ; was 1st lieutenant. Term expired Aug. 20, ’64. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. Ribert W irnick, Dec. 12, ’61. Dismissed as 2d lieut. Jas. A. Wilson, April 18, ’62. Term expired Aug. 20, ’64. SECOND LIEUTENANTS. Jas. M. Taylor, Dec. 12, ’61. Resigned April 26, ’62. S. R. Appleton, Sep. 30 ’62. Resigned Nov. 18, ’62. Jos. Catherwood, Nov. 18, ’62. Term expired Aug. 20, ’64. SERGEANT. Palsey, Buckner H., Aug. 5, ’61. Mustered ont Aug. 20, ’64. Wilsoa, Jas. A- Aug. 5. ’61. Promoted 1st lieutenant. Yick, Joseph, Aug. 5, ’61. Died April 8, ’62; wounds. Rose, Albert D. , Aug. 5, ’61. Bennett, Jno. H., Aug. 5, ’61. Strait, Oscar, Aug. 5, ’61. Stevens, Henry, Aug. 5, ’61. Graham, Harrison, Aug. 5, ’61. Stevens, .Jas. M., Aug. 5, ’ 61. Birke, Jas. W-, Aug. 5, ’61. Graham, Jacob, Aug. 5, ’61. Armstrong, T. J., Aug. 5, ’61. Austin, Edmiston, Aug. 5, ’61. Botts, Win. D-, Aug. 5, ’61. Berry, Jesse R., Aug. 5, ’61. Barrell, John P., Aug. 5, ’61. Beinett, Wm., Aug. 5, ’61. Blair, YVui., Aug. 5, ’61. CORPORALS. Discharged Sept. 6, ’62 ; disability. Discharge! April 18, ’62; disability. Promoted sergeant, then captain. M. O. Aug. 20, ’64, as private. Drowned near Decatur, June 19, ’62. Mastered out Aug. 20, ’64. Discharged Oct. 9, ’62. Killed at Shiloh, April 6, ’62. PRIVATES. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Discharged Sept. 19, ’62 ; disability. Died Nov. 11, ’63 ; wounds. Discharged March 2, ’63; disability. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Re-enlisted as vet. ; transferred to Co. A, Vet. Bat. 90 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. Beslile, John, Aug. 5, ’61. Berry, Benjamin, Aug. 5, '61. Brookshire, J. P., Aug. 5, ’61. Barker, C. S., Aug. 5, ’61. Bentley, Charles, Aug. 5, 61. Brewington, H. I., Aug. 5, ’61. Clark, Benjamin, Aug. 5, ’61. Clark, Martin, Aug. 5, ’61. Crouch, Alex., Aug. 5, ’61. Carmean, Pearson, Aug. 5, 61. Davis, David M., Aug. 5, '61. Douglas, Edward, Aug. 5, ’61. Dillon, Job A., Aug. 5, ’61. Evans, Bobert, Aug. 5, ’61. Graham, Wm J., Aug. 5, ’61. Griffee, Levi, Aug. 5, ’61. Gull, John Z., Aug. 5, ’61. Hemstead, Henry, Aug. 5, ’61. Herring, Thomas, Aug. 5, ’61. Jostis, Henry, Aug. 5, ’61. Jostis, William, Aug. 5, ’61. Jones, David, Aug. 5, ’61. Kirbaugh, Wm., Aug. 5, '61. Langdon, S., Aug. 5, ’61. Long, Jas. W., Aug. 5, ’61. Little, James W.. Aug. 5, ’61. Lutrelle, John. Aug. 5, ’61. McQuality, Jas., Aug. 5, ’61. Malon, Perry, Aug. 5, ’61. Nicholson, J. N., Aug. 5, ’61. Odor, Henry C., Aug. 5, ’61. Died Aug. 6, ’62; wounds. Sergeant; died at Keokuk, July 1, ’62. Discharged April 10, '63; disability. Re-enlisted as vet.; transferred to Co. A, Vet. Bat. Re enlisted as vet. ; transferred to Co. A. COMPANY “ G.” CAPTAINS. Francis M. Long, July 27, ’61. Prom, major. Daniel II. Hall, Sept. 1, ’62. Prom, by President May 26, ’64; was 1st lieut. T. J. Anderson, May 27, ’64. Term expired Aug. 20, ’64; was 1st and 2d. lieut. In marine service; said to have been discharged. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Re-enlisted as vet.; transferred to Co. A, Vet. Bat. Discharged Dec. 7, ’61 ; disability. Killed at Shiloh, April 2, ’62. Re-enlisted as veteran. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Discharged June 19, ’63 ; disability. Prisoner of war ; mustered out of regi- ment. Discharged Jan. 8, ’62 ; disability. Died at Albany, Ind., June 9, ’62 FIRST LIEUTENANTS. John B. Butler, Sept. 1, ’62. Res. June 18, ’63; was 2d lieut. Chas. G. Young, May 27, ’64, Term expired Aug, 20, ’64. SECOND LIEUTENANT. John C. Cox, July 27, ’61. Died April 9, ’62 ; wounds received at Pittsburg Landing. privates. Reddy, Wm. H., July 26, ’61. Killed at Shiloh April 6, ’62. Ready, John W. Discharged Sep. 18, ’62; disability. COMPANY “ H.” CAPTAINS. Sergeant; died July 18, ’62; wounds. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Discharged June 17, ’62; disability. Re-enlisted as veteran. Died at Paducah, Ky., Dec. 2, ’61. Died July 21, ’63; wounds. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Died at Columbus, Ky., Dec. 4, ’62. Discharged Nov. 25, ’62 ; disability. Mustered out Aug. 20. ’64. Missing since Feb. 10, ’62; supposed dead. H. Blaekstone, July 27, ’61. John II. Huffner, J an. 28, ’62. Luther II. Wilber, April 7, ’62. Wm. F. Turney, April 29, ’62. FIRST James S. Steen, July 27, ’61. D. M. Turney, April 29, ’62. SECOND IL II. Hardy, Dec. 25, ’61. Chris. Corneley, May 22, ’62. Res. Jan. 14, ’62. Killed in battle April 6, ’62; was 1st lieut. Died April 28, ’62; was 1st lieut. Term expired Aug. 20, ’64; was 2d lieut. lieutenants. Res. Dec. 21, ’61. Term expired Aug. 20, ’64. LIEUTENANTS. Res. May 21 ,’62. Killed in action July 12, ’63. Ordleb, Lewis, Aug. 5, ’61. Peck, Geo. A., Aug. 5, ’61. Pasley, Jos. A., Aug. 5, ’61. Pasley, M. L., Aug. 5, ’61. Pope, John, Aug. 5, ’61. Read, John, Aug. 5, ’61. Ralls, Geo. W., Aug. 5, ’61. Rose, Wm. C., Aug. 5, ’61. Scott, John, Aug. 5, ’61. Shortel, John, Aug. 5, ’61. Stephens, Jos. F., Aug. 5, ’61. Stith, Geo. W., Aug. 5, ’61. Sinnard, Ben. P., Aug. 5, ’61. Smith, Simon D., Aug. 5, ’61. Ulmer, Chas., Aug. 5, ’61. Ward, John, Aug. 5, ’61. Sergeant; died at Mound Citv, March 8, ’62. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Died at Paducah, Ky., Dec. 4, ’61. Trans, to inv. corps Dec. 1, ’63. Killed at Ft. Donelson. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Died April 13, ’62; wounds. Mustered out in the field. Discharged Dec. 20, ’61; disability. Killed at Shiloh April 6, ’62. Discharged Feb. 14, ’63; disability. Discharged Sep. 1, ’62, as corporal ; disability. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64, aB sergeant ; wounded. RECRUITS. Allsbury, Alex. Green, Aaron. Murray, Patiick. Nevins, Chas. Perdue, James T-, Dec. 22, ’63. Stevens, F. M. Stevens, John D. Smith, Joseph. Walker, Joseph L., Jan. 5, ’64. Wheeler, And. M., t Re-enlisted as vet. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64, as 1st sergt. Transferred to Co. A, vet. bat. Re enlisted as vet. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64 Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Died at Memphis, Tenn., April 3, ’63. Trans, to Co. A, vet. bat. Mustered out May 29, ’65. COMPANY “ F.” David P. Brown, July 27, ’61. J. C. Lewis, March 28, ’62. Jesse F. Ilarrold, Oct. 16, ’62. CAPTAINS. Res. March 28, ’62. Resigned Oct. 16, ’62 ; was 1st and 2d lieut. Term expired Aug. 20, ’64 : was 1st lieut. FIRST LIEUTENANT. PRIVATES. Pugh, Isaac R. Prom, regimental quartermaster. COMPANY “ I.” captains. Ben. B. Bacon, July 27, ’61. Res. March 4, ’62. F. M. Green, March 5, ’62. Term expired Aug. 20, ’64 ; was 2d lieut. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. B. R. Parish, July 27, ’61. Res. Sept. 28, ’62. Leander Green, Nov. 5, ’62. Term expired Aug. 20, ’64; was 2d lieut. SECOND LIEUTENANT. P. J. Frederick, Sep. 28, ’62. Term expired Aug. 20, ’64. PRIVATES.’ Carmon, Jno. I’., Aug. 5, ’61. Gross, Samuel E., Aug. 5, ’61. Jacobs, Geo., Aug. 5, ’61. Wells, Elijah, Aug. 5, ’61. White, Henry, Aug. 5, ’61. Wellhouse, Peter, Aug. 5, ’61. Promoted commissary sergt. Discharged Aug. 16. ’61. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Died accidental wounds Sep. 13, ’62. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’64. Conrad, Edward, Jan. 21, ’64. Frazee, Ben. F., Dec. 18, ’63. Jones, James, Jan. 5, ’64. Snyder, Henry. Dec. 18, ’63. Smith, Wm. H , Dec. 18, ’63. Woodward, Sara., Feb. 10, ’64. Davidson, Jo., April 5. ’64. Gaines, Maxwell, Oct. 31, ’63. Stingley, Daniel, Jan. 15, ’64. VETERANS. Transferred to Co. A, vet. bat. Transferred to vet. bat Transferred to vet. bat. Transferred to vet. bat. Transferred to vet bat. Transferred to vet. bat. ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTEENTH INFANTRY. H. C. McCook, July 27, ’61. Promoted chaplain. Henry Bevis, Oct. 1, ’61. Res. Feb. 10, ’62. Wm. II. Taylor, Oct. 16, ’62. Terra expired Aug. 20, ’64; was 2d lieut. SECOND LIEUTENANT. Term expired Aug. 20, ’64. PRIVATES. Re-enlisted as vet. Mustered out Aug. 20, ’61. Discharged May 5, ’62 ; disability. COL. JESSE II. MOORE’S REGIMENT. Of the 115th Regiment, parts of Companies E, F, and II were re- cruited in Macon county. The regiment, Col. Jesse H. Moore, of Decatur, commanding, was ordered to the front from Camp Butler ( 111., Oct. 4th, 1862, and was assigned to the Second Brigade, Second Division, Army of Kentucky. October 20th, marched via Falmouth, Cyuthiana, Paris, and Lexington to Richmond, Ky. There Col- Moore took command of Ed. C. Sackett, Oct. 16, 62. Rogers, Henry, Aug. 7, ’61. Petrey, Solomon. Rouse, Levi. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 91 the post, and remained about two months scouting between that place and the gaps of the Cumberland Mountains. December 21st, marched to Danville, Ivy., and joined the main part of the Army of Kentucky; January 26th, 1863, moved to Louisville ; February 10th to Nashville, remaining in camp there till March 1st, and thence to Franklin, Tennessee, and camped. No casualties from battle had as yet occurred to the regiment; but from exposure on marches during the severe winter of 1862-3 it had lost two hundred men either by death or permanent disability. During the month of March the regiment encountered the rebel general, Van Dorn, and drove him across Duck river ; returned to camp, remaining there till June 1st, and then marched to Triune, Tenn. ; June 24th, marched against the confederate army under Gen. Bragg, driving it across the Tennessee river, and afterward, with the brigade, camping at Wartrace, Tenn. ; thence the regiment moved to Tulla- lioma, and held that place till Sept. 5th, setting out then in the direction of Chattanooga ; Sept. 14th, made forced march across the Cumberland mountains to within five miles of Chattanooga ; Sept. 19th, engaged in the battle of Chiekamauga, losing six men ; Sept. 20th, supported Gen. Thomas on the extreme right, and in the fearful struggle that ensued bravely held the ground from 1 p. M. till night put an end to the sanguinary contest. Half of the entire command was cut down. The colonel and his invincible regiment received special commendations in orders — an honor richly merited by deeds of valor that will live forever. The regiment participated in all the great engagements around Chattanooga and Mission Ridge, in which campaign it lost in killed, wounded, and captured, during the fall of 1863, two hundred and thirty-five men and ten officers, among whom was Lieut.-Col. Kinman, of Jacksonville, a brave and efficient officer. February 21st, marched, under command of Gen. Palmer, against Dalton, Georgia, skirmishing ten days and losing six men ; re- mained there till May 3d, and then, with Sherman’s Grand Army, started on the Atlanta campaign ; May 7th, the regiment gallantly led the charge upon Tunnel hill, Georgia, driving the enemy through Buzzard Roost gap ; May 15th and 16th, took part in the battle of Resaca, Ga., stubbornly sustaining the charge on the left flank, for which the regiment was commended in orders. It lost in this contest thirty men and one officer ; the entire loss of the regi- ment during the Atlanta campaign was one hundred men. By special order all the principal engagements of the Military Division of the Mississippi, which resulted in the fall of Atlanta, were in- scribed upon the regimental banner. October, 1864, Company D, 115th Regiment, occupied a block- house in Buzzard Roost gap, and held in check for ten hours Hood’s whole army, heroically refusing to surrender till the house had been demolished by the enemy’s artillery and one-third of the company killed or wounded. For this special act of bravery the captain, Samuel Hymer, of Schuyler county, 111., was brevetted major, and has since been appointed captain in the regular army. In November and December, 1864, the regiment took an active part in the series of battles which destroyed Bragg's veteran army, then under command of the rebel general Hood, and known as the Army of the Tennessee. The Second Brigade, to which the 115th Regiment belonged, had, by its magnificent deeds of daring, won the title of the “ Iron Brigade, and on the 23d of December, 1864. Col. Moore of the 115th took command of this splendid brigade, which position he held till the close of the war. Having achieved a most glorious record, the 115th was mustered out of service June 11th, 1865, and received its final pay and discharge at Camp Butler, 111., June 23d, 1865. MUSTER ROLL ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY. COLONEL. Jesse H. Moore, Sept. 13, ’62. Promoted Brvt. Brig. -Gen., May 15, ’65. LIEUTENANT COLONELS. William Kinman, Sept. 13, '62. Killed in battle, Sept. 20, ’63. George A. Poteet, Sept. 20, ’63. Mustered out June 11, ’65; was Major. MAJOR. John W. Laphara, Sept. 20, 63. Mustered out June 11, ’65; was Capt. Co. A. ADJUTANTS. John H. Woods, Sept. 13, ’62. Resigned April 10, ’63. A. Litsinberger, April 10, ’63. Resigned October 26, ’63. W. W. Peddecord, Oct. 28, ’63. Mustered out June 11, ’65. QUARTERMASTERS. B. F. Farly, Sept. 13, ’62. Resigned April 1, ’63. Charles W. Jerome, April 1, ’63. Mustered out June 11, ’65. SURGEONS. Enoch W. Moore, Oct 4, ’62. Resigned April 17, ’63. Charles W. Higgins, June 8, ’63. Declined commission. Garner II. Bane, June 17, ’63. Mustered out June 1 1, ’65. FIRST ASSISTANT SURGEONS. N. G. Blalock, Sept. 13, ’62. Resigned July 27, ’63. Clark E. Loomis, Aug. 17, ’64. Mustered out June 11, ’65. SECOND ASSISTANT SURGEON. James A. Jones, Oct. 3, ’62. Murdered by guerrillas, Tunnel Hill, Ga., July 11, ’64. CHAPLAINS. Arthur Bradshaw, Sept. 23, ’62. Resigned Dec. 30, ’63. Richard Holding, Jan. 1, ’63. Declined commission. Wm. S. Crissey, July 20, ’63. Mustered out June 11, ’65. COMPANY ‘‘ A.” CAPTAIN. Jesse Hannon, Sept. 20, ’63. Mustered out June 11, ’65; was 1st and 2d lieutenant. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. A. C. Bankson, Sept. 13, ’62. Resigned Dec. 30, ’62. Jos. B. Gore, Sept. 20, ’63. Mustered out June 11, ’63; was 2d lieut. PRIVATE. Wm. Reese, Aug. 11, 62. Died at Nashville, Tenn , Oct. 12, ’63 ; wounds. COMPANY “e.” CAPTAINS. John M. Lane, Sept. 13, ’62. Resigned May 11, ’63. James A. Whitaker, May 11, ’63. Mustered out June 11, ’65; waslstlieut. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. David S. Moffitt, Sept. 13, ’62. Resigned March 25, ‘63. Jesse F. Hedges, May 11, ’63. Mustered out June 1 1, ’65 ; was 2J lieut. SECOND LIEUTENANTS. Adam C. Allison, Sept. 13, ’62. Resigned Feb. 28, ’63. I. H. C. Royse, May 11, ’63. Mustered out June 11, ’65. PRIVATES. Abrams, F. M., Aug. 3, ’62. Armstrong, J. A., Aug. 13, ’62. Armstrong, M. S., Aug. 13, ’62. Ashmead, M.J., Aug. 13, ’62. Amsle^, John, Aug. 22, ’62. Biddle, Alexander W., Aug. 22, ’62. Breeden, John M., Aug. 22, ’62. Breeden, C. M., Aug. 22, ’62. Barnes, John A., Aug. 22, ’62. Bivens, Robert. Aug., 22, ’62. Clements, D. T-, Aug. 22, ’62. Clements, M. H„ Aug. 22, ’62. Clements, Philip, Aug. 22, ’62. Cummings, John, Aug. 22, ’62. Cummings, J. H., Aug. 22, ’62. Crocks, G. W., Aug 15, ’62. Crafton, John, Aug. 22, ’62. Clements, E. T„ Aug. 13, ’62. Douglas, A. C., Aug. 13, ’62. Darmer, John O , Aug. 15, ’62. Darmer, Wm. C., Aug. 15, ’62. DeAtley, A- II., Aug. 13, 62. Gay, David H , Aug. 13, ’62. Mustered out June 11, ’65. Mustered out June 11, ’65. Died at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 3. ’63. Killed at Chiekamauga, Sept. 20, ’63. Discharged June 20, ’63; disability. Trans, to V. R. C., April 30, ’64. Discharged Jan. 5, ’63; disability. Mustered out June 11, ’65, as corporal. Mustered out June 11, ’65, as corporal. Discharged March 23, ’65; wounds. Missing in action, Sept. 20, ’63. Discharged Dec. 14, ’62; disability. Mustered out June 11, ’65, as corporal. Absent, sick, at muster out of regiment. Mustered out June 11, ’65. Died in Christian Co., 111., Nov. 6, ’62. Died at Nashville, Tenn., March 4, ’63. Mustered out June 11, ’65, as sergeant. Promoted hospital steward. Discharged May 15, ’65 ; wounds. Mustered out July 1, ’65; was prisoner. Died at Nashville, Tenn., March 3, 63. Discharged April 3, ’63; disability. 92 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS Hight, James L., Ang. 13, ’62. Hedges, Jesse T., Aug. 13, ’G2. Johnson, Jos , Aug. 11, ’62. Jacobs, James C., Aug. 22, '62. Markwell, W. A., Aug. 22, ’62. Myers, John W., Aug. 15, '62. Martin, James M., Aug. 13, ’62. Pope, Zachariah, Aug. 13, ’62. Pope, James M., Aug. 13, ’62. Quick, Samuel W-, Aug. 13, 62. Roberson, Jer., Aug, 13, ’62. Rose, John V., Aug. 13, ’62. Ruby, Henry J., Aug. 13, '62. Rubv, Janus A., Aug. 13, ’62. Rugh, Samuel, Aug. 13, ’62. Wood, Newell, Aug. 13, '62. Whitaker, J. A., Aug. 15, ’62. White, Levi, Aug., 13, ’62. Waterman, G. B., Aug. 13, ’62. Deatley, Jos A., Jan. 22, ’63. Elder, Wm. F., Jan. 28, ’63. liugle, John. Corporal ; transferred to V. R. C. April 30, ’64. 1st sergeant; promoted 2d lieutenant. Corporal ; killed at Chiekamauga, Sept. 20, ’63. Mustered out June 11, ’65. Mustered out June 11, ’65. Mustered out June 11, ’65. Mustered out June 11, ’65, as sergeant. Died at Lexington, Ivy., Nov. 10, ’62. Died at Danville, Ivy., Dec. 31, ’62. Mustered out June 11, ’65. Transferred to eng. corps Aug 11, ’64. Died at Resaca, Ga., May 26, ’64. Killed at Chiekamauga, Sept. 20, ’63. Mustered out June 11, ’65. Mustered out June 11, ’65. Mustered out June 11, ’65. Promoted 1st lieutenant. Discharged Aug. 6, ’63; disability. RECRUITS. Transferred to Co. A, 21st 111. Infantry Discharged Jan. 2, ’65; wounds. Died at Nashville, Tenn., Sept 14, ’63. COMPANY “ r. CAPTAINS. F. L. Hays Sept. 13, ’62. Chas. Griffith, April 7, ’64. Promoted by President to major and payment, April 6, ’64. Austered out June 11, ’64. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. James Smith, Sept. 13, ’62. Resigned Feb. 6, ’63. Mat. Freeman, Feb. 6, ’63. Died March 30, ’63; was 1st lietit. Wm. F. Slocum, March 30, ’63. Resigned Nov. 28, ’63; was 1st lieut. Jacob Porter, Nov. 28, ’63. Killed May 15, ’64. Gordon W. Mills, May 15, ’64. Resigned Feb. 14, ’64. C. C. McComas, March 13, ’65 Mustered out June 11, ’65. SECOND LIEUTENANT. David Reed, March 30, ’63. Died Sept. 27, ’63 ; wounds. PRIVATES. Carter James F., Aug. 7, ’62. Lutrell, Alexander, Aug. 12, ’62. Goodman. Charles, Aug. 16, ’62. Moore, Edward, Aug. 18, ’62. Sanderson, J. D., Aug. 21, ’62. Cline, Andy, Aug. 6, ’62- Chew, William L., Aug. 13, 62. Freeland, G. C., Aug. 12, '62. Garver, Abe. M., Aug. 14, ’62. Imboden, C. M., Aug. 6, ’62. Kramer, Elias, Aug. 6, ’62. Kepler, Andrew, Aug. 11, 62. Kaufman, I. S., Ang. 12, ’62. Kaulman, M. S., Aug. 11, ’62. Kolp, William H., Aug. 9, ’62. Lutrell, The., Aug. 6, 62. Moore Albert T., Aug. 6, 62. Meridith, James W., Aug. 7, ’62. Oglesby, C. E., Sept. 11, ’62. Priest, John, Sept. 6, 62. Pierce, William W., Aug. 11, '62. Roe, George L., Aug. 11, ’62. Ross, Jos., Aug. 15, 62. Roberts, Richard, Aug. 9, ’62. Shively, A If. , Ang. 11, ’62 Shull, Richard, Aug. 11, ’62. Henry Pratt, Sept. 13, ’62. J. O. Reardon, April 24, ’63. Mustered out July 12, ’65. Killed at Chiekamauga Sept. 20, ’63. Mustered out June 11, ’65. Discharged Aug. 6, ’63; disability. Mustered out June 11, ’65. Discharged May 30, ’63 ; disability. Discharged April 1, ’63; disability. Mustered out .June 11, ’65, as corporal. Mustered out June 11, ’65. Discharged Feb. 29, 64; wounds. Discharged Oct. 4, '62 ; disability. Mustered out June 11, ’65. Mustered out June 11, ’65, as sergeant. Muetered out June 11, ’65, as corporal. Promoted principal musician. Dicharged Dec. 16, ’63 ; disability. Mustered out June 11, ’65, as sergeant. Mustered out June 11, ’65. Mustered out June 11, ’65. Mustered out June 11, ’65. Mustered out June 11, ’65. Died at Franklin, Tenn., April 6, ’63. Discharged April 14, ’63; disability, Discharged Jan. 22, 63; disability. Sergeant; killed at Chiekamauga Sept, 20, ’63. Mustered out June 11, '65. company “h. CAPTAINS. Resigned April 16, '63. Mustered out June 11, ’65; was 1st and 2d lieutenant. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. Silas Parker, Sept. 13, ’62. Resigned Nov. 12, ’63. Jos. J. Slaughter, April 24, '63. Mustered out June 11, ’65. SECOND LIEUTENANT. S. R. Hatfield, March 12, ’63. Boze, Alvis IL, Aug. 15, ’62. I’litsenberger, A., July 6, ’62. Peddecord, W. W., Aug. 5, ’62. Quinlan, John, Aug. 7, ’62. Weatherford, W., Aug. 13, ’62. Mustered out June 11, ’65. PRIVATES. Discharged March 31, ’63. Promoted commissary sergeant. Promoted sergeant-major. Discharged March 20, ’63. Mustered out June 11, ’65. company “k.” James Steele, Sept. 13, ’62. Alanson Pierce, March 3, ’63. Philip Riley, Sept. 24, ’64. CAPTAINS. Dismissed March 3, ’63. Resigned Sept. 24, ’64. Mustered out June 11, ’65; was 1st and 2d lieutenant. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. Sylvester Baily, Sept. 13, ’64. Resigned Dec. 28, ’63. Samuel Alexander, Sept. 24. Mustered out June 11, ’64. Throckmorton, J. W. PRIVATE. SIXTY-THIRD INFANTRY. COL. FRANCIS MORO’s REGIMENT. The Sixty-third regiment, to which company H was attached, be- longed mostly to Macon co., and was organized at Camp Dubois, Anna, Illinois, Dec. 1861, Colonel Francis Moro, commanding, and was mustered into the United States’ service, April 10th, 1862. It was ordered to Cairo, April 27th, and thence to Henderson, Ky., July 12th ; Aug. 4th, was sent to Jackson, Tennessee, and assigned to the Fourth Brigade, Seventh Division, Seventeenth Army Corps, Brig.-General, John A. Logan, commanding division. September 29th, Col. Moro resigned, and Lieut. Colonel McCown took com- mand ; Nov. 10th, moved to La Grange ; Nov. 28th, was in the advance against Pemberton, driving him to Grenada, Miss ; May 10th, 1863, ordered to Vicksburg, and crossing the river, completed the investment of the city on the extreme left ; May 24th, narrowly escaped capture; June 7th, was assigned to Mower’s Brigade, Se- venteenth Army Corps, and moved to Milliken’s Bend, to protect that place; June 16th, took part in the fight and destruction of Richmond, Louisiana, and returned to Young’s Point, remaining there till after the surrender, and then going on post duty at Vicks- burg, July 5th, 1863; Sept. 12th, moved to Helena, Arkansas; thence, Sept. 28th, to Memphis; Oct. 6th, to Chattanooga; Nov. 16th, reached Bridgeport, Alabama ; Nov. 23d and 24th, partici- pated in the famous battle of Mission Ridge, and afterward pursued the enemy to Ringgold, Ga. ; December 21st, ordered to Huntsville, where it went into winter quarters, Dec. 26th ; January 21st, 1864, 272 men of the regiment re enlisted as veterans, and after a fur- lough of thirty days, commencing April 3d, and doiug various guard duty, the regiment w'as ordered, Nov. 11th, to join the army under General Sherman, and Nov. 15th, 1864, left Atlanta, reaching the defenses of Savannah, Dec 10th, and taking part in the attack on the Ogeechee canal ; performed picket duty till Dec. 21st, when the city surrendered. January 19th, 1865, started on an expedition through the Caroliuas, participating in all the skir- mishes and battles of that celebrated campaign ; lost one officer and twenty-five men by the explosion of the arsenal at Columbia, South Carolina; also, lost five men at Little Lynch’s Creek; did gallant service in the battle of Beutonville, North Carolina, March 21st, and entered Goldsboro’, March 24th, 1865. The regiment was highly complimented by the Inspector General of the Army of the Tennessee, for the fine appearance of the camp and the soldierly bearing of the men The non-veterans of the regiment were mus- tered out April 9th. April 10th, moved to Raleigh ; April 29th, left Raleigh, and May 10th, reached Richmond ; May 24th, par- ticipated in the grand review at Washington, and after having made a brilliant record in defense of the nation’s life, was mustered out of service, July 13th, 1865. The original number of men in the regiment was 888 ; present when re-enlisted, 322 ; veterans of eight companies, (two companies being ineligible), 272; arrived at Camp Butler for final discharge, 272; distance the regiment tra- veled by railroad, 2208 miles; distance by water, 1995 miles; marched, 2250 miles; total, 6453 miles. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 93 MUSTER-ROLL SIXTY-TIIIRD INFANTRY. COLONELS. Francis Moro, Dee. 1, ’61. Resigned Sept. 29, ’62. Jos. B. McCown, Sept. 29, ’62. M. O. April 9, ’65; was lieut. col. James Isaminger, July 12, ’65. M. O. July 12, ’65; was lieut. col. LIEUTENANT COLONEL. Henry Glaze, Sept. 24, ’62. Resigned June 30, ’63; was major. MAJORS. Josepli K. Lemen, Sept. 29, ’62. Mustered out April 9, ’65. J. R. Stanford, June 4, ’65. Mustered out July 13, ’65. ADJUTANTS. C. S. Chambers, April 10, ’62. Resigned Dec. 16, ’62. W. P. Richardson, Dec. 16, ’62. Mustered out April 9, ’65. Theodore Elfes, June 6, ’65. Mustered out July 13, ’65. quartermasters. John M Maris, Feb. 23, ’62. Mustered out April 9, ’65. Benj. Robertson, June 6, ’65. Mustered out July 13, ’65. SURGEONS. Wm. M. Gray, May 26, '62. J. W. McKinney, Sept. 15, ’62. Alex. A. Lodge, June 6, ’65. Resigned Sept. 12, ’62. Mustered out April 9, ’65. Mustered out July 13, ’65 ; was 1st and 2d Asst. Surgeon FIRST ASSISTANT SURGEON. Lyman Hall, April 10, ’62. Resigned Dec. 31, ’62 CHAPLAINS. Stephen Blair, April 10, ’62. Died. John Glaze, Feb. 2, ’63. Commission canceled. George Compton, May 22, ’63. Mustered out July 13, ’65. COMPANY “ H.” CAPTAINS. S. G. Parker, April 10, ’62. Discharged July 14, ’63. John M. Davis, July 14, ’63. Discharged April 30, ’64; was 1st lieutenant. George W. Baxter, July 12. Mustered out July 12, ’65; was 1st lieutenant. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. Wilson F. Cox, July 14, ’63. Mustered out May 24, ’65; was 2d lieutenant. A. J. Bixler, July 12, ’65. Mustered out July 13, ’65. SECOND LIEUTENANTS. James Houselman, April 10, ’62. Discharged Dec. 2, ’62. Thos. Abernethy, July 12. Mustered out July 13, ’65. FIRST SERGEANT. Snides, Daniel D., Dec. 16, ’61- sergeants. Cox, Wilson T., Dee. 16, ’61. Promoted 2d lieut. Baxter, Geo. W-, Dec. 16, ’61. Re-enlisted as a veteran. Freeman, R., Dec. 16, ’61. Re-enlisted as veteran. Mettlin, Jas. C., Dec. 16, ’61. Re-enlisted as veteran. CORPORALS. MoQuay, Jos., Dec. 16, ’61. Peterson, J. M. B., Dec. 16, ’61. Died at Jackson, Tennessee, Sept. 15, ’62. Dawson, D. L., Dec. 16, ’61. Re-enlisted as veteran. Kohr, Samuel W., Dec. 16, '61. Re-eulisted as veteran. Robinson, David, Dec. 16, 61. Died, Jackson, Tenn., Sept. 14, ’62. Lawrence, Y. P., Dec. 16, ’61. Mustered out April 9, ’65. Hill, Joel, Dec. 16, ’61. Holmes, W. H., Dec. 16, ’61. Disch’d Nov. 14, ’62; disability. WAGONER. Rowe, Absalom, Dec. 16, ’61. Disch’d Nov. 14, ’62; disability. Burch, George, Dec. 16, ’61. Barnhart, Jacob, Dec. 16, ’61. Baily, Samuel, Dec. 16, ’61. Crawford, Eli, Dec. 16, 61. Crawford, Wm., Dec. 16, ’61. Crawford S., Dec. 16, '61. Culver, S. M. Dec. 16, ’61. Campbell, S. D., Dec. 16, ’61. Cadwallader, A., Dec. 16, ’61. Church, George, Dec. 16, ’61. Cline, Simon, Dec. 16, 61. Crigler, Wm. II., Dec. 16, ’61. Doolan, J. L., Dec. 16, '61. Day, Richard, Dec. 16, ’61. Earles, Joshua, Dec. 16, '61. Earls, Booker, Dec. 16, ’61. Ebbert, John J., Dec. 16, 61. Ford, Wm. C., Dec. 16, ’61. Flaherty, J no., Dec. 16, ’61. Harrigan, Jno., Dec. 16, ’61. Holly, Michael, Dec. 16, ’61. Harman, Jesse, Dec. 16, ’61. Hogan, John, Dec. 16, ’61. Jones, James IT., Dec. 16, ’61, Lynch, My ter, Dec. 16, ’61. Lacost, John, Dec. 16, ’61. Lord, Andrew, Dec. 16, ’61. Middleton, B., Dec. 16, ’61. McWilliams, H., Dee. 16, ’61. Moore, John Dec. 16, ’61. Morgan, Samuel, Dec. 16, ’61. Newton, Wm„ Dec. 16, ’61. Platt, Phineas, Dec. 16, ’61. Querry, Wm., Dec. 16, ’61. Roberts, Jos., Dec. 16, ’61. Sheets, Joseph, Dec. 16, ’61. Sheets, Isaiah, Dec. 16, ’16. Smith, James, Dec. 16, ’61. Smith, George, Dec. 16, ’61. Sparling, And, Dec. 16, ’61. Sparling, Isaac, Dec. 61, ’61. Suck, Jacob, Dec. 16, ’61. Sullivan, Orren S., Dec. 16, ’61. Umbert, Chas. F., Dec. 16, ’61. Wimmer, B., Dec. 16, ’61. Wilson, W. A., Dec. 16, ’61. Wilson, John B., Dec. 16, ’61. Wright Harrison, Dec. 16, ’61. Watkins, Joel, Dec 16, ’61. Waller, Eli, Dec. 16, ’61. Weiver, Isaac, Dec. 16, ’61. Waggoner, Thos., Dec. ’16, 61. Waggoner R , Dec. 16, 16. Young, George, Dec. 16, ’61,. Young, Jas. B., Dec., 16, ’61. Re-enlisted as vet.; mustered out July 13, ’65. Died ai Anna, 111., April 27, ’62. Discharged June 28, ’64. Re-enlisted as vet. ; mustered out July 15, ’65. Disch’d Nov. 14, ’62; disability. Mustered out April 9, ’65. Died at Nashville, Tennessee, Jan. 3, ’64. Re-enlisted as vet. ; mustered out July 13, ’65. Disch’d Nov. 14, ’62 ; disability. Mustered out April 9, ’65. Disch’d Sept. 9, ’62; disability. Re-enlisted as veteran. Re-enlisted as veteran. Re-enlisted as vet. ; mustered out July 12, ’65. Re-enlisted as veteran. Re-enlisted as vet. ; mustered out July 15, ’65. Mustered out April 9, ’65. Retained to make good the time lost. Mustered out April 29, ’65. Mustered out April 11, ’65. Re-enlisted as vet. ; musterod out July 15, ’65. Died at Mound City, May 20, ’62. Re-enlisted as vet. ; mustered out July 13, ’65. Re-enlisted as veteran. Re-enlisted as veteran, mustered out July 13, ’65. Re-enlisted as veteran. Mustered out April 9, ’65. Disch’d July 19, ’62; disability. Mustered out April 9, ’65. Re-enlisted as vet.; mustered out July 13, ’65. Re-enlisted as veteran. Discharged July 23, ’62. Re-enlisted as veteran. RECRUITS. Abbott, Isaiah Dec. 16, ’61. Beach, Harmon, Feb. 27, ’64. Davis, Allen, Feb. 27, ’64. Mustered out July 13, ’65. Mustered out July 13, ’65* Mustered out July 13, ’65. ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH INFANTRY’. Ayers, Dan. C., Dec. 16, ’61. Armstrong, S. A., Dec. 16, ’61. Abbott, Jo-iah, Dec. 16, '61. Abernethy, Thos., Dec. 16, '61. Asbury, Levi, Dec. 16, ’61. Barnes, Wm. R., Dec. 16, ’61. Brockway, A.. Dec. 16, ’61. Brockway, D. L., Dec. 16, ’61. Bixler, A. J., Dec. 16, ’6i. Bruce, Franklin, Dec. 16, ’61. Brower, Godfrey, Dec. 16, ’61. Bozarth, Jno. S., Dec. 16, ’61. privates. Re-enlisted as vet.; mustered out Julv 13, ’65. Died at Cairo, May 12, ’62. Re-enlisted as vet.; mustered out July 13, ’65, asserg’t. Re-enlisted as veteran. Re-enlisted as veteran. Disch’d Nov. 14, ’62; disability. Re-enlisted as vet. ; mustered out July 14, ’65, as 1st serg’t. Mustered out May 31, ’65. Re-enlisted as vet.; mustered out Julv 13, ’65. COLONEL N. W. TUPPER’S REGIMENT. The 116th Illinois Infantry, Colonel N. W. Tupper, belonged almost exclusively to Macon county. The regiment was organized at the fair grounds, near Decatur, during August and September, 1862. On the sixth of September, the companies, not yet being full, were sworn into the United States service and mustered as a battalion. September thirty-first, the ranks having been filled up, the regiment was mustered, and November eighth was ordered to Cairo; thence, November ninth, to Memphis, remaining at the latter place till the twenty-sixth ; the Fifteenth Army Corps having meanwhile been organized under command of Gen. W. T. Sherman, and the 116th assigned to the first brigade, second division. Gen. 94 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Morgan L. Smith was assigned to the command of the division, and Gen. Giles A. Smith to the command of the brigade. The regiment marched from Memphis and reached Tallahatchie De- cember thirteenth ; December twentieth started down the Mississippi river; December twenty-sixth entered the Yazoo river, and landed fifteen miles above its mouth. For the next three days the regiment received its first baptism of fire in the battle of Chickasaw. Janu- ary, 1863, passed down the Yazoo and up the Mississippi and the Arkansas to the Arkansas Post, where, January tenth and eleventh, it fought its second battle ; January twenty-second, landed at Young’s Point, Louisiana, opposite Vicksburg and during the winter took part in the attempt to construct canals around that strongly fortified city. In the spring crossed the river near Port Gibson, and participated in the battles at Black river and Cham- pion Hills, and the bloody charges upon the works in the rear of Vicksburg, May eighteenth and twenty-second, and in the final siege of that city, which resulted in its surrender, July fourth. July fifth started in pursuit of the rebel general Johnston, and followed him to Jackson, Mississippi ; afterward drove him beyond Pearl river. July twenty-fifth, went into camp, called Camp Sherman, near Black river, remaining there until October ; then moved back to Vicksburg ; thence to Memphis and Corinth, whence the regiment marched to Chattanooga, reaching that place November twenty-first. During the night of November twenty-third, the 116th and the 6th Missouri floated down the Tennessee river on pontoons, and landed at the mouth of the Chickamauga, distant less than a mile from the rebel entrenchments on Missionary Ridge. Holding the position there till the remainder of the corps had been brought over, and all of Bragg’s pickets had been captured, the regiment marched to the foot of the Ridge, on the evening of the twenty-fourth, and engaged in a skirmish in which Gen. Giles A. Smith was wounded, leaving Col. Tupper to command the brigade. November twenty- fifth took part in the storming of Missionary Ridge, and, after this victory, marched to the relief of Knoxville, being constantly on the move till January ninth, 1864, when it went into winter quarters at Larkensville, Alabama, remaining there till May sixteenth ; was afterwards engaged in the charge and capture of Resaca ; was, also, in the battles of Dallas and Big Shanty, from May twenty-fifth to twenty-eighth; June twenty -seventh fought the battle of Kenesaw mountain ; thence crossed the Chattahoochie, and participated in the battle of Stone mountain, driving the enemy to the vicinity of Atlanta where the severe battles of July twentieth, twenty-second and twenty-eighth were fought, the federal forces recapturing the works after the enemy had taken them ; shortly after fighting the battle of Ezra Chapel, beating the rebels badly and repulsing them at every point ; August third, formed battle line within eight hun- dred yards of the Atlanta fortifications, and took part in the siege of that place, fighting the battle of Jonesboro’ August fourteenth, thereby virtually ending the siege ; went into camp at Atlanta and remained there till orders came for Sherman’s famous “ March to the Sea,” in which the regiment bore a conspicuous part, participa- ting, on the way, December thirteenth, in the capture of Fort McAlister ; marched to Savannah and went into camp there, Decem- ber twenty-first; next moved by water to Beaufort, S. C., and marched thence to Pocotaligo, where a battle was fought, and general skirmishing ensued until the city of Columbia was reached; after the burning of the city, the regiment went into camp there; moved thence to Bentonville, N. C., where a heavy battle was f night; marched then to Raleigh, which surrendered without oppo- sition ; thence, the great rebellion being virtually crushed, the regiment was ordered *to Washington, where it remained till mus- tered out of the service, June seventh, 1865. For some cause, unknown to the writer, no record of this noble regiment and its memorable deeds appears either in the Adjutant General's Reports or in the Patriotism of Illinois. The data for the foregoing imper- fect sketch were partly taken from Smith’s History of Macon County, to which indebtedness is hereby acknowledged, and partly fur- nished by the kindness of some of the surviving members of the regiment, who, we hope, may live many years yet, to enjoy the rich blessings of a united country, in defense of which they, with thousands of other patriots, endured untold hardships in camp and field. The brave Colonel Tupper, after having faced death in many a hard-fought battle, died at Decatur, March tenth, 1864, and beneath the beautiful monument in Greenwood cemetery, Decatur, erected to his memory by the citizens of Macon county, his remains now repose in the bivouac of the dead. Peace to his ashes, and to the other noble dead of the regiment whose patriotic deeds, though no pen may portray, or tongue describe, are emblazoned in golden letters of immortality on freedom’s eternal scroll. MUSTER-ROLL ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH INFANTRY. COLONELS. N. W. Tupper, Sept. 30, 'G2. Died at Decatur, March 10, ’64. John E. Maddox, June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, '65 ; was Lieut. Colonel. LIEUTENANT COLONELS. J. P. Boyd, Sept. 6. ’62. Anderson Froinan, Jan. 28, ’64. John A. Windsor, May 15, '65. Resigned Jan. 28, ’64. Died June 16, ’64; was Major. Mustered out June 7, ’65; was Major. MAJORS. Austin McCleery, Jan. 28, ’64. Resigned Sept. 26, '64. Nich Geshwind, June 7. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as Captain Company F. ADJUTANTS. Chas. II. Fuller, Sept. 30, ’62. Resigned June 27, ’63. Wm. E. Crissey, June 27, ’63. Discharged Jan. 30, ’65. Myron Holcomb, Jan. 30, ’65. Mustered out June 7, '65. QUARTERMASTERS. Lyman King, Sept. 3, ’62. Resigned March 2, ’63. Charles F. Emery, March 2, ’62. Prom, by President Jan. 9, ’64. John H. Porter, Jan. 9, ’64. Mustered out June 7, '65. SURGEON. Ira N. Barnes, Mch. 23, '63. Mustered out June 7, ’65. FIRST ASSISTANT SURGEON. J. A. Heckleman, Sept. 17, ’62. Mustered out June 7, '65. SECOND ASSISTANT SURGEON. J. A. W Hostetler, Oct. 1, ’62. Mustered out June 7, ’65. CHAPLAINS. N. M. Baker, Sept. 30, ’62. Mustered out June 7, ’65. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Crocker, R. C., Aug. 7, ’62. Holcomb, Myron. Ward, Thos. J., Aug. 9, ’62. Porter, John J. Hopkins, Allen F., Aug. 9, ’62. Crissey, Win. E., Aug. 9, ’62. Jennings, I. D., Aug. 7, '62. Lukens, Edward, Aug. 13, ’62. Barret, Martin L., Aug. 14, ’62. Ilenneby, Francis, Aug. 7, ’62. Sergt. Major, trans. to Co. D. Promoted Adjutant. Mustered out June 7, ’65; was priso- ner. Promoted Regiment Quartermaster. Quartermaster Sergeant; mustered out June 7, ’65. Com. Sergt.; promoted Adjutant; was Com. Sergt. Com. S> rgt. ; mustered out June 7, ’65. Hospital Steward; mustered out June 7, ’65. Principal musician; mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65; principal musician. COMPANY “A.” CAPTAINS. W F. Brown, Sept. 6, ’62. Resigned April 20, ’63. Guston F. Hardv, April 20, '63. Died June 12, ’63 ; was 2d lieut. William Grasson, June 12, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65 ; was 1st lieu- tenant. / HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 95 FIRST LIEUTENANTS. John B Perdew, Sept. 6, ’62. Died March 27, ’63. J. L. Shellabarger, June 12, ’63. Mustered out June 12, ’65; was 2d It. SECOND LIEUTENANT. Jas. Boswell, June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. SERGEANTS. Boswell, James IT., July 26, ’62. Sergeant; mustered out June 7, ’65. Stephens, A. C., Aug. 4, ’62. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Farrow, George L-, Aug. 4, ’62. CORPORALS. Harrington, R. H., Aug. 9, '62. Cox, Jerome A., Aug. 8, ’62. Stine, James, Aug. 6, ’62. Eads, James, Aug. 6, ’62. Baty, Samuel, Aug. 6, ’62. Perdew, Wm. M., Aug. 4, ’62. Discharged Feb. 2, ’63; disability. Mustered out May 20, ’65. Discharged Feb. 2, ’65, as Sergeant. Mustered out June 7, '65. Killed at Vicksburg, May 19, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65. MUSICIANS. Widick, Jas. IT., Aug. 6, ’62. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as Private. Lyons, Geo. W., Aug. 7, ’62. Mustered out June 7, ’75, as Private. WAGONER. Steel, Wm. M , Aug, 4, ’62. Discharged March 4, ’63 ; disability. PRIVATES. Agen, Monathan, Aug. 8, ’62. Allen, Elisha, Aug. 2, ’62. Balch, Alex. H., July 26, ’62. Bear, Wm., Aug. 6, ’62. Bear, Henry C., Aug. 9, ’62. Beamer, Jacob E., August 21, ’62. Bilby, George, August 14, ’62. Bowen, Daniel, Aug 9, ’62. Bowdle, Wm. H., Aug. 6, ’62 Bowman, Sol. S., Aug. 6, ’62. Brackney, Eli, Aug. 4, ’62. Brown, Wes. M. ; Aug. 6, ’62. Brown, Thos. W-, Aug. 13, ’62. Bundy, Hardin, Aug. 9, ’62. Burke, Thomas F., Aug. 6, ’62. Caulk, Albert, Aug. 9, ’62. Cheek, Alonzo, Aug. 26, ’63. Davis, George W-, Aug. 2, ’62. Green, Michael, Aug. 6, ’62. Glaze, Wm., July 26, ’62. Guffy, Nathaniel, Aug. 6, ’62. Gufly, Jacob, Aug. 14, ’62. Hickman, Wm , Aug. 6, ’62. / Hollandsworth, W., Aug. 6, ’62. Houseman, John, Aug. 6, ’62. Houseman, N., Aug. 21, ’62. Houseman, W-, Aug. 6, ’62. Jabine, Jas. T., Aug. 12, ’62. Littleton, T. M., Aug. 28, ’62. Long, James, Aug. 6, 62. Long, Thomas M., McKee, And, Aug. 7, ’62. Makey, Horace D., Aug. 8, ’62. Marsh, Samuel D., Aug. 22, ’62. Micheuer, J. A., Aug. 6, ’62. Miller, Daniel, Aug. 24, ’62. Morris, Lewis, Aug. 5, ’62. Morris, Wm. T., Aug. 8, ’62. McCurdy, Charles, Aug. 7, ’62. Nelson, Samuel July 30, ’62. Neyhard, John J , Aug. 6, '62. Nichols, John W., Aug. 6, ’62. Perdew, Joel F., Aug. 9, ’62. Page, Moses B., Aug. 21, ’62. Peck, John, July 21, ’62. Peck, Jacob, July 24, ’62. Pas ley, Arthur, Aug. 6, ’62. Palmer, Jos. V., Aug. 8, ’62. Porter, Jno IT., Aug. 20, ’62. Reason, Wm. J., Aug. 6, ’62. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Died of wounds received Arkansas Post, Jan. 11, ’63. Died at Van Buren, Arkansas, June 1, ’63. Died at Young’s Point, March 5, ’63. Absent, wounded at mustering out of regiment. Died at Memphis, Sept. 23, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Discharged Dec. 21, ’64 ; wounds. Transferred to V. R. C., January 10, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Transferred to Inv. Corps, August 1, ’63. Died at Benton Barracks, July 17, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as Sergeant. Andersonville Prison Record says died. Died at Young’s Point, La. Sergeant; killed at Atlanta, Ga., July 22, ’64. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Absent, sick at mustering out. ‘i << ,, Transferred to Inv. Corps, August 1, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as Corporal. Died at Young’s Point, April 19, ’63. Blustered out June 7, ’65. Absent, sick, at mustering out of regi- ment. Transferred to V. R. C., Aug. 10, ’64. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as Corp. Blustered out June 7, ’65. Blustered out June 7, ’65. Transferred to Inv. Corps, Sept. 1, ’63. Blustered out June 7, ’65. “ June 26, ’65. Died at St. Louis, April 29, ’63. Died at Camp Butler, 111., January 4, ’64. Died at Young’s Point, Biarch 4, ’63. Sergt. ; wounded ; transferred to Inv. Corps, Feb. 15, ’64. Died at Biarietta, Ga., Aug. 3, ’64 ; wounds. Died at Blemphis, June 28, ’63. Discharged March 16, ’t3 ; disability. Mustered out June 7, 65. Discharged Feb. 6, '64 ; wounds. Absent, sick, at mustering out of regi- ment. Blustered out June 7, ’65. Sergeant ; died at home, Sept. 28, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Transferred to Invalid Corps, Decern. 1, ’63. Died June 4, ’63 ; wounds. Promoted Quartermaster Sergeant. Blustered out June 7, ’65. Rimmell, II. BL, Aug. 9, ’62. Ritter, John BL, Aug. 11, ’62. Rose, Elijah T., Aug. 7, ’62. Bundle, Charles W-, Aug. 6, ’62. Rogers, Jno. W-, Aug. 6, ’62. Scheer, F. W-, Aug. 23, ’62. Skinner, John R., Aug 6, ’62. Stafford, Nelson, Aug. 6, ’62. Stapp, David, Aug. 6, ’62. Stewart, Thos. C., Aug. 6, ’62. Walker, Henry, Aug. 11, ’62. Walker, Peter, Aug. 9, ’62. Wear, Jonathan, Aug. 6, ’62. Wilson, George, Aug. 6, ’62. Wright, C. F., Aug- 6, ’62. Died at Blemphis, Tenn., Jan. 21, ’63. Blustered out June 7, ’65, as Sergeant. Died Blay 22, ’63, wounds at siege of Vicksburg. Blustered out June 7, ’65. Killed near Kingston, N. C., Blarch 8, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Discharged, Sept. 16, ’63, for wounds. Blustered out June 7, .65. Died at Lawson Hospital, Blay 5, ’63. Mustered out Jun. 7, ’65 ; was prison’r. Died at Memphis, Tenn., April 3, ’64. Blustered out June 7, ’65 ; wounded. Blustered out June 7, ’65 as Corporal. Absent, sick, at mustering out of regi- ment. Died at Jefferson barracks, J uly 2, ’63 RECRUITS. Bloffet, Joseph E., Feb. 1, ’64. Walters, William J., Feb. 1, ’64. John Leslie. Joseph Blythe. W. H. Clay. John W. Steward. Josiah D. Steward. BL M. Betzer. James Peck. John BlcKee. James BlcKee. Transferred to Co- IT, 55th 111. Inf. Died at Kenesaw Blountain, June 27, ’61; wounds. Died of wounds received at Kenesaw June 27, ’64. Wounded at Kenesaw, June 27. Wounded at Fort McAllister. Died in hospital. Killed at Jonesboro, Aug. 13. Transferred to 55th 111. Transferred to 55th 111. Transferred to 55th 111. Transferred to 55th 111 COMPANY “B.” CAPTAINS. Austin MeClurg, Sept. 6, ’62. Promoted Blajor. C. Reibsame, Jan. 28, ’64. Blustered out June 7, ’65; was 1st Lieutenant. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. John S. Taylor, Sept. 6, ’62. Killed Jan. 8, ’63. Charles E. Bolles, January 28, ’64. Commission canceled ; was 2d Lieut. John H. Miller, Jan. 28, ’64. Blustered out June 7, ’65; was 2d Lieut. SECOND LIEUTENANT. A. J. Williams, Sept. 6, ’62. Resigned Blarch 17, ’63. FIRST SERGEANT. Isaac D. Jennings, Aug. 7, ’62. Promoted Com. Sergeant. SERGEANTS Promoted 2d Lieutenant. Absent, sick, at muster out of regimt. Blustered out July 10, ’65, as Private. CORPORALS. Blustered out June 7, ’65. Blustered out June 7, ’65. Blustered out June 7, ’65 as Private. Absent, sick, at muster out of reg. Blustered out June 7, ’65. Blustered out June 7, ’65. MUSICIANS. Carter, H. W., Aug. 8, ’62. Discharged Jan. 28, ’63. Goodman, J. E., Aug. 11, ’62. Discharged Sept. 20, ’63. Brown, Iv. A , Aug. 7, ’62. Funk, William, Aug. 8, ’62. Rogers, Reuben, Aug. 9, ’62. Shirley, Geo. W., Aug. 9, ’62. Troutman, J. W-, Aug. 9, ’62. Troutman, Sam., Aug. 9, ’62. Bliller, John H., Aug. 7, ’62. Btenaugh, W. T., Aug. 7, ’62. Sunger, John A., Aug. 9, ’62. Songer, Adiniron, Aug. 9, ’62. Welty, Geo. H., Aug. 12_ ’62. Adams, James, Aug. 5, ’62. Andrews, J. B., Aug. 9, ’62. Boles, Chas. E., Aug. 13, ’62. Billings, Milton, Aug 8, ’62. Bear, John M. Aug. 6, ’62. Bradon, John E., Aug. 11, ’62. Burgess, T. J., Aug. 5, ’62. Bailey, John W., Aug. 15, ’62. Beck, William, Aug. 15, ’62. Bills, R., Jr., Aug. 14, ’62. Braden, S. R., Aug. 12, ’62. Bradshaw, S. C., Aug. 9, ’62. WAGONER. Blustered out June 7, ’65. PRIVATES. Blustered out June 7, ’65. Absent, sick at muster out of reg. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as sergt.; corn’d lieut. Blustered out June 7, ’65. Sergeant ; absent, sick at muster out of regiment. Blustered out June 7, ’65. Blustered out July 1, ’65, as corp. wounded. Absent, sick at muster out of reg. Killed at Arkansas Post: January 11, ’63. Absent, wounded at muster out of regiment. Died at Young’s Point, La., April 3, ’63. 96 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS . Burke, Patrick, Aug- 7, ’62- Burke, William, Aug. 7, ’62. Bell, Charles V., Aug. 15, ’62. Dilliner, Janies, Aug. 7, ’62. Daily, Austin, Aug. 19, ’62, Disbrow, Lewis, Aug. 14, ’62. Dugan, Michael, Aug. 14, ’62. Earls, Stephen, July 19, ’62. Enterline, E., Aug. 19, ’62. Enos, Thomas, Aug. 9, ’62. Enterline, Conrad, Aug. 9, ’62. Ellis, David A., Aug. 14, ’62. Frank, S. G., Aug. 6, ’62. Foster, John W., Aug. 20, ’62. Fry, Amos, July 19, ’62. Fuller, Fred., Aug. 7, ’62. Gill, John, Aug. 9, ’62. Garver, F. M., Aug. 9, ’62. Garver, C., Aug. 14, ’62. Houck, Lewis, Aug. 9, ’62. Huggins, J. H., Aug. 14, ’62. Henson, R. S., Aug. 9, ’62. Houck, Geo. L., Aug. 9, ’62. Hays, Thompson, Aug. 7, ’62. Henley, or Heneby, F., Aug. 7, ’62. Hays, John G., Aug. 7, ’62. Hough, John S., Aug. 9, ’62. Jordan, John W., Aug. 8, ’62. Jordan, Wm. H., Aug. 8, ’62. Jordan, Jeremiah, Aug. 9, ’62. Kelley, Michael, Aug. 15, ’62. Larken, T. H , Aug. 7, ’62. Malier, Edward, Aug. 15, ’62. McWhinney, Jno., July 30, ’62. Myer, William, Aug. 2, ’62. McDonald, R., July 17, ’62. Nolan, Patrick, Aug. 21, ’62. Nix, Wm. H., Aug. 7, ’62. Nesbitt, H. W., Aug. 11, ’62. Olney, Geo. W., Aug. 11, ’62. Pricer, Aaron, Aug. 9, ’62. Peaker, John W., Aug. 8, ’62. Patterson, A., Aug. 9, ’62. Patterson, G. W-, Aug. 20, ’65. Quackenbush, S , July 30, *’62. Rogers, R. A., Aug. 9, ’62. Reibsame, C., Aug. 11, ’62. Rutherford, G- IV., Aug. 8, ’62. Smoot, Ben. F., Aug. 9, ’62. Street, Wesley, Aug. 15, ’62. Stains, John A., Aug. 8, ’62. Shelton, Martin, Aug. 11, ’62. Shepherd, J. H. Aug. 9, ’62. Sickafonse, J. W., Aug. 15, ’62. Shepherd, A., Aug 8, ’62. Shutter, Daniel, Aug. 9, ’62. Tolies, Cyrus N„ Aug. 8, ’62. Wall, Richard, Aug. 14, ’62. Wydick, John, Aug. 9, ’62. Weikel, Samuel, Aug. 15, ’62. Westfall, J W., July 30, ’62. Wheeler, Amos, Aug. 11, ’62. Warnick, W. C., Aug. 15, ’62. Wheeler, A. J., Aug. 12, ’62. Died at Young’s Point, La., April 8, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Died in Mississippi, Mar. 23, ’63. Absent, sick at muster out of reg. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Sergeant ; died at Young’s Point, April 15, ’63. Mustered out July 2, ’65. Absent, sick at muster out of reg. Discharged March 14, ’63. Died at Young’s Point, Feb. 11, ’63. Discharged March 20, ’64. Trans, to V. R. C., Sept. 1, ’63. Died at St. Louis, April 11, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out July 19, ’65 ; w’nded. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65 as corp. Died at St. Louis, May 17, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65 ; was pris’r. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Promoted principal musician. Discharged Aug. 7, ’63. Absent, sick at muster out of reg. Died at Young's Point La., Feb., 8, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Died at Young’s Point, February 11, ’63. Mustered out June 7. ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as corp. Deserted Nov. 13, ’62. Died at Memphis, Oct. 4, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Absent, sick at muster out of reg. Died at Keokuk, la., Jan. 27, ’63„ Died at Memphis, March 17, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Absent, wounded, at M. O. of reg. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Killed at Kenesaw Mountain, June 27, ’64. Mustered out July 10, ’65. Absent, sick, at muster out of reg. Promoted sergt., then 1st lieut. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Died at Young’s Point, February 15, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Died at Y^oung’s Point, June 4, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Killed at Arkansas Post, January 11, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Absent, sick at muster out of reg. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as sergt. Sick at muster out of regiment. Sick at muster out of regiment. Mustered out June 7, ’65. RECRUITS. Sites, Henry, Feb. 25, ’64. Trans, to Co. F., 55th 111. Inf. Shutter, Felix, Feb 24, ’64. Trans, to Co. F. 55th 111. Inf- Westfall, Jas. K., April 13, ’64. Trans, to Co. F. 55th III. Inf. company “c.” CAPTAINS. Thos. White, Sept. 6, ’62. Killed in battle May 26, ’64. R. M. Foster, June 7, ’64. Mustered out June 7, ’65 ; was 1st and 2d lieut. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. Jas. M. Wallace, Sept. 6, ’62. Resigned March 2, ’63. Z- R. Prather, April 20, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65; was 2d lieut. SECOND LIEUTENANT. Jacob B. Schroll, June 7. Mustered out June 7, ’65. FIRST SERGEANT. Ellis, John, W., Aug. 9, ’62. Died at Young’s Point Feb. 23, ’63- SERGEANT. Metzler, Abe., Aug. 13, ’62. Wounded at muster out of regiment. Camp, W. P., Aug. i 9, ’62. Montgomery, T., Aug. 9, ’62. Davidson, John B., Aug. 9, ’62. Died at Milliken’s Bend June 23, ’63. Trans, to V. R. C., Feb. 1, ’64. Died at Young’s Point Feb. 8, ’63. Dunbar, Elias L., Aug. 9, ’62. Edwards, J. W„ Aug. 9, ’62. Fenton, Philo S., Aug. 9, ’62. Maeyers, Sam. T., Aug. ’62. Jones, Jas. IL, Aug. 13, ’62. Markel, Israel W-, Aug. 9, ’62. Prather, Z. R., Aug. 9, ’62. Warnick, R. G., Aug. 9, ’62. CORPORALS. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Diseh’d April 13. ’63 ; disability. Absent, wounded at muster out of regiment. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Disch’d Feb., ’63 ; wounds. Died at Memphis Feb. 30, ’63. Promoted 2d lieut. Died at Memphis, May 22, ’63. Ilelpman, D. C., Aug. 9, ’62. Wallace, W. R., Aug. 6, ’62. Niles, Erastus, Aug. 9, ’62. MUSICIANS. Mustered out July 22, ’65 ; was prisoner. Died on steamer D. A. January, March 7, ’63. WAGONER. Mustered out June 7, ’65. privates. Aaron, James L., Aug. 9, ’62- Ahum, Jas. W., Aug. 13, ’62. Black, Robert M., Aug. 9, ’62. Beedles, Jas. P., Aug 9, ’62. Bohrer, John W., Aug. 9, ’62. Bohrer, Geo. W., Aug. 9, ’62. Champion, A. B , Aug. 9, ’62. Cochran, Jas. A., Aug. 9, ’62. Coomb, Elijah, Aug. 9, ’62. Devore, Jos., Aug. 9, ’62. Dickey, Jno. B., Aug. 9, ’62. Davidson, Jas. B., Aug. 9, ’62. Davidson, D. L., Aug. 13, ’62. Davis, Wm., Aug. 9, ’62. Davidson, R. L., Aug. 9, ’62. Davidson, Alex., Aug. 13, ’62. Davidson, D. P., Aug. 13, ’62. Davidson, T. K., Aug. 15, ’62. Ellis, Jas. A., Aug. 9, ’62. Gregory, David, Aug. 9, ’62. Grennel, Chas., Aug. 9, ’62. Goff, Edward L., Aug. 9, ’62. Goff, Leonard J., Aug. 9, ’62. Gault, John M., Aug. 9, ’62. Hopkins, A. F., Aug. 9, ’62. Hill, Joshua F., Aug. 9, ’62. Herrington, D. J., Aug. 11, ’62. Howell, E. J., Aug. 11, ’62. Jones, Hugh, Aug. 13, ’62. Krone, Jacob, Sept. 15, ’62. Mcllheran, John, Aug. 9, ’62. Maeyers, John, Aug. 9, ’62. Montgomery, Eli, Aug. 9, ’62. McConnaughty, S. B., Aug. 9, ’62. Myers, Wm. J., Aug. 9, ’62. Mav, Henrv F., Aug. 13, ’62. McMurty, j. L., Aug. 13, ’62. Pound, D. K., Aug. 13, ’62. Riber, E., Aug. 13, ’62. Stoner, John II., Aug. 9, ’62. Smith, John R., Aug. 9, ’62. Smith, Jos. P., Aug. 9, ’62. Snyder, Sam. W-, Aug. 9, ’62. Stine, Hiram S., Aug. 9, ’62. Scott, James T., Aug. 9, ’62. Scott, Henry C., Aug. 9, ’62. Schroll, Jacob B, Aug. 9, ’62. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Died at Young’s Point Feb. 10, ’63. Disch’d June 3, ’63; disability. Died on City of Memphis, March 16, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Disch’d Jan. 9, ’63; disability. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as sergt. Mustered out July, ’65, as corporal, prisoner of war. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Discharged April 25, ’64. Trans, to signal corps June 7, ’64. Disch’d Feb. 5, ’63 ; disability. Mustered out July 11, ’65; prisoner of war. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Died at home Dec. 5, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Killed near Jonesboro, Ga., Aug. 31, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Died at Louisiana April 16, ’63. Died at Mound City Dec. 15, '63. Died at Mound City Nov. 2, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as wagoner. Absent, wounded at muster out of regt. Prom, sergt., then quartermaster sergt. Prisoner of war; (lied July 23, ’63; wounds. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as musician. Died at Richmond, Va., Feb. 15, ’65. Prisoner of war. Died at Memphis, Tenn., Dec. 24, ’62. Died at Paducah, Ky., Feb. 20, ’64. Absent, wounded at muster out of regt. ; prisoner of war. Died at Andersonville prison, June 17, ’64. Died at Mound City Dec. 7, ’64. Died at Walnut Hills, Miss., May 19, ’63 ; wounds. Disch’d Jan. 24, ’63; disability. Disch’d March 20, ’63; disability. Must’d out July 1, ’65 ; was prisoner. Mast'd out June 7, ’65; was prisoner. Must’d out June 7, ’65 ; was promoted, sergt. Mustered out May 27, ’65. Disch’d Feb. 6, ’64; disability. Disch’d Aug. 4, ’63; disability. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Disch’d July 7, ’63 ; disability. Disch’d Jan., ’63; disability. Died at Memphis July 8, ’63; wounds. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as sergt. Com. 2d lieut. ; was prisoner. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 97 Spaulding. J. A., Aug. 9, ’62. Turpin, Beechem, Aug. 9, ’62. Thomas Wm., August 9, ’62. Traughber, R. S., August 9, ’62. Travis, J. D. C., August 13, ’62. Travis, Isaac W., August 13, ’62. Travis, Samuel H., Augt. 13, ’62. Travis, U. D. August 13, ’62. Timmons, Ephraim, Aug. 12, ’62. Timmons, Lam., Aug. 13, ’62. Traughber, H. C., August 18, ’62. Urbain, John, August 9, ’62. Yliet, Amos W., August 9, ’62. Wallace, William, August 9, ’62. Ward, Thomas J., August 9,’ 62. Wilson Robert D., August 9, ’62 Webber, Lewis, August 18, ’62. Died at Camp Sherman, Miss., Aug. 6, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Died at Richmond, Va. February 10, ’64; prisoner of war. Died on steamer City of Memphis, February 8, ’63. Discharged February 16, ’63, disability. Died at St. Louis, September 2, ’63. Died on steamer Planet January 5, ’63. Died at Louisiana, April 27, ’63. Discharged Feb. 25, ’63; disability. Died at Memphis, March 16, ’63. Mustered out June, ’65. Disch’d September 5. ’63 ; disability. Mustered out June ’65. Discharged April, ’63; disability. Sergeant; prom’d sergeant-major ; was prisoner of war. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Died at Richmond, Va., March 16, ’64. RECRUITS. Aaron, John C., Feb. 11, ’64. Baker, N. M. Devore, Benjamin F. Dulaney, John, March 29, ’64. Johnson, W. H., February 27, ’64. Kimberlin, John A. Kitt, Samuel. Transferred to Co. F, 55th 111. Inf. Transferred to Co. K, before muster in, Transferred to Co. F, 55th 111. Inft. Transferred to Co. F., 55th III. Inf. Transferred to Co. K, before muster in. COMPANY D. CAPTAINS. Joseph Lingle, Sept. 6, ’62. Resigned February 29, ’64. George A. Milmine, Feb. 29, ’64. Discharged January ’30, ’65; was 1st and 2d lieut. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. Jas. R. Briggs, Sept. 6, ’62. Resigned April 6, ’63. Thad. Collins, Feb. 29, ’64. Mustered out June 7, ’65 ; was 2d lieut. SECOND LIEUTENANT. Hugh A. Lyons, June 7. Mustered out June 7, ’65. FIRST SERGEANT. George, J. W., August 15, ’62. Discharged Aug. 3, ’63. SERGEANTS. Hoagland, J. E., August 7, ’62. Williams, G. W-, August 7, ’62. Collins, Thad., Aug. 7, ’62. Lyons, Hugh A., Aug. 13, ’62. Discharged June 7, ’63; disability. Died on steamer City of Memphis, February 18, ’63. Promoted 2d lieut. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as 1st sergt. coin’d 2d lieut. CORPORALS. Armstrong, T. D., August 13, ’62. Bowser, John F , Aug. 9, ’62. Gill, David, Aug. 9, ’62. Watson, A. J., Aug. 9, ’62. Streever, J. B., Aug. 9, ’62. Spore, Seth F., Aug. 9, ’62. Slifer, N. W., Aug. 9, ’62. Long, J. J., August 9, ’62. Sergeant ; died at St. Louis April 7, ’63. Died at Chattanooga May 21, ’64. wounds. Died at Chickasaw Bayou, Dec. 31, ’62. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Died at Annapolis, Md., Nov. 1, ’63. Transferred to Co. F, 55th 111. Inf. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as sergt. Died at Richmond, Va., Feb. 20, ’64; prisoner of war. MUSICIANS. Barger, Elias, Aug. 9, ’62. Robertson, Amos, Aug. 13, ’62. Emery, C. F., August 8, ’62. Armstrong, John, Aug. 15, ’62. Adams, Andrew, Aug. 11, ’62. Antrim, B. F., Aug. 7, ’62. Allen, J. L., Aug. 9, ’62. Amber, Wm., Aug. 9, ’62. Amber, H., Aug. 9, ’62. Adams, Joel B., Aug. 9, ’62. Arbuckle, J. I., Aug. 9, ’62. Alexander, Sam., Aug. 9, ’62. Briggs, Wm., Aug. 9, ’62. Belford, R. A., Aug. 12, ’62. Chism, John A., Aug. 8, ’62. Chapman, L. N., Aug. 9, ’62. Cory, Arthur O., Aug. 9, ’62. Cooper, N., Aug. 13, ’62. 13 Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as corp. Corporal ; died at Richmond, Va., Jan. 27, ’64 ; prisoner of war. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as sergt. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Died at Young’s Point Jan. 20, ’63. Died at Vicksburg, July 25, ’63. Mustered out June 8, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as corp. Died at home Dec. 21, ’63. Discharged Feb. 1, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as corp. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as prisoner of war. Died at Memphis, Tenn., March 6, ’63. WAGONER. Discharged March 2, ’63. PRIVATES. Craft, John, Aug. 15, ’62. Corn, A. F., Aug. 9, ’62. Crocker, R. C.,' Aug. 7, ’62. Davidson, E. II., Aug. 9, ’62. Daves, Wm., Aug. 9, ’62. Evans, Andrew, Aug. 13, '62. Emerick, Geo., Aug. 7, ’62. Elliott, J. W., Aug. 15, ’62. Fesler, Isaac, Aug. 9, ’62. Fenner, John W., Aug. 9, ’62. Fesler, Larkin, Aug. 15, ’62. Gash, II. B., Aug, 9, ’62, Huckaboy, Jas., Aug. 7, ’62. Kline, John, Aug. 15, ’62. Kennedy, John, Aug. 13, ’62. Lukens, Edwards, Aug. 13, ’62. Lukens, Wm. F., Aug. 13, ’62. Liston, J. E., Aug. 13, ’62. Locke, Philip, Aug. 27, ’62. MeKeever, H. D., Aug. 13, ’62. Miller, John, Aug. 13, ’62. Miller, Clark, Aug. 7, ’62. Millmine, E. K., Aug. 9, ’62. Martin, Robert, Ang. 13, ’62. O’Neal, Rarnett, Aug- 13, ’62. Pope, Richard, Aug. 23, ’62. Payne, Sandford, Aug. 13, ’62. Plater, J. Y., Aug. 7, ’62. Querry, James, Aug. 13, ’62. Querry, Eri, Aug. 18, ’62. Ray, Alonzo, Aug. 8, ’62. Rinehart, Wm., Aug. 15, ’62. Reed, Squire, Aug. 7, 62. Ryan, Joseph, Aug. 7, ’62. Shannon, W. G., Aug. 22, ’62. Schenck, B. W-, Aug 7, ’62. Schenck, Wm., Aug. 7, ’62. Sperling, Jacob, Aug. 9, ’62. Smith, Fred., Aug. 9, ’62. Scott, David, Aug. 7, ’62. Sellers, Peter, Aug. 18, ’62. Salters, J. W., Aug. 9, ’62. Shannon, John, Aug. 9, ’62. Sandy, Ed ward, Aug. 9, ’62. Thornburg, Thos., Aug, 7, ’62. Towers, Wm., Aug. 9, ’62. Tooly, Charles, Aug. 9, ’62. Vanler, Wm. A., Aug. 5, ’62. VanVoorhees, S. N-, Aug. 9. ’62. Williams, A. G., Aug. 11, ’62. Williams, M. J., Aug. 11, ’62. Withers, Alexander, Aug. 9, ’62. Withers, Ira, Aug. 9, ’62. Wright, A. J., Aug. 12, ’63. Zinn, Jacob, Aug. 15, ’62. Died at St. Louis April 5 ’64. Died on steamer City of Memphis Feb. 18, ’63. Promoted sergeant major. Absent, sick at muster out of regt. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as sergt. Corporal; died at Annapolis, Md., Aug. 25, ’63. Discharged April 3, ’63. Killed at Walnut Hills, Miss., May 19, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as corp. Discharged Jan. 19, ’63. Promoted hospital steward. Died in Mississippi June 22, ’63. Killed at Atlanta, Ga., July 22, ’64. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as prisoner. Mustered out June 7, 65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Discharged Sept. 2, ’63. Discharged Sept. 23, ’63. Discharged March 12, ’63. Sergeant ; died at Memphis April 4, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65; prisoner. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Discharged Jan. 19, ’63. Died at Camp Butler, 111., March 19, ’64. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65 as corp. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as corp. Mustered out June 7, ’65 as sergt. Sergeant ; died at Cleveland, Tenn., Jan. 28, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65; was pris. Discharged Aug. 12, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Discharged Feb. 6, ’64. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65,~as corp. Discharged Jan. 16, ’63. Discharged Jan. ’63. Died at Richmond, Va., March 5, ’64 ; prisoner of war. Died at St. Louis, March 26, ’63, Died at Young’s Point, March 23, ’63. Died at Milliken’s Bend, April 27, ’63. Died at Young’s Point, February 17, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Briggs, Alexander. Gill, Wm. H. H. Harris, E. RECRUITS. Died on Steamer Planet, Jan. 20, ’63. COMPANY “ E.” CAPTAINS. Lewis J. Eyman, Sept. 6, ’62. J. S. Windsor, January 31, ’63. R. M. Hamilton, September 26, ’64. Killed, January 11, ’63. Promoted major. Mustered out June 7, ’65; was 1st lieutenant. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. S. H. Varney, September 6, ’62. Resigned March 5, ’63. Joseph D. Noon, March 5, ’62. Died June 18, ’63. Wm. N. Streeter, June 3, ’63. Resigned May 27, ’64. Samuel J. Varney, September 26, ’64. Died small-pox, Feb. 13, ’65. W. H. Dickerson, April 20, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. SECOND LIEUTENANTS. W. L. Harris, September 6, ’62. Resigned June 28, ’63. Amsi H. Baker, June 7. Mustered out June 7, ’65. SERGEANTS. Mackey, L. J., Aug. 15, ’62. Absent, sick at muster out of regi- ment. Hamilton, R. M., August 15, ’62. Promoted 1st Lieut. 98 HISTORY OF MAO ON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. Noon, Joseph D., August 6, ’62. Baker, Amsi H., August 6, ’62. Eyinan, Ed. C., August 6, ’62. Boyd, E. H., August 2, ’62. Gepford, Jer., August 2, ’62. Rinehart, Joel, August 2, ’62. Eyinan, John, August 6, ’62. Danley, John, August 6, ’62. Parr, Andrew, August 7, ’62. Goodner, George, August 7, ’62. Died at Memphis, June 18, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65; corn’d 2d lieutenant. Died at Milliken Bend, April 26, ’63. Died at Young’s Point, February 23. ’63. Mustered out June 2, ’65. “ June 7, ’65. Trans, to V. R. C., January 15, ’64. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Rittenliouse, I. W., Aug. 6, ’62. Rager, William H., Aug. 2, 62. Shartzer, A., Aug 2, ’62. Sprague, James H., Aug. 2, ’62. Stockton, R. M., Aug. 6, ’62. Sollars, R. G., Aug. 6, ’62. Stout, Leonard, Aug. 6, ’62. Sprague, Nathaniel, Aug. 5, ’62. Smalley, Allen, Aug. 6, ’62. Snyder, Thomas A., Aug. 18, '62. Van Gundy, Geo., Aug. 6, ’62. Varney, Sam. J., Aug. 14, ’62. Wheeler, Larkin, Aug. 2, ’62. White, Lewis E., Aug. 2, ’62. Wood, Basil, Aug. 6, ’62. Young, Joseph H., Aug. 6, ’62. Corporal ; died at Decatur, 111., Sept’r 29, ’64; wounds. M. O. June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, .65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65 as Sergt. Disch’d Sept. 16, ’64. Disch’d March 28, ’64. M. O. June 7, ’65, as Corp. Died at Camp Sherman, Miss., Aug. 31, ’63. Died at St. Louis July 3, ’63. Died at Yog’s Point, March 16, ’63, Sergeant; corn’d lstlieut. ; not mstr’d; died at Annapolis Feb. 3, ’65. Disch’d Aug. 14, ’63. M. O. June 7, ’65. Died at Memphis Jan. 13, ’63. MUSICIANS. Kitch, Robert G., Aug. 6, ’62. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Gepford, Silas, Aug. 10, ’62. WAGONER. CORPORALS. Nicholson, H. B., Aug 6, ’62. Mustered out June 7, ’65. PRIVATES. Allen, William G., Aug. 8, ’62. Boyd, James H., Aug. 2, ’62. Benton, William P. RECRUITS. Died at Memphis, Jan. 13, ’63. CAPTAINS. Sam’l N. Bishop, September 6, ’62. Resigned April 12, ’63. N. Geschwind, April 12, ’63. Promoted Major. William P. Goodner, June 7. M. O. June 7, ’65. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. John B. Tutt, September 6, ’62. Died Jan. 26, ’63. S. R. Riggs, April 12, ’63. Resigned December 11, ’64. John A. Cochran, June 7. M. 0. June 7, ’65. SECOND LIEUTENANTS. E. R. Pratt. September 30, ’62. Died March 30, ’63. J. C. Stansbury, April 28, ’63. Died April 19, ’63. John P. Lewis, June 7. M. O. June 7, ’65. privates. Lourish, Benjamin, September 5, ’62. Died at Yng’s Point, February 15, ’63. Lourish, David, Aug. 11, ’62. Discharged March 20, ’63. Young, George E., September 14, ’62. Absent, sick at M. O. of regiment. CAPTAINS. Alonzo B. Davis, September 30, ’62. Died December 22, ’63. Harvey, Mahannab, December 22, ’63. M. O. June 7, ’65; was 1st Lieut. FIRST LIEUTENANT. James P. Barrett, December 22, ’63. M. O. June 7, ’65 SECOND LIEUTENANTS. Lafayette Helm, September 30, ’62- Died Feb. 16, ’63. Byron Barrett, March 15, ’63. M. O. June 7, ’65. FIRST SERGEANT. Barnett, James P-, Aug. 11, ’62. Promoted 1st Lieut. Landis, D. B., Aug. 18, ’62. Davis, William B., Aug. 12, ’62. Dovle, Michael, Aug. 9, ’62. Burdick, Z. C-, Aug. 12, ’62. Smith, William, Aug. 11, ’62. Rouse, Oren S., Aug. 12, ’62. Kitrick, Abe, Aug. 14, ’62. Bragg, John E., Aug- 12, '62. Rea, David, Aug. 12, ’62. SERGEANTS. Wounded ; transferred to V. R. C. September 15, ’63. M. O. June 7, ’65. M. O. June 7, ’65. CORPORALS. M. O. June 7, ’65, as Sergeant. M. O. June 7, ’65, as Sergt. M. O. June 7, ’65. M. O. June 7, ’65. MUSICIAN. M. O. June 7, ’65. WAGONER. Horton, William IL, Aug. 12, ’62. PRIVATES. Benton, Charles F., Aug. 6, ’62. Brewer, George \V. , Aug. 6, ’62. Bullard, Charles S., Aug. 6, ’62. Bruce, Joel, Aug. 8, 62. Bruce, George W., Aug. 6, ’62. Benton, E. L., Aug. 8, ’62. Barnhart, J., Aug. 10, ’62. Burt, Silas, Aug. 2, ’62. Clark, Ira E., Aug. 6, 62. Corn, John W,, Aug. 6, ’62. Cross, Jacob, Aug. 6, ’62. Clark, Charles H., Aug. 6, ’62. Carver, M , Aug. 7, ’62. Cox, John H., Aug. 7, '62. Cross, Israel M., Aug. 9, ’62. Dickerson, W. H., Aug. 2, ’62. Downey, John Aug. 6, ’62. Danley, F. M., Aug. 6, ’62. Douglas, S. A., Aug. 6, ’62. Dunham, L. H., Aug. 13, ’62. Eaton, Michael, Aug. 8, ’62. French, H. W., Aug. 2, ’62. Farnam, M. A., Aug. 2, '62. Farnam, Stephen, Aug. 2, ’62. Farnam, Chester, Aug. 6, ’62. Farnam, David, Aug. 6, ’62. Farnam, Lindsay, Aug. 6, ’62. Free, James, Aug 6, ’62. Fowler, J. W., Aug. 6, ’61. Gooden, Joseph, Aug. 6, ’62. Greeley, M., Aug. 6, ’62. Graham, Thomas, Aug. 7, ’62. Gass, E. M., September 29, ’62. Gepford, W. IL, September 16, ’62. Hornbeek, S. C., September 18, ’62. Houser, Geo. W., September 18, ’62. Houston, William, Aug. 2, ’62. Hunt, William, Aug. 2. ’62. Holcomb, Byron, Aug. 2, ’62. Hawk, James M„ Aug. 6,Y62. Hobbs, Jacob J., Aug. 6, ’62. Havener. Joseph, Aug. 6, ’62- Harrison, Benjamin, Aug. 6, ’62. Hatchett, John II. , Aug. 6, ’62. Jones, Young P., Aug. 7, '62. Johnson, F. M., Aug. 6. ’62. Jones, William G., Aug. 7, ’62. Johnson, E. M., Aug. 7, ’62. James, J. L., Aug. 8. ’62. Kitch, Solomon, Aug. 6, ’62. Kile, Edward M., Aug. 6, ’62. Kelsey, Harper, Aug. 13, ’62. Kile, John W., Aug. 6, ’62. Land, Moses, Aug. 6, ’62. Nelson, Eli, Aug. 7, ’62. Pettit, Geo., Aug. 6, ’62. Parr, James IL, Aug. 6, ’62. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Absent, sick at muster out of regi- ment. Absent, sick at muster out of regi- ment. M. O. June 7, ’65. Absent, sick, at M. O. of regiment. Died at Young’s Point, Feb. 9, ’63. Died at Decatur, Aug. 31, ’62. Died on hospital boat, March 18, ’63. M. O. June 7, ’65 ; prisoner of war. M. O. June 7, ’65. Died at Decatur, 111., Nov. 6, ’62. M. O. June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Died at Young’s Point, Feb. 11. Discharged at St. Louis. Died at Young's Point, March 26, ’63. Promoted Corporal, Sergeant, and 1st Lieutenant. M. O. June 7, ’65. Died at Young’s Point, March 5, ’63. M. O. June 7, ’65. Transferred to V. R. C., May 1, ’64. Discharged Nov. 25, ’63. Transferred to Inv. Corps, September 30, ’63. M. O. June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as Sergeant. Corporal ; killed at Resaca, Ga., May 14, ’64. M. O. June 7, ’65. Absent, sick at M. O. of regiment. M. O. June 7, ’65. Killed at Walnut Hills, Miss., May 19, ’63. M. O. June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as Corporal. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Died at Memphis, October 31, ’63. Mustered out, June 7, ’65, as Corporal. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as Corporal. Killed near Atlanta, Ga., July 22, ’64. M. O. June 7, ’65. Promoted Sergeant Major. M. O. June 7, ’65, as Corporal. Sergeant; died July 30, ’64; wounds. M. O. June 7, ’65. Died at Camp Butler, February 24, ’64. M. O. June 7, ’65; Sergeant. Absent, sick at M. O. of regt. Died at Decatur, 111., Oct. 16, ’63. Discharged, June 14, ’63. M. O. June 7, ’65, as Corporal. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Died at Memphis, Aug. 5, ’63. M. O. June 7, ’65. Died at Cherry Grove, 111., Novemb’r 25, ’63. Disch’d February 8, ’65 ; disability. Died near Dallas, Ga>, May 31, ’64. Died at Y’ng’s Point, March 2, ’63. Andrews, Elijah, September 28, ’62. Andrews, Elias, September 28, ’62. Barret, M. L., Aug. 14, ’62. Barrett, Charles, September 14, ’62. Brooks, William, Aug. 12, ’62. Baird, Joseph C., Aug. 12, ’62. Cotterell, Thomas, August 12, ’62. Crissey, William E., . Aug. 12, ’62. Dickey, William W., Aug. 15, ’62. Dickey, D. A., Sept. 9, ’62. Fry, William, September 9, ’62. Promoted Principal Musician. Died at Young’s Point Feb. 22, ’63. Discharged March 31, ’63. M. O. June 7, ’65. Promoted Com. Sergeant. Killed at Atlanta, Ga., July 22, ’64. Corporal; killed at Atlanta, Ga., July 22, ’64. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS 99 Fuller, Lafayette, September 29, ’62. Gant, Jackson, September 11, ’62. Higgins, Jno. T., Aug. 14, ’62. Howell, Brice, Aug. 12, ’62. Howell, Lewis, Aug. 15, ’62. Hoots, Alexander, Aug. 12, ’62. Helm, John S., Aug. IS, ’62. Harper, C. R., Aug. 11, ’62 Hooker, William C., Aug. 15, ’62. Huston, Servantus, Aug. 13, ’62. Hunsley, C. E., Aug. 14, ’62. Henson, J., Aug. 20, ’62. Hanks, Dunham, Aug. 12, ’62. Kemp, Isaac, Aug. 12, ’62. Kemp, Philip, Aug. 15, ’62. Lyons, William, Aug. 12, ’62. Lickliter, G. W., September 29, ’62. Lukens, John, Aug. 14, ’62. Latham, Henry, Aug. 2, ’62. Moore, David, Aug. 20, ’62. Moore, William, Aug. 15, ’62. Mohannah, H., Aug. 11, ’62. Mott, George W., September 11, ’62. Rosa, S. W., Aug. 12, 62. Rhodes, William II., Sept. 18, ’62. Smith, A L., Aug. 12, ’62. Smith, William C-, Aug 21, ’62. Shupp, Samuel, Aug. 26, ’62. Shasted, William E., Aug. 14, ’62. Smith, T. W., Aug. 11, ’62. Startsman, L., Aug. 18, ’62. Secrist, William, Aug. 12, ’62. Smith, John W., September 18, ’62. Schmitz, M., September 13, ’62. Spear, William, Aug. 14, ’62. Troxell, John A., Aug. 14, ’62. Willett, Jas. L., Aug 12, ’62. Williams, L. A., Aug. 17, ’62. Wheeler, Wesley, Aug. 12, ’62. Absent, sick at M. O. of regiment. Died at Memphis, Tenn., October 10, ’63. Detached at M. O. of regiment. M. O. June 7, ’65, as Corporal. M. O. June 7, ’65. Died Jan. 12, ’65; wounds. Died at Memphis, March 30, ’63. M. O. June 7, ’65. M. O. June 7, ’65. M. O. June 7, ’65. M. O. June 7, ’65, as SergeantT - ' Absent, sick, at M. O. of regiment. Died at Memphis May 1, ’63. M. O. June 7, ’65; wounded. M. O. June 7, ’65. M. O. June 7, ’65. M. 0- June 7, ’65. Discharged Feb. 18, ’65, as sergeant; wounds. Discharged March 11, ’63. Discharged December 18, ’62. Died at Young’s Point, Jan. 27, ’63. 1st Sergeant ; absent, sick at muster out of regiment. Died at Y'oung’s Point Feb. 20, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Died at Mound City, 111, Aug. 1, ’63. Discharged September 12, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Discharged March 3, ’65. Transferred to V. R. C. June 15, ’63. M. O. June 7, ’65, as Corporal. Transferred to V. R. C., December 15, ’63. Discharged June 6, ’63. COMPANY “ H.” CAPTAINS. J. L. Dobson, September 30, ’62. Resigned June 13, ’63. John P. Lamb, June 13, ’63. Resigned December 22, ’64. Charles P. Essick, April 20, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. Isom Simmons, April 28, ’63. Killed December 22, ’64. Jas. Goodwin, April 20, ’65. Mustered out June 7, t ’65’ SECOND LIEUTENANTS. The. Short, September 20, ’62. Died Feb. 6, ’63. William W. Winn, June 7. Mustered out June 7, ’65. MUSICIAN. Robinson, Joseph, September 18, ’62. Transferred to Inv. Corps Dec. 17, ’63. PRIVATE. Sollars, Charles, September 10, ’62. RECRUIT. Bacon, George W., Feb. 28, ’64. Transferred to Co. F, 55th Illinois Infantry. COMPANY “i.” CAPTAINS. Lriah P. Forbes, September 30, ’62. Resigned, April 25, ’63. John F. Bishop, April 25, ’63. Resigned March 30, ’64; was 1st lieut. Isaac N. Martin, March 16, ’64. Mustered out June 7, ’65 ; was 1st lieut. FIRST LIEUTENANT, Fred. Schwab, March 13, ’64. Mustered out June 7, '65. SECOND LIEUTENANTS. Irwin Miller, September 30, ’62. Dismissed Jan. 19, ’65. Joshua K. Carr, June 7. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Sheppard, F. M., Aug. 13, ’62. Carr, Joshua K., Aug. 6, ’62. Workheiser, E., Aug. 14, ’62. Phillips, W. H„ Aug. 22, ’62. SERGEANTS. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as private. Mustered out June 7, ’65 as 1st sergt.; com. 2d lieut. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as private. Priv. ; detached at muster out of regt Carter, J. E., Aug. 8, ’62. Martin, George, Aug. 12, ’62. Hammond, J. II., August 14, ’62. Schuh, Peter, Aug. 13, ’62. Kingsberry, Asa, Aug. 8, ’62. Scott, John, Aug. 14, ’62. Mendenhall, G. W., Aug. 8, ’62. Whelan, Henry, Aug. 22, ’62. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as private. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as sergeant. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as private. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Absent, sick at muster.out of regiment, Mustered out June 7, ’65, as private. Mustered out June 7, ’65 ; war pris’r. MUSICIAN. Mustered out June 7, ’65. PRIVATES. Died on hospital boat March 15, ’63. Died on hospital boat March 15, ’63. Art, Joseph, Aug. 12, '62. Barth, Jacob, Aug. 22, ’62. Bratz, Aug. 14, ’62. Bailey, G. C., Aug. 18, ’62. Barnett, Samuel, September 27, ’62. Conaley, M. C., Aug. 13, ’62. Collins, E. R., Aug. 8, ’62. Cline, Henry, Aug. 15, ’62. Cothen, Cors, Aug. 14, ’62. Church, Geo. W., Aug. 11, ’62. Drain, Joseph, Aug. 22, ’62. Enkie, John Q., Aug. 14, ’62. Ebert, Henry, Aug. 14, ’62. Fry, Michael, Aug. 8, ’62. Flaherty, J. J., Aug. 13, ‘62. Folk, Henry, Aug. 16, '62. Flaherty, M„ Aug. 27, ’62. Fulk, John W., Aug. 22, ’62. Fry, John, Aug. 22, ’62. Guthrie, David, Aug. 14, ’62. Guthrie, William S., Aug. 14, ’62. Gehrt, Ferd., Aug. 21, ’62. Garver, Daniel H., September 19, ’62. Gloden, Michael. Goodpasture, J., Aug. 9., ’62. Hammond, T. R., Aug. 9, ’62. Hoff, Michael, Aug. 9, ’62. Harris, Henry, Aug. 22, ’62. Heinold, Andrew, Aug. 12, ’62. Herrindeen, O., September 27, ’62. Jenkins, S. T., Sept. 10, 62. Keller, Mathias, Aug. 9, ’62. Kitchen, J. B., Aug. 12, ’62. Koehler, Ernest, Aug. 12, ’62. Latch, J.,jr., Aug. 8, ’62. Latch, Geo. B., Aug. 8, ’62. Latch, Theo. R., Aug. 8, 62. Morganthall, J., Aug. 8, 62. Martin, John, Aug. 14, ’62. Miller, Alex., Aug. 9, ’62. Miles, Samuel, Aug. 13, ’62. Mang, John, Sept. 26, ’62. Miller, Henry S., Aug. 9, ’62. Morrell, Andrew, Aug. 14, ’62. Mendenha, H. Aug. 20, ’62. Nier, Fred., Aug. 12, ’62. Odle, Wm„ Aug. 12, ’62. Reynolds, S. V., Aug. 13, ’62. Smith, Yah, Aug. 14, ’62. Smoot, M. A., Aug. 14, ’62. Strickland, Jos., Aug. 15, ’62. Shinnaman, II., Aug. 19, ’62. Stumpff, John, Aug 19, 62. Smith, Fred., Aug. 22, ’62. Smith, E., Sept. 13. ’62. Tool, Geo., Aug. 22, ’62. Yogle, Philip A., Aug. 14, ’62. Veail, David, Aug. 13, ’62. Witt, Michael, Aug. 29, ’62. Westerhaver, H., Aug. 8, ’62. Y"ounger, Josiah, Aug. 12, ’62. Younger, J. Q.,Aug. 14, ’62. Young, Wm.i Aug. 12, ’62. Died at Young’s Point, La., Feb. 22, 63. Mustered out June ’7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, 65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as corporal. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as sergt. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Transferred to Co. A, 55th 111. Infantry. Discharged May 5, ’65; disability. Discharged April 8, ’63; disability. Sergeant; absent, sick at muster out of regiment. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as corporal. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Absent, sick at muster out of regiment. Mustered out June 7, ’65 ; was prisoner. Died at Young’s Point, La., Jan. 29, ’63. Transferred to Co. A, 55th 111. Infantry. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Died at Young’s Point, Feb. 9, ’63. Absent, sick at muster out of regiment. Mustered out June 7, ’65 as corporal. Discharged Oct. 9, ’62 ; writ habeas corpus. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as sergeant. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as corporal. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Died at Quincy, 111. March 25, ’65. Died on hospital boat March 13. Discharged Jan. 24, ’63 ; disability. Died at Quincy, 111., Oct. 25, ’63. Discharged March 27, ’63 ; disability. Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., Feb. 19, ’64. Absent sick, at muster out of reg. Killed at Resaca, Ga , May 14, ’64. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Discharged Sept. 2, ’63 ; disability. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Killed at Arkansas Post Jan. 11, ’63. Discharged March 6, ’63 ; disability. Mustered out June 7, '65. Discharged March 11, ’63; disability. Died at Decatur Oct. 8, ’62. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Died on steamer Planet Feb. 18, ’63. Died at Evansville Jan. 10, ’65. Died at St. Louis March 4, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65, ascorp. Trans, to V. R. C., May 1, ’64. Discharged May 22, ’63 ; disability. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Wagoner ; absent, sick at muster out of regiment Corp. ; killed at Vicksburg July 2, ’63. Discharged March 28, 63 ; disability. Corporal ; absent, wounded, at muster out of regiment. RECRUIT. Miller, Wm. H., Aug. 12, ’62. Trans, to Co. A, 55th 111. Inf. COMPANY “ K.” CAPTAINS. John E. Maddox, Sept, 30, ’62. Promoted Lieut. Col. Jas. H. Glore, June 15, ’64. Mustered out June 7, ’65 ; was 1st and 2d lieut. CORPORALS. Vermillion, M., Aug. 14, ’62. Priv.; died Larkinsville, Ala., Feb. 4, ’64. FIRST LIEUTENANTS. John S. Windsor, Sept. 30, ’62. Promoted Captain Co. E. Jos. D. Mackey, June 15, ’64. Mustered out June 7, ’65. 100 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. SECOND LIEUTENANTS. N. W. Wheeler, Sept. 30, ’62. H. G. Eppler, June 7. Killed March 19, '63; siege of Vicks- burg. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Green, G. W., July 17, ’62, McCann, Thos. Dermot, Jas., July 9, ’63. SERGEANTS. Absent, sick at muster out of reg. Died at Milliken’s Bend, La., May, 8, ’63. Discharged March 20, ’64, as private. Shields, John, Aug. 15, ’62. Shoemaker, David, Aug. 8, ’62. Shaw, Henry, July 15, ’62. Smith, C. R-, July 25, ’62. See, William, Aug. 27, ’62. Terri 1, David B., Aug. 9, ’62. Vest, Toliver, July 17, ’62. Wannell, Jas. W-, Aug. 9, ’62. Wallace, David, Aug. 12, ’62. Wood, Jas. W., Aug. 18, ’62. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Discharged April 15, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Discharged April 10, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as corp. Com. in 2d Miss. Colored Inf. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Died at Young’s Point Jan. 31, ’63. Tedroe, Wm. L ., July 26, ’62. Stackhouse, John, Aug. 6, ’62. Purtroff, John, July 29, ’62. Young, J. J. H , July 14, ’62. Harbour, M. V., Aug. 14, ’62. Thompson, Wm , Aug. 14, ’62. Herrin, John, Aug. 14, ’62. Griffin, Wm. T., Aug. 6, 62. McIntyre, Dan , Aug. 15, ’62 - Berickman, B. C., Aug. 19, ’62. CORPORALS. Mustered out June 7, ’65 ; was prisoner. • Mustered out June 7, ’65. Died at Mound City Sept. 7, ’63. Discharged April 11, ’63. Sergeant ; absent, wounded at muster out of regiment. Absent, sick at muster out of reg. Died at Young’s Point May 24, '63. MUSICIANS. Discharged July 3, ’64. WAGONER. Young, Wm., Aug. 6, ’62. Absent, sick at muster out of regiment. PRIVATES. Ater, Geo., Aug. 7, ’62. Ashberry, J. W-, Aug. 24, 62. Brewer, W. J., Aug. 14, ’62. Burt, G. W., Aug. 15, ’62. Baird, C. M , July 25, ’62. Badger, James, July 22, ’62. Brooks, Jasper, Aug. 24. ’62. Brooks, R. K., Aug. 24, ’62. Chafin, Amos, Aug. 15, ’62. Coleman Adam, Aug, 15, ’62. Clarke, Michael, Aug. 28, ’62. Carr, Clark. Aug. 22, ’62. Clay, Wm., Aug. 2, ’62. Collins, Naaman, Aug. 8, ’62. Cook, N. T., July 15, ’62. Clark, Hugh, July 22. ’62. Cox. Jerome, Aug. 8, ’62. Chafin, Joseph, Aug. 25, ’62. Debov, George, Aug. 13, ’62. Devore, Benj., Aug. 9, ’62. Eldridge, B., Aug. 19, ’62. Epler, Hiram. Follis, Levi, Aug. 11. ’62. Follis, Alex., Aug. 11, ’62. Fry, Jesse, Aug. 7, ’62. Gingle, Andrew, Aug. 6, ’62. Hunter, J. S., Aug. 15, ’62. Hix, Richard, Aug. 27, ’62. Hampshire, Wm, Aug. 22, ’62. Herrold, J. A., Aug. 22, ’62. Hegar, or Haaka, II., Aug. 28, ’62. Heck, John, Aug. 2, ’62. Holder, Wm., Aug. 1, ’62. James, Jacob, Aug. 11, ’62. James, Daniel, Aug. 11, ’62. Johnson, J., Aug. 25, ’62. Jones, J., Aug. 2, ’62. Kimberland, J. A., Aug. 15, ’62. Luster, Wm., Aug. 11, ’62. Leigh, G. W., Aug. 2, ’62. Mattox, Maley, Aug. 14, ’62. McGloughlin, M., Aug. 6, ’62. Murphy, Patrick, Aug. 20, ’62. McCantus, Owen, Aug. 22, ’62. Maples, Jacob, Aug. 15, ’62. McCune, Wm., Aug. 22, ’62. O’Neil, John, Aug. 25, ’62. Poindexter, S- II., Aug. 22, ’62. Poyner, S., Aug. 16, ’62. Turkey, David, Aug. 7, ’62. Ryan, James, Aug. 15, ’62. Reed, J. W., Aug. 8, ’62. Reed, T. J., Aug. 22, ’62. Staines, Daniel, Aug. 15, ’62. Trans to Inv. Corps Sept. 1, 63. Corporal ; died at Rome, Ga., Sept. 9, ’64 ; wounds. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Transferred to Invalid Corps Jan. 17, ’64. Died at Young’s Point Feb. 23, ’63. Absent, sick at muster out of regiment. Died at Young’s Point Feb. 3, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as sergeant. Mustered out June 7, ’65, as sergeant. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Discharged July 1, ’63. Died at Atlanta, Ga., July 25, ’64; wounds. Died at Decatur Nov. 18, ’63. Absent, sick at muster out of regiment. Mustered out June, 7, ’65, as sergeant. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Died on hospital boat May 23, ’63. Discharged January 8, ’65. Missing since May 31, ’65; supposed insane. Discharged May 6, ’65, as corporal. ] Died on hospital boat Jan. 31, ’63. Absent, sick at muster out of reg. Transferred to Invalid Corps Sept. 30, ’63. Died at Big Shanty June 23, ’64 ; wounds. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Died at Chattanooga June 14, ’64. Killed near Atlanta, Ga., July 22, ’64. Died at St. Louis July 20, ’63. Died at Decatur Nov. 25, ’62. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Died at Memphis Nov. 26, ’62. Corp.; died at Young’s Point Feb. 1, ’63. Mustered out June 7, ’65. Discharged Dec. 4, ’63. Absent, sick at muster out of reg. Absent, sick at muster out of reg. Discharged Sept. 29, ’63. Absent, sick at muster out of reg. Died at Pana, 111., June 20, ’64. Transferred to Invalid Corps Sept. 1, ’63. Sergeant ; died at Big Shanty, Ga., July 17, ’64 ; wounded. Died at Keokuk, Iowa, Oct. 5, ’63. Died at Young’s Point Feb. 11, ’63. Died at Young’s Point Feb. 7, ’63. Died at Memphis March 21, ’63. Died at Memphis Jan. 31, ’63. RECRUITS. Chappin, E. C., Nov. 3, ’62. Killed at Resaca, Ga., May 14, ’64. Dobson, John. Hines, Wm., Feb. 15, ’64. Richardson, Isaac. Died at Camp Butler March 26, ’64. CHAPTER XIV. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. \ BY REV. W. H. PRESTLEY. REVIOUS to the year 1852, Presbyterianism of the Calvinistic type in Macon county, was represented only by families, in the majority of instances, widely sepa- rated. We find no trace up to that period of any church organization of this type within the limits of the county: though there can be no doubt but that missionaries of the Presbyterian Church had traversed this field, and preached in various localities, in school-houses and in private families. The first church organization in the county was at Decatur, and was effected in the spring of the year 1852; its history being as follows: FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF DECATUR, ILLS. This church was organized in the house of Mr. Samuel Powers, on the first day of May, 1852, by the Rev. Robert H. Lilly, who had been appointed a committee for this purpose by the Presbytery of Palestine, (O. S.), and was received under the care of this pres- bytery, on the fifth day of October of the same year, at its meeting at Lawrenceville, Ills. The members enrolled at the time of the organization were the following : Mr. David Hopkins, Catharine his wife, and Miss Lydia his daughter. Nancy Eager, Mrs. Mary Leiby, Agues McCormick, John Nicholson and Julia his wife, Robert Maffitt and Elizabeth his wife. Of this number Mr. David Hopkins was elected and installed the first Ruling Elder. Under the appointment of the “ Board of Domestic Missions,” the Rev- Augustus F. Pratt minis- tered to this church for the term of one year. As the fruits of his ministrations, seven members were added to the church. He was succeeded by the Rev. David Monfort, who remained in charge of the church until the month of October, 1854. During his ministry, Messrs. D. Frederick and Dr. J. Roberts, were elected, ordained and installed Ruling Elders, March the 12th of that year. In the month of September, the same year, by order of the General As- sembly, this church was transferred from the care of the Presbytery of Palestine, and received under the care of the Presbytery of San- gamon. Under the ministry of Mr. Monfort twenty-four members were added to the church. In the month of November, the same year, Rev. Erastus W. Thayer, by invitation, took oharge of the church, and remained as stated supply till the spring of 1857, the membership under his ministrations being increased by the addi- tion of twenty-two persons. At a congregational meeting, held April 12th, 1857, Rev. P. D. Young was invited to supply the CH R ISTI A N . STAPPS CHA PPL . PR PS BYT E P /A A/ . BAPTIST. Some of the prominent Church Buildings in Decatur III HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 101 church for one year, from the first of May, prox During his minis- try some sixteen members were added to the church. In the month of June, 1858, Rev. T. M. Oviatt was invited as a supply for one year: and in the spring of the year following was unani- mously elected the first regular pastor of this church. In the month of November of this year, Messrs. Thomas Lewis and S. C. Roberts were elected and installed Ruling Eiders. Rev. Oviatt’s ministry continued till the spring of 1864, when the pastoral rela- tion was dissolved by presbytery. The six years during which this pastorate continued were prosperous years with this church, there being added to the membership one hundred and thirty-four persons. In the meantime Messrs. Orlando Powers and S. G. Malone were elected, ordained and installed Ruling Elders. At a meeting of Sangamon Presbytery, held at Centre, Ills., Sept. 29th, 1863, a unanimous call was presented by this church to Rev. D. C. Marquis, a licentiate, to become their pastor. This ■“call” being accepted by him, at a meeting of Presbytery held at Decatur in the month of November following, he was ordained and installed as pastor of the church. This pastoral relation continued till the month of June, 1866. Mr. Marquis tendering his resigna- tion, it was dissolved by the Presbytery. During this pastorate, Messrs. D. C. Brown and Geo. E. Morehouse were elected and installed Ruling Elders, and one hundred and ten members were added to the church. In the month of July, 1867, a call was extended by the church to Rev. Samuel Conn, a licentiate, and on Sabbath, the twenty- first of the same month, he was ordained and installed as pastor. This pastoral relation continued till the month of Sept., 1868, when on account of ill health, Mr. Conn resigned, and Presbytery dissolved the relation. There was an increase during this year of some nineteen persons to the membership of the church. It was during the ministry of Mr. Conn that the Second Church of Deca- tur was organized, when forty-two members of the First Church entered into that organization. Subsequently to the resignation of Mr. Conn, the Rev. John Brown, D. D., supplied the church for several months, when in the month of June, 1869, the congregation extended a call to Mr. J. E. Moffat, a licentiate, to become their pastor; which being accepted by him, he was ordained and installed pastor on Sabbath, the 13th of the same month. Under the ministry of this pastor, sixty-one members were added to the church, and Messrs. T. H. Allin and R. P. Lytle were elected and installed Ruling Elders. This pastoral relation continued some four years, and was dissolved by action of the Presbytery, to take effect June 30th, 1873. Towards the close of this pastorate the First and Second Churches were united, the two Sessions forming the Session of the re-united church. At the meeting of Presbytery held at Mason City, April 15th, 1874, this church presented a call to Rev. Robert Mackenzie to become their pastor, which he accepted, and was duly installed pastor of the church. This pastorate lasted a few months over two years, being dissolved May 17th, 1876. During the ministry of Mr. Mackenzie in this- church, some ninety members were added. The church adopted the term-service eldership, and Mr. Reuben Nims was elected and installed Ruling Elder. At the autumn meeting of Presbytery, held in North Sangamon, Sept. 26th, 1876, this church presented a call to Rev. AV. H. Prestley to become their pastor. This call being accepted by him, he entered on the work of the pastorate the first Sabbath of the following November, and was duly installed the last Sabbath of June, 1877. This pastoral relation, at the present writing, contin- ues, during which there have been one hundred and ten persons added to the membership of the Church. Thus, this Church, which twenty-eight years previously had been organized with ten members and one Ruling Elder, numbers to-day some three hundred members, and a session of six Ruling Elders; viz.: Messrs. R. P. Lytle, J. II. Lewis, Reuben Nims, AV. R. Scruggs, R. C. Crocker and D. II. Heilman ; and full boards of deacons and trustees. In connection with this Church there is a large, influential Sabbath School, supplied with an efficient corps of teachers, and superintended by Mr. AA f . T. AVells. This school, from its own contributions, has, for the last two years, been support- ing a missionary among the Chinese. This Church, at the time of its organization, was destitute of a church edifice, and worshipped first, in the old court-house ; then, in Masonic Hall; afterwards in a new building, belonging to Dr. Roberts, on east Main street; and finally the present church edifice on Prairie street was commenced, and the basement being completed, was occupied as a place of worship by the congregation from the summer of 1856 to that of 1859, when they entered the main audience chamber, and the building was dedicated to the worship of God. