llltpli ••>'^'v;§5 ''<';^;ix-S ‘av* v\v-\v «ii P» »#* ^K« «S}^''S0 PREFACE. Tliis volume, conceriiiiig’ the Avork of American Baptists through the American Baptist Home Mission Society, contains the Annual Report of the Executive Board, showing the extent and character of the Society’s operations during its fiftieth year; a stenographic report of the proceedings and addresses of the Jubilee meeting in New York city; a full historical sketch of the Society; also, historical tables giving for each State, Territory, etc., the names of the mission stations for tift}^ 3'ears, and names of missionaries laboring therein, together with date of the commencement and the duration of their services; also a numerical missionary table for each State and each year, and other valuable tables concerning the growth of the denom¬ ination; the numbers and distribution by States of the native and the foreign born, and of the white and the colored populations for the whole country. The volume has been jn’epared in the midst of ui^- remitting attention to the Society’s extended affairs, so that the pro¬ gress of the work has been frequently interrupted for weeks together and its publication unavoidably delayed. The original intention Avas to devote about fifty pages to the historical sketch. A more thor¬ ough treatment, hoAvever, was deemed necessary, in order to make it of real value for reference; hence its groAvth to thirty-one chapters of two hundred and fifty pages. An occasional repetition of a state¬ ment has its explanation in the design to make each chapter or each topic treated comjfiete in itself. The historical tables have required great labor, and, so far as we have knoAvledge, are the only tabulation of this sort by any missionary organization. 4 Before going to press the historical sketch lias received the careful attention of a competent committee appointed by the Board. It would be remarkable if, in a volume containing thousands of dates, names, and figures, no mistake whatever should occur, though gi-eat pains have been taken to secure accuracy. The author expresses his apiireciation of the valuable services of the Assistant Corresponding Secretary, W. W. Bliss, Esq., and of the kindness of others who have placed at his disposal original material or otherwise aided in the ])reparation of the work. This slight contribution to American Bap¬ tist history, as related to the work of the Home Mission Society, is now sent forth with the hope on the part of the Executive Board and their servant, the Corresponding Secretary, that it may awaken in the denomination a deeper and more intelligent interest in the evangeli¬ zation of this land, whose influence with every passing year becomes more potent in the world’s affairs. Henry L. IMorehouse, Corj'espoji ding Sec retar y. New York, April, 188A CONTENTS. I.—FIFTIETH ANNUAL REPOKT. The Society’s Tliree-folcl Work—Obituary—Financial results—The Jubilee offerings—Classified missionary table—Extent of work—General results - Kelative claims of fields —District Secretaries—Women’s Home Mission Societies—The Society and State Conventions—Co-operation—^Western Missions—Chinese—Indians—Mexico—Germans— Scandinavians — As¬ pects of Work among Foreigners — The Freedmen—Church Edifice Work—Eeview of fifty years—The next fifty years.9-44 IT—FIFTIETH ANNUAL MEETING. FIRST SESSION. Address of Welcome by John Peddie, D. D.—Address of President J. L. Howard—Presentation of gavel from California Convention by G. S. Abbott, D. D.—The Year’s Work; W. M. Haigh, D. D.—Eeport of Com¬ mittee on Obituaries: H. S. Burrage, D. D.—Report of Committee on Work among the Indians; T. J. Morgan, D.D.— Report of Committee of Arrangements and Order of Exercises—Discussion upon Work among the Indians; Nathanial Potts, (Wal-le-lu); Standing Bear; Captain R. H. Pratt. .45-G8 SECOND SESSION. Work among the Colored People—Report of Committee on Work among Freedmen; H. L. Wayland, D. D.—Claims of this Work on the Baptists of America; T. C. Teasdale, D. D.—Twenty I’^ears of the Society’s Work among the Colored People; J. B. Simmons, D. D.—What the Colored People are doing for themselves; Rev. Win. J. Simmons—What remains to be done; T. J. Morgan, D. D.—Remarks; F. A. Douglas; H. Stewart— Memorial to the President and Congress on Indians.69-95 THIRD SESSION. Report of Committee on Chinese Missions; H. M. King, D. D. — Letter of Fung Chak—The Christian View of the Chinese Question, G. S. Abbott, D. D.; J. B. Thomas, D. D.; A. K. Potter, D. D.; W. W. Boyd, D. D.; D. G. Corey, D. D.; D. B. Cheney, D. D.; Rev. J. C. Baker; Rev. J. Q. A. Henry—Report of Committee on Missions among Foreign Populations; G. W. Lasher, D. D.—The French in New England; Rev. J. N. Williams —Unification of the Work among Foreign Populations; Rev. J. S. Gu- belmann.96-128 FOUllTH SESSION. The Problem before American Christians —its solution: Prof. II. M. Schaffer; llev. A. F. Mason; Kev. J. C. Grimmell; G. W. Lasher, D. I).—Keport on Mexican Missions: Rev, W. II. Sloan — Duty of American Raptists to Mexico: O. C. Pope, D. D.—Report on Western Missions: T. Edwin Brown, D. D.—Growth and Demands of the Field: Wm. Cary Crane, D. D. —Schools in Utah and the South West: S. W. Duncan, D.D.; Rev, W. C. Van Meter; Rev. A. Blackburn; Rev. Edw. Ellis; Rev. W. Whitney; Rev. Dwight Spencer; Rev. J. W. Riddle .129-164 FIFTH SESSION. Church Edifice Work—Report of Committee: Z. Grenell, D.D.—Our Church Edifice Work: John H. Deane, Esq.—Claims of the Church Edifice Work: P. S. Henson, D. D.—The Means for Church Edifice Work: Rev. H. A. Delano—Christian Investment of money in Chiirch Edifices: Wm. M. Lawrence, D. D.165-186 SIXTH SESSION. Jubilee Exeecises. The Retrosi)ect: T. C. Teasdale, D. D.; Joel IMarble, Esq.; Wm Hague, D. D.; Rev. J. Clement; Rev. S. Chase; PharcellusChurch, D. D. --Results of Home Mission Work for Fifty Years: Lemuel Moss, 1). D. — Addresses from representatives of nationalities: Kev. G. A. Schulte;Rev. O. Lindh; Rev. A. L. Therrien; Rev. Pablo Rodriguez; Chu Yow; Wal-le-lu; Rev. J. O. Crosby—Jubilee Hymn. .187-221 SEVENTH SESSION.' Jubilee Exercises. Addresses by representatives of different sections—Southern States: Rev. G. A. Nunallj"—The North Atlantic States: G. W. Bosworth, D. D.— Wes¬ tern States: D. B. Cheney, D. D.—The I’acific slope: Rev. J. C. Baker— Dominion of Canada: J. H. Castle, D. D.—The Work before us: W. D. Mayfield, D. D. — Our Forces and Resources for the Work: Hon. James Buchanan—Representatives of Conventions: J. Broadus, 1). 1).; H. H. Tucker, D. D.; C. C. Chaplin, D. D.; Rev. J. C. jMaple; Rev. H. N. Bouey; C, C. Bitting, D. D.;—Jubilee Hymn.222-258 EIGHTH SESSION. Jubilee Exercises. Jubilee Address; The Lessons of fifty Years: Martin B. Anderson, LL. D.— Jubilee Poem; Patria Nostra Christo: Sidney Dyer, Ph. D.—Jubilee Hymn .259-285 Members and Delegates in Attendance . .286-290 III.—HISTORICAL SKETCH. CHAPTEK. I. Home Mission Beginnings .291-296 II. Fifty Years Ago . .297-301 7 CHAPTER. III. The Forerunner of the Society, John M. Peck, D. D.302-306 IV. The Organization of the Society.307-312 V. The Founder of the Society, Jonathan Going, D. D.313-322 VI. The Viewsand Spirit of the early Managers.323-326 VII. Early Missionary Operations of the Society.327-335 VIII. Growth of the Society’s Work. . 336-345 IX. Benjamin Hill, D. D.346-350 X. Mechanism and Methods.351-365 XI. Jay S. Backus, D. D.366-369 XII. The Church Edifice Work of the Society.370-381 XIII. E. E. L. Taylor, D. D. 382-385 XIV. Labors of Baptists for the Negro in America before 1862.386-395 XV. First Work of the Freedmen.396-401 XVI. Work among the Freedmen—The New Era..402-409 XVII. The Freedmen—The Work Established.410-422 XVIII. The Society and Southern Baptists. .423-433 XIX. James B. Simmons, D. D. 434-437 XX. gcHOOLS .438-461 XXl! Nathan Bishop, LL. D.462-465 XXII. Foreign Populations in America.466-471 XXIII. Missions among the Germans.472-475 XXIV. Missions among the Scandinavians . 476-479 XXV. Missions among the French.480-484 XXVI. Missions to the Chinese in America.485 490 XXVII. Missions in Mexico and to the Spanish-speaking Pop¬ ulations OF THE South-west.491-497 XXVHI. Missions AMONG THE Indians .498-509 XXIX. Sewall S. Cutting, D. D.510-513 XXX. Woman’s Work in Home ]\Iissions.514-523 XXXI. General Beview. .524-540 IV.—ADDENDA. Home Mission Publications.541-542 Home Mission Booms.542-544 Charter of the Society.545 Constitution of the Society • • • •.546 Officers and Managers from 1832 to 1882.547-549 Officers of the Society and Board, 1882.550 Table of Comparative Besults.551 Table of Distribution of Missionaries by States.552-553 Table of Denominational Progress. .554-555 Table of Population by Bace and Nativity.556 V.—HISTOEJCAL TABLE. 