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF MAROA. The next organization of a Presbyterian Church in the county, was that of Maroa. This organization was effected by Rev. A. T. Norton, on the thirtieth day of January, 1859, and was taken under the care of the Illinois Presbytery. (N. S.,) in the month of April of that year. Previous to this date occasional religious services were held, according to the mode of worship observed by the Pres- byterians, at the station house of the Illinois Central Railroad, located at that point. In the month of November, 1854, (as we learn from a Manual of this Church, published in the year 1868, and to which we are indebted for much of the data of this article,) Mr. John Crocker, of Jacksonville, Illinois, having been appointed the agent of the Illinois Central Railroad company at this place, moved with his family into the station house, the then only habita- ble house in the neighborhood. Mr. Crocker and his wife, being members of the Presbyterian Church, were not disposed to live in their new home without the ministration of religious ordinances, and it was through their active endeavors that the Church at Maroa was finally organized. The first sermon ever preached at this place was by the Rev. AVilson, an Old School Presbyterian minister, of Clinton, Illinois. He was followed by the Rev. A. T. Norton, a minister of the New School Presbyterian Church. In the year 1857, we find the prospect for the organization of a Pres- byterian Church growing brighter, in that during the summer of this year, Rev. P. D. Young, supply pastor of the first Presbyterian Church of Decatur, had so arranged as to preach at Maroa once in two weeks. During this and the following year there had been a steady growth of the town, and several Presbyterian families had located here and in the immediate vicinity. This was encouraging to those cherishing the hope of organizing a Church. At the begin- ning of the year 1859 this hope was realized ; an organization being effected, Sabbath, January 30, 1858, by the Rev. A. T. Norton, the “ District Secretary of Church Extension and Home Missions for the AVest,” and the young Church taken under the care of the Presbytery of Illinois, (N. S.,) at its session at Carrollton, in the month of April of that year, This was the first New School Pres- byterian Church organized in Macon county, and at the date of its organization consisted of the following members : John Crocker and his wife, Mary Neal, their daughter Abbie, and son Rufus C. ; Mrs. Harriet L. Garver, Mrs. Sophia L. Lyons, Mrs. Sarah Craw- ford, M. F. Howard, Mrs. Maria B. Howard, Mrs. Mary Bassett, Tyler Kittridge, Mrs. Laura Hilt, James McCann, Jr. Mrs. Jane 102 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. McCann, James McCann, Sr., Mrs. Elizabeth McCann, Miss Ellen McCann, Marvin Humphreys, Mrs. Mary Humphreys, W. W. Howard, Mrs. Candace Howard, H. E. Hobert, Mrs. Lydia Hobert, Miss Mary Bassett. Of this number, Messrs. John Crocker and James McCann, Jr., were elected and ordained Ruling Elders on the same day as the organization of the Church. This young organization, for the next five years, had only occa- sional ministrations of word and ordinances, Rev. McMurray, of Cerro Gordo, supplying the pulpit every alternate Sabbath for three months; Rev. Walton, of Pana, every alternate Sabbath for six months ; and following these Rev. Dunn, of Winona, every alternate Sabbath for five months. During the year 1860 the Church was strengthened by the addition of eleven members and the session by the election of Mr. Peleg Kent, who had been previ- ously ordained an elder. For the next three years there was no increase in membership. In the month of April, 1864, Rev. Aratus Kent, of Galena, Illinois, the great pioneer missionary of the north- west, and one of the oldest members of Sangamon Presbytery, visited this Church and supplied them during the year ; preaching every alternate two Sabbaths. The same energy and system characteristic of the labors of this father in the Church at other places, were man- ifested in this field; and it was through his influence, that the Church, up to this time worshipping in the school-house, were led to take the necessary steps to erect a church edifice, though the building was not completed, so as to be occupied, for two years afterwards. The addition to the membershij) this year numbered four persons. In the month of March, 1866, Rev. Joseph Lowrie was engaged to supply the pulpit every alternate Sabbath. At this date the session of the Church was reduced to one Ruling Elder, Mr. John Crocker, Mr. Peleg Kent having died and Mr. James McCann having removed from the bounds of the congregation. At a meet- ing of the congregation held on the third day of March of this year Messrs. John Lyons and Henry Kent were duly elected and installed Ruling Elders. In the month of June following Mr. William McDonald was also elected and installed in the same office. Rev. Lowrie remained with this Church some fifteen months, and during his ministry twenty-five members were added to the Church. Rev- J. A. Hood came as stated supply to this church in July, 1867, and for the first time in its history this Church enjoyed the regular ministratiou of ordinances ; the congregation at this time also occupying their church edifice. In November of the same year, the Sabbath School was organized, and the weekly Prayer Meeting was established. The question of the union of the two branches of the Presbyterian Church, the old and new schools, being now agitated in the various presbyteries and synods of the two churches, this congregation manifested a deej) and prayerful interest in all that was being done to heal the breach between these two bodies, and by their action heartily endorsed the steps taken by the church courts to consummate the union. In the month of February of the next year, (1868), the congre- gation reported a marked revival of religion in the Church, through which some twenty-four persons professed their faith in Christ and were added to the Church. At a meeting of the Presbytery of Illinois, held in this Church, Sept. 16, 1868, a call was presented by this Church to Rev. J. A. Hood to become their pastor. This call was accepted, and on the evening of the same day he was duly installed as pastor. This pastoral relation continued until the first of the year 1875, when the relation was dissolved at the request of Mr. Hood, the Congre- gation reluctantly consenting. To the present time (July, 1880), Mr. Hood has been the only regularly installed pastor of this Church, and during the time of his seven years pastorate, the mem- bership of the Church has been largely increased, one hundred and twenty-seven members having been added to the Church, .fifty- five of these on profession of faith in Christ. The Church edifice was also improved in appearance by the erection of a steeple, and placing therein a fine-toned bell, the gift of Elder John Crock- er, who had since its organization and up to the time of his death taken a very deep and active interest in all that concerned the welfare and the prosperity of this Church. Through his exer- tions, the first public religious service was held in the place ; he was the first to enroll his name among the members who organized the Church ; he was a member of the first session ordained and installed in the Church ; he has contributed largely of his means and personal influence to its welfare and prosperity ; and at his death, (April 6, 1879,) left a bequest of five hundred dollars for the benefit of this organization he loved so well in his life. In the mouth of January, 1871, the Church adopted the plan of “term service eldership,” and Messrs. John Lyons and Anderson Frank- lin were elected and installed as Ruling Elders. Subsequent to the dissolution of the pastoral relation between this Church and Rev. Hood, the pulpit was only occasionally occupied, until in the month of January, 1876, Rev. A. H. Bates came as stated supply, aud continued in this relation to the Church till the first Sabbath of July of the present year, (1880). During his ministration there have been added to the Church fifty-nine members. The session of the Church as now constituted consists of Ruling Elders H. E. Kent, John Lyons, and Anderson Franklin, Mr. Kent being the clerk of session. The Church is free from debt, and reported to the last General Assembly a membership of one hundred and nine persons. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF MACON. The third Presbyterian Church in the county was organized by Rev. D. C. Marquis, at Macon, on the 12th of June, 1865, and was taken under the care of the Presbytery of Sangamon, (O. S.), on the 3d of October of the same year. The organization took place at the school-house in the village, at which time twenty-six persons enrolled their names as members of the Church. Twenty of these were received by letter and six on profession of their faith and examination. Among the former were William W. Johnston and Marcia R. his wife, from Scaffold Prairie, Ind., William Gibson and Lucinda his wife from Cumber- land, Ohio, Mrs. Berthinda Kirkendall and her daughters, Glo- vinia and Rachel, from Corinth, Ohio, Patrick Gibson, Margaret his wife, and Mary A. their daughter, Mrs. Jane Highley from Logan, Ohio, Henry Highley and Mrs. Jane Collins from Buffalo, Ohio, George Gibson and Lucinda his wife from Hebron, Ohio, Mrs. Mary J. Royse from Putuam, Ohio, Mrs. Mary Cook from Little Valley, Pa., William A. Cochran and Julia his wife from Towanda, 111., and Harvey Bray from Iowa. Among those who uni- tedon profession aud examination were William Fish, Mrs. Frances Ruby, Mrs. Maria Hardcastle, Mrs. Catharine M. Conaughey and her daughter Mary, and Phoebe Murphy. Of these members of the Church, Messrs. W. W. Johnston aud William Gibson were elected Ruling Elders. The ordination and installation of these persons seem, from the records, to have been deferred until April thirteenth, 1866, when special services were held in the M. E. church at Macon for this purpose, and these persons were ordained and duly installed in office, and W. W. Johnston was made clerk of Session. The first minister who served this Church was Rev. S. W. Mitchell, whose labors among them began in the spring of 1866 aud contin- Y (yUA^i 'yf ^ 7 ^ b To Date Time WHILE YOU WERE OUT M OF Phone Area Code Number Extension Telephoned Please Call Called to See You Will Call Aqain Wants to See You Urgent Returned Your Call Message- Central Stores #1 1-48-9610 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 103 ued until the summer of the year following. Under his ministry the Church enjoyed a good degree of prosperity; twenty-four persons having been added to the membership of the Church ; and the number of elders being increased by the election and installation of Mr. S. H. Wilson. The congregation 'for want of a church edi- fice of their own were compelled to meet in various public places, and sometimes in the M. E. church in order to worship ; but steps were in the meantime taken to erect a building of their own, which we find them occupying in the autumn of 1867. Rev. Clarke Lowdon, about this time, entered into an arrangement to supply the Church, and remained as supply pastor for two years and some months. During his ministry Messrs. John D. Peter and John C. Baldridge were elected, ordained and installed Ruling Elders. It was about this time (March eighteenth, 1868,) that the Church was subject to very great loss in the destruction of their church building ; which was wrecked during the prevalence of a very severe storm ; but instead of despairing they proceeded to make good their loss, and in a very short time we find them again occupying their own church edifice, though not finished till December, 1876, and dedicated September, 1877. The Church enjoyed a fair degree of prosperity while Rev. Lowdon ministered as their stated supply, some twenty- one members having been added to the Church. In 1871, S. D. Schoolfield was elected and installed Ruling Elder. The first in- stalled pastor of the Church was Rev. J. D. Jenkins ; his installation taking place on the sixth day of December, 1872. This pastoral relation was not of long duration, being dissolved at a meeting of Presbytery, on the ninth of September, to take effect on the first day of December, 1873. During this pastorate ten persons were added to the membership of the Church. Subsequent to the resignation of Rev. Mr. Jenkins, the Church was only occasionally supplied with preaching. From the records we learn that on July seventeenth, 1875, the Church adopted the “ term service eldership.” Messrs. S. D. Schoolfield, S. H. Wilson, J. D. Peter and J. C. Baldridge were elected Ruling Elders — to serve in the order of their names ; the first, one year, and the last, four years. These persons were duly installed in office. From this date till January, 1878, the pulpit was supplied occasionally, when Rev. Thomas, of Normal, engaged to supply the Church for the next two or three months. After the termination of this engagement nothing permanent was done in the way of obtaining either pastor or stated supply until in the spring of the year 1879. Rev. J. W. Cecil took charge of the congregation as the stated sup- ply, and during the year the Church has been blessed with a good degree of prosperity ; there having been added to the Church, under his ministrations, seventeen persons ; the greater number of whom are by profession of faith and examination. That his labors with this Church have been appreciated was manifested at a late meeting of the Presbytery at that place, when a unanimous call was presented to him by the members of the Church to become their pastor. This call he accepted, and he was duly installed pastor on the fourth day of July, of the present year. The Church l’eports a mexnber- sliip of sixty persons. The members of the Session are as follows : Messrs. J. C. Baldridge, J. D. Peter, S. S. Lewis, J. Gibson, W. H. Highly. J. C. Baldridge is the clerk of Session. SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF DECATUR. This Church, (the fourth organization of a Presbytei’ian Church in the county, as to time) was organized in Decatur, Januaiy eighteenth, 1868, by Drs. D. II. Hamilton and W. D. Sanders, in Powers’ Hall, where the Church subsequently continued to worship. This Church was organized in connection with the “ New School General Assembly,” and was composed of forty-two members from the First Presbyterian Church of Decatur, two from the Ninth Presbyterian Church of Chicago, three from the Congregational Church, and two on profession of their faith in Christ. The term service of the eldership was adopted, and Messrs. Hazen Pressey, J. II. Lewis and George E. Morehouse were elected Ruling Elders. Messrs. J. S. Clark and W. M. Barrett were elected Deacons. These persons were regularly inducted into their x-espective offices on the following Sabbath. This church was taken under the care of the Presbytery of Illinois (N. S.) on the sixteenth day of April, 1868, and at the same meeting of the Presbytery presented a call to the Rev. A. L. Brooks to become their pastor. This call was accepted by him, and he was duly installed pastor of the church, Wednesday, May fifth, the same year. This pastorate continued until near the close of the year 1870 — when, in view of the union of the Old and New School Branches of the Presbyterian Church it was concluded that the interests of Presbyterianism would be better conserved in Decatur by the union of the First and Second Churches, and Rev. Brooks resigned the pastox-ate of this church. This union being consum- mated December twenty-eighth, 1870, the sessions of the two churches became the session of the united church. The Second Church under the pastoral care of Rev. A. L. Brooks enjoyed a good degree of prosperity ; there having been added to the membership of this church during his ministry of nearly two years, fifty-six pei’sons. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. BY REV. WM. S. CRISSEY.* At the Illinois Annual Conference, held at Edwardsville, Sept. 18th, 1829, the Rev. W. L. Denneen, a young man of promise and entei-prise, was appointed to the newly- formed Salt Creek Circuit in the Sangamon District, and Rev. Peter Cartwright, P. E. As the pioneer, he soon found the newly-formed neighborhoods ; and in the fall of 1829, in the Stevens’ Creek settlement, he organized the first class in Macon county, at the house of David Owen, near whei-e the brick school-house on the Pulaski road now stands, two miles N. W. of Decatur, as the center of the society ; consisting of Buel, Luther, and Dorus Stevens and their wives, Joseph and James Stevens, David Owen and wife, and John Frazee and wife. During the fall and following year others were added ; as John Miller and family, Isaac and Jonathan Miller and families. In 1830, the Rev. Alonzo Lapham and Margaret Lapham his wife, Doctor William T. Crissey and Margaret his wife, moved from Ed- gar county and joined the society. These were the first two local preachei’S in the county, and the latter the first resident physician. The first Methodist camp-meeting was held in the fall of 1830, about whei'e Esq. George Goodman now lives, and continued for several yeai’s ; thence was moved to what was called Mt. Gilead, near John Wilson’s x-esidence. In the fall of 1831, under Rev. Wilson Pitnex-, the society and regular preaching was transferred from Stevens’ Creek neighborhood to Decatur. So far as is now known, the first sermon by a Methodist preacher in Decatur was in May, 1831, by Rev. W. S. Crissey, who came from Paoli Circuit, Ind., on a visit to his uncle, Dr. William T. Crissey. Dux'ing the conference year of Rev. Mr. Denneen and that of Rev- A. E. Phelps, his successor, a young man of great worth and energy, * I visited Decatur and Stevens’ Creek in May, 1831, preaching at both places ; also in fall of 1831, and once or oftener every year, as the rule, till in 1839 I came to reside in Decatur. I have also consulted the old settlers now living, and documents and other authorities, that statements may be reliable. 104 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. (which included the winter of the deep snow,) all available places were visited, and preaching places and classes established, thus laying the foundation for all future work in the county. The first four years made a part of “ Salt Creek Circuit next five years, a part of “ Athens Circuit,” a village in Sangamon county. In 1838, Rev. David Coulson was appointed to “ Decatur Cir- cuit.” The whole county (and at first other territory) was included under this name, till 1854, when Decatur was made a station, be- ing tw'enty-five years in all. The first Methodist church built in the county was under the ad- ministration of Rev. Moses Clampit, in the fall of 1834, in Decatur, a frame 25x30; it was used several years in an unfinished state, with slabs and benches for seats. The lot was donated by James Renshaw and a bond given, hut the deed was not executed till June 25th, 1839, with the following names as the first board of trustees for M. E. C. in the county, to wit : Buel Stevens, Luther Stevens, James F. Montgomery, William Greenfield, J. M. Fordice, Daniel Stickel, Alonzo Lapham. When the writer came to reside in De- catur, September 20th, 1839, by special effort the church was fin- ished and seated. Prior to the erection of this, the first building for church purposes in Decatur, the old “ Log Court-house ” was used as the place for all preaching. The circuit for many years was very large — three hundred miles around it ; it was gradually curtailed, till in 1842 it was mostly confined to the county, with eight and ten regular appointments, Decatur having every other Sabbath, and Long Creek and some other place the other Sabbath. The other places were all visited during the week. During these years there was a regular growth with the population, till in 1854 Decatur was made a station. “ Sabbath preaching,” instead of the “ week-day, ’’ was gradually introduced, necessitating new divisions, as indicated by the new T names mentioned. Of the several revivals, the one special for Decatur, with its few r hundred population, was during the year of the Rev. W. S. Crissey’s labors — a protracted meeting, beginning February 3d, and continuing six weeks. Some seventy professed conversion, and about the same number were added to the church. A bright star, as the fruit of this meeting, were the families and persons converted of Baptist parentage, who aided all through the meeting ; and, after its close, wisely followed early proclivities in calling to their aid Elder H. W. Dodge, of Springfield, for membership : and in due time the organization of the Baptist Church, thus born in a revival. May it ever so continue Amen. NAMES OF THE PREACHERS FOR THIS WORK FOR 25 YEARS. * 1829, Wm. L. Denneen ; 1830, Asabel E. Phelps ; 1831, Wilson Pitner ; 1832, Levi Springer ; 1833, James H. Dickens ; Emanuel Metcalf; 1834, Moses Clampit; 1835, Moses Clampit and S. P. Burr; 1836, Richard Bird and Moses Wood ; 1837, Levi Springer; 1838, David Coulson ; 1839, Elijah Knox ; 1840, Arthur Brad- shaw ; 1841, Norman Allin; 1842, W. S. Crissey ; 1843, John Mathers; 1844, Michael Shuuk ; 1845-6, Richard Bird; 1847-8, Calvin W. Lewis; 1849, Joel Goodrich the 1st l year, Reuben Andrus, last i of the year ; 1850, Thomas A. Eaton ; 1851-2, James C. Rucker ; 1853, S. T. Sterrett and D. Bardrick. For cdbvenience we will, of necessity, very briefly, allude to the farther progress of the M. E. Church in Decatur. In 1853, under the labors of Rev. J. C. Rucker, a new and commodious brick church was erected, 40 by 60 ft., with a basement story, built under the supervision of E. O. Smith, the contractor, costing lot * Note. — The Conference year dates from September (about the middle of the month) till September of the year following; this must always be kept in mind, to avoid the error of including f of the year with the figures given. and all $10,000. It was dedicated in 1854 by Rev. Jonathan Stamper and Rev. Wilson of Springfield. The first sta- tioned minister was Rev. Reuben Andrus ; he found 84 members, and returned 120 and 20 probationers. There were two special revivals in this Church. The first under Rev. J. Montgomery in the winter of 1855-6. The second, a very marked revival under Rev. Levi Pituer’s first year, in the winter of 1866-7. The Church becoming too small, in the Centennial efforts of 1866, the present edifice was projected and erected in 1868, worshiping at first in the basement, finally finished, costing in all, with the lot, $65,000, and formally dedicated, Sunday, January 14th, 1872, by Rev. T. M. Eddy, D. D., of Baltimore. Outside dimensions 84 by 120 ft., audience room 60 by 87 ft. Lo- cation corner of Water and William streets. Pastors of First M. E. Church in Decatur from 1854 to 1880 — 26 yearn. — 1854, Reuben Andrus; 1855-6, J. Montgomery; 1857, Robt. E. Guthrie ; 1858, Jonathan Stamper ; 1859-60, R. W. Travis; 1861, Jesse A. Moore; 1862-3, Robert Hyner ; 1864-5, Hiram Buck; 1866-7, Levi C. Pitner; 1868, J. I. Davidson; 1869-71, J. H. Noble ; 1872, N. P. Heath ; 1873, W. N. McElroy ; 1874- 5, W. H. Reed; 1876-7, James Leaton ; 1878-9, W. R. Goodwin. Stapp’s Chapel Society was organized Dec., 1866, at the Franklin Street Church, formerly used by the Protestant Methodist Church. The Rev- A. Bradshaw and Rev. A. B. Cochran serving as their pastors till the session of the Annual Conference of 1867, when L. B. Carjienter was their minister. Stapp’s Chapel was erected on corner of Franklin and Eldorado sts., 48 by 90 feet, at a cost of, including lot, $30,000, and dedicated June, 1868, by Rev. H. Buck, D. D. Pastors at Stapp’s Chapel jrom 1867 to 1880. — 1867-9, L. B. Carpenter; 1870-1, H. O. Hoffman; 1872-4, W. Stevenson; 1875- 6, W. D. Best; 1877-8, S. McBurney ; 1878-9, G. W. Miller. Jayne's Chapel Society was organized Oct., 1876, in West Mission Church. The building was removed to W. Main st., and remodeled, costing, with lot, $2000, and dedicated February 25, 1877, by Bishop Thomas Bowman. First pastor, Rev. J. R. Locke. The German M. E. Church of Decatur was organized in the spring of 1856, with the following members, to wit ; I. I. Shobe, C. Muller, George Buhner, Louis Hoffman, Anton Holderback, F. Kochahues, John Ritter, local preacher, and George Simon, class- leader. The Church was built in 1862. Dedicated by Rev. H. F. Ivoeneke. The Sunday-school organized in the summer of 1856. Pastors from 1856 to 1880.— -1856, R. Shobe; 1856-7, F. W. Neid- ermeyer ; 1858-9, C. Holtkamp ; 1860-1, Henry Naumann ; 1862-3, Philip Naumann ; 1864, George Buehner ; 1865-6, John Ritter ; 1867-9, Louis Harmel ; 1870, Jacob Tanner ; 1871, J. H. Hilmes; 1872-3, J. Baumgarten ; 1874-6, George J. Kellar; 1877-9, Wm. Schultz. $850 given this Conference yearly for benevolent purposes ; and during the two years a good brick parsonage has been built at a cost of $1500. For convenience we will here include the Boody German M. E. Church, which was organized in October, 1855, at the house of Wm. Sleeter, by Rev. Philip Ivuhl. It was connected in the same charge with Decatur till 1871. First members were Frederick Neintker and wife, Wm. Sleeter and wife, J. H. Fahrenhorst and wife, A. Jahn, Wm. Heide, Herman Dingworth, H. Muller, Fred- erick Belile, John Pistorious, H. Sothmann, H. Dillbrugge. The Church was built in 1865, and dedicated by Rev. H. Lahrmann. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS . 105 Pastors for Boody Church. — 1871, I. Tanner; 1872-3, Frederick Heinz; 1874, Charles Sehlinger; 1875, Philip Naumann ; 187G-7, Philip Hehner ; 1878, E. R. Ernscher; 1879, E. W. Simon. The following have been the presiding elders, first for Quincy district, and then the Belleville district, to wit : Philip Kuhl, H. F. Koeneke, H. Larhmann, G. Timken, Philip Naumau, John Schlagenhouf, William Koeneke and Charles Iiodenberg. The African 31. E. Church of Decatur was organized in 1863 by El- der F. Myers, with six members, and has increased largely by emigra- tion from the South to its present membership of seventy. The church was erected in 1865, at a cost of $1,000. Sunday-school began in ’66, with Isaac Kogan as the first superintendent. Decatur circuit is now (A. D. 1880) composed of four Sabbath appointments : First, Blue Mound Society ; this was the second class, formed by the Rev. W. L. Denneen, either in the fall of 1829 or early in 1830, at the house of Ben- jamin Wilson, the same location as is now occupied by F. A. Brown, Esq., with the following members : Benjamin Wil- son, Jane Wilson, Jemima Hill, Nancy Hill, Elizabeth Ann Hill, Jemima R. Hill, Hannah Blankinship, Rachel Hill, Eleanor Warnickand Temperance Stanfield. Rev. Henry A. Pasley moved from Kentucky to this county, May 25th, 1834 ; he was the third local preacher in the county, and became superintendent of their Sunday-school soon afterwards. Circuit preaching was at his house for many years. The Blue Mound Chapel was erected in 1863 at a cost of $1,848, and dedicated by Rev. H. Buck, D. D. The trustees were Robert A. Pasley, John Myers, F. A. Brown, J. W. Burke, C E. Conard, F. A. Bowdle, and F. Neintker. Second. Long Creek Society was in all probability the third class formed in the county, about 1830 or 1831. Jacob Myers and wife were among the first members : either then or soon afterwards were Israel Flora and wife, James Wallace and family, Philip Turpin and wife; and in 1837, John Stickel, Sen. and family. Their church was built under the labors of C. W. Lewis, their pastor, in 1848, dedicated by Rev. J. S. Barger. It was burned on the night before Thanksgiving, 1863. The present church was built in 1865, and dedicated by Rev. H. Buck, D. D. Third. Mount Gilead Society was formed in 1836 or ’37. Preaching was for many years in the log school-house, near the residence of John Wilson. Members: Robert Montgomery, Sr. and family, Benjamin Wilson and wife, John Wilson and wife, with others then and soon afterwards. Their church, like “ Long Creek,” was erected under the administration of Rev. C. W. Lewis, in 1848, and removed from Gilead to Elwin in 1874, under the labors of Rev. T. D. M. Weems, pastor. Fourth. Mt. Zion, or as at first called, “Sulphur Spring Society,” is mentioned in the records of the quarterly conference, for the first time, Saturday, January 3d, 1857, as a separate appointment, its membership before in Mt. Gilead Society. This was under the labors of Rev. R. C. Norton and S. S. Russel. Increased prosperity led to the erection of their church in 1865, under the labors of Rev. W. Johnson, and dedicated his second year, September, 1866, by Rev. Peter Wallace. Removed from Sulphur Springs to Mt. Zion in 1874, under the labors of their pastor, Rev. T. D. M. Weems. Pastors of Decatur Circuit from September, 1854 , to September 15/A, 1880 — 26 years. — 1854, Alexander Semple ; 1855, C. W. Munsell ; 1856, R. C. Norton and S. S. Russel ; 1857, R. C. Norton and J. F. Everly ; 1858, Preston Wood and W. C. Lacy; 1859, James Shaw and T. C. Lapham ; 1860, A. Bradshaw and W. C. Lacy ; 1861, A. Bradshaw ; 1862-’63, J. A. Dimmitt ; 1864, J. Montgom- ery ; 1865-66, W. E. Johnson ; 1867-’69, J. R. Locke and R. W. Travis, (sup’y) ; 1870— ’7 1, Ira Emmerson ; 1872, J. H. Kabrick ; 1873-’75, T. D. Weems; 1876, P. L Turner; 1877, J. A. Dim- mitt; 1878-79, A. C. Armentrout. Maroa circuit formed from the N. E. part of Decatur Circuit in 1858 ; Rev. J. F. Everly their first preacher. Maroa Society or- ganized first in Bell Prairie, in 1857, under Rev. R. C. Norton, and moved to Maroa in 1860. Services were held in the school- house till 1867, when the present church was erected at a cost of $2,000, under the labors of the Rev. H. Tryon ; dedicated by Rev. R. W. Travis, P. E. John Orr, Joseph Jones, Sr., Joseph Jones, Jr., J. C Beatty and B. F. Ives were the trustees ; Edward Jones their first Sunday-school superintendent. Pastors from 1858 to September 1880 — 22 years. — 1858, J. F. Everly; 1859, C. G. Bradshaw; 1860, W. B. Anderson; 1861, S. S. Megiunis ; 1862, G. H. Adams ; 1863, W. H. Smith and T. S. Johnson ; 1864, T. S. Johnson ; 1865, M. A. Rice ; 1866, H. S. Tryon ; 1867, N. S. Buckner; 1868, A. Semple ; 1869-70, J. Pel- latt ; 1871, S. H. Whitlock ; 1872, J. W. Crane; 1873-74, T. D. N. Simmons; 1875-77, T. Hines; 1878-79, W. R. Howard. Summit , first as a class of Stevens’ Creek Society, and then for several years as a separate preaching place till moved to Harris- town, appears on the quarterly conference record for the first time, December 12th, 1857, as having $45 apportioned as its amount to raise for the support of their preachers, Revs. R C. Norton and S. S. Russel. The first members were D. S. Allen, D. Masters, Luther Tolbert, A. C. Willard, W. C. Bullard, and their families. The Harristown circuit was organized in 1863, from the west part of Decatur county, north of the river. The appointments on the Quarterly Record were: Harristown, Stevens’ Creek, Niantic, Illiopolis and Morgan’s ; Rev. John Staples their first preacher. The church was erected in 1863, at a cost of $1,600 ; dedicated by Rev. Robert Hyner, of Decatur; Sunday-school organized the first Sabbath in August, 1863 ; David Masters, superintendent. Sharon Chapel is now (1880) the only other appointment in the circuit ; under the name of Stevens’ Creek, it was the first class formed in the county, but changed to Decatur. In 1848, under the labors of the Rev. J. C. Rucker, it was re-organized as the fruit of a special revived. Building at first a small church, now a very commodious chapel. First board trustees Glenn Church, S. W. Cox, Ira A. Stockton, Peter Troutman and Jacob Kaylor. Pastors.- — John Staples, 1863-4 ; William T. Bennett, 1865 ; J. R. Locke, 1866 ; J. C. Dayley, 1867-8 ; R. Gregg, 1869-71 ; J. B. Colwell, 1872-74; D. E. May, 1875-77; W. Murphy, 1878; E. B. Randle, 1878. Macon Society was organized in 1860, with eight members ; Rev. S. S. Russel, pastor ; soon building a good church and parsonage. Other appointments are included in the circuit. From 1860 to 1865 Macon was included in the Moawequa charge. Pastors. — Peter Wallace, 1865-6 ; A. Semple, 1867 ; I. Barber, 1868; Leonard Smith, 1869-70; J. Villars, 1871-72: P. C. Car- roll, 1873-74; J. H. Dimmitt, 1875; J. B. Colwell, 1876-78; D. E. May, 1879. The Blue Mound charge consist of, (1st). Blue Mound Society, organized in the winter of 1871, by the Rev. J. W. Warfield, with Joshua Barrick, class leader; Jane Barrick, Samuel Henchie, Hannah Bergie, J. K. Hardy, Maria Hardy, Emily Davis, M. Ramsburg, Mary Thompson, A. J. Bowen, Lucretia Bowen, E. B. I Eicholtz, L. E. Eicholtz, as members. The church was built in 1877 ; 106 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. dedicated by Rev. H. Buck, D. D. ; the Sunday-school organized in 1877, J. W. Warfield, superintendent. (2d). Of Bethel Society, two miles north of Blue Mound ; or- ganized in 1870 by Rev. J. W. Warfield ; the first members, Wm. White, class-leader ; Annie White, A. C. Stevens, Steward Mit- chell, Smith Steward, Sarah Smith, Samuel Terry, Elizabeth Terry, M. V. Robins, Emily Robins, John Robins, Nancy Robins, Sarah Black, Harriet Wilson, R. Demery, Mary Demery, W. L. Nichols Mary Nichols, Thomas Gabriel, Jane Gabriel, George Demery, R. Payne, E. E. Lemon, E. Lemon. The church was built in 1870, at a cost of $2,500, and dedicated by Rev. Peter Wallace ; the Sunday-school organized in 1870, W. L. Nichols, superintendent. Rev. G. D. Furber served as pastor, 1876, 1877 and 1878 — three years; Rev. J. K. Crawford in 1879. Warrensburg Society organized by Rev. T. J. N. Simmons, March 7, 1874, with twenty-seven members; their church, built at a cost of $3,000, dedicated by Bishop Thomas Bowman, July 19, 1874, with P. F. Lehman, John A. Conely, Alonzo Disbrow, Josiah P. Sibthorp, Thomas Sterret, Jacob Major, D. N. Dunlap, William Ritchie and Z. Boughn, as trustees. The Sunday-school organized in the spring of 1874, J. Conely, superintendent. Forsyth Society which was before in the Maroa charge, but is now a part of the Warrensburg work, has a respectable member- ship and a church building. Oakley has a small class, first organized in 1858, by Rev. J. F. Everly, and is still hoping for a brighter future history. Wesley Chapel Society, on Friends’ Creek, was organized by Rev. C. W. Lewis, in June, 1849; first members, Hiram Warner, class-leader; Archibald Lowry, Sarah Lowry, Mary Corn, Josiah W. Kyle, Mary Kyle; Sunday-school organized by their pastor, C. W. Lewis, with Archibald Lowry, superintendent; church built in the fall of 1859; cost $1,430; dedicated by Rev. Jonathan Stamper; trustees, James Rhineheart, O. L. Stewart, Samuel Miles, J. W. Kizer, O'mer Osborn. GENERAL SUMMARY OF STATISTICS. O ” o 9 > & £. £ £ : cr* 5 w - — cz t-. £ § V- — z, T o u v a 6 gg Decatur 1st Church Decatur Stapp’s Chapel... Decatur Jayne's Chapel... Decatur Circuit Maroa Circuit Harristown Circuit Macon .Circuit Blue Mound Circuit Warrensburg Circuit Oakley Wesley Chapel Decatur, German Boody, German M. E. C... Decatur African M. E. C.. $55,000 . 30,000 2500 1 . 7200 2000 . 3000 2200 3700 . 5000 $2500 2500 1000 800 1430 1500 1 1500 1 loon 1500 1000 432 190 41 . 287, 144 105., 280, 118 . 140 18 . 80. 72 85 70 . 28 19 $116,330 385 200 65 300 200 80 323 150 140 14 14 16 80 45 85 50 $10,300 2061 113 23 293 2103 19 Churches, 25 preaching places, 13 pastors and 13 local preachers. There have been raised in the county, during the preceding ten years, for the support of the Gospel ; for salary of pastors, presid- ing Elders, Bishops, superannuate and necessitous, $95,615.00. For Missions, $8159. General objects, as Bible, tract, Sunday-schools, education, church extension, freedmen, &c., $5880. Total, $109,654. Presiding Elders having oversight of the work in Macon county and other territory from Sept. 18, 1829, to Sej)t. 15, 1880 — 51 years. Sangamon District Peter Cartwright 1829-31 Sangamon District Simon Peter 1832-33 Chicago District 1834 Sangamon District 1835 Sangamon District .... 1836 38 Bloomington District Springfield District .... 1840 43 Bloomington District .... 1844-46 Bloomington District .... 1847 50 Bloomington District .... 1851-52 Bloomington District .... 1853-54 Bloomington District .... 1855-57 Decatur District .... 1858-60 Decatur District 1861-64 Decatur District .... 1865-67 Decatur District H. Buck 1868 Decatur District 1869 Decatur District C. P. Baldwin .... 1870 71 Decatur District .... 1872-75 Decatur District .... 1876 79 CHRISTIAN CHURCH. BY N. S. HAYNES. When the American heroes of 1776 were about to declare the colonies free and independent states, they said that a decent regard for the opinions of mankind should lead them to give the reasons for such a step. So an enlightened public sentiment is demanding of every religious body the reasons for its existence. If it is not doing a work that is essentially peculiar and distinctive — and necessary for the good of human kind as well — then common sense dictates that such a religious body should cease to exist ; for, why multiply agencies for the accomplishment of a certain end when such a multiplication oidy defeats the purpose by weakening the means employed? If, therefore, this body of Christians cannot answer well at the bar of enlightened public sentiment and honest reason, it ought to die. What then are its positions, principles and purposes ? While this church holds much truth in common with others, yet it has its distinctive features that give it its right to live. With others it holds the divine inspiration of the Holy Scriptures; the revelation of God’s will and character in them; the Divinity and Christhood of Jesus ; forgiveness of sins through his atonement ; faith in the Christ and obedience to his authority as the necessary human agencies in the formation of Christian char- acter; the resurrection of the dead; and the doctrine of future retribution. The peculiar features of this church are these: — that while believing the Old Testament is the word of God and neces- sary in order to a right understanding of the New, yet the Old is not our rule in life, because it was never given, as such, to us Gentiles, and because it has been supplanted by the New Testa- ment; that the Scriptures are all-sufficient to make the man of God perfect, and hence the rejection of all human creeds as schismatical and sinful; that in religious teaching we hold the “form of sound words,” rejecting all unscriptural terms, as Trinity, et id omne genus, and all unbiblical names; hence, the nickname “Campbell- ite” is unauthorized and offensive; that conversion is not the mysterious and direct impact of the Holy Spirit on the sinner’s soul, but his turning from sin to the Saviour, the proof of conversion being a Christian life ; and that an inquirer after salvation must always be answered, according to his condition, in the exact words of the inspired oracles for such cases made and provided : that the ordinances, Baptism and the Lord’s Supper, must be observed as given by the Christ and his apostles without change ; that all of God’s people should be united in “ one body,” as in the primi- tive and apostolic church, in order that they may the more effi- HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 107 eiently do their Master’s work and turn the world in faith to Him. “ Where the Bible speaks we speak, and where the Bible is silent we are silent,” is a cardinal maxim. To go back to “ the begin- ning” of the church, to make our teaching and practice, in all matters essential, coincide with that of the inspired apostles, is the aim of this religious body. This, our plea, has made wonderful progress in the past fifty years. From a very feeble folk we have grown to 500,000 in the United States, besides large and flourish- ing churches in Australia and New Zealand. Our missionaries are at work in Jamaica, England, Denmark, Norway, France and Turkey. As many were added to this church in the United States as to the Methodist Episcopal church in the same territory in the year 1879. The influence of this divine plea has reached all classes of society, and this denominatiou has two members in the United States Senate and twelve in the House of Representatives, besides other names with a national reputation. It publishes fif- teen papers and periodicals and a large number of tracts and books. Its members have under their control thirty-eight schools of all classes, one-half of which are academies, colleges and univer- sities of a good grade. The history of this church in Macon county is as follows: — DECATUR CHRISTIAN CHURCH. The writer has never been able to find the old records of this society, but these facts have been gathered with care from authen- tic sources. With two exceptions this is the oldest religious body in Macon county. It was organized in the fall of the year 1834 by Joseph Hostetler, a minister of the gospel, and the first of this denomination to preach in this county. He was a man of great faith and energy, and earnestly devoted to the cause of truth. A biography of this man of God may be seen in a book entitled “The Pioneer Preachers of Indiana.” He conveyed, by deed, to the church that he organized here two acres of land where our court-house now stands. The charter members were the following : — Thomas Cowan and wife, Warren G. Strickland and wife, Stephen Shepperd and wife, Harry Snyder and wife, Charlotte Turpin and Elizabeth Howell. These have all passed from earth. Among the first added to the infant church were Dr. J. G. Spear and wife, Henry Wheeler and Elizabeth Cantrell, a former wife of William Cantrell, one of our old remaining landmarks. The first name of this or- ganization was “ Christian Baptist Church,” but it soon afterward as- sumed a name more in harmony with its aims and ends. This church was constituted in the old court-house that then stood on the spot of ground now occupied by The Herald office. The year following its formation it built a house for public worship. That it was a substantial building is evident from the fact that it still remains. It was made of logs, puncheons and clapboards, and is now, as at the first, located on the north-east corner of Wood and Water streets, and is owned and used by Samuel Powers as a stable for horses. For twenty-one years did that old style house do splendid service for the Lord’s people. There Joseph Hostetler, J. W. Tyler, H. Bowles, G. A. Patterson and others made “the old Jerusalem gospel” ring out in stentorian tones from as earnest and loyal hearts as ever throbbed. There Aunt Judy Oglesby — of blessed memory — Mrs. J. W. Tyler, Sr., and scores of others, publicly confessed the Saviour and began to follow him. Those were the days of primitive simplicity. But as the years went railroads came. Decatur, awakened out of her long sleep, shook herself and began to grow. Hence, in 1855 the old house was abandoned for a brick, which as compared with the old, was both commodious and elegant. It stood on the north-east corner of North-Main and North streets. At the end of twenty years it had Chambers, E. C. Weekley, S. B. Lindsley. J. Hall and A. P. Cobb, become old, dingy, uninviting and out of style; hence it was removed, and the present neat and comfortable building took its place. The property is valued at $10,000. The following are the names of the preachers that have ministered to this congregation and the order in which they came : — Joseph Hostetler, J. W. Tyler, B. W. Henry, Robert Foster, J. P. Lancaster, James Fan- ning, G. W. Patterson, W. P. Bowles, William Morrow, II. Bowles, Tobias Grider, A. J. Kane, W. B. Happy, William Ebert, Dr. John Hughes, W. C. Dawson, P. D. Vermillion, Ira Mitchell, Lucius Ames, A. D. Northcutt, and N. S. Haynes. The annals of the struggles and labors of many of these, though perished from the memory of man, are written in the book of life. There have sprung from this church the Antioch, and a section of the Harris- town congregations. In the forty-six years of its life hundreds have removed and found religious homes elsewhere. In June, 1855, E. McNabb, very soon after his settling here, organized the first Sunday-school under the direction of this church in the county, with sixty attendants. The present membership is about two hundred. It pays $75 per year for current expenses and $10 or more for missions. The present membership of the church is two hundred and sixty, which includes the regulars and the irregu- lars. Current expenses are $1,000, with $100 for missions and systematic benevolences. Three preachers, the pastor excepted, hold membership here, namely, Dr. L. A. Engle, P. W. Hum- phrey, and E. C. Weekley. These have all done good service for the Master. The lady members have a missionary society that is doing a good work. The official board now consists of the pastor, N. S. Haynes ; Elders, W. E. Nelson, M. Glove, E. McNabb, and J. W. Rogers ; Deacons, B. O. McReynolds, R. L. Evans, Jesse Leforgee, J. T. Gates, and P. F. Bell. The great need of this con- gregation now is a scriptural and business-like administration of its affairs. LONG POINT CHRISTIAN CHURCH. This congregation, two miles south of Niantic, was organized November 21st, 1850, by John Powell, an Evangelist, with fourteen members, seven of whom are still living. Its first officers were, Nathan G. Averett, Elder, and James Sanders, Deacon. Its reg- ular preachers have been W. A. Mallory, A. J. Kane, William Springer, John Hughes, A. D. Northcutt, Prof. B. J. Radford, Dr. L. A. Engle and John L. England, the last of whom is the present minister, and has been serving this church regularly for twelve years. About four hundred persons have been connected with this church since its formation. Its present membership in full fel- lowship is sixty-nine. The house of worship was built in 1856, and cost $800, but is now in bad condition. There is no Sunday-school connected with. this congregation, and never has been; all the other churches of this faith have schools. Current church expenses are an unknown quantity. The present officers are Thomas Lawton, as Elder, and A. C. Hawks, as Deacon. The man who has exerted a wide influence for good in this congregation, and to whom it is, perhaps, more indebted than any other, is James Dingman. He is one of the most substantial and actively reliable men of the com- munity or county. ANTIOCH CHRISTIAN CHURCH. This congregation is located five miles east of Decatur on the line of the I. D. & S. Ry. It was organized in October, 1859, by Elder J. W. Tyler, with twenty-six members. The officers chosen were, James C. Rucker and J. W. Tyler for Elders, and Daniel Harmon and Theodore Tyler for Deacons. The following named preachers have served this church: J. W. Tyler, John Sconse, G. B. 108 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. the present preacher. The organization was made in a public school-house, but in the following year the present house was built at a cost of $1000, which is its present value. A Sunday-school was begun about the same time with near fifty attendants, which continues, except in the bad weather of winter, with about the same number. This church and Sunday-school have lost heavily for a country place by deaths and removals. The membership of the church is now fifty, with current expenses of $200. One hundred and twenty persons have belonged here. This little church has the honor of giving to our time two of its most useful ministers, name- ly, B. B. Tyler, pastor Fourth and Walnut street Christian church, Louisville, Ky., and J. Z Tyler, pastor of the Seventh street Christian church, Richmond, Ya. OREANA CHRISTIAN CHURCH. This church was organized at Zion school-house, three miles north-east of the village of Oreana, in 1860, by Dr. J. W, Thayer and J. S. Clough, Elders. The charter members were sixteen in number, as follows : William Boyer, Lydia Boyer, A. A. Hooker, Emily J. Hooker, James Munns, Pansey Munns, Elvira Seamon, Benson Green, Sarah Green, James Allen, William Bowman, C'astila Duvall, John Myers, Lovina Myers, Caleb Jones, and Elizabeth Jones. These persons had previously held ’membership in a church at Newburg, which had disbanded through removals. The officers chosen were, for Elders, William Boyer and William Bowman; for Deacon, John Myers. The congregation continued to worship at the school-house until 1874, when it built the house of worship in the village of Oreana which it now occupies, moving into it November 29th, of that year. The following preachers have preached for this church: Dr. J. B. Millison for eight years; Joseph Cain in 1869; William Bowman from 1870-3; E. C. Weekley 1874-5; G. W. Thompson in 1876; and J. W. Tyler, the present preacher, began his work there in February, 1878. A Sunday- school was organized in April, 1875, with fifty-two attendants. It continues its work steadily with an attendance now of sixty-five, paying its current expenses, which are $15. J. J. McCarrihan is the superintendent. The whole number connected with this church since it was established is one hundred and twenty-five. The pres- ent membership is eighty. Its current expenses are $225, besides $11 for missions, which is a good indication. The value of the church property is $1500. Sixty families attend worship here. The offi- cers are, Elders, William Boyer, J. J. McCarrihan, and Andrew Moothart; Deacons, Benjamin Spencer and Paul Noble. This church has a large number of substantial men and women, and its future is full of hope. HARRISTOWN CHRISTIAN CHURCH. On March 15th, 1861, W. A. Mallory, a minister, organized the following named persons into the above-named church, viz. : Geo. Campbell, J. C. Hamilton, Martha D. Eginan, Isaac Egman, Joseph D. McGuire, A. G. Herrell, A. J. Miller, Lewis J. Egman, J. H. Pickrell, Nancy C. Anderson, A. C. Willard, R. M. Hamilton, Nancy H. Hobbs, Samuel H. Anderson, Reuben Mallory, J. M. Egman, Catherine McGuire, Ellenor F. Averett, Jacob Hobbs, and John F. Averett. One part of these had previously met for public worship at a school-house, two miles north of where Harristown now stands, and the other part at a point three miles south-east of the same village. Lewis J. Egman and Reuben Mallory were chosen elders, and Jos. D. McGuire and Jos. C. Hamilton deacons of the new church. The following have been its pastors : W- A. Mal- lory, one year ; A. J. Kane, three years ; N. S. Bastian, one year; W. T. Maupin began in May, 1867, and served five years ; J. G. Waggoner, began in June, 1872, and served five and a half years; and G. M. Goode, the present minister, whose services began in January, 1878. These were all prudent and faithful men, highly esteemed and greatly beloved by their people ; and the church has had a continuous and healthy growth under their very efficient labors. Revivals, or rather protracted meetings, in this church have been conducted by these preachers : J. H. Hughes in 1861, B. B. Tyler in September, 1862, at which meeting sixty-six persons were added to the church in fourteen days, also at a ten-days’ meet- ing held by him in the same month of the next year thirty were ; added ; C. F. Short in November, 1865 ; W. R. Jewell in November; 1866; A. D. Northcutt in October, 1871, twenty-four were added ; and by D. P. Henderson in November 1876. The first house of public worship occupied by this congregation was removed from a point three miles south-east of the village, and its value was about $300. The building now in use was completed and first occupied in the spring of 1865. The property is valued at $4,000. In 1872 a neat and convenient parsonage was bought at a cost of $2,000. The Sunday-school of this church was begun at the same date as the formation of the church in 1861, and has continued in uninterrupted efforts, except during two or three winters, until the present. It began with thirty per- sons, and now numbers one hundred. It officers are W. D. Cham- berlain, superintendent, and Miss A. W. Pickrell, secretary and treasurer. It contributes to missions in the way of work in the surrounding neighborhood and of sending money away from home, besides paying $65 as its own current expense. The whole numbei of persons having held membership in this church from its organi- zation to date is five hundred and sixty. Many members have re- moved, but they are aiding in the upbuilding of the cause in other communities both near and far, while a goodly company have ceased from their labor and entered into their rest. The present member- ship is one hundred and sixty-four, representing eighty families, to all of which, and even more, this church ministers in righteous- ness, love, and hope. For the current year it is paying for home work $1,200, for missions $120, exclusive of private contributions, which aggregate a handsome sum. The lady members carry on a missionary society among themselves, which is auxiliary to a foreign society. The present officers are the pastor, G. M. Goode ; elders, J. G. Willard, J. M. Egman, and J. H. Pickrell; deacons, Joseph D. McGuire, I. F. Peck, R. T. Cann, T. J. Scroggins, and John D. McGuire. The management of this church has always been scrip- tural, wise, and just ; hence it has enjoyed a vigorous growth and exerted a wide influence for good. To-day, counting among her membership many of the leading families of the community, it is a tower of strength and a potent factor for good. MAROA CHRISTIAN CHURCH. The society here was formed May 4th, 1862, by A. N. Page, a minister, at the residence of Dr. J. W. Thayer, with twenty-four members, as follows: J. S. Clough, Samuel Potter, Hannah Potter, Oliver J Harlin, A. J. Metlin, J. A. C. Rose, Helen Rose, A. J. Taudy, Sarah J. Taudy, John W. Thayer, Catherine M. Thayer, Miss M. J. Williams, Elizabeth Armstrong, A. D. Wysong, M. M. Thomas, Emily Thomas, Thomas Hedger, Jane Hedger, Mary J. Hedger, Miss Harriet Hedger, Miss Annie E. Williams, and B. W. Campbell. Nearly all of these previously held their membership in the Texas church in De Witt county. J. S. Clough and M. M. Thomas were chosen elders, and O. J. Harlin and Samuel Potter deacons. Meetings were conducted by the members at their differ- ent residences on Lord’s-days and Wednesday evenings for a year. In 1863 J. W. Tyler was engaged to preach for the young church one-fourth of the time. About this time meetings began to be held HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 109 in the public school-house. The following named preachers have ministered to this congregation : John L. Wilson in 1864, G. B. Chambers in 1865, J. W. Tyler in 1866, T. W. Dunkerson in 1867, George Owens in 1868-9, J. Q. A. Houston in 1870, who died at his place of duty in September of that year ; J. V. Beckman began his pastorate in May, 1871, and continued (with some interruptions) for five years, during which time many were added to the congre- gation ; E. J. Hart in 1877, L. M. Robinson in 1878, and J. V. Beckman, although not living here, is now preaching for the church one Lord’s-day in each month. Profitable and successful meetings have been held by Charles Roe, H. W. Everest, President of Eureka College, and G. W. Sweeny. In May, 1868, the first steps were taken toward building a house of worship The house was raised and enclosed, but not finished, in which condition it was used for two years ; it was then plastered, seated, and painted, but not completed, and still remains unfinished. Its value is $3,000, with an indebtedness of $900. A Sunday-school was organized in 1868, with fifty attendants. It has continued without cessation to the present time, paying its own expenses, which for the current year are $45. The number having been connected with this church since its formation is about four hundred and forty ; the present membership is two hundred, but having been without a pastor for some time the condition of many is indifferent. It is estimated that one hundred and fifty families are directly benefited by the ministra - tionsof this Church when it has a settled pastor. Its expense for the current year is only $350, with nothing for missions. The officers are Samuel Potter, Tyler Conover, M. M. Thomas, and J. M. Lyons, elders; Dr. L. Tozer, William Potter, Samuel Hamilton, and B. W. Campbell, deacons. The opportunities of this church are great, and by the exercise of a liberal spirit on the part of every individual member, the services of an efficient and earnest pastor could readily be obtained. CENTER RIDGE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. This congregation meets for public worship in the south-west part of Maroa township. It was organized by Drs. L. A. Engle and J. B. Millison, the third Lord’s day in December, 1867, with nineteen members, whose names were these : Jordan Simpson, Peter W. Wykoff, J. M. Shockey, J. D. Ross, Sarah A. Ross, Nancy E. Ross, A. F. Ross, J. M. Ross, Charlotte M. Wykoff, Augusta D. Shockey, Clarissa Simpson, J. W. Simpson, Darius Jones, Nancy E. Jones, Elizabeth Blackerby, Louisa Shockey, W. W. Shockey, Elizabeth Shockey, and Sallie Shockey. P. W. Wykoff and Jordan Simpson were chosen Elders, and J. M. Shockey and J. D. Ross Deacons. Notwithstanding this society was small in its beginning, of limited means, and without ministerial help or care for a good part of its life, yet it has held steadily on its way. Dr. L. A. Engle preached for it two years, John L. Wilson two years, and G. W. Ross, one of the products of this church, and its present minister, three years. The meetings were from the first, and are yet, held in a public school-house. In 1875 a Sunday-school of thirty-five persons was formed, which continues its work with fifty attendants now; current expenses, thirteen dollars. Sixty-seven persons now hold member- ship in this church, while the attendants upon its ministrations represent twenty-eight families. Its expenses for the current year are one hundred and fifty dollars. The present officers are P. W. Wykoff and J. D. Ross Elders, and Jesse Fisher and J. M. Shockey Deacons. This congregation is situated in one of the best farming districts in the county or state, and lias a useful and prosperous future. NIANTIC CHRISTIAN CHURCH. This congregation is an offshoot of the Long Point Church. At the beginning there were one hundred members, all swarming from the old hive. This occurred in March, 1868, and the officers of the new church were T. A. Pritchett Elder, and George Wree and Griffin Chamberlain Deacons. The present house of worship was completed and occupied in May of that year, and is valued at $4000. The following ministers have served here ; Prof. B. J. Radford, (now Professor of Greek in Eureka College) one year ; Dr. L. A. Engle three years ; J. W. Ballinger, beginning his labors in March, 1874, continued for five years — until the time of his death, which occurred May twenty-fifth, 1879. He was a good man and a faithful preacher, and Palling in the prime of life, his loss was deeply felt and sincerely mourned not only by the Niantic Church, but by a large circle of true friends as well. He rests from his toils, and his memory is blessed. The present pastor, A. C. Foster, took charge of the congregation in September, 1879. Successful pro- tracted meetings have been held here by Dr. L. A. Engle, who at one time added forty to the church ; D. R. Lucas, G. M. Goode, H. R. Trickett and the present pastor. The Sunday-school was begun with the church in 1868 with thirty-five attendants. It has con- tinued without intermission, and now numbers one hundred, and pays twenty-five dollars per year for its own charges, and ten dollars or more for missions. Three hundred and fifty persons have been connected with this church, but many have removed and some have died, so that the number now is one hundred and seventy. The amount paid this .year for home work is five hundred and fifty dol- lars, with forty dollars for missions. The present officers are A. C. Foster, Pastor ; T. A. Pritchett, George Wree, J. W. Pritchett and Elias Ford, Elders; H. Jacobson, C. A. Hall, P. T. Chamberlain, F. H. Kiger, William Seelig and John Stahl, Deacons. This is the only church in the village, and the people very generally attend its services. Its strength is undeveloped, and its usefulness lacks a great deal of being at the maximum. Its opportunities are many and its responsibilities are great. BLUE MOUND CHRISTIAN CHURCH. This church was constituted by Elder A. D. Northcutt, January 4th, 1874. Thirty persons entered into the organization, nearly all of whom had previously held membership in a congregation three miles west, in Christian county, at what was once called Randal- ville. The officers chosen were John Deatley, Abel Farnsworth and J. C. Rose for elders; and James Wilcox and John Seelig for dea- cons. A. D. Northcutt has preached for this church most of the time since its formation, and is still in charge, except one year, during which J. W. Ballinger ministered to it. George F. Adams, an evangelist, held a successful revival meeting here in September, 1875, at which time more than sixty persons were added to the church. There was also a profitable meeting conducted by C. T. Cartwright in February, 1877. The church property was pur- chased of a gentleman who was compelled to take it for a debt due him by its former possessors. The price paid him was $2,000, but the first cost of the house was $3,300 ; it was built one and a-half miles south of the village, but after its sale was removed to the present location. There had been a Union Sunday-school in pro- gress in the town for several years up to 1876, when a school exclu- sively under the control of this church was begun with fifty persons. It now has an attendance of one hundred, and pays for its Sicilies this year $50; Oscar Fuller is superintendent. About one hundred and twenty jiersons have belonged to this church, one hundred of whom still have membership here ; these represent forty-five fami- lies, while some sixty families are helped by the church’s ministra- tions. The value of church property is $2,500, and is free from debt. Expenses for home work this year are $300. The present 110 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS . officers are : Elders, Oscar Fuller and Dr. W. S Roger ; Deacons, J. E. Wilcox, J. C. Rose, William Ellis and J. W. Ford. This church greatly needs pastoral care and more persistent and prayer- ful endeavor in the Lord’s work. It has a large field for usefulness. Among those who have contributed much to the prosperity of this church in the county, honorable mention should be made of Judge John Rucker and his son, James C. Rucker, both deceased; also of Father Tyler, who has stood in the line of battle almost from the first. He came to Macon county in 1835 : he was at that time a Baptist pure and straight, but in the spring of the next year he united with the Christian Church, and has been unflinching in his fidelity ever since. There are nine churches of this denomination in the county, with a seating capacity of 2,650, valued at $28,400 ; the number of mem- bers 1,165, with a Sunday-school attendance of 765. The aggregate paid by church and schools for home and mission work this year is $4,580. THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH. TBY REV. W. H. MOORE. The American branch of the holy catholic church, known in law as the “Protestant Episcopal,” has a parochial organization in Decatur, a chapel in East Decatur, and a mission station at Maroa. St. John’s church, in Decatur, situated on North Water street > near Eldorado, was organized September 10th, 1855. The Rev- Stephen R Child, a priest of the diocese of Illinois, was the first pastor, forming the parish and continuing its rector until his death in November of the same year. Of the original members there remain but five: Mr. and Mrs. Cyril Fuller, Mr. and Mrs. C. H. Fuller, and Miss Emily Luttrell. The venerable Cyril Fuller still remains the senior warden of the parish, to which he was elected at the organization. The Rev. Wm. L . Bostwick succeeded to the rectorship in 1857. During his administration the parish, which had occupied a rented hall, took steps for building a church edifice. The church was completed and occupied in 1858; it was conse- crated in 1860 by the Rt. Rev. Henry J. Whitehouse, D.D. LL.D , Bishop of Illinois. The same building, much enlarged and im- proved, is yet used by the parish as its place of worship. Mr. Bostwick was succeeded by the Rev. E. P. Wright in 1859, and he in turn by the Rev. Wm. Steel, the present rector of Cen- tralia. During the Rev. Dr. Tatten’s incumbency, from 1863 to 1866, a parish school was successfully conducted in the school-house next south of the church building. The Rev. Mr. Pulford and the Rev. Philip McKim held successively short pastorates. The Rev. W. W. D. Wolf becam erector in 1872. His name is yet a house- hold word among the people whom he loved, and who honored him as he deserved. His successful work was ended by his death in the summer of 1875. It is to be hoped that an enduring memorial of this faithful and well-beloved priest will be placed in the church to perpetuate the memory of his noble life. Mr. D. Wolf was succeeded by the Rev. Stephen H. Granberry in 1877. He resigned in the following year, and the vacancy was filled February, 1879, by the Rev. Walter H. Moore, the present incumbent. The present officers are: Cyril Fuller, senior warden; Wm. J. Quinlan, junior warden ; J. F. Triest, treasurer ; George Moeller, secretary, and L. Burrows, H. H. Bishop, L. L. Ferris, J. B. Dinges, Charles L. Carnean and L. L. Burrows, vestrymen. The house adjoining the church on the north is the .property of the parish, and is occupied by the rector. In December, 1879, the parish purchased the property in the east part of the town known as the “Rolling Mill Chapel.” It was remodelled and furnished, and opened as the “ House of Prayer.” Its officers are: H. M. Palen and Thomas Casley, wardens; A. E. Waughop, treasurer. The rector of St. John’s church acts as the pastor of the chapel for the present. At Maroa services are maintained by the rector of Decatur, who visits the town every month. There is no formal organization as yet. Until 1877 the Church in Illinois was organized as one dio- cese, the bishop residing in Chicago. Under such a distant super- vision, the Church in central and southern Illinois suffered for lack of personal oversight and administration. In 1877, however, the state was divided into three dioceses. Macon county is included in the “ Diocese of Springfield,” the bishop being the Rt. Rev. George F. Seymour, D.D. LL.D. The rapid growth of the Church in the new diocese in the last three years is at once a justification of the division of the state and a hopeful promise of future strength. CHURCH OF GOD. BY REV- I. S. RICHMOND. According to the most authentic history the first Church of God in the United States was organized near the city of Harrisburg, Pa., toward the close of the year 1829, by Rev. John Winebrenner. Mr. Winebrenner was a man of sterling integrity, thoroughly edu-. cated, and defended primitive truth with ceaseless vigilance. The origin of the Church of God is strikingly exhibited in Mr. Wine- brenner's own language. Her illustrious and adorable founder is the Lord Jesus Christ. He bought her with His blood (Acts xx., xxviii). He founded her on the rock. He first commenced her gathering ; He continued her establishment by the ministry of the Apostles, and hy the dispensations of the Spirit. There must be a deeper work of grace in the heart than the simple conforming to external things. The institutions of the Church are three: Burial with Christ by baptism once backwards in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit; The washing of the saints’ feet as taught in the 13th chapter of John, and the Lord’s Supper. The Church of God accepts nothing as a rule of faith and practice but the New Testament. So far as the title “ Church of God ” is concerned, it is the only diviuely inspired title recognized in the New Testament, The first Church in Macon county, 111., was organized at Boiling Spring, three miles north-west of Decatur. In the absence of a church building the Church was organized in the dwelling of father Joseph Rife, January seventeenth (17) 1852. Elders Thomas • Hickernell and George Sandoe, two zealous missionaries, effected this organization. The number of members when organized reached 75. The first elders were Jacob Shrull and Joseph Rife, Sr. When the proper time arrived the brotherhood conceived the idea of erecting a chapel for the worship of God, that resulted in the building of the bethel now occupying the site adjoining the residence of Mr. Joseph Rife, Sr. The present numerical strength is 80. The Church is now under the Pastorate of Elder S. D. C. Jackson, a minister of more than ordinary ability. In late years the Church erected a parsonage in the neighborhood of the church building. Total valuation of church property $2500 (twenty-five hundred). DECATUR. The Church of God was organized in the City of Decatur, May 1st, 1857, by Rev. A. J. Fenton, who continued pastor until April 1st, 1858. During the year 1858, the Church erected a building for divine worship. It was dedicated by Rev. John Winebrenner HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Ill on the 17th of October the same year. The house was re-papered in the year 1866 by A. B. Bender, at a cost of one hundred and forty dollars. The present membership does not exceed one hun- dred, with quite a flourishing Sabbath-school under the control of Mr. Wm. Stare. The present spiritual and financial condition of the Church is good ; peace and harmony prevail. There are no debts hanging on the Church in any way whatever. The present pastor is Rev. I. S. Richmond. The church building is very pleasantly located on the corner of Water and Cerro Gordo streets. Fairview. — The Fairview Chapel is located nine miles north of Decatur and two miles west of the village of Forsythe. The country is charming. The Church was organized March 14th> 1871, by Elder M. S. Newcomer. The original number of mem- bers amounted to sixty-five. The whole number admitted to the communion of this Church was 162. Many, however, have moved away, others have died, leaving the number at the present time 60. Its present pastor is Rev. D. S. Weigel, who was one of the original members. The Sabbath-school is quite an auxiliary to the Church. The average attendance about 75. The superintendent is its present pastor, D. S. Weigel. Valuation of Church property $ 2 , 000 . Belle Prairie. — The Church was organized in November, 1871, by Rev. M. S. Newcomer. The original number of members con- sisted of 12. There is no house of worship at this place; the con- gregation worship in a school-house. Pleasant Grove, two miles east of Oreana. There is a small organization here. Rev. D. S. Weigel is its present pastor. The Church worship in a Union Meeting House. Rev. J. Schock, a minister of the Illinois Eldership, lives near by. The Church was organized by Rev. Gregory. Warrensburgh. — The Church at this place was organized by Rev. I. E. Boyer, in the month of May, 1875. The original number of members was 8. The Church worship in a chapel belonging to Mr. S. Richey. The chapel is valued at one thousand dollars. The Church at this time numbers over one hundred members. The Sabbath-school of 120 scholars are under the efficient control of Mrs. Richey. The present pastor is Rev. S. D. C. Jackson. Centre Bethel. — There is a flourishing organization at this point. But the statistics not an-iving in time I am unable to give them to the public. UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. BY A. H. CHITTENDEN. The first service held in this county by a United Brethren preacher was some five miles south-east of Decatur, in the spring of 1848, at the residence of Rev. M. T. Chew, by Rev. James Parks, which resulted in the organization of the first United Brethren class in Macon county in the same year. Decatur. — Through the labors and instrumentality of Rev. M. Ambrose in«1856, a society of the above-named church was organ- ized in the old Masonic Hall. The members at the time of the organization were the seven following : S. B. McClelland, J. E. McClelland, Rachel McClelland, S. W. Hamsher, Sarah Hamsher, Jacob Bohn, and Mary Bohn. In 1857 the society succeeded in erecting a good substantial brick church on the corner of Cerro Gordo and North Main streets at a cost of $3,500, which they con- tinued to occupy till 1873, when the church purchased two lots on the corner of Broadway and El Dorado streets at a cost of $2,350, and erected a new and commodious house of worship at a cost of $5,000.00. The present membership is 122. A good and success- ful Sabbath- school of 100 scholars, with the requisite number of officers and teachers. Church sittings 400. Probable value of Church property $7,000.00. Pleasant Hill. — This society is located five miles north-east of Decatur. Was organized by Rev. James Parks in the year 1850. In the year 1865 they built a neat though small brick house of worship, at a cost of $1,400.00. Was dedicated by Bishop J. Weaver, D. D. Church sittings 300. Present number of mem- bers 104. A good Sabbath-school numbering 100. Union. — Was organized March 25th, 1866, by Rev. J. Blake. This society worships in a Union Church house, which is free to all, built by the people of the neighborhood in which it is located. Dedicated by Bishop J. Dickson, D. D., of the U. B. Church. There is a good Union Sabbath-school at this place quite largely attended. Present membership 43. Fairview Chapel. — Rev. A. Wimsett, December 8, 1868, organ- ized this society. They worshiped in a school-house till 1871, when they erected a neat substantial frame house, costing them $1,700 ; it was dedicated by Bishop D. Edwards, D. D. This house has a sitting capacity of 350. Present number of members 22' Good Sabbath-school with an attendance of 60. Cherry Grove . — This society was organized by Rev. J. Herbert, Jan. 15, 1867. This Church is located on the line between Macon and Piatt counties. The house is a substantial brick, with sittings for 400, costing $1,500. Present membership 23. Sabbath-school with 30 attendants. Newburgh. — The first U. B. Church in Friends’ Creek township of Macon county, was at Newburgh, and was organized by the Rev. J. Murphey, in November, 1852. At its organization there were but five members. Present membership 33. A good church house worth t $900. A flourishing Sabbath-school with an atten- dance of 95, including officers and teachers. Blue Mound. — The first organization of this Church in Blue Mound, for some reason unknown to us, after accomplishing much good, was dissolved. The present organization was formed in 1874 by Rev. J. Corley with a membership of 17. They erected a house of worship in 1875, and it was dedicated the same year by Bishop J. Dickson, D. D. Church sittings 300. Probable value of Church property $1,500. A splendid Sabbath-school, with the large attendance of 100. Wheatland. — This society is located at Elwin, 6 miles south of Decatur, was organized by Rev. S. P. Hoy, in the year 1866. There is here a large commodious brick house and lot worth $2,000. A fine Sabbath-school with an attendance of 50. Church sittings 400. Present membership 26. Oalc Ridge — was organized by Rev. M. G. Chew, Jan., 1879, with a membership of 17. Present number of members 30. A Sabbath-school conducted much to the credit of the neighborhood, numbering 40. Casner Chapel. — This Church is located at Casner station on the I. D. & S. R. R. east of Decatur. Was organized Feb. 18, 1877, by Rev. J. H. Crowder, with a membership of 31. Present mem- bership 38. Since the time of their organization they have erected a splendid Church house worth $1,600. They have a good, successful Sabbath-school with about 50 in attendance. Church sittings 400. Union Hall. — This society was organized in the fall of 1867, by Rev. 7 El well, with six members. In 1870 this society was transferred to the Lower Wabash Annual Conference ; was trans- * 112 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. fered back to the Central Illinois Annual Conference in 1878. Present membership 24. Mt. Pleasant. — Located eight miles north of Warrensburgh, was organized by Rev. L. D. Ambrose in 18(58, with about 30 members. Present membership 45. A good frame church valued at 81,000. A Sabbath-school in successful operation with an attendance of 40. Church sittings 300. Center Chapel. — This society is located 5 miles north-west of Niantic ; was organized bv Rev. P. Flack, in 1873. Membership when first organized 6. Present number of members 18. In 1874 hey erected a frame chur ch house at a cost of 81,500, it was dedi- cated by Rev. A. L. Best. Their Sabbath-school here is well attended. THE CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. MT. ZION CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. In an old-fashioned log school-house, situated at that time some four miles in a south-westerly direction from Decatur, the Rev. John Berry preached the first sermon ever delivered to this denomina- tion in Macon county. On the 24th day of April, 1830, at the residence of Rev. David Foster, the Mt. Zion Cumberland Presby- terian Church was organized, and the following persons constituted the charter members : Andrew Wilson, Mary A. Wilson, Alexander W. Wilson, Nancy Wilson, Catharine Wilson, Robert Foster, Mar- garet Foster, David Foster, Anna Foster, Wm. C. Foster, Isabel Foster, Nancy Allen Foster, Allen Travis, Peggy Travis, Janies D. Campbell, Lovina Campbell, Andrew Davidson, Asseneth R. Davidson, William D. Baker, Marilla Baker, John Davidson, Rhoda Davidson, Rebecca Travis, David Davis, Polly M. Davis, John Smith, Peggy Smith, Elizabeth Bell, Alexander Bell, Nancy Jane Bell, Eleanor Davidson, Robert Smith, Nancy Smith, Samuel Davidson, Elizabeth Davidson, Nancy Davidson. The pastors of this church in the order of their succession have been, Revs. David Foster, founder of the church, Neil Johnson, Dan- iel Traugliber, Samuel Ashton. John D. Cowan, J. T. A. Henderson, John C. Smith, R. T. Marlow, R. T. Lester, R. G. Carden, N. M. Baker and P. H. Crider. The first pastor, Rev. David Foster, organized at Mt. Zion, the first Sunday-school of Macon county. This was in the year 1831. The first superintendent of the school was James Scott. The pres- ent membership of the church is about one hundred and eighty-five, and the Sunday-school eighty. NORTH FORK CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. Was Organized in April, 1855, at the Emmerson school-house, Rev. John C- Smith being the founder. At the time of organization the number of members was fifty-four, forty-eight of whom had been connected with the Mt. Zion church. The several pastors in suc- cession have been, Revs. Daniel Traughber, John C. Smith, Joseph R. Lawrence, G. W. Kinsoloing, W. P. Baker, M. Dillow, W. L. Bankson and N. M. Baker. The first Sunday-school in that neigh- borhood was organized by Miss Charlotte Emmerson, sister of Judge Emmerson deceased, the latter being superintendent .and teacher. This occurred in the year 1840, in a small building situated in her father’s yard. BETHLEHEM CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. This church was organized by the Rev. John C. Smith in 1850. It originally numbered fifty-one members, part of whom had formerly belonged to the Mt. Zion and Mt. Carmel churches. The successive pastors of this church have been, Revs. John C. Smith, Abner Lansden, James Pantier, N. M. Baker, W. Pinckney Baker, Ryan, Thomas Montgomery, J. T. A. Henderson, Robert G. Gardner, J. R. Lawrence, T. G. Stansberry and W. L. Bankson. The present membership is about one hundred and five, and that of the Sunday-school connected with the church about seventy. MADISON CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. This church, too, was instituted by the Rev. John C. Smith, the original members having formerly belonged to the Bethlehem and Mt. Carmel Churches. We have been unable to obtain the names of the pastors or the number of members. There are churches of this faith near Argenta, in Friends’ Creek township; at Prairie Hall, in Mt. Zion township, and at Shady Grove, in Wheatland township, but of these we have failed to find the necessary data for historical sketches. THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. St. Patrick's Catholic Church. — The first Catholic service ever held in Decatur was conducted by Rev- Father Pendergast, in July, 1853, at the residence of Mrs. Marvin, on west Main street. At the close of that service, Mary Phalin was baptized, she being the first child baptized in the Catholic Church at Decatur. Father Pendergast continued his labors as rector of the Catholic organization in Deca- tur one year. In 1854 Rev. Father Cussack was sent to Decatur, and remained rector of the church five years. Services were held in the court-house and at private residences till 1857, when Father Cussack raised money enough to erect a frame church on West Prairie street. This building was afterwards moved to east North street, and is now occupied for parochial school pur- poses. In 1859 Rev- Father Voght was sent to be rector of the church, and remained in charge till 1870. The corner-stone of the present large handsome brick edifice was laid March seventeenth (St. Pat. rick’s Day), 1863, and was occupied for worship the following win- ter. Father Walsh succeeded Father Voght in 1870, and reniained rector till 1873, when Rev. Father Hickey became rector, and con- tinued till November, 1876. Rev. Father Joseph Macken succeed- ed Father Hickey in 1876, and is still rector. St. Patrick’s Catholic Church has established two flourishing parochial schools in this city, viz : the St. Theresa Academy for girls, and a separate school for boys, both of which are well attended. The former, a three-story brick building situated on El Dorado street, was founded in 1875, and at present is under the supervision of Mother Superior Theresa assisted by a faculty of seven Sisters. The curriculum of studies includes all the English branches found in a collegiate course, the German language, and vocal and instrumental music. The attend- ance last year (1879) was 180, which would have been much larger had boarding pupils been received. The boys’ school, situated on North street, just east of St. Patrick’s Church, had an enrollment last year (1879) of 120 pupils. St. Patrick’s Church has about two thousand communicants. The value of the church property, in- cluding the schools, Ac., is $30,000. St. James' Roman Catholic Church. — In 1877 Rev. Father Joseph Spaeth founded the St. James’ Catholic Church of Decatur, and officiated as rector till July, 1879. He was succeeded by Rev. Father Lammert, who is still rector. The church is a commodious frame building, situated in the south-east part of the city. It has a HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 113 seating capacity for about two hundred persons, and a membership of seventy-five families. The building and grounds are valued at $4000. The church maintains a parochial school for boys and girls which, at present, is conducted in a part of the church building. The course of study embraces all the ordinary English branches, and a thorough training in the German language. The school had eighty pupils in attendance last year (1879.) On a lot adjacent to the church is situated St. Mary’s Hospital, which is under the con- trol of the church. Sister Rosa is Superior of the hospital, and is assisted by five other Sisters of the order of St. Francis. Patients are received from all ranks of society, and the Sisters, when re- quested, visit the sick and suffering in all parts of the city. The value of the hospital and grounds is $3000. It will be regularly incorporated the coming year. St. Stanislaus Roman Catholic Church. — This church was instituted at Macon in the year 1866. Rev. Anthony Voght was the pioneer and first pastor from 1866 to 1873. He was succeeded by the Rev. G. Schreiber, from 1873 to 1874. The Rev. Mauasses Kane suc- ceeded him from 1874 to 1875. Rev. Edward McGowan, the present pastor, succeeded Rev. Kane in the year 1875. The present church building, a handsome brick structure, was erected at a cost of eight thousand dollars, in the year 1868. The present number of communicants are about three hundred. THE BAPTIST CHURCH. Decatur. — The Baptist Church of Decatur was organized by Rev. H. W. Dodge, in the house of Capt. D. L. Allen, Sept. 14th, 1843. The original members, who had formerly belonged to the Springfield Baptist Church, were as follows : David L. Allen, Julia E. Allen, Thomas H. Read, Elizabeth Read, David Brett, Margaret Brett, Henry Riggs, Malinda Riggs, Lemuel Allen, Robert Allen, Margaret Pratt and S. C. Allen. The congregation worshiped at various places in Decatur, till 1857, when a church edifice was erected on the north-east corner of Water and Williams streets, and was dedicated December 27th, of the same year. In 1873, the church built a commodious brick chapel, on North street between Franklin and Water streets, and the same was dedicated April 4th, 1874. The successive pastors, from the organization of the Church to the present time, have been, Revs. H. W. Dodge, Moses Lemon, B. Carpenter, C. H. Gates, N. Alvord, J. N. Tolman, B. F. Thomas, S. G. Miner, F. M. Ellis, F. G. Thearle, S. F. Holt, J. C. Bonham, W. G. Inman, and the present incumbent, AV. H. Batson. The church, which at present numbers 171 members, is in a flourishing condition. The Sabbath-school in connection with the church has a membership of over two hundred. The church pro- perty is valued at about $5,000. Oreana Baptist Church. — This church, situated at the town of Oreana, eight miles north-east of Decatur, was organized under the name of the Friendship Baptist Church, March 20th, 1858, and was recognized as a regularly constituted Baptist Church, on the 23d day of the same month, Rev. J. N. Tolman, of Decatur, preaching the sermon on that occasion, and Rev. Charles Tinker, of Anawan, delivering the charge to the church. The names of the charter members were J. R. Bower, Olivia S. Bower, Martha A. Bower, W. D. Bower, Sarah J. Bower, Davis AV. Pulliam, Margaret Pulliam, Richard C. Pulliam, Maria C. Pulliam, Eliza Rutherford, Edward H. Rider and Eliza J. Rider. The first five converts were J. M. Bower, H. C. Bower, G. M. Bower, Joseph Pulliam and Sarah Pulliam. During the first year the church received fourteen additions by letter and baptism. The first pastor of the church was Rev. Jacob Bower, familiarly known throughout the state as “ Father ’ ’ Bower, who spent more than sixty years in the Christian ministry, accomplishing much good, and died happy in the faith at the advanced age of 87 years. For some time the church had regular services, only once a month, except as Revs. Maddock, Eli, and other traveling ministers occasionally filled the pulpit. In June, 1859, Rev. J. Z. Zimmer- man was called to the pastorate and preached every fourth Sab- bath. In December, 1860, Rev. David AVinslow took charge of the church, preaching every alternate Sabbath, till February, 1862. In March, 1862, Mr. A\ r . H. AValters was ordained, and in May became pastor of the church, preaching only twice a month. In the winter of 1863, the church made an effort to build a house of worship, but failed to raise the requisite amount. Another effort was made in 1865, with a similar result. In June, 1866, Rev. E. M. Brown became pastor, and remained in charge about a year, after which the church was for some time without a pastor. In November, 1867, Rev. J. M. AVells was called and took charge of the church. Under his ministrations, assisted by others, twenty- six additions were made to the church by letter and baptism. He continued pastor about three years. In December, 1870, Rev. D. McArthur was called to the pastorate, and remained a year and a half. After this the church was again without a regular pastor till January, 1872, when Rev. F. AV. Jugmire took charge, preaching only once a month the first year, and afterwards every two weeks. In 1874, by the untiring efforts of a few of the members assisted by other ardent friends of the cause, sufficient money was raised to build the long-needed and much desired house of worship. The building was commenced in August, 1874, and having been com- pleted at a cost, including seating, &c., of $2050, it was (free of debt) dedicated on the 15th of the following November, Rev. Justice Bulkley, D.D., of Shurtleff College, preaching the dedica- tory discourse. About this time Rev. F. AV. Jugmire resigned the pastorate ; but the church kept up the regular weekly meetings and organized a flourishing Sabbath-school, which greatly prospered during the next three years. In March, 1875, Rev. R. R. Coon, Sr., became pastor of the church, and was one of the most faithful and devoted ministers it had ever had. The village of Oreana having been established in 1875, the name of the church, to conform to that of the town, was changed from Friendship Baptist Church to Oreana Baptist Church. In May, 1879, R AV. C. Roach was chosen pastor, and still oc- cupies the pulpit every alternate Sabbath. Under his ministrations the church is increasing in strength, and is much encouraged. The building is in good condition ; the church lots are set with beautiful maple trees, and with the neat edifice, present to the visitor the idea of a high state of intellectual and Christian refine- ment. There have been in all, upwards of three hundred names en- rolled on the church register, but there have never been more than fifty active members at any one time since the founding of the church. Only two of the original members of the church now remain, and these were not among the charter members, but were received into membership at the first meetings of the church. The present membership is forty-five. The Rolling Mill Chapel * — AA r as erected by the Baptist Church in 1871, at a cost of $2500. It has a Sabbath-school of 150 members. * Smith’s History of Macon County. 114 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Antioch, African .— This was organized in the year 1858, with 14 members. House of worship on South Main street, near Brambles’ Grove. There is also a new church of this denomination at Oreana. Salem Church ( Separate Baptist ). — This church is located five miles south-west of Decatur. It was organized in 1846, with the following members: John Burke, Micajah Burke, L. B. Ward, Elizabeth Ward, Coleman Brown, Elizabeth Brown, Ephraim Cox, Nancy Cox and Amos Walker. The successive pastors have been Robert Henson, J. W. Vaughan, John Turner, F. S. Randolph, S. B. N. Vaughan, and others. The membership at present numbers about 40. It has a Sunday-school of about 40 members. The cemetery at this church, perhaps the oldest in the country, was commenced in the year 1829 or 1830. A Mr. Mangrin and wife were the first buried there. UNIVERSALIST CHURCH. The Universalist Church of Decatur, which is the only one of this denomination in the county, was organized in 1854, by the Rev. D. P. Bunn, with the following members : Joseph Spangler, Sr., Joseph Spangler, Jr., Jacob Spangler, J. B. Hanks and wife, John Rickets and wife, and John Capps and wife. The meetings were held in private houses, Rev. D. P. Bunn officiating, till 1854, when a brick church was erected on Prairie street and occupied by the society. In 1876 the building was remodeled by raising its walls, making a commodious audience room above, and offices and business rooms below. The auditorium is well seated ; the walls are frescoed, and the whole presents a very attractive appearance. The church was re- dedicated in June, 1876, and has since continued its regular Sun- day services. In 1854 a Sabbath-school was organized in connection with the church, and has continued without interruption to the present time, when it has a membership of seventy. The several pastors since 1854, in the order of their succession, have been : Revs. D. P. Bunn, (founder of the church and pastor for fourteen years,) S. S. Hebbard, S. F. Gibb, and M. W. Tabor. Rev. S. S. Hebbard was recalled to the pastorate, and remained in charge till 1879. The present value of the church property is 810,000. TOWNSHIP AND CITY OF DECATUR. capital of Macon county was named in honor of jphen Decatur, so famous in the naval annals of r country, a native of Maryland, born in 1779. jphen Decatur was educated in the schools of Phila- delphia and at Pennsylvania University. His love of the sea dated from a voyage made with his father in his ninety- second year. He was with Commodore Barry, on board the “ United States,” during a cruise through the West Indies against French privateers. He was made lieutenant for brilliant services and bravery. He was soon commissioned first lieutenant under Captain Bainbridge on the “Essex,” one of the squadron in the Me- diterranean, to protect American commerce from the Tripolitan and Algerine pirates, and to punish them for outrages committed. He came home in 1802 with his ship, but soon returned to the squadron, this time on the “ New York.” Remaining but a short time, he assumed command of the “Argus,” and sailed for Gibraltar, where he was put in charge of the schooner “ Enter- prise,” with which, in October, 1803, he captured the “ Mostico,” with seventy prisoners. His most brilliant exploit, and one of the most daring recorded in history, was his capture of the “ Philadel- phia,” a U. S. man-of-war, in the harbor of Tripoli. He drove the Tripolitans that manned her into the sea and set her on fire, and brought off his men safely. His subsequent services were very dis- tinguished, but space does not allow their mention. It is sufficient to say that he rose to the highest commands. Resolutions and medals were voted to him by the national and state legislatures, and he was everywhere proclaimed the champion of the American navy. His services in the war of 1812, and afterward with Algiers and Tripoli, were brilliant, and he returned home to meet, as he had met before, with an enthusiastic reception from the people and to be appointed Commissioner of the Navy. On the 22d of March t 1820, this gallant, noble-hearted gentleman fell mortally wounded in a duel with Commodore Barron, at Bladensburg. Like Hamil" ton, “ he yielded to the force of an imperious custom,” and “ in the fulness of his fame, in the prime of his usefulness, descended to the tomb.” The land on which the original town of Decatur was laid out, was entered by Parmenas Smallwood, Easton Whitten and Charles Prentice, for which, at the time, they had not yet received a patent from the government. The commissioners appointed to select a site for the seat of justice were John Fleming, Jesse Rhodes and Easton Whitten. Mr. Whitten received ten dollars for his ser- vices, and the other members seven dollars and fifty cents each. Benjamin R. Austin, the county surveyor, laid off the town in accordance with instructions, “ after the form of Shelbyville,” and for his services was allowed the sum of twenty-four dollars. On the 20th day of June, 1829, Messrs. Smallwood, Whitten and Prentice entered into bond with the county commissioners, stipulat- ing that, after they received their patent, they would convey to the commissioners a gift deed for the twenty acres of land on which the town had been located. The survey was acknowledged on July 7th, 1829, and at the same term of court the following order was made by the commis- sioners : “ Ordered, That a sale of lots take place in the town of Decatur, in this county, on the 10th day of July next, on the following terms, to-wit : a credit of twelve months will be given, and note with approved security will be required, and that the clerk of this court is required to advertise the sale in the paper printed in Van- dalia until the day of sale.” At the next term of court we find that D. McCall was allowed $500 “ for money paid to R. Blackwell, for warrants and advertis- ing the sale of lots in the town of Decatur.” At the sale on the 10th day of July, the first lot sold was No. 2, in block 3, where Priest’s Hotel now stands, which being a “ corner lot,” was bid in by John Manly for $53.50. The second lot was lot 6, in block 1, which was bid in for $12.00- The first house erected in town -was by James Renshaw — “ Uncle Jimmy Renshaw ” he was called — on lot 3, block 3, just north of Priest’s Hotel. The second house erected was by Philip D. Wil- liams, on lot 4, block 1. “ Philip ” kept a livery stable in those early days — or rather a place for the “ entertainment of beasts.” There was a very large log lying in north Water street, nearly op- posite the entrance to the present court room. Upon this log boxes had been nailed or trenches cut in which the horses were fed. There was also a log lying in front of Renshaw's house, which we omitted to mention was a tavern — the first in Decatur — upon this log, in early days, card-playing was carried on. It was the card- table, and rather consjncuous, we should say. Whether any for- tunes were lost and won, we are unable to say ; but, judging from the court records, and the number of entries of “ indictments for gaming,” entered thereon, it appears that gaming was a very com- mon pastime, and the number of “convictions” would indicate that there was also “ playing for money,” and the names of the parties charged, would further indicate that the “ heads of town ” were accessories, if not principals, in the enchanting games. — Smith’s History- Ax, the time Decatur was laid off, one cabin stood on the twenty acres composing the town site ; but several more had been erected as early as 1824 and ’25, on land included within the present limits of the city. The first store in Decatur stood on the site of the Priest House, and was kept by James Renshaw, who came from Shelbyville, and who has descendants in the county. The second merchant was Isaac C. Pugh, prominent in the history of the county and state, who came from Yandalia. These stores were es- tablished in 1829, and the goods were carted from St. Louis. 