557-619 ■ ' • I t t *1 « . J s / * \ 0 / \ ■ N f J »- • .v*"" 18 3 3 18 8 3 . T H i: i' mei|icnn ||ome J|iBsioii jodi^ig. FIFTIETH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE BOARD. Presented at J\'ew Yorh, May 2Jf, 1882. The great object of the American Ba]Dtist Home Mission Society is ‘‘ to promote tlm greayhing qfjfche Gospel in North America.” God has ordained that through the preaching of the Gospel, by those whom he calls to this service, men shall be saved. He has set the seal of His approval on the preaching of the Gospel as the pre¬ eminent agency for the evangelization of mankind. The consecrated servant of God, going to men who Avill not read His word nor come to the light lest their deeds be reproved; gathering and shejiherding docks that without the watch-care of an under-shepherd languish; developing their spirituality; arousing them to active cooperation in seeking the lost; cultivating their benevolence for the conversion of those bej'ond their personal induence; such a man, instinct with the spirit of the Master, stands drst and foremost among the means for the salvation of men. To promote the preaching of the Gospel by sending and sustain¬ ing such missionaries among the weak and the destitute, is part of the Society’s work. “How shall they hear without a preacher? And how shall they preach except they be sent ? ” And how shall they be sent but by a society which gives exclusive attention to the wants of its held, and, as the executive of those interested, receives and ap¬ propriates their offerings for this purpose ? Again, the preaching of the Gospel is promoted by the erection of houses of worship within whose undedled and peaceful wails congre¬ gations gather to hear the preacher. A stated place for preaching and praj’^er ever has been, ever will be, an indispensable condition of 10 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. the highest perinaneiit results ; hence the Society’s Church Edifice work is the right arm of its missionary operations. Again, the preaching of the Gospel is promoted by the training of men for the work of the ministry. Where organized and effective I * . p agencies for this purpose already exist, the Society does nothing in this direction; but among those who, like the Freedmen and the In¬ dians, have no such 2 :)rovision for securing a qualified ministry and are unable to furnish it, the Society must do this work, else the re¬ ligious teachers will be the blind leading the blind, and a distorted and grotesque Christianity be the result. Coujfied with our Lord’s last command to jireacli was that to teach. But how shall men teach unless they first l^e taught? And how shall they be taught unless Christian instructors and facihties be furnished ? This trijile service, sanctioned by its constitution and apju’oved by the denomination, has been jierformed by the Society, during the past yeai’, on a scale hitherto unknown in the fifty years of its his¬ tory. With devout thanksgiving to God for the blessings of the year, does the Board herewith submit the Fiftieth Annual Bei^oid to the Society and to the multitude of friends and sujq^orters through whose confidence and cooperation so great things have been accom¬ plished. OBITUARY. While the vear has been crowned with mercies it has also brought man}" bereavements. Thirteen Life Directors and twenty-seven Life Members have died since the last annual meeting. Their names ap¬ pear elsewhere. Among them is the name of Hon. William Stickney, who for two years was President of the Society. He was a broad¬ minded, large-heaiied Christian gentleman, who was honored, not only by the denomination, but by the Government, with important trusts. It is a singular circumstance that in four successive years, four eminent brethren who have been Corresponding Secretaries of the Society have jiassed away : Dr. Backus in 1879; Dr. Bisho}) in 1880; Dr. Hill in 1881; and Dr. S. S. Cutting, Feb. 7th, 1882. Few men have been longer or more in’ominently identified with denominational affairs than Dr. Cutting, who, from the Fall of 1876 until his resig¬ nation in 1879, devoted himself with great assiduity to the duties of the Secretaryshi}) of the Society. He was conspicuous in our deliber¬ ations and will be greatly missed in this gathering. Among others widely known are the names of W. T. Brantly, D.D., V. R. Hotchkiss, D.D., Aaron Perkins, D.D., E. J. Goodspeed, D.D., Rev. J. O. Ma- REPORT OF THE BOARD.-FINANCIAL RESULTS. 11 eon, Rev. Jolin Quincy Adams, Hon. Jesse Bishop, Peter Balen, Esq., and George E. Davis, Esq. As officers and members of this Society, in the ministry, on the judicial bench, in political life, in the professions and the various branches of business, as well as in private life, these dejDarted ones exerted a great influence for God—an influence which dies not with their removal. May the memory of their virtues be a sanctifying power, the memory of their achievements an inspiration to us to-day. The workers come, the workers go—the work goes on forever. And here, too, it seems fitting that a Society, which seeks the puri¬ fication of the nation through Christian influences, should formally record its deep sorrow at the loss, by an execrable deed, of a noble Christian ally, in the person of the late President of the United States; at the same time expressing the hope and offering the prayer that he who now occupies this high position—the son of an honored minister of our faith, whose name stands connected with the Society’s transac¬ tions—may be kept and guided, so that the people of this land ‘'may lead a tranquil and quiet life in all godliness and gravity.” FINANCIAL RESULTS. The financial results of the year are as follows : general receipts, exclusive of Church Edifice loans repaid, $359,306.88. This is $124,273.94 more than the receipts of last year, which were the largest to that date in the history of the Society. Adding Church Edi¬ fice loans repaid, $56,312.81, makes the grand total $415,619.19. The following tables will show that the contributions from churches, Sunday-schools and individuals—that is, from living donors—are $226,055.51, or $117,106.02 over last year ; while the legacies are $50,160.31, or $15,623.28 more than last year. The conditional and permanent trust funds received are $31,541.44, being less than last year, $14,043.89. For Church Edifice work $54,927.31 have been received; $34,825.31 from contributions, $10,000.00 from legacies, $10,102.00 from interest on loans to churches and invested funds. Funds specially designated for Freedmen work amount to $46,927.81. The debt of $29,955.36, with which we began the year—the larger proportion of it a heritage of years standing—has been fully joaid ; the work of the Society on a scale far beyond anything previously done has been carried forward successfully, and the Treasurer reports a balance on hand for the general missionary work of the .Society for the coming year’s operations of $7,512.70. This is great reason for profound thanksgiving to God, who has so gloriously pros- 12 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. pered the Society’s work and given it so strong a place in the con- tidence and the Hyni 2 )athies of His people. 1. TABLE OF RECEIPTS.*—Classified to show from what sources derived. Churches, S. Schools and Individuals. 1 Legacies. Real E.s- tate and Invest¬ ments. Students in Schools. Miscella¬ neous. Int. from Church Edifice Loans. Church Edifice Loans Repaid. Total. 1881. J:l08,‘t49 49 1882.. 22f),055 51 $34,537 03 50,160 31 $7,452 85 16,168 86 $21,276 33 22,331 51 $7,118 71 7,048 34 » $10,112 70 $31,200 73 6,000 41 56,312 81 $220,647 84 384,077 75 2. TABLE OF RECEIPTS.*—Classified to show for what objects to be used. General Purposes. Freedmen Work and Schools. Board and Tuition in Schools. Sundry Designated Objects. Church Edi¬ fice Loan Fund. • Church Edifice Benevolent Fund. Total. 1881. 1882. $110,242 30 202,797 46 $35,974 06 46,927 81 $21,276 33 22,331 51 $1,820 08 780 85 $43,799 87 73,118 22 $7,635 20 38,121 90 $220,647 84 384,077 75 3. TABLE OF TRUST FUNDS.—Classified to show for what purposes held. General Purposes. Freedmen Work and Schools. Special Endow¬ ments. Payment of Annuities. Received During the Year. Church Edifice Loan Fund. Church Edifice Benev. Fund. 1881. 