115 116 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS Samuel B. aud Joseph C. Dewees were next. They employed John Miller to burn a kiln of brick, and, being practical bricklay- ers themselves, erected the first brick building ever in the town or county, and, as soon as it was completed, stocked it with goods ; it stood just east of the St. Nicholas. The first school-house in town was built in 1842; it had two rooms, and was the lower story of the old Masonic building. The upper story was built by the Ma- sonic Lodge. This building stands on the north-west corner of City Park, and is used as a marble shop ; before its erection, church buildings were used as school-houses. The first manufactory, the products of which went to a general market, was a ropewalk estab- lished by Senator Oglesby and Dr. King. They made a good quality of rope, but the enterprise was not profitable, and hence was abandoned. The next was the plow manufactory of Augustus Hardy and E. O. Smith. This firm did a good business and made an excellent plow. It stood on the corner of Church and west Main streets, where business was carried on for several years. The first horse-mill in the city or county, was built by Phillip D. Williams, where the Republican office now stands. In 1832, David D. Allen constructed a dam across the Sangamon, aud put up the first saw-mill in the county. Wilson Allen, a man of some capital and energy, came to Deca- tur in the fall of 1839, and erected a steam grist and saw-mill and carding factory, the first steam-mill in the county. It did a large business, and added greatly to the prosperity of the town. It was destroyed by fire on a Sunday in 1842. In 1839 a man named Kibby erected a steam distillery, where Imboden’s spring is, near the cemetery. In 1840 Mr. Kibby left the county, and the dis- tillery was closed. Before 1839 there were, however, several small copper-stills scattered throughout the county. In those days whis- key was cheap, selling for eighteen cents per gallon. Decatur grew but slowly in the first years of its history, and in fact was little more than a hamlet, until 1836, when the state in- augurated the famous system of “Internal Improvements.” De- catur was to be the crossing of the “Northern Cross” and Central railroads, and work was actually begun on both of these. Its growth from this year until 1842 was more rapid, and the popula- tion reached at least five hundred souls- In 1836 and ’37 the spirit of speculation was rife. Town lots sold at fancy prices and additions were laid out. In 1842 all hopes of getting a railroad died out; and the burning of the steam-mill was a great blow to the prosperity of the place. From 1842 to 1852, when work was be- ginning on the Illinois Central R. R., it was at a stand-still. But from that time forward its growth has been continuous and substan- tial. Municipal organization was adopted, under general law, in 1836, and Richard Oglesby, uncle of Senator Oglesby, was elected presi. dent of the first board of trustees. Prominent among the members of this board were Dr. Wm. C'rissey, and H. INI. Gorin. The clerk was Andrew Love, now one of the elders or bishops of the Mormon Church at Salt Lake City. In the winter of 1855-6 a special charter was obtained, and on the 7th of January, 1856, an election was held under this charter for city officers. At this election John P. Post was chosen Mayor. The city then was divided into four wards. An act granting a new charter with enlarged powers was passed by the legislature, aud approved February 21, 1867. This reduced the several acts of incorporation into one. This charter was amended in 1869 and approved by Gov. Palmer on February 23d of that .year. The Police force of Decatur consists of seven men, and is highly efficient. Its organization dates from the election under the special charter on the seventh of January, 1856, at which J. W. Hartley was elected marshal. The present marshal is Robert Baker ; J. S. Hewes is his deputy. Decatur is a railroad centre of great importance, having no less than six railroads, and one of the really beautiful cities in Illinois. Within the corporate limits is included an area of 1,590 acres. It is situated on the north bank of the Sangamon, near the centre of the county, which is near the centre of the state, and is about equi- distant from Quincy on the west, and Indianapolis on the east. It is 36 miles east of Springfield and 200 north of Cairo ; is 155 miles from Chicago and 113 from St. Louis. The site is beautiful and well chosen, being high and rolling, making possible and easy a good sewerage system. The streets are wide, being generally eighty feet in breadth, and are fringed with the elm, hard-maple and shrubbery. The city contains substantial business blocks, archi- tecturally imposing, where the merchant displays his wares and the professional man has his office ; handsome school-buildings, where children gather with inquiring eyes to learn the way of wisdom, have been multiplied till there is room for all ; and temples of religiou, where all ages gather to learn the way of holiness, point with bur- nished spires towards the peace aud solemnity of the skies. It is supplied with good hotels, the more popular of which are the St. Nicholas, Priest House, Zimmerman House and Central House. It is a city of pleasant homes. Some residences are ele- gant, and a few costly ; but many are abodes of comfort and taste. It has a system of water-works, and is well-drained by sewers ; is lighted with gas and rejoices in a fire-department and a street- railway, a public library and a police force ; has a beautiful park for its living and an equally beautiful cemetery for its dead ; and in addition to all this, it possesses a hopeful and cheerful outlook for the future. Believing that it would interest our numerous readers, and es- pecially the medical profession, we subjoin the following excerpts from an ADDRESS DELIVERED BEFORE THE MACON COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY, FEB. 4tH, 1868, BY DR. W. J. CHENOWETH. Gentlemen : I do not know how better to repay your kindness in electing me President of the Macon Medical Society, than by calling up some of the facts connected with its early history, and by offering pen sketches of a few of its first members. I moved to Decatur May 28, 1854. There was at the time a population of about eight hundred, although it would have been quite a risk to his reputation for any citizen to have even supposed that there were less than twelve hundred souls in the growing city. There were no physicians then as there are now in the surrounding neighborhoods, and Decatur was as much looked to for medical ad- vice and medical attention by almost the entire population of Macon county, as she was for legal advice by the demands of litigation. Friends’ Creek township probably offered the only exception, Dr. Gurenne, residing at Dantown, attending to the “ ills that flesh is heir to ” in that locality. * * * * * The Macon County Medical Society had its birth in the year 1853, and owes its existence to Dr. S. T. Trowbridge, who aloue urged its necessity aud patiently enforced its claims on the profession. Dr. Joseph King was chosen president, Dr. Trowbridge, secretary, and the other members were, Drs. A. Kellar, S. Y. Baldwin, Thomas Reed and E. J. Roberts. Dr. Roberts was never engaged actively in the duties of the pro- fession, having contented himself with the pleasanter and more profitable calling of druggist. Dr. Kellar, although engaged in a lucrative practice and commanding a good position among his HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 117 peers in the profession, probably wisely, concluded to seek another location where a remunerative return could be more certainly had. He is now enjoying a good reputation and practice in an adjoining county. Dr. Baldwin early removed to Arizona, where he died and was buried among strangers. Dr. Reed, both on account of age and of priority of practice, claims first notice. He had been here almost from the location of the town, and having lived at Allen’s, (now known as Moffit’s) Mill, about one mile south-east of the court-house, he was the third physician in the county in point of time, having been preceded by Drs. Spears and Crissey, as pioneers. In 1854 the Doctor had very considerable and very deserved reputation in the treatment of children, more especially of that terror of mothers, and opprobrium of physicians, cho- lera infantum. Observation and much experience had taught him that in many cases it owes its malignity to malarial poison, and that in all cases it was more or less influenced by it, and he had judiciously and successfully applied the usual remedies appropriate for the one to the cure of the other. While the Doctor still enjoys excellent health and bids fair to outlive many of us much his junior in years, it will not comport with good taste to pronounce an extended eulogy. But I can and ought to say that no man in any occupation sustains a more unblemished reputation, and commands a more exalted character for honesty, probity and good demeanor, and his word is considered at all times as binding as an oath and as uuchanging as the laws of the Medes and Persians. Though the Doctor has retired from the active duties of the pro- fession, patrons who have for a whole generation trusted to his skill, will still exact reluctant attendance, being little inclined to rely on young men while a trusted friend and a tried physician, with the accumulated experience of a life-long practice, can be induced to lend a sympathizing ear to afflicted humanity. Long may the Doctor live, a monument of the virtues and skill of that class of hardy adventurers who devoted youth and manhood to faithful attendance on the widely-scattered families of the heroes who risked life and health in settling this far-off land ; and may his declining sun be made bright and cheerful by the Christian’s hope so long possessed. Dr. Joseph King at that time enjoyed the reputation of being par excellence the obstetrician. Patient and kind, lending a sympa- thizing ear to female anguish, and possessed of remarkable skill in the conduct of that trying hour of maternity, it is no matter of wonder that his aid was sought in almost every case of more than ordinary difficulty. With such a reputation, and with a skill that I had occasion to admire in many instances, it was a matter of no little astonishment to me that when I exjn-essed a preference for that field of science, I found in him one of my very best sujDporters, who, with a disinterestedness beyond any previous experience, was willing and did turn over many difficult and interesting cases to my care. ***** ]VIy first sight of Dr. King was a characteristic one. On inquiring for the physicians of the place, he was pointed out to me, sitting in a large covered buggy driving a large hoi’se that “ in his gait Preserved a grave majestic state.” He had a dog in his seat beside him, another at his feet, and several large, loose-jointed canines bringing up the rear. I now learned that his love for the dog was only equaled by his fondness for angling. Is ot finding him at his house, nor at his office, his patients were wont to institute search along the banks of the Sangamon, and strange if they did not find him — ‘‘ Just near the dubious point wherewith the pool So mixed the trembling stream, or where it boils Around the stone, or from the hollowed bank Keverting plays in undulating flow ; With eye attentive on the springing game, Leading the delusive fly with artful curve.” If found, now would come the tug of war ; duty insisting on seeing the patient, while an inviting play of the cork strongly tempted delay, and if his patient could be satisfied with a prescription, the case must be urgent or it would be given. With his many friends, I rejoice to see that, in his declining years, he is enabled to rear a palatial residence overlooking the city of his love, and that he has a prospect of an old age of quiet luxury. Dr. Trowbridge, my worthy predecessor then as now, sought the field of surgery, which was not grudgingly withheld, but generously pressed on him by his competitors. Not having the same fear of inflicting pain, or jxrobably being incited by an intense yearning for pre-eminence in this unoccupied field, he gate devoted attention to the few cases demanding surgical skill. But as those were too limited to admit of exclusive attention, and as the necessities of life must be met, he engaged in a general practice. Having a physical constitution of remarkable toughness, and of almost ferruginous hardness, his labors were immense, and such as would not be courted by him now — although in the prime of life and vigor of health. I have known him not unfrequently to ride and drive as much as four hundred miles in a single week attending to the ordinary duties of the profession. Of his mental and moral qualities it ill becomes me to speak in detail, but I may be allowed to say that great inti- macy will not permit me to adopt the adage, “familiarity breeds contempt.” I have already given him the credit of originating this society — I may add that to him is due its life. After three years of struggle it went down with the wreck of 1857. He again resur- rected it in 1858. When the war burst upon us in 1861, he was the first physician in Illinois to offer his services, and he received the very first commission as regimental surgeon given to any physician in this State or in the United States. After remaining three years and three months in the service, and passing unharmed through all the great battles of Donelson, (where he saved the life of John A. Logan, our Congressman-at-large,) Shiloh, Vicksburg, and Corinth, (at this last battle saving to us and the country our present Governor and townsman, R. J. Oglesby,) he returned to find the society with- out an existence, and at once solicited aid to build it up a third time. So that to him is due its present prosperity. I have said this much of the first members of our society, with the hope of contributing my mite towards keeping alive the debt of gratitude due them and to repay, in a small degree, the many per- sonal acts of kindness extended to me by these disinterested gentle- men during my struggle for position and independence.” DECATUR WATER WORKS. The cleanliness, comfort and health of a community are very largely dependent upon the possession of an abundance of pure water. Until population becomes dense, wells may be relied upon to supply this, but as population thickens they become in time in- adequate for all needs and positively productive of disease. The establishment of great manufactories, needing a large supply of water, and the growing importance of Decatur, caused the want of a better water supply to be seriously felt in the latter part of the years 1860-69, but it was not until the year 1870 that the water works were built, and mains laid. At first the water was supplied from an immense well, but it was soon demonstrated that the supply was not equal to the needs of the city, and works were 118 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. erected on the north bank of the Sangamon, and a foot main was laid from the river to the square. It was found that when the river was high the water was muddy, and therefore, in the fall of 1874 the city built a reservoir on the north bank of the Sangamon river, near the water works, by sinking a timber crib (100 feet long, 10 feet wide and 6 feet high, arched over with brick) into a stratum of gravel to a depth of about four feet below the bed of the river. This reservoir furnished a limited supply of excellent filtered water. Last fall this reser- voir was extended four hundred feet up the river, at the same depth and width, and covered in the same manner, making in all a reservoir 500 feet long, ten feet wide and eleven feet high, includ- ing the arch, with the bottom four feet below the bed of the river, and in a stratum of gravel and sand the entire length. This reservoir was finished and has been in use since the first of October last, and has thus far proved to be all the most sanguine could have desired, furnishing an abundant supply of good pure water, and the indications are that it will prove sufficient for many years. INLET PIPE. It was deemed necessary, as a precautionary measure, to connect the reservoir directly with the river, so that if, in case of a long protracted fire or drought, or any other unforeseen emergency, the water should fail to filter into the reservoir fast enough to supply the demand, access to the river could still be had by such connec- tion ; consequently a 24-inch cast iron conduit pipe, provided with a Ludlow Gate, was laid from about the center of the current of the river into the reservoir, resting on the river bed and falling one foot in 110 feet to the reservoir. One man can readily open and shut the gate at any time when an emergency requiring it arises. THE HAM. In the fall of 1878 it was found necessary, in order to increase the supply of water when the river was at a low stage, to build a dam across the river. The dam was therefore commenced at that time and completed last October, raising the river 41 feet at the reservoir and inlet pipe, giving it a permanent head of over eight feet to force the water into the reservoir. * “ Three pumps are in use, two of the Cameron, and one of the Holly pattern. The total cost of the works to 16th of February, 1880, was $141,500. The number of miles of mains of various sizes is 9 t ^j- The expenditures for the year ending February 16th, 1880, were $6,553.21.” Mr. G. B. Loring was the engineer when the works were es- tablished. FIRE DEPARTMENT. fThe fire department of this city was organized in July, 1872, consisting of the following officers and companies: Chief Engineer, Franklin Priest ; First Assistant Engineer, Joseph S. Hewes ; Second Assistant Engineer, H. P. Christie. Rescue Hose Company No. 1. — Foreman, W. W. Mason; Assistant Foreman, "VV. W. Fister ; Secretary, C. P. Housum; Treasurer, Henry M. McClellan. Eldorado Hose Company No. 2. — Foreman, W. II. Spencer; As- sistant Foreman, T. L. Antrim ; Secretary, W. F. McEwen; Trea- surer, Wm. Dodson. Young America Hook and Ladder Company No. 1. — Foreman, * From last report of S. Burgess, Superintendent. fFor the above data we are indebted to Joseph S. Hewes, Chief of the D. F. D. B. F. Dodson ; Assistant Foreman, F. B. Caldwell ; Secretary, I. W. Eliman ; Treasurer, J. H. Merriweather. Neptune Hose Company No. 3, was organized July, 1875, Wm. J. Wayne, Foreman ; J. B. Shellabarger, First Assistant Foreman; Samuel Funk, Second Assistant Foreman; W. E. McClelland, Secretary ; D. S. Shellabarger, Treasurer. The department officers for 1880 are as follows : Chief Engineer, Joseph S. Hewes ; First Assistant, W. J. Wayne ; Second Assistant, Enos Kepler ; Secretary, A. H. Diehl ; Treasurer, J. H. Miller. We subjoin the following extracts from the Annual Report of the Chief of the fire department, to the Mayor and City Council for the fiscal year, ending February 16th, 1880. Hose Houses. — Four hose houses in good condition. Apparatus. — The hose carriages, three in number, and three hose carts are in good condition. Hose. — Number of feet in department, 4,300, of which 3,000 feet are in good condition and 1,300 in very poor condition. A umber of men in Department. — The force of the department consists of 160 men, exclusive of Chief and Assistants. Fires. — The total number of fires and alarms for the year — 23. Loss by Fires. — Loss on buildings and contents, $15,765. Total insurance, $9,550. Loss above insurance, $6,215. Fire Alarm Telegraph. — The fire alarm telegraph line is about three miles in length, with alarm boxes, located as follows : one at the council rooms ; one at No. 1 hose house ; one at No. 2 hose house; one at No. 3 hose house; one at the furniture factory; one at Haworth’s check rower factory. All of which are in good con- dition. A new telegraph line has been put in from the water works to the Council rooms. Fire Hydrants. — The number of fire hydrants is 91 — 49 double and 42 single. Department Officers. — William Dodson, Chief Engineer ; J. S. Hewes, First Assistant ; I. W. Ehrman, Second Assistant; Ed Carter, Secretary ; J. H. Miller, Treasurer. OFFICERS OF COMPANIES. Rescue Hose Co. No. 1. — George Kraft, Captain; C. Winebren- ner, First Lieutenant ; Harvey Downing, Second Lieutenant ; C. P. Housum, Recording Secretary ; A. Diehl, Financial Secretary. Membership, 35. Eldorado Hose Co. No. 2. — A. Shoemaker, Captain ; R. Devore. First Lieutenant; Lee Hall, Second Lieutenant; E. Martin, Re- cording Secretary ; E. V. Jones, Financial Secretary. Mem- bership, 35. Neptune Hose Co. No. 3. — W. J. Wayne, Foreman; James Hughes, First Assistant ; George Auers, Second Assistant ; A. C. Cornman, Secretary. Membership, 40. Young America Hook and Ladder Co. — A. E. McClellan, Cap- tain ; E. Young, First Lieutenant; Samuel Lyons, Second Lieu- tenant ; Charles C. Dempsey, Secretary. Membership, 53. DECATUR GAS-LIGHT AND COKE COMPANY. The first charter was procured in 1857, and the incorporators of the company, were Henry Prather, Robert Forsythe, Charles A. Tuthill and Simon Speer. This charter was assigned to Charles H. Fuller, who associated with him, Franklin Priest and E. C. Emmons, and it was again assigned to Barnes, Davis & Co. An act was approved February 16th, 1865, to form a new com- pany, the iiicorporators of which, were William Martin, Henry Prather, I. S. Pugh, A. J. Gallagher, and E. O. Smith ; this was HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 119 amended March 7th, 1867, and the names of W. A. Barnes, C, A. Tuthill and J. C. Lake were added. The new charter as amended was assigned to Horace Barnes, representing Barnes, Davis & Co., who entered into an agreement to have the works completed within six months. On July 2d, 1868, the present company was formed, and to it the charter was assigned- The company was constituted of Edward 0. Smith, Henry Prather, Jasper J. Peddecord, Lowber Burroughs, William Martin, Fielding N. Ewing, Isaac Shellabarger, Horace Barnes and John Iv. Warren. For this company the works were erected in 1868, by Barnes, Davis & Co. Henry Prather was elected presi- dent, and J. Iv. Warren, secretary and treasurer. On January 15th, 1869, the company were notified by the con- tractors that the works were completed, and ready to be turned over to the company. On the death of Mr. Prather, F. A. Ewing was chosen Presi- dent. When Mr. J. Iv. Warren moved to California, Mr. B. Iv. Durfee, was elected to the office of Secretary and Treasurer, which office he still holds. Mr. Ewing declined to be re-elected at the expiration of his term on account of ill-health, and Mr. J. Iv. Warren Avas elected President. The works are on Jackson and Wood streets. The capital stock is $81,400, divided into $100 shares, and represents the actual cost of construction. J. W- But- man is the Superintendent. DECATUR PUBLIC LIBRARY. The educational influence and value of a free circulating library is very great. The Decatur Public Library was opened September 1st, 1875, with sixteen hundred and fifty-seven books on the shelves. These and the furniture of the hall were donated to the city by the Ladies’ Library Association, which had been in existence for about eight years, and had accomplished much good. R. L. Evans was libra- rian, which important office he still efficiently occupies. To him we are indebted for interesting facts and statistics relating to the li- brary. The board of directors consists of nine persons, three ladies and six gentlemen (one of whom must be a member of the council) ap- pointed by the city council. The present board consists of W. A. Barnes, president, R. R. Montgomery secretary and treasurer, Mrs. Judge Green, Mrs. H. Bishop, Miss S. A. Murphy, J. L. Peak, W. L. Hammer, David S. Shellabarger and W. T. Wells. The number of volumes at this time is four thousand and fifty- five ; an increase of two thousand three hundred and ninety-eight since the city accepted control. The library is well selected, and while miscellaneous rather than scientific in character, comprises literary and scientific works, volumes on art subjects, histories, etc. Three thousand five hundred persons have availed themselves of its privileges since 1875, more than one-third of the city’s popula- tion ; the total number of volumes bound for the year ending, May the first, 1880, was forty thousand six hundred and fifty-nine. The average daily issues were one hundred and thirty-seven, and monthly three thousand four hundred and eighty-two. The num- ber of visitors registered in the same year Avas sixty-six thousand three hundred and sixty-tAVO. The classification of circulation, as made by the librarian, is as folloAvs : Works of fiction, 46.11 per cent. Juvenile literature, 31.77 per cent. Miscellaneous works 22.12 per eent. There is a commodious and well-furnished reading-room sustained in connection with the library, at an annual cost of one hundred and fifty dollars. It is supplied with five dailies, twenty-seven Aveeklies, one semi-monthly and eleven monthly magazines, and six quarterly revieAVS The library is enlarged each year by the addition of from tAvo to four hundred new books; and the library and reading-room are maintained at a cost to the city of two thousand dollars, which sum is raised by taxation. THE CITY PARK. The land hoav comprising the city park was originally a part of Allen & McReynolds’ addition, and was set apart by the owners to be donated to the Northern Cross R ■ R. for depot purposes. This, it is needless to say, Avas never done. It was left until the Avinter of 1858, Avhen the oAvners, influenced by the persuasive eloquence of Gen. Oglesby, donated it to the city for a park, with the proviso, that it should be improved. In 1858 it Avas graded and in the spring of 1859 it Avas set out in trees. The elegant fountain in the center, Avas added in 1877, and the pagoda AA r as erected in the spring of 1879, for the conA r enience and comfort of the band. The park is laid out in fine trees, and is Avell shaded, and pro- vided with settees. Although small, the park is highly beautiful, and is the favorite place of resort for all classes. GREENWOOD CEMETERY. This lies unfortunately too near the city, being just south Avithin the limits, and contains an area of thirty-six acres- Before this Avas set apart as “God’s acre ’’the chief burying-ground Avas on the south side of Avest Main street. There Avas another Avhere the Ger- man Catholic Church hoav stands. In 1839 Dr. W. T. Crissey proposed to remove the remains of the dead from the common burying-ground to the place hoav called Greemvood Cemetery, as he wished to lay off t he land into toAvn lots. Permission being obtained he removed sixteen bodies in the fall of that year. The first burial in the neAV cemetery except those above mentioned, Avas that of Sam- uel B. Dewees in February, 1840, the next Avas that of William Pratt, and the next that of Dr. Burrell, both in the spring of 1840. The Green Avood Cemetery company Avas incorporated in 1854, and the lots Avere laid out in their present shape under the direction of Henry Prather, to Avliose excellent taste and management much of the beauty of this cemetery is due. DECATUR STREET RAILAVAY. The charter for this railway Avas obtained in 1869, and the mem- bers of the company are five in number. The original charter Avas for a term of fifty years, and includes the entire city. Its existence is OAving to the far-sighted business sagacity of Mr. F. Priest, Avho built it, and Avho has, from the inception of the project, been the sole manager. The road extends from the Union depot along Cerro-Gordo and North Main streets, terminating at the Public Square, directly in front of the commodious and popular hotel, the Priest House. The road is Avell managed, is in good repair, and the rolling stock is excellent. A car passes over the line every tAventy minutes, and meets all passenger trains day and night. It has proved a great convenience to the traveling public and citizens, and is well jiatron- ized. Mr. Priest, the manager of the railway, is also proprietor of the Priest House. The road will be extended to other points in the city as soon as the increase of population and consequent increase of patronage will justify the outlay. 120 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. MANUFACTURES. The city of Decatur is largely indebted for her past steady growth and present prosperity to her manufacturing industries. The ag- gregate amount of capital invested is very large, and the value of manufactured products is very great and increasing yearly. Hun- dreds are thus afforded employment at remunerative wages, and support given indirectly to many more. The city, in its corporate capacity, has wisely chosen to adopt a liberal policy towards these interests, and the fruits of this are apparent. A continuance of this fostering spirit on the part of the public-spirited citizens will make Decatur one of the largest cities of Central Illinois. We speak first of the Haworth Check-Bower Manufactory of Haworth & Sons. This large manufactory is situated on the corner of Cerro-Gordo and Morgan streets. The building is of brick, has three stories and a basement, and in size is 170 by 107 feet. It is supplied fully with necessary machinery, and gives employment to seventy-five men. The check-room is the invention of George D. Haworth, who ob- tained a patent for his valuable labor-saving invention in 1870. It is not necessary to enter upon a description of this machine, which is in use throughout the corn-belt of the United States. Suffice it to say that all trivial defects, as they have been revealed by use and experience, have been removed by the genius of the inventor, and improvements made from time to time until it has been brought to a high degree of perfection. It is provided with self-adjusting pulleys and rope guides, which enable the operator to plant the entire field without removing the rope from the machine, and to readily turn around without getting off the planter. This liighly-successful firm is composed of M. Haworth and his sons George D., L. L. and J. W. Haworth. They came from Ohio to Illinois in 1852. George D. Haworth began experimenting on his great invention in 1867, and began the manufacture of check- rowers in 1869, making for the season of that year only five. In his first experiments he employed iron wire, which proved to be unfit, and rope w r as substituted. It was not until the introduction of Bessemer-steel wire that the successful use of wire in check-row- ers was assumed. Mr. Haworth was raised on a farm, and is a practical farmer, which fact, no doubt, has been of use to him in inventing a much-needed implement. The firm of Haworth & Sons was organized in 1861, and three hundred machines were made and sold. From that time the demand has increased wonderfully, and the sales for the past year foot up nearly 8300,000. This firm manufactures a wire check-rower, which was first brought into practical use in the fall of 1869. The best Bessemer- steel wire is used and satisfaction is guaranteed. Every part of the machine is made in Decatur, and this fact enhances the value of this great manufactory to Decatur and the county in which it is situated. The great success which the firm has attained is due to their energy, perseverance and business sagacity. Let young men cease to prate about luck, and strive by honorable industry to achieve success. Chambers, Bering & Quinlin, manufacturers of Barnes’ wire check-rower, champion hog-ringer, rings and holder, and Brown hog-ringer. This firm bought the Decatur Agricultural Works, the build- ings for which were formerly known as the Central Illinois Agri- cultural Works, built by Barber & Hawley in the fall of 1863. The Decatur company bought the works in 1868. The Central Illinois Company manufactured headers, gang plows and riding cultivators. The second company manufactured plows of all de- scriptions, cultivators, harrows, seed-drills and corn -planters. The buildings owned and occupied by the firm of Chambers, Bering A Quinlin are as follows: The main building is frame, two stories in height, 50x156 feet; a brick structure, two stories, 26x50; a blacksmith’s shop, of brick, 20x60 feet, and an engine room also constructed of brick, and the same size ; a brick warehouse, 70x80 ; a storage building, 40x60 ; a brick fuel-room, and lumber sheds. The firm of Chambers & Quinlin was founded in the spring of 1875 tor the manufacture of champion hog-ringer, rings and holder. Their business grew rapidly, and in December, 1876, they associ- ated Mr. J. Ed. Bering with them, and extended the list of arti- cles manufactured by them. The Barnes’ wire check-rower was invented by A. & M. Barnes, of Bloomington, Ills., in 1872, and was the first wire check-rower made. The wire used is the best annealed steel wire. The wire in this machine does not cross the machine, but runs straight along the side, and the makers claim for it greater simplicity and dura- bility than are possessed by any other machine. The hog-ringers, rings and holders manufactured by this firm are found upon the shelves of hardware dealers throughout the United States, and have been introduced into European countries. The productive capital invested is $50,000 ; the number of men employed is seventy, and the value of the manufactured products is nearly $150,000. The members of the firm are reliable and enterprising business men, and by their devotion to business have developed it from a small beginning to its present great proportions. The Decatur Bagging Factory. — Owned and operated by A. W. and C. A. Conklin, is situated on Cerro Gordo street near Frank- lin. It was established by Moses Jerome, A. W. Conklin, and D. S. Shellabarger, in 1875. The building is a large brick structure 50 by 160 feet, three stories in height. There is also a brick ware- house 40 by 100 feet, capable of holding 700,000 yds. of bagging. This factory gives employment to 100 hands, and the productive capital is $100,000. The factory manufactures about 2,000,000 yards of bagging per year. Belonging to the company are four tow mills, one each at Paxton, Buckley, Rantoul, and Onargo, employing 60 hands. At these points the flax-straw is made into tow, then shipped to Decatur to be manufactured into bagging. The market for this product is found at St. Louis, from whence it goes to the South to be used in baling cotton. The machinery is mostly of English make, and is of the latest and most improved pattern. The skillful foreman is from Dundee, Scotland. The original cost of building and machinery was near $50,000. This takes rank as one of the most important of the Decatur man- ufacturing institutions. Furniture Factory. — The Decatur Furniture Co. is one of the prominent industries of the city, was established in 1866, and gives employment to one hundred and twenty-five men, and the annual sales amount to $150,000, which are distributed in 111., Ind., Mo., Neb., Kan., and Iowa. The factory is four stories high, main building 200 ft. long with an “Ell” 140 ft. It is owned and operated by Peddecord and Burrows, who have been very success- ful in their business. They have had several large contracts for furnishing our State institutions, among which are the State Capi- tol building at Springfield, Insane Asylum at Jacksonville, and Feeble-minded Institutions at Kankakee and Lincoln, Illinois. The Decatur Tank Line Company. — This institution, which is a branch of the Standard Oil Company of Cleveland, Ohio, was es- tablished Jan. 1st, 1878. Mr. Anthony Baer is the efficient man- ager. The company are agents for the American Lubricating Oil Company, and the Republic Refining Company. Since the estab- HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS, 121 lishment of the Decatur branch its trade has increased rapidly, and embraces the whole of Central aud Southern Illinois. There are but two branches in Illinois, one at Chicago and one here. Expe- rienced and capable traveling salesmen are employed, and the volume of business transacted in a year is enormous, and greater than that of any other establishment in Decatur. The tank capa- city is 50,000 gallons, and the barrel capacity is 25,000 more. This branch is the distributing point for Central and Southern Illinois, the oils being brought here in tanks ; second-hand barrels are bought, glued, freshly painted and made good as new ; the oils are then barreled and shipped to customers promptly on receipt of orders. Employment is given to 9 men. The business under Mr. Baer’s management is increasing rapidly. Decatur Steam Brewery. — E. Harpstrite and H. Shlaudeman, proprietors. T. Richard and A. Keck, in 1856, established a brewery adjoining the city limits on the south-east. Mr. Harpstrite, in 1860, bought out this firm, and in 1862 associated Mr. Shlau- deman with him in business. The demand for their beer increasing, the need for more commodious buildings was felt, and in 1865, an ice-house, and vaults were erected and excavated. The main building was not built until the next year. In 1863, the need for still more room caused an addition to be made to the main build- ing. This, the only brewery in Macon county, is situated on South Broadway and Cantrell streets. The cost of buildings and machinery was nearly 860,000. The main building is of brick, and is very substantially built The brewery affords employment to from 12 to 16 men, and has a capacity of 50 barrels per day. It is supplied with the best machinery, and the quality of the beer is equal to Milwaukee and Cincinnati beer. One of the proprietors, Mr. Shlaudeman, is a practical brewer, and gives individual attention to the business. The bottled export beer department was added in 1878, and has proved highly successful. Shellabarcjer Mills, D. S. Shellabarger & Co. This mill, the largest in the county, if not in all central Illinois, stands near the Wabash Railroad track, on corner of Water and Cerro-Gordo streets. Its establishment dates from January first, 1863. The firm is composed of D. S. and J. B. Shellabarger, brothers, and William Bowers, all men thoroughly acquainted with the milling business. The building and machinery originally cost $85,000. The old mill was built by Swingly, Kaufman and Amos, and was erected in 1857, and called the Great Western Mills. It is of brick, four stories in height ; has six run of burs ; has a capacity of 130 barrels per day; and is devoted exclusively to exchange and local business. The new mill is a fine brick structure, five stories and an attic, has ten run of burs, four sets of chilled-iron rolls, and a capa- city of 275 barrels of flour per day. It is designed exclusively for merchant work. The elevator is east of the mill, and has a storage capacity of 25,000 bushels of grain ; has eight dumps for unloading grain, and contains one of the Western Corn Shellers and Cleaners. These mills give employment to about forty-five men, including twenty coopers. Four grades of flour are manufactured, and the brands of this firm are favorably known throughout the west and New England, where they ship in large quantities. H. W. Hill & Co. — The manufactory of this well-known firm is on the corner of Main and Church streets. The building is of brick, two stories high ; size, 103 by 24 feet. There is also an L, 22 by 36 feet. They manufacture a variety of useful articles. Among them are hog rings, ringers and tongs, corn-huskers, markers for cattle and sheep, etc. They began business in November, 1872. H. W. Hill is noted as the inventor of Hill’s hog ringer, and Hill’s hog- tongs or holder. Charles P. Housuin is associated with Mr. Hill. 16 They give employment to eighteen men. The firm began business on a limited capital, but through their business tact and energy they have triumphed over all obstacles, and now are on a substantial financial basis. Keystone Carriage Works, Wayne Brothers proprietors. About 1869 Taylor and Bradley established a carriage and wagon manu- factory in Decatur. The Wayne Brothers came into control of this in 1872. The Keystone works are on the corner of Water and Cerro-Gordo streets. The Wayne brothers began business on a small scale, but it has greatly prospered in their hands. They are practical workmen, and understand their business thoroughly. The senior member of the firm, John B. Wayne, has a genius for designing, and many of his designs are published in the magazines of the trade. They ship work to Kansas, Texas and Mississippi, and as far east as New Haven, Connecticut. They secured the first premium at the St. Louis fair and Iowa state fair for fine driving buggy. They give employment to twenty-five men, and find ready sale for all their work. Illinois Central Mill. — This was established in 1855, and in 1859 it was destroyed by fire. It was at once rebuilt by Hinkle, Shella- barger and Priest at a cost of $25,000 for mill, warehouse and ma- chinery. It is situated on the corner of east Main and Broadway, and is owned and operated by George Priest & Co. It is a brick structure substantially built, including a commodious warehouse all under the same roof. It has four run of burs, and a capacity of 100 barrels of flour per day, and employment is given to eight men. The firm has changed several times, but Mr. Priest has from the first been a member of the firm. Decatur Linseed Oil Works are on the east corner of Main and Broadway, and are owned and operated by Hatfield, Taylor & Co. The works were established in August, 1867, and have a capacity for 350 bushels per day. They have a storage capacity for 60,000 bushels. The building is a substantial brick structure, aud the machinery is of the latest and best pattern, including an Archer press. The cost of the building and machinery was 835,000, and the productive capital employed in the business is ample. Most of the cake manufactured goes to the London and Liverpool markets. The market for the oil is chiefly in the west, and the firm has a large wholesale trade with St. Louis. The business gives employ- ment to twelve men. Union Iron Works, situated on the corner of William and Morgan streets, take rank among the more important of our manufacturing institutions. This large manufactory had a beginning in 1864, when James Milliken and C. C. Boroughs established a repair-shop for machinery. John M. Flood and C. C. Gradwohl became mem- bers of the firm in 1873. They manufacture general machinerv, and turn out only good work. They have been engaged for several years in the manufacture of the “ Western ” corn-sheller and cleaner. These machines are the invention of C. C. Boroughs, one of the firm, and are extensively used. Employment is afforded by these works to from thirty-five to forty men, most of them skilled work- men. The annual value of manufactured products exceeds 8100,000. Decatur Novelty Works, Farris and Oakes, proprietors. These were established in 1875 by R. Farris, and are on Morgan street between Williams and east North. The building was originally intended for a boiler-shop, and is a frame structure, 40 by 100 feet. The firm do machine work and general repair-work, and so faithfully and skillfully have they attended to business that it has steadily prospered, and they now employ from twelve to eighteen men. C- Loeb’s Foundry — On Broadway and Wabash line. It was es- 122 HI SI OR Y OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. tablished in June ’76; is a one story brick structure, in size 60x120, and gives employment to twenty-five men. Mr. Loeb is a man of twenty-five years’ experience in his business, and has established his business on a safe foundation. He makes a specialty of castings for agricultural implements, and light grey-iron castings. Decatur Coffin Factory. — This industry was established in 1872. It is situated on east Morgan and North streets, and the buildings are three in number, viz: one brick, four stories in height, 36x80 > another, four stories and a basement, 32x68; and another, two story, 32x70. T. T. Roberts and O. Z. Green, the proprietors, are the only men in this section of the state who carry on the occupa- tion of making coffins. The capital invested is sixty thousand dollars; thirty hands find employment, and about eleven thousand coffins are now made yearly. The walnut lumber used in their business mostly is brought from Indiana; the poplar from Tennessee, and the pine from Michigan. The market for the coffins is mainly western, and many are sold in Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas and Nebraska. D. F. Hamsher Works. — Mr. Hamsher has located his shops on Wood street between Main and Water, and manufactures lumber and spring wagons. The building is a fine new brick, seventy by forty feet, and two stories in height. The “ Hamsher ” wagon is widely used throughout this and adjoining counties. He does general repairing, and turns out of his shops one hundred and fifty wagons per year. Mills and Harry' s Door and Sash Factory. — Office, yard and mill on Edwards street. The factory was established in 1860 by Elwood and Co. Mills and Harry assumed control June first, 1879. They give employment to twenty-five men; and the capital invested is fifteen thousand dollars. The main building is a two-story frame, 46x90 feet, the engine room is of brick, 20x30, and in addition, there are lumber ware-houses and offices. They manufacture doors, sash, blinds, mouldings, brackets, etc. Lyn, Gibson & Co. — This firm is engaged in the manufacture of sash, doors, blinds, etc., and makes a speciality of stair work. It is composed of G. S. Lyn, W. H. Gipson and John Armstrong, and its place of business is on the corner of Broadway and Cerro-Gordo streets. The building is of frame, 42x42, two stories in height, and there is also an engine house. Their establishment dates from the spring of 1878. The class of work turned out is very excellent, as their factory is supplied with the best machinery. They give em- ployment to twelve men. Kramer and McClelland' s Carriage Manufactory. — This establish- ment dates from 1854, when S. B. McClelland started in business. In 1861 M. A. Kramer was taken into partnership, and in 1866, Mr. McClelland sold his interest to Joseph E. McClelland. Mr. Kramer purchased his interest in October, 1877, and continued the business alone until January, 1879, at which time Mr. J. E. Mc- Clelland again became an equal partner. They manufacture car- riages, buggies, phaetons, lumber and spring wagons. All of their work is hand-made of the best style, quality and finish. Their fac- tory is on the corner of Main and Franklin streets. The building is of brick, 42x90, two stories in height. They give employment to from twelve to twenty hands. Their work has a high reputation, and they fill orders from all parts of the country. Tile Manufactory and Brick-yard. — Mr. H. M. Whitmer has a brick-yard and tile factory on Webster street, in south-east part of city limits. He began the manufacture of brick, in 1864, in this county, and in 1866 located where he now is. He began the manufacture of drain-tile in 1878, and the value of tile made per year is $5000. The number of brick made per year is about 2,000,000; and 30 hands are employed. Tracer's Tile Manufactory . — William T. Traver’s tile works lie outside of the city limits on the south-east. He began manufactur- ing tile in Decatur, in 1864. In 1873 he moved to his present location. He began on a small scale with a hand-machine, and was the first man to make tile in the county. He gives employ- ment to eight men, and makes per year about $11,000 worth of tile, of various sizes, from three to eight inches in diameter. The capital invested is $8,000. Ammann's Brick-yard. — Conrad Ammann began making brick in 1864. He was six years on the west side of town. He is now just outside of the city limits on the south-east. He employs fifteen hands, and manufactures 12,000,000 brick per year. Keinath and Anesene's Brick-yard. — John Keinath and John Anesene, in the spring of 1880, began the manufacture of brick at their yard in the western part of the city. They employ seventeen hands, and will burn 1,00), 000 brick this year. They supply the home market'and ship to neighboi’ing towns. Wm. Tracer's Tile Works are located on Section 23, south of the city; were established in 1873, and have a capacity of 600,000 feet of tile per annum, and give employment to eight men. H. Mueller Co. — This firm began business in April, 1874. The senior ixxember of the firm had carried on, however, a gunsmith and geixeral repairing shop since 1858. Mr. F. A. Krosmeyer, associated himself with Mr. Mueller in 1874. Their business has steadily increased; sixteen men are employed; and last year’s business footed up $25,000. They nxanufacture water-main tappers, toy pistols, and also gunsmithing and general repairing of ma- chinery. Their building is on East Main street. Decatur Bottling Works. — Fred. Kuny proprietor, and manufac- turer of soda and mineral waters and bottler of export beer, cider, etc. This factox-y is situated on the north-east corner of East Main and Jackson streets. It was established iix 1866, and is doing a thriving business. The building now in use is a bi’ick building 40 by 40, and was erected in 1871. It is furnished with the best modern machinery, and gives employment to five men. Mr. Kuny began on a small scale, but his diligent attention to his business has been well rewarded. Decatur Woolen Mills. — This old manufacturing institution was established in 1859 by Wm. H. Boyd, L. C. Haskell and W. J. Myers. The principal goods made are flannels, yarns, blankets, jeans. “ In 1868 the mills were destroyed by fire, but were immediately rebuilt. The value of manufactured products reached $75 000 per year, and the value of mills and machinery is px-obably $30,000.”* The mills were shut up last February, and are still closed. Pork-packing House. — There is only one pork-packing establish- ment in Decatur, that of William Ullrich, south of town, on the Illinois Central railroad. No packing has been done for two years. Mr. Ullrich began packing in 1857 ; as many as 5000 hogs were slaughtered per year, and in the packing season employment was afforded to thirty men. Jasper J. Peddecord, William Martin and Henry Prather were the first packers in the county, and Peter McQueen & Co., were * Smith’s History. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 123 the next. The business has ceased to be profitable unless prepara- tions are made to pack throughout the year. W H. Grindol's Marble Works. — These were established in 1865, and are on the north-west corner of the city park. Headstones, tablets and monuments are manufactured from native and foreign marble, and native and Scotch granite. Ten men are employed, and a yearly business of $15,000 is done. Marble Works of John Strohm. — Mr. Strohm began business in 1867, and his works are on the corner of North Main and West Prairie streets. He employs on an average eight men, and his annual sales vary from $12,000 to $20,000- He ships his work over this and surrounding counties. Penniwell, Brown & Co’s. Marble Works — These are on the corner of East Main and Franklin streets, and furnish employment to ten men. And the annual sales are from $16,000 to $20,000. This firm began in 1865. His market is Macon and adjoining counties. Marble Works of Young and Pasold. — These were established in 1878 on the north-east corner of East Main and Franklin streets. Four men are employed, and a good business is transacted. They work building stone and marble. The Marble Works of Wm. Gaebler & Son were likewise estab- lished in 1878. They are on the corner of South Franklin and Washington streets. Two men are employed. They make Scotch and American granites a specialty. Kepler’s Cigar Manufactory. — This is the largest cigar-making establishment in the district. Mr. Andrew Kepler (deceased), established it in 1867, and was highly successful. It is on the south-east corner of the Old Square, and employs thirty-five hands. The “ Wabash Line ” brands are very popular. Mr. Kep- ler died in October, 1879, and the business is conducted by trustees. The cigars of this manufactory are sold throughout a very wide territory. Fred. Pahmeyer’s Cigar Manufactory is also on the south-east corner of the Old Square and South Main St. It was esta- blished in 1865, and in a busy season affords employment to ten men. Some of the brands manufactured are “ Bouquet,” “ My Favorite ” and “ Nationals.” The market is Decatur and surround- ing towns. He is also a general dealer in cigars and tobacco. Cigar Manufactory of M. E. Schroecler. — Mr. Schroeder has been in the trade since 1859, and gives employment to nine men. Some of the more noted brands are, “Bohemian,” “ Inter- Ocean,” “ Bouquet.” Mr. S. is an extensive dealer in cigars and tobacco. Joseph Michl's Cigar Manufactory. — This factory was established January, 1858. Mr. Michl is a wholesale and retail dealer in cigars, tobacco, pipes, snuff, etc. His location is on Water Street, east side, between East Main and the Park. He employs seven men. BANKING INTERESTS. There are three banking institutions in the city, with ample capital for doing an extensive business. The Decatur National Bank was chartered August 17, 1873, and has a capital stock of $100,000 ; surplus, $12,000. The bank is located on the west side of W ater Street, between East Main and Prairie Sts. President, A. T. Hill ; Vice-President, D. S. Shella- barger ; Cashier, Geo. W. Bright. The Banking House of J. Millikin & Co. was organized in 1860. It is located on the north-east corner of Water and East Main Sts., in a commodious brick structure 80x22 feet, and three stories high; contains all the modern improvements against burglars, surpassed by no other bank in the state. Peddecord, Burrows & Co., Bankers. This bank was organized in 1852, and is among the old-established firms of the city, and by its enterprise has done much toward forwarding the business in- terests of Decatur. Its location is on Water Street, in the corner building, south side of the new Park. THE OFFICERS OF THE TOWN AND AFTERWARDS CITY OF DECA- TUR, SINCE ITS ORGANIZATION, ARE AS FOLLOWS:* Board of Trustees. 1836. — Richard Oglesby, president. Trustees: Wm. T. Crissey, G. R. White, J Wm. Webb, Thomas Cowan, JH. M. Gorin, Henry Butler, Landy Harrall. J Andrew Love, clerk ; James Carter and Wm. Webb, constables. 1838. j; Joseph Williams, Henry Snyder, presidents. Trustees: James Renshaw, James F. Montgomery, George R. White, Henry Prather Edmund McClellan, clerk ; Richard Oglesby, J. P. Hickcok, treasurer; John S. Adams, assessor; William Radcliff and Thomas Cowan, supervisors ; J. H. Elliott, constable. 1839. — Trustees: William T. Crissey, S. B. Dewees, J. M. For- dice, § James F. Montgomery. 1839. — Kirby Benedict, president. Trustees : John S. Adamson, Thomas Cowan, Samuel B. Dewees, Jesse H. Elliott, William T. Crissey, Thomas H. Read. H. M. Gorin, clerk; George R. White, treasurer; H. Prather, assessor and collector; G. W. Gilbrath, Zebulon Cantrell and William Webb, constables. 1840. — Joseph King, president. Trustees : Henry Goodman, William Cantrell, B. F. Oglesby, David Wright, John G. Speer, David E. Ralls. H. M. Gorin, clerk ; G. R. White, treasurer ; I. C. Pugh, collector ; William Webb, constable. || 1841. — Thomas P. Rodgers, president. Trustees: J. H. Elliott, D. E. Ralls, G. R. White, Henry Goodman, Benjamin R. Austin, J. D. Tait. J. S. Post, clerk ; J. H. Reed, treasurer ; Joseph Ste- vens, assessor and collector ; William Webb, constable. 1846. — David Crone, president. Trustees : Elijah Krone, Joseph Kauffman, Michael Elson, Thomas H. Reed. E. B. Hale, clerk ; G. A. Smith, constable. 1847. — D. Crone, president. Trustees: J. H. Reed, M. Elson, Joseph Kauffman. Nathan P. West, clerk ; E. McClellan, con- stable; B. H. Cassell, assessor. 1848. — J. H. Elliott, President. Trustees : H. Prather, H. Armstrong, E. O. Smith, Jos. King. N. P. West, Clerk ; E. Mc- Clellan, Constable ; B. H. Cassell, Assessor and Treasurer. 1849. — Joseph Kauffman, President. Trustees : H. J. Arm- strong, J. H. Elliott, Jos. King, W. S. Crissey. N. P. West, Clerk ; B. H. Cassell, Assessor and Treasurer ; H. Goodman, Con- stable. 1850. — Joseph King, President. Trustees : W. J. Stamper, Wm. Prather, C. H. Pringle, Wm. Wheeler. B. H. Cassell, Clerk ; Wm. Wheeler, Constable ; B. H. Cassell, Assessor and Treas- urer. * For some of the data pertaining to the early officers of Decatur we are in- debted to Smith’s History. f Died, t Resigned. $ It does not appear from the record that these last named trustees ever met, but that there was an election held on the 6th day of May, 1839, under a special act incorporating the town of Decatur, at which election another board was chosen. || This was the last meeting of the Trustees of town of Decatur for five years. 124 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS 1851. — Wm. S. Crissey, President. Trustees: Win. Prather, C. H. Pringle, Joseph King, W. J. Stamper. B. H. Cassell, Clerk, Treasurer and Assessor. 1852. — W. J. Stamper, President. Trustees : W. S. Crissey, Wm. Prather, C. H. Pringle, Jos. King. B. H. Cassell, Clerk, Treasurer aud Assessor. 1853. — Wm. Prather, President. Trustees : W. S. Crissey, W. J. Stamper, Joseph King, John Ricketts. B. H. Cassell, Clerk, Treasurer and Assessor. 1854. — William Prather, President. Trustees: William J. Stam- jier, William S. Crissey, Joseph King, Thomas H. Wingate. B. H. Cassell, Clerk. 1854 — Thomas H. Wingate, President. Trustees : William S. Crissey, William Martin, Elias Tanner, John Ricketts. B. H. Cas- sell, Clerk ; H. Churchman, Constable. 1855. — Thomas H. Wingate, President. Trustees : A. L. Kellar, J. R. Gorin, William S. Crissey, William Martin. B. H. Cassell, Clerk. CITY COUNCIL. * 1856. — John P. Post, Mayor. Aldermen : Frank Priest, 1st ward ; E. O. Smith, 2d ward ; J. R. Gorin, S. P. Ohr, 3d ward ; J. J. Ballentine, H. Taylor, 4th ward. C. C. Post, Clerk and At- torney. 1857. — William A. Barnes, Mayor. Aldermen : George Good- man, Joseph Mills, 1st ward ; H. B. Durfee, George Dempsey, 2d ward ; A. T. Hill, John P. Post, 3d ward ; Israel B. Gring, Geo. Wessels, 4th ward. J. P. Boyd, Clerk and Attorney. 1858. — James Shoaff, Mayor. Aldermen : Joseph Mills, J. B. Trull, 1st ward; H. B. Durfee, Isaac D. Jennings, 2d ward; John P. Post, Samuel F. Greer, 3d ward; Geo. Wessels, O Powers, 4th ward. S. S. Goode, Clerk and Attorney. 1859. — A. T. Hill, Mayor. Aldermen : James Simpson, J. L. Mansfield, 1st ward ; John W. Bear, M. Haworth, 2d ward ; Sam- uel F. Greer, William Lintner, 3d ward ; O. Powers, J. C. Benton, 4th ward ; S. S. Goode, Clerk and Attorney. 1860. — Sheridan Wait, Mayor. Aldermen : James Simpson, S. S- Hale, 1st ward; E. McNabb, Wm. J. Scanlan, 2d ward ; Wm. Linter, Peter INI. Wykoff, 3d ward ; J. C. Benton, John L. Peake, 4th ward ; J. R. Gorin, Clerk and Attorney. 1861. — E. O. Smith, Mayor. Aldermen : F. Priest, long term, Chas. A. Tuttle, short term, 1st ward ; James Millikin, William J. Scanlan, 2d ward ; W. H. Bramble, P. M. Wykoff, 3d ward ; Joel C. Benton, long term, William A. Barnes, short term, 4th ward ; J. R. Gorin, Clerk and Attorney. 1862. — Thomas O. Smith, Mayor. Aldermen : F. Priest, D. H. Elwood, 1st ward; James Millikin, Lowber Burrows, 2d ward ; Henry Goodman, W. H. Bramble, 3d ward ; Joel C. Benton, Ben- son Henkle, 4th ward. J. R. Gorin, Clerk and Attorney. 1863. — J. J. Peddecord, Mayor. Aldermen : D. H. Elwood, David S- Hughes, 1st ward ; James Millikin, Lowber Burrows, 2d ward ; William H. Bramble, Henry Goodman, 3d ward ; John Ullerich, Benson Henkle, 4th ward. J. R. Gorin, Clerk and At- torney. 1864. — J. J. Peddecord, Mayor. Aldermen : C. A. Tuttle, D. L. Hughes, 1st ward ; M. Y. Givler, James Millikin, 2d ward ; M. Forstmeyer, J. G. Starr, 3d ward ; Benson Henkle, long term, T. B. Albert, short term, 4th ward. K. H. Roby, Clerk and At- torney. 1865. — Franklin Priest, Mayor. Aldermen : Charles A Tuttle, * An election was held for city officers, under a special charter, on the 7th of January, 1856. Charles H. Fuller, 1st ward ; M. Y. Givler, William J. Usrey, 2d ward ; M. Forstmeyer, E. A. Barnwell, 3d ward ; *Beuson Henkle, S. T. Trowbridge, 4th ward. K. H. Roby, Clerk and Attorney. 1866. — Franklin Priest, Mayor. ^Charles H. Fuller, S. F. Hawley, 1st ward ; W. J. Usrey, E. McNabb, 2d ward ; E. A. Barnwell, M. Forstmeyer, 3d ward ; G. Howell, short term, H. Muller, long term, 4th ward. *A. B. Bunn, Clerk and Attorney. 1867- — John K. Warren, Mayor. Aldermen : S. F. Hawley, Joseph Mills, 1st ward ; E. McNabb, 2d ward ; M. Forstmeyer, J. R. Gorin, 3d ward ; II Muller, B. F. Dodson, 4th ward. C. H. Fuller, Register. 1868. — Isaac C- Pugh, Mayor. Aldermen : D. P. Elwood, Jo- seph Mills, 1st ward ; L. L. Haworth, S. Burrows, 2d ward ; M. Forstmeyer, J. R. Gorin, 3d ward ; B. F. Dodson, H. Prather, 4th ward. C. H. Fuller, Register. 1869. — Wm. L. Hammer, Mayor. Aldermen: D. P. Elwood, D. S. Shellabarger, 1st ward ; L. L. Haworth, J. L. Libby, 2d ward ; M. Forstmeyer, G. S. Simpson, 3d ward ; H. Prather, W. F. Busher, 4th ward. C. II. Fuller, Register. 1870. — F. Priest, Mayor. Aldermen : * E. M. Misner, D. S. Shellabarger, 1st ward ; Benj. Dill, f E. McNabb, 2d ward ; G. S. Simpson, M. Forstmeyer, 3d ward; W. F. Busher, E. Harpstrite, 4th ward. C. H. Fuller, Register. 1871. — E. M. Misner, Mayor. Aldermen ; Joseph Mills, fWm. J. Myers, 1st ward ; Benj. Dill, E. McNabb, 2d ward ; M. Forst- meyer, Wm. H. Bramble, 3d ward ; E. Harpstrite, Wm. Gabbler, 4th ward. C. H. Fuller, Register. 1872. — D. S. Shellabarger, Mayor. Aldermen : Joseph Mills, W. J. Myers, 1st ward ; F. Hardy, E. McNabb, 2d ward ; A. T. Hill, Wm. IT. Bramble, 3d ward; Wm Gabbler, B. B. Richards, 4th ward ; George P. Hardy, Register ; Thomas Lee, Attorney ; M. K. Hatch, Treasurer ; G. V. Loring, City Engineer ; John W. Ha- worth, Marshal. 1873. — Martin Forstmeyer, Mayor. Aldermen: Geo. Stare, W. J. Myers, 1st ward; Frank Hardy, L. F. Muzzy, 2d ward ; A. T. Hill, T. J. Able, 3d ward ; James Peake, B. B. Richards, 4th ward ; Joseph Leake, A. Shoemaker, 5th ward; Geo. P. Hardy, Register; I. A. Buckingham, Attorney ; G. V. Loring, City Engineer ; M. K. Hatch, Treasurer ; John W. Haworth, Marshal. 1874. — F. Priest, Mayor. Aldermen : H. W. Waggoner, Geo. Stare, 1st ward ; E. McNabb, L. F. Muzzy, 2d ward ; J. T. Able, Isaac Ehrman, 3d ward ; James Peake, J. W. Butman, 4tli ward ; Joseph Leake, R. N. Mills, 5th ward ; Geo. P. Hardy, Register ; I. A. Buckingham, Attorney ; M. K. Hatch, Treasurer ; Geo. V. Lor- ing, City Engineer; John W. Haworth, Marshal. 1875. — R. H. Merriweather, Mayor. Aldermen : H. W. Wag- goner, W. J. Myers, 1st ward ; Wm. M. Boyd, H. D. Durfee, 2d ward; Isaac Ehrman, B. F. Stephens, 3d ward; James Peake, J. W. Butman, 4th ward ; Joseph Leake, R. N. Mills, 5th ward. George P. Hardy, Register; M. K. Hatch, Treasurer; I. A. Buck- ingham, Attorney ; John W. Haworth, Marshal ; S. Burgess, City Engineer. 1876. — W. B. Chambers, Mayor. Aldermen : W. J. Myers, W. J. Wayne, 1st ward ; H. B. Durfee, L. F. Muzzy, 2d ward ; I. W. Ehrman, B. F. Stephens, 3d ward; James Peake, Edward Harps- trite, 4th ward ; Joseph Leake, Kilburn Harwood, 5th ward. Geo. P. Hardy, Register; I. A. Buckingham, Attorney; M. Iv. Hatch, Treasurer; S. Burgess, City Engineer; John W. Haworth, Marshal. 1877. — W. B. Chambers, Mayor. Aldermen : W. J. Wayne, * Resigned, f To fill vacancy. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 125 W. W. Swearingen, 1st ward ; L. F. Muzzy, J. T. Barnett, 2d ward; I. W. Ehrman, W. H. Bramble, 3d ward; E. Harpstrite, F. Kuny, 4th ward ; Iv. Harwood, W. S. Nichols, 5th ward. George P. Hardy, Register ; Milton Johnson, Treasurer ; S. Bur- gess, Engineer and Supt. Water Works ; George Dempsey, Street Commissioner ; I. A. Buckingham, City Attorney ; Norman Pringle, Marshal ; John A. Brockway, Deputy Marshal. ] 878. — Franklin Priest, Mayor. Aldermen : W. W. Swearingen, J. G. Shea, 1st ward ; J. T. Barnett, H. B. Durfee, 2d ward ; W. H. Bramble, Silas Overmire, 3d ward : Fred. Kuny, J. W. Butman, 4th ward ; W. S. Nichols, A. Shoemaker, 5th ward. George P. Hardy, Register ; Theodore Nelson, Treasurer ; S. Burgess, En- gineer and Supt. Water Works; John W. Haworth, Marshal; John Brockway, Deputy Marshal ; W. H. Shorb, Street Super- visor. 1879. — L. L. Haworth, Mayor. Aldermen : J. G. Shea, Iv. Harwood, 1st ward; J. T. Barnett, E. McNabb, 2d ward; Silas Overmire, Peter McDonald, 3d ward ; J. W. Butman, W. A. Dennis, 4th ward; W- S. Nichols, A. Shoemaker, 5th ward; Geo. P. Hardy, Register ; Robert McClelland, Treasurer ; W. H. Shorb, City Supervisor ; Sullivan Burgess, Surveyor and Engineer ; Jno. T. Barnett, Marshal ; J. A. Brockway, Dejmty Marshal. 1880. — H. W. Waggoner, Mayor. Aldermen : Iv. Harwood, D. S. Shellabarger, 1st ward ; E. McNabb, D. Bunn, 2d ward ; Peter McDonald, W. H. Bramble, 3d ward ; W. A. Dennis, A. W. Hardy, 4th ward ; W. S. Nichols, A. Shoemaker, 5th ward ; Geo. P. Hardy, City Register ; Theodore Nelson, City Treasurer ; G. V. Loring, Surveyor and Engineer ; R. N. Baker, City Marshal ; J. S. Hewes, Deputy Marshal; W. H. Shorb, City Supervisor. With this is closed the chapter on Decatur. To do complete justice to so thriving a city, even more space is needed than has been given. If her citizens in the future shall be guided by the same enterprising spirit they have exhibited in the past ; if they shall encourage their manufactures, and foster their schools, which have reached a high degree of efficiency, year by year their length- ening streets will echo to the tread of a greater and busier popula- tion, and greatness will be assured. Decatur Township has an area of 29 square miles or 18,560 acres. It is traversed from east to west by the Sangamon river, the chief tributary of which, in the township, Stevens’ creek, flows from the north and enters it about a mile east of the western boun- dary. It lies south of Hickory Point and Whitmore townships, west of Oakley and Long Creek, north of Long Creek and South Wheatland, and east of Harristown. Is well timbered and drained, and contains much good land. It is difficult in writing the history of a county, city, and township to avoid repetition Therefore, as an extended notice is given of the only city in the township, the reader is referred to that article, and to the chapter on the Pio- neers and Early Settlers, for information regarding the early history of this township. We subjoin, as of general interest, a list of the first land entries, and a list of township supervisors from the first to the present. The first land entries in Decatur precinct were made by the following persons : on the 13th of November, 1827, James Miller entered 80 acres in Section No. 10 ; Jonathan Miller entered 80 acres in Section No. 14, July 7th, 1828; July 16, 1828, Dorus Stevens entered 80 acres in Section 3 ; David Miller entered 80 acres same section and date; David L. Allen entered Nov. 1st, 1828, 80 acres of the W. 4 of the N. W. i of Section No- 14, all in township No. 16, N. R. 2 East of the Third Principal Meridian. The land entered by James Miller, Jonathan Miller, and David L. Allen is now embraced within the corporate limits of Decatur. Supervisors of Decatur Township and City. — H. B. Durfee, (chairman) elected in 1860; John W. Koehler, elected in 1860; H. B. Durfee, (chairman) re- elected in 1861 ; John W. Koehler, re-elected in 1861 ; II. B. Durfee, (chair- man) re-elected in 1862; John W. Koehler, re-elected in 1862; H. B. Durfee, (chairman) re-elected in 1863 ; B. F. Dillehunt, elected in 1863; J. E Rob- erts, elected in 1864; David Morgan, elected in 1864; W. O. Jones, elected in 1865 ; David Morgan, re-elected in 1865 ; H. B. Durfee, (chairman) re- elected in 1866; W. A. Barnes, elected in 1866; H. B- Durfee, (chairman) re-elected in 1867 ; W-. A. Barnes, re-elected in 1867 ; H. B. Durfee, (chair- man) re-elected in 1868; M. Forstmeyer, elected in 1868 ; James Milhken, elected in 1869; M- Forstmeyer, re-elected in 1869; Reuben Betzer, elected in 1870; M. Forstmeyer, re-elected in 1870; M. Forstmeyer re-elected in 1871; Joseph Mills, elected in 1871 ; Jacob Spangler, elected in 1872 ; H. Ilummel, elected in 1872 ; Jacob Spangler, re-elected in 1873 ; David S. Hughes, elected in 1873; Jacob Spangler, re-elected in 1874; H. Hummell, re-elected in 1874; Jacob Spangler, re-elected in 1875; II. B. Durfee, re-elected in 1S75 ; M. Forstmeyer, re-elected in 1875 ; M. Forstmeyer, re-elected in 1867 ; D. S. Hughes, elected in 1876; Samuel Powers, elected in 1876; D. W. Brenneman, elected in 1877 ; A. A. Murray, elected in 1877 ; Benjamin Dill, elected in 1877 ; E. McNabb, elected in 1878 ; Benjamin Dill, re elected in 1878; D. S. Shellabarger, elected in 1878; Wm. B. Chambers, elected in 1879; D. S. Hughes, re-elected in 1879 ; Jason Rogers, elected in 1879 ; D.S. Shellabarger, re-elected in 1880; D. T. Hill, elected in 1880; W. A. Barnes, re-elected in 1880. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. This distinguished soldier and statesman was born on the twenty- fifth of July, St. James’ day, 1824, in Oldham County, Kentucky. His parents, Isabella AVatson and Jacob Oglesby, both of Scottish descent, came to Kentucky from Virginia. After following other pursuits, Jacob Oglesby became a farmer in Kentucky where he was a man of some influence, representing his county two terms in the legislature of the state. The profit of his farm enabled him to live comfortably with his large family of eight children until 1833, when the cholera, which swept through the country at that time, bereft the young family of both father and mother, a brother AVoodford and a sister Isabella. Afterward in 1836 the youngest daughter Sarah died at the age of six years, in Illinois. Robert, the youngest son, six years old at the time of his parents’ death, died at the age of twenty-one, after a year’s service in the Mexican war. The death of the parents in early 126- maturity left the young family, two sons and four daughters, totally unprovided for. Kind relatives, however, came to their relief, and assumed their care. Richard, the fifth child, and the elder of the surviving broth- ers, was but eight years old at the time of his father’s death, and was taken in charge by an uncle, AVillis Oglesby, who in 1836 moved to Decatur, Illinois, and afterward lived in Kentucky and Indiana. Richard remained with his uncle until the age of four- teen, when he started out in the world alone. His first journey was on foot, with only a small bundle, from Terre-Haute, Indiana, back to his favorite home, Decatur, Illinois, where he sought and found the protection of two devoted sisters, Mrs. Henry Prather and Mrs. J. J. Peddecord. In Decatur, therefore, in November, 1838, Richard J. Oglesby, at the age of fourteen, fairly entered upon the struggle of life; for a while he had friends and relations who always took a HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 127 deep interest in his welfare, and pointed out to him, by suggestions and advices, the best course to pursue, he felt, and it was true, that he must rely chiefly on his own will and resources for all the future yet to be revealed and developed. The financial crash of 1837 was then being felt throughout the country; every one was poor. “The times were hard,” sure enough. And that common suffering, which puts all on an equality, while beset with innumerable deprivations, yet impressed upon the generation of that period the hard lesson of self-denial, simplicity of manner, and a pure and unselfish patriot- ism. From the age of fourteen to seventeen years, his life was very similar to that of other boys, working on the farm, and about town at such employment as could be found, by the day, week, or month. The usual amusements of those days, he says, were hunting, fish- ing and “Burgooing,” and on Saturday afternoon in all county- seat towns, horse-racing, ball-playing and occasionally a fist-fight in the street to settle up old differences, clear up the atmosphere and get ready for church next day. Richard had his full share in the sports and pastimes of the day, but managed to keep clear of the sterner tussels in the street. At seventeen he went to Kentucky, still the home of his eldest sister, Mrs. James F. Wilson, where he learned the trade of a house- carpenter under .James Rankin. Returning after a year to Decatur he worked for Major E. O. Smith at the same trade, for six dollars a month and board. Times steadily grew harder, and work at any trade more difficult to obtain ; besides farming and merchandizing there was little life in any trade or industry in the West. In 1843 farming was next undertaken, in company with Lemuel Allen, a teacher of some repute, Avhose school Richard had attended for three months the previous winter. They farmed on rented ground one mile east of Decatur, and raised oats, corn and twelve acres of hemp. The last was duly cut and cured, and the following winter and spring was spun into well-rope and bed-cords on a rope walk, invented by Mr. Oglesby for the purpose. On this same rope ma- chine was spun the two large cables used in launching the first flat- boat sent out on the Sangamon river from Decatur. It was laden with corn and other produce of Macon county. The whole popu- lation turned out to see the boat take its departure on its long jour- ney down the Sangamon to the Illinois river and thence down the Mississippi to New Orleaus. Many of the older and wiser heads of the great company assembled on that occasion regarded the auspi- cious event as the fulfilment of a prophecy made by “ Abe Lincoln’’ in a speech near a little corner grocery at Decatur in 1830: “That the Sangamon would some day be declared a navigable stream open to the commerce of the world.” The sympathizing crowd followed the course of the “ flat-boat ” for many miles, cheering vociferously as it swept the various and abrupt curves of the sluggish Sangamon, somewhat perilous to navigation on account of the drift-wood, which had caught and collected into large and compact masses, clogging the stream, in many places, from bank to bank. In 1840 Mr. Oglesby firstheard, in the way of public speaking, the very able debate between Lincoln and Douglas in the old court- room in Decatur. Though he was but sixteen he had developed an admiration and attachment for Mr. Lincoln which continued to the present time. The example Mr. Lincoln’s life afforded, having be- gun the study of law with a limited education at the age of twenty, seven, became an inspiration to many young men in the West. Mr. Oglesby like others felt its influence, and finally resolved as soon as he could obtain the means to follow in the path illuminated by the genius and talent of this noble man. Therefore in 1844, at the age of twenty, he began the study of law with Silas W. Robbins, in Sjiringfield. In November, 1845, after the usual examinations he was admitted to the bar. It is due to the truth of biography to state that the education of Mr. Ogleshy had been limited. His opportunities had been of the poorest kind. At the period when he began the study of law, he could read and write, had a slight knowledge of arithmetic and a brief acquaintance with geography ; but this was all he could claim in the way of an education. In the spring of 1840, the war between the United States and Mexico opened a new field of action ; and w T e find Mr. Oglesby in that service for one year as First Lieut, of Company C, 4th Illinois volunteers, commanded by the late Col. E. D. Baker of Illinois. Lieut. Oglesby marched with the regiment on foot over seven hun- dred miles through the interior of Mexico, and was in the battles of Vera Cruz and Cerro Gordo ; in the latter, he commanded the company, Captain Pugh having been placed by Colonel Baker, in command of the left wing of the regiment, and out of forty-one, rank and file, lost ten, killed and wounded. It w r as in this battle General Shields fell wounded, at the head of the Fourth Illinois regiment, near Colonel Baker. Lieutenant Oglesby was left in charge of the wounded general for two days on the battle-field, as a mark of respect to the company. On his return, at the close of the war, to his home he at once resumed the practice of law, giving it his whole attention. But in 1849, catching the gold fever, he made one of a party of eight, which left Decatur for California. He drove a team of six mules every mile of the journey, from St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento City, California. The trip was made in ninety-five days, and was one of uninterrupted interest and pleasure. As an evidence of the wisdom of the venture, he states, that on the even- ing of the third day after his arrival in Sacramento City he re- paid the two hundred and fifty dollars borrowed, to make the journey, and had four hundred and seventy* dollars in cash left. His career as a miner was so successful that at the end of two years and six months, though he had lost three thousand dollars deposited in a Sacramento bank, and two thousand five hundred dollars by the burning of Nevada City, he returned to Decatur with four thousand five hundred dollars in gold, and had more cash for a few weeks than any other man in Decatur, then a town of five hundred inhabitants, including many promising young men. Shortly after the return from California, the law firm of “ Oglesby and Waite ” was established, which continued until the spring of 1856. At this time Mr. Oglesby decided upon a tour abroad, and in April he left Illinois for a journey to Great Britain and Europe, which was extended to Egypt, Arabia, Palestine and Asia Minor. He sailed from Philadelphia in the “ City of Baltimore,” Cap- tain Lutch, landing, after a pleasant voyage of ten days, at St. George’s Pier, Liverpool. After three days in Liverpool he crossed to Dublin, and visited various places of interest in Ireland. From Port Rush, he sailed for Glasgow, and traveled over Scot- land, arriving in London late in June, where he spent three weeks visiting points of historical interest. Parliament, then sitting, claimed his attention several times, and he was interested to ob- serve the style and manners of English oratory. In the House of Lords, he heard Lord Lyndhurst, the Duke of Argyle, Marquis of Lansdale, Lord John Campbell, Bishop of Oxford and many other distinguished peers. Lord John Camp- bell he notes as the most fluent speaker. In the house of commons among the many members whose speeches he heard, were Lord Palmerston, then in his prime, Lord John Russell and the famous D’lsraeli. Leaving London, Mr. Oglesby spent two weeks in Paris and environs, then proceeded to Berlin, visiting en route, 128 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Brussels, Waterloo, Cologne, Mayence, Bonn, Frankfort, Leipsic and Dresden. In Berlin lie celebrated his thirty-second birthday, and among other reflections regrets “ that he is still a bachelor.” After a short time spent in that city and Potsdam, he determined to sail from Stettin to St. Petersburg. August the 2d, he embarked, meeting among his fellow-pas- sengers the famous Colonel Colt, of revolver celebrity, who with his bride was on his way to St. Petersburg. They arrived after three days rough passage on the Baltic, and on the sixth of August Mr. Oglesby celebrated another birthday, time being then reckoned in Russia O. S. Two weeks were spent in St. Petersburg and two in Moscow, where on the 7th of September, he saw the present Czar and his Empress crowned in the Church of the Assumption. From Moscow he traveled by diligence eight hundred miles to Warsaw, a tedious journey, but having some unusual interests. In Poland he saw the most beautiful women of Europe. Leaving Warsaw by railway for Dresden and Berlin, he rejoices to find himself once more among the comfortable Germans. He felt depressed in spirit and body after witnessing so much human misery in Russia and Poland. His stay in Berlin was long and agreeable. On the sixteenth of October he was one of a party of ten Americans invited to attend King William, the Crown Prince, now Emperor, and their court, on the annual wild boar hunt in the “King’s Forest,” ten miles north of Berlin. The thirtieth of December, he left that lovely German city to visit Dresden again, Vienna and Trieste. From the last place he sailed to Alexandria, where he beheld with astonishment the marvelous wonders of this ancient city of Egypt. He describes among other famous monuments the obelisks, called “ Cleopatra’s needle,” then standing on their original sites, one of which was recently brought to New York. Late in January, Mr. Oglesby arrived in Cairo. After a short stay, he in company with a friend, chartered a boat and crew, and laying in a supply of provisions, resolved to make a trip up the Kile to Thebes. They left Cairo with the American flag flying, expecting to be gone thirty days, but found so many mysteries along the Nile to see and study, that their journey was prolonged, and more than forty days passed before their return to Cairo. The ancient temples and tombs of Upper Egypt, still, as for centuries, the marvel of the world, the great pyramids on the west bank of the Nile near Cairo, one of the “seven wonders of the world,” were all, in succession, visited, studied and examined with the greatest possible interest and profit to the travelers from the western prairies of the new continent, where only the great natural objects arrest the eye of the traveler. Two weeks after their return to Cairo, Mr. Oglesby joined a caravan, to cross the desert, consist- ing of ten travelers, two dragomen, eleven Bedouins and thirty-three camels. On the twentieth of March they left Cairo for their perilous march to the Holy Land. The journey across the desert was full of eventful and startling adventures, camel-riding, tenting, tracing the scenes of scriptural history on the vast sandy plains, desert mountains and along the shores of the Dead Sea, the halt at the city of Suez, and the ascent of Mt. Horeb and Mt. Sinai, where during the night Mr. Oglesby read and committed to memory the ten commandments, and with a companion repeated them on the top of Mt. Sinai, as the sun was rising over the mountains of Arabia and the wilderness where the children of Israel wandered for forty years. His journal describes the scene, as the light burst upon the barren plains and rock-riven peaks of the terrible desert, as one of surpassing splendor. There was also a visit to the city of Petra, and Aaron’s tomb on Mt. Hor. The dangers encountered on this journey were the simoom, which overtook them oneday and night, during which their suffering was terrible, and the ugly threats and violent demonstra- tions of the wild Bedouins. At Hebron the weary travelers took horses for Jerusalem, where they arrived May the first, having accomplished a tedious and perilous journey in forty days from Cairo. During his stay in Jerusalem Mr. Oglesby visited all vil- lages and places of scriptural interest near the city and studied with care and reverence the history of these holy places. After his final departure from Jerusalem, he traveled over the plain of Esdraelon, by Mt. Carmel, Nazareth, Mt. Tabor, the Sea of Galilee, which, he says, was one of the few places that looked as he thought it would ; Magdala, Capernaum, by the waters of Merone and snow-capped Hennon. Late in May they reached the three streams that form the source of the Jordan, which they found clear and of icy coldness. The next day they visited Cresarea Philippi ; from there, their des- tination was Damascus, where they spent two weeks sight-seeing, and once more enjoyed the comforts of civilization, good coffee, and baths. From Damascus they set out for Beyroot, halting on the way between Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon, to see the wonderful temple of Baalbeck and the town of Jebel . Arriving in Beyroot, three days later Mr. Oglesby sailed for Constantinople, landing after a voyage of eight days, having stopped at several ports ; among them Smyrna and Rhodes. After five days spent in Constantinople, he sailed for Athens; two weeks were spent in this classic city, when he took ship on his last voyage on the Mediterranean for Naples; from there he visited Rome, Florence, Milan, Venice, and other famous Italian cities ; crossing the Alps by the St. Gothard’s Pass, he returned through Switzerland and the Rhinish States to Berlin, where, after a brief stay, he passed through Northern Ger- many to Holland, visiting the important cities. Returning to Paris he stayed four weeks, visiting every place of interest in that gay capital, when he went to London, from whence he left for Ports- mouth, where he sailed for America, landing in New York Decem- ber, 1857. A foreign trip at this time, so extended as Mr. Oglesby’s, was unusual ; and led, through the interest of his friends to a series of lectures, given from his carefully kept journal, during his stay abroad. These lectures are said to have possessed great interest by those who were fortunate enough to hear them, and he is often, even yet, earnestly entreated to lecture again on the same subject. At the time of the great contest between Lincoln and Douglas, in 1858, Mr. Oglesby became the Republican candidate for Congress in the Congressional district as then arranged. But, unhappily for his rising ambition, the district had been created to return a Demo- cratic majority, and the Hon. James C. Robinson went to Congress while Mr. Oglesby still continued to practice law. In 1860 Mr. Oglesby was requested by the Republican party to become a candi- date for the State Senate, and, though the district had before been largely Democratic, was elected in November at the same time that Mr. Lincoln was elected President of the United States. He served one term in the senate, but in 1861 was elected Colonel of the eighth RegimentofUlinois Volunteers, and resigned his seat to go to the field as a soldier in the great civil war. It is not deemed necessary to reproduce the stirring events of that fearful struggle. Mr. Oglesby served for one year as Colonel and led the right of Gen. Grant’s army in his advance on Fort Donelson, and was on the field of battle for three days in attacking that rebel stronghold, which finally yielded, with its fourteen thousand prisoners, after a severe battle on the fourteenth of February, 1862. This was the first substantial union victory up to that time. In 1861 Colonel Oglesby had been appointed by President Lincoln Brigadier General for gallantry at the battle of Fort Donelson, taking rank as such from April the first, 1862. In the autumn of 1862, the great battle of Corinth was fought, on the third and fourth days of October. Gen. Oglesby 129 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. commanded a brigade in that fight, and on the afternoon of the first day fell upon the field of battle, as was then thought, mortally wounded, the ball having passed under the left arm, through the lungs and lodged near his spine. He passed six months of intense suffering and danger before he was able to leave his home, and still carries in his body the enemy’s ball which brought him so near the gates of death. On his recovery in April, 1863, he was promoted to the rank of Major-General of Volunteers, by appointment of Presi- dent Lincoln, to rank as such from the twenty-ninth of November, 1862. Still suffering from his wound, although on duty in the field, he tendered his resignation in July, 1863; but it was not accepted. He was, however, granted a leave of absence and returned home, where he was detailed as president of a general court-martial which sat in Washington from December, 1863, until May, 1864. Upon Gen. Oglesby’s return to Illinois in this year, he was unanimously nominated as the Republican candidate for Governor, and although the state had gone democratic at the last election, was elected by thirty-one thousand majority. On his nomination for Governor on May 25th, 1864, the Presi- dent accepted his resignation as Major-General, and he left the field of active hostilities, for which his severe wound had long unfitted him, to enter the arena of political life, where at that time the strife was as bitter as in the fields of war. Gov. Oglesby is spoken of by the journals of that time as “ a liberal-hearted administrator of the high and sacred trust imposed upon him as the official head of a great commonwealth “ showing himself eminently faithful, competent and able ; combining in an admirable degree the qualities of a very man among men.” The Chicago Tribune of January 18th, 1865, says of his inaugural : “ The address is a manly, straight-forward document, devoid of pretension, replete with common sense, and admirably written. It clearly proclaims that the same nerve, the same intelligence and the patriotism which marked Gen. Oglesby’s conduct at Donel- son and Corinth will distinguish his administration as Gover- nor.” Being at Washington when that awful national calamity, the assassination of President Lincoln occurred, it was Gov. Oglesby’s painful privilege to be present at the bedside of his beloved friend, within an hour after the fatal shot was given ; he watched over him until the end, and saw him yield up his noble life in the cause of the country he loved and served so well. Afterward he remained close beside the precious remains, following in the mournful journey back to Illinois, until they were placed in the silent tomb amid the lamentations of a great nation. 17 Gov. Oglesby was made president of the National Lincoln Monu- ment Association organized May 11th, 1865, which labored so assidu- ously until it obtained the means to erect to the martyred president an enduring memorial worthy to mark his last resting-place, and hold the ashes of this noble man sacred. This stately monument was so far completed that it was formally dedicated, and the beautiful statue of Lincoln unveiled, October loth, 1874. The Springfield Journal says : “ There seems a peculiar propriety that Lincoln’s ardent friend and admirer, the eloquent and sympathetic Oglesby, should deliver the oration, and that the President and the cabinet should lend dignity by their presence to an occasion which will soon become historic.” Gov. Oglesby was regarded by the returning regiments of soldiers with the warmest affection; his generous “ soldier heart” responded to every demand for assistance or sympathy coming from a man in federal blue. He was ever solicitous for the welfare of all military organizations, and every individual soldier embraced therein. At the end of his first term he retired to private life ; but again, in 1872, his party required his services, and he was nominated and again elected governor in November of that year by forty-one thousand majority. On the tenth day after his inaugural he was chosen by the legislature United States Senator for the term of six years, from March fourth, 1873. Senator Oglesby was as cordially admired and respected in the senate as in the other public positions he had occupied so honor- ably. He was an earnest and industrious member, and his un- blemished integrity and honesty of qmrpose won for him the highest regard and respect from his brother senators. “ With proper modesty and fearlessness, he bore himself always as became a republican senator, proud of the noble state he repre- sented ;” and his public career was honorably closed by the expira- tion of his senatorial term on the fourth of March, 1879. He is in private life the same sound and unswerving republican he has ever been — the same patriot, — and has the same high sense of public honor which ought to fill the breast of every man who ac- cepts the public confidence. The fidelity, courage and honesty of purpose with which Richard J. Oglesby has served his country whenever her cause has been intrusted to his hands, certainly pro- claims him worthy to bear the motto of his Scottish ancestors: “ PRO PATRIA.” He has been twice married ; first, in 1859, to Anna E., daughter of Joseph White, of Decatur ; and afterwards, in 1873, to Emma, daughter of John D. Gillett, of Elkhart. He has children by b®th marriages. 130 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Among the many able men who have been connected with the Macon county bar none have reflected upon it, greater honor for legal learning or judicial talent, than Arthur J. Gallagher, whose death occurred in June, 1879. He was born at Strabaue in the county of Tyrone, North of Ireland, on the 2d of May, 1828. He was the youngest of eight children, of whom, seven were sons and one a daughter. When he was about a year old his father came to America and settled in the city of Philadelphia. His mother died when he was five years old. He lived in Philadelphia till he was twelve. He then came West with an older brother, who established himself in the dry goods business in St. Louis. He soon afterward went to live on a farm in Illinois below St- Louis, and was also employed for a short time in a store in that part of the state. Having but little liking for life on the farm he returned to St. Louis, and for several years was a student at St. Joseph’s college, where he secured a thorough education. He had previously enjoyed good school advantages in Philadelphia. He was possessed of a naturally bright and strong mind, and learned with great rapidity. He was unusually fond of reading, and as a boy, read many books, thus acquiring a mass of valuable information which a good memory enabled him to retain in after years. At St. Joseph’s college he studied the classic languages, and also became well acquainted with the French and German. On the breaking out of the Mexican war in 1846, though then only eighteen 'years of age, he enlisted in the second regiment Illinois volunteers, commanded by Colonel Bissel, afterward gover- nor of the state. His time of enlistment was one year, but he served fourteen months. He was at the battle of Buena Vista. After returning from the army he began the study of law at Belle- ville, in the office of Judge Underwood. He devoted his attention to his legal studies with great assiduity. Another young man was his companion in Judge Underwood’s office, and it is said that for a period of six months they spent nineteen hours a day in legal study. His clear intellectual perceptions enabled him to learn easily, and he made rapid progress in preparing himself for the bar. He was admitted to practice af Belleville. In 1848 he removed to Vandalia and opened a law office. He made satisfac- tory progress in his profession, and was fortunate in securing several valuable friends, who remained steadfast in their attachment through life. In 1852 he was elected to the legislature from Fayette county. He also filled the position of Register of the United States Land Office at Vandalia, by the appointment of President Pierce. In the year 1854 he removed to Chicago and began the practice of law in that city. After remaining there about six months he accepted the offer of a partnership with Richard J. Oglesby and Sheridan Wait, and came to Decatur where the law firm of Oglesby, Wait and Gallagher was established. He was a young man of twenty-seven when he became connected with the Macon county bar. Although gifted with brilliant talents and possessed of a HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 131 mind of great natural vigor, he by no means disdained the results which came from close labor and assiduous study. He devoted great attention to the preparation of his cases, and was accustomed to devote long and uninterrupted hours to patient reading and in- vestigation. It was only a question of time as to when this course of application should bear its legitimate fruits, and by degrees he won for himself a conspicuous position at the bar. During the second year of the war of the rebellion in 1862, he raised a company of cavalry and offered his services to the govern- ment. His company was attached to the seventh Illinois regiment, commanded by Colonel William Pitt Kellogg, afterward governor of Louisiana. He remained in the army about a year. In 1869 the unanimous voice of the bar urged him to become a candidate for judge of the old sixteenth circuit. To this office he was elected without opposition. He was on the bench till 1873, when he re- sumed the practice of his profession. On the twenty-seventh of June, 1865, he was united in marriage to Miss Rachel Smith, daughter of the Hon. E. O. Smith, one of the early settlers of Macon county. One child, Arthur, was born of this marriage in November, 1870. In politics Judge Gallagher, previous to the war, acted with the democratic party. He subsequently became an earnest republican, and was consistent and devoted in his sup- port of the principles of that organization. His death occurred suddenly of heart disease at his office on the afternoon of the twenty-third of June, 1874. The news of his death occasioned universal regret. It was every- where felt that Decatur had lost a distinguished citizen, and the Macon county bar its brightest ornament. His remains now repose in Greenwood Cemetery, and his last resting place is marked by a monument of Scotch granite, twenty-two feet in height, on which is the following inscription : “ Sacred to the memory of ARTHUR J. GALLAGHER. Born May 2d, 1828. Died June 23d, 1879. A soldier in the Mexican War in 1846- A Captain of Cavalry in the War of the Rebellion in 1861. Without opposition, elected Circuit Judge of the Sixteenth Judicial Cir- cuit in 1867. He never failed a friend in time of need, and was regarded as a sure dependence by the unfortunate.” Of Judge Gallagher’s qualities of head and heart too much cau not be said in praise. He possessed that rare combination of in- tellectual qualities which, when united with habits of close appli- cation, makes the able lawyer. AVhen he first came to the bar his remarkable clearness and grasp of mind attracted the attention of older lawyers, who predicted for him great success. His industry in mastering the learning of the profession was untiring. He was sensitive to defeat, and profited by his mistakes. His success rested on pure intellectual power and thorough ability as a lawyer. He was not eloquent or fluent in speech, though few lawyers could address either the court or jury more effectively. He was logical and clear in statement, and his appeals were made to the reason rather than to sentiment or feeling. His conduct toward his bi-other lawyers was marked by kindness and courtesy, and he was especially considerate toward the younger members of the profes- sion. He treated his opponents with fairness and honor. It is said that an unkind word or criticism upon a brother lawyer was never heard to fall from his lips. A just estimate of his character as a lawyer was given by his successor on the bench of the sixteenth circuit in some remarks made on the occasion of the presentation of some resolutions to the Cir- cuit Court, relative to Judge Gallagher’s death : “ As a lawyer it is not hazarding too much to say that he. was the peer of any lawyer in the state. With a marvellously clear and comprehensive mind, habits of industry, a large and varied practice involving great interests, he rose rapidly to a just and honorable distinction in his profession until at last he stood among the fore- most of its known and recognized masters. The law was to him a goddess at whose shrine he constantly worshiped with the most un- relenting devotion. Here he drank deeply and freely from the fountains of learning and wisdom of the ages, until his mind be- came a storehouse filled with the ripest knowledge of his profes- sion, from which he might always draw without stint, and to the advantage of those he sought to instruct. He was never boisterous or rude to his antagonist or the court. Conscious of his strength and power he was dignified and courteous in his intercourse with all men. Brave and determined in all things as Jove, he was yet modest and gentle as a woman. In nothing did his high character as a lawyer appear more clearly than in his sincere and honest purpose to be a faithful and correct adviser of the court.” “ After winning the rewards, distinctions and honors of his pro- fession as a lawyer, he was called to the bench by the almost unani- mous voice of his district, to discharge the more arduous and responsible duties of a judge. Here it was that he justified the partiality and discernment of his friends. Every trait of his cha- racter and his education were but so many arguments in favor of his fitness for the bench. He brought to the discharge of the duties of his office the learning and experience which a large and varied practice had given him. He loved justice and right, and hated all wrong, fraud and injustice with a perfect mind. He carried to the bench that same gentle and patient quality of heart and mind, which had distinguished him at the bar above his brethren. His face was as immovable on the bench as the sphinx. No lawyer could ever tell from any manifestations of his while hearing an argument what the judgment would be. He had that rare quality of listening patiently and quietly to what was said, and determining at once between plausible error and naked truth. No man ever sat upon the bench who was more justly beloved by the bar and the people than Judge Gallagher, nor more deeply mourned by those who knew him best.” It is not alone for his distinguished ability as a jurist that Judge Gallagher’s memory is worthy of preservation. He was a useful citizen and a firm believer in the rigid maintenance of law and order. He was an earnest patriot. He was a soldier of two wars, and proved his bravery on the field of battle. He was a respecter of sacred things, a believer in a Higher Power, and two or three incidents in his own life led him to think that a special supervision is exerted to preserve individuals from danger. Once in St. Louis when a boy an act of courtesy to some elderly people, prevented him from taking a ferry-boat on which otherwise he would have been a passenger. From the landing he saw the departing boat blown to fragments in mid stream. Again, in Mexico a slight cir- cumstance intervened to save himself and a comrade from assas- sination. These incidents made a strong impression on his mind. Though much away from home and exposed to the danger of travel he was without the slightest fear of injury from any casualty. To his family he was a tender and loving husband and a kind father. He had warm and devoted friends. He maintained such admira- ble discipline over his feelings that he never offended, by a hasty or careless word, or gave a causeless wound. He was modest in his deportment, sincere in his actions, warm in his attachments and true in his friendships. 132 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. DR. WILLIAM J. CHEKOWETH. Among the physicians of this part of the state who have won distinction in the practice of their profession, Dr. William J. Chenoweth, of Decatur, stands among the foremost. He is descend- ed from one of the earliest pioneer families of Kentucky. Two brothers by the name of Chenoweth emigrated from Wales to America and settled, one in Maryland, and one in Virginia. Dr. Chenoweth belonged to the Virginia branch of the family. Rich- ard Chenoweth, his great-grandfather, accompanied General George Rogers Clark on his expedition down the Ohio river in the year 1778. Several members of the expedition, amoug whom was Richard Chenoweth, with their families stopped on an island at the Falls of the Ohio, near the present city of Louisville. They were unable to cultivate any crops on the main-land by reason of the In- dians, and so planted corn on the island which is still known as Corn Island. This corn is said to have been the first ever planted in Kentucky. It was only a short time previous that Boone had made the first settlement in the state. Richard Chenoweth built a cabin on Corn Island. He was a carpenter by trade, and was employed by the government to build a fort where now stands the city of Louisville. He received his pay in the old Continental money in use during the period of the Revolution, which proved to be of little value as a purchasing medium, though it was abundant in quantity. James Chenoweth, Dr. Chenoweth’s grandfather, was five years old on the settlement of the family in Kentucky. Subsequently the Chenoweth’s moved to Middletown, twelve miles from the river, where they bore their full share of the Indian troubles. James Chenoweth, when he was eleven years old, was wounded in the hip- joint by an Indian’s arrow, which was not extracted till nine years afterward. In the year 1791 their cabin was attacked and de- stroyed, and several members of the family massacred. Dr. Cheno- weth’s great-grandmother was scalped. Several of her children were killed. The sleeping infant was overlooked, and escaped un- harmed. His grandfather was struck by a tomahawk ; the blow fractured his skull, but he recovered without the aid of a surgeon, though till the day of his death, which took place when past his seventieth year, he carried the marks of the wound. He married a grand-daughter of James Harrod, famous as one of the bravest of the early Kentucky pioneers, who is said to have built the first cabin ever erected in Kentucky. John S. Chenoweth, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Shelby County, Kentucky in the year 1803. He married at Lexington, Kentucky, Elizabeth Ross, daughter of Captain Ross, a Scotchman by birth, at one time an officer in the British service, and a man of ability and social rank at Lexington. JohnS. Cheno- weth was a man of great natural ability, and carried on the mer- cantile business at Louisville, and afterwards at Cincinnati. Dur- ing the last years of his life he resided at Maysville, Kentucky, and died at St. Louis in 1866. The little town of Greensburg in Green county, Kentucky, was the birth-place of Dr. Chenoweth. He was born on the first day of December, 1823. Shortly afterward his parents moved to Harrods- burg, where he lived till twelve years of age, and obtained the rudi- mentary part of his education ; his father then removed to Louisville. He entered Augusta College in 1837. and graduated in 1841. After leaving school he entered the store which his father was carrying on at Louisville, and afterward was employed in the same manner at Cincinnati. After attaining his majority he acquired an interest in the store. On the nineteenth of May, 1846, he married Miss America Leforgee of Fleming county, Kentucky, daughter of Ayres Leforgee, who was of French Huguenot descent, and removed to Kentucky from Pennsylvania. Dr. Chenoweth’s wife’s father is still living in Kentucky in his eighty-sixth year. He began his medical studies while in Cincinnati, attending lec- tures at the Ohio Medical College during the winter of 1849-50. As was almost universally the custom of those days, he began prac- tice after attending his first course of lectures, locating at Fleming county, Kentucky, in March, 1850. He subsequently attended a second course of lectures at the LTniversity of Louisville, from which he was graduated in March, 1853. The same year he left Kentucky with the intention of making his home in Texas, but found that his sentiments on the subject of slavery differed greatly from the views entertained by the great mass of the people of that section, and concluded that he would prefer to make his home in a free state. Accordingly in May, 1854, he came to Decatur, then a town of five or six hundred inhabitants, with two railroads, just reaching completion, and supposed to have a great future be- fore it. He at once established himself in practice at Decatur, which has been his home ever since. In September, 1861, during the war of the rebellion, he was com- missioned as surgeon of the Thirty-fifth Illinois regiment, and served in Missouri, Arkansas, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Alabama. He took part in the battles of Pea Ridge and Perry ville. He resigned in December, 1862, and returned to Decatur to resume his professional practice. In his early life he was a member of the Democratic party. Though born and raised in a slave state, he held liberal views on the subject of slavery. He favored the colonization of the negroes and the gradual extinction of a system which he believed to be injurious to the best interests of the south. Previous to the war he belonged to the Douglas branch of the Democratic party, and from the position of a strong war Democrat during the rebellion, he logically found his way into the Republican party, with which he has since acted. Helias been connected with the Methodist church, though his views on many theological points differ materially from the doctrine maintained by the Methodist denomination. He has two children, Dr. Cassidy Chenoweth, and Eliza, wife of R. H. Piper. From the start Dr. Chenoweth has maintained a leading position among the physicians of Decatur. His specialties have been surgery, and female diseases. For many years he was a part- ner of Dr. S. T. Trowbridge, then the leading surgeon in this part of the state, and has since had a large practice in surgery, in the course of which he has performed some of the most difficult opera- tions known to this department of the healing art. It is sometimes said, that no man does anything well unless in love with his work. Dr. Chenoweth’s great liking for his profession may account in some measure for his success. He has been an enthusiastic student, and among the first to take advantage of the latest reliable results of pro- gressive medical science. In all matters concerning his profession he has taken a deep interest. To him, in connection with Dr. A. R. Small, is principally due the passage of the law of 1877, to regulate the practice of medicine in the state of Illinois, admitting to practice only graduates of medical colleges, physicians of ten years standing, and those capable of passing an examination before a state board of examiners. His attention was called to the subject from the perusal of a similar provision in the laws of California. Other physicians became interested in the measure, and its passage was finally secured. With a strong and vigorous mind, a sound and well-balanced judgment, and an impulsive and earnest nature, he has not only been successful as a physician, but had he chosen, could have won distinction in other fields. His management of a paper, which he published for a year at Decatur, showed marked literary ability. On the few occasions on which he has addressed * HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 133 public assemblies, lie has displayed an excellent command of language, and a strong, earnest and effective style as a public speaker. He has been one of the public-spirited citizens of Decatur, an advocate of improvement, and in all the relations of life has sustained the reputation of an honorable man. DR. CASSIDY CHENOWETH Wiio for the last five years has been a partner of his father, in the practice of medicine, was born on the twenty-eighth of March, 1848. His education was obtained in the common schools of Decatur. He began the stud^ of medicine at the age of fourteen. He entered Rush Medical College at Chicago, in the fall of 1867, and graduated in the spring of 1869. When he received his diploma, he was not quite twenty-one years of age. He began practice at Decatur, and in August, 1875, went into partnership with his father. Part of the year 1874 he spent in England, en- gaged in professional studies in different hospitals in the city of Loudon. He was married on the first day of November, 1870, to Miss Hattie M. Honn of Chicago. He is an aggressive Republican in politics. JOHN K. WARREN. Mr. Warren is a native of the city of Philadelphia, and was born on the tenth of August, 1834. His father was Josiah Warren, and his mother’s name, before marriage, Ann Reynolds. On his father’s side his ancestors were English, and on his mother’s Scotch-Irish. He was raised in Philadelphia. He attended the preparatory academy, preliminary to entering the college at Princeton, New Jersey, but ill health compelled the abandonment of a collegiate course of study. He engaged in agricultural pursuits for four or five years at Bristol, Bucks county, Pennsylvania. Believing that the west would relieve him of the asthma, with which he was afflict- ed, he came to Chicago in the year 1855, intending to locate in that city. Finding no improvement resulting from the change, he de- termined to go south, and, passing down the Illinois central rail- road, then just completed, he stopped over night at Decatur. He awoke in the morning to find himself free from asthma, for the first time in many months ; and this circumstance induced him to settle in Macon county. Within a week he purchased a tract of land three miles north-east of Decatur, and returned in the spring of 1856, accompanied by his mother, since deceased, and began farm- ing. In 1858 he became a resident of Decatur, and has since been closely connected with its business interests. He entered into the real estate and insurance business in 1859. From 1863 to 1866, the late Henry B. Durfee was his partner ; and since 1865, he has been in partnership with B. K. Durfee under the firm name of Warren & Durfee. The firm of Durfee, Warren & Co., as it was formerly known, prepared the first set of abstracts of titles ever used in Macon county, and were the pioneers of copyright as applied to abstracts of titles in the United States. From 1873 to 1878, Mr. Warren spent the greater part of his time in California and Texas, seeking in a change of climate a cure for the asthma, which had returned in a complicated form. The change proved to be a very successful one for his health. With the railroad interests of Decatur he has had much to do. He recognized the fact that the prosperity of the place depended largely on its railroad connections, and from 1867 to 1872 was ac- tively engaged in securing new lines to important points. He was connected with the Pekin, Lincoln and Decatur (now the Peoria, Decatur and Evansville) road from the first inception of the enter- prise till the road was completed and trains ran into Decatur. With the Indiana and Illinois Central Railway, originally organ- ized in 1853, (now the Indianapolis, Decatur and Springfield,) he was associated as President from 1868 to 1871. He succeeded in overcoming the obstacles which had long stood in the way of the building of the road, a most difficult and trying undertaking, and secured such a reorganization of the company as resulted in the eventual building of the line. In 1868 he took a leading part in the establishment of gas works. These efforts resulted in the organ- ization of the Decatur Gas Light and Coke Company, of which he is now the president. He was married in May, 1866, to Emma Powers, a native of Decatur. In his politics he comes from a line of whig ancestors. He, himself, has been a republican since the formation of that party. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church. He was elected mayor of the city of Decatur in 1867, and has filled other offices of trust and honor. His name merits mention in this work as one of the most public-spirited citizens of Macon county. J. W. BUTMAN. J. W. Butman, the superintendent of the Decatur Gas Light and Coke company, is a native of the state of Massachusetts. He was born at the village of Middlesex, two miles from Lowell, on the thirty-first of January, 1823. His ancestors were of English origin. His father was named Jonathan Butman, and his mother’s name before marriage was Amy W. Shattuck. Mr. Butman was the third of a family of seven children. He lived in Middlesex till he was ten years of age, and then the family moved to Lowell, where they resided three or four years. From Lowell they went to Sax- onville, where occurred the death of his father. The subject of this sketch had good opportunities for obtaining an education, attending school quite regularly, until he was sixteen years old. The school system of Massachusetts compared favorably with that of any state in the Union, but still the opportunities for acquiring an education in Mr. Butman’s boyhood were scanty in contrast with those of the present time. As was the custom with boys generally in the manu- facturing districts of the New England states, who were anxious to earn their own livelihood, at the age of sixteen he found employ- ment in a woolen factory. This was his occupation for several years. On the first of May, 1845, he married Lucinda Parmenter, who was born at Sudbury, Massachusetts. Determining to make his home in the West, in the year 1855 he left Massachusetts and settled at Wyocena, Wisconsin. He resided there till 1871, when he became resident of Decatur. On coming to Decatur he took charge of the gas works as superintendent, and has held the same position ever since. In connection with his duties as superintendent of the gas works for a couple of years, he carried on a gas-fitting establishment, but his time has since been wholly employed in look- ing after the interests of the gas company. He has made an effi- cient superintendent. In his political principles he was at first a member of the old Whig party, with which he voted in the days when Whigs and Democrats appealed to the voters of the country for their support. When the Whig organization dissolved he became a Republican, voted for Fremont in 1856, and has been a member of the Republican party from that time to the present. He has taken an active and intelligent interest in the affairs of Decatur, and has served two terms as a member of the City Coun- cil. He was first elected in 1874, served two years, and was again elected in 1878. Both terms he represented the Fourth ward, the place of his residence. He has especially been a warm friend of the fire department, and has done everything in his power to con- tribute to the efficiency of the different companies. 134 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. Dr. Ira B. Curtis, one of the old residents of Decatur, is a native of Delaware county, Ohio. The family from which he is descended settled in Connecticut previous to the Revolutionary war. His father, Carlos Curtis, was born at Newtown, Fairfield county, Connecticut, on the twenty-ninth of September, 1786. His mother, whose maiden name was Mary Sample, was a native of the same place. Their marriage took place on the twentieth of September, 1807. In the year 1811 his father moved with the family from Connecticut to Delaware county, Ohio. They made a settlement in the wilderness. The nearest house was twenty -five miles distant. The country was still inhabited by the Indians who, however, a few years afterward, gave way before the encroachments of the white settlers, and moved farther west. His father improved a farm, on which all his children were born, and which was his home till his removal to Illinois in the year 1835. On coming to this state he lived one year on the Round Prairie, near Springfield. In 1836 he entered land in Coles county, south of Oakland, which he improved, and on which he lived till his death on the eighth of January, 1844. The subject of this sketch was born on the eighteenth of October, 1823. The part of Ohio in which his early boyhood was spent had by that time become well settled. The schools which he attended were much the same as those common in that state half a century ago. It was the custom to go to school about three months in the winter season. The school-house was a log building, with a log left out along the sides to admit the light. This opening was the only window. The course of instruction was poor and limited in contrast with that of the present day. The teachers, in harmony with the surroundings, were old-fashioned in their methods, and believed in wielding the rod liberally as the one great requisite to success. The main branches were taught. These backwoods schools, rude and unpretending as they were, furnished the early intellectual training of many of the distinguished men Ohio has since produced. Dr. Curtis was twelve years old when he came with his father to this state. He went to school a short time in Sangamon county, and after removing to Coles county attended a school at Oakland, doing chores nights and mornings for his board. Coles county, at the time the family made it their home, was in a backward state, and the settlers had few of the conveniences of life. Flour was a rare thing to see. The people most of the time lived on corn meal, all the grinding being done by horse-power ; each took his own horse and harness, and waited for his turn ; sometimes traveling a long distance, and then waiting twelve and twenty-four hours, all day and all night. Wheat was hauled to Chicago, one hundred and eighty miles, and marketed at eighty-five cents a bushel. On one trip to Chicago he came home all the way at an expense of only twenty- five cents. With the proceeds of his sales his father had told him to buy so much sugar, so much salt, and so many nails ; and when he had completed these purchases he found he only had twenty-five cents remaining. He did not like to ask the merchant to take back part of the goods ; he already had feed for his horses, so he invested the solitary quarter in corn meal and bacon, camped out over night along the roads, and made an economical trip back to Coles county. When he was about seventeen his father gave him permission to leave home and make his way in the world on his own account. It was one day late in November when he quit the paternal roof. Very few of this world’s goods were in his possession. Although the weather was cold and wintry, he was clad in an old pair of linen pants, stogey shoes, and a hat adapted rather for summer than win- ter wear. Twenty-five cents was his whole cash capital. This may seem a small sum, but it must be remembered that in those days HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 135 ready money was scarce. It is probable that the whole of the cash then in Macon county would have amounted to no more than a few hundred dollars. He set out for Decatur, where he had a sister living — the wife of Kirby Benedict, then a practicing lawyer at the Macon county bar, and who afterward died in New Mexico, where for a number of years he was chief justice of the territorial courts. He made the distance from Coles county to Decatur on foot, lived that winter with his sister, and attended school in a frame building which stood on east William street. Among the members of his class were R. J. Oglesby, Henry Elliott and “ Doc.” Martin, all well-known to the old residents of Macon county This was the last school he ever attended. The next spring, that of the year 1842, he went back to Coles county to study Latin with a teacher who had charge of a school in the neighborhood of his home. He had increased his capital by this time to seventy-five cents, which by judicious management he made sufficient to pay the most of his -ftay back home on the stage line. The teacher whom he expected to become his instructor in Latin had been obliged to go home to visit his sick family, and meantime Dr. Curtis was employed to teach the school. He gave such satisfaction that the directors placed him in charge permanently, and he taught the school for nine months, in those days an unusually long term. During the winter he had between fifty and sixty pupils, some of whom were larger and older than himself. In thespring of 1843 lie returned to Decatur, and began the study of medicine with Dr. Joseph King. From his early boyhood he had taken a strong liking to the medical profession, and had determined to become a physician. After reading about a year and a-half, in an unusually sickly season when malarial diseases prevailed to a great extent, he began practice in connection with his preceptor. He attended a large number of cases without losing a single one. In those days the diseases were usually of a simple character, and readily yielded to treatment. In the fall of 1846 he entered the ✓ University of Missouri at St. Louis, better known as the old McDowell Medical College. Having no means, he obtained his tickets for lectures on time. After attending the first course of lectures he returned to Decatur and went into partnership with Dr. King, but went back to St. Louis in the fall of 1848, attended his second course of lectures, and graduated in the spring of 1849. After his graduation he determined on locating at Taylorville, Christian county, which was then thought by many to offer better prospects for future growth than Decatur. He began practice at Taylorville in June, 1849. On July the tenth, of the same year, he married Jane Butler, daughter of William Butler, of Decatur. She was born in Kentucky in the year 1825, and was six years old when her father came to this state and settled at Decatur. Her father was a man of some education, had taught school in his early years, and was one of the first justices of the peace at Decatur. Dr. Curtis practiced medicine at Taylorville seven years. He had plenty to do, and led a hard and laborious life, traveling night and day, sometimes visiting localities thirty or thirty-five miles distant from home. The charges in those days were twenty-five cents a mile — one-fourth of the jmesent price — and at these low charges he occa- sionally booked forty and fifty dollars a day. The country was thinly settled, the streams had no bridges, the roads were bad, and a physi- cian with a large practice was obliged to undergo much hardship. After living at Taylorville till April, 1856, he concluded to come back to Decatur, which by that time had become a railroad town, with every prospect of a rapid and important growth. For one year he was a partner with Dr. W. J. Chenoweth. He was in active practice at the beginning of the war of the Rebellion. In February, 1862, at the request of Gov. Yates he went to the front to assist iu caring for the Illinois soldiers who had been wounded at the storming of Fort Donelson, and he afterward rendered like service at Cairo. After the battle of Shiloh in April, 1862, he again responded to a request from Gov. Yates, and went to Mound City, where the hospitals were crowded with the wounded brought from the Shiloh battle-field. After Dr. Gray, a former partner of his at Decatur, who as surgeon had charge of one of the hospitals, became sick and unable to attend to his duties, Dr. Curtis was put in his place. A thousand wounded soldiers were under his charge. The number of assistant surgeons was deficient, and work pressed on him so hard that for a period of ten days he had not more than a couple of hours out of the twenty-four in which to catch a little sleep. The exertion was beyond the possibilities of human endurance, and iu consequence he was seized with paralysis paraplegia. He was unable at once to get relieved, and while suffering with the disease, lay in bed for a week directing the affairs of the hospital. After returning home his life was still further endangered by the mistake of a druggist who prepared a preparation of corrosive sublimate in place of a harmless drug which had been prescribed. The five physicians in attendance told him that death would certainly ensue within a few hours, but he himself had every confidence that he would recover — and so he did. He gradually became better, and his health was finally restored with the exception of the paralysis of the lower limbs. The exertions and anxiety of Mrs. Curtis during her husband’s illness were largely the cause of her deafness and blindness, to which she became subject several years afterward. His physical condition, resulting from the paralysis, unfitting him for the active practice of his profession, in the fall of 1863 he was the Republican candidate for county treasurer, to which position he was elected in the face of a large previous Democratic majority, and against William Cantrell, a popular man, and then known as the “ wheel horse of the Democracy.” He was county treasurer for six years, or three successive terms. He subsequently made a special study of the eye and ear, and undertook the practice of that department of medicine. Since 1877 he has filled the office of jus- tice of the peace, and has transacted a considerable part of the magistrate’s business in Decatur. He has had five children. Three are now living : Lamar L. Curtis, born April twentieth, 1850; Otto E- Curtis, born February ninth, 1853; and Frank Curtis, whose birth occurred October thirtieth, 1858. The oldest is yard-master at Decatur for the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific railroad company, and the two others are in the jewelry business at Decatur. Dr. Curtis in early life allied himself with the old Whig party, and he cast his first vote in one of the most exciting and enthusiastic campaigns this country has ever known, that of 1840, when the Whigs elected Harrison. At that time he had not yet attained his majority, but it was a common custom in those days for young men to vote previous to their com- ing of age. He voted for Clay four years afterward. In 1856 he became a Republican, voted for Gen. Fremont, the first Republican presidential candidate, and has since been a strong and steadfast member of the Republican party. He is a man who has made his way through life by his own energy. He had only his own talents and industry to rely on when he began his career, and previous to the misfortune that befel him in the prime of life, had made an unusually successful record. While his present condition must of necessity deprive him of much pleasure and many opportunities for the advancement of his own interests, still it must be some satisfac- tion to a patriotic mind to know that the injury was incurred in the service of his country and in the discharge of the most sacred duty that can fall to the lot of any physician — the care of her soldiers who were wounded on the field of battle in defence of her honor. 136 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. The present circuit clerk of Macon county, was born in Franklin county, Pennsylvania, in October, 1818. His parents, Andrew McClellan and Jane Thompson, were natives of Scotland. On coming to America they settled in Franklin county, Pa., and were married there. His father was a cooper by trade, but followed farming, and was the owner of a farm a mile from Shippensburg, on which Mr. McClellan was born. The subject of this biography was the next to the youngest of a family of five children. When he was nine or ten years old the family moved to within a mile ot Chambersburg, in the same county, in which town he received the principal part of his education, attending an academy in which the ordinary branches, together with Latin and Greek, were taught. He attended this academy about three years, and also went to school two years at Newville, in Cumberland county. In the year 1835, when Mr. McClellan was seventeen, his father moved with the family to Illinois. After remaining a few weeks at Beards- town, they moved to Springfield, where afterward both his father and mother died. He only staid in Springfield about six weeks, and then came to Decatur, where he obtained a situation as clerk in the store of William Cantrell & Co. He remembers Decatur at that time as a town of about three hundred inhabitants. There were three stores. The most of the buildings were log structures. He had learned surveying while at school in Pennsylvania, and after clerking in the store about two years, he undertook that business. He received the appointment of deputy county surveyor, and in 1838 was elected county surveyor. He held this office four years. In 1840 he was appointed deputy-sheriff. In the fall of 1842 he married Judith Snyder, a native of Oldham county, Ken- tucky, daughter of Henry Snyder, one of the early settlers of this part of the state, who located along the Okaw timber, then in Macon, but now in Moultrie county. Mr. McClellan was employed in va- rious ways up to 1851, when he became a clerk in the store of Jasper J. Peddecord, and afterward in the store of Samuel K. Thompson. In his politics he had originally been a Whig, assisting in the election of Harrison in the exciting campaign of 1840, and voting with the Whigs until the question of slavery caused a new division of parties. He was one of the early Republicans of Macon county, voting for Fremont in 1856. In the Fremont campaign the Republicans made him their candidate for sheriff of Macon county. He was successful in the race, though the Democrats carried the county and elected the remainder of their ticket. After the expiration of his term as sheriff he was employed in the store of Hugh Taylor till 1860, when he was elected city marshal of Decatur, a position which he held three years, or during the greater part of the war. During the war he was also appointed deputy U- S. provost-marshal, amd acted as such for two years. In the year 1864, as deputy to William L. Ham- mer, he entered the circuit clerk’s office. Having served as de- puty for four years, in 1868 he received the Republican nomination for circuit clerk and was elected. He was re-elected in 1872 and in 1876, and at this writing is again the Republican nominee for the office. He brought to the office of circuit clerk careful attention to its business, and the fact that he has been retained in the office so long attests the fidelity with which he has performed its duties and the satisfaction he has given the people of the county. Among the lawyers it is claimed that under his administration the records of the office are as well kept as those of any county in the state. He has had ten children, of whom eight are now living. He is now one of the oldest residents of Macon county, and has been identified with its interests for many years. Every position he has occupied has been filled with fidelity and ability. His personal traits of character and long residence in the county have made him many friends, and it may be said with truth that few better deserve popularity. % j HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 137 GEORGE D. HAWORTII. Was born in Clinton county, Ohio, on the 29th of November, 1893. His ancestors were English Quakers. James and Thomas Haworth came to America early in the eighteenth century. One settled in Pennsylvania, the other in Virginia. Both his grandfather and great- grandfather were born in Viginia. The former, whose name was Mah- lon Haworth, was one of the pioneer settlers of East Tennessee, and about the year 1800 removed to Clinton county, Ohio. His father, also named Mahlon Haworth, was born in that part of Ohio. His mother, Sarah J. Woolman, was a native of Clark county, Ohio, and related to John Woolman, the early Quaker preacher and active opponent of slavery. Her grandmother was a Newton, a daughter of Samuel Newton, who was a cousin of Sir Isaac Newton. The part of Ohio in which he was born and raised was well-settled and abounded in good schools. His boyhood was spent on a farm near Port William in Clinton county. In the public schools of the neighborhood he studied the branches usually taught, though his education is principally the result of much reading and habits of close observation in later years. At eighteen he made his first important venture in life on his own account. The discovery of gold in California had drawn great numbers of enterprising young men to the Pacific slope, and in the spiing of 1852, in company with his next oldest brother, Uriah E., he set out to try his fortune in the gold regions of the new El Do- rado. They w T ent by boat from Cincinnati to St. Joseph, Missouri and from the latter place started with a wagon train across the plains. All went well till they had traveled westward several hundred miles when his brother was taken seriously ill and he was obliged to return with him to St. Joseph, where he died. This un- fortunate incident put an end to his California trip, and he returned to Ohio. On his journey homeward through Illinois, the favorable impressions he received of the country induced his father to remove with his family to this state the following autumn — that of the year 1853. They settled on a farm near Mechaniesburg in Sangamon county. Mr. Haworth was then nearly twenty. Two citizens of Mechanics- burg had been experimenting for some time with the purpose of constructing a corn-planting machine, the need of which was greatly felt by farmers. From his early boyhood Mr. Haworth had manifested a taste for mechanical pursuits. He had made himself familiar with the working of various pieces of machinery, and, though he had never regularly learned the trade, was a good workman at the lighter kinds of blacksmithing. The gentlemen interested in getting up the corn-planter, Cyrus Correll and Dr. A. J. Randall, accordingly called on him for assistance. The experiments were carried on during the winter of 1853-4, and by the next spring two hundred corn-planters were ready for sale, the main features of which were Mr. Haworth’s invention. The machine was drawn by one horse, and the corn was dropped by means of a trigger. These were the first corn-planters ever placed on the market. Though crude and imperfect in comparison with those now made they worked successfully and were largely sold till finally superseded by the two horse planters. His attention having been attracted to the manufacture of labor-saving agricultural implements, he began to consider the feasibility of constructing corn harvesters and reaping machines. On account of the greater facilities for the manufacture of new machinery then existing in Ohio, he went to that State in 1857, and began work at Nenia. In July, 1857, he invented a corn harvester to be used for shocking corn. This machine had many excellent points about it, but its great expense prevented it from going into general use. From Xenia he went to Dayton. In 1858, he invented a combined reaper and corn harvester, a number of which were manufactured and sold. The machines worked well, but their construction on a successful scale required a large amount of capital, and for this reason they were never made extensively. He returned to this State in 1859. His next invention was a two horse corn-planter, the manufacture of which he began at Mechaniesburg, in 1860. In 1861, he manu- factured these machines at Decatur, to which place his father had removed in 1857, and then went to Springfield, where he was engaged in their manufacture till 1870, with John C. Lamb as his partner. The patents which he obtained are still used by other makers of corn-planters. While manufacturing the corn- planters, he had seen the necessity for some invention to regulate by machinery the dropping of the corn from the planter, and in 1866, began experimenting with a view of meeting this difficulty. These experiments resulted in the Haworth Check Rower, completed in 1869. This was the first Check Rower ever invented, and at once gave great satisfaction. In the fall of 1869, he formed a partnership with his father, Mahlon Haworth, and his brothers, L. L. and James W. Haworth, and began the manufacture of the check rowers. Three hundred (300) were sold during the season of 1870. The next year the sales increased to two thousand, and each succeeding year the demand has been greater. The Haworth manufacturing establishment is one of the features of Decatur, and has contributed largely to its celebrity as a manu- facturing centre. Both wire and rope Check Rowers are manufac- tured. Various improvements have been made since their first invention, and great care is taken in their construction in which only simple principles are involved. The great saving of time* labor and expense to the farmer has made their use very popular and during the last few seasons the number sold has been limited only by the capacity to manufacture them. His first marriage occurred at Springfield, in June, 1863, to Miss Kizzie McCandless, daughter of Robert McCandless. She was born near Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Her death took place in 1870. His present wife, to whom he was married on the 27th of December, 1876, was formerly Miss Mary E. Grunendike. She was born in Monroe county, New A’ork, near the city of Rochester. Her father, Capt. Reuben A. Grunendike, was a native of the same county, and removed to Illinois in 1861. Mrs. Haworth, previous to her marriage, was a very successful teacher in the schools of Decatur. Mr. Haworth has led the quiet life of a private citizen, and has never taken any active part in public affairs. He is, however, known as a man of the highest personal character and as a liberal and public-spirited citizen. While his genius for invention has brought him wealth he has used it with no illiberal hand. He has done his part toward giving Decatur a reputation as a city of fine residences, and both to private charities and public enterprises he has been a generous contributor. His views on religious subjects are liberal and pro- gressive, and differ somewhat from the doctrines maintained by the orthodox denominations. From his father, who was an early anti-slavery man, and was called an “abolitionist” in the days when that term was a synonym of unpopularity, he inherited views in opposition to slavery which attached him to the Republican party from its first foundation. Amid the cares of a busy life he has found time to indulge his natural tastes for literature. While he has never sought distinction nor cared to come into public promi- nence, his name deserves mention as one of that class who have been of the greatest benefit to the West in revolutionizing agricul- ture and placing in the hands of the tiller of the soil, instead of the slow and laborious implements of fifty years ago, machinery which enables one man to do the work of ten. 138 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Judge Anthony Thornton was bom in Bourbon county, Ken tucky, on the ninth of November, 1814. He is descended from an English family. His great-great-grandfather emigrated from Eng- land to Virginia. In Caroline county, of the Old Dominion, mem- bers of the family lived for two or three generations. His father, Anthony Thornton, was born in that county, was raised there, and married Mary Towles, a native of the same county, and also con- nected with an old Virginia family. In the year 1807, Judge Thornton’s father and grandfather removed from Virginia to Ken- tucky. The colony, including the members of the family and the negro servants, numbered in all ninety-nine persons On their arrival in Kentucky, they settled in Bourbon county, where his parents resided till their death. The early years of Judge Thornton’s life were spent in his native county. He first attended the common schools. At the age of fourteen or fifteen he was sent to a high school at Gallatin, Ten- nessee, where he remained two years. He then entered Centre College at Danville, Kentucky, and subsequently became a student in Miami University at Oxford, Ohio, from which he graduated in the fall of 1834. He studied law at Paris, Kentucky, in the office of an uncle, John R. Thornton, and was licensed]to practice by the Kentucky Court of Appeals before he was twenty-two. In October, 1836, he passed through Illinois, on his way to Missouri ; he in- tended to make his home in the latter state. Stopping at Shelby- ville, to visit some relatives, he concluded to give up his project of settling in Missouri and establish himself in the practice of the law at Shelbyville. In November, 1836, he opened an office. He was favored with success from the very start, and during the first year had as much business as he cared to attend to in the courts of Shelby and adjoining counties. In those days all the lawyers of any prominence traveled twice a year over the circuit. A com- pany of ten or fifteen generally made the round together, and their social habits commonly made the journey far from an unpleasant one. Law-books were scarce ; only a few text-books were in exist- ence, and the reports were meager in comparison with the great numbers which now crowd the shelves of every legal library. The young lawyer was in consequence compelled to thoroughly under- stand the principles of law and adapt his facts to them — a training which produced able and ready lawyers. Judge Thornton’s pro- gress was rapid. He soon obtained a high standing at the bar, and was usually retained in all cases of importance. He practiced by himself till 1858. He resided at Shelbyville till November, 1879, when he became a resident of Decatur. He is now a member of the law-firm of Thornton, Eldridge & Hostetler, at Decatur. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1848, which framed the second constitution of the State of Illinois. In 1850 he was elected a member of the Sixteenth General Assembly. At that time the questions connected with the building of railroads through the state assumed great importance, and Judge Thornton, though a whig, was sent to the legislature from a democratic dis- trict, as a warm friend of the railroads, and in favor of the state granting the lands given by the general government to build the Illinois Central Railroad to private individuals who should under- take the construction of the road, instead of the state itself. In 1862 he was elected a member of the constitutional convention which held its sessions in the winter of 1862-3. During the rebel- lion he occupied the position of a war-democrat, and in various speeches sustained the government in its efforts to break down the rebellion and preserve the Union. In the autumn of 1864 he was elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, and took his seat in March HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 139 1865, just as the war was being brought to a close. He was ap- pointed a member of the committee on claims, and performed much arduous labor, the committee being obliged to report on a vast number of claims presented immediately after the close of the war. He was renominated, but, though his election would have been beyond question, he declined becoming a candidate, preferring to practice his profession. He served on the supreme bench of Illinois from July, 1870, to June, 1873. During that period the supreme court had before it an immense amount of business, which required uninterrupted and laborious attention. Litigation was then at its height. The dockets were enormously large, and the position of supreme judge involved an immense amount of continuous labor. He resigned to resume his practice. It is scarcely necessary to speak of Judge Thornton’s character- istics as a lawyer, for his name has long been familiar to the bar of this state. His great industry has made him thoroughly acquainted with the learning of the law, and his natural abilities long since gave him a commanding position in his profession. A strong liking for legal work, and especially for the trial of a case in court, has made the practice of the law, to him, a pleasant and congenial occupation. He has great strength as an advocate. While on the supreme bench, he was regarded as one of its ablest members. He was first married, in 1850, to Mildred Thornton, who died in 1856. His marriage to Kate Smith, of Shelby county, occurred in 1866. He has had four children, of whom three are living. KILBURN H. ROBY, One of the oldest members of the Macon county bar, was born at Mont Vernon, in Hillsborough county, Yew Hampshire, on the 2d of September, 1837. The ancestors both of his father and mother were early settlers of Massachusetts, emigrating to that colony from England. Soon after the Revolutionary war his great-grand- father, John Roby, removed from Chelmsford, Massachusetts, to Hillsborough county, New Hampshire, then a wild and frontier country. Members of the family have resided in that part of New Hampshire ever since. John Roby, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was born in New Hampshire, where he lived till his death, at the age of eighty. He was a man of some pecu- liar traits of character, and had a remarkable memory. He could repeat from memory a great portion of the Bible. Mr. Roby’s father, Clinton Roby, was born in New Hampshire in 1808 ; in 1834 he married Miss Lois Harwood, who was born in the year 1811, in Hillsborough county, New Hampshire, and was descended from an old New England family of English origin, which had settled early in Massachusetts. A branch of the Harwood family removed to New Hampshire on the first settlement of that state. Kilburn H. Roby was the youngest of two children. The farm on which he was born was his home until he was twenty years of age. His education was principally obtained at the Appleton Academy in his native town of Mont Vernon, and at the Northfield Seminary, an institution under the care of the Methodist church at Northfield (now Tilton), New Hampshire. These schools were thorough and efficient, and gave educational advantages of a supe- rior character. Having determined on making his home in the West, he left New Hampshire in the spring of 1858, and came to this state. He spent the succeeding summer at Quincy, and in the fall secured a position as teacher of a school in Marion county. During the two years he lived in Marion county he was chiefly en- gaged in teaching school, though in 1859 he began the study of law, at first under the direction of John P. Reynolds, formerly an able member of the Cincinnati bar and now a resident of Chicago. Mr. Roby was afterward in the office of Bryan & Schaeffer, at Salem, Illinois. In September, 1860, he came to Decatur and entered the law office of Tupper & Nelson. In August, 1861, he enlisted in com- pany A, 40th Regiment Illinois Infantry. During his four months’ service he w r as stationed at St- Louis, Cairo and Paducah, and at the latter place was discharged on account of sickness. Returning to Decatur he resumed the study of the law', and was admitted to the bar in the spring of 1862. Mr. Tupper, of the firm of Tupper & Nelson, soon afterward entered the army, and Mr. Roby went into partnership with William E. Nelson, with whom he was asso- ciated about fifteen years. The partnership was terminated by the election of Judge Nelson to the bench in 1877. He is now senior member of the firm of Roby, Outten & Vail, one of the best known and most successful of the legal copartnerships of Decatur. He began practice at Decatur with nothing on which to rely except his own energies. His thorough knowledge of the law and a sound and comprehensive judgment on legal questions, have given him the reputation of a safe adviser and an able counsellor. He v T as married on the 1st of December, 1863, to Miss Annie Haworth, a native of Clinton county, Ohio. By this marriage there have been seven children, of whom six are now living. In his political sympathies he has favored the Republican party. His first vote for President was cast for Lincoln in 1860. Though sincere in his convictions as a Rejmblican, he has taken little active part in politics. The only public office he ever held was that of clerk and attorney of the city of Decatur, a position which he occupied for two years. DR. SAMUEL McBRIDE, Who has practiced medicine at Decatur since July, 1855, is a native of Pike county, Ohio, and was born on the 17th of December, 1822. His ancestors emigrated from Scotland to the North of Ire- land and from there to America. His father, William McBride, was born in Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, in 1777, and his mother, Letitia McBride, in Westmoreland county, in the same state, near Greensburg. Shortly after their marriage his parents moved to Ohio. From Marietta, their first stopping-place, they tra- veled through thewilderness on foot to Ross county, where they settled in what is known as the Cat Tail swamp. This was about the year 1796 or 1798. They afterward removed to the Beach Flats, near the Sun Fish mountains, in Pike county. When the war with Great Britain broke out, in 1812, Dr. McBride’s father volunteered and served under Gen. McArthur in the cam- paign against the British and Indians. The country in which Mr. McBride was raised was hilly and mountainous, but was old-settled, and had good common schools, which he attended, as he did also the Salem Academy. He began the study of medicine, and in 1849 was a student at the Starling Medical College at Columbus, Ohio. According to the old custom with young physicians, he began practice before graduation, locating at Jasper, Pike county, Ohio, on the Scioto river, between Chillicothe and Portsmouth. In the winter of 1851-2 he took his last course of lectures at the Starling Medical College, from which he graduated on the 20th of Febru- ary, 1852. In 1855 he removed to Decatur and established himself in practice as a physician. He was married in September, 1867, to Miss Lida Fariss, of Mt. Pleasant, Iowa. He is a man of studi- ous habits, and throughout his life has been a great reader. He has been a democrat in his political belief, as was his father before him, who supported the democratic party from the time of Jef- ferson. 140 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. Editor and proprietor of the Decatur Review, is of Scotch-Irish descent. He was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, October seventeenth, 1836. His ancestors settled in North Caro- lina at a period previous to the Revolutionary war. John Jack, one of the early members of the family in this country, was presi- dent of the celebrated Mecklenburg Convention which met in North Carolina in 1775, and declared that the colonies ought to be independent of Great Britain. Mr. Jack’s grandfather, John Jack, was an early resident of the Cumberland valley in Pennsyl- vania. He moved further west in 1768, settling in Westmoreland county, then the extreme frontier of that state. The same year he received a patent for a piece of land situated forty miles from Pittsburg. This tract of land remained in the family one hundred years, and during that time was in the ownership of only two persons, Mr. Jack’s father and grandfather. John Jack was a soldier in the war of the Revolution, and was wounded in a skirmish near Philadelphia. Joseph Jack, father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, and was one of thirteen children, of whom all grew to maturity and with one exception, married and had families. Joseph Jack mar- ried Sarah Nealay Sloan, who was born in Adams county, Pennsyl- vania, on a farm which subsequently formed part of the battle- field of Gettysburg. He served in the war of the rebellion as colonel of the 168th Pennsylvania regiment. Samuel Sloan Jack was raised in Westmoreland county, Penn- sylvania. He attended Elder’s Ridge Academy, in Indiana county, and Sewickley Academy in Westmoreland county, and also for a time was a student in Jefferson College. At the age of twenty he took charge of one of the common-schools in his native county, and subsequently was employed as a teacher in the Sewickley, Academy. When twenty-three years old he was elected superin- tendent of schools of Westmoreland county, and at the time of his election was the youngest person in the state who occupied that position. He had charge of about three hundred schools, and filled the office for six years. During the years 1867 and 1868 he was employed in doing county institute work under the direction of the state school department. In 1868 he was elected professor of the English language and literature, in the Keystone Normal School in Berks county, Pennsylvania. Rejecting an offer of the princi- palship of the California Normal School in Washington county, Pennsylvania, he came West in 1869, and in 1870 became principal of the Decatur high-school, which was under his care for a year. For the last ten years he has performed considerable journalistic work for newspapers in Decatur. In 1876 he purchased the material used in the publication of the Magnet and Tribune, and established the Decatur Times, a daily and weekly journal. In July, 1880, he became the proprietor of the Decatur Revieiv, the only Democratic paper published in Macon county, which he has conducted in a vigorous and popular manner. His marriage oc- curred in March, 1868, to Josephine McKee, of Fayette county, Pennsylvania. He has four children, all boys. In his politics he has always been a democrat. He has been unwavering and constant in his advocacy of the principles of democracy, and has been of no little service to the democratic organization in Macon county. In 1874 he was elected as a demo- crat on a Fusion ticket, to the Twenty-ninth General Assembly, where he discharged his duties as representative, in so satisfactory a manner that in 1876 he was re-elected. The position he occu- pied in the Thirtieth General Assembly was peculiarly important. He exercised much influence in securing the election of David Davis to the United States Senate, to succeed John A. Logan. He was one of the original six who favored the election of Davis at the commencement of the contest, and had the great satisfaction of witnessing the final selection of his candidate. He was an effi- cient member of several important committees while serving in the legislature, and was the author of several important bills. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 141 anm/iA Of Decatur, Illinois, was born at Claremont, New Hampshire, on the 19th of December, 1829. His father, Ira Norton Barnes, was a representative New England farmer, and being industrious and closely attentive to his business, he managed to draw from amoDg the rocks of his native state a comfortable support for his large family. The mother of Dr. Barnes, Harriet Eastman Barnes, was a member of the old Eastman family, from which sprung Daniel Webster and other distinguished characters. When Dr. Barnes was only three months of age his father received a severe scald while boiling maple-syrup, which resulted in his death after a few days. The early years in the life of Dr. Barnes were spent at Claremont. After obtaining a good education at the academies of his native town and of Springfield, Vermont, he began the study of medicine and pharmacy with W. M. Ladd, M.D., of Claremont. In July, 1849, he was commissioned by Governor Dinsmoor as assistant surgeon of the 15th regiment of New Hampshire militia. He re- mained in the drug store of Dr. Ladd several years, and then he determined upon a collegiate course of study. After two years spent in preparation at Kimball Union Academy, he entered Dartmouth College in 1851, and graduated therefrom in 1855, with the degree of A.B. The following year was spent in the drug business with his brother, Dr. W. A. Barnes, at Decatur, Illinois. He then removed to Jackson, Mississippi, where he taught a select school and read medicine with Dr. S. C. Farrar. In 1858 he received the degree of A.M. from Dartmouth College, and attended his first course of medical lectures at Hanover, New Hampshire, and continued his medical studies under the tuition of Professors Dixi Crosby and E. R. Peaslee. He spent the summer of 1859 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, attending the clinics at the various hospitals, and in the autumn of the same year he matricu- lated at the Jefferson Medical College. In 1861 he returned to Philadelphia and attended his last course of lectures, and graduated at the Jefferson School in March, 1862. Immediately after graduation he located at Decatur, Illinois, and formed a partnership with Dr. E. W. Moore, which has continued to the present time. In March, 1843, he was appointed and com- missioned as surgeon of the 116th Regiment of Illinois Volunteers. In 1864 he was appointed surgeon-in-chief of the 2d Div. Army Corps, and in 1865 was placed in charge of the Division Hospital. He was with his regiment when, as part of the Army of the Tennes- see, it participated in the battles around Vicksburg and Jackson, Mississippi ; Chattanooga, Mission Ridge and Knoxville, Tennessee ; Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Marietta, Atlanta, Fort Mc- Allister and Savannah, Georgia ; and Columbia, South Carolina. After marching with Sherman to the sea, and thence through the Carolinas and Virginia to Washington, District of Columbia, he was mustered out with his regiment near the latter city in June, 1865. He at once returned to Decatur and resumed the practice of his profession, in which he has been very successful. The part- nership between him and Dr. Moore has existed longer than any other medical partnership in Macon county. He has been a conscientious and industrious physician, and his energies have been wholly devoted to his large practice. Dr. Barnes is a member of the Illinois State Medical Society and of the American Medical Association, and one of the physicians to the Hospital of the Sisters of St. Francis. On the 25th of September, 1861, he was married to Diantha G. Sargent, of Claremont, New Hampshire, who died May 10th, 1879. He has one child, a son, Lynn Moore Barnes, born October 3d, 1873. 142 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. Dr. Enoch W. Moore, who has been engaged in the practice of medicine at Decatur since 1856, is a descendant of the earliest American family to settle in Illinois. His ancestors were Scotch- Irish, and, on their emigration to America, settled in Virginia. His grandfather, James Moore, was a captain in the Virginia forces during the war of the revolution. He came with his family to Illi- nois in the year 1781. He was accompanied by a family named Garrettson. These were the first American families to settle per- manently in Illinois. Kaskaskia had been founded by the French a hundred years previous, but no American or English families came to the country till the time of the revolution. James Moore first came to Kaskaskia, and soon afterward settled at Bellefont.aine> near the present town of Waterloo, in Monroe county. Other fam- ilies subsequently came from Virginia and- other states, and the American settlement extended to the Mississippi Bottom, which, in consequence, was called the American Bottom. James Moore w r as about thirty years of age when he came to Illinois. He was a man of considerable energy and force of chax-acter. He died about the year 1787. He put a fine farm under cultivation, and the year of his death had one hundred acres of wheat. Wheat at that time commanded a dollar a bushel at Kaskaskia. The French residents of that place were but little inclined toward agriculture, and scarcely raised enough grain for their own consumption. The father of the subject of this biography (Enoch Moore) was born at Bellefontaine in February, 1783. He was the first male child born of American parents within the limits of the present State of Illinois. He died in Monroe county in the year 1848. He was a man highly respected in that part of the state, and held sev- eral important public positions. For many years he was clerk of the circuit court, and for about twenty years judge of the pro- bate court. He was a representative from Monroe county in the state legislature, and a member of the convention which met at Kaskaskia, in the summer of 1818, and framed the first consti- tution of the State of Illinois. Dr. Moore’s mother was Mary Whiteside, daughter of Colonel William Whiteside, one of the pio- neer settlers of Monroe county. She w r as born at the head of the Big Elkhorn, in Kentucky, and was five years old when she came to Illinois, in the year 1793. The Whitesides were Kentuckians, and were celebrated as Indian fighters. In the annals of the early history of this state are x-ecorded many incidents of daring and bravery in which members of the Whiteside family prominently figured. Dr. Moore was the seventh of a family of ten children, and was born near Waterloo, in Monroe county, on the seventh of Decem- ber, 1821. His boyhood was spent in his native county. He at- tended school at Waterloo, and secured the elements of a good Eng- lish education, principally under the instruction of Nathan Scarritt, a teacher of mox’e than ordinary ability. For some time he taught school. In the fall of 1849, he began the study of medicine at Columbia, in Monroe county, with Dr. Knott. He received his medical education in the medical department of the St. Louis Uni- versity, now r the St. Louis Medical College. He graduated from this institution in March, 1853. In the year 1851, he began the practice of his profession at Caxdisle, Illinois. He became a resident of Decatur in March, 1856, and at once established himself as one of the leading physicians. During the war of the rebellion he offex’ed his services to the government, and was commissioned as surgeon of the One Hundi-ed and Fifteenth Illinois Regiment. His regiment was attached to the Army of the Cumberland, and during his connection with it served in Kentucky and Tennessee. After Res/dence of D1E.W. MOORE, 4-9 West Ma/r St .Decatur, /ll . R esi d ence of D* IRA N B A R IV £ S , Cor. North ScCollege Sts. D ecatur,/ll . * HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 143 seven months’ service, he resigned on account of ill health, and re- sumed his medical practice at Decatur. He was married in October, 1854, to Miss Annie B. Lockwood, a native of Philadelphia, daughter of Hon. Daniel C. Lockwood. She was connected with the Cummins family, one of whose mem- bers was Bishop Cummins of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and was a cousin of General Henry K. Lockwood of the United States Regular Army, now stationed at the Naval Academy at An- napolis, Maryland. Her death occurred in July, 1876. By this marriage he bad three children, of whom only one, a daughter, is now living. Dr. Moore was originally a whig, and supported Henry Clay in the presidential election of 1844. On the dissolution of the whig party, his anti-slavery sentiments made him a republican. He voted for Fremont in 1856, the first nominee of the republican party for president, and has voted for every republican presidential candidate from that time to the present. For many years he has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Although his large practice has been of a general character for the last eight or ten years, he has devoted special attention to the diseases of women and children. Of thorough attainments as a physician, a diligent student of progressive medical science, and a man of the highest personal character, he has met with merited success in his profession. DR. WILLIAM A. BARNES. Dr. Barnes, a native of Claremont, New Hampshire, and was born on the fifteenth of March, 1824. His paternal grandfather was one of the early settlers of New Hampshire, removing from Farmington, Connecticut, to Claremont, when that part of the state was almost a complete wilderness. His father, Ira N. Barnes, was born at Clare- mont. He was a farmer in comfortable circumstances; when only about thirty years of age his death resulted from an accident. Dr. Barnes’ mother, Harriet Eastman, belonged to an old New England family, which has produced several men of distinction. The subject of this sketch was the oldest of five children. He was six years old when his father died. From seven till he was fifteen years of age, his home was with his grandfather. He had good advantages for obtaining an education, the neighborhood in which he was raised abounding in excellent schools. He attended the Claremont academy. In the year 1839, when fifteen, he went to Dayton, Ohio, to live with a cousin. He attended school at Dayton, and in the year 1844, 'when twenty, began teaching school in Montgomery county, Ohio. He also for a time taught music, to which he had devoted considerable attention. He began the study of medicine in 1846, in the office of Dr. Van Harlingen, at Centre- ville, Ohio. After completing his preparatory studies, he attended his first course of lectures at the Starling Medical College at Colum- bia. In the fall of 1849 he went to Philadelphia and began his second course of lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, from which he graduated in the spring of 1850. His marriage occurred on the thirtieth of October, 1849, to Eleanor Sawyer, a native of Lebanon county, Pennsylvania, with whom Dr. Barnes had become ac- quainted while she was a resident of Centreville, Ohio. His mar- riage took place in Dauphin county, Pennsylvania. In 1850 after his graduation, he began practice at Centreville, Ohio, but in the autumn of the same year removed to Valparaiso, Indiana, where he was engaged in the practice of his profession for three years. In 1853 he became a resident of Decatur. He purchased a track of land four miles from town, and devoted his at- tention to its improvement. In 1855 he succeeded Drs. King and Chenoweth in the ownership of a drug store in Decatur, which he carried on till 1859. He received the appointment of master in chancery in 1861, and filled the office throughout almost the entire period of the war, resigning in 1865. He'was one of the first to enr bark in the manufacturing business, which has added so much to the prosperity of Decatur. In 1860, in partnership with William Lintner, he started a factory for the manufacture of hay-presses, to which the making of pumps and agricultural implements was after- wards added. His was one of the first manufacturing establishments in Decatur. He disposed of his interest to his partner, from whom the factory passed into the hands of the present proprietors, who carry it on as the Decatur Furniture Factory. .Since 1868 he has been principally engaged in dealing in real estate, and the improve- ment of lauds, of which he owns several tracts in Macon, Piatt and Moultrie counties. Dr. Barnes was one of the old original Republicans of Macon county, and has been a member of the party from its first organi- zation in this part of the state. He took a deep interest in the support of Fremont, the Republican candidate for the Presidency in 1856, and made several speeches in his behalf throughout the county. He has been one of the representative citizens of Decatur, and has filled several public positions. Previous to the war he was Mayor of Decatur, and has represented his ward several times in the board of Aldermen. He has been an advocate of every enter- prise which he considered likely to advance the interests of Decatur, and did his full share toward securing to the city the system of railroads, which now makes it such an important railroad centre. He was one of the active members of the Citizens’ Association, orga- nized to advance the public interests of Decatur. In the educa- tional interest of the city he has always taken a warm interest. For several years he has been one of the active members of the Board of Education, and is now its President. With the exception of one year he has been President of the Decatur Public Library since its organization. These facts are sufficient to show his connec- tion with the best and most important interests of Decatur, to whose superiority as an educational centre, and place of residence few citizens have done more to contribute. W. H. BRAMBLE. W. H. Bramble was born at Piketon, Ross county, Ohio, Sep- tember nineteenth, 1821. His parents, Henry Bramble and Eliza Turner, were natives of Maryland, and at an early day emigrated to Ohio, and settled at Chillicothe, in Ross county. His mother died in Ross county. Mr. Bramble was the youngest of four children. He lived in Ross county till twelve years of age, when his father moved to Newark, Ohio, and about two years afterward to Delphi, Indiana. His father kept a hotel both at Piketon and Newark, and at Delphi engaged in the mercantile business. He then moved on a farm in Tippecanoe county, Indiana, and from there removed to Dayton in the same state, where Mr. Bramble’s father died, when the subject of this sketch was seventeen years old. In the various places which had been the home of the family, Mr. Bramble at- tended school and laid the foundation of a good education. He remained on the farm after his father died, and in 1840, then nine- teen years of age, he married Miss Anna Slayback, who was born near Hamilton, Ohio. Her father, Levi Slayback, was a farmer, and from Ohio moved to Indiana. Iii his early boyhood the bent of his mind led him to attempt various mechanical contrivances, and he was always employed on 144 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. some new invention. After his marriage he still proposed to carry on farming, but his mind was so full of different kinds of machines and improvements that he found it impossible to make agriculture a success. In 1841 he patented an improved cultivator, and then sold the farm and built a hotel four miles from Lafayette, Indiana, called the Fountain Rise, where he remained about three years. He conceived the idea that a grain scale could be invented by which grain could be measured and weighed. He worked on this plan for eleven years, devoting to it almost his entire time. His mind was completely absorbed in the project; other business was neglected ; and the money he received from the sale of his farm was soon spent. The neighbors seeing the light in his solitary room during the small hours of the night began to form the opinion that he had lost his reason, but still he worked on, trying new experiments, and changing pieces of machinery, till at last he was successful, and placed on exhibition at Lafayette a grain scale which received and measured grain, gave the number of bushels, and calculated the amount it came to at the current price. It created great excitement and enthusiasm among the people, and in six weeks he sold forty-seven thousand dollars worth of rights to territory. Thinking he had sufficient money he bought the Lafay- ette House, the largest hotel in Lafayette, but finding the house not large enough to suit his wishes, he bought a lot on the opposite corner and built the Bramble House, which still bears his name. But this prosperity was only short-lived. The grain scale worked well enough for small quantities of grain, but for large quantities it was a total failure. His recently acquired property was swept away ; to the buyers of rights he gave back their money, and he was left without a dollar. In this disheartening condition a persoual friend, a banker at Lafayette, John Reynolds, came to him and asked him whether he could remedy the faults in his machine if he had time to make further experiments. Mr. Bramble replied, “Yes.” Reynolds gave him a check for two thousand dollars, told him to remove his family to some suitable place, and go on with his expe- riments. He placed his family near Xenia, Ohio, and went to Cincinnati, and in five weeks perfected a new machine; this he placed in operation at Xenia, and it worked in a perfectly satisfactory manner, showing none of the faults of the original machine. He took out several patents covering the invention and improvements. The machine weighed all grain poured in the hopper from one pound to thousands with mathematical accuracy, discharged itself while the wheat was running, and kept its own accounts. The machinery to accomplish these results was remarkably simple and certain. He opened an office at Cincinnati, and in eleven months sold $128,000 worth of rights for which the cash or equivalent property was received. The most of this he was cheated out of by his partner, a man whom he had taken into the business without a dollar. This machine he exhibited in every state in the Union, received premiums at hundreds of different fairs, and a gold medal at the New York American Institute. At the World’s Fair in the Crystal Palace in New York he was given the best location and drew the largest crowds of any of the exhibitors. He sent a man to Europe under an arrangement by which patents were to be taken out in the name of Mr. Bramble, but he took the patents out in his own name instead, thus defrauding him out of all the fruits of his invention in European countries. After these unfortunate transactions with the Automatic Grain Scale he made up his mind to go West. He had become the owner of fourteen hundred acres of land near Council Bluffs, Iowa, and in the spring of 1857 went to that locality. He found the land poor and partly covered with water, and the country wild and unsettled. His family being dissatisfied he shipped his goods back to St. Louis without unboxing, intending to return to Springfield, Ohio, unless he could find a location elsewhere. On his way east from St. Louis he stopped at Jacksonville, but not liking the place he came to Decatur, which appearing to be a thriving town, he concluded to settle there. At that time he was without a single acquaintance in Decatur. He had no money, though the sale of some fine furniture bi-ought him some cash. Buying an acre of land of Orlando Pow- ers, he built a shed of lumber without a floor, into which he moved a costly piano and other fine furniture. The same fall he built the brick residence in the south-west part of Decatur now occupied by Charles Ewing. His sons helped make the brick, which Mr. Bramble laid, his first experience at brick-laying, and the house, even to the wood-work, was completed by their own hands, and was at the time one of the best residences in that part of the town. He afterward built some fine residences in the same neighborhood. He then went to work on inventions. He patented an improved bedstead, which was a success, and was known as Bramble’s Spring Rockaway Bed, many of which are still used in Decatur. His attention was next turned to a post-office lock-box, for which he made the first application for a patent in 1865. He showed it to the Boston post-master, who agreed to adopt the box, using an appropriation of twenty thousand dollars made for that purpose. The Yale Lock manufacturing company, of Stamford, Connecticut, adopted his ideas, and began manufacturing the boxes in the face of Mr. Bramble’s patent. A long and vexatious contest followed, and after Mr. Bramble had brought suit in the United States courts, a compromise was effected, and Mr. Bramble now receives a royalty on every post-office box sold in the United States. Of these boxes he was the original inventor, and the courts have decided that no other company has a right to manufacture post-office boxes. He has also a complete line of door locks and padlocks, now manufac- tured by Russel Erwin of New Britain, Connecticut, and said to be the best and most perfect ever put on the market. These locks took the premium at the last Paris Exposition. He expects to devote the rest of his time to improvements on locks. In his earlier life he was a somnambulist ; and every night was accustomed unconsciously to walk in his sleep. In his youth he has been known to get out of bed, take a horse from the stable, and ride ten miles without waking. After building the Bramble House, a high four-story building, he xvas seen walking on the fire walls without any consciousness of danger. The concern of his friends led them to try the experiment of locking him in his room at night, but waking and unable to get out of the door he jumped from his window in the third story to the pavement, receiving injuries from which he did not recover for several weeks. He has not practiced somnambulism for the last twenty years, and his health through life has been good. He has three children : O. N. Bramble, assistant engineer at the water-works; Edward Bramble, mail agent on the St. Louis branch of the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific railway; and Estelle, now the wife of A. F. Jenison. In his politics he was first a Whig; became an early Republican, voting for Fremont in 1856, and has since been a strong member of that party. He has been alderman from the third ward five terms, serving ten years, a longer time than any other member of the council. He is a man of con- siderable influence among the voters. He w T as contractor for build- ing the railroad between Decatur and Monticello, which he graded half the distance without receiving any adequate compensation on account of the financial standing of the company. He has never sworn an oath, or used whiskey or tobacco in his life. He is one of the active and public-spirited citizens of Decatur, and freely gives his time to carry out any project in which the interests of his adopted city are in question. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 145 Mahlon Haworth has been a resident of Decatur since 1857. The family from which he is descended was of English origin. It is said that the first of the Haworths to come to America were James and Thomas Haworth ; one of whom settled in Pennsylvania and the other in Virginia, early in the history of the American colonies. In England the Haworths had been members of the society of Friends from its first organization. George Haworth, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was born in Virginia and lived there during the Revolutionary war. Mr. Haworth’s father, Mahlon Haworth, was born in the valley of Virginia, near Win- chester. He married Phoebe Frazer, a native of Berks county, Pennsylvania, who was connected with a Scotch family which had settled in Pennsylvania at an early period. Shortly after his mar- riage he removed to the neighborhood of Knoxville, in east Tennessee, where he lived several years, and where two of his children were born. About the year 1800 he concluded to make his home in Ohio, then a wilderness in which the white settlements were far from numerous. After residing for a time in Warren county, he purchased land and settled in Clinton county. He was one of the pioneers of that region, and when he first located there had only one neighbor within a distance of many miles. Mr. Haworth’s parents died in Clinton county, Ohio, on the same farm on which they originally settled. The birth of Mahlon Haworth occurred on this farm in Clinton county, Ohio, on the twentieth of August, 1809. He was the sixth of nine children. That part of Ohio, though only forty miles from the city of Cincinnati, was in his early boyhood thinly settled. Schools had been established, but the course of instruction was 19 usually very meager and limited. The school-houses were old- fashioned log structures with slab benches. Mr. Haworth took the best advantage possible of these opportunities. He could only go to school in the winter season. He attended school in the neighbor- hood of his home, and afterward at Xenia and Wilmington. His school days were over at the age of eighteen, and he then began teaching, at which he was occupied for three or four years. On the twentieth of August, 1830, he married Sarah J. Woolman, a native of Clark county, Ohio, who belonged to the same family as the celebrated John Woolman, famous as a Quaker preacher, and an early advocate of the abolition of slavery. In the year 1832 Mr. Haworth began the mercantile business, first in Warren county, Ohio, and afterward at Port William, in Clinton county. In the year 1835 he sold out his stock of goods, purchased a farm near Port William, and engaged in farming. He also for a time man- aged a saw-mill which was run by water-power. For nine years he served as justice of the peace, and for a considerable period was postmaster at Port William. He removed to this state in 1853, and for three years lived on a farm near Mechanicsburg, in Sanga- mon county. In 1857 he removed to Decatur, which has since been his home. In 1859 he undertook the business of buying and ship- ping grain, which he continued for nearly twenty years. In the year 1869 the present firm of Haw r orth and Sons was established, and the manufacture begun of the Haworth Check Rower, which has since had such a large and popular sale. The other members of the firm are his sons, L. L. Haworth, George D. Haworth and James W. Haworth, Mr. and Mrs. Haworth have been the parents of nine children. The three sons now living, L. L. Ha-worth, George 146 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. D. Haworth and James W. Haworth are residents of Decatur. Of the two daughters, Annie M. is the wife of K. H. Roby, and Mary R. married George Simpson. Uriah E. Haworth, the second son, died in the year 1852, at the age of twenty, at St. Joseph, Missouri, while on his way to California. Another son, Mahlou F. Haworth, enlisted in 1861 in the Seventh Illinois Cavalry. He served with his regiment in Missouri, Tennessee, Mississippi and other parts of the South ; took part in several hard-fought battles, and was finally taken prisoner at Colliersville, Tennessee. He was first confined at Belle Island and was afterward transferred to Andersonville, where he died toward the close of the war. Two other children died in infancy. Mr. Haworth’s political opinions have been in sympathy with the Whig and Republican parties. The first vote which he cast for President was in 1832, when he supported Henry Clay, the Whig candidate, against Jackson. From his earliest recollection he was opposed to slavery. His belief that no man had a right to hold another in servitude was imbibed from his parents, who maintained that doctrine in common with the great mass of the society of Friends. He was accordingly an early member of the Republican party, and has lived to see the final triumph of the principles to which he has been devoted all his life. He has never held any political office in this state with the exception of acting as a member of the city council of Decatur in 1859. EDWARD OWEN SMITH, Now a resident of California, is one of the men to whom the city of Decatur and the county of Macon owe a great part of their growth and development. His father, the Rev. James Smith, was a popular and distinguished Methodist preacher of Baltimore who died in that city, leaving six children, of whom the subject of this sketch was the fourth. He was born in Montgomery county, Maryland, three miles west of Baltimore, on the fifteenth of April, 1817. After his father’s death his home was with his grandmother, Mrs. Rachel Owen. When fifteen years of age he went to Wash- ington City where he was clerk in a store during part of General Jackson’s administration. He returned to his home near Balti- more, and soon afterward carried out a purpose which he had formed of trying his fortune in the west. In the fall of 1834 he set out for Ohio, then considered one of the frontier states. The nineteen dollars which constituted the whole amount of his capital had been earned by his own labor. With a knapsack on his shoulder containing all his worldly effects, he started on foot, and following the old National road across the Allegheny mountains reached Springfield, Ohio, a distance of five hundred miles from Baltimore. At Springfield he learned the trade of a carpenter with a man named Samuel Price, but becoming afflicted with the throat disease concluded to journey farther west. He stopped for a short time at Montezuma, Indiana ; afterward worked at his trade about a year at Terre Haute ; and in May, 1837, came to Decatur. He soon found employment. His first work was to build a house for Captain D. L. Allen on Water street, above North street, and another residence immediately south, which are now, with one exception, the oldest houses remaining in Decatur. The fall of the same year he built the old Macon Hotel on the east side of the Park. At that time the site of this building was in the midst of heavy timber. The following winter he built Sjiangler’s Mill on the Sangamon river four miles east of Decatur. He was then only twenty years of age, but at once established a reputation as a good business man and an enterprising builder. He was engaged in active business in Decatur till 1853, when he made his first visit to California. He raised a company of thirty- nine young men and crossed the Plains, reaching his destination in about a hundred days. He took with him a drove of cattle. After a stay of two years and three months on the Pacific coast he returned to Decatur, having made considerable profit from his business ventures. He then began to improve property on Water street. The entire business of the place was formerly conducted around the old square, and he was the first to turn the current toward what is now the principal business thoroughfare. He erected the first business structures on Water street, two three- story buildings, one of which is now occupied by the Decatur National Bank. The next year in connection with Dr. J. T. B. Stapp, he built several stores on the south side of the park. He started on his second trip to California in 1858. This journey proved a dangerous and difficult undertaking. He pro- posed to take a large drove of horses and cattle, which he pui- chased in south-west Missouri and the Indian territory through to California by way of New Mexico and Arizona, at that time a route but little traveled. With a company of forty-one young men he explored his way through a complete wilderness from Fort Gib- son to Albuquerque, New Mexico. Twice in this distance was his company attacked by the Indians, who each time were repulsed without loss. The blanket which he carried was pierced by an Indian lance. Five hundred miles west of the Rio Grande, among the San Francisco mountains they encountered a body of returning emigrants who had been driven back by the Indians. Eight of their number had been killed, and all their cattle had been stolen. After driving off' the Indians, who were still in pursuit, it was re- solved to return to the Rio Grande river, winter there, and then proceed to California the next year by another route. On their march back their provisions soon gave out, and for six weeks their only food was boiled beef without salt. After going into winter quarters here Mr. Smith grew restless, and determined to go through to California that winter. He managed to secure four men to assist him in driving the cattle. A Mrs. Bx-own of Iowa, whose husband had been killed by the Indians and who was anxious to reach some relatives in California, and her four small daughters, were also members of the party. They set out in January, 1859, and after a journey of thirteen hundred miles through New Mexico and Arizona, reached San Francisco in safety without more peril- ous adventure than meeting two hundred Indian warriors at Apache Pass who, however, acted in a friendly manner, the chief bestowing on Mr. Smith a quiver of lion’s skin filled with arrows as a token of friendship. Mrs. Brown, the hei’oine of the arduous journey, found her relatives, and subsequently manned Judge Johnson, of San Francisco, who thanked Mr. Smith with great conliality for bringing him so good a wife. The cattle had been left behind in Arizona, and after grazing them for a while in Lower California near the mouth of the Coloi-ado, he brought them to San Francisco in March, 1860, two years after starting with them from Missouri. The calves had become nearly grown. In the fall of 1860 he started from Los Angelos, California, for Texas, intending to make aiTangements to raise horses in the latter state. In 2 >assing thi-ough the Apache country his company was attacked by thirty Indians, who killed seven of their horses. Mr. Smith had six companions, one of whom was too sick to render any assistance in the fight. AVhile crossing the Staked Plains they traveled eighty-six miles without water. On i-eaching a frontier town in Texas the first sight that met his eye was the Lone Star flag of the republic of Texas, and then he, for the first time, learned that Abraham Lincoln had been elected president and that Texas : V BillrlHMr.irH li-ll Ji-H Residence of H.W. WAGGONER, Decatur, Macon Co. Ill B p m Residence and Dairy of FRANK MOSER, Decatur, Macon Co. I ll. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 147 had withdrawn from the Union, and resumed her original position as an independent republic. He expressed surprise and regret, but the Texans assured him that “they meant business.” Through Texas to Galveston, from that place on the steamer, to New Orleans and thence up the Mississippi to Cairo, nothing was heard but ex- citing talk regarding the preparations for rebellion. He had made arrangements with two men, whom he left in Texas, to raise horses on shares, but after the war broke out he entertained little hope of reaping anything from his investment. Seven years afterward, however, his share of the horses were delivered to him at Decatur. On his return, after an absence of three years, he was elected in March, 1861, Mayor of Decatur. He occupied this position during the first year of the rebellion, when its duties were particularly important. Regiment after regiment of soldiers were fed at the city’s expense. Personally he did everything in his power to assist the Union cause, assisted in recruiting soldiers, and for various objects in connection with the war contributed liberally of his owm means. In 1864 he supported Lincoln for president, believing that his re-election would prove an effectual blow to the rebellion. After the war he could not give his approval to the congressional plan of reconstruction, and has since acted with the Democratic party. In 1847 he was elected a member of the Illinois Constitutional Convention, representing in that body Piatt and Macon counties. In 1848 he was the whig candidate for State senator for the district embracing McLean, Tazewell, Logan, De Witt and Macon counties. He was elected by a flattering majority after a spirited canvass. One of his first efforts in the Senate, was to secure the passage of a joint resolution requesting the Illinois Senators and Representa- tives in Congress to secure from the National government a dona- tion of land for the construction of the Illinois Central and the Northern Cross (now the Wabash) railroad. Aid was subsequently granted the Illinois Central. To Mr. Smith belongs the credit of taking the first steps which led to the successful completion of this important project. While in the Constitutional Convention he was identified with another measure, which proved of great benefit to the state. He was one of the authors of the special provision adopted by a separate vote levying a tax of two mills to liquidate the state debt. F rom thirty the state bonds advanced to par, con- fidence in the state increased, and immigration soon afterward poured in to occupy the vacant lands. He was active in securing for Macon county several of her railroads, especially the Decatur and St. Louis (now the St. Louis branch of the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific) of which he was one of the incorporators and original directors. His first wife, whom he married on the eighteenth of May, 1843, was Miss Harriet Krone, a native of Carlisle, Pennsylvania. She was a woman of modest and retiring demeanor, a faithful wife, a devoted mother, and possessed of many excellent traits of cha- racter. She died on the thirteenth of January, 1867. His second marriage was on the fifteenth of April, 1869, to Mrs. Catharine Hildman, of Peoria county, Illinois. He has eleven children. Rachel R., married Judge A. J. Gallagher of Decatur, now de- ceased. Two sons, James L., and Edward O. Smith, are residents of the southern part of Macon county. Lydia A., who married the late Aquilla Toland, resides in Austin township. M. Ella is the wife of the Rev. S. S. Hebberd, of Pleasant A r iew township. Harriet, now Mrs. Frank Moore, lives in California, and Laura, the wife of Lester Brown, at Elmwood, Peoria county, in this state. Two sons, Lowell and Thomas Curtis Smith, reside in California, and Gertrude, the youngest daughter by his first marriage, in Decatur. He has one child, Kate, by his second marriage. Mr. Smith at present being a non-resident of this state, the materials of this sketch have been furnished by his children, living in Macon county. In 1870 he removed to California. He lives on a farm just out- side the corporate limits of San Jose, the garden city of California, and the most beautiful of all rural towns. He was a member of the recent Constitutional Convention which framed the present Constitution of California. He still owns a large amount of pro- perty in this county, including the Opera House in Decatur, and a number of large farms. During his early residence in the county, he had sufficient foresight to see that investments in real estate would prove profitable, and so purchased town lots and unimproved land. It is safe to say that he has improved more land in Macon county, than any other one man, and has also erected a large number of buildings in Decatur. Beside the structures already mentioned he built the four large stores in the Opera House block, the first on that part of Water street, and numerous private resi- dences. He was one of the most public-spirited citizens Decatur has ever known. As a business man his characteristics are a great energy, a keen judgment, and a readiness to take advantage of every opportunity. He is benevolent and charitable in his dispo- sition, and no man has been more willing to relieve the wants of the unfortunate, or lend a helping hand to others. He came to the county without means, and, by his own talent and energy, became one of the most successful and influential citizens of the county, where he is always welcomed back by his old friends and neighbors. BRADFORD K. DURFEE, Member of the real estate and insurance firm of Warren and Durfee, was born at Marshall, Michigan, on the twenty-fifth of March, 1838. The history of the family from which he is de- scended in this country dates back to Thomas Durfee, who came from England and settled at Fall River, Massachusetts, in 1660. Nathan Durfee, of the sixth generation in descent from Thomas Durfee, was born at Fall River ; accompanied his father to Ohio when a small boy ; grew up to manhood in that state ; and at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1837, married Margaret Kirk, and the same year removed to Marshall, Michigan. The subject of this sketch was their oldest son. His home was at Marshall and Battle Creek, Michigan, till 1857, in which year he came to Decatur. For a time after coming to this state he taught school. His father during the war of the rebellion enlisted in an Ohio regiment, of which Mr. Durfee’s uncle, B. R. Durfee, was colonel ; and while he was absent in the army Mr. Durfee had charge of the farm. In 1863 he was employed by the firm of Durfee and AVarren to prepare the set of abstracts of titles of Macon county. In 1865 he became a member of the firm of Durfee, Warren and Co., and has since been associated with John K. Warren in the real estate and in- surance business. He was married in October, 1868, to Lucy AY. Hamilton, of Toledo, Ohio. He was brought up under strong anti- slavery influences His father was one of the early abolitionists of Ohio. Mr. Durfee’s sympathies were with the Republican party till 1872, when he believed its policy to be detrimental to the best interests of the country, and he has since acted with the Demo- cratic party. In 1878 he was elected as the regular Democratic candidate to the Thirty-first General Assembly. He served on the committees on appropriations, insurance, banks and banking, and labor and manufactures ; gave close and constant attention to the business before the legislature, and made an efficient member. In 1880 he again received the Democratic nomination for representa- tive, the convention unanimously presenting him as the candidate of the party. 148 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. Dr. Brown, who has practiced medicine in Macon county since 1858, was born near Whitby, in Upper Canada, on the twenty- fourth of August, 1827. His father, Abram Brown, was a native of Rhode Island ; and his mother, whose maiden name was Bath- sheba Wood, of the State of New York. Both were members of the religious Society of Friends. They were married in Vermont, and soon afterward removed to Canada, where his father followed farming. Dr. Brown was the seventh of ten children. When he was twelve years of age his father died, and his mother was left with a large family on her hands, and a farm of one hundred acres, slightly encumbered, as the means of their support. The mother was of a frugal disposition, and kept the boys at work on the farm, so that they had few advantages' in the way of schools. Dr. Brown determined to acquire an education, and at the age of seventeen left home and obtained work in a neighborhood where he had an op- portunity to attend school. Up to that time he was barely able to read and write. He worked during haying and harvest, and through the remainder of the year nights and mornings, clothing himself, and getting only his board and schooling for his labor. In his twenty-first year he attended for six months an academy at Whitby. In the fall of 1848, then just twenty-one, he took charge of the school which he had formerly attended, and was its teacher for half a year. He then entered the Wilson Collegiate Institute in Niagara county, New York, and in 1850 was a student in the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary in Livingston county, in the same state. The means with which to attend these schools he obtained by work during the summer. He was accustomed to work during the harvest in New York, and then go to Canada and find employ- ment in the later harvest there. At that time a demand for teachers existed in the south, and in the fall of 1850 he went to Kentucky with the purpose of securing a position. He obtained a school near Paris, Bourbon county. During the twenty-one months he resided there, he taught school, read medicine, and began the study of law. The autumn of 1852 found him attending lectures at the Georgia Medical College at Augusta, Georgia. In the spring of 1853 he began practice at Gaylesville, Cherokee county, Alabama. He returned, however, to the Georgia Medical College in the fall, and graduated in the spring of 1854. He was engaged in successful practice at Gayles- ville till February, 1858. In November, 1854, he married Sarah E. Brown, daughter of F. A. Brown, one of the pioneer lawyers of Georgia, who afterward removed to Alabama. While living in the south, Dr. Brown paid little attention to politics, and generally voted the democratic ticket. During the Fremont-Buchauan cam- paign of 1856, secession was openly threatened on every stump. The excitement grew more intense as the opposition to slavery became more pronounced at the north. Dr. Brown determined to remove to a free state, and in February, 1858, settled at Maroa. He was the first physician in that place. In October, 1862, he removed to Decatur. He employed his spare time in reviewing his legal studies, which he had begun years previously, and in April, 1870, was admitted to the bar. He has given his whole J attention to the practice of medicine, and has only occasionally appeared in cases before the court, generally as associate counsel in important cases in which medical questions have been involved. He has had seven children ; two sons died in infancy, and three sons and two daughters are living. In politics he was a democrat before the war, though opposed to slavery. From the position of a HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 149 war democrat during the rebellion, he came to act with the republi- can party, of which he has since been a strong supporter. Since 1861 he has been a member of the Presbyterian Church. He has had a large medical practice, and is well known throughout the county. The republicans in 1876 made him their candidate for prosecuting attorney. His genial disposition and tine social quali- ties have secured him numerous friends, while bis attainments as a physician have won success in his profession. A. R. ARBUCKLE, Editor and proprietor of the Decatur Tomahawk, is a native of Guernsey county, Ohio, and was born on the tenth of March, 1851. His father, Robert Arbuckle, was born and raised in Pennsylvania, and when a young man went to Ohio, where he married Charlotte Freeman, a native of Guernsey county. The first fourteen years of Mr. Arbuckle’s life were spent in Ohio. His father was a farmer. In 1864 the family moved to McLean county in this state, and settled on a farm near Le Roy. On the first of July, 1869, he entered the law office of General Ira J. Bloomfield at Bloom- ington, with the purpose of fitting himself for the legal profession. He was admitted to the practice of the law in June, 1871, and opened an office at Le Roy, where he remained one year. He became a resident of Maroa in the fall of 1874, and for about two years was occupied in legal practice. Having a taste for the journalistic profession he became connected with the Maroa News, which he published six months. In the spring of 1876 he was elected justice of the peace, which office he filled till his removal to Decatur in September, 1878. For about a year he engaged in the practice of law at Decatur, in partnership with S. C. Clark. On the eleventh of May, 1880, he issued the first number of the De- catur Tomahawk, which has since rapidly increased in circulation. It is conducted on an independent and liberal platform, both as to politics and religion, and is the only journal occupying this pecu- liar field published in Central Illinois. He was married in Sep- tember, 1873, to Miss Anna Moore, of McLean county. In his personal political views he has always been a member of the re- publican party. E. McNABB. E. McNabb, architect and builder, was born in Centre county, Pennsylvania, on the seventeenth of September, 1823. His ances- tors were Scotch, and emigrated to the north of Ireland at the time of the religious persecution which drove so many Protestants from Scotland. His grandfather came to America shortly after the Revolutionary war ; he married a woman of Irish descent, by the name of Mitchell. John McNabb, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Pennsylvania, and married Mary Young, a native of the same state. John McNabb was a mechanic, but after his removal to Richland (now Ashland) county, Ohio, in the year 1834, he engaged in farming. He died in that county, as did also Mr. McNabb’s mother. The subject of this biographical sketch was the seventh of ten children. He was eleven years old when he came to Ohio. He w r as raised on a farm, and obtained his educa- tion in the ordinary district schools. Two of his brothers received excellent educations, and were ministers in the Methodist Church. When seventeen he began to learn the ti’ade of a cabinet-maker at Ashland, Ohio, and followed it about five years. He then studied architecture under 0. S. Kinney, a prominent architect, who resi- ded at Cleveland, Ohio, and became a builder. He resided a short time in Cincinnati and Cleveland. In 1854 he came to Illinois. His first work in this state was the building of a church at Mechanicsburg, in Sangamon county. In the spring of 1855 he settled at Decatur, where he had purchased property the previous year, and has since been continuously occu- pied as an architect and builder. He has either designed or con- structed a large proportion of the buildings which have been erected during his residence in Decatur. The evidences of his taste and judgment may be seen in some of the most prominent buildings in the city, which have been erected according to his designs and under his supervision. Among these are the First and Fourth ward school-buildings, the residences of L. L. Haworth, J. L. Fenton, H. W. Hill and George D. Haworth, the store of Linn & Scroggs, a block of three stores on Merchant street and the Christian church. He was married on the twenty-seventh of April, 1845, to Maggie B. Heller, a native of Huron county, Ohio. He has four children living; Mrs. Mary Irene August; Willie O. McNabb; Mrs. Emma F. Landis, and Arthur L. McNabb. He has always taken an active interest in politics and public affairs. In early life he was a democrat, but when the question of the ex- tension of slavery came to be agitated, he stood with those in favor of free soil, and was one of the earliest members of the republican party. He was elected a member of the city council from the Second ward in the spring of 1860, and altogether has served four times, or eight years; in 1860, 1861, 1867, 1869, 1877, 1872, 1879 and 1880. He has been one of the active members of the Council, and his practical business experience has been of service in assist- ing to manage the affairs of the city. In 1878 he represented Deca- tur township in the Board of Supervisors. He has been a member of the Christian church for a period of thirty years. He has been a public-spirited and progressive citizen. He was one of the original advocates of the establishment of water-works, and has always been on the side of public improvement. GEORGE S. DURFEE. The birth of Mr. Durfee occurred at Marshall, Michigan, on the thitteenth of March, 1840. From Thomas Durfee, who emi- grated from England and settled at Fall River, Massachusetts, in 1860, the Durfee family is descended. The parents of the subject of this biography w r ere Nathan and Margaret (Kirk) Durfee. His father was born at Fall River, Massachusetts ; went to Ohio with his father’s family when quite young ; in that state married Mar- garet Kirk ; soon after his marriage removed to Michigan, and in 1857 became a resident of Macon county. George S. Durfee was seventeen when he came to Decatur. He principally obtained his education at Battle Creek, Michigan, and in the high school of De- catur, which he attended two winters after coming to this jxlace. At the beginning of the war of the rebellion, on the seventeenth of April, 1861, he enlisted under the three months call for troops, in a company raised at Decatur, and attached to the Eighth Illinois infantry as company A. He was mustered in the United States service on the twenty-fifth of April. The regiment lay at Cairo till the expiration of their three months’ term of enlistment. Mr. Durfee at once re-enlisted for three years in the same company and regiment. The regiment was commanded by Colonel (afterward Governor) Oglesby. He had enlisted as a private, and was elected sergeant, to which position he was re-elected after his re-enlistment and was appointed by the colonel commissary sergeant. His regi- ment took part in the battles of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson. Just before the battle of Shiloh he returned to his company as orderly sergeant, and in that fight received a wound in the hand. 150 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. On the fourteenth of June, 1862, just after the siege of Corinth, he received a commission as second lieutenant. The regiment served under General Grant in his campaign through Northern Mississippi. On the thirteenth of February, 1863, he was com- missioned as second lieutenant. He was in the battles of Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Mississippi, Champion Hill, and in the siege of Vicksburg. The captain of the company having been killed in the battle of Raymond, Mississippi, Mr. Durfee was promoted to be captain, his commission dating from the thirteenth of May, 1863. During the winter of 1863-4, the regiment re-en- listed as veterans. He was present at the second fight at Jackson, Mississippi, in 1864, and took part in the capture of Fort Blakely in Mobile bay, taken in April, 1865, after Lee’s surrender. At Fort Blakely his regiment was the assaulting regiment, and was the first of the Union forces to enter Mobile. From Mobile his regiment was sent to Texas, where it assisted in paroling Kirby Smith’s Confederate army. He was stationed at Shreveport, Loui- siana, and Marshall, Texas, till the spring of 1866, and of the latter place acted as provost marshal for four months. He was mustered out of the United States service at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, on the fourth of May, 1866. The regiment was dis- banded at Camp Butler, Springfield, on the sixteenth of May, 1866, five years and one month from the date of his first enlistment. He came out as third, ranking captain of his regiment in command of the colors. After returning to Decatur he was employed by the firm of Warren and Durfee till 1871, when he engaged in the agricultural implement business in Decatur, which he has since carried on. He was married on the fifth of September, 1867, to Sarah A. Powers, daughter of George Powers, one of the early residents of Decatur. He has four children living and one deceased. He has always been a Republican. ROBERT P. LYTLE. Robert P. Lytle was born at Waterford, Erie county, Pennsyl- vania, on the eighth of July, 1837. His education he obtained in the common schools of his native town, and in the Waterford Academy. At eighteen he secured employment in the office of the Sharon Iron Company in Mercer county, Pennsylvania, and left this position in the fall of 1857, to attend a commercial college at Buffalo, New York. In the spring of 1858 he came to New Boston, Mercer county, in this state, and was residing there at the beginning of the rebellion. He volunteered under the first call of the Presi- dent for troops, but his company was too late for acceptance. In August, 1861, he was mustered into the service as second lieutenant of company G, Twenty-seventh regiment, Illinois infantry. For gallantry at the battle of Belmont in November, 1861, he was promoted to be first lieutenant of company B. He was commisioned as captain in December, 1862. At the battle of Mission Ridge in November, 1863, he was twice severely w’ounded, and at Kenesaw Mountain in June, 1864, he received a musket shot in the left elbow joint, which made necessary the amputation of his arm just below the shoulder. After the war he settled at Decatur. For six years and a half he was book-keeper and cashier for the firm of William Linter & Co., and then assisted in the organization of the Decatur Coffin Company. In January, 1875, President Grant appointed him postmaster at Decatur, the duties of which office he has since discharged with great efficiency. He was married in 1864 to Elizabeth Smith of Waterford, Pennsylva- nia. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics connected with the Republican party. HON. SAMUEL F. GREER. Samuel F. Greer, judge of the county court of Macon county since 1851, was born in Fairfield county, Ohio, on the 8th of September, 1825. His ancestors were Scotch-Irish, and settled in Maryland previous to the Revolutionary war, in which some of them bore an honorable part. The family is of the same origin as the Greer family of Virginia and Pennsylvania, one of the members of which, in the latter State, was Justice Greer, of the United States Supreme Court. William J. Greer, the father of the subject of this biography, was born and raised in Prince George county, Maryland, and married Sarah Downing, who was descended from an English family which had settled at an early period, in the same state. About the year 1829, William J. Greer removed to Ohio, and settled in Fairfield county, where he lived eight or ten years, and then moved to the neighborhood of Findlay, in Hancock county, in north-western Ohio, where he died in 1833. Judge Greer was the next to the youngest of a family of twelve children, of whom nine grew to maturity. He was two years of age when the family moved to Hancock county, in 1827. There Judge Greer was raised. The country was new when the family first took up its residence in that part of the State, but by the time the subject of this sketch got old enough to attend school, compar- atively good schools for the day, had been established. They were held in log school-houses for about three months in the winter, and their advantages were meagre in contrast with those of the present time. On the 7th of t April, 1844, he married Elizabeth Taylor, who was born at Somerset, Perry county, Ohio, daughter of Hugh Taylor, a native of the State of Delaware. In 1847, Judge Greer moved to Logan county, Ohio, and was living there at the time the excitement arose consequent on the discovery of gold in Cali- fornia. He was one of the pioneers who made their way across the plains to the Pacific slope in 1849. At Independence, Missouri, from which point the early expeditions across the plains usually started, he joined a wagon train, which was one of the first to reach California by the Overland route. It passed near Salt Lake City, and arrived in California, in September, 1849. He was occupied part of the time in merchandizing at Nevada City, rnd part of the time in mining. This was the first year of the heavy emigration to California ; society was in a disorganized con- dition ; no local government had been established, and the Judge was a witness to many of the incidents and adventures which made life in California at that time memorable. He returned to Ohio in the fall of 1850, after an absence of about nineteen months. He became a resident of Decatur in 1854, first engaging in the mercantile business. In 1859, he was elected a justice of the peace. In the fall of 1861, he was chosen county judge of Macon county. He was admitted to the bar in January, 1862. He has been re-elected county judge in 1865, 1869, 1873, and 1877. He was originally a Whig in politics. His first vote for president was cast for Gen. Taylor, in 1848. On the dissolution of the Whig organization his sentiments on the subject of slavery led him to become a Republican, and he has voted for every Republican can- didate for the Presidency, from Fremont, 1856, to the present time. He has four children. His theological views coincide with those of the Methodist Church, of which, for several years, he and his wife were members. He is a man of moderate and conserva- tive views, of sound judgment, and with habits of thought fitted to take a fair and comprehensive view of any subject. The ability and faithfulness with which he has filled the office of county judge is best shown by the number of times in succession he has been elected to that position. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 151 Gustavus Adolphus Smith, a former resident of Decatur, now living in New Mexico, was born in the city of Philadelphia on the twenty-sixth of December, 1820. He was the sixth child of the Rev. James Smith, who was born in Virginia, and his wife, Nancy, who was the only daughter of Edward and Rachel Owen, of Mont- gomery county, Maryland. His father was a minister of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. His mother dying when he was but two years old, and his father when he was but five, he with his five brothers and sisters were taken in charge by their grandmother, Mrs. Rachel Owen, of Montgomery county, Maryland, then a widow, and one of the noblest and best of women. Mrs. Owen lived to see her great-grandchildren, and died at a good old age in the year 1848. At the age of sixteen he accompanied his sister, Octavia O- Wooton, and her husband, Dr. Richard Wooton, who were on their way to Mississippi, as far as Cincinnati, Ohio, where he left them to seek his own fortune. He made his way to Springfield, Ohio, where two of his older brothers at that time resided. He was urged to accept a position as clerk in a store, but persistently refused, insist- ing on learning the carriage and wagon-making trade instead. Two years afterward he came to Decatur, arriving here in December, 1837, but stopped only a short time, going to Springfield, Illinois, where he resided for several years. After visiting his old home in Maryland and spending the summer and fall there, he returned to Springfield, and on his twenty-third birthday, December the twen- ty-sixth, 1843, was united in marriage to Margaret Ann Bahau, and immediately afterward took up his residence in Decatur. He devoted his attention to the manufacture of carriages, and built up a large business, employing from twenty to thirty hands. From 1858 to the breaking out of the war of the rebellion, he manufac- tured carriages largely for the southern market. He spent his winters usually in the south, both with the object of improving his health and looking after his business interests. The southern trade being prospectively good, and not believing that the south would ever be so foolish as to carry out its threats of secession, he made every exertion to make as heavy shipments to that section as possi- ble. ' Consequently, when the war of the rebellion cut off the busi- ness intercourse between the north and the south, he was a very heavy loser. Out of his large shipments, amounting to over fifty thousand dollars, he never received a single cent. His pecuniary interests in the south were heavy ; but at the meeting held at the court-house, on the arrival of the news of the firing on Fort Sum- ter, he was the second speaker, and, in a short but pointed speech, held that the integrity of the Union should be maintained at all hazards. The next day he was busy drilling men and preparing them for the field. He was asked to go to Mattoon to drill the regiment, which afterwards was mustered in as the Twenty-first Illinois, and of which General U. S. Grant became the Colonel. He also assisted in drilling some of the early regiments formed at Springfield. He declined several positions offered him till the sixth of May, 1861, when he was tendered the command of a regiment by the unanimous vote of its members. For six months afterward the regiment was known as “ Gus. Smith’s Independent Regiment.” Richard Yates, then Governor, with part of his staff, made applica- tion to the Secretary of War that the regiment might continue to be known as G. A. Smith’s Independent Regiment Illinois Volun- teers ; but this was found to be contrary to the regulations of the 152 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. War Department, though when the regiment was accepted at Washington as the Thirty-fifth Illinois, a special provision was made in the case of Colonel Smith, that his regiment should not be interfered with by the Commanding General of the Department under three months, during which time he could take his regiment anywhere, and be allowed subsistence and camp and garrison equipage. This unusual privilege was given him on account of his known ability for drill and organization. Within a day or two after receiving this order from the Secretary of War, he re- ceived letters both from Gen. Fremont, commanding at St. Louis, and Governor Yates — the former urging him to bring his regiment to St. Louis, and the latter to Springfield. Proceeding to Spring- field, he drove with Gov. Yates and part of his staff to the point where Camp Butler was afterward established, and selected that camping ground. Gov. Yates was very desirous that Colonel Smith should take command with his regiment and organize a state mili- tary camp of instruction, promising that his men should be at once supplied with clothing and camp and garrison equipage by the state. Gen. Fremont promised the same, and urged him to bring his regiment at once to St. Louis, where he greatly needed troops and was apprehensive of an attack from the enemy. Col. Smith ordered his regiment to Decatur, and, being desirous to consult the wishes of his men, left the matter for them to decide. They voted almost unanimously to go to St. Louis, to which place the regiment went at once, and was stationed at Jefferson Barracks. While there, a committee of the citizens of Decatur presented the colonel with a fine horse and sword, and the regiment with a beau- tiful flag — the latter the gift of the ladies of Decatur. From Jefferson Barracks the regiment, in August, 1861, proceeded to Jefferson City, and after a few days’ stay at the capital of Missouri, went to Sedalia. In September, Colonel Smith, in command of a brigade of several regiments and a battery, set out to join General Fremont at Carthage, in south-west Missouri. From Carthage he preceded General Fremont’s army and advanced by forced marches to Springfield, arriving six hours too late to take part in the fight which Major Zagonyi, of Fremont’s staff, had with the enemy. The day after, Gen. Fremont came up with the remainder of the army. A few days after, a council of war, at which Col. Smith w T as present, determined to continue the pursuit of the Confederate General Price, but the command having been transferred from Fremont to Hunter, the order was countermanded and the army returned, part to the Army of the Mississippi and part to winter quarters at Rolla, Missouri. In January, 1862, the army was reorganized under Gen. Curtis, and advanced in pursuit of the enemy towards Spring- field and Lebanon. Daily fights and skirmishes occurred, but the force pushed southward into Arkansas, and, on the sixth, seventh, and eighth of March, 1862, fought the battle of Pea Ridge. The enemy, under Gen. Van Dorn, numbered forty thousand. On the second day of the battle Col. Smith was ordered with his command, which included the Thirty-fifth Illinois Regiment, the Twenty-fifth Missouri, and the First Iowa Battery, to take position on the turn- pike near the Elk Horn Tavern. He soon afterward discovered the enemy in front deploying in mass column, apparently with a view of surrounding our army. He at once disposed his battery so as to command the three valleys, giving the enemy easy access to his position, and opened fire on the solid mass columns of the ene /, doing great execution. The enemy at once replied, without doing much damage for an hour or more, but finally, getting the proper range, poured great quantities of grape and canister into his com- mand. About two hours after the fight opened, Col. Smith’s horse was shot under him. While waiting for another horse, still in per- sonal command of his battery, his sword was struck in his hand, his belt cut from his body, he received a shot through his left shoulder and was struck on the right side of his head with a piece of shell, which fractured the skull. The blood flowed profusely from these wounds, but he continued in the fight until exhausted by the loss of blood ; he was then taken from the field, supposed to be mortally wounded. To ninety-nine out of one hundred men death would have resulted ; but his fine physical condition and determined will brought him safely through, though his wounds did not completely heal till 1868. His wounds rendering him unfit for field duty, in July, 1862, he was authorized to raise an independent brigade in Illinois, which he shortly accomplished, but was unable to accompany them to the field. In September, 1862, President Lincoln commissioned him Brigadier General for gallant and meritorious conduct on the field of battle. In March, 1863, he voluntarily reported to Gen. Rosecranz at Murfreesboro, Tenn., and asked to be assigned to active duty in the field, which request was refused, the surgeon reporting that in the condition of his wounds at that time, active service would jeopardize his life. At Murfreesboro he met his old regiment, the Thirty-fifth Illinois, two miles out, — and they escorted him to their camp. The rank and file of the regiment presented him with a magnificent sword (one of the sergeants mak- ing the presentation speech), on which was engraven these words : “ Presented to Col. G. A. Smith by the rank and file of the Thirty- fifth Illinois Regiment, for brave and gallant conduct at the battle of Pea Ridge ; to be used in the cause of human progress.” Gen. Rosecranz having been authorized to appoint a provost marshal general for Illinois, Gen. Smith received the appointment, in the appropriate orders, and proceeded at once to organize a full staff’; but in a few days these orders were countermanded by the Secretary of War, who ordered that Gen. Smith should organize and take command of a convalescent camp from the Army of the Cumberland, to be located near Murfreesboro. Gen. Smith at once proceeded to carry out these instructions under the direct command of Gen. George H. Thomas. This position gave him a fine field for the display of executive ability. The camp increased to thirty thousand men, and when it was disbanded the December following, he received complimentary thanks in the orders of both General Thomas and Gen. Rosecranz. Here he w r as mustered out of the service. In 1864 he took an active part in the re-election of Presi- dent Lincoln, and in the fall of that year tendered to General Han- cock, then commanding the Veteran Reserve, twenty thousand western veterans to be placed in a separate and distinct command. Hancock gladly accepted the offer, but could not prevail on Secre- tary Stanton to accept the command in that manner. Returning to Illinois Gov. Oglesby appointed him colonel of the One Hundred and Fifty-fifth Illinois Infantry Regiment, and in February, 1865, he was ordered to Nashville, Tenn., where he again came under the command of the gallant Thomas, who, on account of his wounds, refused him the privilege of going to the front, but, instead, detailed him on court- martial duty at Nashville, where he remained till Jan., 1866, when he was honorably discharged as a Brevet Brigadier General. He came back to Decatur, only to remove his family to Tennes- see, where, in company with his late adjutant general, he raised a crop of cotton. In the spring of 1867 he removed to Alabama and raised a large cotton crop, but lost heavily by being obliged to sell at a low price. In 1868 he canvassed the State of Alabama for Grant. He was tendered the republican nomination to congress, which he declined, but was pressed to accept the nomination for a member of the board of education and board of regents of the state for a term of four years, this body being made by the constitution a part of the legislature of the state. He was elected to this position R ES / DE/VCE A /V D FrUIT Farm of M. ECKERT, 2 Miles North West of Decatur, III. mw&: HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 153 by a large majority. He resigned in 1870, to accept the position tendered him by President Grant, which he now holds, of United States Collection and Disbursing Agent for the Collection District of New Mexico. He has been frequently complimented by the department for the able and prompt discharge of his duties. He is an occasional visitor at Decatur, and says that there is no place beside so interesting and attractive to him. He attributes its prosperity largely to the unanimity of action inaugurated by the early residents of Decatur, those of whom still remaining he always meets with great gladness. He was originally an old line whig in politics. He became a Douglas democrat on the death of the whig party, and in 1858 and 1860 supported Douglas as a personal friend. He declined the nomination for the legislature, tendered by the Fillmore and Douglas party in 1856, and in 1860 refused to become a can- didate for the same office when urged to make the race by the Douglas democrats. His record since the war as an ear- nest republican is well known. He has had ten children, seven sons and three daughters. Five sons and one daughter now living: William A. Smith, the oldest son, is in business at Las Vegas, New Mexico ; C. B. Smith is Deputy United States Collector at Las Vegas ; Thomas Owen Smith, and his daughter, Nellie B., reside at Santa Fe : and Gustavus A. Smith, Jr., and James Edward Smith live at Las Vegas. He has been an active member of the order of Odd Fellows since January, 1849, and in 1856 was Deputy Grand Master of the State of Illinois. LINN & SCRUGGS. Among the leading business establishments of Decatur is the Dry Goods house ofLinn & Scruggs. This firm began business in September, 1869, at first occupying No. 24 Merchant street, and four or five months afterward removing to the Stamper & Condell corner. They embarked in business with the purpose of building up an extensive trade by offering to customers the best possible ad- vantages, and selling large quantities of goods at low prices. As a result they at once, advanced to the position of the leading Dry Goods house of Central Illinois. The magnitude of their business may be judged from the fact that their sales reach the large sum of a quarter million of dollars a year — the largest retail business ever transacted in the United States in a town of no larger population than Decatur. The extent of their business demanding new and enlarged facilities, the construction of a building for their especial use was begun by Orlando Pow’ers, on the corner of the Court- house block. This building was constructed under the direct supervision of Messrs. Linn and Scruggs, and great pains have been taken to adapt it in respect to the carrying on of their large busi- ness. The store, which has a front of seventy-four feet on Water street and eighty-eight feeton East Main street, is filled with anew and complete stock of goods. One side of the spacious room is devoted respectively to Carpets and Oil Cloths, Cloaks and Shawls Gents’ Furnishing Goods, and Corsets and Hosiery. All the other articles usually found in a well regulated Dry Goods store, such as Gloves, Ribbons and Notions, Dress Goods, White Goods, Hand- kerchiefs, Embroideries and Laces, Prints, Linens, Woolen and gen- eral housekeeping goods, are arranged on the different counters so as to be readily displayed for the inspection of buyers. A con- venient and handsome dressing-room for the ladies, adjoins the salesroom on the south. The firm has an elegant office in the south-west corner. In short every arrangement has been made for the comfort and convenience of customers, and the carrying on of their immense business. Into this new store, which is the largest retail store in the state, outside of the city of Chicago, the firm 20 moved in September, 1880, but for some time yet will also occupy the old stand. The gentlemen who compose this firm have been in the dry goods trade all their lives, and have made excellent records as suc- cessful business men. Both are natives of Virginia. W. H. Linn w y as born at Woodstock, Virginia. He came West in the year 1847. He was at first employed in one of the leading dry goods houses of St. Louis, and in 1860 engaged in business on his own ac- count at Belleville. William R. Scruggs was born near Liberty, Virginia. In early life he was engaged in the mercantile business. He came to St- Louis in the year 1851. Here he made the acquaint- ance of his present partner. He was subsequently in business in New York. On forming their present partnership Messrs. Linn & Scruggs wisely selected Decatur as the best place for the location of a great dry goods store. Their success is the best evidence as to their enterprise and liberality in conducting business. Their aim has been to sell reliable goods at reasonable prices, and the large trade they have built up goes to show that their efforts have been appreciated by the people of this part of the state. EDWARD A. JONES Is a native of Madison county, Ohio, and was born February 20th, 1818. His ancestors settled at an early period on the eastern shore of Maryland, where they lived for several generations. His father, Thomas Jones, and his mother, whose name before marriage was Mary Dale Truitt, were both natives of Worcester county, Mary- land. His maternal grandfather was a sea-captain. In the year 1816 his parents moved from Maryland to Ohio, and at first located in Ross county, and in 1818 settled in Madison county. The sub- ject of this biography was the third of a family of seven children. The schools which he attended in his boyhood were held in log school-houses of rough external appearance; but it was his fortune to be under the instruction of thorough and capable teachers, among whom was a man named Miskey and one Peter Smith, who died recently in northern Illinois, both men of superior qualifica- tions. In 1838 Mr. Jones came to Illinois with an elder brother for the purpose of buying cattle. He subsequently usually spent a part of each year in this state, and in 1854 made it his permanent home. On coming to Macon county he purchased land in Maroa and Austin townships and other parts of the county, and settled at his present location on the Bloomington road, north of Decatur. At that time the settlements in the county were along the timber. It was then thought that considerable portions of the prairie would always remain uncultivated, and Mr. Jones’ purchases of land in the northern part of the county were made with the idea of securing a cattle ranch. He has altogether improved about three thousand acres of land in Macon county, and has been engaged in farming and dealing in land and stock. Mr. Jones has been interested in agricultural matters, and with the Macon County Agricultural Association he has been connected since its first organization. He was its second president, assisted in the purchase of the present grounds, and has subsequently been associated with it as a director or one of its general officers. Mr. Jones began his political course as a member of the Whig organization, but became a Republican on the first formation of that party, and has acted with it ever since. He was married July 1st, 1852, to Margery F. Elkin, of Springfield, Illinois. Her father, William F. Elkin, was born in Clark county, Kentucky, came to Illinois in 1825, and settled in Sangamon county, on Fancy creek, eight miles north of Springfield, where Mrs. Jones was born. 154 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS The subject of this sketch was born, August 26th, 1844, near the little village of Wilkesville, Vinton county, Ohio. At the age of four years his father removed to Columbia township, Meigs county, where young Trainer was brought up. Settling as his father did in his wild forest home, his sons grew up in the “ clear- ing,” and were thoroughly inured to the hardships of the very severest farm labor. Mr. Trainer well remembers what it is “to pick brush, to grub, to chop, to maul rails, to roll logs and to plow ” day after day. Thus situated, he did not have much opportunity for acquiring knowledge in the school-room. After he was old enough to do any kind of work on the farm he was allowed to at- tend school a short time, in mid-winter or “ of rainy days.” By the time that he had reached his majority he had made up his mind to try and get an education ; accordingly, he “ went to the furnace,” and hauled wood and worked in the “ coaling ” in order to secure means to buy books and for the purpose of attending school. As soon as this was accomplished he entered Ewington Academy, and remained in his classes one year ; his funds failing he procured a teacher’s certificate and taught school one year in Vinton county. He then attended Atwood Institute, Albany, Athens county, another year ; then taught and attended this insti- tution of learning till he obtained, what might be termed, a good academic education. In 1869 he came to Illinois and stopped with Mr. Jesse Lockheart, of Niantic, as a farm hand. Mr. L., learning that he was a teacher, persuaded him to take a school in the fall of that year, instead of going to Missouri, as he intended. He procured a school in the Dingman district, and has taught in this county continuously to the present. In 1877 he was elected to the office of County Superintendent of schools for Macon county, by a large majority, and has successfully filled this office, three of the four years for which he was elected, his term expiring in 1881. Mr. Trainer is what he has made himself — an industrious, practi- cal man, a man of few theories ; but when he has one he invariably puts it to the practical test. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 155 CHARLES LAUX, Tiie present proprietor of the St. Nicholas Hotel of Decatur, 111., was born in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, February 22d, 1843. He came with his father to America in 1854, and settled in Decatur, 111. ; his father remained here until his death in 1859. In 1861 Charles went to California, and while there was employed in different capacities in the hotels of the Pacific coast, and also re- ceived his first instruction and experience in operating hotels. He • remained there for four and a half years, when he returned to Decatur, and in connection with his brothers, under the name of Laux Brothers, purchased the St. Nicholas Hotel. The partner- ship continued until January 1st, 1880, when he became the sole proprietor. His business life in Decatur commenced with his con- nection with the hotel interests of the city. Under his vigorous and judicious management the St. Nicholas has earned an enviable reputation among the hotels of the state and with the travelling public. Mr. Laux’ long experience in the business has learned him to judge correctly as to the wants of his guests and to admin- ister to their comfort in a manner that has won the approbation and esteem of his patrons. That the St- Nicholas has been and is one of the most prosperous hotels in central Illinois is attributable to that fact. Mr. Laux is of a pleasing and accommodating dispo- sition, which comes naturally to him, and the travelling public soon learn to appreciate efforts made to render them comfortable and give their sojourn with him the pleasant features of a home-like life. Few men in Decatur are better, more widely or favorably known than Mr. Laux. The St. Nicholas is a favorite resort and centre of local attraction, and on all public occasions is thronged with citizens and strangers. JAMES MILLIKIN. James Millikin, who since 1860 carried on the banking business in Decatur, is a native of Pennsylvania, and was born in Washington county of that state on the second of August, 1830. On his father’s side, his ancestors were from Scotland, and settled in Pennsylvania previous to the Revolutionary ivar. His father, Abel Millikin, was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania. His mother, whose maiden name was Nannie V. Van Dyke, was of English descent. Her mother was an English -woman, and her father also came from England, though the name indicates that the family originally came from Holland. The subject of this sketch was the third of five children. Obtaining his elementary education in the public schools of his native county, at the age of seventeen he entered Washington College, where he was a student for two years. In the fall of 1850, then twenty years of age, he came to Illinois and first made his home at Danville. He began dealing in live stock with what capital he could command, and carried on the business quite extensively for several years. In the year 1855 he began to invest in government land, and entered large tracts in this state and in Iowa. He entered the land, on which the town of Bennetis now built. At one time he was the owner of forty thousand acres in Iowa. Here movements were judiciously made and proved profitable. In 1860 he began the banking business at Decatur under the firm name of J. Millikin & Co. and has carried on the banking business unin- terruptedly from that time to the present. This bank has the repu- tation of being one of the soundest institutions in this part of the state, and has commanded the confidence of the public even in times of the greatest financial depression. Mr. Millikin was brought up to believe in the doctrines of the old whig party, but when that organization dissolved and the republican party was formed he be- came, and has since remained, a republican. He has never cared to occupy public office, though he has represented Decatur township in the board of supervisors, and his ward in the city council. He is a man of positive convictions. His business career demonstrates that he posessesa mind of unusual clearness. Few men have been more uniformly successful in their business transactions. He has been a resident of Decatur since 1857. SAMUEL POWERS, Now one of the oldest residents of Decatur, is a native of Saratoga county, New York, and was born on the 18th of May, 1816. The family from which he is descended settled in New York. His grandfather was principally raised in Connecticut. William Powers, his father, was born in Connecticut, and was brought up mostly at Bridgeport, in that state, at the home of Col. St. John, whom his mother married after the death of her first husband. Mr. Powers’ mother’s name was Abigail Hendricks ; she w T as a native of Connec- ticut and descended from Scotch and English ancestors. After his marriage his father engaged for a time in the boot and shoe busi- ness in the city of New York, -which he abandoned to undertake agricultural pursuits. He had a taste for stock and farming. He made his home in Saratoga county, New York, when it was a new and unsettled country. The journey from New York city, up the Hudson river, was made in a sloop and occupied two or three weeks. That was before the day of steamboats. William Powers died at the age of forty-two when the subject of this sketch was in his ninth year. His early life was spent in his native county, working on the farm during the summer months and in the winter attending school, after the usual way in which the boys of that day received their education. When he became twenty-one the farm of which he had the management since he was fourteen, was sold, and he concluded to go to Alabama, in which state his older brothers had become successfully engaged in business. At Mobile one of his brothers was carrying on a large commission and exchange business, and he spent one winter in that city. He then went to Tuscaloosa, where his brother, Orlando Powers, was conducting a mercantile business. Not liking an in-door life, and being fond of stock and accustomed to farming, he decided not to accept the situations which were offered him, but to come to Illinois. In company with his next elder brother, George Powers, he made the journey from Alabama on horseback through Tennessee and Kentucky, crossing the Ohio at Shawneetown and arriving at Decatur in July, 1839. At that time Decatur was a small town. Some railroads had been sur- veyed, with Decatur as a prominent point on the proposed lines, and in his judgment it gave promise of becoming a thriving inland town. The best private residence then in the place was the old building south of the court-house, now used by Mr.- Powers as an office. His capital at that time consisted of only a few hundred dollars. He and his brother bought the land, which Mr. Powers still owns, adjoining the town on the east and w T ent to farming. For six months, having obtained the contract, he carried the mail between Decatur & Homer and other points in Champaign county. In three or four years he managed to accumulate sufficient capital to engage in a small way in the stock business. Stock then sold at low prices. A fat hog was worth then about two dollars, and a good four year old steer brought eight or eight and a half. He had 156 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. good judgment about stock, and for a considerable number of years lie carried on the business successfully. His means were at first limited, but he proved himself prompt and unfailing in meeting his obligations, thus obtaining an excellent credit, on which he trans- acted a large business. There were no banks in the county for many years, the state banks having gone under in the financial panic, and an abundance of cash or the best of credit was necessary for success in any considerable transaction. Sellers of stock would give him the preference because they were sure of their money, and to this fact he attributes his success. He lived on the farm he first purchased till 1868, and then moved to his present residence in the south-west part of Decatur. In February, 1854, he was married to Caroline M. Giles, a na- tive of Massachusetts. He has had eight children: William L. Powers, the oldest son, died in his twenty-third year. Myra is also deceased. George Powers is engaged in business at Jacksonville ; Carrie, Theoron, Frank, Edward and Chauncey are at Decatur. Mr. Powers was first a member of the Whig party, with which he voted as long as that organization remained in existence, and then became a Republican. He has always been busy with his private affairs, and has never cared to occupy any public position. He was, however, elected a member of the board of supervisors from Decatur township. He deserves considerable credit for what he has done to improve the breed of horses. To this business he has given a great deal of attention for a number of years, and as a breeder of fine horses his name is favorably known throughout the United States. Among those he has bred and owned are some that have competed successfully with the best horses in America. Mr. Powers’ history is a good illustration of what may be accomplished by good business management and upright and honorable dealing. He has been identified with the history of Decatur almost as long as any other of its citizens, and his name justly deserves a place in the permanent history of Macon county. DR. J. STEBBINS KING. Dr. King’s ancestors were early settlers of New England. His father was named Alexander C. King, and his mother was Emeline Fitch Stebbins. The King family settled at Suffield, Connecticut, in 1816. The Stebbins family came from England, and settled at Roxbury, Massachusetts, in the year 1630. This was only ten years after the landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth Rock. His mother was connected with the Fitch family, one of the members of which was John Fitch, who built the first steamboat in 1788, and navigated it on the Delaware river. Dr. King’s parents were mar ried at Hatfield, Massachusetts, September 29th, 1831, and the same day started for Terre Haute, Indiana, where they arrived on the 12th of October. Their oldest child, James Stebbins King, was born at Terre Haute, Ind., May 9th, 1836. Alexander H. King was one of the early mer- chants in Terre Haute, having located there in 1823. In 1848 he moved to Clinton, Indiana, and in 1852 settled at Leroy, McLean county, in this state. In both places he was engaged in the mercantile business. Dr. King had good educa- tional advantages. He attended the common schools, and after- wards a select school at Leroy. When seventeen he became teacher of a school at Leroy, which he taught about a year, and then taught six months at Toronto, Indiana. He began the study of medicine in 1856, with Drs. S. A. Noble and J. W. Coleman, of Leroy. He matriculated at the Rush Medical College of Chicago, in the autumn of 1858, and the next fall began his second course of lectures at the Ohio Medical College of Cincinnati, from which he graduated with distinction in March, 1860. Immediately after his graduation he was elected resident physi- cian to St. John’s Hotel for Invalids at Cincinnati, which position he held for a year He then established himself in practice at Le Mont, near Chicago, where he remained till 1863, when he offered his services to the government, and was appointed acting assistant surgeon in the regular army. From October, 1863, to March, 1864, he was surgeon in charge of the Thirty-Fifth Iowa regiment. From March to July 1864 he was post-surgeon at Vicksburg on General McPherson’s staff. He afterward acted in the same capacity at Natchez, and had charge of the hospitals at that post, till his resignation in the fall of 1865. After his resignation from the army, he was placed in charge of the state hospital at Natchez, and established himself in general practice. The unsettled condition of affairs in the South induced him to return to Illinois, and in May, 1874, he became a resident of Decatur, where he has since been engaged in the active practice of his profession. He was married on the thirty-first of December, 1860, to Mary E. Carter, a native of St. Catharines, Canada. He has two children. In his politics he has generally voted the democratic ticket, though he has occupied an independent position, holding himself free to support the best men of either political party. In 1876 he served as county physician. He is a member of St. John’s Episcopal Church. He is connected with the Masonic Fra- ternity, and is a member of Beaumanoir Commaudery, Knights Templar, of Decatur. He belongs to the Decatur Medical Society, the District Medical Society of Central Illinois, and the American Medical Association. JOHN DINNEEN. John ; Dinneen, who in 1878 was elected coroner of Macon county, is a native of Ireland, and was born in the county of Cork, in November, 1836. His parents were Daniel Dinneen and Catharine Maloney. He was the second of a family of three children. His mother died when he was about six years old. In the year 1847 his father emigrated to America with two of his children, Mr. Dinneen and a sister. The oldest child, a boy, died in Ireland. They came in a sailing vessel from Cork to Montreal, Canada. For about a year they lived at St- Catharines, Upper Canada, and then moved to Worcester county, Massachusetts. Mr. Dinneen had gone to school a little in Ireland, but obtained almost his entire education in Massachusetts, where he attended school pretty regu- larly. At fourteen he went to work in a cotton factory, and at odd spells worked on a farm. In March, 1856, then twenty years old, he came to Springfield, Illinois. He was employed several years on the Great Western railroad, now the Wabash. Until 1861 he worked on the track, and was then promoted to take charge of the yard at Decatur. August, 1875, he opened a grocery store on Broadway, Decatur, which he has since carried on. January, 1864, he married Rose McDonald, a native of Ulster, Ireland, by whom he has two children, Catharine and Daniel. Until February, 1880, his residence was on a small farm which he owned, a short distance from the city limits. He was raised among the AVhigs in Massachusetts, but subsequently became a democrat, and in 1860 voted for Douglas. In 1878 the democrats of Macon county nominated him for coroner. His popularity proved so great that he ran ahead of his ticket, and was the only democrat on it elected. He again received the nomination in 1880. He has many friends throughout the county. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 157 F. L. Hays, who has now been engaged in the dry goods busi- ness longer than any other merchant in Decatur, is a native of the town of Delaware, Delaware county, Ohio, and was born on the 23d of August, 1836, the son of Thomas and Abby (Johns) Hays. His ancestors were early residents of Ohio, and located at Marietta, the first permanent settlement in the state. He was raised in the town of Delaware. He had excellent opportunities for securing an education. He attended the common schools till the age of sixteen, and then entered the Ohio Wesleyan University, in his native town, in which he was a student two years, pursuing the regular classical course. After leaving college he went into a dry goods store, in the town of Delaware, thus gaining his 'first experience in the mercantile business, with which he has been connected from that time to the present. In 1855, he came West, arriving at Decatur in July of that year. He became a clerk in the store of Stamper and Elliott, with whom he remained till October, 1857, when he began business on his own account, opening a store under the firm name of F. L. Hays & Co. He was at that time only twenty-one years of age, without capital, but showed that he pos- sessed excellent business qualifications. His father furnished a capital of three thousand dollars, with which business was begun, at first in a modest and cautious way, but afterward, as soon as the firm saw that success was certain, on a larger scale. In August, 1862, the second year of the war of the Rebellion, he raised a company of men, which became Co. F. of the 115th Illi- nois volunteer infantry. He received a commission as captain. Taking the field in October, 1862, his regiment first saw service against the Confederate Gen. Bragg, in Kentucky. In January, 1863, the regiment was sent into Tennessee, and formed part of the Reserve Corp of the Army of the Cumberland. It participated in the battles of Chickamauga and Resaca, Georgia, and took part in several long and trying marches. In June, 1864, he was pro- moted to major, and made additional paymaster, and served as such till February, 1865, a short time before the close of the war, when he resigned. While acting as paymaster, he was stationed at Louisville, Springfield, Illinois, and Indianapolis. After re- turning to Decatur, he devoted his whole attention to the dry goods business, which had been carried on uninterruptedly in his absence. In 1865, the firm built the present store on Water street, and thus gained enlarged facilities. The firm remained as first formed till 1872, when Thomas Hays retired, and a partner- ship was formed with G. M. Bruce, under the firm name of Hays & Bruce. Business was carried on in that manner till 1876, when he became associated with E. D. Bartholomew, under the firm i name of Hays & Bartholomew. Mr. Bartholomew gave place to Thomas Hays in 1879, and the old firm name of F. L. Hays & Co. was again restored. Major Hays needs no commendation to the people of Macon county as a dry goods merchant. He has always endeavored to sell reliable goods at a minimum cost, and to make his profits rather from a large amount of sales, than high charges for any particular articles. A general dry goods business has been carried on, and he has found it to pay best to direct his attention to the sale of standard and reliable articles. His store is well- known to the residents of this part of the state, and customers have invariably received generous and fair treatment. He was married in September, 1861, to Miss Hattie White, a 158 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. native of Bainbridge, Ohio, and a resident of Decatur at the time of her marriage. He has four children. In his political affilia- tions he has always been connected with the republican party, and has voted for every republican candidate for president since Abraham Lincoln, in 1860. He has paid close attention to busi- ness, and has never filled any public office. J. B. and W. J. WAYNE. The Wayne Bros., who have been in the carriage-making business at Decatur since 1872, are natives of Greensburgh, West- moreland county, Pennsylvania. Their ancestors belonged to the same family as Gen. Anthony Wayne c*f revolutionary celebrity. Their parents, Jacob S. Wayne and Fannie (Clark) Wayne, were born in Westmoreland county. J. B. Wayne was born in 1833, was brought up in Westmoreland county, and learned the trade of a carriage-maker at Greensburgh. W. J. Wayne was born on the twelfth of October, 1845. When he was thirteen years old the family removed to Shelbyville, Kentucky, resided there from 1858 to 1861, and then came to Quincy, Illinois. At fifteen he began to learn the trade of a carriage-painter and draughtsman with E. M. Miller & Co., of Quincy, working during the summer months, and in the winter attending school. He mastered the trade in all its departments, and gained an excellent reputation as a first-class painter on carriage-work. In 1868 the brothers opened a carriage shop at Quincy, and in 1872 came to Decatur, which they believed to offer better business opportunities than any other town. They began without means, and at first employed two men. They turned out a superior article of work, their business increased rapidly, and as many as twenty-six hands have been -employed at once in their factory. They manufacture anything on wheels, from a sulky to a street-car (except farm wagons), and have gained especial praise for the work furnished the fire departments of several cities. They have taken premiums and diplomas at the Adams County Fair, Sangamon County Fair, St. Louis Fair, Iowa State Fair, the Illi- nois State Fair, and at the fairs of other agricultural associations. W. J. Wayne was married in 1873 to Elizabeth Bishop, born near London, England. He represented the first ward in the city coun- cil in 1877 and 1878. He has taken a deep interest in the fire department of Decatur, and is now first assistant chief. In 1876 he was Secretary of the State Firemen’s Association. Both are republicans in politics. D. S. SHELLABARGER. This gentleman, who has been prominently connected with the milling interests of Decatur since 1858, is a native of Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, and was born on the eleventh of July, 1837. His ancestors had been residents of that part of Pennsylvania for a long number of years. His father, David Shellabarger, and his mother, whose name before marriage was Catharine Byerly, were natives of the same county. The subject of this sketch was the fifth of a family of ten children. His birth-place was on the banks of the Conodogwinet creek, eight miles above Carlisle, the principal town of the Cumberland valley, a region noted for its beauty and fertility. He was brought up on a farm. He attended the public schools, but his education is chiefly the result of study and experience after reaching years of maturity. He was the oldest son at home, and after he became large enough to be of much service, his time was principally employed in work about the farm. In his nineteenth year he made up his mind to come west, and in the spring of 1856 reached Decatur. He soon afterward engaged in the lumber business, which he abandoned in 1858, to purchase a one-third interest in a mill which then stood on the present site of Priest’s mill, but which has since been destroyed by fire. At that time he had no practical experience at milling, although he came from a family of millers. His grandfather owned a mill adjoining the farm on which he was raised in Pennsylvania, and other members of the family had followed that occupation. Busi- ness was carried on under the name of Henkle, Shellabarger & Co., till 1863, when he disposed of his interest in the firm, and pur- chased one-half of the mill, which he now owns. His partners were I. Shellabarger and B. Dillehunt, and the firm was known as I. Shellabarger & Co. In 1869 the present firm of D. S. Shella- barger & Co. was established. Under their enterprising and liberal management their business has reached large proportions. The mill has been enlarged several times, and in 1879 a new mill was built in addition to the old structure. The mill is one of the principal business features of Decatur, and is the largest in Central Illinois. Mr. Shellabarger also has an interest in a mill at Topeka, and another at Wichita, Kansas, which are among the best mills in that state. With all the practical details of milling he has made him- self thoroughly acquainted, and gives close personal supervision to every branch of his business. His marriage occurred on the seventh of January, 1862, to Miss Anna E. Krone, -who was born in Decatur. He has seven children, three sons and four daughters. From the time he was old enough to take an interest in political matters, his sympathies have been with the Republican party. His first vote for President was cast for Abraham Lincoln in 1860. Though engrossed in the manage- ment of a large business, he has given considerable time to public affairs, and has filled several public positions. He acted as aider- man in 1869, 1870 and 1871, and was again elected to the same office in 1880. In 1872 he served as Mayor of Decatur. For two terms he also represented Decatur township in the Board of Super- visors. He has been for many years a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. For the last ten years he has been superinten- dent of the Sunday-school connected with Stapp’s Chapel. R. L. PERRY. R. L. Perry, who has been a resident of Decatur since 1867, was born in the town of Lee, Oneida county, New York, May 7th, 1826. His grandfather, Robert Perry, emigrated from England, and settled in New York City, when it was a place of small size and importance, where he carried on the printing and book- binding business. His father, whose name was also Robert Perry, learned the trade of a printer and book-binder, which he followed till he settled on a farm in Oneida county, New York, where he died. The subject cf this sketch was the oldest of seven children. His mother was Chloe Wilkinson, whose parents were natives of New Hampshire. At fifteen he learned the cabinet-maker’s trade, and before he was twenty-one was foreman of a large shop at Rome, New York. He afterward went into the pattern shop of the Syracuse and Utica railroad, now a part of the New York Central, and in a few months was transferred to the company’s car shops at Oneida. He was next put in charge of a gang of men, and placed on the track. In 1854 he laid the track of the .road from Syracuse to Binghampton, and in 1855, the southern division of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western road from Syracuse to the Delaware river. From 1857 to 1867, he was road-master of the New York Central, and had charge of the track from Roches- /? ES/ D E /V C E OF ys of Illinois of forty years ago, he was deprived of educational advantages and facilities for attending good schools and receiving such learning as now falls to the lot of the youth of the present day. His father dying while Milton w r as yet in his youth, he was compelled to help support himself and others of the family, and at an early age became a producer as well as a consumer. He grew to manhood and remained in Morgan county until the 28th of March, 1855, when he came to Maroa town- ship, Macon county, and purchased eighty acres of raw land, built a cabin and went to work improving it. There he has lived till the present time. On the 22d of September, 1853, he married Isabella Todd. She died September 14th, 1874. By this marriage there have been three children living, named Henry M., John N., and Mary A. Funk. On the 22d of December, 1875, he married Miss Melissa Smith of Effingham county, Illinois. By this later mar- riage there is one child, named Ibra Maud Funk. He is a mem- ber of the Christian Church, and his wife of the Presbyterian. Politically he is a sound and thorough democrat, and gave James Buchanan his first vote in 1856. Mr. Funk is esteemed by all who know him. He is a good man, and an enterprising and first-class citizen. W. J. COMPTON. The subject of this sketch was born in Morgan county, Indiana, August 26th, 1843. The Compton family are of English and Scotch descent. Their ancestors came to America and settled in Virginia, about the close of the sixteenth century. Ephraim Comp- ton, the father of W. J., was born in Culpepper county, Virginia. He removed with his father to Ohio, while yet young, and remained there until 1842, when he went to Indiana. In 1844 he returned to Ohio, where he remained until 1856, when he came to Illinois and settled in Champaign county, where he still resides. He mar- ried Elizabeth Johnson. She was born in Ohio. By this marriage there were ten children, six of whom are now living, and all have arrived at the age of maturity. The subject of this sketch is the second in the family. His education was obtained in the common schools of the county, and in the South-western State Normal School, situated at Lebanon, Ohio. He spent one year in the latter place, and fitted himself for the profession of teaching. After his arrival in Champaign county, he worked upon his father’s farm, and in the agricultural store in Mahomet, and remained in the above named county until the fall of 1861, when he went to Leb- anon, Ohio, and entered the school as above stated. From there he returned to Illinois, and taught school in Logan county during the winters of 1862, 1863 and 1864. It was while he was engaged in teaching, that he made the acquaintance of his wife, Miss Mary Conover. The marriage took place October 20th, 1864. Her parents, Tylee and Hester Conover, came from Ohio to Illinois in 1857, and settled in Logan county ; Mrs. Compton was born in Shelby county, Ohio, but was a resident of Logan county, Illinois, at the time of her marriage. After Mr. Compton’s marriage he engaged in farming for two years, then removed to Maroa, and en- tered the service of J. M. Richards & Co., who w r ere largely inter- ested in the grain business. He remained with the firm one year, then removed to Bloomington, and was employed in the Phoenix Nursery for two years, then returned with his family to Maroa, and took a position as book-keeper in the flouring mill of T. Cono- ver. He continued in that capacity for three years, then purchased the business and leased the mill, and operated it for three years 174 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. longer. He then sold out and entered into a co-partnership with C. F. Emery, in the purchasing and shipping of grain. This business arrangement still continues. The firm have superior facili- ties, and handle large quantities of grain each year. Politically Mr. Compton is a member of the republican party. His first presidential vote was cast for Abraham Lincoln, in 1864; since that time he has seen no reason to change his political views, and consequently is recognized and known as a stalwart and staunch believer in republican principles. He is a member of Maroa Lodge, No. 454, A. F. & A. M., and of Goodbrake Chapter, No. 59, R. A. M., of Clinton, Illinois. In both orders he is known as an active and bright mason. His marriage has been blessed with three children, all girls, named Minnie, Aggie, and Lillie, aged respectively, twelve, eight and three years. In his habits he is temperate, and is an advocate of the temperance cause. Socially and personally, Mr. Compton is an agreeable and pleasant gentle- man. As a business man he is quick, prompt, energetic, and reli- able, and honorable in all of his transactions with his fellow-men. Both he and his excellent wife are members of the Christian Church. JOHN LONGSTREET. The ancestry of the Longstreet family is of Scotch-Irish and German extraction. The grandfather of the subject of this sketch was born in New Jersey. He removed to Ohio about the year 1810, and settled in Warren county. His son, Aaron Longstreet, father of John, is still a resident of that state. He married Mary Galiher. Her father, John Galiher, is still living, although at the advanced age of ninety-two years. Mrs. Longstreet died in 1841. Mr. Longstreet afterward married Nancy Ward. She died in 1876. By the first marriage there were three children — all boys. The subject of this sketch is the eldest of these children. He was born in Butler county, Ohio, September 2d, 1832. Like most farmers’ sons, his boyhood was passed upon the farm, assisting in the work during the summer months, and attending the country schools during the winter. He grew to manhood, and remained beneath the parental roof until his twentieth year, when he commenced life for himself. He leased a farm, and continued its cultivation for three years, when he embarked in the mercantile business in the town of Middletown, Butler county. One year later he and his brother leased the home-farm for two years. He remained in Ohio until 1862, when he came west, and settled in Maroa township, where he has resided and continued farming until the present time. On the first of November, 1857, while yet a resident of Ohio, he was united in marriage to Miss Yashti Wycoff. She is of Ger- man extraction. The Wycoff family were originally from New Jersey. They came west to Ohio, at a period when the city of Cin- cinnati had but two houses. They were among the very early settlers of the state. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Longstreet has been blessed with seven children, all of whom are living, and yet at home. Mr. Longstreet is an honored member of the order of Freemasonry, and belongs to Maroa Lodge, No. 454, and Good- brake Chapter of Clinton, Illinois. Politically he is a believer in the principles as enunciated in the platform of the republican party. He has represented his township in the Board of Super- visors for five consecutive terms. He is an influential member of the Board. He is a member of the Finance Committee, and was one of the five of that committee who negatived the refunding of $187,000 of the Macon County Bonds. His frequent re-elections attest his fitness for the responsible plaoe, and is also expressive of i the confidence reposed in him by his constituency. NIANTIC TOWNSHIP. IANTIC is formed from parts of the congressional town- ships 16 and 17 N., R. 1 W., and contains twenty- eight full and two fractional sections. It is bounded on the north by Logan county ; on the east by Illini and Harristown townships ; on the south by the Sangamon river, and on the west by Sangamon county. This territory, formerly classed under the head of swamp lands, was practically donated to Macon county, because it was regarded as absolutely worthless, while to-day it ranks among the best agricultural townships. The soil, composed of decayed vegetable matter, is a deep, rich, black loam, very fertile and productive. Willow Branch, with its several affluents, drain the lands and furnish water for stock purposes. The main line of the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific railway passes through the township from east to west about a mile south of the centre. EARLY SETTLEMENTS. This township was among the earliest settled in the county. In the year 1825, Joseph Strickling, a native of either Ohio or Ken- tucky, settled in section 23, T. 16 N., R. 1 W., and to him belongs the honor of first settling what is now Niantic township. Mr. Strickling erected a log house and improved some land on section 23, where he resided for a number of years. His family was of ordinary size ; some of them died and the others have moved away. At present none of the pioneer family are living in the county. Very soon after Mr. Strickling, Niantic received another settler in the person of William Turner, who came with his family from one of the adjoining counties and located on section 15, where he erect- ed a log cabin and began improvements. From this time to the year 1840, there were but few permanent settlers. About the year 1840, a settlement was made by Joseph Blankenship on, or very near section 25, (Twp. 16-1.) The first birth was that of a child of Wyatt Strickling, which occurred at a very early date after the first settlement of the Strick- ling neighborhood. Another child of Wyatt Strickling died a number of years after their settlement, and was the first death in the township. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 175 A pay-school, taught by James Harper, in the house of a farmer living in the southern part of the township, was the first in Niantic. The first school-house was built of logs in 1847, and was located on section 23. Rev. A. D. Northcutt, a very prominent gentleman in the early church and pioneer history of Christian, Macon, and adjoining counties, and at present a resident of Prairieton township, Chris- tian county, delivered the first sermon in this township. The first local, resident preacher was the Rev. Dr. J. H. Hughes, who was a man of very fine attainments and an elegant and polished Christian gentleman. Revs. John W. Tyler and John England were also among the early preachers. A Dr. Stewart, who located in the town of Niantic in 1856, was the first physician. In the year 1856, Joab Wilkinson was elected the first justice of the peace, which position he continued to fill for several years. In the year 1855, Samuel Power erected a blacksmith shop on section 11, and began smithing for the neighborhood. The first mill of any kind erected was a horse-power saw-mill, by Messrs. Dingman and Sanders, on section 23, in the timber along the Sangamon, in the autumn of 1855. Some of the earliest importations of the finer breeds of stock were as follows : in the year 1850, James Dingman brought from Ken- tucky some thoroughbred horses. Hugh Mooney brought to this township in 1876, an imported Norman horse, and later, in 1878 he purchased a herd of short-horn cattle. The first entry of land dates back to November 30th, 1829, when Wyatt Strickland entered 80 acres in section 23 ; also on January 27th, he entered 80 acres more in same section. William Turner entered May 17th, 1830, 80 acres in section No. 15 ; all the above lands are in township No. 16 N. R. 1 west. The following lands are located in T. 17 N. R. 1 west. Wm. Constant entered April 18th, 1850, 80 acres in section 33. Charles W. Morgan entered June 14th, 1850, the S. i of the N. W. J and NJ of the S. W. i of section No. 33, 160 acres. Below we append the supervisors : J. H. Hughes, elected in 1860, re-elected in 1861 ; J. A. Pritchett, elected in 1862 ; J. W. Corbett, elected in 1863, and re-elected in 1864, 1865, and 1866 ; A. W. Pritchett, elected in 1867 ; Sheldon Parks, elected in 1868 ; Shaw Pease, elected in 1869; Thomas Acorn, elected in 1870; S. Parks, elected in 1871, and re-elected in 1872; James Dingman, elected in 1873, re-elected in 1874; J. R. Ash, elected in 1875 ; A. C. Edgar, elected in 1876, and re-elected each year to the present. Among some of the oldest and most prominent citizens now re- siding in this township may be mentioned : Geo. W. Gepford, a native of Pennsylvania, who came here in 1842, and now lives on section 11 ; Thomas A. Pritchett, a Kentuckian, who is now a mer- chant in Niantic, came in 1856; A. C. Edgar, James Hogeu, J. S. Kizer, H. N. Clark of New York, and Hullinger, from Ohio. THE TOWN OF NIANTIC Is situated in section 11, of T. 16 N. R. 1 W-, on the main line of the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific railway, about eleven miles west of Decatur. It is surrounded by an excellent agricultural country, and large shipments of grain and stock are annually made. When laid out, in the year 1852, just after the completion of the railroad by Calvin Lockhart and Thomas Lewis, tin; post-office was called Lockhart. The town was for many years called Long Point, so named from the Long Point slough, which lies south of the town. It was afterward known as Prairie City, and finally the present name Niantic was adopted. Jesse Lockhart erected the first house, in what is now the northern part of the town. Mr. Gansen, opened the first store of general merchandize soon after the town was laid out. In 1855, Calvin Lockhart was appointed the first post-master of Lockhart, which position he continued to hold for a number of years. Dr. E. S. Faris, an old and highly respected citizen still engaged in the practice of medicine in the town of Niantic, kept the first hotel opened in the town. Miss Ryan taught school in the year 1855, in a building situated on the south side of the railroad, and originally used as a warehouse by the company. In the fall of 1858, a very destructive storm swept over the west- ern part of the county, and Niantic was immediately in its path. The storm was seen coming from the south-west ; and knowing the unsafe nature of the warehouse, then being used for school pur- poses, some of the citizens hastened to the building and warned the teacher and scholars of the approaching danger and assisted them out of the building. No sooner had this been done than the storm struck the house and completely demolished it. In 1861 a school-house was built in Niantic, and Mr. Blanchard occupied it as the first teacher. It now has a good graded school. Some of the earliest preachers, were the Reverends John Wilson, J. H. Hughes and J. W. Tyler, who preached in the warehouse, above-mentioned, soon after the laying out of the town. Rev. Ben- jamin Radford was the first local preacher. The Christian church erected by that denomination in 1867, was the first house of wor- ship built in Niantic. The steam flouring mill at present standing in the eastern part of the town, was the first and only mill of any kind built in the town. This was erected by J. H. Zarley, in 1868. A cooper-shop was opened by James Cunningham, in 1870. Samuel Powers kept the first blacksmith shop. The town of Niantic, is at present in a very flourishing condi- tion, as will be seen by the following list of business houses. Dry Goods and General Merchandise — Nottlemann & Jacobsen ; P. S. Van Cleve. Groceries and Clothing — Coussins & Pritchett ; Boots, Shoes and General Store — John Henebry, J. G. Keizer ; Gro- ceries and Furnishing Goods — Mansfield & Co. ; Drugs — C. B. Rich- ardson, D. H. Rice ; Physicians — E. S. Faris, H. N. Clark, J. H. Rice ; Hardware, Stoves and Tinware — T. A. Pritchett ; Furniture and Undertaking — T. A. Prichett ; Flouring Mill — Gepford Jacobsen & Co.; Elevator — Niantic Stock Co. ; Grain Dealer — J. P. Faris; Meat Market — Benjamin Danley & Son; Lumber Dealer, etc . — Harvey Judd ; Wagon Maker — Jasen Price ; Blacksmith — J. W. Jones, Wm. S. Ishmeal ; Blacksmith and Machinist — W. R. Ding- man ; Carpenters — Selig Bros, John McMillen. The I. O. O. F. and I. O. G. T., each have lodges in Niantic, and they are in a prosperous condition. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HORACE N. CLARK, M. D. Dr. Clark was born in St. Lawrence county, New York, on the 18th of January, 1825. Silas Clark, his great-grandfather, resided in Windham county, Connecticut ; and his grandfather, Abner Clark, was born at Lebanon, Connecticut, in January, 1765. The birth of his father, whose name was Capt. Abner Clark, occurred at the same place on the 25th of January, 1796. In 1797 the family moved to Berkshire county, Mass., and in 1817 to St Law- rence county, N. Y. They settled in the town of Madrid, ten miles from the St. Lawrence river, when that part of the state was almost a complete wilderness. Dr. Clark’s mother, whose maiden name was Cynthia Skidmore, was born at Arlington, Vermont, on the 2d of November, 1800. Her parents had moved to Vermont from Con- necticut. Dr. Clark’s father died in St. Lawrence county on the 31st of March, 1876, when past the age of eighty. At the time of his death he was one of the oldest settlers of St. Lawrence county. Horace Norton Clark was the second of a family of twelve chil- dren, of whom six were boys and six girls. He was raised in St. Lawrence county, obtained a good education, and in 1844, at the age of nineteen, took charge of a school as teacher. After teaching two winters he attended the St. Lawrence Academy at Potsdam, New York. Altogether he taught school ten winters in New York aud two years in Sangamon county after coming to this state. As a teacher he was successful, and in June, 1856, the state authorities conferred on him a diploma enabling him to teach in any school in the state of New York. From 1851 to 1856 he lived in the town of De Peyster, in St. Lawrence county, where he was elected justice of the peace and superintendent of the public schools. ' The latter office he filled for two years immediately preceding his removal to this state. While a resident of De Peyster he taught school in the winter. In the summer his attention was divided between farming and the management of a steam saw-mill, which he owned in part- nership with a man named Nelson Thornton. Two of his brothers still reside at Potsdam, New York, Silas S. Clark and Chauncey B. Clark. Dr. Clark came to Illinois in 1856, and at first made his home at Springfield with his uncle, Oramel Clark, one of the pioneer settlers of Sangamon county. He began the study of medicine at Dawson, Sangamon county, in 1857, and in the fall of 1858 entered Rush Medical College at Chicago, from which he subsequently graduated in 1865. He began practice at Niantic in 1859. On the 8th of April, 1851, he was married to Susan Curtis, of De Peyster, a sister of Gen. N. M. Curtis, of Ogdensburg, N. Y. She died of consumption on the 5th of September, 1854. On the 11th of June, 1866, he married Sarah Pierce, of Canton, St. Lawrence county, N. Y., whose death happened on the 6th of April, 1876. His pre- sent wife, formerly Charlotte F. Watson, he married on the 31st of May, 1877. She is a native of Camargo, Douglas county, this state. 176 Dr. Clark has been engaged in the practice of medicine at Niantic since 1859, and is now the oldest physician in the western part of Macon county, and has enjoyed an excellent reputation as a physi- cian. In politics he has always been a democrat. Before the war he belonged to the Douglas branch of the democratic party. He has been connected with the Masonic fraternity since 1857, and is now a member of Iliopolis Lodge. By his first marriage he had one child, Susan Amelia, who died in 1859 at the age of seven. Two children by his second marriage died in infancy, and one, Bertha P. , is living. By his last marriage he has had two children, Horace F. and Mary J. W. Dr. Clark has been elected to several public positions in Niantic township, but for the most part has pre- ferred to devote his attention entirely to his medical practice, in which he has achieved a deserved success. THOMAS A. PRITCHETT. Among the gentlemen who have been most prominently identified with the interests of the western part of the county, is Thomas A. Pritchett, of Niantic. He is a native of Kentucky, and was born in Bourbon county, in the heart of the celebrated blue grass region, seven miles from Paris and nine from Lexington, on May 23d, 1830. The Pritchett family were early settlers of the state of Kentucky. Esquire Pritchett’s father, Wm. Pritchett, was born in one of the southern counties, and married Lydia Wilson, a native of Fayette county, of the same state. The Wilsons were among the pioneer settlers of" the state. They were originally from Maryland, and at an early day located near Bryant’s Station — the scene of many a bloody conflict between the white pioneers and the hostile savages. Thomas A. Pritchett was the seventh of a family of nine child- ren. Of these, one died in infancy ; the others grew to be men and women. He now has one brother and two sisters living. His father was a farmer in good circumstances, and owned about three' hundred acres of choice land. When he was about twelve or fourteen his father died. The part of Kentucky in which he lived was well settled, and for that day had good schools. He lived at home until he was about twenty-one, during which time he acquired the substantial elements of an education. On the twenty first of June, 1851, he married Mary E. Ingles, daughter of Wm. Ingles, who was born and raised in Bourbon county. He learned the trade of a saddle and harness maker, and from 1853 to 1856 carried on a harness and saddle shop at Paris, the county-seat of Bourbon county. He concluded to remove to Illinois, and in May 1856 arrived at Springfield, where he remained about a year. In the spring of 1857 he purchased Sec. 28 T. 17, R. 1 W., from the Illinois Central railroad company, and at once began the work of bringing it under cultivation. SILLY BEE. Stock Farm and Res, of PER IAS BUCKLES, Sects. Z3 Sc 24, N /antic Tp. (17) R1,W. Macon CoIll/Containin 6800 Acees) A. 3/8- [MACHINE \ WORMS HORSESHOEING -.