1882. $50,343 93 52,343 93 $28,069 64 30,798 63 ■ $18,832 75 18,895 20 $82,755 92 106,780 92 $45,585 33 31,541 44 $238,985 75 1 135,599 49 ' $6,773 90 1 127,184 47 ♦Exclusive of Trust Funds, as shown in Fifth Column of Third Table. The balance in the Treasury is less than should be found at the end of every year in order to avoid the necessity of borrowing largely during the Suinnier, when contributions reach the lowest point. Or¬ dinarily, from $25,000 to $40,000 have to be borrowed beHveen the first of June and the first of December. It is believed that the Soci¬ ety never began a year with so favorable a financial outlook. Con- tributors may now feel that their gifts do not go to pay off old debts, but to carry forward the work in hand and to do new work which must be taken up. An analysis of the receipts from contributors shows that the whole number of contributing churches in the New England District has been 423, in the New York District 473, in the Pennsylvania District 537, in the Lake District 269, and in the AVestern District, about 900 ; the whole number of churches in these districts being respec¬ tively, 926, 946, 722, 1,533 and 2,219. From several individuals very large contributions have been re¬ ceived, filling all hearts with thankfulness, relieving embaiTassments REPORT OF THE BOARD.-FINANCIAL RESULTS. 13 and giving- new inspiration to the work. There are no more broad¬ minded and conscientious givers than they, and these offerings may be regarded as their estimate of the im 2 )ortance of the work of Home Missions at this j^eriod in our country’s history, and, thus viewed, are well woidliy of the attention of others who are considering how they shall disj^ense their benevolent offerings. The i^rincijoal legacy has been from the Chilson estate, $25,000—of which $15,000 was apjilicable to general jiur^^oses and $10,000 went into the Church Edifice Loan Fund. During the year, fifty-seven legacies in whole or in ^^art have been received by the Society. Several wills have been contested and the intent of testators has been defeated to the amount of several thousand dollars. In several im¬ portant cases litigation is now jiending. Attention is called to this fact, that those who ju’O^^ose to devise or bequeath a jiortion of theii* possessions to the Society may be admonished concerning the care which should be exercised in the making of wills, both in reference to the name of the Society, and more j^articularl}’ in reference to the laws of the State regulating the length of time that a will must be made before the death of the testator, as well as the portion which may legally go for religious purposes. Frequent losses of this kind also suggest to those who are able to become their own executors, the wisdom of making a jiersonal disjoosition of their gifts during their life-time, rather than leave this to the unceidainties of the law, where technicalities and greed of gold often unite to defeat their cherished intentions. A safer way for many, who may need the income of their property for life, is to jilace their intended gifts in the Society’s trust, to receive a bond guaranteeing interest on it while they live, the 2 :)rin- cijial to go into the Society’s work at them death. A scale of interest graduated according to the ages of donors has been adopted by the Board. The whole amount of funds thus held and securely invested is $108,676.24 Though the increase of receqits has been so great, and the enlarge¬ ment of our work so marked, being in the former case 53 cent, more than last j^ear, and in the latter case 33 j)©!’ cent, more than last year ; yet the additional exjienses at the Rooms have been but a trifle more than last year, or than three years ago when the receijDts were less than one-half of what they have been this year, and when the work was not more than half as great. The exjienses of administra¬ tion, including extraordinary printing and 2 )ostal bills for the Jubilee Year, have been only four ]3er cent, of the Society’s receijits ; or, counting in the services of District Secretaries, whose attention is not 14 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. given to missionary fields, the whole* expense is hut seven per cent. No longer can it be said that it costs a- dollar to send a dollar to mis¬ sion arv fields. From cooperating States $18,361.09 have been received. This is about three times the amount contributed by the same States for missionary purposes three years ago, showing that the plan of cooperation has proved a great stimulus in the development of benevolence. THE JUBILEE OFFERINGS. A year ago the Society asked for $500,000 as a Jubilee Oftering to Home Missions. Owing to the unusual pressure of educational and other Avork at the Eooms in June, and throughout the Summer, as well as the comparative inattention to benevolence during most of that period, four months passed before the appeal was fairly brought to the notice of the denomination. And then, as the Corresponding Secretary Avas preparing to devote personal attention to the Avork of raising money, the Assistant Treasimer of the Church Edifice Fund and Recording Secretary of the Board was laid aside by sickness for nearly six months, thus throAving upon the Avorking force at the Rooms additional labors, Avhich Avith the unparalleled magnitude of the Society’s operations, compelled the closest and most incessant application to affairs of administration, rendering it almost impossible to engage in the Avork of raising funds, though documents Avere pre¬ pared for general distribution. Though $500,000 Avas not actually received by the Society, yet, through all channels, nearly this sum Avent into the Avork under its special care. General receipts of the Society.^359,306 38 Church Editice Loans repaid. 56,312 81 To Leland Uni\’ersity, for endowment. 25,000 00 “ “ “ “ building. 5,000 00 For tVayland Seminary building, not included in Treasurer’s ac¬ count . 4,771 18 For Medical building at Shaw University, not included in Treasurer’s account, about. 5,000 00 Value of books, clothing, etc., for Freedmen schools and mission¬ aries, about.... 3,000 00' Total.$458,390 37 Add conditional subscriptions for Endowment and Church Edifice Fund. 45,000 00 $503,390 37 The foregoing fairly represents the interest taken in Home Mission work Avith Avhich the Societv directh' has to do. c ^ REPORT OF THE BOARD.-EXTENT OF THE SOCIETy’s WORK. 15 In compliance with the wish of many who desire to have some part in the celebration of the Society’s semi-centennial, but whose usual offerings for Home Missions fall between May and October, it seems proper that the year, so broken in upon as stated, should be rounded out, and Jubilee Offerings be received for several months to come. Indeed, the special effort in some Western States will continue until after our fiscal year ends. From many of the churches which have been helped by the Society hearty Thank Offerings have been received, accompanied with benedictions on the Society for help in time of need. AU in all, the year has been a year of Jubilee ; a year of emancipation from a galling debt, a year of gladness to scores of new mission fields, a year of rejoicing over sixty-six houses of worship dedicated to God, a year of widespread spiritual refreshing among our mission churches. There is every reason to thank God and take courage for the future. CLASSIFIED TABLE OF MISSIONARIES, ETC., OF THE AMERICAN BAPTIST HOME MISSION SOCIETY. From 1870 to 1882. YEAR. t Total No. Missionaries & Teachers. Missionaries among Americans. Missionaries among Germans. Missionaries among Scan¬ dinavians. Missionaries among French. Missionaries among Mexicans. Missionaries among Indians. Missionaries among Freedmen. Missionaries among ! Chinese. 1 Schools. Teachers in Schools. Scholars in Schools. 1871.. 352 199 25 15 4 3 10 73 3 7 20 il- 1872. 424 265 29 14 7 4 7 75 4 7 19 831 1873 . 435 289 29 6 6 3 7 68 2 7 25 695 1874. 330 230 38 9 8 1 8 fl3 2 7 21 670 1875. 334 219 40 12 6 1 6 20 4 7 26 795 *1876 . 260 128 54 10 6 1 11 17 2 7 31 848 1877. 230 109 37 10 4 1 13 15 — 7 41 871 1878 . 215 100 32 11 4 _ 12 19 1 8 36 1,056 1879. .. . 236 108 32 15 4 10 21 2 8 44 1,041 1880. 281 158 36 18 5 _ 9 15 2 8 38 1,191 1881.'... 392 209 40 30 6 — 11 21 3 11 §72 1,649 1882. 513 292 46 41 9 2 12 21 1 13 §89 2,397 * The plan of cooperation in the States of New York, Michigan and Illinois, terminated in 1875, and 73 missionaries in these States were transferred to the care of their respective State Conventions. t Not including Secretaries and Agents. X The decrease of missionaries among the Freedmen after 1873 is largely accounted for by the fact that students were no longer commissioned as teachers and missionaries during their Summer vacations. § Including ten teachers of Government day-schools in Indian Territory. II Not reported. EXTENT OF THE SOCIETy’s WORK. The Society’s work is continental, extending into 46 States and Territories, including British Columbia and Mexico. From 48 States 16 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. .‘ind Territories, also from France, have contributions been received. The number of missionaries and teachers is 513, or 1‘21 more than last vear. The laborers have been distributed as follows : In the Eastern States, 12; in the Middle States, 18 ; in the Southern States, 120; in the Mestern States, including the Pacific Coast, 369. Representa¬ tives of four distinct races are to be found among these missionaries, and they have preached the Gos23el in nine different languages. RESULTS OF THE YEAr’s WORK. Weeks of labor. 16,523 Churches and out-stations supplied. 1,460 Sermons preached. 36,440 Prayer-meetings held. 20,183 Religious visits made. 81,862 Received by baptism. 1,675 Received by letter and experience. 2,387 Total church membership. 21,131 Churches organized. 75 Sunday-schools under care of missionaries. 819 Attendance at Sunday-schools. 38,575 Benevolent contributions reported.$14,275.01 RESULTS OF THE FIFTY YEARs’ WORK.f Numbers of Commissions to Missionaries and Teachers. 9,102 Weeks of service reported. 304,015 *Sermons preached. : . .... 781,876 *Prayer-meetings attended. 419,911 *Religious visits to families or individuals. 1,817,412 Persons baptized. 87,056 Churches organized. 2,838 ■^Average annual number of children in Sunday-schools. 14,072 * During last 42 years. t For revised results see Historical Table. RELATIVE CLAIMS OF FIELDS. The relative claims of the various interests receiving the Society’s attention have been carefully weighed in the work of the year. These vary with circumstances. No rigid rule can be adopted for every year. Area, of course, does not determine the matter. Nor yet do numbers determine it. The conditions and tendencies of the people have to be considered as chief factors in the case. By some it is thought that too little attention is given to the West, by others too little to the colored people of the South, by others too little to the foreign populations, by others too little to the Indians, by others too little to IMexico, etc., etc. The population of the missionary fields beyond the Mississippi is about 8,000,000; the colored pojmlation of the country is to-day about REPORT OF THE BOARD.-RELATIVE CLAIMS OF -FIELDS. 17 7,000,000; the foreio-n populations are nearly 8,000,000; while Mexico has about 10,000,000. In point of numbers there is no great dispar¬ ity here. But it would be impossible to expend judiciously as much on our work among the foreign born, or in Mexico, as upon the west¬ ern field, or among the colored people; largel}^ because the former are to a very limited extent, comparatively speaking, accessible to evangelical laborers, while the latter are anxious for them. Bevond t.' a certain development of interest in the former fields, expenditure of means would be wasteful. The harvest cannot be forced. Where interest exists along with lack of Christian privileges, there must be the stress. The order in which these fields rank in importance is thus re¬ garded: The western field, first; the southern field, second; the foreign population, third; Mexico, fourth. There is less difference, when all things are considered, between the western field and the southern field, than between the southern field and the third and fourth fields. The Church Edifice work, extending over all these fields, and equal in claim to any, is included in the foregoing estimates. In making appropriations from the General Missionary Funds of the Society, reference is had to this order; hence, frequently, applica¬ tions are regretfully declined, that Christian equity may be exercised toward all. Yet, it will be remembered that individuals may desig¬ nate large sums for jDarticular objects, as during the last year for School Buildings, or Church Edifice work, sums which the Society expends in accordance with their expressed wishes, but which should not properly be included in the comparison of expenditures for the regular work in these several fields. The expenditures for Western Missions, exclusive of Church Edifice work and funds designated, have been $74,493.06; for regular educa¬ tional and missionarv work in the South, exclusive of school build- ings, and payments made by students for board, room-rent, etc., and designated funds, $42,435.93; or, including such funds designated to liarticular schools, $56,478.83. If to the amount expended in the West be added $15,055.87, gifts for chui’ch edifices, and to the amount expended in the South $28,- 062.16 for school buildings, we have a total expenditure in the West of $89,099.76, and in the South of $84,540.99. Of the outstanding Church Edifice loans, $90,646.20 are in the West, and $10,237.38 among the colored churches in the South. The expenditures for work among foreign populations are $16,401,79; for work among the Indians, $3,663.58; for Mexican missions, $450. 18 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. DISTRICT SECRETARIES. The District Secretaries have been abundant in labors during the year. The increased interest in Home IVIissions is due very largely to their unremitting zeal. Not onlv larger contributions, but a much larger number of churches than ever before have made their offerings to Home Missions. The following summarv of results will be of interest. A. P. Mason, D.D., District Secretary—District ; New England States, reports : Number of churches in the district, 92G; total membership, 119,5()1; contributing churches, 423; amount of legacies and contributions, $84,899.73; increase over the previous year, $29,413.47; average per member, 71 cents. An increased interest in the work of Home Missions among the churches generally. C. P. Sheldon, D.D., District Secretary—District: New York State and Northern New Jersey, reports : Number of churches in the district, 946; total membership, 127,- 759; contributing churches, 473; amount of legacies and contribu¬ tions, $114,118.33—New York, $107,570.94, and North New Jersey, $6,547.39; increase of contributions over previous year, $80,505.74; average per member. New Jersey, 32 8-10 cents, New York, 93 2-10 cents; or, leaving out the large special contributions of two persons, 63 3-10 cents. A general growing interest in the work of the Home ^Mission Society. Thomas Swaim, D. D., District Secretary—District : Pennsylvania, Southern New Jersey, Delaware, Alaryland and District of Columbia, reports : Number of churches in district, 716; total membership, 95,577; amount of legacies and contributions, $26,683.96; increase of contri¬ butions over the previous year in Pennsylvania, $4,947.27; contribut¬ ing churches, 403; average j^er member, in Pennsylvania, 36 6-10 cents; New Jersey, 16 cents; Delaware, 19^ cents. The interest in the work of the Society among pastors and churches is on the increase. James Cooper, D.D., District Secretary—District : Ohio, Michigan and Indiana, re 2 :)orts : Number of churches in district, 1,533; total membershi^D, 116,517; amount of legacies and contributions, $14,481.52; increase over the previous year, $4,444.46; contributing churches, 269; average per member, 12^ cents. There is a greatly increased and growing interest in Home Missions throughout this entire district. REPORT OF THE BOARD.-WOMEn’s HOME MISSION SOCIETIES. 19 Wm. M. Haigli, D.D., District Secretary—District: Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas and Dakota, reports : Number of cliurclies in district, 2,219; total membership, 131,942; amount contributed in Illinois, $6,170.17; increase over previous year, $4,414.12; Iowa, $4,970.99; increase over previous year, $1,541.86; churches, 411; contributing, 271; average per member, 20^ cents; Wisconsin, $3,889.69; chui'ches, 146; contributing, 101; average per member, 46 cents; Minnesota, $4,000; churches, 149; contributing, 117; average per member, 60 cents; Kansas, $2,203.20; chui'ches, 334; average per member, 17^ cents; Nebraska and Dakota, no statistics given. There is a continued advance in interest in and con¬ tributions for Home Missions in this district. S. W. Marston, D.D., District Secretary—District: Missouri, Ar¬ kansas, Texas, Indian Territory, Western Louisiana and Southern Illinois, reports : This district has recently been organized and the statistics cannot as yet be given, but a great interest is being awakened in the work of the Home Mission Society, contributions are increasing, and after due sowing and cultivation excellent results may be expected. Dr. Haigh’s service has been principally that of superintendent of Missions for his vast district, the care of which has become very heavy. Too much credit cannot be given for the wisdom, prudence, energy and kindliness with which he has discharged the difficult and often delicate duties of his position. To him very largely is due the efficiency and harmony of missionary operations in that district. His labors being of this missionary