^CUt.TOy jy ] haplemehto .WJONES&St au^ac/fs Thos.APn.o.nT < RAK DWaN£_StC 1 AJ .- LW . f the t-wnship by William Miller, the hrst teacher, in 1830. A at 1 '41 the settlement ha 1 lev: me rra^perocs and large en ugh to need a s ch ool b oose, which was erected on sectkn 13. This building was a log structure, and served the double purpose of school-house and march fir a number m years, until aV.nt 1853. whrn a building was er ec te d on section 17, ei das i rdy hr church purposes. In the - : it-: - "u: .. . .' i . : a mu. . seed n 2-L It was 1 : cat- i n the n rth si ie . f the "an gam a river, an! .iterate*! by warer-towtr fr:m a dam in the river at that point. It wss need as a zrist-mili. and ~ii the first mill z any kin I in the township. In the -me year these gentlemen built a blacksmith shop in connection wfth the mill, intending to do their own Mnek- smi thing, but as it was the only me in the township, and fe r many miles around. the shop was patronised by the whole community. Dr. Greeley was the first regular physician who engaged in the practice 1 medicine a- a mcmssim- The first justice of tne peace elect el was Esquire Nathan Averin. In writing tne histtrr of Harristewn township, it would he incomplete were we to omit the fact that it was for - me years the Lome f the lamented martyr Pres: lent. Abraham Lincoln. We are indebted t. Mr. J im Hanks, a tr .minen: and very intelligent of Hickory Paint township, for the following rery interest- ing facts : m arming Mr Line: in's life i_ Mac n county. In 1831 Mr Lin:- in. John Hanks. Mr. Lincoln's father, and J im J: ms-on. Mr. Line-tin's stepbrother, erected a log-cabin on S, in die edge of the timber along the Sangamon river The hewing _f the I:g- fer mis cabin was cone by Mr. Lincoln. It remain el m the gr.tmi where it was hrst built enth 187b. wnen it was taken arart. removed t: Philadelphia, and rebuilt at tne Cen- tennial grounds, where it remained until the close : the exposition. A tew logs were then cat up ter canes, etc., but the cabin itself is -mil -tanning. Later in the same year Mr. Lincoln, John Johnson, and John Hanks built a hut-mat for a man named David Offutn Tney wtrkel from Mar h 1st to May 1st. each receiving seventy-hve cents a day. When they had finished the b at they, in company with Mr. Orhtt. loaded it with hogs and to k it to Xew Or- leans. for which Mr. Lincoln, John Johnson, and John Hanxs ea.fi received sixty dollars. They reramei by steamboat. Tne principal occupation of Mr. Line tin daring the time he lived in this township we that of splitting rails, at which he was conadered an expert. The first lan 1 entered in what is known as Harrist wn township was by John Miller, December 2d, 1828. eighty acres in section 13 ; ' - ..c:. : . . : - :i :: 14; William Miller entered January 1st. 1830, eighty acres in sec- tion 1-5: Samuel Miller entered eighty acres February 10th, 1830. in section 13. We give the following list of the supervisors : Abraham Evman, elected 1800 ; J. H. Pickrell, elected 1861 ; J. B. Hanks, elected 1862; M. G. Camron, elected 1>63. and re-elected each succeeding year up to 1876; J 27. Hoyt, eleetel 1877, and re-elected each year, and is the present incumbent. Janies Miller, a Kentuckian, now residing on section 13, came to this county in 182 * : J useph D. McGuire, a native of Pennsvlvania, rest ling on sect: n 4. came in 1855; Jeremiah Freeman, living on secti n 6, wa- h.-rn in this county in 183"; J M Williard on sec- ti n o. an d C. E. Hun-iev, an Englishman, who came in 1852. are am ng the 1 ler settlers and prominent citizens now living in the township. Harrbtown, like all the towns along the main line of the Wabash. St. Louis and Pacific railway, was laid out soon after the comple- ti.n a the r ad. It is located on sections 9 and 10. In 1856 Jacob I. H bbs built the first house in the town: this was a frame- bull ling. The first p st-office was established in 1853, at which time Davis Ma^t-rr-. who is at present living in the town and is engage; in manufacturing wagons, was appointed post-master, which position he held for a number of years. The next year 1859 Samuel Cox opened a store of general mer- chandize, which was the first in the place. The earliest school was taught by a gentleman named John S Randle in 1861. It was two years more before the town could boast of a school-house, which was built in 1863. In 18b ■ a church, which originally stood a few miles south east of the town, was moved across the prairie and located in Harris- town. Tfits was the first church Harristown had within her limits, "fie, however, was without a preacher until 1864, when the Rev. A*. S. Bastian located as pastor. Dr. Greeley was the earliest physi- cian who came to Harristown to practice. H. C. Masters was the first blacksmith in the place. PEES EXT EUSIN'ESS- The business-nooses of Harristown are represented in the follow- ing list : General Stores, Peck I treme north-eastern corner of the county, and is bounded on the north by De Witt county, on the east by Piatt county, south by Whitmore and east by Maroa townships. The surface is a beautiful undulating prairie, well drained by Friend’s creek, which enters it in section 4 of T. 18 N., R. 4 E., and meanders in a sou tli- westerly direction through the territory, until it reaches the north-eastern corner of section 25 in T. 18 N., R. 3 E., where it changes its course to a south-eastern direction, passing out of the township on the south of section 31, T. 18 N., R. 4 E The main tributaries are East and West Forks, Kickapoo Branch, and several small affluents. There is a fine belt of timber along the banks of Friend’s creek, and there are scattering patches along all the minor streams. The township took its name from Friend’s creek, which stream was named in honor of George W- Friend, a native of Ohio, who emigrated to Illinois in 1822, and settled near this stream in section 22, T. 18 N., R. 3 E , which was the first settlement within the present borders of this township. He brought with him his family, which was quite large, and a good supply of stock. Immediately upon his arrival he erected a log-house, which was the first one built here, and at the present time some of the logs may be seen. In 1824 Charles Nelson, a Kentuckian by birth, settled on section 12, T. 18, R. 3 E., and in the same year Nathan Burrill, who was also a native of the “ Buck-eye State,” emigrated to and settled on sec- tion 19 of this township. Josiah Abrams, another Ohioan, removed to Sangamon county in 1822, and in 1828 came to this township and began farming on section 24. Two years following this Win. Dickey, a native of Kentucky, emigrated from that state and settled on section 19, near Mr. Abrams. John Dickey came in 1829, and located near William Dickey on section 19. The Wilson family was also one of the early settlers in Friend’s creek, some of them having arrived as early as 1830, and others of them a few years later. In 1830 Nathaniel Brown came from Tennessee, with a family of thirteen persons, bringing with him considerable stock and provisions; and after making the trip from that state to this township he had 150 lbs. of pork, 20 lbs. of tallowq and several bushels of corn. They arrived in 1830, just after the fall of the “deep snow.” The family moved into a house pur- chased by Mr. Brown. The snow r was then four or five feet deep, and the man from whom he had purchased the place told him that it was enclosed by a seven-rail fence, although none could be seen ; but in the spring, when the snow melted off, the fence was found there as represented. Many inconveniences and hardships were experienced during that winter. Although many of the settlers . had the means to pur- chase food, yet there could scarcely any be obtained, and conse- quently many of them and their stock suffered much for the want of necessary food to sustain life. Corn was as high as $1 per bushel. Many of the settlers lost several horses and cattle during the winter. The nearest mill in those days was thirty miles distant, in what is now Logan county, on Kickapoo creek. This trip generally took three or four days ; each person, as w T as the custom, being required to wait his turn. This mill was owned by John Hublet. For many years the settlers w'ere compelled to haul their grain to Chicago or St. Louis in order to find a market, and then would only receive thirty cents per bushel for wheat. Threshing wheat was done by clearing a space of ground, throwing the bundles of wheat on the same, and trampling it with horses. The falls and winters in those days were spent principally in hunting and trapping. The game consisted chiefly in deer, turkey, prairie chickens, mink, coon, otter, musk-rat, etc. The first marriage in Friend’s creek took place in 1829, at the residence of Thomas Pettyjohn. The parties in this wedding were Levi Abrams and Susan Pettyjohn. This couple also deserve the honor of having had born to them the first child in this township; the child was named Eli Abrams, and was born in 1829. In 1835 a log school-house was built on section 25. It was very primitive in style, and was used for the combined purposes of school- house, church, and camp-meetings. The following year John Heath taught the first school in the township. The first sermon was delivered by Rev. William Owens. Among other preachers in early times were Revs. Chase, Taylor, and Haines. The first mill in this township was a water-power saw mill, located on section 31, T. 18 N., R. 4 E-, propelled by the water of Friend's creek. It is now converted into a steam saw-mill. John Dickey was elected the first justice of the peace in 1836, aud held the office for sixteen or twenty years, and jjrobably would HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 197 have held it longer had he not met with a strange death. In early times, as before mentioned, it was sometimes necessary to haul wheat and other grain to St. Louis and Chicago to market. Mr. Dickey started for Chicago with a load of wheat, but subsequent events showed that he never reached that point. Several days after he had left his body was found in the road with the skull crushed, apparently by the wagon ; but the real cause of his death is a mystery to this day. Andrew Dickey was elected to fill the office made vacant by the death of Mr. John Dickey. David Troxel was another of the early justices. In 1831, soon after his settle- ment in this township, Nathaniel Brown opened a blacksmith-shop on section 23. The Tile Works of Reecer Bros., located on section 25, T. 18, R. 3, were built in 1877 by Messrs. Reecer & Nymon. They have a capacity of 175,000 feet per annum. The first land entries were made by the following persons : August 28th, 1830, Josiah Abrams entered eighty acres in section 24 ; March 25th, 1831, Elizabeth Stevenson, eighty acres in section 24; May 2d, 1831, William Dickey, eighty acres in same section — all in T. 18 N., R. 3 E. The following entries were made in T. 18 N., R. 4 E : March 3d, 1834, John Robinson, eighty acres in sec- tion 8; March 14th, 1834, David Cordell, forty acres ; October 14th, 1834, John Dickey, forty acres, and same day he entered 99.38 acres, both tracts in section 30. The following named persons have represented this town in the Board of Supervisors since township organization : D. K. Wilson, elected in 1860, and re-elected 1861 ; C. Lukens, 1862 ; Andrew Dickey, 1863 ; C. Lukens, re-elected 1864 ; D. K. Wilson, re-elected 1865 ; William Daves, 1866 and re-elected 1867 ; S. Payne, 1868 and re-elected 1869 ; F. Swantes, 1870; John Marsh, 1871 ; R. H. Park, 1872 and re-elected 1873 ; J. Ruddock, 1874 ; J. W. Brown, 1875, re-elected ’76, ’77, and ’78; W. A. Van Leer, 1879 and re- elected 18S0, and is the present incumbent. Prominent among the older settlers now living in this township may be mentioned James Querry, a native of Virginia, who settled in this county as early as 1831, and his wife, Elizabeth S. Williams, also a Virginian, who came in 1825. Israel Fout, of Virginia nativity, lo- cated in the county in 1839, and his wife in 1849. John G. Jimison, a Scotchman, settled in the county in 1834, and now resides in section 4 of T. 18, R. 3. Sarah A. Brennan, the widow of William Dickey, a Canadian by birth, came to the county in 1849, and now lives on section 34. Alexander Greenfield settled here in 1843. George S. Young, a native of Ireland, came in 1848, and his wife in 1835. Joseph G. Kile came in 1846; he is a native of Ohio, and resides on section 28, in T. 18, R. 4. AKGENTA Is a flourishing little village on the line of the Champaign, Havana and Western railroad, about fourteen miles north-east from Decatur, and is the only railway station in this township. There are three villages in Friend’s creek township, and a striking peculiarity is that they are all within a very short distance of each other. This place is the newest, but not the least important in point of business. It was laid out by R. B. Rodgers immediately after the completion of the C. H. and W. R. R. The first store was erected by Garver A Co F. F. McMullin established the first wagon-shop, and B. S. Schall did the first blacksmithing. Dr. Denisson was the first physician. The school-house was built in 1874. The town has a very heavy shipping business in cattle, hogs, and grain. The pre- sent business of the town is contained in the following list : General Store, Garver & Co. ; Boots and Shoes, John Keck ; Drugstore , S. C Ham ; Wagon-shop, F. F. McMullin ; Blacksmith-shop, B. 8. Schall ; Physicians, Drs. Denisson and S. C- Ham ; Grain Dealers, Denisson & Co. NEWBURG. This village is located in the north-east corner of section 36, T. 18, R. 3, and 31 of T. 18, R. 4, and is just one mile due east from Argenta. It was laid out in 1854 by William Dickey, who was one of' the earliest settlers in the township. In 1856 a store with a general stock of merchandize was opened by William Dowling. The first wagon-shop opened was that of Philip Carver’s, in either 1858 or 1859. Dr. R. F. Carr, who is still engaged in the practice of medicine in Newburg, and is one of the most prominent physi- cians in this part of the county, was the first physician to locate here. The first school-house was built in 1854 ; it was a frame structure. The present business is represented in the following list : General Store, J. Benford ; Drugstore, Dr. R. F. Carr; Blacksmith- shop, Thomas Strickler. WEST DANVILLE Is located on section 31, T. 18, R. 4, and for a number of years during the early period of its existence it was known by the noto- rious name “Hell’s Half Acre.” Calvin Whitcombe built a dis- tillery here in 1857, and operated it for a number of years, but it is not at present running ; he also built a steam saw-mill, which is still in operation. Messrs. V. D. & R. J. Ross erected a steam grist-mill, which is still running, and does a good business. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JAMES QUERREY Is one of the pioneers and early settlers of Macon county. He was born in what is now known as Western Virginia, October 18th, 1810. The Querrey family are of French descent. Their ancestors came to America prior to the revolutionary war. Elisha Querrey, the father of James, was a soldier of the revolution, and served his country for seven years and six months in that memo- rable struggle. He afterwards settled in Pennsylvania, and then moved to Virginia, and died in that state. He married Sarah Stediek, a native of Pennsylvania. By this marriage there were nine children — six sons and three daughters. James is among the younger children ; he remained at home until he was fourteen years of age, when he started out to learn the blacksmith trade. When in his eighteenth year, being young and ambitious and desirous of seeing the west, of which he had heard much, he joined a family who were coming to Illinois. He, in company with them, landed in Clinton county, Illinois, April 1st, 1828. Mr. Querrey remained there until January 2d, 1831, when he came to Macon county, landing here on the fifth of the same month. He stopped in Deca- tur and worked at the carpenter trade. He afterwards purchased 198 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS a farm near the town and rented it out, and continued at his trade. He remained there until 1858, when he sold out and purchased two hundred and seventy acres of land in section 24, T. 18, R. 3, which he improved, and here he has continued to reside up to the present, time. On the 8th January, 1833, he was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth S. Williams. Her parents, Philip D. and Jane Wil- liams, were among the earliest settlers of Macon county ; he was born in Connecticut, and his wife in Virginia. Before her mar- riage she was a Bryant. Mr. Williams removed from Pittsylvania county, Va., to Illinois in the fall of 1825, and settled on Stevens’ Creek, two miles north of Decatur. There were then but nine families on the north side of the Sangamon river, in what is now Macon county. Mr. Williams had the honor of building the first house in Decatur. There have been born to James and Elizabeth S. Querrey thirteen children, six of whom are living. Two of his sous were soldiers in the late war. Bartlett D. enlisted for three years in Co. “ L ” Tenth Cavalry ; and Eri S. was for three years a private in the 116th Regiment Illinois Vols. The names of the other children are : Miriam K., wife of W. J. Myers ; Levina Belle, Charles B., and Warner C. Querrey ; Sarah J., wife of E. A. Piper. Olive Frances, Ira, and Miriam and Aquilla E. are dead. Three others died in infancy. Mrs Querrey has been a consistent member of the Christian Church for over thirty years. Politically Mr. Querrey is a republican. His first vote was cast for Andrew Jackson in 1828 : he afterwards joined the whig party, and in 1860 voted for Abraham Lincoln, and since that time has been a repub- lican. He is now among the older settlers living in the county, having been a resident for nearly fifty years. WTLLIAM VAN LEER. The Van Leer family on the paternal side, came from Holland. The name was originally Von Lohr. Bernhardus Von Lohr came to America in 1697. He settled in Philadelphia three years after William Penn had found the colony. The descendants from Bernhardus are not numerous. On the maternal side the great- grandmother was of the Wayne family of Chester county, Pennsyl- vania, of which General Anthony Wayne of revolutionary fame was a member. Isaac Wayne Van Leer, the father of the subject of this sketch, is a native of Chester county, Pennsylvania. He mar- ried Phoebe Ann Speakman, of Chester county. She is a descendant of a long line of Quaker preachers, running back into the Wayne family. There were seven children born to Isaac W. and Phoebe A. Van Leer, three sons and four daughters. William A. is the fourth in the family. He was born in Chester county, Pennsylva- nia, April 21st, 1834. He received a good education in the common schools of Chester county, and also spent four years in the academies at Fremont and New London Cross-roads in Chester county. After he attained his majority in the spring of 1855, he came west, and settled in Macon county, Illinois. In August 1862 he enlisted in Co. “ D.” 116th Reg. Ills. Vols. He remained in the service until 1863, when he was discharged on account of ill-health and physical disability. On the 16th of March, 1864, he was united in marriage to Miss Jo- sephine L. Colladay, a native of Philadelphia, but a resident of Macon county at the time of her marriage. Five children living have blessed this union, all of whom are yet beneath the parental roof. Politically, Mr. Van Leer has always voted the republican ticket. At present he is supervisor of his township. He is one of the representative and leading agriculturists of the county, and enjoys the confidence and respect of all who know him. DAVID M. ADAMS. Among the prominent farmers of Friend’s Creek township stands the name of the subject of this sketch. He is a native of Pennsyl- vania, and was born in Center county, November 8th, 1822. The family are of English ancestry, and are closely related to the Adams family of Massachusetts, two members of w’hich were Presidents of the United States. Alexander, the grandfather of the present sketch, was born in Massachusetts, and was a cousin of John Quincy Adams. He emigrated to Pennsylvania a short time before the revolutionary war, and was a soldier in that memorable strug- gle for independence. He was captured at Chadd’s Ford, in one of the battles in Pennsylvania. John his son, and father of D. M. Adams, was born in Center county, Pennsylvania ; he remained there until his death, which occurred about the year 1868. During his life he was largely engaged in the iron business, but met with reverses by endorsing and trusting too much to the honesty of would-be friends. John Adams married Nancy Miller ; she was also a native of Pennsylvania, and died in 1843. There were ten children by this marriage — five sons and five daughters. Seven of the children have survived the parents. The subject of this sketch is the second son, and fifth in the family. His advantages for an education in his youth were limited, as it was before the era of free schools in Pennsylvania. He, however, received, the rudiments of an education, to which he has added a valuable store of information by extensive reading and close observation. During his school- days he was the companion and fellow-pupil of Andrew G. Curtin, afterwards the Governor of Pennsylvania, and yet a distinguished citizen of that state. Mr. Adams remained at home until his twenty seventh year, when he started out in life for himself. He first went to Kentucky, but soon after removed to Clinton county, Ohio, where he remained ten years. While there, he engaged in farming and trading in stock, which has been the principal busi- ness of his life since that time. In the month of November, 1862, he came west to Illinois, and settled in section 28, 18-3, Macon county, where he purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land and improved it; remaining there until 1875, when he sold out and purchased land in section 26, 18-3, to which he removed, and where at present he still resides. In February, 1860, while yet a resident of Ohio, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary E. Han- kins, a native of the same state. By this union there have been six children, five of whom are living. Their names are: Ada B., William E., Mary E., Helen L., Charlotte M. Frederick, the youngest, died in the third year of his age. Both he and his estimable wife are members of the Christian Church. Politically, he was originally an old-line whig, and cast his first vote for Henry Clay in 1844. He continued a whig until the formation of the republican party, when he joined its ranks. In late years, how- ever, he has been to a certain extent independent, and a believer in the principles and theories of the greenback party. In local and state elections he votes for the best men, regardless of politics ; but in all national elections he has always voted the old-line whig or re- publican ticket- Upon the subject of temperance he is an advocate of its principles, and is a temperate man, but he is not a x-adical prohibitionist. His business through life has been that of a farmer and stock-raiser, except the younger part of his life, when he was an assistant of his father in the same business ; but since his resi- dence in the west he has been identified with the agricultural inter- ests of the county. He started in life unaided, except that he had strong hands and an abundance of enei’gy, and, with the assistance of his excellent wife, he has succeeded in gaining a comfortable competency. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 199 The Evey family, on both sides, are of German ancestry. Michael Evey, his father, was a native of Maryland. He was a distiller in early life, but subsequently abandoned the business and engaged in farming:. He removed to Pennsylvania and remained there until 1854, when he came west to Illinois and settled in Woodford county. He remained there until 1859, after which he made his home with his son, the subject of this sketch. He died on the 23d of April, 1875, while on a visit to his children in Woodford county. He married Lydia Myers. She was also a native of Maryland. She at present resides with her son Michael. There were ten children born to Michael and Lydia Evey, seven of whom are still living — three sons and four daughters. The subject of this sketch, is the fourth in the family. He was born in Franklin county, Pennsylvania, February 19, 1831. He spent his boyhood days in the common schools and at work hpon his father’s farm. At the age of nineteen years he was indentured as an apprentice to the trade of millwright under James F. Callahan. He served two and a half years, or until he attained his majority. He then worked as a journeyman and continued at his trade in Pennsylva- nia until he came West in the spring of 1855. He first visited his parents in Woodford county; then went to Springfield, and spent four months working at his trade ; then went to Decatur, and there made his home until after his marriage. In 1856 he purchased land in Hickory Point township and improved it. He remained there until the spring of 1864, when he moved to Decatur town- ship, where he had purchased a saw mill, and operated it until 1867, when he returned to Sec. 32, T. 18, R. 2 E , where he had purchased land some years before. He stayed there until 1870, when he removed to Salt Creek, and one year later removed to Forsythe and from there to Maroa township, then came to Friend’s Creek township to Sec. 8, T. 18, R. 4 E., where he still continues to reside. Farming has not been his sole business since his residence in the West. He worked at his trade until 1865, and since that time at different intervals. On the 27th of April, 1857, he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Peddecord. She is a native of Ohio. Her parents came to Illinois in 1854, and settled in Clinton, in De Witt county. Mrs. Evey was a resident of the latter place at the time of her marriage. By this union there have been twelve childien, nine sons and three daughters; nine of the children are still living. The names of the children are — Lydia Frances, wife of Theodore Ivans ; Roxauna, Douglass, Frank P., McClelland, Ella, Charles, Samuel and Ernst Evey. All are yet beneath the parental roof, except Lydia F. Mrs. Evey is a member of the M. E church. Politically Mr. Evey is a member of the democratic party. He has never swerved from his allegiance to that political organization since 1852, when he cast his first presidential vote for the nominee of his party, Franklin Pierce. He has been one of the successful men of Macon county. He started poor, but bv industry, economy and prudent investments, has succeeded in placing himself and family in comfortable circumstances. He is in his home the most hospitable of meu, as the writer of this sketch can and does most heartily testify. Of a pleasant and agreeable address, possessed of a good fund of practical information, he is a man who improves upon long acquaintance, and who bears about him the impress of sincerity, modesty and honesty. 200 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. ALEXANDER GREENFIELD Was born in Ross county, Ohio, December loth, 1830. His father, James Greenfield, was a native of Maryland. He was taken with his father’s family to Ohio while yet in his infancy. He there grew to manhood and remained until 1843, when he moved to Illinois. He made the journey with a four-horse team, carrying his family and household goods. Alexander was then a youth of thirteen years of age. He walked the entire distance and drove the cattle. Mr. Greenfield settled in Macon county, at a point known as Mt. Zion. He there entered forty acres of land, and afterwards pur- chased forty more. There he remained until his death in 1 862. He was a miller by trade, but followed the cultivation of the soil after he came to Illinois. He married Sarah Crawford. She was born in Ohio. Her parents were among the early settlers of that state. She died in August, 1861. By this marriage there were eight children, four of whom are still living. The subject of this sketch is the youngest son, and sixth in the family. He remained at home till his twenty-fifth year, when he married. He then bought eighty acres of land in Mt. Zion township and commenced its improvement. In October. 1855, he moved to section seven in Friend’s Creek township, where he purchased eighty-four acres of partially improved land, and there he has remained till the present time On the first of January, 1862, he' enlisted for three years as a private in Co. “L,” 10th Illinois cavalry, Col. Wickersham commanding. He was mustered out and honorably discharged in 1865, when the time of his enlistment had expired. The regiment to which he belonged was attached to Blount’s division under Gen. Fremont, and afterward was a part of Gen. Curtis’ command Mr Greenfield went through the war without any serious mishaps or wounds, except at the battle of Yellville, in Arkansas, where in the charge he had two ribs broken by being thrown from his horse. At the ch S3 of his army life he returned home and re-engaged in farming. On the fourteenth of February, 1851, he was united in marriage to Miss Eliza Butz, youngest daughter of Jacob and Mary Butz. She was born in Northampton county, Pennsylvania. Her father died while she was in her infancy. Her mother removed her family to Ohio in 1846, and in 1849 came to Illinois and settled in Mt. Zion township, Macon county. She died in 1852. There have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Greenfield eight children, six of whom are living. Their names are James, Jesse, Orphia, Charles, Martha, Mary, and Bertha Greenfield. Politically Mr. Greenfield is a democrat. His first vote was cast for Franklin Pierce, in 1852. From that time to the present he has not wavered nor departed from th j principles as enunciated in the platforms of his party. He may be regarded as one of the old settlers of the state. He has been a resident of the county for nearly forty years, and has seen the state grow from a comparative wilderness to the position of the third in the Union. Mr. Greenfield is a man who, like the larger portion of the old settlers of the state, is very sociable and hospita- ble. He bears a most excellent reputation among his neighbors and -friends SAMUEL SWINEHART. The Swinehart family is of German ancestry. Jacob Swinehart, father of Samuel, was born in Pennsylvania, but removed with his father’s family to Ohio, at an early age, and was among the first settlers of that state. He is still living in Licking county. He was in his youth and manhood a man of great physical strength and pow T ers of endurance; and surpassed most men in feats of strength. His principal business in life was leasing timber land and clearing it up. That occupation called for vigorous health, activity, and great industry. It eventually broke him down, and shattered his powerful constitution. He married Lucinda Vulga- mott. She v T as born in Ohio, wdiere she still lives. Her parents were of German descent, and were natives of Pennsylvania There were ten children in the family, nine of whom are still living ; four boys and five girls. The subject of this sketch is the eldest in the family ; and was born on the ninth of March, 1833. He remained at home assisting his father until he was in his twenty-fourth year. His chances for obtaining an education were limited, as his father demanded all his time. On the twelfth of February, 1856, he came west and stopped in Sangamon county, Illinois, five miles west of Springfield, and worked on a farm ; remaining there until November 18, 1858, when he started for California. It had been the dream of his youth to go to the “ golden state,” and there make his fortune. The time had now come to put this resolve into execution. He went to New York and embarked on board a ves- sel, and went to Cuba, from there to the Isthmus and then to Cali- fornia. From San Francisco he went to Sacramento, and up the valley to t Yreka, where he went into the mines, and stayed three years. From there he went to the Salmon river mines; six months later he went to Boise city in Idaho territory, and remained five years, engaged principally in mining. On the twenty-seventh of June, 1866, he left the western country, and returned home, coming by the way of Des Moines, Iowa. He went to Philadelphia and got his gold-dust coined; then returned to Iowa, got his team and went to Toulon, Illinois; then he returned home to Ohio. After spending the winter at home he came to Illinois in April, the fol- lowing year, and after looking the country over with a view of loca- ting permanently, he came to Macon county, and purchased one hun- dred and sixteen acres of land in section- 36, T. 18, R. 3 E., where he has remained till the present time. On the first of March, 1868, he was united into marriage to Miss Minerva Kelsey, daughter of Henry and Sophia Kelsey. She was born in Boone county, Illi- nois. By this marriage there have been seven children, five of whom are at present living, four sons and one daughter. Their names are Jacob, Arminda, Samuel, Rufus, and Edward Swinehart, Mr. Swinehart is a member of the democratic party. He cast his first presidential vote for Stephen A. Douglas in 1860. He has seen no occasion to change his political sentiments since that time. In life, Mr. Swinehart has been more than ordinarily successful. RICHARD H. PARK Is the eldest son of David and Esther A. (Rogers) Park. He was born in Madison county, Kentucky, November 11th, 1833. His father aud grandfather, Richard Park, were also natives of the same state. The family is of English ancestry, and came to America prior to the revolutionary war, and took part in that memorable struggle. David Park moved from Kentucky to Johnson county, Indiana, where he remained until his death, which occurred in 1849. He was a farmer by occupation, and was also skilful in all ordinary mechanism. He married Esther A. Rogers, a native also of Madison county, Kentucky. She is still living on the old homestead in Johnson county, Indiana, where the family settled in 1835. There were seven children in the family — four sons and three daughters — five of whom are still living. The subject of this sketch in youth attended the schools of Indiana, and received a fair education. This has been improved by extensive reading and a close observation of men and things, and he is to-day as well posted in general literature and knowledge of events as those who often make far larger pretensions. Stock a/vd Gra/w Farm of IV ? TAYLOR , Sec. 28, T.i8,R 3, ( Fr/ea/ds Creek T p.J M a coat Co /ll . HISTORY or MAC OR COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 201 He remained at home until his twenty-second year, when he commenced farming for himself, and continued thus engaged until the spring of 1861, when he removed to Illinois, and settled in Maroa township, Macon county, where he still engaged in farming. After the war broke out, he purchased grain and live-stock, in addi- tion to carrying on his work upon the farm. In 1870 he purchased land in section twenty-one, Friend’s Creek township, and moved on to it, and since that time it has been his permanent home. On the 16th of October, 1855, he was united in marriage to Miss Mildred Gillaspy, who was born in Indiana Three children have been the fruits of this union, one of whom is living — Gilbert, now in his twenty-first year. In politics, Mr. Park is a democrat, having cast his first presi- dential vote for James Buchanan in 1856. In 1860, and through the war, he belonged to the Douglas wing of the democratic party. In 1873 he espoused the farmers’ movement, and acted with the independents, and in 1876 voted for Peter Cooper for president. As will be seen, he does not yield blind obedience to any party, but advocates and votes for men and measures, such as will, in his judg- ment, administer the laws most faithfully, and provide measures that will be for the benefit of the largest number He is now a democrat, and takes an active part and is an ener- getic worker in that political organization. In 1873 his services and zeal in his party received suitable recognition, and he was elected to the honorable position of county treasurer, an office he filled acceptably, and to the entire satisfaction of his constituents. He represented also his township, for several terms, in the board of supervisors, and while a member, was active in looking after the best interests of the county. He is a yespected member of the order of freemasonry and of odd fellowship. Upon the subject of temperance he is not radical, although tem- perate in his habits. He prefers to educate the masses to favor temperance, rather than attempt to legislate intemperance out of the land. william a. McKinney Was born in Orange county, Indiana, January 6th, 1821. His father, Alexander McKinney, was a native of Virginia, and was born in 1792. He removed with his father, whose name was also Alexander, to Kentucky when he was yet in his boyhood. The family remained in Kentucky until about 1814, when they removed to Indiana, and settled in Washington county. They afterwards moved to Orange county, and in 1831 moved back to Wash- ington county. In 1853 Alexander McKinney came to Illinois, and settled in Cerro Gordo, Piatt county, where he died in 1874. He married Mary Orchard, who, born in 1793, was raised near Paris, Kentucky. She died at the residence of her son, the subject of this sketch, in December, 1879. There were nine children born to them, four of whom have survived their parents. William A. is the third in the family. He received a limited education in the common schools, going there for a few months in the winter seasons. He remained at home until his marriage, then commenced farming for himself. In October, 1851, he came to Illinois, and had entered 80 acres of land in 1849 in Sec. 28, T. 18, 4 E. He rented land for two years, and in 1854 moved to his land, and commenced its improvement. Upon this original eighty acres he has lived up to the present time. On the twenty-seventh of August, 1847, he was united in mar- 26 riage to Miss Caroline M. Child, who was born and raised in Wash- ington county, Indiana. By this marriage there have been twelve children born, seven of whom are living, three sons and four daughters. Their names are Elizabeth, Henry, Minerva (wife of Albert Glenn, now of Decatur, Illinois), Annie B., Elmer Ells- worth, Ida D., John E. McKinney. Samuel died at the age of fifteen, Newton at sixteen, Luella F. at twenty-one, Willie at seven, and Lyman in his infancy. Botli Mr. McKinney and his jvife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. McKinney was formerly a member of the Presbyterian church, but lately, owing to there being no church organization of that denomination near, he and his family became members of the M. E. church. Politically, he was originally a member of the old-line whig party, and was opposed to slavery as it then existed in this country. When the whig party suffered defeat, and was disbanded, he joined the republican party, and from that time to the present has been regarded as one of its firmest and staunchest supporters. Upon the temperance question he has always, since attaining manhood, been an advocate of the principles of total abstinence. He regards intemperance as a vice that can only be driven out of the country by the act of prohibition. In his neighborhood and among the people who have known Mr. McKinney for many years, he is regarded as a plain, honest man. DR. ROBERT F. CARR Is the eldest in a family of six children. He was born in Sussex county, New Jersey, May 13th, 1832. The Carr family are of English ancestry on the paternal side, and Irish on the maternal. David Carr, the father, was also a native of the same state, and lived and died upon the place where he was born and raised. He was a farmer by occupation. He died in 1865. He married Elizabeth Ferrier. She was born in Orange county, New York. She died in 1879. By a former marriage, Mr. Carr had two children. There were bora to Daniel and Elizabeth Carr six children, three sons and three daughters, all of whom have sur- vived the parents. The subject of this sketch, while yet in his youth, met with an accident which had the effect of rendering him a cripple for life. Not being able to perform physical labor, owing to his crippled con- dition, he was forced to adopt some profession. He chose that of medicine. While at school he received sufficient education to fit him for teaching, and with money earned in this way, he managed to enter the academy at Goshen, New York, and there improved his education. While there he also read the standard text books on medicine, and in 1853, he entered the Albany Medical College, at Albany, New York, and took three courses, and graduated from that institution in 1855, with the degree of M. D. In the spring of 1856, he came West to Illinois, and commenced the practice of his profession in Friend’s Creek township, Macon county, and con- tinued here with great success until 1866, when he removed to Decatur, the county seat. He remained there in the practice for three years, when he returned to Friend’s Creek, where he has con- tinued to the present. After his return here the second time, he added a stock of drugs, and a general line of goods. Dr. Carr belongs to the regular school of medicine, and is progressive, and keeps fully abreast with the times and new discoveries in the heal- ing art. On the 8th of April, 1858, he was united in marriage to Miss Emily Smyek. She is a native of Macon county, Illinois. Her LM z HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. parents were originally from Kentucky. Seven children have been the fruits of this union — four boys and three girls — all of them yet beneath the parental roof. Politically the Doctor is a member of the democratic party. His first presidential vote was cast for Stephen A. Douglas, in 1860. He has been an ardent supporter of the party ever since. He is not a member of any church organization, nor does he subscribe to any of its formu- lated creeds, but believes in doing to others as he would have others do unto him, and believes that in that is contained the genuineness of true religion. The life of the subject of this sketch presents another evidence of the value of pluck and will-power. He started in life under adverse circumstances, with no money or influential friends to help him up and over the rugged places in the race of life; handicapped with physical infirmities, and dis- tressed with financial troubles, owing money for his medical tuition. Under these circumstances he came West, and started in the busi- ness of his lifp. He has been successful, not in the accumulation of great riches, but in obtaining sufficient of this world’s goods to ren- der him comfortable in his declining years. His success is due to his industry, economy, and indomitable will-power. Among his neighbors and friends who have known him for a quarter of a century, all accord him the reputation of a good physician and an upright citizen. GEORGE S. YOUNG W as born in County Down, Ireland, November 14th, 1820. The Young family, are natives of Ireland and of Scotch ancestry. Robert Young, the father of George S. was a merchant and manu- facturer of boots and shoes, and carried on an extensive business. He emigrated with a part of his family to America in 1832, and settled in New York ; went from there to Ohio, where he died in 1837. He married Elizabeth Martin ; she died in Ireland in 1826. There were eleven children in the family, seven sons and four daughters. Two of the children have survived the parents, viz. : Elizabeth, and the subject of this sketch, who is the youngest son He, while in Ohio followed ditching, building mill-dams and clearj ing land. In 1848 he came west, and stopped in the southern par^ of Illinois, in Marion county, where he bought out a claim. In the fall of 1848 he came to Piatt county, and took a job of digging a mill-race. He afterwards ditched in De Witt county. In 1852 he traded his land in Marion county for land in Champaign county, and afterwards entered land in the same county. He traded that land for two hundred acres in section 18, T. 18, R. 4 E. This was in the years 1852-3. He then took charge of his father-in-law’s farm, and remained so employed until 1854, when he commenced improving his own land in section 18. It was law land, and all the improvements have been placed there by him. He has remained to the present time, and has a fine farm under good cultivation. A view of the farm and improvements can be seen by reference to another page in this work. On the first of June, 1852, he was united in marriage to Miss Otillia Long, daughter of Joseph D. Long, who was among the early settlers of Macon county. Mrs. Young was born in Pickaway county, Ohio, and came west with her parents when she was seven years of age. By this union there have been seven children, five of whom are living. Their names are Clara, wife of Newton Bricker ; Ada, Joseph L., John Oscar, and Nellie G. Young. Winfield 8. died at the age of nine years, and Margaret J. at six years. Mr. Young is an honored member of the order of Free Masonry. He joined the Monticello Lodge, and became a mason in 1849. He is now a member of Maroa Lodge No. 454, and Monticello Chapter, R. A. M., No. 48. Politically he was originally an old-line Whig, and cast his first presidential vote for Henry Clay in 1844. In 1856 he joined the republican party, and has continued a member of that political organization to the present time. Mr. Young is a warm-hearted, generous man, like the most of his countrymen. In his neighborhood he is respected by all who know him, and is regarded as an honorable and honest man, and upright citizen. WILLIAM J. MYERS Was born in Marion county, Illinois, June 24th, 1843. His father, Emanuel Myers, was a native of Kentucky, and came to Illinois while he was yet a boy. He was born in 1818, and married Martha D. Watson, a native also of Kentucky, and died in De Witt county, Illinois, in 1863. He moved to Macon county in 1851, find in the spring of 1853 moved to DeWitt county, where he remained until his death at the date above stated. The mother of William J. is still living in this township. The subject of this sketch remained at home until the breaking out of the late war, when, in July of 1861, he enlisted in Co. “F,” 2d 111. cavalry. The company was organized at Monticello. He enlisted for three years, and was honorably discharged and mustered out, January 4th, 1864, at New Iberia, Louisiana. He then re-enlisted or was veteranized. His second enlistment dates January 5th, 1864. He was mustered out and finally discharged at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., August 24th, 1865. The 2d 111. cavalry was attached for the greater portion of the time to the army of the Ten- nessee and in the department of the Gulf. After the close of his army life, he returned home, and remained there, until the spring of 1874, when he came to section 7, in town 18, range 4 east, where he engaged in farming, and where he has since resided. On the fourteenth day of August, 1873, he was united in marriage to Miss Miriam, daughter of James and Elizabeth Querrey, whose parents are among the pioneers of Macon county. Mrs. Myers was ' born in Macon county. This union has been blessed with three children, whose names are Mary Florence, Olive Belle, and James Emanuel Myers. Politically, Mr. Myers is a republican. He was elected justice of the peace in May, 1873, served four years, and was re-elected in 1878, and is at present serving in that official position. WILLIAM DICKEY, (deceased). William Dickey, the grandfather of the present Dickey family, was a native of Alabama, and came to Macon county and settled on Friend’s Creek as early as 1828. The family were among the first settlers in this section of the country. William Dickey re- mained here until his death, which occurred June 28, 1832. His son, John Dickey, was also born in Alabama, and came with his father to Kentucky, then to Illinois, at the date above mentioned. He died while on a trip to Chicago, with produce. He was found dead in the road, his team standing close by. The exact cause of his death was never known. The date of his death was October 22, 1846. William Dickey, his son and father of the present family, was born in Kentucky, October 11, 1814, and died Janu- ary 17, 1875, in the sixty-first year of his age. On the 19th of October, 1852, William Dickey was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Ann Brennan. Bernard Brennan, her father, was a native of Ireland and his wife a native of Vermont. They were married in New York and afterwards moved to Canada, and in 1849 came Farm Residence of G. S. YOUNG, Sec. 18. T./S, R.4-, (Friends Creeh Tp.JMa con Co III . Farm Res/oe/vce of HENRY M ART! N, Sec. 2, T. 17, R.2 ( Hickory Poi nt Tp.J M acon Co . I ll . . HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS . 203 to Illinois and settled on Friend’s Creek, where Mr. Brennan re- mained until his death, which occurred January 18th, 1857. His wife and mother of Mrs. Dickey is still living, a strong, hearty woman, although in the eighty-fifth year of her age. Mrs. Sarah Ann Dickey was born in Canada August 25, 1828. She, by a former marriage to Hiram H. Warner, had one child, a son, named Hiram H. Warner, now a resident of Kansas. Mr. Dickey, also by a former marriage, had six children, three of whom are living. John B., the eldest sou, was a member of the 116th Regiment of Illinois Volunteers during the late war, and was taken prisoner and died at Andersonville. David A., another son by this marriage, was "a member of the same regiment, and was killed on the 23d of July, 1864, in one of the battles before Atlanta. By the marriage of William and Sarah A. Dickey, there were nine children born to them. The names of those living are: Claretta J., wife of H- C. Griffin ; Sarah I. ; Henry E. ; Charles A. ; Margaret C. ; Mary B., and James H. Dickey. Mr. Dickey in his life was a consistent and active member of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, and was for nearly forty years an elder in that religious organization. In his locality he was a man of considerable influence, which he al- ways wielded for the good of the community. He was a kind- hearted man, and suffered considerably in a financial way by going security for others, and then being compelled to meet their obliga- tions. To his family he was a kind husband and an affectionate father, and his death was a great loss to them and to the entire community. HICKORY POINT TOWNSHIP. HIS township constitutes the congressional T. 17 N. R. 2 E., and is bounded on the north by Maroa, east by Whit- more, south by Decatur and west by Illini township. It is drained by Stevens creek and its tributaries ; there is a narrow belt of timber running along the banks of the creek and some of its tributaries. The Illinois Central Railroad crosses the township from north to south ; the Pekin, Lincoln and Decatur passes diagonally through the south-west corner, and the Champaign, Havana and Western touches it in the south-east corner of sec- tion 36. To David Florey, at present an old and highly respected citizen of Whitmore township belongs the credit of having made the first settlement in Hickory Point. It was in the year 1825, that he emigrated from Virginia to this county and settled on section 35, in this township. He was then a young man and full of vigor and energy, as was John Draper, another Virginian who accompanied him in his mission. Mr. Draper resided in this township about three years, when he removed to Whitmore township and became the first settler there. In 1826, Phillip D. Williams, a native of New York, a very intel- ligent and useful citizen, came to Hickory Point. James Johnson was also a very early settler in this county. He was a native of Virginia. Robert Johnson and his wife, both Virginians, settled here in the fall of 1831. They located in the edge of the timber on or near section 28. David Florey, above mentioned, built the first house. It was a log cabin, and located on section 35. The Small- wood’s, also natives of Virginia, were among the early settlers, and several of them and their descendants are still living in the southern part of the township. Zebedee Sergeant and Nancy Manly were the first parties joined in the holy bouds of wedlock in this township. The first birth, was that of Sarah J. Smallwood, which occurred on the 27th day of July, 1827. She died in 1846. By the year 1841, the settlements in the southern part of the township had grown to such a number that a school-house became a necessity and one was constructed of logs during this year. It stood in section 34, just inside of the line dividing this township from that of Decatur. But as many as ten years prior to this there had been a private school taught at the different farm-houses throughout the settlement. Walter Robbins is said to have been the first teacher. The Rev. Robert Hensen, who came to this township in 1832, was the first preacher to locate here. It was not until 1857, however, that a house of worship was erected. In that year there was a frame church of ordinary size built on section 32. Phillip D. Williams, already mentioned as one of the earliest set- tlers, was made the first Justice of the Peace. The first blacksmith shop opened, was in 1828, by James Johnson, who afterwards became very prominent in the Black Hawk War, rising to the rank of Co- lonel on May 16, 1832. The first land entries in the Precinct were Randolph Rose, Feb. 5th, 1830, 80 acres in section 32. James Johnson entered on the same day 80 acres in section 34. The third entry was made June 5th, 1830, by William Lemon, to wit : The W. h of the S. E. I of section No. 32 in T. 17 N., R. 2 E. of the 3d P. M. containing 80 acres. We mention below a few of the oldest residents now living in the township. John Y. Braden, who was born iu Tennessee, March 22, 1818, settled in this county in 1829, and his wife, Laura A. Hunt- ing, a native of Vermont, came here in 1830. They now reside on section 26 Robert Johnson and wife, now residing on section 34, are both natives of Kentucky, and were married in that state, April 5, 1831, and in the following fall, iu the month of October, they emigrated to this county. Mr. Johnson was born in Bath county, Ivy., March 3, 1807, and his wife, Luann Church, July 13, 1813. In November, 1836, Llysses Huston, now living on section 34, came to Macon county. He was born in Pickaway county, Ohio, August 25, 1824. He was married to Matilda McCoy, Feb. 25, 1847, who was born May 19, 1825, in Montgomery county, Indiana. Geo. W. Schroll, now residing on section 15, is a Pennsylvanian, and came to Macon county in 1842. His wife, Lethe A. Hornback, was born in this county in 1836. Henry Schroll, residing on section 27, was also born in Pennsylvania, and came here in same year. Mary D. Taylor was born in Macon county in 1839. David Hou- 204 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. ser, a native of Pennsylvania, came with his wife in 1845. W. H. Gepford, D. S- Weigel, Win. T. Grubbs, John H. McKinley, John Weaver,. N. S. Batchelder, Hilleary Major, Janies B. Good, and Henry Martin, may also be mentioned among the early and promi- nent citizens of Hickory Point. The Supervisors who have represented this township since its or- ganization may be seen in the following list: J- Y. Braden, elected in 1860, and by re-election held this office till 1866, when W. P. Montgomery was elected and held this office for two consecutive years. H. S. Mannon was elected in 1868. A. McBride, elected in 1869, and re-elected in 1870, ’71 and ’72 ; H. Lehman, in 1873 ; A. W.McBride, re-elected in 1874, and ’75 ; H. Lehman re-elected in 1876, ’77, ’78 and ’79 ; Volney Barber elected in 1880. FORSYTHE, is a pleasant little village, located on the line of the Illinois Central R. R. in section 14 of this township. It was laid out in 1864, by E. Smith. In 1865, George Shaffer erected the first house. A little later in the same year Charles Ruhcl opened the first store in this place. The first school-house was built in 1864. Rufus Cross- man was the first teacher. In 1868, the first church was erected, and Rev. Wm. Nugent was the first preacher. The post-office w r as established in 1868, and N. F. Fitch was the first post-master. In 1865, Dr. Baxter located here and was the first to engage in the practice of medicine. Hiram Eppler opened the first black- smith shop in the year 1865. The town has its business houses re- presented in the following list. General Stores — Mrs. E. Petsch, E. Weilepp, V. W. Benton. Drug Store — G. W. Drury. Blacksmith shops — Isaac Hornback, David Plank. Wood Work & Repairing — Herman Nicholls. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JOHN HANKS. John Hanks, whose name will go down in history as an early associate of Abraham Lincoln, was born in Nelson count}’, Ken- tucky, three miles from Beardstowu, on the 9th of February, 1802. His father, William Hanks, was a Virginian who came to Ken- tucky at an early day, and settled on the Kentucky river, in Mercer county. His mother’s name was Elizabeth Hall. The family lived in Hardin and Breckenridge counties, Ivy., till the subject of this sketch was seven years of age, and then moved to Grayson county. He first became acquainted with Lincoln in Hardin county. Mr. Hanks was a first cousin to Lincoln's mother, Nancy Hanks. In the year 1822, when he was twenty years old, he vent on a visit to Spencer county, Indiana. He was there two years, and made his home v T ith the Lincolns, who had removed from Kentucky to that state. Abraham Lincoln was seven years younger than himself, and they worked together for two years, making rails, grubbing land, and performing the other labor required in the development of a farm in a new country. Mr. Hanks bought a piece of land next to the Lincoln farm, which he improved, and then went back to Kentucky. He afterward made several trips, twelve in all, down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to New Orleans. The only means of disposing of surplus farm pro- ducts in those days was by floating them, on flat-boats, down to New Orleans, where a ready market was found. In the year 1826, he married Susan Wilson, a native of Grayson county, Kentucky. In the fall of 1828 he moved to Illinois, and settled on the farm which he now owns in Hickory Point township, four miles north- west of Decatur. On his way from Kentucky to Illinois he passed through Spencer county, Indiana, and stopped for a while with the Lincoln family, and Thomas Lincoln, Abe’s father, told Hanks to write back when he got to Illinois, and inform them what kind of a country he found, and if it was better than Indiana the Lincoln family would remove to Illinois also. Mr. Hanks wrote back, ac- cordingly, soon after he settled in Macon county, that he liked the country, and considered it superior to that part of Indiana in which they lived. Consequently, Thomas Lincoln moved with his family to Macon county, in March, 1830. When he first came to Macon county, Mr. Hanks had cut enough logs for a house on the Sangamon river, but on account of not being able to get any prairie broke, had settled instead in Hickory Point township. On the arrival of Thomas Lincoln, he told him he might have the logs to build a cabin if he liked the location. The offer was accepted, and young Abe Lincoln hauled the logs together with a yoke of oxen, and a cabin was built near the Sangamon, in Harristown township, in .which the Lincoln family lived while they resided in Macon county. In the summer of 1830, he went down to help the Lincolns fence a tract of land, and he and Abe cut and split enough rails to fence fifteen acres. From this lot of rails was taken those displayed at the Chicago convention, in 1860. In the spring of 1831, he and Lincoln built a flat-boat at Sangamon town, five miles from Springfield. They went there in March, cut the timber, built the boat, and in May floated it out of the Sangamon. At St. Louis, Mr. Hanks left the boat to come home and see his family, and left Lincoln and the rest of the crew to navigate it down the Mississippi to New Orleans. In 1832 Mr. Hanks was in the Black Hawk war, having enlisted in a company commanded by Isaac C. Pugh. He came back to Macon county, and was engaged in farming till 1850, and then went to California. He was occupied three years in mining within sixty or seventy miles of Sacramento, and came back in 1853. On the breaking out of the war of the rebellion he volunteered, and enlisted in Co. A, of the 21st Illinois regiment. This was the regi- ment as colonel in command of which Gen. U. S. Grant entered the war. Mr. Hanks was fifty-nine years old when he enlisted. He served over two years as wagon master. While Grant had command of his regiment he had charge of his staff team. He served in Missouri, Tennessee, Arkansas, Kentucky, Alabama, and Mississippi. Becoming incapacitated from duty by the rheuma- Scenes on the Farm of N .S .B AT C H E LD E R Sec. 8, Hickory Point Tp.(17) R. 2, Macon Co. III. . . - HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 205 tism, lie was honorably discharged at Winchester, Tennessee, after two years’ service. Since the war, Mr. Hanks has been three times to California and Oregon, and altogether has seen a considerable portion of this country. He has never held any office, nor has cared to occupy any public position. After Lincoln had been elected president he invited him to dinner at Springfield, and offered to do anything in his power for his old comrade, but he declined to accept any office, preferring to remain at home with his family. Before the war he was a democrat, but always supported Lincoln when he was a candidate for any office, and since the rehellion has been a strong republican. His wife died in Mai’ch, 1863. He has had eight children, of whom six are now living. William resides near Monticello, in Piatt county. James Lewis lives in Lake county, Oregon. Jane married Alexander T. Medlin, and is now dead. John Felix died at the age of twenty-one. Emily is the wife of Elijah Loomis of Hickory Point township. Grayson lives in north-west Missouri. Mary Ellen married John Manning, and now lives in Humboldt county, California, and Levi Hanks, the youngest son, lives near Moawequa. JAMES R. BLACK, Of Hickory Point township, is one of the few surviving soldiers of the Mexican war, living in Macon county. His father, James B. Black, was a native of Humphreys county, Tennessee, and when a young man came to Caldwell county, Kentucky, where he married Mary McCaslin, who was born in Caldwell county. Her father, whose name was James McCaslin, emigrated to America from Ireland. The oldest of the four children of James B. and Mary Black was James R. Black, who was born in Caldwell county, Kentucky, on the fifteenth of October, 1825. In the year 1830, when he was five years old, the family moved to Illinois, and settled on Beaver creek, in Bond county, six miles south of Green- ville. After living there ten years they moved to the southern part of Montgomery county, ten miles from Hillsboro. In that vicinity Mr. Black grew to manhood, attending school as he had opportunity. The schools were usually held in summer, from three to six months in the year, and he obtained a fair education for that day. In the year 1844, when nineteen years old, he left home and went to the state of Arkansas. He secured work in a tan yard, at Morrison’s Bluffs, in Johnson county. Arkansas was then a wild and rough country. He was living in that state at the time of the breaking out of the Mexican war in 1846, and on the 15th of June, of that year, enlisted in company C, of the first Arkansas cavalry, for service against the Mexicans. From Little Rock, Arkansas, the regiment marched through a wild and uninhabited region to Texas. Arriving at San Antonio on the 28th of July, they re- mained in camp at that place till the following 18th of September. They then marched into Mexico, crossing the Rio Grande at Pre- sidio del Norte. The regiment went into camp near Saltillo. It took part in the battle of Buena Vista, which was fought on the 22d and 23d days of February, 1847. The First Arkansas was composed mostly of men u s ed to a frontier life, and embraced good fighting material, though ordinarily, the men were hard to disci- pline and keep in subjection. The regiment fought bravely, was in the thickest of the fight, and did its full share toward securing a brilliant victory over the Mexican General Santa Anna and his forces, which greatly outnumbered the Americans. The Arkansas troops were in General Wool’s command. After the battle of Buena Vista, they lay in camp, near the battle-ground, till June the 5th, when they set out for Camargo, where they were dis- charged, their term of enlistment having expired. This was the only regiment which Arkansas sent to the war. From the mouth of the Rio Grande, he sailed in a vessel across the Gulf of Mexico to New Orleans, and then came by boat to St Louis. On returning to Illinois, he bought a tan-yard, four miles north of Greenville, which he carried on three years. On the 22d of February, 1848, he married Mary Jane White, who was born and raised in Bond county. After quitting the tanning business he en- gaged in farming. He resided in Bond county till 1866, and then came to Macon county and settled in Hickory Point township. The death of his first wife happened in June, 1867. He was mar- ried to his present wife on the 25th of December, 1867. Her maiden name was Rachel Ritchie, daughter of Samuel Ritchie. She was born in the state of Pennsylvania. Mr. Black has nine children, whose names are as follows : Henry C., Albert H., Mary A., William F., Arthur A., Edward R., Ella, Ida F. and Clara S. All but the last two were children by his first marriage. He has lived on his present farm of one hundred and eighty acres, in sec- tion 18, of Hickory Point township, since 1872. He was at first a member of the old whig party, and in 1848, after returning to Illinois, he had the pleasure of casting his first vote for president, for General Zachary Taylor, the hero of the Mexican war. When the whig party went to pieces he became a republican, and has since voted that ticket. His name deserves a place in this work, not only as a good citizen of Macon county, but as one of that con- stantly increasing number which took part in the most brilliant war in which this country was ever engaged. A war which added much wealth to the United States, extended its territory, and in which every battle was a victory. NATHAN S. BATCHELDER. Nathan S. Batchelder, a view of whose farm appears on the opposite page, has been a resident of Hickory Pt. township since 1857. He is descended from a family which has resided in New England for several generations. His ancestors were early settlers at Deer- field, New Hampshire. His father, Edmund Batchelder, was born and raised at Deerfield. His mother, Nancy Smith, was a native of Seabrook, Rockingham county, New Hampshire. The subject of this sketch was born at Deerfield, Rockingham county, New Hampshire, on the nineteenth of October, 1830. He was the second of a family of four children, of whom two were sons and tw r o daughters. He obtained a good education in the common schools. His father was a man in comfortable circumstances, and owned between two and three hundred acres of land — a fair-sized firm for New Eng- land. On growing up, he made up his mind that New Hampshire was not the place in which he could best make his way in the world' and concluded to go West. In the fall of 1855 he came to Coles county, Illinois, where he remained till July, 1856, when he came to Decatur. He found employment for some months in Decatur, and in the spring of 1857 assisted in building a house on the Bloomington road, about nine miles north of Decatur. The following summer he went into the business of breaking prairie. In the autumn of 1857 he purchased eighty acres of land in sec- tion eight of Hickory Point township, which he began improving 206 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. in the spring of 1858. For several years he followed breaking prairie, also purchased ditching machines, and part of the year was engaged in ditching. With the money thus earned he met the pay- ments on his land, on which, in 1862, he erected a dwelling. In October, 1864, he married Mary Ritchie, daughter of Samuel Ritchie. She was a native of Pennsylvania, and died in 1872. His second marriage took place in the fall of 1873, to Mrs. Marga- retta Richards. Her maiden name was Margaretta Corman, and she too was born in Pennsylvania. He has been engaged in farming, and owns two hundred and sixty-five acres of land, part of which lies in Illini township. His farm, which he has kept in grass, is one of the model farms of the township, and everything about it is kept in the best of order. It is amply supplied with fruit of all kinds, and the improvements and buildings are of a substantial character. Beside managing his own land, he leases an adjoining half section. He has eight children, four by each marriage. When he first came to Hickory Point township, few improvements had been made on the prairie, which lay for miles open and uncultivated. Toward bringing it into subjection, and transforming it into productive farms, Mr. Batchelder has done his full share. He began life in the West, with no capital except his own energy, and his success illustrates what may be accomplished by well-directed industry. He has taken no part in public life. He is a republican in politics, though he has never been strictly attached to any party, and for local offices has always supported the man whom he con- sidered best fitted for the position. W. J. MAGEE. W. J. Magee, the present steward of the county poor farm, is a native of Sangamon county, Illinois, and was born about nine miles north-east of Springfield, on the thirty-first of May, 1844. His great-grandfather was a native of Ireland, who emigrated to this country and settled in the state of Delaware. His father, John Magee, was born in Delaware, emigrated to Ohio when eighteen years old, and married Elizabeth Norris. He moved to Illinois in 1843, first settling in Moultrie county, and the next year moving to Sangamon, where the subject of this sketch was born. W. J- Magee was the fifth of seven children. He lived in Sangamon county till 1850, when his father moved to Macon county, and set- tled on a farm near Decatur, and is now living in Whitmore town- ship, where he has filled the office of constable for the last twenty years. Mr. Magee was living at home till toward the close of the war of the rebellion, when (on the fourth of February, 1865,) he enlisted in Co. K, One Hundred and fifty-second Illinois Infantry. From Springfield the regiment went to Tennessee and was stationed at Nashville and Tullahoma; afterward at Louisville, Kentucky and then' at Memphis. It was principally employed in guard duty. He was mustered out of the service at Memphis, September eigh- teenth, 1865, and returned to Macon county. September twenty, third, 1866, he married Fannie Mussel man, who was born in Lan- caster county, Pennsylvania, and was principally raised at Monticello, Piatt county. In 1871 he purchased land and now owns a farm of one hundred and thirty-four acres in Whitmore township. He has had five children, John J., A. Mary, Samuel Iv., Marcus D., who died in infancy, and Ada Estella. For two years he has had charge of the county poor farm, the affairs of which under his man- agement have been carried on with great success. He is one of the warm advocates of the cause of temperance, and is a member of the United Brethren Church. ULYSSES HUSTON Is one of the old residents of the county. His father, John Huston, was a native of Virginia, who emigrated to Ohio and settled at Bloomfield. He was married in Pickaway county, Ohio, to Phcebe Swisher, who was descended from a Maryland family of Dutch descent, who came to Ohio at an early period. Ulysses Huston was the third of a family of six children, by this marriage, and was born in Pickaway county. Ohio, on the 25th of August, 1824. He was raised on a farm. The greater part of his educa- tion was obtained in Ohio, which the family left in October, 1836, to come to Illinois. They struck the Sangamon river five miles from Monticello, on the 2d of November, just a month from the time they started. After staying there a few weeks they settled in what is now Whitmore township, near the mouth of Friend’s creek. He there went to school a few weeks, one of the teachers being the Rev. D. P. Bunn. The school-house was built of logs, with greased paper for windows, puncheon fioors and slab benches. His father died in 1847, and the old place on which the family settled, on coming to the county, is now in the possession of Mr. Huston’s brother. In February, 1858, he married Matilda McCoy, a native of Champaign county, Ohio, whose family moved to In- diana when she was small; settled in McLean county, of this state, about the year 1844, and a couple of years afterward, moved to Macon county. After his marriage he went to farming for him- self, in Whitmore township. Three of his brothers were in the army during the war of the rebellion. In 1867 he purchased his present farm, situated on section thirty-four, Hickory Point town- ship. He has seven children whose names are as follows : Phoebe, now the wife of Robert McCoy , Robert, Martha, now Mrs. Marion Major ; Orus B., Jane, William and Mary L. He was first a whig, voted for Taylor in 1848, and afterward became a republi- can. While residing in Whitmore township he acted as justice of the peace. DANIEL S. WEIGEL. The Weigel family are among the old settlers of Hickory Point township. Solomon Weigel, the father of Daniel S. Weigel, was born in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, on the third of July 1813. He married Caroline Hinkel, who was born in the same county on the third of November, 1828. In June, 1849, the family emigrated to Macon county, Illinois, and in the fall settled on eighty acres of school land in section sixteen of Hickory Point township> which Solomon Weigel had purchased while on a visit to the state several years previous. At the time the family located here it was the furthest settlement out on the prairie. Due North, there was no house until Salt Creek was reached. Solomon Weigel died on the fourth of March, 1864. His wife, Caroline, departed this life on the thirteenth of October, 1868. They were parents of twelve children, whose names are as follows: Daniel S. Weigel ; Henry S. Weigel ; Mary C. Thompson; Simon Weigel, deceased; Bar- bara E Gepord ; John F. Weigel ; Nancy A. Schroll ; Martha J. Reed; Martin V. Weigel ; Solomon R. Weigel; Caroline Weigel deceased ; and Carrie E. Weigel. Daniel S. Weigel, the oldest child, was born in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, on the tenth of August, 1847. He was two years old when his father moved to this county. He attended the common schools in Hickory Point township, and went one term to the State Normal School. He learned the carpenter’s trade, at which he has been engaged a portion of his time. For the last three years he has been living on the old homestead farm. He is a I member of the Church of God, with which he has been connected S ce n es on the Farm of W. R. CROSS MA N , S ec . 22 H / chory Poi nt Tp. (77) R. 2. E. Macon Co . ! ll . HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 207 about fifteen years. He is a regularly licensed minister of that denomination ; during the last five years has preached frequently and is now pastor of the Fairview circuit. RUFUS CROSSMAN. This gentleman, one of the representative farmers of Hickory Point township, is a native of the state of New York. He was born in the town of Cato, Cayuga county, on the third of June, 1834. His grandfather had come from Massachusetts and made his home in cen- tral New York when it was almost an entire wilderness and gave little promise of developing. into the populous country it has since become. Asa Crossman, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in the town of Elbridge, Onondaga county, New York. He married Sarah Baker, a native of the state of Vermont- Mr. Crossman’s maternal grandmother died at the advanced age of ninety-nine years. When he was a child she was accustomed to relate to him many incidents of the olden times. She had lived in New England during the Revolutionary war and heard the first gun fired which ushered in that momentous struggle. She was a woman of great intelligence and force of character. Mr. Crossman’s father was a farmer. He lived on a farm in Cayuga county till his death. He was a good citizen, a deacon in the Baptist church, and a man of benevolent and charitable disposition. Rufus Crossman was raised in Cayuga county. The neighborhood in which he lived had good schools and afforded excellent educa- tional advantages. For two or three terms he attended an acade- my at Jordan, New York. He taught school one winter in the town of Conquest, Cayuga county. In the fall of 1859 he went to Michigan. During the winter of 1859-60 he taught school at Ann Arbor, aud then purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land, covered with heavy timber, and entirely unimproved, near Lansing. In 1860 he came to Illinois to teach school, and thus obtained the money with which to meet the payments on this land. He arrived in Decatur on the first of December, 1860, spent the winter in the vicinity, and the next spring began teaching a select school at Decatur. He subsequently worked on a farm in Hickory Point township, aud then secured the school in the Mound district, three miles north of Decatur. His administration as a teacher proved so satisfactory that he taught this school six winters in succession. He also had charge of the school at Forsythe two terms, of the Hickory Point school one term, and also taught another term at one of the districts in the township, so thaL altogether he has had an extended experience as a teacher. On the first of January, 1863, he married Miss Mary Ellen Muinch, daughter of Jacob Muinch and his wife Frances, whose maiden name was Brett. Her father was from Pennsylvania and her mother from Virginia. The same year he went to farming on his present farm. He afterward purchased forty acres of land north of Forsythe, and lived there several years In 1878 he moved back to the farm on which he now lives. He has three children, Frances Annetta, McEthelbert, and Harriet Ann. The farm which Mr. Crossman occupies is one of the oldest settled in the township. It is composed of one hun- dred and twenty acres. The buildings occupy a beautiful situation. An illustration of the farm is shown on another page. Mr. Cross- man has carried on farming operations with great exactness and attention to detals. Since he has had possession of the farm he has improved it greatly, and spent large sums of money in tileing and ditching. The farm is now in an excellent condition, and in a shape in which it can be successfully and remuneratively handled. It is well adapted for a stock farm, being provided with fine springs and never-failing water running in close proximity to the buildings. In politics he has always been a republican. In 1860 he voted for Lincoln for President. He is a thorough believer in the doctrines of the republican party, considers that it has done much for the country, and that it deserves well of the people. PLEASANT VIEW TOWNSHIP. HEN the County Commissioners met and established township organization, the name Pleasant View was suggested and adopted for this township, for the reason that from the top of the High Mound near the east line of the township, there is a very beautiful view of farms and fertile fields of the surrounding country, which is indeed pleasing to the eye. This township is situated in the extreme south-west corner of the county, and comprises parts of the con- gressional townships, 14 N. R. 1 E., and 15 N. R., 1 E., and contains thirty square miles or 19,200 acres of choice prairie laud. There is but little or no timber in the township. It is drained by Mosquito Creek and its tributaries in the northern and central parts, and Dry Branch and Willow Branch in the south-eastern portion. The Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific railway enters it on section 28 of T. 15 N. R. 1 E., and runs in a south-westerly direc- tion, passing out on section 6, of T. 14 N. R. 1 E. The greater part of the territory embraced within Pleasant View, remained uninhabited in its wild native state for a number of years after the county was organized ; only here and there could be seen the lone cabin of some hardy pioneer who had come to clear the way for the great army of emigrants. The first settlements in this township began in the northern part, and were made by that adventurous class of Kentuckians to whom is due the honor of having done more toward the early settlement and development of Illinois than the natives of any other state in the Union. Some of the men emigrated here prior to 1830. The individual to whom be- longs the credit of having first settled in Pleasant View township, was Valentine Claywell, a native of Kentucky, who located in the northern part of the township in 1828. John Reed was also a very early settler in the same locality. John G. Fletcher, at present living near W. W. Auburn in Christian county, settled in this township in the early part of its history. The earliest marriage which 208 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. occurred in this township was that of William Lewis to Miss Caroline Sprouse, by the Rev. William Ferguson. William Stevens was the first child born. Elder A. D. Xorthcutt, a prominent gentleman, now residing in the adjoining county, has the honor of having de- livered the first sermon, in this as well as in other townships of Macon county. It was not until the year 1867, that a regularly located preacher was secured for this township. This gentleman was the Rev. Mr. Hoye, who was located in the town of Blue Mound, and during the following year, the first church in Pleasant View was erected at that place. As most of the early settlements were made near the northern line of the township, the children attended the schools of Blue Mound township, and for this reason, it was not until the year 1862 that a school-house was erected in Pleasant View. During this year a frame school-house was built on section seven of T. 14 X. R. 1 E., and the same year William Sterett taught the same school. In 1865, William Brookshire opened a blacksmith shop on section eight, which was the earliest in the town- ship. There was no mill of any kind here until Mr. James Irwin, a farmer living a short distance south-east from Blue Mound, erected a wind-mill for the purpose of grinding corn. The first land entered in this township was by David Simons, March 15th ) 1836, forty acres in section thirteen ; Samuel Widick entered one hundred and sixty acres also in the same section. Both tracts were in T. 14 X. R. 1 E. The following are the supervisors, who have represented Pleasant View, as taken from the record books: — D. D Rowles, elected in 1869, and re-elected in 1870, 1871 ; John Hatfield, elected in 1872 ; E. House, elected in 1873, and by re-election each year has held the office ever since. Prominent among some of the older settlers of the county, now living in the township are : James D. Smith, a native of this state, born in the county in 1845 ; is now re- siding in section thirteen. E. F. Delbridge, residing on section seventeen, is a native of Prussia, and came to this country in 1858 ; Wm M. Moss, his neighbor, and from the same country, also resides on section seventeen. Wm. F. Brookshire, a native of Kentucky, came here in 1857, having lived twenty-three years in this town- ship. O. T. Crow, living on section three, is an Ohioan, and set- tled in the county in 1857. During the decade of 1860 there was a large influx of population, and there has continued a steady growth ever since. BLUE MOUND. Like most of the towns along the line of the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific railway, Blue Mound was laid out, soon after the com- pletion of the road, in the year 1870. The road was then known as the Decatur and East St. Louis R. R. The first house in the town was a dwelling-house, built by Wil- liam Cummings in 1861, before the location of the town. It after- ward became the property of James Seiberling. In 1870, a store was moved here from about one mile north of the town, by O. Ul- rich and Bros., which was the first one established. During the same vear the post-office was established, and William Clemens was appointed the first post-master. A school-house was erected in 1871, and Isaac Black was the first person to occupy it as a teacher. The first hotel was opened by A. H. Eicholtz in 1870. Albert Xicholls, was the first to establish a blacksmith shop. The first church in the town was moved from about two miles south of here in 1871. The Rev. Mr. Corley was the first preacher. THE PRESENT BUSINESS HOUSES Of the town may be seen in the following list: The mill and elevator now owned and operated by J. Barrick, was built by Henry Kain and Edward Eicholtz, in the year 1870. In August, 1875, Mr. Barrick purchased an interest in the business, and in October, 1877, he became full proprietor. The elevator is con- structed for handling all kinds of grain, and has a capacity of 10.000 bushels. Can handle three to four thousand bushels of grain per day. The mill has but one run of burrs. The elevator owned and operated by Hatfield, Ellis and Daly, is constructed for handling all kinds of grain, and has a capacity of 12.000 to 14,000 bushels. The tile factory of E. E. Lemen, was built in 1878 by Scott and Lemen ; has a capacity of 175,000 feet of drain tileing per annum. C. E. Bosworth’s tile factory was built in 1877, by Williard and Bosworth, and has a capacity of 150,000 feet of drain tileing per annum. There are two hotels in the place ; Blue Mound Hotel, kept by H. Scott, and the Ward House, by R. D. Ward. The leading physicians are Robert Toby and G. F. Waldron. Dr. W. J. Sane, Dentist. Dry Goods and Groceries. — Dunbar & Nicholls, S. McKnight & Co. Groceries . — William Stringer, D. Seiberling & Bro., Geo. Elliott. Drugs. — Spooner & Sprague, D. E. Henshie. Clothier. — Joseph Miller. Boots and Shoes. — Raup & Chew, Jewelry. — Adam Becker. Barbers — Marris & Bro. Millinery. — Mrs. R. J- Guthrie, Mrs. Schoolcraft, Mrs. J. Johnson, Mrs. Dick- inson, and C. A. Shirley. Hardware and Furniture. — Xiles & Bradley. Hardware and Lumber. — W. B. Cross. Agricultural Implements. — O. Ulrich. Confectionery. — Landon Bro’s. Confec- tionery and Hews Dealer. — D. O. Hatfield Lumber. — C. S. Lewis. Carpenters ■ — J. J. Wilson, J. Freeman, I. Reemsyder. Plasterer . — J. W. Hoffman. Painters. — Duconig & Clements, J. S. Reeves, J. C- Xoe. Tinware and Stoves. — A. Shieve, D. X. McCluskey. Blacksmith and Wagon Makers. — J. K. Clure, Edwards & Purdy. Meat Market — C. M. Spooner- Hay Press. — Milhorn Bro’s. Liv- ery Stables. — J. D. Armstrong, R- D. Ward. The list of business houses above speaks well for a town that has only been in existence ten years. For its business men, Blue Mound has had gentlemen of energy and enterprise, who have used their efforts to build up the town, to the flourishing and prosperous condition it can now boast of. The place has very creditable church buildings, and a good school-house. The town was laid out, princi- pally through the influence of Doctor Goltra, who at that time owned the land upon which the town now stands. Her history is not yet made ; the first ten years of her existence was laying the foundation, from which history may hereafter be gathered. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Mr. Barrick was born in Frederick county, Maryland, Septem- ber 8th, 1833. His parents, Cornelius Barrick and Mary Snook, were natives of the same county, where he followed the calling of carpenter. Mr. Barrick was brought up in the same trade, and laid the foundation of his fortune by the use of the saw and plane. When about seventeen, in company with his oldest brother, William, he directed his course to Illinois, in order to find a larger field of operation, and to have an opportunity to grow up with the country. He made a location in the old village of Middletown, Logan county, and there completed an apprenticeship under the superintendence of his brother, who was a finished and experienced workman. He followed the business two years in Lincoln, after which he directed his steps to Christian county. There, in 1855, he purchased his first farm, a tract of 133 acres, which he reduced to cultivation. He afterwards sold and bought till he owned three farms in that county. He has also owned as many in this county at different dates, and has been known for several years as one of the active 27 business men of this county. About three years ago he located in Blue Mound, and bought the homestead of John Armstrong. His object in coming to this town was to look after the interests of an elevator, in which he had purchased an interest in 1875. In 1877, he bought out the other partners, and has since conducted the business alone. He has added needed improvements suitable to a large and increasing trade, and now does a business equal in magni- tude to any of the kind in the county, handling this season 200,000 bushels of grain. Mr. Barrick has proven a valuable acquisition to the trade and commerce of his town and community, and has gained for himself a reputation in business capability and commercial honor second to none. His private life is also without reproach, and he stands before the people without a blemish on the family escutcheon. He was married while in Logan county, to Miss Barbara A., the daughter of Samuel Gaver, formerly also of Frederick county, Maryland. This lady died in the spring of 1863, leaving four 209 210 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. children, three daughters still surviving, two of whom are married, viz : Melinda, the consort of Charles Wilcox, a resident of Christian county, and Carrie, the wife of Win. Henshie, of this county. His second and present wife was formerly Mrs. Jane R. Leister, relict of Jno. Leister, formerly of Bureau county, and native of the Chesapeake States. Five heirs constitute the fruits of this union, a son and four daughters. Mr. Barriek in the multiplicity of business has not neglected the greater concerns of the Christian religion, but for a number of years has tried in a humble manner to serve the “ King of Kings.” He has maintained a consistent and creditable standing in the Methodist church for a quarter of a century, where his family have also found a spiritual home. He is a republican in his political creed, and therefore a Union man in the full sense of the term. He was not in the late war him- self, but his family furnished to the L T nion columns six brothers and one brother-in-law, who fought through the war, which eventuated in the integrity of the Republic. Mr. Barriek is a firm believer in the great future of the American nation, is an advocate of the equal rights of all before the bar of civil law, and that in social standing men should be taken breast high— that is, valued for their moral and religious worth alone, in- dependent of monetary considerations. He came to this state poor and with only a limited education, but by industry and good judgment he has amassed at least an indepen- dence in property, and by a long course of general reading and business calculations he has supplied what he failed to acquire in his early school days. He has treated all with fairness in trade, has never taken the advantage in cases when others have been de- pendent on him, and to his perpetual credit it can be said that in no instance has he oppressed the poor, and that in all business trans- actions, however needy second parties were, he has always treated them as if no disparagement in circumstances existed. JOHN D. SEIBERLING. Though still a young man, Mr. Seiberling deserves a passing notice, both on account of the services he has rendered his country and the business relations he sustains to his town, as well as to pre- serve a record of a well-known family. His grandfather, Jno. D. Seiberling was a native of Lehigh county, Pennsylvania, where he served as post-master fifty-four years, and was the oldest P. M. of the Keystone state. He married a Miss Bear, and lived to the age of ninety-two years, and died while on a visit to Ohio. James Seiberling, now a well-known citizen of this township, father of our subject, is also a native of Lehigh county, Pennsylvania, was raised there and also there married to Miss Sarah Moser. He afterwards settled in Summit County, Ohio, where he lived till he moved here in 1864. He has had a family of fourteen children, all now dead, save six, viz. : Catharine App, J. D., O. R., P. M., Sarah Wise and Miss Mary — all of the town of Blue Mound. John D. also claims Lehigh county as the place of his nativity. He tvas about ten years old when his parents moved to Summit county, Ohio. There he was raised and secured a good education, and also learned the harness-making trade. He entered the army in 1862, and fought in the Union ranks till the close of the war, and was in the battles of the Wilderness, Gettysburg and other serious engagements of the eastern campaigns. He was seriously wounded at Gettysburg, and came very near being a sacrifice on the altar of the country for his devotion to the Union. He won a reputation while in the service, of a brave soldier and a true patriot. After the close of hostilities he returned to Ohio, and worked at his trade till 1871, when he came to Blue Mound and embarked in the grocery trade, in which business he represents the oldest house of the kind in the town. He has a large and growing business, and has proved himself a valuable acquisition as a good merchant and an active promoter of general enterprise. He is democratic in politics, and does not consider that in any respect his record as a Union soldier is compromised thereby. He fought in the army alone for the integrity of the Union and not for any system of prin- ciples purely political, and now votes the democratic ticket as em- bodying the best doctrines for the government of the nation. He was married in Ohio, October 22d, 1868. His wife was formerly Miss Jennie Foster, of Summit county. They have one child, a son, Erl. ELEAZER HOUSE. In giving historical sketches of the more prominent gentlemen of the county, it would not be right to omit the popular supervisor of Pleasant View township. He is a Buckeye by nativity, and was born July 27th, 1822. His father, John House, a native of the Keystone State, moved to Ohio in 1814. He was married in Penn- sylvania to Miss Sarah Nicely, a short time after his return from the war of 1812. On settling in Ohio, a location was selected in Jefferson county, in which he improved a neat farm, on which he died in 1833, leaving his widow with six children. This property was afterwards sold for $16,000, and the family moved to Medina county, where their mother died in 1853. Mr. House was married in Jefferson county in 1851, the object of matrimonial alliance be- ing Miss Nancy E. Frazer. After a brief wedded life, death sun- dered the relation, and he buried this excellent companion in Medina county in 1855. She left two children, one of whom, (Samuel, now residing in Arkansas,) still survives. In the same county he married his second wife, Miss Flora A. Martin, the daughter of James and Lucretia Martin. Within five years he was compelled to surrender this lady also to the stern mandate of Na- ture, which consigns all to the tomb. She died in 1860, and also left two children, — a son, now in business in Blue Mound, and an unmarried daughter at home. Mr. House bought his farm near Blue Mound in 1865, but did not move to it till the spring of 1866, and since that time the people have known him as a husbandman. Here he has made first-class improvements, and though not exten- sively engaged in agriculture, he manages to make every part of his quarter section of land pay good dividends. Taste and good management are everywhere manifest on his premises — unstinted hospitality makes his home not only one of refinement aud elegance, but of social and intellectual enjoyment. He has made himself generally useful in aiding measures looking to the public welfare, and has also borne a part in the discharge of official business. He is now serving as supervisor, for the eighth term, besides being in former years clerk and collector. He is not, however, an office-seeker, and feels more disposed to evade than to court positions of public trust. In politics he is a democrat of the old Jacksonian school ; and therefore, while he holds that the rela- tions between the General Government and States cannot be peace- ably severed, he maintains the theory of strict construction as a doctrine of the Federal Constitution, and that the States, the great bulwarks of our freedom, have rights that the Congress of the Na- tion are bound to respect. He, with all good democrats, denounces i m Farm Residence of A. M ICHAUX, Sec.1 ■>&*>]&£ : SPAMS mmmm SHSH gli i i Poland chinas Plymouth rock chickens BLUE MOUND ilLLSltiiiiiiMli I * Tr-J -kj | lg 8 ■ll^.f 7 Stock Farm & Res. of E.HOUSE.Sec. 31 . Pleasant View.Tp. ( 15 ) R.I.E. Macon Co. III. 1 Mile N. of BlueMound Station. / HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS, 211 centralization in all its forms, and is in favor of strangling its inci- pient tendencies wherever found. For the people of the county, without distinction of political creed, he expresses a high regard, and feels that since he came to the county he has been among a people that have ^actcd toward him like brothers, and with whom he expects to fraternize, while contributing his share in the material, moral and social develop- ment of the adopted county of his home. In life he can say, in review of the past, that he has been successful, though he may not have reached to the summit seen in youthful ambition. While he has enjoyed much, he has also passed through the deep waters — proved the vanity of many fond allurements, and realized grief when pleasures seemed to predominate, as expressed in the beau- tiful lines of Burns, that — “ Pleasures are like poppies spread, You seize the flower, the bloom is shed ; Or, like snow-flakes on the river, One moment white, then lost forever.” ABEL S. FERRE. This gentleman came to this country from the dominion of Canada. He was born January 8, 1832, aud is the son of Marshall Ferre and Nancy Stephens, residents at the time near the village of Beverly. When about three years old, his parents moved to Western Illinois, and located in Adams county, where a farm was purchased, on which the family resided till 1864, when another change made them residents of Shelby county, where his father died, November 12th, 1865. Mr. Ferre had only such chances for an education as were com- mon to the pioneers of Illinois, and consequently he had few did not drink deep from the perennial springs, still a sufficient amount of education was acquired to make him a fair business calculator, and he has added from time to time by general reading to the original stock, till he has reached a pdane entitling him to a position among our best-informed and most intelligent citizens. He attained his legal majority in Adams county, and was there united in the holy ties of wedlock with Miss Sarah J., daughter of Lemuel Chapman. Her mother was formerly Martha Kansler, and at the time of her removal from Adams county, Tenn., was a widow with five children. Mr. Ferre bought his first farm in Adams county, but sold out and moved to Shelby county with his parents. He did not pur- chase property in that county on account of the rumors of “ milk sickness,’” once the common terror in many sections of the state. He bought his second farm in this township in the fall of 1865 — a quarter section, which has since grown to 250 acres, under judicious management. This is in every sense one of the premium farms of Pleasant View township, and has improvements which entitle it to rank with other first-class estates of the county. Its owner broke the virgin soil aud has expended on its improvement and cultivation the best energies of his life. He has not only been doing a prosperous business in general agriculture, but also in the general stock trade, for which his premises are admirably fitted. He has not only prospered in worldly interests, but has been blessed in family relations. He has one married daughter, Nancy A. Price, of Piatt county, and three children at home, namely : Abel A., Marshall, and Charles M. Though not an extreme partisan, he is a republican in politics, believing that the principles of his party are best adapted to the general welfare of the nation at large, and best calculated to the growth and expansive interests of the nation, especially those newer features developed by our increased population and vast diversity of local needs. To the people of the county he feels, without dis- tinction of party lines, that he lives among a noble and energetic population, with whom he expects to labor for such a period as Providence may permit, for the growth, development and upbuild- ing of a still higher form of civilization, which will put Macon among the first counties of Illinois. Mr. Ferre has performed a vast amount of work with his own hands, and has shirked no duty either toward his township or county. He has a clear record, and has so lived that there is not a stain to dishonor his name, and we can say of him in concluding this notice, that he has made life a success, and that the lines have fallen to him in pleasant places. NATHAN A. CARR. Mr Carr represents one of the oldest families in this state. His great-grandfather, Joseph Carr, was a revolutionary soldier, a native Virginian, and settled in the vicinity of Kaskaskia about the year 1797, at which time Henry Carr, his grandfather, was about nine years old. When he grew to manhood he became connected with the ranger service, and was some time under Gene- ral Whitesides, and it would require a volume to properly relate his adventures and the various perils and battles with the “ wily foe.” The family moved at a later period near the present site of Belle- ville, where George W., Mr. Carr’s father was born, in the year 1814. He was married, in St. Clair county, to Miss Teresa Garner, wdien twenty-two years old, by whom he raised five sons — Matthew S-, George W. L., James G., Henry A., and Nathan A-, and one daughter, Mary B , the wife of Robert Woods, of Cass county, Missouri. James and Henry are now at Leadville, Colorado, and Matthew, an M. D., is still in St. Clair county, where our subject was born, March 29th, 1838. He was raised to the life of a farmer and stock-trader, and was married in his native county to Melissa Rittenhouse in 1860. He came to this county with his father, in 1865, and bought an adjoin- ing farm, on which he still resides. His real estate possessions now include the old homestead of his parents, which makes a tract of four hundred acres, a property handsomely and suitably improved for the purpose of general agriculture and the stock trade, in which its owner has been more or less employed ever since he settled in the county. He has done considerable tileing — in fact has his farm well tiled, and his experience is, that it is one of the best investments which he has ever made as an aid to the interests of production and the supply of stock water yielded. It is not only beneficial as a drain- age, but it is equally advantageous to the more elevated land as a fertilizer. By it the air is allowed to circulate and penetrate the soil, which both mellows and fertilizes. He has a family of eight children — six sons and two daughters — all promising, and enjoying the advantages which wealth brings in educating them as they grow up for honorable and responsible positions in life. In politics, Mr. Carr is a democrat, as have been all his prede- cessors from his illustrious great-grandfather, who aided in estab- lishing the independence of the American people, his grandfather, who helped to lay the social foundation of Illinois, his father, a 212 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. venerable pioneer, in whose knowledge and history a wilderness w T as converted into fruitful fields, and a territory to a state ranking now T the third in the Union. With such antecedents and with such examples it is no marvel that Mr. Carr stands in the same line of political faith. His sen- timents, though not a simple inheritance, are the result of sober reflection, careful study, and a comparison of the effects of different national administrations on the material and social well-being of the country at large, as well as an analysis of various platforms, and these tested by the principles embodied in the federal constitution itself. Socially, Mr. C. is generous, frank, and always ready with his means to aid in every good work, and takes an active interest in all matters affecting his township and the county. SOUTH MACON TOWNSHIP. B S in the center of the tier of townships lying in the ex- treme southern part of the county. It is bounded on I the north by South Wheatland, on the east by Mt. j Zion and Milam, on the south by Shelby county, audon the west by Pleasant View and Blue Mound townships It is drained by Dry Branch, Willow Branch and Long Grove Branch. There is considerable timber to be found along the margins of these streams, particularly along Long Grove Branch. The soil is rich and pro- ductive, and in this township may be found many of the best im- proved farms in the county. The township comprises half of each of the two congressional townships Hand 15 N., Range 2 E.,,mak- ing a full township with thirty-six sections. The Illinois Central Railroad enters the township on the north of section 21, and runs in nearly a south-west direction through the township, passing out on the south-west corner of section 17 of T. 14 N. R. 2 E. The town of Macon, situated near the centre of the township is the second in population in the county, and where most of the trading of the farmers in the township is done. EARLY SETTLEMENTS. In 1835, William Morris, with his family, came from Indiana and built a cabin on section 12 of T. 14 N., R. 2 E., just north of what is now known as the Long Grove. This is a long strip of timber, probably three-fourths of a mile in width, running along the southern edge of the township. Mr. Morris was the first settler in the township, but he did not live long after he came. He died in 1836, one year after his arrival in the county. This was the first death. He was buried near the east end of Long Grove, in what afterward became the neighborhood burying-ground, and was the first place of the kind established in South Macon township. Isaac Vise came from Kentucky in 1837 or ’38, and located fur- ther south in the township than where Mr. Morris had settled. In 1840 Thomas Atterberry, familiarly known as “ Big Tom ” Atter- berry, now living near the centre of the township, was traveling through the country and lost his way at night, and in the morning discovered he was only a short way from a house, which proved to be the one occupied by William Morris and his family. Thomas Atterberry, commonly called “Black Tom,” built a house on section 8, in T. 14 N., R. 2 E., and moved his family of eight persons from Breckinridge county, Kentucky, in the year 1845. About the same time Richard Atterberry moved from Grayson county, Kentucky, and settled on section 12, T. 14 N., R. 2 E. About 1837, two brothers, James and Hargus Stewart, also from Kentucky, settled in the south east part of the township, and in 1849 William Portwood, at present living just across the line in Shelby county, came and settled in South Macon, on section 12, T. 14 N., R. 2 E. Here it would, perhaps, not be out of place to men- tion that in early times there prevailed a strange superstition among the settlers of this locality. Some time between 1840 and '45, a Mrs. Stewart, residing east of Long Grove, died and w r as buried in the south-eastern part of the grove. The people living in that neighborhood, or a great many of them at least, for a num- ber of years, believed and insisted that Mrs. Stewart’s ghost haunted that locality, and for a long time they could not be induced to pass that portion of the grove after nightfall for any consideration. Isaac Davis, one of the representative men who now resides in the north part of the township came here and settled near where he lives in 1853. There was quite a settlement at an early date in the south-west corner of the township, composed chiefly of the Armstrongs and their relatives and the McHenrys, many of whom afterwards removed and still live in various parts of Shelby county. About the year 1838, Mr. and Mrs. Stewart, who are pre- viously mentioned as having come from Kentucky about 1837, had a child born to them, which was the first birth in the township. The settlement in the south-west part of the township is credited with having had the first school-house. This was built on section 12, of T. 14 N. R. 2 E., in the year 1854. The first teacher was Bradford Stuart who came from Kentucky to Illinois at an early date. He was a native of Indiana. B. K. Durfee, now of Decatur, taught school at quite an early day in a school-house on section 8, T. 14 N., R. 2 E., about two miles south of Macon. The first entries of Government land: On Nov. 5th, 1835, James Stewart entered 40 acres on section 13; William Norris entered 80 acres in same section Nov. 5th, 1835, and same day he entered 40 acres, also 80 acres in same section, all in T. 14 N., R. 2 East of the 3d P. M. The following are the supervisors from this township: W. D. Hamilton, elected in 1860; L. M- Clement, elected in 1861 ; A. H. Martin, elected in 1862; W. W. Dean, elected in 1863; Frank Babcock, elected in 1864, and re-elected in 1865 ; N. Failing, elec- ted 1866, re-elected 1867 ; Joel T. Walker, elected 1867, and re-elected each succeeding year up to 1872; N. Fail- ing, elected 1873; W. S. Gage, elected 1874, re-elected 1875; R. H. Woodcock, elected 1876, re-elected each succeeding year, and is the present incumbent. Stock Farm of D.W.BRENNEMAN & EL! BRENNEMAN Sec.30J.J5,R.2, (Macon Tp.) Macon Co, III iS'X ' ■ ■ i§|£ Mpi HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 213 THE TOWN OF MACON. This thriving little place is situated on section thirty-two ofTp. 15 N. R. 2 E., and on the line of the Illinois Central railroad, a'oout ten miles from the city of Decatur. It is in the heart of a thickly populated country, and commands the trade for many miles around. It was laid out by the Illinois Railroad Company, immediately after the completion of the road in 1854. The first building erec- ted, was by the railroad company. It was used as a freight and passenger depot. C. H. Ruby was the first person to settle in the town. He lived in this depot from 1854 to 1860. In 1857 the company appointed J. S. Ruby, their agent at Macon, who was the first regular agent of the company at this place. Here for a number of~years, the company had their land office for the sale of lands in this portion of the county. A. G. Harris built the first residence in this town. This was in the year 1858. Jas. Searneus, who came from Ohio, in the year 1858, was the first person to open a store in the town, for the purpose of general mercantile business. James Wells taught the first school in the town. The first school-house was erected in 1858, and was used for years for that purpose, but is now used as a dwelling. The Rev. Mr. Wallace preached the first sermon, that was delivered by any min- ister in the town of Macon. This was in the freight depot of the Illinois Central Railroad, in the year 1860. It was the custom for the preacher going through on the railroad to stop at Macon, and deliver a sermon in the freight house. This practice was continued uutil the erection of a church. The Methodist being the prevail- ing creed in this locality, in the early days of Macon city, grew in members and wealth until in 1865, they became able, and built a church, which was the first church of any denomination in Macon. The Rev. Mr. Wallace was the first preacher regularly located in the town. The year 1860 was marked by the opening of a hotel, by C. H. Ruby, who is still engaged in the hotel business. In 1857 a post- office was established, and the present name given it. J. S. Ruby was the first person appointed to the office of post-master. The first death was that of James Gahretty, who was employed in the con- struction of the freight depot, and while at work on that building, fell from the roof and received fatal injuries, from which he died- This sad event occurred in the year 1855. The wedding of Joseph and Mrs. Louisa De Vere, was the earliest in the history of Macon. The ceremony was performed by a Rev- erend Father of the Catholic church, who happened to stop over at this station. The event took place in the year 1857, at the home of Mr. C. H. Ruby, who was then living in the passenger depot. Charles Crow was the first person to establish a general black- smithing business in the town, in the year 1857. Dr. Geo. S. Gray, a physician still practising in this place, was the first physician, who came to locate permanently in Macon. He came in I860- The town does a prosperous business, and is the third city in the county in point of population. The present business houses are: Dry Goods and Groceries. — Roscow & Hemphill, J. Frick, N. Cazalett, S. G. Washburn, W. R. Whittaker. Boots and Shoes . — B. F. Weeks, J. J. Swatz. Drugs and Groceries. — J. Allinson, T. C. Drinkall. Banks. — Hight Bros., 1878, N. Failing, 1880. Hotel. — Ruby House, by C. H. Ruby. Restaurants. — Roush & Young. J. A. Cook. Elevators. — Failing and Nebinger, L. F. Webb. Livery Stables ■ — Thos. Whittaker, J. L. Gray. Wagons. — D. Ka- lips, H. S. Cook. Blacksmiths. — Joseph Amoek, Anton Beschel, G. W. Cook. Undertaker. — J. C. Baldridge. Furniture. — George Glenn. Barber Shop. — Jean Young. Clothing. — Samuel Johnson. Meat Markets. — E. E. Pennypacker, Hudson A Co. Carpenter . — Eli Stoffer. 1 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JAMES HOPSON, ESQ. Mr. Hopson properly falls into that class of husbandmen whose services as a citizen and an agriculturist, render necessary honor- able notice. He was born in Herkimer county, N. Y. Oct. lltli, 1819. He received a liberal education while in his native state. Hard study and the confinement to the school-room impaired his health, and he determined to spend a short time in recuperation on the sea, and he consequently spent the winter of ’40 and the ensuing summer on the ocean. Mr. H. then devoted about a year in teach- ing and reading law. He next moved to the West and located in Macoupin county, this state, of which he remained an honored ci- tizen till 1857, when he removed to this county, on the farm where he now lives, and which he purchased in 1855. While in that county he was employed principally in farming, though he at first taught several terms and gained considerable credit as an educator. He also paid some attention to the legal profession, but finding his physical organization utterly incompatible with the sedentary requirements of either the law office or the school-room, he abandoned all ideas of professional life in favor of the healthier exercise of farm duties. He owned two farms in Macoupin county. The first purchase was made in 1843, nearChesterfield, and the second nearer the county seat- He made money, and proved by his success that he had adopted a calling for which he was well qualified. On locating in this county, he began the work of improvement on a raw quarter section. Within two years he had it all fenced and broken, performing all the required labor with his own hands, hauling his rails about eight miles. There was not at the time a dwelling-house in the town of Macon, and only a few small farm-houses in sight of his premises. The country soon however began to settle up, and in the summer of 57 Mr. Hopson counted as many as thirty two-prairie [ox] teams engaged in turning over the sod, most of which were in sight of his house. Under careful management and skillful cultivation the original “ one hundred and sixty” has grown into the dimensions of a three hundred and sixty acre tract, all in a fine state of tillage ; and is now one of the first class homesteads of Macon County, where old-fashioned hospi- tality is still extended to all, such as was common in the earlier and pioneer days of the county. 214 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. He lias been twice married. His first wife was Miss Martha Richmond, daughter of Elkanah Richmond. This marriage occur- red in 1848, while Mr. H. was enjoying a visit in his native state. She died in 1855, leaving a son, Chas. R. now engaged in the prac- tice of law at Elgin. He was married the second time in 1859, his wife, being formerly Miss Sarah A. Fish, daughter of Win. L. Fish, still living, at the advanced age of ninety years. The nuptials were celebrated, June 23d, in the passenger depot, at Macon, which was likely the first marriage celebrated within the limits of the township. The issue of this union has been eight children, four survivors, viz , Edward F., Otho R and Misses Ethel and Lucy. The remote ancestry were residents of Northumberland county, England. Five brothers came to this country together, three of whom died in the continental army. From one of the three survivors, Mr H. counts his descent. The given name of his grandfather was Alvarus. He was a native of Conn., where also James, Mr. Hopson’s father, was born, who was only seven years old when the family settled in Herkimer county, N. Y. Miss Lucy Tuttle, whom he afterwards married, was also a native of the same state, and her parents settled in the same county at about the same date. They raised seven children, four of whom are still surviving the subject of this sketch, Mrs. Cramp and Mrs. Osborn of this township, and S. T. Hopson, a well known farmer of Macoupin county. Mr. Hopson was originally an old-line Whig, and cast his first vote for Genl. Harrison. He supported Douglas in 1860. He supported Lincoln in his second and Grant in his first term, and has since acted with what has been known as the Greenback party, in which his name is well known. He has been appointed several times, but has attended only one state and two national conventions. He is notan office-seeker, and since settling in this county has only officia- ted in township positions and the office of Justice of the Peace. THOMAS DAVIS Is another old settler who has figured prominently in the affairs of the county, and who has done much to add both to its business and its wealth, and we therefore with pleasure add a brief notice of his life. He is a native of the Keystone state, and was born in Washing- ton county, September 12th, 1819, and is the son of George Davis and Hester Whiteman, natives of the same county. After attaining the age of manhood he went to Licking couaty, Ohio, where he served as a farm hand about five years, then spent some two years in farming and trading on his own account in Muskingum county. He next directed his course westward, and located in Mt. Zion township, this county, in 1848. He purchased a farm in company with Philo Buckingham, another well-known business gentleman, and began trading in sheep and cattle. He soon purchased other lands in that township, and became well-known throughout this section of the state, both as a prominent farmer and an active, trader, and has maintained a business reputation from that day to this, which places him prominently before the people. For the last four years he has made a specialty in shipping horses and mules to the West, principally to Nebraska. Some of his investments have been very profitable, while others have involved heavy losses, and he has therefore had about the usual luck of all large traders. His object though, it seems, has not been so much to save money as to make it. His motto has been to create business, whether it prom- ises large personal gains or not. He naturally loves to see business and trade active, the country prosper, even independent of his owm immediate interests, and no man in his section of the county should 1 have more credit than he for stirring up the active energies of general commerce. He has been twice married. His first wife was Miss Elizabeth Rogers, whom he married while on a visit to his old home in Penn- sylvania. This companion he buried while a resident of Mt. Zion township. She was the mother of one child, which only lived a short time. He was married to his present companion in 1856. Her given name is Margaret, sister to his first wife. She has had three chil- dren, all dead. With respect to family history, the following items are gathered. His grandfather Davis was a native of Wales. He arrived in this country about the time of the Revolutionary war. He settled in Washington county, Pennsylvania, where he died. Mr. Davis’ fa- ther was there born and raised and became a farmer and brick-ma- son. He then married the lady already mentioned, and raised seven children — six still living: Thomas, Eliza Hatfield, of native county, Isaac, a well-known farmer of this township, Joseph, a farmer of Borie county and Martha and Mary J. In politics Mr. Davis is an independent thinker, and votes as he thinks best for the general welfare of the country. He was a Unionist during the late war, and is in favor of the equal rights of all in civic privileges. In physical constitution he has been endowed in a remarkable degree. He has had an iron constitution, and has performed a vast amount of manual labor. He is still robust and strong, and is yet blessed with unimpaired energies, and the prospect is that he will yet serve the county for many years in the work of material and social development. DAVID P. KELLER. When Mr. Keller came to the county in 1869, he purchased the tract where he now lives, 240 acres, then entirely in a state of nature, and for which he paid $31.00 per acre. He at once began to improve, and has since added another 40 acre tract, to what is now 7 one of the finest homesteads of the county. It is high, rolling, rich, and healthy, and includes a fine grove of timber, known to old settlers as Hickory Bunch. He has pursued what is often styled as a mixed system of husbandry, raising all the cereals com- mon and usual to the country, and does a business in the line of live stock. He is therefore ready for the market in its different variations. He is a close calculator, a neat workman, and spends money liberally, and every part of his possessions bears the impress of these characteristics. He has not only added a superb estate to the county’s wealth, but has built uj> a beautiful and refined home for his family, which will stand as a monument to his skill, taste and industry, when his remains find a resting-place with his fathers who have gone before. Mr. Keller was born in Fairfield county, Ohio, July 10th, 1834. He was raised to manhood on his father’s farm, and was well edu- cated in letters and all branches of practical business. He was first married, Jan. 1st, 1856, to Miss Mary Hampson, who died the same year without issue. Was married again Sept. 20th, 1859, to his present wife, formerly Miss Rebecca McFarland, daughter of Walter and Julia (Wideler) McFarland, early settlers of Fairfield county. Her grandfather McFarland, was from Scotland, and was accompanied to this country by a brother, who became a soldier in the continental army. Her father served his country as a soldier, during the war of 1812. He settled in Fairfield county about the year 1800, when Ohio was a new country. When the late civil war broke out Mr. Keller volunteered, but idence: , Stock & Grain Farm of FRED * BAILEY Sec.1 6,T.1 5,R. 1 ,( Blue Mound Tp) Macon CoJll . ■'¥fra'S i R esidence , Stock SGrai n Farm of J. W.WALKER Sec.S,T 1 4-,R.2 t ( Macon Tp J Macon Co. I ll. HIS TORY OF MACON COUNT Y, 1L L IN 0 IS. 215 only remained in the army about a year, when it became his imper- ative duty to return home, which he did in 1864. The following autumn he came to Shelby county, this state, but not liking the soil so well as that of this county, he sold his farm and moved here. Mr. Keller’s ancestors date back to that great “ bee-hive of na- tions” — Germany. His grandfather, Henry, was a native of York county, Pa., and married Miss Catharine Seitz. They raised numerous children who afterward scattered over the West and South. Daniel, Mr. Keller’s father, was the sixth and youngest son. He located in Fairfield county, in 1802. His wife was Susanna Ruffuer, and they are both still living in their old county, where their parents settled on coming to the state. They raised eleven children, six sons and five daughters, and have three sons and all their daughters still living. Their residences are as fol- lows : Emanuel of Pettes county, Mo., Augustus R., Indian Agent in Montana Ter., Mrs. Lovina (Jonas) Hite, Mrs. Sophia (Jno.) Caldwell, Mrs. Catharine (W. L ) Rigby, and Mrs. Susan (Wm.) Medill, reside in their native county ; Mrs. Catharine It. (Jackson) Shaver is a resident of Lasalle county, this state. They are all well circumstanced, and all have the highest social standing. Of Mr. Keller it is not necessary to speak, as he is one of the “best acquainted men” of the county, one that is not only known, but also knows everybody. The writer’s opinion is that he is a whole-souled, enthusiastic, and high-minded gentleman, not only of high and meritorious standing, but also clear-headed, not only in business matters, but on the great national topic of the age — the currency question. It is needless to say that he is a greenbacker of the first water, and an uncompromising friend of popular gov- ernment and popular rights. Mr. and Mrs. K. have been highly blessed in their family rela- tinos, and are conferring on their children a good education. Names as follows: Walter S., Augustus R., Ada D., Grace, and Julia A. Two of the daughters are now in attendance at the school at Valparaiso, Ind. ILL INI TOWNSHIP. HIS township, lying on the west side of the county, is bounded on the north by Austin, on the east by Hickory Point, on the south by Harristown, and on the west by Niantic township and Logan county. The surface is a level prairie. The soil, like the adjoining townships, is rich and product- ive. It is well drained by Jones’ Creek in the north-west corner, Ditch Branch in the central part and Willow Branch which heads in sec- tion 35, and runs in a westerly direction and leaves the township in section 31 . The Pekin and Decatur Railroad enters it on section 6, and runs diagonally across the township, leaving it on section 24. The name lllini, is an Indian name, and means “ real men ” or “superior men.” Some of the earl) r explorers wrote the name of this tribe lllini, and others Illinois. There were no settlements made in lllini until the year 1850, when Walter Turner emigrated from Ohio, and settled on or near what is now section 31, where he erected a frame dwelling-house and began farming. Mr. Turner is still residing in the township, having moved, however, to the north-western part, where he is en- gaged in farming. Later in the same year, William Peed, from Morgan county, Illinois, and Humphrey Scroggins, from Logan county, Illinois, settled near Walter Turner. These families formed a nucleus around which the settlements rapidly increased with families from the east, principally from the granite state. In the autumn of 1857, a pay school was opened by a Miss Dud- ley, who continued to teach in one of the farm-houses, until the spring of the year following, when a frame school-house was erected on section 34. Miss Dudley then taught a public school in this building on its completion. The first sermon preached in this township was by a Methodist circuit rider, from Illiopolis, in the year 1856. Rev. John Hughes was the first resident preacher. lllini remained destitute of a house of worship until the year 1875. John Peed and Jemimiah Hensen were the first couple married. Carter Scroggins, a son of Humphrey Scroggins, was the first_ child born. This occurred in 1851 or ’52. In 1853, occurred the death of a lady named Sarah Eyman, who was a member of the family of Mr. Eyman, who came from St. Clair county, Illinois, at an early date. This was the first death. The first Justice of the Peace was Lewis Eyman. Mr. Rodgers was the first to open a shop and do general blacksmithing. In 1871, occurred the establishment of a post-office at Warrens- burg, with R. Schrader, as first post-master. Dr. Holbrook, who located in Warrensburg, was the first physician. The first entry of land dates back to July 18th, 1849, when Walter Turner entered 80 acres in section 33, and two tracts in section 34, of 80 acres each. And on the same day Humphrey Scroggins entered S.W. I of section 34, 160 acres, all in T. No. 17 N. R. 1 east of the 3d P. M. 1 The first introduction of fine stock was made by Skillman Allen. In 1855, he brought a herd of -short-horn ‘ cattle from Kentucky; also in the same year he had imported from Kentucky a lot of Cotswold sheep. In 1857, J. H. Pickerell bought and introduced the first fine hogs. These were the Berkshire breed. In 1862, he brought some fine south down sheep from Kentucky. During the same year, Samuel Batchelder brought into the township some Mor- gan and St. Lawrence horses, which were the first well-bred horses. Following is a list of the supervisors since township organization : J. H. Pickerell, elected in 1864 ; John S. Childs, elected in 1865, and re-elected in ’66 and ’67 ; J. C. Tucker, elected in 1868 ; J. J. Bachelder, elected in 1869, and re-elected in ’70 ; J. C. Tucker, elected in 1871, and re-elected in ’72 ; L. R. Moi’se, elected in 1873, and re-elected each succeeding year up to ’76; E. J. Roberts, elected in 1877, and re-elected each year, and is the present incum- bent. Peter Wise, a Pennsylvanian, who came to the county in 1850, 21G HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. now lives on section 11 ; M. E. Batchelder, on section 19, came from New Hampshire in 1854 ; C. F. Demsey, a resident of War- rensburg, is an Ohioan, and came in 1853 ; J. T. Clough, living on section 32, is a native of New Hampshire, and emigrated in 1861 ; these are a few of the prominent men now residing in the town- ship. The town of Warrensburg is beautifully situated on section 14, on the line of the Pekin and Decatur Railroad, about nine miles north-west of Decatur. It was laid out by Messrs. Warren and Durfee, soon after the construction of the railroad. The town was named in honor of Mr. Warren, one of the original proprietors. John Ritchie erected the first dwelling-house. The first store was kept by Samuel Ritchie, just north of the present limits. The post- office was established in 1871, with R. Schrader as post- master. Jonas Hawood kept the first hotel. Samuel Ritchie was also the first blacksmith. The Husman Brothers were the first persons to erect a mill. It was a very old and odd pattern, and presents a very strange appear- ance. It is a wind-mill of the old New England style, and was 1 built for grinding corn meal and buck-wheat flour. It is still stand- ing and in operation. The wagon-shop of Messrs. Workman & Binkley was the first establishment of the kind in the town. Dr. Holbrook was the first physician. In 1874, the Methodist denomination erected the first church. Rev. Mr. Morland delivered the first sermon in the town, and Rev. Mr Simmons was the first local preacher. Miss Harman taught the first school. The school-house was built in 1874. Messrs. Bauglm & Kepler built the first tile works. The present business of Warrensburg is : — General Stores. — Ritchie & Bro. ; A. W. Leavitt ; Shaw & Six. Elevators. — Wm. Ritchie, capacity 12,000 bushels ; D. N. Dunlap, capacity 12,000 bushels. Drugs. — C. F. Demsey. Meat Market. — C. M. Dillinger. Physicians. — C. F. Demsey, J. N. Randle. Harness, Boot and Shoe Store — M. R. Schrader. Grange Store. — G. W. Thompson. Blacksmith — Edward Weekly. Blacksmiths and Wagon-makers. — AVorkman and Binkley. Tile Works. — Kepler & Helsebus, capacity 150,000 per annum. ■ • -OO- -* ■ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. MARTIN ALBERT. Martin Albert, a view of whose farm in Illini township appears on another page, was born near Springfield, Clark county, Ohio, March 28th, 1839. His father, Henry Albert, was born at Hagerstown, Maryland, and his mother, Louisa Lehman, at Read- ing, Pa. He was the oldest of nine children, and when he was fifteen the family moved to Hardin county, Ohio. June 3d, 1861, Mr. Albert enlisted in Co. “G ” of the 4th Ohio regiment. He first served in West Virginia, under McClellan, and was in the battles of Rich Mountain, Philippi, and Romney. The 4th Ohio belonged to the 2d army corps, and was with the army of the Potomac till the close of the war. Mr. Albert took part in the various movements of the army, and was engaged in all the principal battles in Northern Virginia. May 3d, 1863, at the battle of Chancellorsville, he was shot through the hip and lower part of the body. He was in the hospital at Pt. Lookout for six months, and was then transferred to Camp Den- nison, Ohio, where he was mustered out at the expiration of his three years term of service, June 8th, 1864, with his wound not yet healed. In 1866 he came to Macon county and engaged in farming. In 1880 he moved on his present farm in section twelve, Illini town- ship. He has a fine farm of two hundred and forty acres, with an abundance of running water and excellent natural advantages. The buildings have an admirable location. July 7th, 1864, he married Ella Norman, who was born near Wheeling, A^a. He has had nine children, of whom eight are living. He occupies an independent position in politics, but gene- rally votes the democratic ticket. He served one term as justice of the peace in Illini township, was re-elected, and was serving a second term, when he removed to Maroa township, where he resided four years, and then returned to Illini. J. T. CLOUGH AVas born in Merrimac county, New Hampshire, February third, 1814. His father was a farmer in good circumstances. He obtained a good education, and in 1843 took charge of a school at Pembrook, and subsequently taught elsewhere in New Hampshire. In 1855, President Pierce, who was a native of the same county, appointed him to a position in the postal service. He had charge of the mails between Boston and New York. On the accession of a republican administration he resigned. In November, 1859, he married Abbie J. Batchelder, daughter of Col. Nathaniel Batchelder, of Pittsfield, New Hampshire. In August, 1861, he came west and settled in Illini township, where he has since been engaged in farming. Of the four children of Mr. and Mrs. Clough, three are deceased. Charles Henry died in 1865, at the age of sixteen months ; and Frank Pierce at the age of six ; and Isabella, at the age of fou^ died of diphtheria, in 1872, within a period of ten days. Ella R. is the oldest child. He has taken an active part in politics, has held several offices in the township, and his friends have prominently mentioned his name as a candidate for the legislature. He is a member of Illini Congregational Church. He has carried on farming, and has paid special attention to the breeding of fine horses. Blue Mound Elevator . Blue Mound, NaconCo. III. Residence of J. BARRICK FLOUR , FEED Sc MEAL, COAL CO NSTA NTLY O N HA N 0 . SACHS FURNISHED F R E E . J . B A R R! C K / Pro PR. . BLUE MOUND, MACON CO-ILL. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 217 Who is now engaged in the practice of his profession at Warrens- burg, was born at Portsmouth, Scioto county, Ohio, on the 13th of April, 1839. The family from which he is descended was of Irish origin. It is said that his great-great-grandfather lived in Ireland and was educated for the Catholic priesthood. Renouncing the Romish faith he left Ireland and came to Jamestown, Virginia. The family name had been “ McDempsey,” which he changed to the present form of Demsey. Dr. Demsey’s grandfather, whose name was Samson Demsey, moved to Ohio shortly after the open- ing of the present century. He was then young and unmarried. He taught school for several years. He married Sarah Nevin, who was also of Irish descent. She was born in Virginia, but when six or eight years old had come to Ohio with her father, who was one of the early settlers of the state. Samson Demsey was a man who stood well in the community in which he lived. He was a democrat, and took an active part in politics. He was chosen to several positions of trust and honor. He served as circuit clerk, and for a number of terms was a member of the Ohio legislature. He had five sons. The oldest, C. P. Demsey, practiced law at Cincinnati for a long number of years. The youngest, Adam Demsey, was a soldier in the Mexican war and settled in Indiana, where he died. The second w r as John N. Demsey, father of the subject of this biography. John N. Demsey was born in Fayette county, Ohio, in the year 1813. About the year 1832, he was married at Chillicothe, Ohio, to Tabitha Duncan, a native of Jackson county, Ohio, and a daughter of General John Duncan. General Duncan was born in Tennessee, and was connected with the family of that name who settled in Middle Tennessee, where a considerable number of the descendants still reside. During the Indian troubles, connected with the war of 1812, he raised a regiment in Tennessee, with 28 which to fight the Indians, and after having served in Ohio settled at the Salt Springs, in Jackson county, of that state, where he lived for many years. John N. and Tabitha Demsey, were the parents of eight children, of whom Dr. Cyrus F. Demsey was the second. In the year 1853, the family moved from Ohio to Illinois. After spending the winter of 1853-4 at Woodburn in Macoupin county, the following spring they came to Decatur. In January, 1855, they went to Clinton, De Witt county, and in the spring of 1856 moved on a tract of five hundred acres of land, in Austin township, of this county. Dr. Demsey’s father improved all of this land and began the business of raising wheat. Wheat growing in Macon county with the farmers was at that time an experiment. Several crops were raised with considerable profit, but the business in the end proved unremunerative, and many farmers lost large sums by successive bad yields. This was the case with Dr. Dem- sey’s father. The enterprise proved disastrous, and swept away almost his entire means. While living in Ohio he had studied medicine, and he began again the practice of his profession ; moving to Hickory Point township, seven miles north-west of Decatur. In those days when the settlements away from the timber, were few and far between, the physician practicing in the country, led by no means an easy life. He was obliged to undergo hard travel, much discomfort, and had little opportunity for leisui’e. He was a suc- cessful physician, and remained in active practice till his death, which occurred in March, 1874. Dr. C. F. Demsey was about fourteen years old, when he came to this state. He had laid the foundation of a good English edu- cation in the schools of Portsmouth, Ohio, previous to his removal from that place. After coming to Illinois he attended school at Woodburn, Decatur, and Clinton. At the last place he went to a high-school, kept by a Dr. Haskell. He left home in the year 218 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 1858 and began life on his own account. In the spring of 1859 he went to California, sailing from New York, and reaching Sau Francisco by way of the Isthmus of Panama. He was in the navy on the Pacific Coast. He was in California at the commencement of the war of the Rebellion, and in the fall of 1862 enlisted in a private company raised in California, consisting of a hundred men, and known as the “ California Hundred.” This was an indepen- dent cavalry company ; the men furnished their own horses and equipments ; and it was their intention to take part in the war without regularly entering the United States service. On reaching the East they found the government unwilling to receive them as an independent organization, and accordingly, the company (which was said to be one of the finest that at any period of the war en- tered the service) was consolidated with the second Massachusetts cavalry. In the spring of 1863 the regiment was sent to the Peninsula, and placed under General Stoneman’s command. It formed part of the force which made the celebrated raid around Richmond. The regiment was called to Washington at the time Lee made his movement through Maryland and Pennsylvania, and reached Gettysburg iu time to take jiart under General Custer’s command in that decisive battle. The regiment followed the Confederate forces into Virginia, and at Fairfax Court-House Dr. Demsey was made a prisoner by the rebel General Mosby. He had a long experience of confinement in Southern prisons. He was captured August the 23d, 1863. He was taken to Richmond and confined in Libby prison till October, and then at Belle Island till February, 1864, when he was moved to Andersonville ; the following September he was sent to Savannah, and from there to Milan, Georgia. In December, 1864, he was exchanged and sent from Savannah to Annapolis, Maryland. He was subsequently on detached service at Washington, Harper’s Ferry, Port Tobacco and Baltimore, till the close of the war. He returned to Macon county in 1865, and began the study of medicine at Decatur, with Drs. W. J. Chenoweth and S. T. Trow- bridge. In the fall of 1866 he entered Rush Medical College, at Chicago, at which he subsequently attended a second course of lec- tures,. and from which he graduated. He began practice with his father in 1867. In January, 1868, he went to Cass county, Mis- souri, where he practiced his professsion till 1875, when he came back to Macon county, located at Warrensburg, and has since been engaged in active practice as a physician. He has also carried on the drug business, since 1876. His first marriage was in January, 1868, to Eliza A. Gouge, a native of Macon county. She died on the 31st of May, 1872. His second marriage took place in March, 1873, to Clarinda Gates, who was born in Monroe county, Ohio. She was then a resident of Cass county, Missouri, to which place her father had moved from Ohio. He has three children, one by his first and two by his second marriage. He is a republican in politics. MOSES EMORY BATCHELDER Was born at Hampton Falls, Rockingham county, New Hamp- shire, July 12th, 1823. His ancestor, the Rev. Stephen Batchelder, or “Bachiler” as the name was then spelled, came over from Lon- don, and became pastor of the church at Hampton before 1638, having previously preached at Lynn ; he returned to England in 1656 ; he had a son, a minister, in London, who never came to this country ; but his grandson, Nathaniel Batchelder, settled at Hamp- ton, whose son, Nathaniel, born 1659, was the first settler of Hampton Falls. The farm at Hampton Falls on which he settled has been in the possession of the family since for five successive generations, and on it the subject of this biography was born. His great-great- grandfather was Nathaniel Batchelder, first settler of Hampton Falls, who married Elizabeth Foss; his great-grandfather was Jo- siah Batchelder, who married Sarah Page ; his grandfather was David Batchelder, whose second wife was Mary Emory ; his parents were Moses Batchelder and Abigail Drake. His grandmother> Mary Emory, had three brothers in the Revolutionary war. Moses Emory was the sixth of eight children ; he was raised at Hampton Falls. Jan. 22, 1852, he married Sarah A. L. Batchelder, of Pitts- field, New Hampshire. In 1864 he came to Macon county, and the next spring settled in lllini township. He owns 305 acres of land. He is a republican. His children are Fred. J., Natt. C , Frank, Edward and Clarence. Since 1843 he has been a member of the Congregational church. The Batchelders have been noted for their long lives, Mr. Batchelder’s ancestors having died, some of them, at an extreme old age. D. N. DUNLAP. This gentleman, who has been in the grain business at Warrens- burg since 1873, is a native of this state, and was born in Sangamon county, eight miles north of Springfield, on November 17th, 1839. The Dunlap family is of Scotch origin. His father, Tennessee Dunlap, was born in Tennessee, and came with his father to Illinois, some years previous to 1 830. The family settled in Sangamon county, on Fancy creek. His mother, Elizabeth Cartright, was born in Bourbon county, Ky., and belonged to a family of English descent. D. N. Dunlap was the oldest of a family of three children, and was raised in Sangamon county, obtained his education in the common schools, and on grow- ing up engaged in farming. On the breaking out of the rebellion he volunteered, enlisting in August, 1862, in Co. B of the 130th Illinois regiment. From Camp Butler, Springfield, the regiment proceeded to Memphis, Tenu., where it passed the winter, and then went to Milliken’s Bend, and afterward took part in the battles of Grand Gulf, Port Gibson, Champion Hill, and Black River. It also participated in the siege of Vicksburg. Mr. Dunlap had been placed on the roll of honor at Memphis. After Vicksburg was captured, he took part in the siege of Jack- son, Miss., and was then detailed in recruiting service. He went to New Orleans, and assisted in recruiting the First New Orleans regiment, in which he was mustered in as 2d lieut. of Co. B, and in which he served till June, 1866. This regiment was composed of white Union soldiers principally from Louisiana. He served in the commands of Gens. Banks, Sherman, Canby, and Sheridan, and most of the time under Canby. He was sta- tioned at New Orleans, and various points along the Mississippi, and was engaged several times on detached duty, and sent to Havana, Dry Tortugas, and other points; was promoted to be 1st lieut., and was afterward commissioned as captain. His regiment was the last white volunteer regiment mustered out of the service. He returned to Sangamon county, and engaged iu farming. Iu 1867 he married Mary A. Shannon, a native of New York. He came to Macon county in the fall of 1867, and began farming in Niantic township, and afterward iu lllini township. Since 1873 he has been engaged in the grain business at Warrens- burg. He lias been a democrat in politics, though he has never been a strict party man, and on local issues has voted for the man whom he considered best fitted for the office. He has three children — Gertie, Flora B-, and Daniel Lee Dunlap. He is a member of the masonic order, and belongs to Beaumauoii Commandery, knights templar, of Decatur. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 219 A. W. LEAVITT. A. W. Leavitt, post-master and merchant at Warrensburg, is a native of Rew Hampshire, and was born at Wenham, in that state, on the sixteenth of August, 1842. His ancestors were early resi- dents of New Hampshire. His father, Joseph Leavitt, was born at Meredith, New Hampshire, and his mother, Elizabeth Fogg, at Pittsfield, in the same state. A. W. Leavitt was the second of five children. When he was six or eight years old his father moved to Salem, New Hampshire, and afterward to Manchester. When he was about fifteen the family moved to Newburyport, Massachusetts. In the common schools of New Hampshire and Massachusetts Mr. Leavitt laid the foundation of a substantial education. At the age of eighteen he left school and became a clerk in a dry goods store at Newburyport. Two years afterward he became book-keeper in a hat manufacturing establishment in the same place. When about twenty-three or twenty-four he formed a partnership with his brother Charles Leavitt, and went into the grocery business at Newbury- port which was carried on till 1867, when the family came to Illinois and settled on a farm in Illini township, where one hundred and sixty acres of land were purchased. Mr. Leavitt was engaged in farming till 1876, when, in connection with his brother, he engaged in the general mercantile business at Warrensburg. Since 1877 he has acted as post-master. He has carried on a prosperous business and has built up an excellent trade. He is a member of the Illini Congregational Church. He was married on the third of March, 1869, to Harriet P. Questrom, of Newburyport, Massachusetts. He is known as an excellent business man, and a gentleman of high personal character. OAKLEY TOWNSHIP. OUNDED on the north by Whitmore, east by Piatt county, south by Long Creek, west by Decatur and Whitmore townships. It is composed of fractional por- tions of the Congressional township of 16, Range 3-4 and Tp. 17, Range 3-4 East. The township is well drained by the Sangamon river, and its tributaries, Badger branch Morris branch and Jeff branch. The Sangamon enters the township on the north- east corner, and traverses the northern and western borders, leav- ing it on the corner of section 9, Tp. 16-3. There is considerable timber skirting the banks of the stream. The lands are very fertile- and produce large quantities of corn, wheat, oats, rye, flax, barley hay, fruit and vegetables. EARLY SETTLEMENTS. The first settler, as a land-owner, was James Howell, who was a native of Galiia county, Ohio, he located with his family on section 30, Tp. 17, Range 4, in the spring of 1825. Soon after his son Wil- liam Howell and family settled on the same section. John Rea, a Virginian by birth, came to Macon county with his family in 1830, and settled on section 35, Tp. 17-3. Guy Helm and family located in the same township on section 26, in 1830. He is a native of the “Old Dominion,” and when quite young moved with his parents to Gallia county, Ohio, where his youth and early manhood were passed. Mr. Helm is an old style Virginia gentleman, hospitable and generous. In 1835 came three brothers with their families from Virginia, viz., William, David and Achilles Morris ; each improved a farm. Other early settlers were Garland Wheeler and Arch. Walton, who came in 1836. Another old settler is W. T. Howell, a grand son of James Howell, the pioneer of Oakley. The first marriage was that of Caleb Warfield and Nancy Rea, in 1835. Elizabeth Helm, the daughter of Guy and Anna Helm, was the first child born in the present limits of Oakley. First death was that of Mrs. Morris, mother of William, David, and Achilles Morris. A log school-house, 16 x 18 feet, was erected in the fall of 1830, on section 26, Tp. 17, R. 3 E. It was built of rough unhewen logs, with puncheon floor, benches, and mud chimney. The house was lighted by means of oiled paper windows. Alexander Patton taught the first school in this building in the winter of 1830-31. The first sermon was preached at the house of one of the old settlers in 1835, by Mr. Lapham, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Other early preachers were Rev. Bird, of the M. E. Church, Rev. James Wilson. Cumberland Presbyterian Church, Rev. Carpenter, Baptist^ and Rev. David Bunn, Universalist. The first blacksmith shop was established by John Hawkins. The first saw-mill was built by Rhodes and Wheeler in 1840. Guy Helm erected the first grist- mill in 1844. Early justices of the peace were William Howell, and Andrew Froman. First physicians who practiced here were G. H. Young, and Dr. J. G. H. Smith. The first post-office was at the house of John Rickett, on section 35, Tp. 17-3, with Mr. R. as post-master. The first thorough-bred Durham bull was brought into the town- ship, by Joseph Howell. And the first blooded horse was introduced by Guy Helm. It was the celebrated race horse, Black John. SANGAMON STATION Is located on section 3, Tp. 16 R 3, on the line of the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific railway. In 1857, a general store was opened here by William Harmon, and Benjamin Wheeler. Silas Chappel was the first ]Dost-master. He also established and carried on a cooper shop here in 1857. A blacksmith shop was erected in 1867 by J. B. Spangler. At the present, J. B. Lichtenberger is post- master, and also engaged in general merchandizing and grain buy- ing. He has also a grain warehouse with a capacity of 5,000 bushels. VILLAG E OF OAKLEY is pleasantly situated and is the principal shipping and trading point in the township, situated on section 1, Tp. 16-3, on the line of the Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific railway. It is surrounded by a rich agricultural district and bids fair to become a prosperous 220 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. village ; it was laid out by William Rea, in 1856. The same year Mr. R. erected the first house. A post-office was established here iu 1856, and D. B. Landis was the first post-master. He was also the first justice of the peace. G. M. Everline opened and carried on a general store here the same year. The first hotel was kept by John Nickey, and E. Rhodes was the first blacksmith. The first physician was Dr. Samuel Cooper. In 1S60 a substan- tial school edifice was erected. PRESENT BUSINESS. Holcomb & Turner, general merchants and stock dealers. There are also two grain warehouses, with storing capacity of 45,000 bushels, the business interests of the village are growing, and it is quite a shipping and trading point for the inhabitants of the town- ship, and is the most important station in Macon county, on the line of the Wabash R. R., east of Decatur. Topography, Timber, etc . — The land surface of this township is mostly an undulating prairie. Originally about one fourth of the area was covered with a thrifty growth of timber, comprising hard and soft maple, walnut, hickory, ash, white, red, and black elm > and the several sj>ecies of oak. As the early settlements were prin- pally made along the water courses, the timber afforded the set- tler the means to build his cabin, and to manufacture the rude im- plements of agriculture used during that period ; also for fuel, fencing, and other purposes. Game of various kinds, such as deer, w’olves, wild turkeys, and prairie-chickens were plentiful, at the first settlement of this part of the county, and wild-honey and the skins of wild animals were used by the early settlers, for purpose of trade and barter. Railroads . — The Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific railroad enters this township on section nine, Tp. 16-3, and the line of the road is on a north-easterly direction. It leaves .the boundaries of Oakley on section 33, Tp. 17-4. This road furnishes excellent transporta- tion and shipping facilities for the residents of the township. FIRST LAND ENTRIES. I he following are the first land entries from the general govern- ment. William Howell entered March 19th, 1830, 80 acres, in section 25, Ip. 17 N., R. 3 East. G. Helm, entered November 14th, 1832, 80 acres in section 30, Tp. 17 N. R. 4 east. James Howell, entered November 13, 1832, north A of lot 2, of the south- west 1 of section 30, Tp. 17 N., R. 4 East, containing 46.68 acres. On the adoption of township organization, by the legal voters of Macon county, the territory now comprised within the boundaries of Oakley, was erected into a voting precinct, and the following are a list of supervisors. SUPERVISORS. G. W. Forest, elected in 1860. G. W. Forest, re-elected in 1861. L. Chambers, elected in 1862. H. McCoy, elected in 1863. H. McCoy, re-elected in 1864. O. J. Doyle, elected in 1865. .0. J. Doyle, re-elected in 1866. E. Rhodes, elected iu 1867. E. Rhodes, re-elected in 1868. R. Spencer, elected in 1869. R. Spencer, re- elected in 1870. E. Rhodes, re-elected in 1871. R. Spencer, re-elected in 1872. Dr. S. Cooper, elected in 1873. Dr. S. Cooper, re-elected in 1874. Wm. Grason, elected in 1875. Wm. Grason, re-elected in 1876. Wm. Grason, re-elected in 1877. H. J. Manecke, elected in 1878. H. J. Manecke, re-elected in 1879. H. J. Manecke, re-elected in 1880. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JOHN HISER. The subject of the following sketch is a native of Cumberland county, Pennsylvania. He was born near Carlisle on the 3d of May, 1822. George Hiser, his father, was also a native of the same county and state. John Hiser, the paternal grandfather, was a native of Germany. He came to America and settled in the county and state above named, and married there, and remained in the county until his death. George Hiser, the father, came west to Illinois in 1850, and stopped with his son John until his death in 1858. He married Mary Wolfe. She is still living with her son John, in Oakley township. There were born to George and Mary Hiser ten children, eight of whom are still living — six boys and two girls; John is the second in the family. His advantages for an education in his youth were exceedingly meagre ; his father was poor and had a large family to support, so that John was at an early age forced to become a help and support of the family. He remained at home until his twenty -fourth year, when he hired out and commenced doing for himself. In the fall of 1849 he concluded to come west. Being possessed of little means and unable to pay his passage, he started out on foot and walked the entire distance from Pennsylvania to Macon, Illinois. When he got here he found that there were better chances for a poor man than in Pennsylvania, and here he determined to stay. He first stopped in Decatur and worked at making rails during the winter. The next spring he hired to work on a farm, and soon after went into Spangler’s flouring and grist mill, and six months later leased the mill and operated for one year and a half. He then went back to farming and making rails until 1858, when he ^mrchased one hundred acres of raw land in Sec. 27, T. 17, R. 3 E., and com- menced its improvement. There he has lived up to the present time, and now has a fine farm, well-improved and stocked. A view of his farm and residence can be seen on another page of this work. On the 17th of September, 1853, he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Hess. She was also born and raised in Cumberland county, Pa. Her parents, Caleb and Barbara Hess, came to Illinois in 1850, and settled in Oakley township. Eleven children have been born to John and Sarah Hiser, nine of whom are living. Their names are: Elizabeth, wife of Daniel Seitz, a farmer living in Oakley township; Jane, wife of Levi Kniseley, a resident of Summer county, Kansas ; Mary Jane, died at the age of twenty-one Farm Residence ofJ0HN.HISER,Sec.34. T. 17. R. 3. E.( Oakley Tp.) Macon Co . I ll. HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 221 years ; George, farmer, now farming the home place ; William ; John F., who died in infancy; Lida, Albert, Jacob, Henry and Sylvester Hiser. Both he and his estimable wife are members of the United Brethren church. Politically he is a democrat, and cast his first vote for James Iv. Polk in 1844, and from that time to the present has given his adhesion to the party of his early and first choice. In the business of life Mr. Hiser has been reasonably successful. He started poor and unaided. What he has has been accumulated by hard toil and the practice of rigid economy. Every cent of it has also been gotten in an honest and honorable way. Among his neighbors he is regarded as a man of strict propriety of character, a kind friend and good neighbor. SIMON P. NICKEY. The Nickey family are of German ancestry. The paternal grandfather was a native of Germany. He came to America and settled in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. He afterward removed to Cumberland county, in the same state, where he remained until his death. David Nickey, his son, was born in Cumberland coun- ty ; he was a shoemaker by trade, but subsequently engaged in farming. He married Mary Ann Max. She was born in Perry county, Pa She died in 1830. By this marriage there were four- teen children — eight boys and six girls — eight of whom are still living. The subject of this sketch is the youngest in the family. He was born in Cumberland county, Pa., November 16th, 1832. He received the rudiments of a common-school education in the private schools of his native county. Feeling the necessity and importance' of a more thorough education than the common schools afforded, he went to work at four dollars per month, and earned money ; and with money thus earned he paid his tuition and sup- ported himself for three years in the Plainfield Academy in Cum- berland county. A portion of the time he taught school in the win- ter season and attended the academy during the summer months. In this way he prepared himself to enter Dickinson College, at Carlisle, Pa. He entered that institution in 1853, with the inten- tion of taking a full course and graduating and preparing himself for the ministry ; but he remained there but two years, when he came west on a visit, and has remained here to the present. He taught school in the winter of 1855 in Sangamon, and in Newburg in 1857 and 1858. In the spring of 1858 he embarked in mercantile business in the village of Oakley, and at about the same time was appointed station agent for the Great Western Rail- road Company of 1859. He continued in their employ until 1864. He was also appointed post-master in 1859, and held the office until 1862. In the fall of 1864 he rented land in sec. 5, T. 16, R. 4 E, and in 1870 purchased the farm upon which he at present resides. Mr. Nickey taught school eleven winters altogether in Macon county. On the 9th of October, 1860, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary K. McCoy. She was born in Greenbrier county, Virginia, March 31st, 1825. Her parents, John and Sarah McCoy, moved to Urbana, Ohio, in 1832. Mrs. McCoy was a resident of that state at the time of her marriage. By this union there has been one son, named John McCoy Nickey. Mr. Nickey’s occupation, since his residence in Illinois, has been for the greater part of the time that of a farmer and school-teacher. In 1873 his interest and zeal in educational matters received suitable recognition. He was elected county superintendent of schools ; he occupied the office from 1873 to 1877. His term was characterized throughout by efficiency and zeal that aided very much in bringing up the com- mon schools of Macon county to their present high standard of ex- cellence. Politically, he is a member of the democratic party. He cast his first presidential vote in 1856 for James Buchanan, and from that time to the present, in all national and state elections, has uniformly voted the ticket of his first choice. He has held various offices in his township, such as assessor, collector and school director, and in all has discharged the duties imposed upon him in a faithful and conscientious manner. In the summer of 1880 he received the nomination from the democratic party in convention assembled for the office of circuit clerk, and if elected will make an efficient and competent officer. He is a respected member of the ancient and honorable Order of Freemasonry, and is a member of Cerro-Gordo Lodge No. 600, Piatt county, Illinois. This, in short, is a brief biographical sketch of one of Macon county’s most worthy citizens. In his home he is a kind, hospita- ble gentleman, and, among his neighbors and friends who know him best, is regarded as an upright, honorable and honest man. CAPTAIN WILLIAM GRASON. The subject of the following biographical sketch is a native of Ireland, and was born December 27th, 1832. His father, Robert Grason, emigrated to America in 1835. He settled in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he remained a few years, then removed to St. Louis, from there to Peoria, Illinois, and then back to St. Louis. He afterward went to New Orleans, when all trace of him was lost. He was in Ireland a shop-keeper. After he came to America he worked at the carpenter trade. He married Jane Glenn. She was of Scotch parentage. Her parents removed to the north part of Ireland to escape religious persecution. They were Episcopalians in faith. By this marriage there were ten children. William left home at the age of twelve years, and went to work on a farm. When at the age of sixteen years he saw the necessity of getting an education. He therefore went to a school and learned rapidly, and soon mastered the rudimentary principles and advanced to and became proficient in the higher grades, particularly in language and mathematics. He afterwards went on the river and learned ship and house carpentering. He worked at the trade until he was in his twenty-second year, when he came to Macon county, Illinois, and stopped in Oakley township and worked at his trade, and in the spring of 1855 he purchased land in section 9, T. 16, R. 4 E., and improved it, and here he remained until the sixth of September, 1862, when he enlisted as a private in Co. “A,” 116th Regiment Illinois Volunteers. On the formation of the company he was elected firstsergeant. The regiment was organized in Decatur, and was ordered to Cairo and from there to Memphis, where it was bri- gaded with the 1st Battalion, 8th Regulars, 6th and 8th Missouri regiments, Morgan L. Smith Brigade commander. It formed a part of the 2d Division, 15th Army Corps, under command of Gen. AV. T. Sherman. The first service in which the regiment and bri- gade participated was the Tallehatchie march, after which they returned to Memphis, took boats and went down the river and made the first attack on Vicksburg, then fell back to Helena, Ar- kansas, and went up the AVhite river, cut oft’ and attacked and captured Arkansas Post, then returned to the Mississippi again, where they were joined by Gen. McClernand, and participated in the siege and capture of Vicksburg. On the 22d of May, 1863, in the charge of Fort Hill Capt. Grason was shot through the lungs. He was sent home, where he remained until he recovered his health, after which he rejoined his command at Jacksonville, Alabama, and there on the 15th of February, 1864, had the ball extracted. He 222 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. was also in the disastrous charge upon the works at Vicksburg on the 19th of May, 1863, when Co. A of the 116th regiment entered with thirty-one men, and after the charge stacked arms with but thirteen left. He after joining his regiment participated with it in the siege and capture of Atlanta, and went with Sherman on his famous march to the sea, then to Savannah, where the 116th regiment took part in the assault upon Fort McAllister, and were the first inside of the works, closely followed by the 6th Missouri, then, on to Washington, where they participated in the Grand Review. Capt. Grason was promoted 1st Lieutenant, April 28th, 1863, and then to the cap- taincy of the company, and was mustered out as captain, June 7th, ’65. He returned home, went to Scott co., Illinois, where his family was, and remained there two years', working at his trade ; then returned to Oakley township and re-engaged in cultivating his farm, at which he has continued to the present. On the 22d of April, 1855, he was united in marriage to Miss Helen E. Burrows, a native of Morgan county, Illinois, but a resident of Scott county at the time of her marriage. This marriage has been hallowed and blessed by eight children, six of whom are still liviug, five sons and one daughter. Their names are Charles Fremont, William Carlton, Robert Emmett, Franklin Glenn, Thomas Addis and Ida Belle. Charles F. is now in Oregon ; the rest are residents of Macon county. Politically Capt. Grason was one of the original republicans. He was among the few who gave their support to John C. Fremont, in 1856. He remained an active member of the party until 1876, when he espoused the independent or greenback movement, and supported Peter 'Cooper for the presidency. He has now returned to his first love, and is, as of old, an ardent and active supporter of republican principles. He takes great interest in all public affairs connected with his township or county, and has served upon the board of supervisors for four terms. While a member of that body he exercised great influence, and bore the reputation of being a careful and prudent officer, looking carefully after the interests of his constituents not only in his township, but in the entire county. During the year 1880 he was appointed census enumerator for his township. Capt. Grason is universally respected by his neighbors. He is a man of large heart and most generous impulses, genial and sociable, hospitable at his home, and possessed of much general and varied information ; we found him a man whose acquaintance it was a genuine pleasure to make. W. F. COULTER. The subject of this sketch is a native of Illinois. He was born in St. Clair county, June fifteenth, 1848. Archibald Coulter, his father was a native of South Carolina. He removed to Tennessee, then to Kentucky, and came to Illinois between the years 1825 and 1830. He remained in St. Clair county until 1866, when he removed to De Witt county, in this state, and was a resident of that county at the time of his death. His death occurred in the winter of 1875, and in the following manner : He had been to New York on a visit, and on his return home, while the train was stop- ping at Danville junction, he stepped off the cars and walked out upon the track. His absence from the cars was not noticed until after the train started, when his body was found on the track, the cars having passed over him, killing him instantly. During his life he was engaged in farming, milling and general merchandiz- ing. He was twice married, and was the father of eight children. The subject of this sketch is the youngest of the family. He re- mained at home, and in his youthful days attended the public schools of his native county. He received a fair education therein, which has been in later years improved by extensive reading and close observation of men and things. When in his twenty-second year he went to De Witt county with his father, and worked two years in his mill on Salt Creek, and then got married and went on a farm, and remained so engaged for four years. In the winter of 1874 he came to Oakley township and bought his present mill property, and here he has remained actively engaged up to the present. On the 8th of September, 1868, he was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Stone. She is a native of Tennessee, but was a resident of De Witt county, Illinois, at the time of her marriage. This union has been blessed with three children living ; their names are — Lillie, Minnie, and Della Coulter. Politically, Mr. Coulter is a member of the republican party. He cast his first presidential vote for U. S. Grant in 1872, and since that time has seen no reason to change his political principles. He is not a politician, nor does he take any more interest than to cast his vote as becomes the right and duty of every American citizen. Mr. Coulter is yet a young man just entering upon the threshold of business life as it were; but from the progress made thus far, and from the industry and activity displayed, it requires no pro- phetic mind to cast with unerring certainty and predict the future success of him who is the possessor of these traits of character. In the neighborhood and among those with whom he has done business, he is regarded as a correct business man, honorable in all his dealings, a good neighbor and a kind friend. JACOB SEITZ, ESQ. The ancestors of the Seitz family came to America from Germany before the Revolutionary war. They afterward removed to Canada, but before the war of 1812 returned to Pennsylvania. John Seitz, the father of Jacob, was born in Manheim, Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. He removed to Cumberland county, in the same state, where he remained until his death in 1856. He was a tailor by trade, and worked at the business the greater part of his life. He was three times married. The last wife was named Elizabeth Kline. She w T as born in Cum- berland county, Pennsylvania. She came west and died in this county, in 1873. There were twelve children, seven by the last wife, five sons and two daughters. Jacob is the oldest of the latter family. He was born in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, Octo- ber 15th, 1814. He worked on the farm and attended the subscrip- tion school in the winter season. When he was nineteen years of age he learned the tailor trade in Dover, York county, Pennsylva- nia. He worked at the business sixteen years, then quit it and engaged in farming, and still continues in that occupation. Mr. Seitz remained in the land of his birth until May, 1857, when he came west and settled in Oakley township, Macon county, Illinois. Here he purchased eighty acres of land in section 26, T. 17, R. 3, of the Illinois Ceutral Railroad company. It was new land, and all the improvements have been made by him. A .fine view of his farm and residence can be seen on another page of this work. On the 21st of June, 1836, he was united in marriage to Miss Barbara Nickey. She was born in Cumberland county, Pennsyl- vania, in 1815. She died September 4th, 1874. By this union there were ten children, seven sons and three daughters. Two of the daughters died. Their names are Mary Ann, wife of William Hiser; Elizabeth Jane, the wife of Conrad Enterline; David Wes- ley, farmer in Piatt county, Illinois; Jeremiah L., now a resident Stock and Grain Farm of M.L.O ECK, Sec. 33.(0akley Tp.) 17. R.4. E. Macon Co. III. 200 Acres - HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS. 223 of McPherson county, Kansas ; Daniel Alexander, a farmer and resident of this county ; James Thompson, also of Macon county ; William Wilson, living at Lightner Station ; and Jacob Anderson, a resident of McPherson county, Kansas. On the 15th of August, 1878, Mr. Seitz married Mrs. Mary Ann Baker, nee Kiser. She had by her first husband seven children, five boys and two girls. Mrs. Seitz was born in Clark county, Ohio. In politics Mr. Seitz was originally a democrat. He cast his first presidential vote for Martin Van Buren in 183(3. In 1852 hejoined the whig party and voted for Winfield Scott. In 1860 hevotedfor Lincoln, and since that time has been a member of the republican party. In 1878 he was elected justice of the peace for his township, an office he still holds and fills to the satisfaction of those who placed the scales of justice in his hands. In the neighborhood where Mr. Seitz has long lived, he is regarded as the best of neigh- bors and an honest man. This is the verdict of those who have known him the longest and best; socially he is of pleasant and agreeable manners, kind and considerate for the wants of others, and always trying to do unto others as he would have others do unto him. THOMAS CHAMBERS Was born in Bourbon county, Kentucky, May 15th, 1827. James Chambers, his father, was also a native of the same state. He was a soldier in the war under the command of General Wil- liam H. Harrison. In 1835 he moved to Indiana, where he lived eighteen months; then came to Illinois and settled in Vermilion county, and remained there six years, then came to Macon county, and settled permanently in Oakley township. He here entered for- ty acres of land, and purchased forty acres of school land in section 26, T. 17, R. 4 E. He remained in Oakley township until his death, which took place, August 25th, 1877, in the seventy-fifth year of his age. He married Nancy Buoy. She was also a native of Kentucky. She died about the year 1855. By this marriage there were five children, three sons and two daughters ; all living except Mary, who was married to Daniel Dickey. Laban is the eldest son. He was a soldier in the war with Mexico, and was wounded at the battle of Cerro Gordo, and suffered the ampu- tation of his right arm. Thomas is the youngest son and fourth in the family. He received but an indifferent education in his youth. Confinement in school-houses was irksome to his naturally bouyant disposition. He never could bear confinement. (He wanted to roam around and enjoy the fine free air. This is his disposition yet. After the family removed to Macon county, Thomas purchased land in section 21, Town 17, Range 4. It was unimproved. Here he has resided up to the present time, and now has one of the best farms in the township. He married Miss Mary, daughter of Robert and Jennie Gates. Mr. Gates was a native of Kentucky, and his wife of Tennessee. He died while on a trip to California in 1849, and Mrs. Gates died in Missouri. There have been born to Thomas and Mary Chambers six chil- dren, five of whom are living. Their names are Margaret Ellen, wife of James Iv. Peck, Effie, Jane, Elizabeth Emma, and William R. Chambers. Politically Mr. Chambers is a republican. Before the formation of the Republican party he was an old-line whig, and cast his first presidential vote for General Taylor in 1848. Mr. Chambers has always followed the occupation of farming and stock raising and stock trading, in all of which he has been very successful. He started in life poor ; and what he has, has been the accumulation of patient toil, the practice of economical habits. In his manners he is pleasant and agreeable, and iu his home a hos- pitable gentleman. T. O. HOLCOMB. The subject of the following biographical sketch is a native of Illinois. He was born in St. Clair county. May 19th, 1842. 1 1 is grandfather, William Holcomb, was a native of North Carolina. He emigrated at an early age and settled in Tennessee, and from there came to St. Clair county, Illinois, in the year 181 1. He was one of the rangers in the Indian wars and drew a pension from the government for services rendered as a soldier. He died at the advanced age of ninety-three years. He married Polly Ruther- ford ; John T. his son, and father of the subject of this sketch, was born in St. Clair county. He remained there until his death, the date of which was August 25th, 1855. He married Livina Potter, Sbe was also born in St. Clair county, Illinois, where she still re- sides. By this marriage there were six children, three of whom are living. T. O. is eldest of the family. He remained at home i until the breaking out of the late war. On the 8th of August, 1862, he enlisted for three years as a private in Company “ H,” 117th regiment, Illinois volunteers. The regiment was organized at camp Butler, Illinois. On the organization of the company Mr. Holcomb was elected sergeant. The regiment was brigaded at Memphis, Tennessee, and was attached, and known as the 2d brigade, 2d division, 16th army corps. Sergeant Holcomb par- ticipated with his regiment iu all the battles in which it was engaged, and was mustered out and honorably discharged August 5th, 1865, at the close of the war. He returned home, worked on a farm in the summer months, and taught school in the winter. He engaged in general merchandizing in Freeburg, Illinois, and on the 1st of June, 1879, came to Oakley, Macon county, where he engaged in general merchandizing and grain business, in which he still continues. On the 14th of September, 1869, he was married to Miss Clarinda J. Smith, of St. Clair county. By this union there have been five children ; three living, two boys and one girl. Their names are, Cassius, Bessie and T. O. Holcomb. His wife is a member of the Baptist Church. He is a member of the A. F. and A. M. Lodge, and also a member of Belleville Chapter R. A. M. No. 106. Politically he is a republican. JAMES BURLEY. The Burley family is an old one in the history of Pennsylvania. They came over with William Penn, and like him were Quakers. They settled in Bucks county, Pa., where John Burley, the father of James, was born. David Burley, the grandfather, was also a native of the same county. He was a soldier of the Revolutionary War, and was connected during that memorable struggle with the quartermaster’s department. His brother was also a captain in that war. David Burley married Sarah Shoemaker, a native of Pennsylvania, and removed with his family to Ohio in 1800, set- ling in what is now known as Adams county, near Marysville; he died in 1834. John Burley, his son, was born in 1788, and married Nancy Anderson, who was born in 1791. Her father was a native of Ireland. He indentured himself on board a vessel to pay pas- sage to America; settled and married in New Jersey, where Mrs. Burley was born. John Burley remained in Ohio until 1834, when he came to Illinois and settled in Greene county, and remained where he first settled until his death, which occurred in 1846. His wife and mother of James died in the same place March 31st 1875. James Burley, the subject of this sketch, was born iu Adams ' county, Ohio, October 17th, 1812, and remained in his native state 224 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS, until 1830, when he came west with a family that were moving to Illinois. He stopped first in Marshall county, where he lived one year, and then went to the lead mines at Galena, 111. The same year he enlisted as a soldier for service in the Black Hawk war under Captain De Long, in Colonel Dodge’s regiment, and remained in the service until the war closed, when he went back to the mines and stayed there five years, when he returned to Greene county and engaged in farming. He farmed in Greene county until 1852, when he moved to Madison, and remained there until 1865, when he came to Macon county. In 1871 he purchased land in section 31, T. 17, R. 4 E., and there he has remained and continued culti- vating the soil to the present. On the 22d of October, 1843, he married Miss Mary Crull, who was born in Scioto county, Ohio. Her parents, Charles and Eliza- beth Crull, emigrated to Illinois in 1840, and settled in Jersey county. By this marriage there have been six children, three of whom are living. The names of the children living and dead, are : Elizabeth, who died in her thirtieth year ; Geo. N., photographic artist, now a resident of Taylorville ; William C., a farmer and resident of Oakley township ; Sarah died in infancy ; James died in his sixteenth year ; and D. J. Burley is still beneath the parental roof. Politically, Mr. Burley was originally an old-line whig, and cast his first vote for Hugh L. White. In 1852 he voted for John P. Hale, abolition candidate. He was one of the original free soilers, and was opposed to the extension of slavery in the territories. In 1856 he voted for John C. Fremont. He continued to vote for republican candidates for national and state offices until 1876, when he voted for the prohibition candidate for presi- dent. He has been an advocate of temperance for over forty years. Farming has been Mr. Burley’s occupation through life. It is not necessary to say that in this industry, he has been very successful. He started in life poor, and under adverse circum- stances, but he is a man of firm will-power, and great industry. Being possessed of these necessary requisites, success was assured at the very outset of life. He is now the proud possessor of a good farm, finely improved, and under the best cultivation. He is one of the pioneers of the state. Fifty years have fled by since he be- came a citizen of Illinois, and during that time he has lived to see and help make the state the foremost in the great valley of the Mississippi. AUSTIN TOWNSHIP. IES in the extreme north-west corner of the county, and is bounded on the north by De Witt county, on the east by Maroa township, on the south by Illini township, on the west by Logan county. It is drained by the lake fork of Salt creek and Jones’ fork and their tributaries. The surface is level prairie, and the soil is rich and productive ; it comprises an area of 36 square miles, or 23,040 acres. This township is one of the youngest in the county — notwithstand- ing this fact, it is as flourishing and almost as far advanced in im- provement as many of those older settled. The first settlement began in the year 1845, and Amos Wright, who came from Pennsylvania and located on what is now section one, in that year, was the first settler. Here Mr. Wright built the first house in the township, immediately on his arrival. John Story was another early settler, locating on the same section in 1850. Samuel Lowe, who came from Ross county, Ohio, settled on sec- tion 14 in the year 1854. James S. Parker came from Butler county, Ohio, in 1855, and settled where his son, Wm. H. Parker, now resides. The first school was taught by a Mr. Burns, at the residence of Samuel Brayden, in section one in the year 1856 The following year the first school-house was built on section eleven. It was a frame building. The first sermon preached in the township was by the Rev. John Moore, in 1857. C. R. Robinson began preaching in 1857, and con- tinued regular preaching for several years. In 1877*a school-house, which was built in 1868, was converted into a church, which was the first one in the township. Richard Ross was the first justice of the peace. The first resident physician was Dr. John Demsey. Mr. Maguire erected a blacksmith shop in section fourteen in 18 57, and did the first blacksmithing. The introduction of improved stock was first made by Edward and James Jones in 1859, by the purchasing of thoroughbred short horns. The first blooded hogs were Poland Magee stock, and were brought from Butler county, Ohio, in 1856. The first land entries are as follows : — Charles G. Draper entered March 4th, 1850, 40 acres in section No. 1, 40 acres in section No. 5, and 80 acres in section No. 6. On the same day Jacob Miller entered 155.43 acres in section No. 1 — all in township No. 18, north of range 1, east of the third P. M. The following is a list of the supervisors since township organiza- tion. SUPERVISORS. James Parker, elected in 1860; re-elected in 1861. A. Emery, elected in 1862; J. S. Parkei, elected in 1863; re-elected in 1864 and 1865. C. F. Emery, elected in 1866, and re-elected in 1867. T. B. Campbell, elected in 1868. Robert T. Morris, elected in 1869. Peter Bennett, elected in 1870. C- F. Emery, elected in 1871- D. Patterson, elected in 1872, and re-elected in 1873. Robert Morris, elected in 1874, and re-elected in 1875. Andrew Hawk- yard, elected in 1876, re-elected each succeeding year, and is the present incumbent. Austin township has no railroads, but there are railroads on three sides of it, which make the shipping facilities excellent. In 1855 there was not more than three hundred acres of soil in HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY, ILLINOIS. 