character, his compensation is properly chargeable not to the agency but to the missionary account. The Southwestern District of Dr. Marston was established last Fall. Portions of this district have received largely from the missionary funds of the Society. It was felt that the time had arrived when this tier of States bordering on the great Mission fields beyond, which the Society is almost exclusively cultivating, should be called upon to aid in provid¬ ing religious privileges for those needy regions into which numbers from these States are going. Furthermore, the educational and mis¬ sionary interests of the colored peoj^le therein demand special atten¬ tion from a representative of the Society. women’s home MISSION SOCIETIES. The Women’s Home Mission Society of New England has cooper¬ ated with this Society during the year in a very substantial manner, assisting in the support of eleven teachers and forty-tive apj^roved 20 FIFTIKTH ANNIVERSARY. students in tlie schools for the colored people, $1,753.65 passing through our treasury for these objects. Through their efforts also money has been raised for the church edifice in Helena, Montana. The Women’s Society of Cleveland, Ohio, has sent $500 for the same church, and aided in the support of students. The Women’s Society of Michigan has generously aided to the extent of $400 in the su 2 :>port of the General Missionary to Southern Dakota; also of two teachers in Freedmen schools. The Women’s Society, located at Chicago, wliile pursuing its special and separate work, has in many ways hel 2 :)ed the work of the Society, and, in common with the women of other societies, has been instrumental in sending boxes of goods to missionaries’ families in the West and to students in the schools at the South. Thus, at the close of fifty years of Home Mission eftbrts, there is a revival of organized coojoeration on the j^art of women ; as in the earlier years, women organized in many churches and societies to as¬ sist the Society in its religious care for individuals and households, for men, women, and children needing religious privileges. THE SOCIETY AND STATE CONVENTIONS. Pursuant to the action of the Society last year, ado 2 :»ting the sug¬ gestion for a representative gathering from “ all sections of the coun¬ try in which the Society has ^^rosecuted its work during the last fifty years, to review what has been wrought and to deliberate concerning what is vet to be done,” the Board issued invitations to State Conven- tions for the a 2 )pointment of five delegates from each Convention to meet with the Society in its deliberations. A few Conventions, wdiose meetings closely followed the Annual Meeting of the Society, were not reached by the invitation. In every instance, so far as known, delegates were a 2 ) 2 ^ointed. It is known that some are already mem¬ bers of the Society, and thus entitled to all the 2 ^i'ivileges of the body. It is ex 2 )ected that those who are not will be welcomed to full 2)artici23ation in the deliberations pf the Society, to give the weight of iheir 02)inions, if not their vote, in the determination of C2uestions of common interest of both the Society and the Conventions. ]\Iany of the Conventions had no organization when the Society came into being. Those organized 2 ^i’eviously were fifteen, viz.: Massachu¬ setts, Maine, New Hanq^shire, Bhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Virginia, Ohio, New Jersey,Vermont, Pennsylvania, North Carolina and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama. Relations between the Society and Conventions 2 )i’ior to 1846 were close and generally harmonious; in REPORT OF THE BOARD.-THE SOCIETY AND STATE CONVENTIONS. 21 many instances the Conventions, being auxiliary to the Society, their officers and members being also members with full rights in the Society. The first address of the Executive Board announced that “ One leading object of the Society has been to combine in one sacred brotherhood all the friends of Home Missions throughout the United States. It is designed to encourage efficiently all local efforts for supplying the destitute with the preaching of the Gosj^el, and not in the least to interfere with or disturb them.” And the first Eeport said : “ It may be hoped that the Society will become a rallying point in which the body of the denomination ma}^ meet in fraternal affection and united efforts for its prosperity.” There seems to be the need to-day, pre-eminently, of a Society which shall afford opportunity for such fraternal interchange of views about the great and manifold work which God has given us to do. Much of the work of the Society and of Conventions, in kind and in aim, is one. While many Conventions have become strong and self- reliant, yet others are unable to procure in their own limits the requisite means for the proper cultivation of their fields. By coming together for consultation, and for statement of facts, the weak secure the sympathy and support of the strong, and community of feeling and interest is established. The Society, as the pervasive and sup¬ plementary agency throughout the whole country, furnishes the nat¬ ural rallying ground for the consideration of questions of common interest. There are phases of missionary work which are not taken up by some Conventions, for one cause or another, in some cases because of lack of means, in others because of lack of interest, and in others, because the kind of work to be done is not contemplated in the Constitution of Conventions. Of the latter are the Church Edi¬ fice work and Christian education for the colored people and the Indians ; while missionary work among the foreign populations, dis¬ persing themselves over all sections of the land, naturally falls under the direction of a general organization, which, with the cooperation of State Conventions, or even without, shall care for and unify this class of missionaiy interests. To have an annual showing of the progress made in all sections of the country, to have the largest scope for discussion of important measures, to bring together for joint deliberation the men most actively engaged in advancing the interests of the Bedeemer’s Kingdom in this land, could be only pro¬ ductive of incalculable good. It is hoped that these meetings may furnish some indication concerning the desirability of frequent gath¬ erings of this character. 2-2 FIFTIETH ANNIVEIISARY. Ill this connection and on tliis occasion when representatives of State Conventions, as well as of Home ^Missions in the broader sense, are met together, it will be of interest to glance at the aggregate of contributions by Baptists, the past year, for the various kinds of mis¬ sionary and benevolent work relating to the evangelization of our country. Only thus can we make a proper comparison of our own work with that of others who include in their contnbutions for Home ^Missions much if not all that is done through our Conventions. General receipts of the Society. .$359,306.38 Other Contributions (see p. 9, report). 99,083.99 Receipts of Women’s Societies (not included in Treasurer’s account, about). 25,000.00 Receipts of Southern Baptist Convention. 28,370.08 Receipts of State Conventions (about). 155,000.00 Receipts of Publication Society (for Sunday-school, colportage and benevolent work) about. 103,784.16 $770,544.61 Deducting from the foregoing amount receipts from invested funds and outside soui’ces—estimated at $60,000—and there remains about $700,000 as the total of contributions and legacies—the conh'ibutions from Churches, Sunday-schools and individuals being not far from $600,000. COOPERATION. Cooperation behveen the Society and State Conventions gives in¬ creasing satisfaction to both paiiies. The Board is relieved of an immense amount of detail work in the examination of missionary and Chui'ch Edifice applications, which is done with comparative ease and more understandingly by the Boards of the several States. The benevolence and self-help of the States are stimulated, while at the same time the resources and credit of the Society give steadiness to missionary enterprises. Cooperation, comprehensive or special in its features, exists between the Society and seventeen Conventions. The exceptional arrangement with Illinois was terminated last Fall, by common consent, and most amicabty ; the Society being entrusted with the work among the foreigners in the State, while the General Association confines itself to the needs of the native population. In July last, after due deliberation, it was decided to discontinue cooperation with the Old Convention of California, and in November the Board voted to cooperate with the New Convention organized in May and known as the General Baptist Convention of California. Ilf October the usual plan of cooj^eration was entered into between REPORT OF THE BOARD.-WESTERN MISSIONS. 23 the Society and the Texas Baptist State Convention and the East Texas Baptist Convention ; and in March with the Arkansas State Convention, including missionary work among the white and the col¬ ored population ; and about the same time with the Association of the District of Columbia. The Society united with the Mississippi Convention in the support of a general missionary for the colored people ; also with the Colored Conventions of Virginia, North Caro lina and Florida for the support of general missionaries in these States. In Georgia two general missionaries are supported whose salaries are paid one-third each, by the Society, by the White Con¬ vention, and by the Colored Convention of the State. Other requests have been made by Conventions, both white and colored, in the South, and in the North from Manitoba, but they came when the finances of the Society would not warrant further enlargement, and so for the time were declined. So far as possible the Society has extended its hand to all asking help, knowing no lines of separation, anxious only that weak interests should be strengthened and destitute fields be cultivated aU over the continent. WESTERN MISSIONS. Never before have the Society’s operations in the West^ been con¬ ducted on so extensive a scale as the past year. The whole number of missionaries who have be Ai in the service of the Society in western fields is 355—or 76 more than last year. The amount expended for the suj^port of these missionaries on the field is $74,493.06, being $31,905.48 more than last year. The increai^e for 1881-2 is almost as much as the whole sum expended by the Society for support of mis¬ sionaries in 1878-9. The statistical tables show how these laborers have been distributed throughout the States and Territories. Of the number thus employed in the West, thirteen are general missionaries, whose field is a State or Territory or a district, and whose duties are to do pioneer Avork, organize churches, gather Sun¬ day-schools, secure lots and aid in the erection of church edifices, as¬ sist in the settlement of pastors in missionary fields, organize the benevolent work of their district, consider applications for missionary and church edifice aid, and to keep the Board advised of matters of interest and importance relating to the work. Much of the success that has attended the year’s Avork in the West, much of the neAV spirit of enterprise Avhich characterizes the Avork, is due to the Avisdom and z;eal of the men who liaA^e held these positions. In addition to these, thirty-eight missionaries have been engaged in pioneer work, preach- •24 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. ing part of the time to a church that may have been or<>anized on their held, but goin^‘ into the regions beyond, into villages, into neighbor¬ hoods destitute of Gospel privileges, visiting families, preaching in pri¬ vate houses, in school-houses, udierever an oj^en door is found. The privations, the self-denials, the cheerful endurance of hardships by many of these “ good soldiers ” along the outposts, furnish abundant proof that the true missionary spuit is not extinct in the Christian Church. IMany of the missionaries on the western held supply two or more churches, and most of them have from one to hve out-stations where they hold religious services. The number gathered into these Western missionary churches is reported at 4,0G2,—by baptism, 1,075, by letter, 2,387. In many new helds, where no house of worship is yet erected, meetings have been interrupted, and consecutive services during the week have been impracticable. Missionaries have fi’equently written of hopeful indi¬ cations, lamenting that they had no suitable place for special seiwices. ]Many missionaries have to devote themselves to secular aftairs a part of the time for their support. The salaries of three-fourths of our missionaries should be increased forW per cent., and then they would be far below what is paid to missionaries on foreign fields, and no more than is paid by other denominations. This, how_ ever, can be done only by increased contributions for Home ^Missions. Boxes of goods and clothing have been sent to many missionaries’ families, through the instrumentality largely of the women connected with Home iMission Circles in the churches. Usually, this aid has been a great help. But the salaries of missionaries should be suffi¬ cient for them to procure what they require, without such appeal for aid in the way of garments. Until this takes place, aid of this sort will be acceptable. To be of most service tor the Winter, boxes should be prepared and forwarded by the last of October. The number of churches that have become self-sup])orting during the year is twenty-two. The number of fields occupied for the first time is 110. The number of missionaries re-appointed is 107; the ^ • number ot new appointments, 174. The policy of the Board has been to seize centres of influence, and work thence outwardly. Some of the prominent points thus occu¬ pied are Grand Forks, Jamestown, Bismarck and Mandan in Upper Dakota; Miles City and Butte City in Montana; El Paso, Ysleta, Laredo in Texas ; Tucson in Arizona ; Boise City in Idaho; Los Angeles in California. REPORT OF THE BOARD.-WESTERN MISSIONS. 25 The cost of planting a church in one of the large western towns, where living is very expensive, is large, often twice as much as in older communities or in agricultural districts. The entire burden also falls on the Society for the first year or two, or until the people come into possession of a house of worship, and so are relieved of the rental of a place in which to hold services. But though the ex¬ pense be great at the first, yet in view of an assured future, such points must be occupied at the earliest practicable moment, when the right men can be found for the places. And in the long run it is economy to secure good men, even by the payment of comparatively large salaries, rather than engage those who would labor for less, but who lack in leadership for new enterprises. The Board rejoices in the success which has attended the labors of a number of these men at important centres of influence, while at the same time it also rejoices at the success of others equally faithful, who fill less con¬ spicuous positions in the smaller villages and agricultural districts, from which many of the strong men of the future are to come. Occasionallv the criticism is made that it is unwise to establish a Baptist Church in a western town where one or two other churches are already established. It is even charged that to do this is to ex¬ hibit the narrow spirit of proselytism. But is this true ? If these points, thus occupied, were never to be more than they now are, there might be some force in the remark ; but as we consider their future the case at once becomes different. Not to occupy many of these points now is to surrender them forever to others whose teachings we do not fellowship, is to have no influential Baptist Church there in ■coming days ; is, in short, to surrender the field to error, because, forsooth, error had first raised there its flag. Because this principle was pursued in some of the mission fields in Ohio and other States many years ago, there are now towns of ten thousand and upward in which there is no Baptist Church. It is not proselytism to plant the standard of truth anywhere. It is loyalty to Christ. In all these communities there are Baptists who want a church home of their own, and a Baptist element in that place that will sustain the church. Not to provide for these is to waste in the West what we gained at great cost in the East. If the separation of Baptists from Pedo-Baptists was originally justifiable, if it is justifiable to maintain Baptist Churches at great expense in towns and cities of the East, where other denominations would gladly welcome and provide for out’ con¬ gregations, then it is justifiable to plant a Baptist Chui’ch in every western town where there is reasonable prospect of its permanent FI FTI FT H A N N n F K8 A H V. • 2 () establisliiiient after a few rears, and this whether we be first or fourth on the field. The changeable population of the West is one of the einbarrass- nients in inissionary operations. The discovery of rich mining regions, or the opening of fertile agricultural districts, often leads to a great emigration from the older Western States and Territories. The consecpience is that in a single year, sometimes, a church which was nearing the stage of self-suppoiT is depleted of its best and ablest members, and becomes again dependent