225 cultivation in the township, while at present almost every foot is cultivated or used for pasturage. The school system is in a most prosperous condition. This is one of the few counties in the state that still holds its “school section,” and from which it derives a revenue of thirteen or fourteen hundred dollars annually, making the school-tax less than any other town- ship in the county. There are at present seven first-class schools, all well attended, and each district free from debt. The township was named in honor of Benj. R. Austin, who was a prominent man in the early history of the county. Among the well-improved farms may be mentioned those of Win. II. Parker and Mrs. L. A. Toland. BIO GRAPHICS Among the early settlers of Austin township was the Parker family, who came here in the fall of the year 1855. According to family tradition the Parkers came from Ireland, and settled in Monmouth county, New Jersey, at a period early in the history of that state. The great-great-grandfather of W. H. Parker, was the first to emigrate to America. The lady whom he married was stolen from her home when a girl, and nothing was known of her origin, though she is supposed to have been of Scotch descent. She was of large frame and light complexion, and for several generations afterward the family partook of those characteristics. William Parker, grandfather of W. H. Parker, married a woman of English descent, named Shepherd, of low stature and heavy build, and the Parkers have since mostly been of smaller size. Intermarriages with other families of low-statured and dark-complexioned people have contributed to vary the original type. The great-grandfather of W. H. Parker lived and died in New Jersey. From his first mar- riage this branch of the family is descended, and by his second 29 wife came the Parker family, of which Joel Parker, ex-governor of New Jersey, is a member. William Parker, grandfather of W. H. Parker, was born in Monmouth county, New Jersey, in 1769, and died of paralysis in the year 1820. Sarah Shepherd, his wife, was born in 1780, and died in 1859. James Shepherd Parker, father of W. H. Parker, was born near Freehold, in Monmouth county, New Jersey, on the 12th of May, 1815. He was the eighth of a family of ten children. The school which he attended was a subscription school, two or three miles distant from his home. He was naturally quick at figures, and ob- tained a good business education. In the year 1835, when he was twenty years old, the family moved to Ohio, settling in Butler county. For four years he worked by the month in Butler and Warren counties, most of the time on a farm, though he was also employed on the Big Miami Canal. On the 11th of March, 1840, he was married near Franklin, in Warren county, to Rachel Han- kinson, who was born in Warren county, Ohio, on the 24th of 226 HISTORY OF MACON COUNTY , ILLINOIS September, 1820. The Hankinson family came from Monmouth county, New Jersey, to Franklin township, in Warren county, Ohio, in the year 1818, when the Indians were yet plentiful in that part of the state. They traveled through Pennsylvania over the moun- tains to Pittsburg, and thence came on a raft down the Ohio to Cincinnati, and from there to Butler county. James Hankinson, father of Rachel Hankinson, was born in New Jersey, in 1787, and died in Ohio, at the age of ninety-one. His wife, Sarah Cheeseman, was born in 1796, and died at the age of seventy-one; she was the daughter of William and Lydia Cheeseman. Rachel Hankinson Parker was the fourth of seven children. When James Hankinson came to Ohio he worked for a bushel of corn a day, worth twenty- five cents, and for the same wages cut wood by the cord or split rails by the hundred. He accumulated considerable monev, and died well-off. A few days after his marriage, James S. Parker moved on a farm in Preble county, Ohio. His capital at that time consisted of about nine hundred dollars. After living on a rented farm two years he purchased land, and became the owner of a farm of three hundred and twenty acres. In February, 1853, having sold his farm in Preble county for twelve thousand dollars, he moved to Franklin, Warren county, Ohio. In the fall of 1854, he emigrated to Illinois. He first settled in De Witt county, near the present town of Ivenuey, where he resided till September, 1855, when he moved to Macon county, settling on section 1, of Austin township. Here he pur- chased two hundred and forty acres of land, of which eighty were improved. Seven or eight years afterward he built a new house on the same section, in which he resided as long as he lived in Austin township. He increased the amount of his land, and owned, bought, and paid for altogether nearly two thousand acres, eight hundred in Austin township and the balance in Maroa township. Part of this land he set apart in his lifetime to his children. He was a man of great industry and energy, worked hard, possessed good business capacity, prompt habits, and each year increased his wealth. He finally concluded to quit farming and retire from active business life, and in February, 1877, he moved to Maroa, where he lived till his death on the 8th of May, 1880. He had five children, all of whom are living. Their names are as follows : William H. Parker, born May the 1st, 1841 ; Sarah Jane, now Mrs. Anthony Sloutenborough, born November 10th, 1843; James Hankinson Parker, born November 12th, 1846, farming on the old homestead in Austin township; John P. Parker, born March 14th, 1853, farming in Maroa township ; Lydia Eleanor, born May 25th, 1858, now the wife of Abraham H. Bates, of Maroa. The portrait of James S. Parker appears at the head of this sketch. He was about five feet five andj a half inches in height, dark complexion, black hair and light blue eyes. His weight was about one hundred and sixty pounds. He was a man well thought of in Macon county. He filled several public positions in Austin township ; from 1860 to 1872 he was treasurer of the township, and for eight successive years represented it on the board of supervisors, being the first to fill that office after the adoption of township organization, as he was also the first treasurer. He was also assessor. He was, however, a man who paid close attention to his own business affairs, and cared little about holding public posi- tion. He was honest and honorable in all his transactions, and though he was ambitious to acquire wealth, it never came to his hands by any other means than that which was strictly honest and creditable. He possessed a high moral character. About twelve years before his death he joined the Methodist Protestant Church. He was charitable to any one whom he thought deserving, and con- tributed frequently to the necessities of the unfortunate. He had been blessed with a strong constitution, which during his life with- stood an immense amount of hard labor. His energy, perseverance and careful attention to business, were the secrets of his success. His disposition was cheerful and lively. His first vote for president was cast for Van Buren, the democratic candidate in 1836, but in 1840, he supported Gen. Harrison, the whig candidate, and was afterward connected with the whig party till its dissolution. He then became a republican, voted for Abraham Lincoln in 1860, and during the rebellion was an earnest republican and a strong Union man. His death was lamented by a large circle of friends, and his remains now repose in the grave-yard belonging to Wright’s Grove church, adjoining the farm on which he spent so many years of his busy life. WILLIAM H. PARKER, the oldest son, was born in Preble county, Ohio, on the 1st of May, 1841. He was thirteen years old when he came to Illinois. The most of his education he received before leaving Ohio. He only went to school sixty days after coming to Macon county, on account of the inconvenience of attending school. No schools had been es- tablished when the family first came to Austin township. He lived at home till his marriage, which occurred on the 28th of December, 1864, to Eliza C. Shaw, daughter of William G. Shaw, who resided near Clinton, De Witt county. She was born near Loveland, Claremont county, Ohio, on the 8th of April, 1844. Her father emigrated to Illinois in 1853. In March, 1865, Mr. Parker moved on his present farm, in section 11 of Austin township. His first wife died on the 12th of August, 1869. On the 28th of June, 1871, he was married to Frances M. Cornwell, who was born near Darby- ville, Pickaway county, Ohio, on the 27th of January, 1847, and came to this state in 1855. He owns a fine farm of four hundred and eighty acres of land, a double page illustration of which appears elsewhere. He has four children living, one by his first, and three by his second marriage : Florence, born October 25th, 1865 ; James Elliott, born October 4th, 1872 ; Rachel Eleanor, born April 30th, 1875 ; Thomas William, born March 1st, 1878. One child, Lawrence, by his first marriage, died at the age of twenty-four days, sixteen days after its mother’s death. In his politics, Mr. Parker was formerly a republican, casting his first vote for President for Lincoln in 1864. He was one of the first to take an interest in the Farmers’ movement, and assisted in organiz- ing the first Farmers’ Club in Austin township, and the first county Farmers’ Club in Macon county. On the formation of the National party he was among the foremost in giving his adhesion to the principles of the Greenback organization, believing that both the old parties were wrong in their theories about the currency, and that the finances of the country were managed in the interest of a class rather than the mass of the people. He is a man of liberal and en- terprising disposition, and stands well among the representative farmers of Macon county. ANDREW HAWKYARD, Wiio has been supervisor of Austin township since 1876, was born at Saddleworth, Yorkshire, England, February 28th, 1833. His grandfather, Robert Hawkyard, was a woolen manufacturer. His father, William B. Hawkyard, followed several occupations, among which were those of a gardener and stone-mason. His mother’s maiden name was Maria Broadbent. The subject of this sketch was the fifth of eight children. He was raised in Yorkshire. He had but little chance to go to school, and the most of his education was obtained by his own efforts after he was grown and had come to America. When eight years old he went into the cotton mills, ■ . ' Q The Stock a/vd Ska /a/ Farm f <48 O A cr es J or tVT H. PA t b / r os- £YE IS/SW OF / : o •2 w. Eldorado st physician. Surgeon, Ocu- 12 E. Main Phila. Pa. Decatur Physician and Surgeon Canada 35 Eldor’do Manufac. Ag. “ Impls.” 13 E. Wood Attorney 13 Water Edward & North ) Jasper St. 35 Eldorado Manufacturers [ & 'Wabash N. Main St J R r 29 W. William Oculist, Aurist & J. P.|14N.Water Ohio W; Main PJiysician and Surgeon 7 VV. Main Kv. Ivy. 71 69 54 77 72 79 71 56 65 63 76 58 61. 61 I 77 58 Ohio N. Y. Penna. Penna. 21 W. Main 53 N. Edward Painter 75 Eldor’do Cotton Bagging M’ft. West Main Prop. Eclipse Stables Cor. 'William aud x 1 1 Eldorado Jeweler Cerro Gordo Saloon Cor. Water Tobacconist & Proprietor Billiard E. North Parlor 20 S. Macon 42 S. Water Sec. 8 Sec. 8 West Main Cor. N. Main aud Cerro Gordo 16 S. Main Sec. 13 Sec. 13 24 Merchant Broadway 27 W.Wood 57 Decatur 12 Jackson Dentist Tobacconist Proprietor of Saloon Farmer & Stock Raiser Wife of John Carder Insur. & Real Est. Agt Deal, in Farm Imp. & Dentist [Seeds Farmer & Stock Raiser Wife of Jno. II. Daniel Proprietor of Saloon Grocer & Co. Coroner Butcher, Whole. & Retail Contractor and Builder Blacksmith S. Franklin Hardware Merchant 78 E. Eldor’do B . M u. D . f orpast 23 yrs 9 Decatur Attorney 18 W.N’rth Clothing & Dry Goods Edw.ird&prairie Clothing Manufacturer I orest Ave Jeweler Farm., Gr. Grow, .t W. Man Sec. 9 Wife of Mathis Eckart Fruit & Vegetable Grower Sec. 10 Wife of E. B. Eicholtz 75 N.Fr’nklin Collector College St Boot & Shoe Merchant wood and Watvr Sheriff of Macon Co. Farmer & Stock Raiser Wife of James Geddes 45 W ater St R e t. Wid. Judge Gallagher Dec’d June 23d, 1879 Cor. N. & College Teach., Supt. City Schools 7 W. Prairie County Judge N. Edward Insurance & Loan A"t 73 62.1 76 57 40 54 54 64 61 73 55 55 58 64 73 1 56 | 63 22 E. Main Water St Merchant Broadway 14 Park St Ky. Cerro G’rdo Indiana West Main Ohio 17 E. Main Christ’n Co. II Ft.& Cerro Gordo Ohio 28 E. Main Penna. E. Main Penna. S. E.Old Sq Marion Co. Ill 14 Mercha’t N Y. Frank. Co. O Morgan “ 111- 67 Court Ho’se Michigan 57 Michigan 57 Ky. 65 Belmont Co. O 64 Green Co. 111. 64 Ind. 61 Ireland 56 W.s.Old Sq Baden, Ger. 71 W. Main Ind. 58 15 Jackson Ohio 55 Ohio 59 Dep. Union England 52 | 11 Water Indiana 70 17 N. Water N. Y. 57 22 E. Main Germany 53 17 E. Main McLean Co.Il 66 Sec. 9 Baden, Ger. 54 1 Sec. 9 “ “ 54 ! Sec. 10 York Co. Pa. ,64 , Sec. 10 “ “ 64 City Buildi'g Ohio 66 8 Merchant Mass. -78 Court House Bavaria, Ger. 54 Sec. 12 Leban. Co. Pa 35 Sec. 12 Ky. 133 Gallagher Macon Co. Ill 43 Ireland 54 High School N. Y. 60 Court House Ohio 54 14 Park St Piatt Co. 111. 79 Grindol, W. II. Goodman, Chas. Gehrmann, Theod. A Gring, 1. B. f Ilamsher, B. K. ( .J . R. Mosser Haworth, L. L. I laynes, N. S. Hammer, Wm. L. Hardy, A. W. Hardy, George P. Hewes J. S. J Harpstrite, E. [ Henry Slaudemann Harwood, Kilburn Hand, J. T. Heilman, D. II. Hays, F. L. Houston, Edward Hamsher, John Harris, Henry Haws, J. II. Haworth, George D. f Hatfield, John J B. Z. Taylor ( James Hatfield f Haworth, Malilon \ James W. Haworth Irwin, S. M. J Imboden, C. M. [ J. G. Imboden Jones, E. A. Johns, W. C. Jack, S. S. Jones, Daniel W. Johnson, Frank S. Willis Johnson I lemaras St. Clair Kepler, Jr., E. Ivuny, Fred. Kramer, Abram King, J. Stebbins Lytle, R. P. Laux, Charles Laux, N. j Leforgee, Jesse \ Leforgee, F. A. ( Lyon, George S. J Wm. H. Gipson ( John Armstrong Lunn, Henry Lower, George Litterer, Frank Lintner, H. C. f Linn, Wm. H. [ Scruggs, Wm. R. Luttrell, Edward Leisle, David H. McClellan, Edmiston McDonald, E. S. Moore, E. W. Milikin, J. Montgomery, Robert R Michl, Joseph McEvov, John Mver, M. A. Maffit, D. A. Martin, David Mueller, Hieronymus Mincklev, Charles A. Milam, Buford B. Moritz, Solomon McGintv, Michael S. Mills, H. IL Moore, E. f Meisenhelder, Angeli’e \ Aaron Meisenhelder Mills, Joseph J Moser, Frank [ Julia Dunner McDaniel, E. McNabb, E. iiesidn’ce. OCCUPATION. PLACE OF i UfSlNESS. NATIVITY. 4 fr* a 11 W. Main Marble Dealer In. N ew P’k Ohio 64 25 Eldor’do Builder Cerro Gordo Macon Co. 11 47 27 William Dealer in Dry Goods 10 Mercba’i Prussia 68 Sec. 17 Farmer & Stock Raiser Sec. 17 Penna. 50 56 W. William Ed. cNt Pub. Republican Office Repub. Penna. 56 3G S. Broad wy Penna. 56 26 W William Check Rower Manufac Cor. Cerro Gordo and Morgan hu Christ. Ch’h Ohio 57 G8 N. Edward Disciple Preacher Kv. 73 31 W. North Retired Kv. 54 S. Water Liverv & Feed Stable Ls.E. Cor. Park Penna. 50 Prairie St City Register [Depart C. Buildings Penna. 52 Morgan and El- dorado St Dep. Mar. 4 Chief Eng. F. |C. Buildings Ohio 64 Webster St Steam Brewery Broadway Germany 55 Cantrell << a Germany 56 Eldorado & Mor- Agt.W.St.L.&P.R.R Wab. Depot Mass. 65 47 N. Main Deal, in Books & Music P. O. Clerk N. Y. 79 11 S. Macon Whole. & Ret’il Groeei 6 Merchant Penna. 64 E ldora do and Broadway Dry Goods Merchant 25 Water Ohio 55 24 Franklin Furniture Dealer 24 Fr’nklin Ireland 70 Durfee St Ham. & Saddle Maker 22 Park Penna. 53 St. Nicholas Hot, Shirt Manufacturerer 8 E. Main N. Y. 79 15 E. Main Protograph 25 Water Kv. 70 49 N, Franklin Man. of Check Rower Cerro Gordo Ohio 57 Prairie 4 Church Proprietor Oil Mills E. Main St Ohio 60 St. Nicholas «< Macon Co. Ill 48 Prairie & Church a Ohio 60 ! S. Macon Man. of Check Rower Cerro Gordo and Morgan Ohio 58 Jackson and El- << (i Ohio 58 40 N. Main Druggist [Retail p. Office Bl’k Mont. Co. 111. 77 Cor. Jefferson & Main Butcher, Wholesale & Main & Wood Penna. 55 << <( U Macon Co. Ill 56 Sec- 3 Farm. & Real Est. Dealer Ohio 54 E Eldorado Attorney 24 E. Main Ohio 54 13 MaconSt Editor Review Penna. 69 Merchant “ Proprietor of Dari's Bank E.Main«St'te W. V. 70 Sec. 16 Farmer & Stock Raiser Sec. 16 Macon Co. Ill 5G Sec. 16 Sec. 16 U Wife of Willis Johnson (< Madison “Ky Boteto’rt “ Ya 37 84 E. Wood Man. Cigars & Tobacco s.E.Cor.O.Sq. Wirtemb’gG. 54 Cor. East Main & Bottling Works TQcl/emi aa Jackson 28 N. Main Jackson Germany Carriage Manufacturer) C.Fra'kiM’in Ohio 33 Morgan Physician and Surgeon 33 Morgan Ind, 25 w. Cerro Gord Post Master Post Office Penna. St.Nicholas Prop. ofSt. Nicholas Hotel St. Nicholas Gr ? nd . . . 1 eninnlirtr 66 54 74 66 1 • * embourg, Ger. Hiv. Prop. Livery & Undertaker St. Nich. Bl'k Luxembourg 54 s.MaconACuion Real Est & Insurance N. Church “ G3 W. Eldora. Plaining Mill 87 E. “ Plaining Mill lot N. Church Plaining Mill W. Eldorado Brick Mason & Builder W. Main Real Estate Agent 31 Mason Grocer 64 S. Main Farmer & Stock Raiser W. Main Dry Goods Merchant W. Prairie ‘‘ “ 42 Decatur Grocer and Painter St. Nich. Hot Tile Draining Sec. 16 Circuit Clerk Attorney Physician and Surgeon President Bank 49 W. Main Cr.MaintPin. 66 N. Main W. Main National Hot Cor. Jacksou and Prairie 12 Merchant Kv. 56 Ky. 58 Cerio Gordo and v - * x Broadway . J . DO “ Indiana 65 “ Ohio 67 W. Eldorado Nottinghamshire, E 72 1 1 WaterSt Ohio 76 Broadway Baden, Ger. 59 64 S. Main Macon Co. Ill 59 69 69 67 78 35 54 S. E. Cor. Main \ t *j and Water St Tr “ V a 42 Decatur Ireland Decatur |Ohio Court House Penna. Va. 10 N. Water Monroe Co. II 56 HE. Main Penna. 52 Real Estate & Insurance 8 Powers B'k Macon Co. Ill 44 Man. Cigars & Tobacco 12 Water Bavaria, Ger. 58 Prop. Hotel & Farmer National Hot Ireland 56 Sign & Fresco Painter n. s. N. Park Munich, Bav. 57 Ice Deal. & Com. Highways C’y Buildi’gs Macon Co. Ill 48 Morg.iMas’n Lime & Cement DeaIer l *, I °[| an & Ccrro Ky. Wood St Mach., Plumb., St. 4 Gas Fit, East Main Baden, Ger. 1G Merchant Auction & Com. House S.E.Cor.O.Sq Baker & Confectioner 22 Prairie Fancy Goods S. Franklin Proprietor of Saloon Morgan St Book-Keeper 67 A\ .Main Fish Deal. & Vegetable St. W. Prairie Fayette Co. 11 64 Cor. Green & F.id Ret. Wid. A. Meisenhelder York Co. Pa. 54 October 1st, 1876 Lumber Dealer Dairyman Wife of Frank Moser Blacksmith 1 16 Merchant N. Y. S.E.Cor.O.Sq: Macon Co. 18 Merchant Germany Park St Ireland Morgan N. Y. 58 58 74 53 79 75 73 Died N. Main Decatur Broadway Wood St Cor. win. & rine Architect and Builder cr.wii’m 4 Pine Penna. 54 N. J. 53 Baden, Ger. 68 Prussia, Ger. 68 Macon Co. Ill 50 54 237 CITY AIM'D TOWNSIIID OF DECATUR. — [Continued] MAROA TOWNSHIP. j May, H. F. and Bro. \ May, S. D. Neidermeyer, William Nichols, A. C. Nebinger, A. Newell, R. A. Niedermeyer, T. W. Ogelesby, R. J. Outteu, W. C. J Overmire, S. \ J. S- Kaufman O’Neill, James H. Oakes, Wm. L. Priest, Franklin Peddeford, Jasper J. Peake, James L. Perry, R. L. Priest, George R. Pahmeyer, Fred. Post, H. Post, J. S. Phillips, J. W. Penniwell, Wm- B. Powers, Samuel Rowell, II. W. Robv, K. H. Race, J. W. Rislev, A. F. Race, J. R. J Roach, J. T. \ B. 0. McReynolds Ragan, W. A. f Rue, Henry \ Mary Ann Thompson Stoner, A. J. Smick. Aaron Shellabarger, D. S. Sibley, B. F. Smith, Fred. J. J Stephens, E. A. [ C. H. Stephens j Steinbach, W. \ C. D. Dieckhoff Skelley, Francis Stine, B. Steward, Dalton Swearingen, J. A. Sterrett, B. I. f Starr, J. G. 1 W. II. Starr Shlandeman, Henry f Seitz, Simon \ Eliza J. Kozer Strausbaugh, E. Smith, G. A. Trainer, John Thornton, Anthony Turner, F. B. Tucker, Howard Towling, William Tuttle, B. B. Ullrich, John Usrey, W. J. Vennigerholz, J. H. Waggoner, H. W. Wood, G. M. Warren, John K. Wayne Brothers Weems, E. W. Whitmer, H. M. Walston, R. L. Wingate. Thomas II. Williams, P. E. Wood, E. W. Wilhelmy, Jacob White, Charles f Widick, Ephraim \ I'hcebe Troutman r Wallace, John M. J George Daily ( Jane Hardy Wilson, John M. Wells, T. M. J Wilkinson, Mrs. L. \ Chancy Wilkinson Young, William Young, Sr., J. J. II. Zeller, John Zimmerman, W. N. RESID NCE. OCCUPATION. PLACE OF BUSINESS. Grocers Firm, May Bro 9 S. Main 47 W. Main Macon a N’th Grocer 22 A .Mait 37 W. Wood Blacksmith [Findings Prairie St 40 S. Main Dealer in Leather & Shoe 55 Water 28 North St Ret. Wh. Grocer, Twp. Sup 11 Water Monroe* F.dws. i Grocer 'Monroe* Ed Wd W. William Retired 68 VV. Main Attorney S. s. New Sq Macon St Insurance & Real Est. Agt Water St 9 Durfee “ “ “ Jefferson Plumb. Steam k Gas Fitter •)() Park St Priest House crop. Hotel & St. Railway Priest House Franklin Banker* Manufactures s. s. New Sq. Cor.Mat.sPeake Watchmaker and J. P. C’y Buildi’gs E. Eldorado Road Master Wabash R. R Wab. Depot N. Church Manager St. Car Line Priest House 3 A . A ood Tobacconist S s. Old Sq 46 S. Main Jeweler W.Main a Col Attorney-at-Law 22 A’ater 80 N- Main | G.T. Agt. Haworth Ch. Row Cerro Gordo Cr. Frank. *Maiu 28 E. William Prop. Marble Works Farmer & Stock Raiser Wood St. Office Herald North St Editor & Prop. Herahi 49 N.A ater j Attorney-at-Law ^io “ {Nothing & Job Dry Good: 77 E. William (Surveyor Abater St 14 Park St A’ater St 12 Park St Whole. & Retail Clothier 5 A’. A’ood , Dry Goods Merchant 46 N. Main! “ “ <* Prairie LT. S. & Pac. Exp. Agt Prairie Sec. 4 Farm. & Brick Maker Sec. 4 Wife of Henry Rue N’th k Frank Druggist & Physician 14 p ar k 25 W.Eldorad Insurance Agency 53N. Jackson! Merchant Miller 22 Water S. Main St [irocer [Grain Dealer g. Main 74 Church Grocer, Wood, Coal & Broadway Jefferson Proprietor of Saloon s s 0 |d Sq NATIVITY. H ] NAME. P. OFFICE. RESID. Macon Co. Ill 55 f Bennett, Peter Maroa Maroa a 55 1| j Frances Williams il Mo. 5s j Susan Gongwer Deceased 1868 Ind. 50 [ Elizabeth Gongwer “ 1872 Penna. 00^ j Braden, D. F. Maroa Sec. 19 Ohio 50 \ Annie Myers Germany 58 f Billings. M. ll Sec. 16 Ky. 36 X Asthalinda Callen U ‘‘ Cass Co. 111. 53 ( Beach, H. P. A’arrensb’g Sec 31 Ohio 75 f Elizabeth A. Ilarpole « 1 a Macon Co. Ill 44 ( Martha Slaughter Dee d Dec. 20, ’59 N. Y. 75 f Bishop, M. W. Forsythe Sec. 35 Ind. 05 \ Ann M. Race “ ‘ £ N. Y. 54 f Bower, G. M. Emery Sta. Emerv Maryland 58 \ Minerva J. Thrift it ll I). C. 53 f Burrows, Benjamin Maroa Sec. 12 N. Y. 08 } Sarah Covey Deceased 1869 SangamonCo.il 52 ( Eliza Jaynes Maroa Sec. 12 Prussia 70 J Barger, Henry “ Sec. 6 Wisconsin 72 [ Martha J. Pierce ll h N. Y. 39 j Bennett, Joseph a Sec. 6 Ohio 05 [ Iva Cross li “ Warren Co. Ind 05 Bates, A. H. Maroa N. Y. 37 f Camp, Samuel Sec. 6 Vt. 80 \ Emma J. Long 1 1 ll N. H. 60 J Compton, A’. J. a Maroa Va. 57 \ Mary Conover il N. Y. 56 f Cline, Daniel u Sec. 16 Va. 53 \ Amanda Barger “ 16 Kv. 64 f Crawford, Wm. F. ll Sec. 22 Kv. 05 \ Sarah McCann u U N. Y. 70 j Cooper, Elizabeth it Sec. 8 Mercer Co. N. I. 67 \ Alex. Cooper Dec’d Jan 27, ’73 Burlington *■ 67 ( Davis, John T. Maroa Sec. 20 < *hio 67 \ Sarah Malony It Macon Co. Ill 40 Emery, C. F. It Maroa Tenn. 50 ( Funk, M. P. ll Sec. 5 Conn. 56 \ Melissa Smith ll It N. Y. 60 f Fawkes, J. A’. ll Sec. 12 Va. \7 n 07 \ A. E. Baughman ll ll ll occupation. NATIVITY. W.Eldorad St. Nlch. Hm S. Broadway Austria 70 “ Hanover, Ger 65 Grocer & Queensware 24 Park St j Vt. 61 Clothier Cent. Block Baden, Ger. 66 Tonsorial Artist 20 N. Church | Druggist 127 N. Main Attorney-at-Law 29 A’. Main Sajdlery, Harn. & Leather Cantrell | Prop. Decatur St. Brewery Sec. 7 F ariner & Stock Raiser Sec. 7 j Wife of Simon Seitz Church St I Man. Niagara Force Pu’ps Santa Fee, n. m IJ. S Internal Rev. Col 48 W. Green County Supt. Schools Attorney A ood St 1 Farmer and Stock Dealer Durfee St Tinsmith ns N. Church Book Binder 33 Eldor’do Proprietor Saw Mill union* Decatur Aholesale Grocer N. Church Journalist Eldorado Coal Dealer N. Water Co. Cl k& Mayor of Decatur 17 W. Prairie County Treasurer C jr.Ch.* Win m Insurance & Real Est. Agt Cor. Cerro Gordo and Franklin Carriage Manufacturers Cr.wm.&Monroej Physician & Surgeon Webster Brick & Tile Manufact’rer 58 X. Main Physician & Surgeon 32 N. Water Dealer in Lamps 60 N.Edw rds Mill-Wright [Parlor 47 N. Church Confee.. Rest, & lee Cream 47 S. Main Tonsorial Artist Mining Engineer Sec. 18 Farmer & Stock Raiser Sec. 18 Wife of Ephr. Widick Sec. 7 Farmer & Stock Raiser Dec’d January 7th, 1841 Sec. 7 A’idow of Geo. Daily Morgan St Manufact’rer of Boilers 87 N. Water Photographer [kinson Decatur Ret, Wid. of Chancy Wil- Dec’d January 15th, 1844 Sec. (16-2) I Farmer 32 E. Wash’n Attorney K ingtL'nion Butcher and Packer A ater St Prop. Zimmerman House Main * W’tei 8 E. Main SAV.C. Old Sc Court House 11 A’ater St A’ood St 19 S. Main E. s. Old Sq Sec. 24 State & Main N. Church William St Court House N. C. Ohio Pa. Pa. Germany C’mberl’d Co.Pa Pa. Phila. Pa. Ohio Ky. St.ClairCo.il. Md. N. Y. Conn. Bavaria Miss. Miss. Penna. Ky- Penna. Cor. Water and p pnn „ Cerro Gordo J enna. E. s. Old Sq Iowa Webster Pa. Prairie Vermil. Co-Ill Cent. Block N. H. 09 N.Edw’rds Christ. Co. Ill 22 Merchant Sangamon “ §■ O' 1 } Germany Coal Shaft near f J Wabash Depot (jreorgia Sec. 18 Macon Co. Ill Liberty “ Ind Indep. “Ark Ireland Juniata “ Pa. E. William N. Y. Cor. Park* Water AdaillS Co. Ill A’ilkinson N. Y. N. Y. Sec. 4 Pa. 1 1 A’ater St Va. 73 A’ater StlN. Y. Opera Block Penna. 53 66 67 73 58 ' 54 54 56 37 69 79 65 65 59 56 56 42 74 55 54 55 72 79 60 73 50 79 55 78 80 44 58 70 40 40 66 79 44 i-56 56 62 56 { Mattie II. Gardner j Foulke, Edward \ Adelaide Colladay r Farren, Geo. T. [ Triphena Grady j Farren, William \ Eliza Jane Dunn 1 Gepford, Jacob \ Anna McCurdy j Grady, Thomas D. \ Maria S. Milburn I Hill, Jas. D. ( Sarah L. Adams 1 Holt, J. T. \ Mary J. Tozer f Jameson, B. T. \ Amanda A. Oglesby f Jones, Sylvester \ Snsan B. Jones j Keister, John | Nancy A’eaver ( Leavitt, Thomas N. \ Catharine A. Crowell j Longstreet, John ] Vashti Wycoff j Lazell, E. S. \ Eva Hoffman f Lehn, Samuel ) Sarah J. A’etzell ( Miller, F. W. J Sally Mothby ( Lydia M. Stewart 1 McGuire, Wm. \ Nancy Caroline Carr Madden, Edward Margaret Welch Annie Hickey Ogelvie, David P. Annie Smith Mary Letta Baber f Parker, John S. \ Mary A. Pape I Pettyjohn, James [ Angeline Cross / Schenck, Garret J. \ Alice Sill j Schenck, John \ Eva Ilerrstine Ret. Farmer & Capitalist Pres. A’ife of Pet. Bennett First wife of “ “ Second “ “ ‘‘ Farmer & Twp. Assessor A’ife of D. F. Braden Farmer & Stock Raiser A’ife of M. Billings Farmer & Stock Dealer Wife of H. P. Beach A’ife of M. W. Bishop P. M.,Sta. Agt. & Grain De; A’ife of G. M. Bower Farmer & Stock Raise! 1st wife of Benj. Burrows | Pres, wife of Benj. Burrows Farm. & Breed. Poland China Hogs I Wife of Henry Barger Farm. & Breed. Poland China Hogs 1 Wife of Joseph Bennett Minister Farmer & Stock Raiser j A’ife of Samuel Camp Grain Dealer Wife of W. J. Compton Farmer and Gardner Wife of Daniel Camp Farm. & Breed, of fine Cattle & Hogs Wife of Wm. F. Crawford Farmer & Stock Raiser Late hus. of Mrs. Eliz. Cooper | Farm. & Breed. Poland China Hogs Wife of John T. Davis Farm. & Breed. Poland China Hogs Wife of M. P. Funk Emery it Maroa Maroa Dec’d Dec. Maroa 7 FRIEND’S CREEK TOWNSHIP.— [( JONTINUED ] ( Jones, Kezia 4 John Lee ( Rosa Jones ( .1 imison, John G. 4 Drucilla Beebe Maroa ui 'j times x. oiuiiL xuiiv i a. u/ ) ''^meranJBreederorPoldniiChiDa 01 a j r 0 O . ]]] gg ( Nancy JimisOH Dec’dM’ch22, ’52 ipirst wife of Geo. B. Short “ “ J Jones, Alrnon If. 30, 77 iy e cond wife of “ 1 “ “ 63 l Emily J. Piper Maroa I vjanufac. Drainage Tile Warren Co. O. 66 f Keller Harriet \ | wife of william h. stoutenborough Butler Co. Ohio 53 4 I-aac \ antries Sec. 36 Farmer and Breeder of Poland Chi | Hogs Wife of Andrew .J. Tin P. OFFICE. RESII). |Sec. 16 .Farmer & Stock Raiser L „ Wife of Jos. Warburton oGC. 1 i Farmer and Minister Episcopal Ch. hi'ia Christian Co. Ky; 61 [Nelson Keller r jf t Carlisle, Pa. 64 f Kile, Joseph G. , r Lancashire, Eng 70 I Elizabeth Carve 1 n ' III 1 n. T ui vi aiiu .(lima it; i j. 1 11 1 1 .i I v/ii. ■ i iiioim v> jji Dec’d Aug. 26, 71 [First wife of Fran. Wicks Westmorel’dCo, Maroa Sec. 17 Wife of Francis Wicks iMacon Co. Ill “ Teacher [Edgar Co. 111. 70 DONG CREEK TOWNSHIP. f Baker, N. M. \ Sarah E. Price f Casner, L. B. \ Marv 15. Flanigan f Da /is, H. W. t Martha A. Stickel J Davis, Samuel C. \ H. E. Gabbert f Davis, A. T. t Mary A. Myers J Eichinger, Michael \ Lucy Ellen Huff f Herman, W. S. \ Annie M. Wallace J Jones, .John \S. A. Htrris f Jenni ngs, I. D. t Caroline Hunter J Kizer, J. S. . [ Lidia Davis J Myers, J. W. t Marv J. Sanders j Prather, Z. R. t Florence L. McDonald J Pettyjohn, Thomas [ Charlotte Cross f Quickel, T. 4 Mary A. Reeser [ Lizzie A. Hursh J Rucker, N. W. [ M. J. Horton f Seitz, Jacob P. [ Eliza Hawks f Tohill, N. W. ( Rebecca Burrows f Worley, D. T. \ S. C. Baker f Wikoff, J. H. 1 Cordelia Casner Decatur Casner Decatur a Long Creek Decatur Dec’d Oct. Decatur (l Casner a Decatur li Long Creek Casner Decatur I 111 . Deceased Decatur Sangamon Sec. 20 Mi t ella I' c f h u h rcii Gumberla,ld Preaby - Macon Co Wife of N. M. Baker Ohio Sec. 21 Farmer and Stock Raiser Dhio Wife of L. B. Casner Montg’y Co. Ind Sec. 27 Nurseryman Macon Co. 111. “ Wife of H. W. Davis Macon Co. 111. *' Farmer and Stock Rtiser Macon Co. 111. Wife of Samuel C. Davis i u, |. Sec. 36 Farmer and Stock Raiser Ohio Wife of A. T. Davis Macon Co. 111. ii’o^ Farmer and Stock Raiser t*a. 4, 18/6 Late wife of Mich. Eichinger. Oliio Sec. 17 Teacher Pa. Wife of W. S. Herman Macon Co. 111. Sec. 19 Farmer and Stock RaiserSangamonCo.il Wife of John Jones Maryland 17 Farmer and Ex-Sheriff N. J. Wife of J. D. Jennings Sec. 27 Farmer and Stock Raiser “ Wife of J. S. Kizer Sec. 32 Farmer and Stock Raiser Wife of J. W. Myers Sec. 30 Farmer Wife of Z. R Prather Sec. 20 Farmer and Stock Raiser Wife of Thos. Prettvjohn Sec. 13 Farmer and Stock Raisei 1870 First wife of T. Quickel Sec. arver Morgan Co. 111. 70 1 George J. Carver Wiltshire, Eng 68 l Kliza Carden .Pa 68 / Myers, Wm. J. 111. 52 l Miriam K. Querrey f McKinney, Wm. A. \ Caroline M. Child ( Miller, Joseph 4 Jane E. Smith [ Catharine E. Reed J f Orr, Margaret E. [ Samuel C. Dinwiddie f Park, R. H. 4 Mildred Gillespie / Querrey, James g- [ Elizabeth S. Williams ,1 f Rinehart, James I. | Eliza E. Cornell | Joel Rinehart [ Sarah McCartney I Spurling, Reuben \ Sidney Jones f Swinehart, Samuel \ Minerva Kelsey j Taylor, William . Sarah J. Hixson -- / Troxell, James B. ’-[j [ Harriet N. Jones 44 51 58 .39 54 [64 53 5 } lSa Argenta Maroa Dec’d Maroa Cisco it Argenta Dec’d May Argenta Bloom. Gro Dec’d Dec. Maroa it Argenta Dec’d M’ch Argenta Maroa Dec’d Jan. [Argenta Cisco Dec’d May Maroa it Argenta Sec. 33 Sec. 4 1866 Sec. 4 OCCUPATION. NATIVITY. Sec. 3 Wife of T. Quickel Sec. 1 0 Farmer and Grain Dealer “ _ Wife of N. W. Rucker Sec. 17 Farmer “ ' “ Wife of Jacob P. Seitz Casner Sec. 33 Farmer and Stock Raiser “ 1 “ Wife of N. W. Tohill Long Creek Sec. 35 Teacher “ “ Wife of D. T. Worley Casner Sec. 31 Farmer and Stock Raiser “ Wife of J. H. Wikoff Morgan Co. 111. 53 4 } au Leer, W. A. ■ - R i| 1 Josephine L. Colladay Ohio 46 Ivy. 30j Macon Co. 111. 11 Green Co. Ohio 64 Macon Co. Macon Co. Ky. Macon Co. 111. York Co. Pa. Pa. CumberlandCo.Pa Tenn. Tenn. Pa. Macon Co. 111. Illinois Macon Co. 111. Ind. Ind. Illinois Macon Co. 111. 36 J Wilkinson, Jackson 1 Mary Morrison / Williams, A. H. { Lucinda Ogdon f Young, George S. 53 *- Gttillia Long 33 - - . . 67! 67 7 111 — 53 Maroa it Argenta it Maroa << Argente Resides with her Sister Ross Co. Ohio Farmer and Breeder of Poland China Jf (»(•]{ jn(r (}(). (). Hogs t> / 1 r\ 1 * Wile of John Lee Koss Co. Ohio Farmer and Stock Raiser Glasgow, Scot. Wife of John G. .Jimisori c„. n. v. Pres, wife of ‘ Erie Co. Pa. See. 16 Farmer and Stock Raiser I> :irr en Co. ‘‘ Wife of Almon II. Jones , K l ua . / \ Sec. 19 Relict 0 f Isaac Vantries Summit Co. O. ] 2, ’78 First husb. of Harriet Keller Marion Co. < ). SeC 19 *‘ armor anfl present husb. of Harriet Wyandotte Co.O Sec. 28 Farmer and Stock Raiser J'*T la L?* ^4|j° “ Wife of Joseph G. Kile Alacon Co. 111. Kansas Fath’r of Eliz’heth Carver *N V - 9, 1869 Moth, of Eliz’heth Carver Fairfield 1 Co. O. Sec. 7 Farmer, Stock Raiser A J. P. Marion Co. 111. Wife of Wm. J . Myers Macon Co. 111. Sec. 28 Farmer and Slock Reiser Orange Co. Ind. Wife of W. A. McKinney Wash’gton Co. ‘‘ Sec. 20 Farmer and Stock Raiser Lycoming Co.Pa 24, ’58 First wife of Jos. Miller Pa. Sec. 30 Wife of Joseph Miller Belmont Co. O. Sec. 20 Wid. of Samuel C. Blnwiddie Morgan Co. 111. 6, 1880 Late hus.of Margaret E.Orr Sangamon *• ^ Sec. 21 Farmer and Stock Raiser Madison Co. Ky “ Wife of R. H. Park Johnson Co. Ind Sec. 24 Farmer and Stock Raiser Botetourt Co. Va “ Wife James Querrey Pittsylvania ‘‘ Sec. 33 Farmer and Stock Raiser Hampshire ‘‘ “ Wife of Jas. I. Rinehart Hardy ‘‘ “ Fath.of Jas. I. Rinehart Hampshire ‘‘ 1, 1866 Wife of Joel Rinehart Sec. 2 Farmer and Stock Raiser “ Wife of Reuben Spurling ‘‘ Sec. 36 Farmer and Stock Raiser Licking Co. O. “ Wife of Sami. Swinehart Boone Co. 111. Sec. 28 Farmer and Stock Raiser Hunterden Co. N.J ‘‘ Wife of William Taylor Jersey Co. III. Sec. 30 Farmer and Stock Raiser Macon Co. 111. ‘‘ Wife of James B. Troxell Marion Co. O. Sec. 20 Farm., St’k Raiser & Sup. Chester Co. Pa. “ Wife of W. A. Van Leer Phila., Pa. Sec. 30 Farmer and Stock Raiser Hocking Co. O. Wife of Jack. Wilkinson Farmer and Stock Raiser Sumner Co. Ten Wife of A. H. Williams Edgar Co. III. Farmer and Stock Raiser Co. Down, Ire Wife of George Young Pitpia Co. Ohio Sec. 1 it Sec. 18 63 63 63 34 34 72 56 56 58 62 50 46 40 25 37 51 51 51 51 54 54 66 47 57 61 61 31 25 52 59 52 52 59 59 67 51 65 65 43 54 55 51 64 52 52 48 35 AUSTIN TOWNSHIP. FRIEND’S CREEK TOWNSHIP. / Adams, David M. \ Mary E. Haukins 1 Brennan, Sarah A. Hiram H. Warner Wm. Dickey Isabella Foster f Coulter, Wm. K. [ Rebecca Hill f Carr, Robert F. \ Emily A. Smick J Drake, Sylvan us P. [ Mary Ilunsinger / Evey, Michael l Sarah Peddicord f Fout, Israel \ Eliza A. Dobbs f Greenfield, Alexander 1 Eliza Jane Rutz f Hedges, Caleb [ Mary Augustus Hoover, Moses / Housmar, Ilumphery \ Amelia Ayers Argenta Sec. 30 Dec’d Jan. ‘‘ Jan. “ May Maroa It Argenta Cisco a Maroa Argenta Maroa Argenta Sec. 34 3, 1852 17,75 30, ’52 Sec. 6 It Newb’g Farmer and Stock Raiser Centre Co. Pa. Wife of David Adams Clinton Co. O. Wid. of William Dickey Canada First bus. of S. A. Brennan Ohio Second “ “ [Ky. First wife of Wm. Dickey Tenn. Farmer and Stock Raiser Juniata Co. Pa. Wife of Wm. K. Coulter Marion Co. Ohio Physician & Surgeon, Fii mer, Dealer Gnccov Prv \T T 111 Drugs and Groceries OllbMJA IN . J . Wife of Robert F. Carr Macon Co. 111. Sec. 31 Farm., Stock Raiser & Deal. Macon Co. 111. “ WifeofSylvan’sP. Drake White Co. 111. Sec. 8 Farmer and Stock Raiser Franklin Co. Pa Wife of Michael Evey Sec. 6 Farmer and Stock Raiser Wife of Isreal Fout Sec. 7 Farmer and Stock Raiser Wife of Alex. Greenfield Sec. 24 Farmer and Stock Raiser “ Wife of Caleb Hedges Sec. 19 Farmer and Stock Raiser Farmer and Carpenter 1 Wife of Hump. Ilousman Madison Co. O. Hardy Co. Va. Ky. Ross Co. Ohio North’mpt’n Co.Pa Fairfield Co. O. Fairfield Co. O. Oliio 1 N. Y. f Austin, James B. Maroa Sec. 13 \ Phoebe N. Dunham “ < Bradshaw, A. J. Latham Sec. 19 1 Susato A. Haines “ < < f Brelsford, William C. Maroa Sec. 14 4 Ella Bost “ “ [ Susanna E. Dutro Dec’d Sept. 15, 76 j Brown, J. A. Decatur, Box 9)3 Sec. 36 \ Mary Simon / Braden, Solomon Maroa Sec. 1 \ Sarah Kershner U It f Balcom, H. S. Kenney Sec. 8 1 Be sy Emery • < Sec. 36 J Ciossman, S. A. Warrensb’rg (. Susan Weaver “ !| f Davison, T. B. Latham Sec, 20 J Thomas Davison “ it | Martha J. Davison “ ti [ George W. Davison Dec’d Apr’l 27, 73 I" Emery, J. W. Kenney Sec. 18 4 F. A. Sanburn it n [ Frances R. Leland j Hawkyard, A. Dec’d Kenney Sec. 10: t Hannah Bottomlay a C Heft, Samuel Latham Sec. 17 l Elizabeth Davis Dec’d Jan. 27,77 / Hill, W. 11. Latham Sec. 29 1 Elizabeth Mary Salter “ it f Johnston, John “ Sec. 19 J Agnes Irving ti a ] George Johnston “ i t [ Jane Wright a ( f Lowe, William Maroa Sec. 10 l Ann Rebec. McKeever 11 f Larkin, Henderson Chestnut ‘f ( Eliza M. Israel “ f Nowlin, J. B. Latham Sec. 20, \ J. E. Sykes “ it Sheep Wife of James B. Austin Wife of A. J. Bradshaw Ohio nian Horses Wife of Wm. C. Brelsford Sheep and Chester White Hogs Wife of J. A. Brown Farmer and Breeder of Pine Cattle aud Poland China Hogs Wife of Solomon Braden [56 61 m 166 Edgar Co. 111. [71 Preble Co. Obio ( 66 Leicest’rsh’e En|61 61 Richland Co. O. Augusta Co. Va Wife of H. S- Balcom Merrim’c“N.H Farmer and Stock Raiser Cayuga Co. N. Y ■Wife of S. A. Crossman Macon Co. III. Moth, of T. B.&G. W. Davison Wife of J. W. Emerv 00 68 66 57 70 57 65 65 65 65 Merrim’k N.H 57 N. H. [Mass. 57 First wife of J. IV. Emery Worcester Co. 1 Farm., St’k Raiser & Sup Yorl Wife of A Hawkyard [60 Sec. 29 Farmer and Stock Raiser Devonsh’e, Eng. <49 Wife of John Johnston Farm., St’k Raiser & J. P Pendlet’n Co.Va ‘ Hamilton “ Ind Hamilton Co. 0 239 AIT ST IN T OWN SH IP. — [Continued. ] BLUE MOUND TOWNSHIP. ( Patterson, David -j Mary Francis Smith ( Elizabeth Wright [ Parker, William H. -j Frances M. Crowell ( Eliza C. Shan J Kothermal, Louis ( Margaret Lutz f Schenck, Daniel \ Sarah Ann Denise J Toland. nee Smith, Mrs \ Aquilla Toland [L. A. f Whitaker, N. M. \ Mary C. Nor veil P. OFFICE. REfelD. OCCUPATION. NATIVITY. D j H j ? , Latham Sec. 18 Farmer and Breeder of Short Horn* and Grades Pres, wife of David Patterson Dumfriesshire, Scotl’d 54 Dec’d Oct. “ Effingham Co.ll 75 1875 First wife of ‘‘ Dumfriesshire, Seotlnd 44 Maroa “ Sec. 11 Farmer and Breeder of fine Cattle, Hogs and Sheep Wife of William H. Parker Preble Co. Ohio Madison ‘‘ 55 69; Dec’d Aug. 12, ’69 First wife of ‘‘ Clermont “ 53 Latham Sec. 19 Farmer and Stock Raiser Germany << 67 “ ll Wife of Louis Rothermal 07 Maroa Sec. 23 Farmer and Breeder of fine Horses Penna. 60 Wife of Daniel Schenck Butler Co. Ohio 60 Latham Sec. 31 Farm. & Breed. Short Horns Macon Go 111. 48 Dec’d Feb. 15, ’78 Late bus. of Mrs. L A. Toland Madison Co. 0. 65 Latham Sec. 18 Farmer and Breeder of Pol. China Hogs Ind. 64 Wife of N. M. Whitaker Ky. 64 P. OFFICE. RESID. PHEASANT YIEW TOWNSHIP. r Barrick, Joshua J Barbara A. Gaver j Jane R. Leister Brookshier, William F Mary E. Hurst Mary J. Logan f Blair, James A. \ Dinah E. Workman I Beckett, John B. -j May Myers ( James Beckett J Carr, N. A. \ Melissa J.Rittinghous f Crow, O. T. [ Alice J. Scott J Carter, Richard H. \ Loveina Swim Crap and Gorden / Damery, George \ Joanna Kerwin ( Day, William W. \ Margarett A. Corn j Delbridge, E. F. Fredreka Ponk j Ferre, Abel S. \ Sarah J. Chapman Macon << Bl. Mound Griffith, James G. Macon 35 Susanah Whitney “ 35 Goltra, John H. “ 35 Clara A. Miller “ 35 Hurst, Isaac Bl. Mound 11 Marv A. Miller Died Feb. 12, ’47 Sarah A. Tliornberry Bl. Mound Sec. 11 Hartwig, John II. 28 Margarett Nast Dec’d Oct. 1875 . House, Eleazar Bl. Mound Sec. 31 Nancy Fraser Dec’d Nov. 10, ’55 Flora A. Martin Dec’d M’rh 27, ’60 Hebberd, S. S. Moawequa Sec. 14 M. Ella Smith 14 Koelmel, Alex. Bl. Mound 33 Mary Nold (< 33 Knowles, FI. J. Macon 14 John Knowles Dec’d Sept. 24, ’70 Mary McStae Macon Sec. 14 Koelmel, Tobias Bl. Mound Bl. Mound Michanx, Auguste “ Sec. 16 Sophie Keller “ 16 Miller, J. B. it Bl. Mound Elizabeth Botkin “ u Mary L. Miller “ “ Moss, Wm. M. “ Sec. 17 Henrietta Delbridge “ 17 Nicholls, A. J. 34 Eliza Gabra 34 Nicholls, Mary 33 Nicholls, W. L. Dec’d April 23, ’75 Schnurr, Christ. Bl. Mound Sec. 9 Men ay Moss “ 9 Smith. James D. Moawequa 13 Worthie C. Benedict 13 Smith, Ed. O. “ 13 Seiberling, J. D. Bl. Mound Bl. Mound Bl. Mound bi. Mound Deal, in Grain & Agric. Impls Maryland Dec’ d May 30, ’03 Late wife of J. Barrick Maryland Bl. Mound at. Mound l>res. wife of “ Maryland 44 Sec. 8 l ' ,ar,lier :i nd Stock Raiser, lived 23 U v -r\* i -\r ? i years in Township 1 . * Died Mr ch 20, 69 Laiewifeol W.F.Brookshier Md. Bl. Mound Sec. 8 Pres, wife of “ I n d. 18 Farmer and Stock Raiser Ind. 18 Wife of James A. Blair 111. 3 Farmer and Stock Raiser Ohio 3 Wife of John B. Beckett Ind. 3 Son of J. B. &M. Beckett Macon Co. 111. 36 Farmer and Stock Raiser 111. 36 Wife of N. A. Carr 111. 3 Farmer and Stock Raiser Ohio 3 Wife of O. T. Crow 111. bi. M ound Cus. Boot & Shoe Maker Mass. “ Wifeof Rich’rd II. Carter Ohio “ Dealers in Grain, Lumber, Lime, Cross, Maryland c Hardware, Pumps, Cement & Coal Gordon, Ky. bee- 2o Farmer and Stock Raiser Ireland 28 Wife of George Damery Ireland 16 Farmer and Stock Raiser Tenn. 16 Wife of William W. Day 111. 17 Farmer and Stock Raiser, Prussia 17 Wife of E. F. Delbridge “ 33 Farmer and Stock Raiser Canada 33 Wife of Abel S. Ferre Tenn. Farmer and Stock Raiser Vermont Wife of Jas. G. Griffith “ Farmer and Stock Raiser N. J. Wife of John H. Goltra Ind. Farmer and Stock Raiser Ind. First w i fc -©£-1 saac Hurst Pa. Pres, wife of “ Ind. jLatewifeof J. H-Hartwig Hanover Ohio X. Y. N. Y. Ohio England Ireland Dukedm of Baden France Switzerland 111 . Ohio Wife of J. B. Miller [Sister of “ (111. Farmer and Stock Raiser Prussia i Wm. A. Moss ! “ 71 71 57 55 69 66 75 74 80 65 65 j 57 72 70 1 GZ 62 66 66 58' 58 66 66 66 66 63 50 66 66 61 61 65 OCCUPATION. J Brown, Henry T. Decatur 1 Sarah E. Jordon “ Barnes, J. A. Boody Louisa R. Taylor f Brown, Nelson F. Decatur \ Mildred A. Pasley f Blankinship, Lewis Bl. Mound - Madeline Roberts ; “ ( Hannah Wilson | “ f Bailey, Fred. ]Boody \ Henrietta Fornhorst J Crawford, John S. 1 Polly A. Moffett f Cottie, G. F. Decatur \ Susan E. Browning ; “ J Chapman, J. E. Boody 1 Maria C. Evens | “ 1 Crow, E. W. Bl. Mound [ Nannie D. Eatlv ‘‘ I Delbridge, Jr., E. F. Boody I Louisa Pibler ! “ ( Hall, Benj. A. Bl. Mound \ Sara C. Carmany ' “ Hotter, John Boody f Joster, Henry Bl. Mound 1 Julia A. Schoop | “ / Jokish, Henry G. Boody \ Louisa Echhardt j “ f Jackson, J. H. Decatur - Mary Bradley Dee’d 1 Mary Reed Decatur f Kaup, Isaac B. | “ l Mary E. Deakins f Kallenbach, H. Emil Boody \ Lizzie Zimmerman | “ f Morris, John W- K. 1 Anna Coe j “ J Moffett, Wm. T. Decatur \ Ellen Barrows | “ J Morris, Yincin Boody ( Mary J. Mathews 1 “ f Miller, Henry A. j ‘‘ \ Caroline Gimmer | “ f Moffett, John M. Decatur 1 Elizabeth McDonald “ f Muirheid, Wm. F. ] “ i Margaret J. Hill J Robbins, John Boody t Nancy O. Haines “ I Rosegrants, Hiram : ‘‘ l Sarah Mason [ “ f Sleeter, John H. j “ l Hattie A. Harmel i “ / Smith, Margaret A. I “ l John D. Smith Died Feb. f Schnab, Christian Boody \ Elizabeth Suppes “ f Stickler, John Bl. Mound 1 Hannah Muelbarger f Taylor, T. M. Boody l Theola D. Farnswortl / Taylor, James Y. [ Elizabeth A. Moffett f Wilson, Wm. H. Bl. Mound l Mary E. Elder f Weatherford, VY. H. Boody \ Amanda Newman j Yoder, Lanah l J. C. Sudy NATIVITY. Sec. 3!Farmer and Stock Raiser Ohio 3 Wife of Henry T. Brown Macon Co. 111. 4 Farmer and Stock Raiser Pa. 4 Wife of J. A. Barnes Macon Co. 111. 34;Fnrmer and Stock Raiser Ohio 341 Wife of Nelson F. Brown Macon Co. 31 ! Farmer and Stock Raiser Macon Co. 111. 31] Wife of Lew. Blankinship Ind. 31 Mother of “ N. C. 16 Farm. & Breed. of fine St’k Germany 16 Wife of Fred. Bailey “ 33 Farmer and Stock Raiser Ohio 33 Wife of Jno. S. Crawford Macon Co. 111. 6 Farmer and Stock Raiser Eng. 6 Wife of G. F. Cottle Ky. 5 Farmer and Stock Raiser Eng. 5]Wife of J. E. Chapman Macon Co. 20 Farmer and Stock Raiser Ohio 20 Wife of E. W. Crow Ind. 24 Farmer and Stock Raiser Prussia 24 Wife of E. F. Delbridge Cass Co. 111. 19 Farmer and Brickmaker Macon Co. III. 19 Wife of Benj. A. Hall Ohio 15 Farmer and Stock Raiser Germany 21 “ 21 Wife of Henry Joster Pa. 23 Farmer and Stock Raiser Germany 23 Wife of Henry G. Jokish ‘‘ 26 Farmer and Stock Raiser N. C. F’st wife of J. H. Jackson Ky. Sec. 26 Present wife of “ Tenn- 31 Blacks’th & St. Saw-mill Pa. 31 Wife of Isaac Kaup Macon Co. 23 Farmer and Stock Raiser Cass Co. 111. 23 Wife of E. H. Kallenbach Pike Co. 111. 4 Farmer and Stock Raiser Macon Co. 111. 4 Wifeof J. W. K. Morris Va. 32 Farmer and Stock Raiser Sangamon Co. 32 Wife of Wm. T. Moffett Vt. 8 Farmer and Stock Raiser Ohio 8 Wife of Vincin Morris Maryland 15 Farmer and Stock Raiser Germany Wife of Henry A. Miller *• Sec. 34 Farmer and Stock Raiser 111. 34 Wife of John M. Moffett: Penn. 33 Farmer and Stock Raiser Va. 33 Wife of W. F. Muirheid Macon Co 111 22 Farmer and Stock Raiser 22 Wife of John Robbins 10 Farmer and Stock Raiser 1 0 Wife of Hir’m Rosegrants 11 Farmer and Stock Raiser 11 Wife of John H. Sleeter Farmer and Stock Raiser 25, ’80 Late bus. of Marg’t Smith Sec. 10 Farmer and Stock Raiser 10 Wife of Christian Schnab 6 Farmer and Stock Raiser 6 Wife of John Stickler 33 Farmer and Stock Raiser 33 Wife of T. M. Taylor 4 Farmer and Stock Raiser 4 Wife of James Y. Taylor 19 St. Saw-mill &Lum. Deal 19] Wife of Wm. H. Wilson 15 Farm., St'k Rais. & Twp. Asp 15 Wife of W. H. Weatherford 21 Wife of J- C. Sudy 21 Farmer and Stock Raiser Sangamon Co Tenn. N. Y. Ill Macon Co. 111. Prussia Ky. Tenn. Germany Pa. Pa. Macon Co. 111. Ohio 111 . 111 . Ohio 111 . Va Tenn. Lancaster, Pa. Germany •59 60 62 50 59 51 [47 52 28 ;o3 42 [76 60 57 [63 64 [54 57 76 58 64 55 66 61 57 47 1(38 68 74 74 K 167 68 ■ 51 77 II 41 54 49 47 57 58 43 55 30 34 II 69 69 67 67 50 55 4 67 72 72 50 68 36 41 78 78 58 58 47 68 HICKORY POINT TOWNSHIP, fW IN: Ward, Robert D. Nancy Abernathay Weygandt, Jonathan Miriam Bachman Weygandt, J. F. Elizabeth Garman and Woolenware Wife of J. D. Seiberling “ Prop, of the Ward House Ohio Wife of Robert D. Ward Ohi_ Sec. 30 Farmer and Stock Raiser Penn. 30 Wifeof Jon. Weygandt Penn. 30 Farmer and Stock Raiser Ohio 30 Wife of J. F. Weygandt Ohio Ohio Ireland 68] 68 Arthur, Jasper Warrensbu’g it Sec. 7 F armer and Stock Raiser Ohio 66 Ohio 67 \ Ida A. Taylor 7 Wife of Jasper Arthur Ohio 69 Ohio 67 f Arthur, Joseph Forsythe 17 Farmer & Cattle Feeder Ohio 67 Germany 61 ( Melinda Clover 17 Wifeof Joseph Arthur Ohio 60 Prussia 61 ( Braden, John Y. Decatur 26 Farmer and Stock Raiser Tenn. 29 Macon Co. 111. 45 j Laura A. Hunting it 26 Wife of John Y. Braden Vermont 30 47: Black, J. R Warrensbu'g 18 Farmer and Stock Raiser Ky. 66 58 Mary J. White Dec’d June 24, ’67 Late wife of J. R. Black 111. 66 Penn. Ohio 71 71 Rachel Ritchie [ Batchelder, N. S. Warrensbu'g Sec. 18 Pres, wife of “ 8 Farm., Cat. & Hog feeder Pa. N. H. 56 Ohio 76 Mary M. Ritchie Dec’d M’ch 2, 1872 Late wife of N. S. Batchelder Pa. 56 Ohio 76 Margaretta Cornon Warrensbu’g Sec. 8 Pres, wife of “ Pa. 56 Penn. 64 Bixler, A. J. Forsythe 13 Farmer and Stock Raiser Pa. 60 Penn. 64 i Lovenia R. Lehman 1.3 Wife of A. J. Bixler Macon Co. 111. 45 Ohio 64 Good, James B. Decatur 32 Farmer and Stock Raiser it 56 Ohio 64 J ' Ida L. Lehman it 32 j Wife of James B. Good Ohio 68 240 HICKORY POINT TOWNSHIP. -[Continued] OAKLEY TOWNSHIP. NAME. J Gepford, W. H. \ Nancy J. Horn back j Hays, Hezekiali \ Margaret Leliein Houser, David Leah Saunda . Catharine Larish ( Hinkle, Wm. A. I Amanda Ivens j Huston, Ulysses \ Matilda McCay Johnson, Robert Luann Church Win. T. Grubbs [ Melissa C. Allen j Love, David 1 Elizabeth S. Weltmer J Magee, W. J- ) Fannie Mnsselman J Major, Hillearv \ Martha A. Adams J McKinley, John H. ( Catharine Gher f Moon, J. R. j Lydia Dakin ] Aaron Moon [ Harriet Li ppincott I Martin, Henry 1 Caroline Colladav J Schroll, George W. \ Lethe A. Hornback J Schroll, Henry t Mary D Taylor j Weaver, John \ Catharine Oberlin Weigel, D. S. f Watkins, Sarah \ Janies Watkins i\ OFFICE. It ESI D. Forsythe See. 8 It 8! Decatur 25 it 21 Dec’d Sept. 1853 Decatu r Sec. 21 F orsvthe 5 it 5 Decatur 34; it 34 ii 34 u 34: It 34 ti 34 ii 19 it 19 ii 25 u 25 u 30 it 30 Forsythe 12 Deed April 9, 1879 Forsvthe Sec 11 Dec’d Feb. 17, ’70 Forsythe Sec. 1 1 U 11 it 1 a 1 n 15 u 15 Decatur 27 “ 27 a 16 it 16 Forsythe 16 VVarrensbu’g 7 Dec’d Oct. 16. ’62 OCCUPATION. NATIVITY. Farmer and Stock Raiser Pa. Wife of W. H. Gepford Macon Co. III. Keeper Poor farms u Farmer Macon Co. III. Wife of Hezekiali Hays Ohio Farmer and Stock Raiser Pa. Late wife of 1). Houser Pa. Present wife of “ Pa. Farmer and Blacksmith Pa.] Wife of Wm. A. Hinkle Ohio Fanner and Stock Raiser Ohio Wife of Ulysses Huston Ohio] Farmer and Stock Raiser Ky. Wife of Robert Johnson Ky. Farmer and Stock Raiser 111. Wife Wm. T. Grubbs Ky. Farmer and Stock Raiser Ind. Wife of David Love Pa. Keeper Poor farm & Farmer Macon Co. Wife of W. J. Magee Penn. Farmer & Grain Thresher Ohio Wife of Hilleary Major Ind. Farmer & Cattle Feeder Macon Co. 111. Late wife of .1. H. McKinley p a Farmer, Stock Raiser ami Township \ Assessor C/lllO Late wife of J. R. Moon Ohio Farmer and Stock Raiser Ohio Wife of Aaron Moon ]N. J. Farmer and Stock Raiser Ohio Wife of Henry Martin Pa. Farmer and Stock Raiser Pa. Wife of Geo. W. Schroll Macon Co. III. Farmer and Stock Raiser Pa. Wife of Henry Schroll |Macon Co. 111. Farmer and Stock Raiser Pa. Wife of John Weaver Farmer and Minister Farmer and Stock Raiser Pa. Pa. Ohio L ite husband ol Mrs. Sarah Watkins Vn. 51 HARRISTOWN TOWNSHIP. f Conover, Peter I Bashada Taylor ( Cury, Mary A. \ James M. Cury J Eyman, Jerome \ Stella Tandy / Filson, Gustis \ Mary Patterson J Filson, Robert t Ida McCartney f Freeman Jeremiah i Hannah Turner f Gossort, Charles j Harriet S. Peck J Grunden, W- S. \ Rachel Coe J Hall, John \ Miss Mary Hendricks J Hoyt, J. N. \ Eunice N. Brown Hillbern, James L. f Hunsley, C. E. 1 Malinda Hostettler f Hostettler, Mrs. T. A. t Hostettler, Jacob J Lenard, Samuel \ Elizabeth Foster J McGuire, Joseph D. 1 Catharine Halbert [Miller, A. C. -j Lucy A. Miller ( Nancy J. Austin [ Miller, James j Margaret Hostettler I Elizabeth Miller J Park, James H. I Elizabeth L. Wood J Scroggin, T. I. I Rebecca Bi rks J Turner, John X Mary Eliza McIntyre J Willard, M. B. 1 Emma Lane Willard, J. M. J Whitley, W. L. I Alice Irwin Harristown sec. It Farmer and Stock Raiser Kentucky Dec’d Jan 1,1853 For. wife of P. Conover Decatur Sec. 13 Farmer & Fruit Grower Columbus, Ohio • Dec’d May 2, 1879 Late husb. of M. A. Curv Vigo Co. Ind. Harristown Sec. 5 Farmer and Stock Raiser St. Clair Co. 111. ii 5 Wife of Jerome Eyman Morgan Co. “ a 3 Farmer and Stock Raiser a 3 Wife of Gustis Filson Clearfield Co. Pa a 3 Farmer and Stock Raiser Morgan Co. 111. a 3 Wife of Robert Filson ii Niantic 6 Farmer and Stock Raiser Macon Co. 111. “ 6 Wife of Jerem. Freeman Logan Co. 111. Harristown 29 Farmer and Stock Raiser Pennsylvania ii 29 Wife of Charles Gossort Ohio Decatur 1 Farmer and Stock Raiser Indiana it 1 Wife of W. S. Grunden Ohio Harristown 16 Farmer Missouri ii 16 Wife of John Hall Tennessee ii 16 Farmer and Stock Raiser. Town- ship Supervisor. Wife of J. N. Hoyt N. Hampshire a 16 <( a 20 Farmer Macon Co. 111. u 4 Farmer and Stock Raiser England a 4 Wife of C. F. Hunsley Macon, 111. u 14 Farmer and Stock Raiser Kentucky Dec’d Jan. 11, 18711 In his 63d year. Late husbaud of Mrs. T. A. Hostettler Decatur Sec. 13 Farmer and Stock Raiser Fast Virginia ii 13 Wife of Samuel Lenard Kentucky Harristown 4 Farmer and Stock Raiser Pennsylvania ii 4 Wife of Jos. I). McGuire Virginia Decatur 12 Farmer and Trader Macon Co. 111. Dec’d May 1,1868 First wife of A. C. Miller Kentucky Decatur Sec. 12 Pres. “ “ “ “ Macon Co. III. 12 Farmer and Stock Raiser Kentucky Deed Nov. 1844 First wife of Jas. Miller U Decatur Sec. 12 Pres. ‘‘ “ “ “ ii Harristown 15 Farmer and Butcher St. Clair Co. 111. ii 15 Wife of James H. Park ; Madison Co. 111. ii 28 Farmer, Stock Raiser, Feeder and Logan Co. III. ii 28 Shipper Wife of T. I. Serogain Niantic 7 Farmer and Stock Raiser Macon Co. 111. “ 7 Wife of John Turner j Kentucky Harristown 8 Farmer and Stock Raiser Morgan Co. 111. it 8 Wife of M. B. Willard Edgar Co. 111. a S Farmer, Stock Raiser, dealer and Shipper Farmer and Slock Raiser Morgan Co. 111. ii 28 Kentucky a 28 Wife of W. L. Whitley Pennsylvania NAME. P. OFFICE. It ESI D. OCCUPATION. NATIVITY. H A [ Berry, T. W. Oakley Sec. 35 Farmer and Stock Raiser Va. 64 j Sarah Stanley 35 Wife of T. W. Berrv Ill 64 j Burley, James ii 31 Farmer and Stock Raiser Ohio (io | Mary Ann Crowell a 31 Wife of James Burley Ohio 10 j ( Bucker, William Sangamon 10 Farmer and Stock Raiser S C. 53 i J Nancy Witt Dec'd 1861 First wife of W m. Bucker Tenn. 53 | | Marv Ilouseworth Sangamon Sec. 10 Present wife of “ Pa. 57 i [ Deck, M. L. Cerro Gordo Farmer and Stock Raisei Tenn. 72 ■j Flnor C.usner Wife of M. L. Deck Ind. 72 l Lula Jane Deck ii Daughter of M. L. and Elnor Deck [11. 78 [ ( 'ross E. F. Oakley See. 26 Farmer X. Y. 49 •] Nancy Hoots ii 26 Wife of E. F. Cross Scott Co. 111. 74 Harriet A. Bradford Dec'd 1865 First wife of •* Conn. 19 j Coulter, W. F. Oakley Sec. 23 Miller and Farmer St. Clair Co. 111. 74 \ E. J. Stone i ( 23 Wife of W. F. Coulter Tenn. 71 j Chambers, T. Cerrn Gordo 21 Farmer and Stock Raiser Ky. \ Mary Gates (. 21 Wife of T. Chambers Scott Co. III. 59 Dovle, J. R. it 32 Farmer .Vlacon Co. 111. ( Grason, William It 9 Farmer and Stock Raisei Ireland OO \ Helen E. Burrows tl 9 Wife of William Grason Scott Co. 111. )0 1 Howell, W. T. Oakley 31 Farmer and Stock Raisei Sangamon Co 11 34 | Sarah Jane Trotter it 31 Wife of W. T. Howell Ohio 56 [ Hawkins, R. C. | Julia A. Weaver Sangamon 10 Farmer [kins Rutland Co. Yt. Dec’d 1878 Late wife of R C. Haw- N. Y. 65 •j Hawkins. B. C. j Almeda Weaver Sangamon See. 3 Farmer Yt. 56 ii 3 Wife of B. C. Hawkins N. Y. 69 [ Ruth E. Fowler it 3 Aunt of R. C. aud R. C. Hawkins Conn. 56 | Holcomb, T. O. Oak lev Oakl’y P. M. and Gen. Store & Grain Dealei III. 79 1 \ Clarinda J. Smith t< ii Wife of T. O. Holcomb 111. 79 J Hiser, John It Sec. 27 Farmer & Wheat Grower Penn. 49 \ Sarah Hess ii 27 Wife of John lliser Penn. 50 t Liehtenberger, J. B. Sangamon Sang’mon Merchant & Post Master Penn. 55 \ Susanna Frv “ Wife of J. B. Liehtenberger Penn. 53 j Niekev, S. P- Oakley Sec. 5 Farmer and Stock Kaiser Penn. 55 t Mary K. McCov 5 Wife of S. P. N'ickev Va. 60 [ Nickey, William U 36 Fanner and Stock Raiser Penn. 50 ■J Catharine Stine a 3( Wife of William Niekev Penn. 51 ’ ( David Nickey a 36 Farmer and Stock Raiser Penn. 50 ( Reed, Robert \ Louisa B Fulk ti 2’ Farmer and Saw Mill Operator Macon Co. ill. 46 ii 25 Wife of Robert Reed Green Co. Iud. 57 ( Seitz, Jacob it 26 Farmer Penn. 57 < Barbary Nickey Dec’d Sept 1875 lLate wife of Jacob Seitz Penn. 57 ( Mary Ann Baker Oakley Sec. 26^ Present wife of “ Ohio 73 57 NIANTIC TOWNSHIP. 55 55 ( Buckles, Dte Niantic 1 Sec. 24 Farmer & Stock Raiser l,ogan Co. Ill 74 55 \ A. C. Turlev it 24 Wife of Dee Buckles 74 55 Cunaghan, James a 12 Farmer & Sioc< Raiser Zlo. Donegal Irld 68 72 f Choate, Francis M. Latham 2d] it ti ti Scott Co. Ill 76 72 \ Carrie A. Havens a 23 Wife of Francis Choate Shelby Co. O. 77 72 Clark, Horace N. Niantic Niantic Physician & Surgeon Sl - Laurence c». n. y 59 72 f Edgar, A. C. “ Sec. 28 Farmer & Stock Raiser Cass Co., 111. 69 30 [ Elsie E. Ford ii 28 Wife of A. C. Eiigar | Arkansas 59 54 f Gepford, Geo. W. ii 11 Miller, Grain Dlr& Fmr Pennsylvania 42 66 \ Harriet Kitch tS 11 Wife of Geo. W. Gepford Farmer & Stock Raiser ii 59 67 f Hagen, James I lliopolis 21 Tyrone, Ireland 57 61 J Catherine McCath ] John A. Hagen 21 Wife of James Hagen ii a 57 71 ii 21 Son of Jas. & C. Hagen Springfield, 111. ti u 57 71 [ Marv Ann Hagen ii 21 Daughter of J.&C.Hagen 57 74 ( Hali, Charles A. Niantic 12 Farmer Fayette Co. Ky. 63 68 \ Laura Aveitt 12 Wife of Charles A. Hall Macon Co. 111. 68 j Henry, John N. it 24 Farmer & Stock Raiser Lincoln Co. Kv. 68 57 \ M. A. Dunlap ii 24 Wife of John N. Henry (( ti 68 52 Hillinger. James it 10 Farmer & Stock Raiser Ohio. 65 38 Emery Hillinger it 10 “ “ “ ii 65 35 Hiram Hillinger Dec’d Dec. 26, ’72 Father of James aod E. Hillinger ii 65 35 Catherine Wikel Niantic 10 Widow of II. Hillinger Virginia 77 05 Jones, J. W. ti Niantic Blacksmith, Horse Shoer and Wagon Kentucky 68 65 Margaret Jones a a Wife of J. W. Jones. 68 00 C. D. Jones a it Clork in Post Office and son of J. W. ii 68 55 Wm. C. Jones “ a Of the Firm of Jones & Son tt 68 11 Kizer. John S. it Sec. 10 Farmer & Stock Raiser Illinois 65 Elizabeth Dingman a 10 Wife of John S. K'zer 50 49 Mary A. Kizer ti ii Daughter of J. S. Kizer it 67 29 j Benjamin M. Kizer ti a Son of “ “ “ it 69 33 | Minnie A. Kizer ti a Daughter of “ “ “ ti 78 25 J Pritchett, Thos. A. ii Niantic Merchant Bourbon Co. Kv 56 68 \ Marv E. Ingles ti “ Wife of T. A. Pritchett it *i 56 68 ( Pritchett, J. W. it Sec. 12 Farmer & Stock Raiser it it 64 64 [Sarah J. Ingles a 12 Wife of J. W. Pritchett it tt 64 64 ( Rice, J H. “ Niantic Physician & Surgeon Adams Co. HI. 75 50 1 Mary L. St. Clair n “ Wife of J. H. Rice Sangamon Co. III. To 66 Richardson, C. B. i» ii Jewelry, Drugs, Notions & Musical Spencer Co. K v 77 56 Seelig, Abraham ‘‘ Carpenter & Builder. Bla *kfd Co. Ind 68 60 / Simpson, Emmet W. 1 Jennie Clavpool it Sec. 22 Farmer & Stock Raiser Logan Co. Ill 80 50 it 22 Wife of F. IV. Simpson Morgan Co. Ill 80 46 / Wright, Thomas [lliopolis 21|Farmer & Stock Raiser Scotland 75 61 \ Catherine E. Simpson ii 21 Wife of Thomas Wright St. Clair Co. TIL 75 241 WHITMORE TOWNSHIP. NAME. P. OFFICE. RE^ID. OCCUPATION. NATIVITY. a ! H j f Betzer, Geo. W. Oreana Sec. 13 f armer and Stock Raiser Ohio 41 1 Catherine Coleman “ 13 Wife of Geo. W. Betzer ll 41 ( Florev, David Decatur 21 Farmer and Stock Raiser Wythe Co. Va. 25 -J Isabella Wright Deed 1839 First wife of D. Florey Montg’v “ “ 28 1 Rachel Rittenhouse Decatur Sec. 21 Present “ “ Harrison" “ 34 1 Green, Joshua “ 31 Farmer and Stock Raiser England 64 \ Anna Dodson “ 31 Wife of Joshua Green Green Co. 111. 64 J Harnsberger, Geo. G. It 19 Farmer and Breeder of Fine Horses Clark Co Ohio 65 \ Marv Ann Scott ll 19 Wife of Geo. G. Harnsberger Kentucky 65 J Kirbv, Richard Oreana 1 1 Far. Sl’k rais. & Superv'r Delaware 08 ( Sophia I. Ruddock “ 14 Wife of Richard Kirby Illinois 68 J Magee, John Decatur 29 Farmer and Stock Raiser Delaware 41 | Elizabeth Norris ll 29 Wife of John Magee Scioto Co. Ohio 41 ( Miles, Samuel T. Oreana 21 Blacksmith Pennsylvania 56 t Mary Ann Hess il Wife of Samuel T. Miles “ 56 J Petzer. Anthony L. ll 13 Farmer and Stock Raiser Ohio 41 1 America Smith ll 13 Wife of A. L. Petzer Illinois 65 ) Rav, Joseph u 0 Farmer and Stock Raiser “ 42 1 Rav, David i Forsythe 6 Farmer and Stock Raiser- ll 47 l Ratnev, C. P. Oreana f Farmer and Stock Raiser St. Clair Co. Ill 67 \ L. C. Irwin “ 8 Wife of C. P. Rainey 1 “ 67 ( Stiiart, 0. L. ll 1 -a Farmer, Stock Raiser & Town Clerk Decatur, 111. 33 t Elizabeth Kile u 14 Wife of O. L. Stuart Ohio 44 J Stearnes, Joseph T. Decatur 31 Farmer and Breeder of Fine Horse.'- Massachusetts 57 t Martha £. Bower “ 31 Wife of Jos. T. Stearnes Kentucky 57 SOUTH MACON TOWNSHIP. J Bradlev, .T. J. Macon Sec. 2(3 Farmer & Stock Raiser Fnvland 58 t Rachael P. Tomlinson 2Gl Wife of J. J. Bradley St. Clair Co. Il 65 f Brenneman. Eli 30 Farmer & Stock Raiser Henry Co. Ind. 69 ( Mary A. Clouton 30; Wife of Eli Brenneman “ “ 71 f Coombe. John 23 Farmer & Stock Raiser England 51 t Mary E Wiley a 23 Wife of John (Joonrbe Delaware ll ( Davis, Thomas u 27 Farmer & Stock Raiser Washington Co., Pa. 48 t Margaret Rodgers ll 27 Wife of Thomas Davis u li 55 f Fleming, Geo. A. ll 2ti Farmer & Stock Kaiser 0 oshocton Co. O 76 1 Sarah Barstow ll 20 Wife of G. A. Fleming Licking Co. O. 76 J Fox, Thomas S. ll 30 Farmer & Stock Raiser Monroe Co. Ill )"! ( Mary T. Simpson 30 Wife of Thomas S. Fox Randolph Co 111 ,1 f Hopson, James 31 Farmer & Stock Raiser Herkimer Co N.Y. U I S. A. Fish il 34 Wife of James Hopson Saratoga, N. Y. 57 J Keller, I). P. 11 Farmer & Stock Raiser Fairfield Co. O. 69 ( Rebecca McFarland 11 Wife of I). P. Kellar It it 69 McDonald. R. A. H. ll 21 Lawyer Tennessee 62 J Proctor, Hugh “ 30 Farmer & Stock Raiser England 65 1 Dorcas Smith 30 Wife of Hugh Proctor St. Clair Co. 111. 65 J Richardson, William It 22 Farmer & Stock Raiser England 41 1 Sul vena Hulrick 22 Wife of Win. Richardson Germany 30 J Shaw, R. W. Macon Physician & Surgeon New York 78 1 Sophrona Peabody It Wife of Dr. R. W. Shaw Warren Co. III. 78 f Warren, M. G. ll Sec. 6 Farmer & Stock Raiser Rock Castle, Ky 61 \ Victoria E. Sheets ll 0 Wife of M. G. Warren Henderson Co. Ky 61 f Walker, J. W. “ 14 Farmnr, Feeder, Shipper aniddcn — General Law. 4 6. Liability of Bank stockholder. 6 7. S spensio i o f Specie Paymcn:. g 8. Ot a General Backing Law. ^ 9. Railroad Office — Books and Records. ^ 10. Personal Property of Kailroads. ^ 11. Consolidations Forbidden. £ 12. Railroa' s detmed Highways — Rates F.’xcd. 4 13. Stocks, Bon s and D vidends. 4 f 14. Power over exis'ing Companies, 4 15. Freight and P-ss..ngi.r Tariff reg lated. 3 1. Persons composing the Militia. I 3 4. Privilege from Arrest. \ 2. Organization— Equipment — Discipline. 3 5. Records, Banners and Relics. \ 3. Commissions of Officers. • \ 5 * Exempt on from militia duty. g I. The militia of the State of Illinois shall consist of all able-bodied male persons, resi- dent in the State, between the ages of eighteen and forty-five, except such persons as now are, or hereafter may be, exempted by the laws of the United States, or of this State. g 2. The general assembly, in providing for the organization, equipment and discipline of the militia, shall conform as nearly as practicable to the regulations for the government of the armies of the United States. \ 3. All militia officers shall be commissioned by the governor, and may hold their com- missions for such times as the general assembly may provide. g 4. The militia shall, in all cases, except treason, felony or breach of the peace, be privi- leged from arrest during their attendance at musters and elections, and in going to and re- turning from the same. 5. The military records, banners and relics of the State, shall be preserved as an endur- ing memorial of the patriotism and valor of Illinois, and it shall be the duty of the general assembly to provide by law for the safe keeping of the same. 6. No person having conscientious scruples against bearing arms, shall be compelled to do militia duty in time of peace : Provided, such person shall pay an equivalent for such ex- emption. ARTICLE XIII. WAREHOUSES. 1. What deemed Public Warehouses. 2. Sworn weekly statements required. 3. Examination of property stored. 4. Carriers to deliver full Weight. 5. Delivery of Grain by Railroads. 6 6. Power and Duty of the Legislature, g 7. Grain Inspection — Protection of Dealers. § 1. All elevators or storehouses where grain or other property is stored for a compensation, whether the property stored be kept separate or not, are declared to be public warehouses. (S 2. The owner, lessee or manager of each and every public warehouse situated in any town or city of not less than 100,000 inhabitants, shall make weekly statements under oath, before some officer to be designated by law, and keep the same posted in some conspicuous place in the office of such warehouse, and shall also file a copy for public examination in such place as shall be designated by law, which statement shall correctly set forth the amount and grade of each and every kind of grain in such warehouse, together with such other property as may be stored therein, and what warehouse receipts have been issued, and are, at the time of making such statement, outstanding therefor ; and shall, on the copy posted in the warehouse, note daily such changes as may be made in the quantity and grade of grain in such warehouse ; and the different grades of grain shipped in separate lots, shall not be mixed with inferior or superior grades, without the consent of the owner or consignee there- of. § 3. The owners of property stored in any warehouse, or holder of a receipt for the same, shall always be at liberty to examine such property stored, and all the books and records of the warehouse in regard to such property. $ 4. All railroad companies and other common carriers on railroads shall weigh or measure grain at points where it is shipped, and receipt for the full amount, and shall be responsible for the delivery of such amount to the owner or consignee thereof, at the place of destina- tion. $ 5. All railroad companies receiving and transporting grain in bulk or otherwise, shall deliver the same to any consignee thereof, or any elevator or public warehouse to which it may be consigned, provided such consignee, or the elevator or public warehouse can be reached by any track owned, leased or used, or which can be used, by such railroad com- panies ; and all railroad companies shall permit connections to be made with their track, so that any such consignee; and any public warehouse, coal bank or coal yard, may be reached by the cars on said railroad. $ 6. It shall be the duty of the general assembly to pass all necessary laws to prevent the issue of false and fraudulent warehouse receipts, and to give full effect to this article of the constitution, which shall be liberally construed so as to protect producers and shippers. And the enumeration of the remedies herein named shall not be construed to deny to the general assembly the power to prescribe by law such other and further remedies as may be found expedient, or to deprive any person of existing common law remedies. $ 7. The general assembly shall pass laws for the inspection of grain, for the protection of producers, shippers and receivers of grain and produce. ARTICLE XIV. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. 2 1. By a Constitutional Convention. | \ 2. Proposed by the Legislature. $ I. Whenever two-thirds of the members of each house of the general assembly shall, by a vote entered upon the journals thereof, concur that a convention is necessary to revise, alter or amend the constitution, the question shall be submitted to the electors at the next general election. If a majority voting at the election vote for a convention, the general assembly shall, at the next session, provide for a convention, to consist of double the num- ber of the members of the senate, to be elected in the same manner, at the same places, and in the same districts. The general assembly shall, in the act calling the convention, desig- nate the day, hour and place of its meeting, fix the pay of its members and officers, and provide for the payment of the same, together with expenses necessarily incurred by the con- vention in the performance of its duties. Before proceeding, the members shall take an oath to support the constitution of the United States, and of the State of Illinois, and to faith- fully discharge their duties as members of the convention. The qualification of members shall be the same as that of members of the senate, and vacancies occurring shall be filled in the manner provided for filling vacancies in the general assembly. Said convention shall meet within three months after such election, and prepare such revisions, alterations or amendments of the constitution as shall be deemed necessary, which shall be submitted to the electors for their ratification or rejection, at an election appointed by the convention for that purpose, not less than or more than six months after the adjournment thereof ; and un- less so submitted and approved by a majority of the electors voting at the election, no such revisions, alterations or amendments shall take effect. 2. Amendments to this constitution may be proposed in either house of the general as- sembly, and if the same shall be voted for by two-thirds of all the members elected to each of the two houses, such proposed amendments, together with the yeas and nays of each house thereon, shall be entered in full on their respective journals, and said amendments shall be submitted to the electors of this State for adoption or rejection, at the next election of members of the general assembly, in such manner as may be prescribed by law. The proposed amendments shall be published in full at least three months preceeding the election, and if a majority of electors voting at said election shall vote for the proposed amendments, they shall become a part of this constitution. But the general assembly shall have no power to propose amendments to more than one article of this constitution at the same session, nor to the same article oftner than once in four years. SEPARATE SECTIONS. IIBnois Central Railroad. I Municipal Subscription to Corporations. Illinois and Michigan Canal. No contract, obligation or liability whatever, of the Illinois Central Railroad Company, to pay any money into the State treasury, nor any lien of the State upon, or right to tax pro- perty of said company, in accordance with the provisions of the charter of said company, ap- proved Feb. 10, in the year of our Lord 1851, shall ever be released, suspended, modified, altered, remitted, or in any manner diminished or impaired by legislative or other authority ; and all moneys derived from said company, after the payment of the State debt, shall be ap- propriated and set apart for the payment of the ordinary expenses of the State government, and for no other purposes whatever. MUNICIPAL SUBSCRIPTIONS TO RAILROADS OR PRIVATE CORPORATIONS. No county, city, town, township or other municipality, shall ever become subscriber to the capital stock of any railroad or private corporation, or make donation to, or loan its credit in aid of such corporation : Provided, however, that the adoption of this article shall not be construed as affecting the right of any such municipality to make such subscriptions where the same have been authorized, under existing laws, by a vote of the people of such munici- palities prior to such adoption. CANAL. The Illinois and Michigan Canal shall never be sold or leased until the specific proposi- tion for the sale or lease thereof shall have first been submitted to a vote of the people of the State, at a general election, and have been approved by a majority of all the votes polled at such election. The general assembly shall never loan the credit of the State, or make appropriations from the treasury thereol, in aid of railroads or canals : Provided, that any surplus earnings of any canal may be appropriated for its enlargement or extension, SCHEDULE. i 1. Laws in force remain valid. ; ^ 4. Present county Courts continued. | 2. Fines, Penalties, and Forfeitures. fy 5. All existing Courts continued. | 3. Recognizances, Bonds, Obligations. J $ 6. Persons now in Office continued. That no inconvenience may arise from the alterations and amendments made in the constitution of this State, and to carry the same into complete effect, it is hereby ordained and declared : $ I. That all laws in force at the adoption of this constitution, not inconsistent therewith, and all rights, actions, prosecutions, claims, and contracts of th : s State, individuals, or bodies corporate, shall continue to be as valid as if this constitution had not been adopted. g 2. That all fines, taxes, penalties and forfeitures, due and owing to the State of Illinois under the present constitution and laws, shall insure to the use of the people of the State of Illinois, under this constitution. 3. Recognizances, bonds, obligations, and all other instruments entered into or executed before the adoption of this constitution, to the people of the State of Illinois, to any State or county officer or public body, shall remain binding and valid; and rights and liabilities upon the same shall continue, and all crimes and misdemeanors shall be tried and punished as though no change had been made in the constitution of this State. g 4. County courts for the transaction of county business in counties not having adopted township organization, shall continue in existence and exercise their present jurisdiction until the board of county commissioners provided in this constitution is organized in pur- suance of an act of the general assembly ; and the county courts in all other counties shall have the same power and jurisdiction they now possess until otherwise provided by general law. $ 5. All existing courts which are not in this constitution specially enumerated, shall con- tinue in existence and exercise their present jurisdiction until otherwise provided by law. $ 6. All persons now filling any office or appointment shall continue in the exercise of the duties thereof according to their respective commissions or appointments, unless by this constitution it is otherwise directed. ************** \ 18. All laws of the State of Illinois, and all official writings, and the executive, legisla- tive and judicial proceedings, shall be conducted, preserved and published in no other than the English language. g 19. The general assembly shall pass all laws necessary to carry into effect the provisions of this constitution. $ 20. The circuit clerks of the different counties having a population over sixty thousand, shall continue to be recorders (ex-officio) for their respective counties, under this constitu- tion, until the expiration of their respective terms. \ 21. The judges of all courts of record in Cook County shall, in lieu of any salary pro- vided for in this constitution, receive the compensation now provided by law until the ad- journment of the first session of general assembly after the adoption of this constitution. g 22. The present judge of the circuit court of Cook county shall continue to hold the circuit court of Lake county until otherwise provided by law. I 23. When this constitution shall be adopted, and take effect as the supreme law of the State of Illinois, the two-mill tax provided to be annually assessed and collected upon each dollar’s worth of taxable property, in addition to all other taxes, as set forth in article fifteen of the now existing constitution, shall cease to be assessed after the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy. § 24. Nothing contained in this constitution shall be so construed as to deprive the genera assembly of the power to authorize the city of Quincy to create any indebtedness for rail- road or municipal purposes, for which the people of said city shall have voted, and to which they shall have given, by such vote, their assent, prior to the thirteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine : Provided, that no such indebtedness, so created, shall in any part thereof be paid by the State, or from any State revenue, tax or fund, but the same shall be paid, if at all, by the said city of Quincy alone, and by taxes to be levied upon the taxable property thereof: And provided, further , that the general assembly shall have no power in the premises that it could not exercise under the present constitution of this State. § 25. In case this constitution and the articles and sections submitted separately be adopt- ed, the existing constitution shall cease in all its provisions ; and in case this constitution be adopted, and any one or more of its articles or sections submitted separately be defeated , the provisions of the existing constitution (if any) on the same subject shall remain in force. (1 26. The provisions of this constitution required to be executed prior to the adoption or rejection thereof shall take effect and be in force immediately. Done in convention at the capital, in the city of Springfield, on the thirteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy, and of the inde- pendence of the United States of America the ninety-fourth. In witness whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names : CHARLES HITCHCOCK, President. William J. Allen, Robert A. King, John Abbott, Jas. McCoy, James C. Allen, Charles E. McDowell, Elliott Anthony, William C. Goodhue, Wm. R. Archer, Joseph Medill, Henry I. Atkins, Clifton If. Moore, James G. Bayne, Jonathan Merriam, R. M. Benjamin, Joseph Parker, II. P. H. Brownwell, Samuel C. Parks, O. H. Browning, Peleg S. Perley, Wm. G. Bowman, J. S. Poage, Silas L. Bryon, Edward Y. Rice, H. P. Buxton, James P. Robinson, Daniel Cameron, Lewis W. Ross, William Cary, William P. Pierce, Lawrence S. Church, N. J. Pillsbury, Hiram H. Cody, Jno. Scholfield, W. F. Coolbaugh, James M. Sharp, Alfred M. Craig, Henry Sherrell, Robert J. Cross, Wm. H. Snyder, Samuel P. Cummings, O. C. Skinner, John Dement, Westel W. Sedgwick, G. S. Eldridge, Charles F. Springer, James W. English, John L. Tincher, David Ellis, C. Truesdale, Ferris Forman, Flenry Tubbs, Jesse C. Fox, Miles A. Fuller, John P. Gamble, Addison Goodell, John C. Haines, Elijah M. Haines, John W. Hankins, R. P. Hanna, Joseph Hart, Abel Harwood, Milton Hay, Samuel Snowden Hayes, Jesse S. Hildrup, Attest : — John Q. Harmon, Secretary. Thomas J. Turner, Wm. H. Underwood, Wm. L. Vandeventer Henry W. Wells, George E. Wait, George W. Wall, R. B. Sutherland, D. C. Wagner, George R. Wendling, Chas. Wheaton, L. D. Whiting, John H. Wilson, Orlando H. Wright. Daniel Shepard, First Assistant Secretary. A. H. Swain, Second Assistant Secretary . UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, STATE OF ILLINOIS. Office of Secretary. I, George H. Harlow, Secretary of the State of Illinois, do hereby certify that the foregoing is a true copy of the constitution of the State of Illinois adopted in convention the 13th day of May, 1870, 'ratified by a vote of the people the 2th day of July, 1870, and in force on the 8th (lay of Aug 1st, 1870, and now on file in th s office. In testimony whereof I hereto set my hand and affix the Great Seal of State, at the city of Springfield, this 31st day of March, A. D. 1873. GEO. H. HARLOW, Secretary of State. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal ; that they are en- dowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights ; that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed ; that, whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abol- ish it, and to institute a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and, accordingly, all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under ab- solute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these colonies, and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former systems of govern- ment. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these States. To prove this let facts be submitted to a candid world: He has refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. He has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained ; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the legislature ; a right inestima- ble to them, and formidable to tyrants only. He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly for opposing, with manly firmness, his invasions on the rights of the people. He has refused, for a long time after such dissolution, to cause others to be elected ; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exercise; the State remaining, in the meantime, exposed to all the danger of invasion from without, and convulsions within. He has endeavored to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose, obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the conditions of new appropriations of lands. He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent to laws for estab- lishing, judiciary powers. He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries. He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance. He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies, without the consent of our legislature. He has affected to render the military independent of, and superior to, the civil power. He has combined, with others, to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws ; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation. For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us. For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment, for any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these States. For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world : For imposing taxes on us without our consent : For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury : For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offences : For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighboring province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries, so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these colonies : For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering fundament- ally, the powers of our governments : For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection, and waging war against us. He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people. He is, at this time, transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the work of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun, with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation. He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands. He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to^bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions. In every stage of these oppressions, we have petitioned for redress, in the most humble terms ; our repeated petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time, of attempts made by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdic- tion over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them, by the ties of our common kindred, to disavow these usurpations, which would inevit- ably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They, too, have been deaf to the voice of justice and consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war, in peace, friends. We, therefore, the representatives of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, in GEN- ERAL CONGRESS assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the World for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name, and by the authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, FREE AND INDEPENDENT STATES; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is, and ought to be, totally dissolved ; and that, as FREE AND INDEPENDENT STATES, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which INDEPENDENT STATES may of right do. And, for the support of this declaration, and a firm reliance on the protection of DIVINE PROVIDENCE, we mutually pledge to each other, our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. JOHN HANCOCK. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the generrl welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. ARTICLE I. Section i. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. Section 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several States, and the electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be deter- mined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United btates, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hamphsire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providmce Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia, ten, North Carolina five, and Georgia three. When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the Executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. Section 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six years ; and each Senator shall have one vote. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the fir>t class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expira- tion of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one- third may be chosen every second year ; and if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhab- itant of that State for which he shall be chosen. The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the office of President of the United States. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose they shall he on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside. And no person shall be convicted without the con- currence of two-thirds of the members present. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust or profit under the United States : but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment and punishment according to law. Section 4. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Senators and Represent- atives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by law, make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. Q The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day. Section 5. Each house shall be the judge of the election, returns and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business ; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members in such manner, and under such penalties as each house may provide. Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behaviour, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other adjourn lor more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. Section 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for their ser- vices, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, felony and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and return- ing from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either house they shall not be questioned in any other place. No Senator or Representative shall, during the lime for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time; and no person holding any office under the United States, shall be a member of either house durin- his continuance in office. Section 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall before it becomes a law, be presented to the President of the United States; if he approve’ he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it with his objections to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by”which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that House, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined ’bv yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President wilhin ten days (Sundays excepted), after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. Every order, resolution or vote to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of Rep- resentatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment), shall be presented tn the President of the United States ; and before the same shall take effect, shad be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. Section 8. The Congress shall have power — To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States ; but all duties, imports and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States ; To borrow money on the credit of the United States ; To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes. ; _ To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankrupt- cies throughout the United States; To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures ; To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States ; To establish post-offices and post-roads ; To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries- To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court ; To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offences against the law of nations ; To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water ; To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years; To provide and maintain a navy ; To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces ; To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insur- rections and repel invasions ; To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the States, respectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the milita according to the discipline prescribed by Congress. To exercise legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square), as may by the cession of particular States and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the Legislature of the State in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards and other needful buildings and’ To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. Section 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States now exist- ing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importa- tion, not exceeding ten dollars for each persons. The privileges of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid unless in proportion to the census, or enu- meration herein before directed to be taken. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any State. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one State over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to, or from one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury-, but in consequence of appropriations made by law ; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States; and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign State. Section 10. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque or reprisal ; coin money : emit bills of credit ; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any' bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law im- pairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws, and I the net produce of all duties and imposts laid by any State on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another State, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent j danger as will not admit of delay. ARTICLE II. diction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations as the Congress shall make. 6 . Ti h t tr i al ° f . all L cri “es, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury ; and such trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Confess may by law have directed. ° 3 Section 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act or on confession in open court. ’ The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture except during the life of the person attainted. 33 Section i. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hol t his office during the term of four years, and, together with the Vice President chosen for the same term, be elected as follows ; Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a number of electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress ; but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector. [*The electors shall meet in their respective States and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a list of all persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each ; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the Presi- dent, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed ; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President ; and if no person have a majority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the vote shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose, shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President, the person having the greatest number of votes of the electors shall be the Vice President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice President.] The Congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes ; which day shall be the same throughout the United States. No pesron except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President ; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation erinability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a President shall be elected. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States, or any of them. Before he enter on the execution of his office he shall take the following oath or affirma- tion : “ I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Con- stitution of the United States.” Section 2. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States, when called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the Executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, ohter public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose appoint- ments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law ; but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next sessions. Section 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient ; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper ; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commis- sion all the officers of the United States. Section 4. The President, Vice President and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. ARTICLE III. Section a. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time o-dain and establish. The judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good be- haviour, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. SECTION 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority ; — to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls; — to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; — to controversies to which the United States shall be a party; — to controversies between two or more States; — between a State and citizens of another State ; — between citizens of different States ; — between citi- zens of the same State claiming lands under grants of different States, and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens or subjects. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which a State shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate juris- ARTICLE IV. Section i. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts records and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general laws pre- senbe the manner in which such acts, records and proceedings shall be proved and the effect thereof. Section 2. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens m the several States. A person charged in any State with treason, felony or other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in another State, shall on demand of the Executive authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime. 0 J No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on the claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. Section 3. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union ; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State : nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needfnl rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States ; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular State. Section 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion, and on application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against do- mestic violence. ARTICLE V. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress. Provided that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article; and that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. , ARTICLE VI. All debts contracted and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this Constitu- tion, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several State Legislatures, and all Executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation, to support this Constitution • but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States. ARTICLE VII. The ratification of the Conventions of nine States shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the same. Done in Convention by the unanimous consent of the States present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America, the twelfth. In Witness Whereof, We have hereunto subscribed our names. New Hampshire. John Langdon, Nicholas Gilman. Massachusetts. Nathaniel Gorham, Rufus King. Connecticut. Wm. Saml. Johnson, Roger Sherman. New York. Alexander Hamilton. New Jersey. Wil. Livingston, Wm. Patterson, David Brearly, Jona. Dayton. GEO. WASHINGTON, President and Deputy from Virginia. Pennsylvania. B. Franklin, Robt. Morris. Tho. Fitzsimons, James Wilson, Thomas Mifflin, Geo. Clymer, ared Ingersoll, Gouv. Morris. Delaware. Geo. Read, John Dickinson, Jaco. Broom, Gunning Bedford, Jr., Richard Bassett. Virginia. John Blair, James Madison, Jr. Maryland. James M’ Henry, Danl. Carroll, Dan. of St. Thos. Jenifer. North Carolina. Wm. Blount, Hu. Williamson, Rich’d Dobbs Spaight. South Carolina. J. Rutledge, Charles Pinckney, Ciias. Cotesworth Pinckney, Pierce Butler. Georgia. William Few, Abr. Baldwin. ♦This clause within brackets has been superceded and annulled by the J2th amendment. Attest : WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. Proposed by Congress , and ratified by the Legislatures of the several Slates, pursuant to the fifth article of the original Constitution. ARTICLE I. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press ; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. ARTICLE II. A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. ARTICLE III. No soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. ARTICLE IV. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, pap_ers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. ARTICLE V. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment by a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger ; nor shall any per son be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. ARTICLE VI. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him ; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. ARTICLE VII. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. ARTICLE VIII. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted. ARTICLE IX. The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. ARTICLE X. S' The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. ARTICLE XI. The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. ARTICLE XII. The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for President and Vice President, one of whom at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with them- selves; they shall name in their ballots the person to be voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the persons voted for as Vice President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice President, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest number not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other Constiiutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice President, shall be the Vice President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person Constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice President of the United States. ARTICLE XIII. Section i. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a puuishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. ARTICLE XIV. Section i. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the ju- risdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States ; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty or property without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Section 2. Representatives shall be appointed among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed ; but when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a State or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged except for participation in rebellion or other crimes, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office civil or military, under the United States or under any State who, having previously taken an oath as a Member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State Legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability. Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for sendees in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in the aid of insurrection or rebel- lion against the United States, or any loss or emancipation of any slave, but such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void. Section 5. The Congress shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. ARTICLE XV. Section i. The rights of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.