on missionary aid, until others fill the places of those who have gone. In some instances the foreign population crowd out the xVmerican element, so that American churches are weakened thereby. In the latter case there is special reason why our Baptist churches with their Sunday-schools should be sustained, that so they may shed the light into the darkness of formalism and infidehty. And even where churches thus become extinct, the money expended on these fields has not been lost, inas¬ much as those who composed these churches in going further west¬ ward have become the nuclei of new organizations. So in the apparent loss there has been a conservation of spiritual force. Our mission in Utah has been prosperous. At Ogden a church wuis organized about a year ago, which numbers now 35 members, with a flourishing Sabbath-school. Some of the converts are from the Mormons. A house of worship, costing about $5,000, will be erected there this Summer. The monev for this has been raised chieflv by the efibrts of Rev. Dwight Spencer, missionary at that point, whom the Board called East for this purpose, the chui’ch being temporarily suj^jilied during his absence. We should have four more missionaries in Utah the coming year. Now that the political power of Mormonism is broken, the probabil¬ ity is that it will slowly disintegrate. In accordance with the instruc¬ tions of the Society, at the last annual meeting, the Board, in Jan¬ uary, adopted and sent to the President and to both branches of Congress a memorial on the suppression of polygamy. It reached the House in the heat of the debate, and was presented in the most effective manner and at a most opportune moment by Hon. Mr. ShaUenberger, of Pa., to whom it had been sent for this purpose. In the southwest, where the American element is relatively small, missionar}^ work must necessarily be somewhat slow and expensive. But the Board is convinced that if it is a Christian duty to plant the Gospel standard on purely heathen territory, where only after many years of labor and large expenditure error can be dislodged and the REPORT OF THE BOARD.-THE CHINESE. 27 truth obtain a foothold and adherents, it. is equally our duty on these benighted home fields, where the blighting en-ors of a low type of Komanism have held sway, and where its yoke has become well-nigh intolerable, to establish our churches, even though the cost be greater than in purely American settlements. It is a subject to which the Board asks the consideration of the So¬ ciety, whether the ultimate success of this missionary work in Utah and in the southwest does not depend, to a great extent, on the estab¬ lishment of Christian schools in connection with each mission ? The main hope in this work must be in securing the intelligent assent of the rising generation. The Society has decided that such work is constitutionally per¬ missible whenever it is thought advisable. In 1853 this question was referred to an able committee, of which M. B. Anderson was chair¬ man, upon whose recommendation it was voted “ that the Society authorize the Board so to interpret the second article of the Constitu¬ tion, that they may raise and appropriate funds for the purpose of building meeting-houses, and the support of Christian teachers in those places where the interest of religion shall require it; provided, however, that such funds shall be specified for these jourposes by the contributors.” In 1873 there was a formal re-affirmation of this view, when it was also decided that the work of Christian teaching is “ger¬ mane to the great object” of the Society, viz.: “to promote the preaching of the Gospel in North America.” Later, the Society voted to abolish the feature of designated funds in their application to educational work, leaving the Board at liberty to use the general contributions of the Society for this purpose, as might seem necessary, without special embarrassment to missionary operations. The (question now is,, whether the Society will authorize the Board to establish and maintain Christian common-schools in these localities in connection with its missionary work, by the appli¬ cation of the General Fund to this object. It is believed that $5,000 thus expended would maintain ten schools during eight months each year. THE CHINESE. There has been no material change in the condition of our Chinese missions. The mission at Portland, Oregon, is doing earnest, ag¬ gressive Christian work, and has shown its appreciation of the Society’s interest in it, by sending to our treasury a Jubilee or thank- offering amounting to $85. This from fifty members, who have little property, is surely an offering of sweet savor unto the Lord. 28 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. Fling Cliak, our inissionary, writes : “ Oh, is there no money for the Chinese, however much there may be for others ? Must they be despised and also the salvation of their souls utterly ignored ? The Chinese are generally willing to hear the Gosjiel and will gather and listen attentively to its jireaching.” He adds : “It can hardly be realized in the East what a strong arm of the work in China is the work on this coast.” What the future of this work is to be w'e cannot conjecture. What has been gained must be kept. For the time being, though principle is sacrificed to the unhallowed spirit of party supremacy, and the people whom Providence was bringing to the light are relegated by the legislation of a nominally Christian nation to darkness and isola¬ tion from Christian civilization, yet, confident that reason and liglit- eousness, not to say self-interest, will reverse this legislation in the near future, we deem it duty to sustain our Chinese Missions for the sake of the heathen here, and that the sacred flame be kept alive for others in the days to come. INDIANS. In the Indian Territory 12 missionaries have been under appoint¬ ment, 9 of whom are natives. They report 58 baptisms and an attendance of 890 members in their churches, and also 1,148 attending the Sunday-schools under their care. Over 100 have been gathered into the churches, about tw^o-thirds by baptism. The Board has aimed to develop the contributions of the churches toward the sup¬ port of their pastors by the proffer of a small amount, on condition that they raise a given sum for the same pui'pose. Through the generosity of a‘lady, whose gift secured the erection of a chapel at Tahlequah a year ago, another chapel like it is in pro¬ cess of erection and another soon to be begun. The “ Indian University ” at Tahlequah reports an attendance of 68, among whom are four students for the ministry. A change of location has been deemed desirable, in order that the institution mav be more easily accessible to students from all sections of the Temtory. This is the more important, as this school for higher Christian educa¬ tion is established, not for one nation, but for all the Indian nations and tribes. Last Fall the Creek Council passed an act granting per¬ mission to this Society, through trustees apjiointed, to found “ an Indian University, which shall be to the Indian Territory, as nearly as practicable, all that State Universities are to the several States in which they are located, and shall be open to the reception of students from the Creek Nation and other Indian tribes or nations.” A Board REPORT OF THE BOARD.-MEXICO. 29 of Trustees is named and tlieir powers defined with this special pro¬ vision: “All the acts being subject to the approval of the Executive Board of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, so long as the said University derives any of its support from said Society.” Theo¬ logical instruction may be given to those desiring it. The use of sufficient land for industrial purposes is granted. A beautiful site has been selected about midway between Muskogee and Fort Gibson. The enterprise now awaits a generous patron who will erect suitable buildings for instruction and the reception of students. Properly con¬ ducted this school will mark the beginning of better things for the Indians of the Territory and of the country at large. It is ex23ected that the aid of other nations will be given towards its support and success. The latest statistics (somewhat imj^erfect) give 100 Baj^tist Churches, 92 ordained ministers and 6,100 members in the Territory. Rev. Win. Hurr has labored with acceptance at the Sac and Fox Agency, where a parsonage has been erected for his use. A missionary has been appointed to Wadsworth, Nevada, to devote a part of his time to religious work among the Indians on the reser¬ vations in that vicinity. At Pyramid Lake, the Indians, according to their promise, if the remains of the beloved agent Sjiencer were buried there, have adopted the civilized mode of burial at the agency. The attention of the Government has been called to the long-neg¬ lected but noble and peaceable tribe of Yuma Indians in Arizona, for whom it is hoj^ed something may soon be done. The Board of the North Pacific Coast have requested the Board of this Society to engage in missionary work in Alaska, where an Indian population of 60,000 has been neglected by the Government and by most of the Missionary Societies of the country since the purchase of that country from Russia. To this appeal the Board could not make a favorable response, but it is hoped that the day is not remote when this can be done. Special facilities for communication with Alaska are now afforded, and the Baptists of this country should not longer rest under the rejiroach of neglecting these Pagans in our own borders. MEXICO. A year has now elajised since the resumj^tion of our work in Mexico. During this time there has been a gathering up of the forces for organized service. The Mexican Society coojierates with the Home Mission Society in supporting a general missionary, while another has been commissioned, and it is in contemplation to have at 30 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. least two more under appointment soon. In one of our theological schools a ^Mexican is preparing himself for service among his people. The hearts of others are being turned toward IMexico. There are eight Baptist Churches in Mexico—four in the central l^art of New Leon and four in the northern part of Coahuila—=-with 15(1 members. Several have been baptized during the year. But what are these, and what are two or even four laborers for the ten millions in that country. American Christians must evangelize these peojde or they will not be evangelized. No other country sends missionaries to Mexico. In that land about 4,000,000 of Spanish descent, and about 0,000,000 of Indians or mixed blood, await something better than the grinding system of the papal hierarchy. There needs to be unity of plan and concentration of missionary efforts if we succeed in mak¬ ing much imju’ession on this benighted mass. Socially and commer¬ cially the people of Mexico are coming into continuall}' closer relations with us, and our missions along the border reach over the line, so that, not merely because it is North America, but because of these inteiiacings, Mexico is truly a home mission field. Thus it is regarded by our Texas brethren, who proj^ose to cooperate with the Society in this, as well as in the missionary work of their own State. Shall not the Society have the cooperation of all who desire the re¬ generation of Mexico ? OUR GERMAN MISSIONS. INIissionaiy efforts in this country among the Germans have been signally blessed of God. The beginnings date back to 1842, when Konrad A. Fleischman embraced Baptist views and gave himself with consuming zeal to the work of leading his fellow countrymen into the truth. The first church was organized, as the result of his labors, in Philadeljfiiia, in 1843, and united with the Philadelphia Association in 1848. In 184G, Rev. John Eschman, supported by this Society, was instnimental in gathering a church of twelve members in the city of New A"ork. Vigorous churches, with talented pastors, now flourish in these and adjacent cities, and German Baptist Churches are dotted all over the North, from New England to Kansas and even in Texas. These churches number 140, with 10,000 members. The German Department of the Rochester Theological Seminary supplies the churches, to a large extent, with intelligent pastors ; while the Publication Society at Cleveland provides suitable religious literature. Of the missionaries under appointment the last year, 14 were in the Eastern German Conference, and 32 in the territorv of the We.st- REPORT OF THE BOARD.-THE SCANDINAVIANS. 81 ern German Baptist Society, embracing three Conferences. The Society cooperates as heretofore with these bodies, adding one dollar to every dollar raised by the former, and one and a half dollars to every dollar raised by the latter body. The German Churches have contributed $4,1G4.43 the past year for Home Mission purposes; the whole amount expended on German Missions being $6,593.71. THE FRENCH. Throughout New England, as well as in other localities where manufacturing interests are established, the French from Canada are found in large numbers. Thousands are added yearly by immigra¬ tion. They are mainly Catholics. Infidelity is not so prevalent among them as among the native French. They are not so bigoted as the Irish Catholics. Many are quite accessible to the Gospel. Strenuous efforts are made by the priests to retain them to the Boin- ish Chui’ch and to wield their power in politics and in educational matters. Nevertheless, conversions are frequently reported by our missionaries, five of whom have labored in New England the past year. Recently the work at St. Anne, Ill., has been resumed. The great need of our French work is trained, educated ministers who can cojie with the arguments and sophistries of the Romish priesthood. There is no French theological school, either separately or connected with any American Institution, for young men desiring to preach the Gospel to their own peojffe. While some of the French pastors and missionaries are able men, yet no organized effort has been put forth for the education of young men to meet the demands of the future. The French Churches in the United States and Can¬ ada are not strong or numerous enough to establish and maintain a school like that of the German Churches at Rochester, or the Scandi¬ navians at Chicago. Something like these is demanded for the growth and success of missions among our French population. This measure specially concerns New England, which is and is to be so largely affected by the presence of this foreign element. It is hoped that some educational provision may soon be made for future labor¬ ers among oui' French po]3ulation here and in Canada. THE SCANDINAVIANS. Our missions among the Scandinavians (the Swedes, Danes, and Norwegians) were never more encouraging than now. It seems as though God has been preparing multitudes of the Swedes in Sweden for duty in this land, by showering his gracious blessings on oui* Baptist Church there ; while the work here has been a spiritual pre- 82 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. paration for their coming as well as for the conversion of thousands beside. Thus a large element of religious power is being steadily added to the evangelical forces of this country, both by immigration and the conversion of those already here. The principal mission field is in the northwestern Mississippi region, though Scandinayian Churches and ^Missions are scattered throughout New England and other sections of the country. The mission in New York City, sup¬ ported jointly by the Society and the New York Bajrtist City Mis¬ sion, has been very prosperous, the church having gTOwn within a year and a half from about (10 members to more than 180. It is very important that in this metropolis, where thousands of immigrants dis¬ embark daily, there should be one or more Scandinavian Churches to welcome those who tarry here, thus conserving what has been gained abroad. But this church is not merely a recipient of fruits gathered in other vineyards ; it cultivates well its own vineyard, as is shown by the fact that 38 have been added by baptism within the last twelve months. The Scandinavian department of the Theological Seminary of Chi¬ cago is doing an excellent service for the Scandinavian Churches of the country. These churches number about 120, with (1,500 commu¬ nicants. Considering that but 29 years have elapsed since our mis¬ sionary operations began among the Scandinavians, these results are very cheering to our faith. ASPECTS OF OUR WORK AMONG FOREIGNERS. Immigration to this country never reached so great pro23ortions as now. The arrival of three or four thousand immigrants in a single day at the port of New York is not uncommon. They enter at other ports also. “AVhy They Come,” has been the subject of discussion in reviews and the journals of the day, so that we need not dwell on it here. The fact before American Christians is that they are coming at the rate of nearly a million a year. They are distributing them- selyes over the country as they have not done to any great extent hitherto. Into the South, and specially the Southwest, as well a& throughout the North are they spreading. The tendency is to colo¬ nize. This tendency is what concerns us. AVere they eyenlv distrib- uted among our native jiojnilation they would be comjiaratively powerless to affect our customs and institutions. But wdiere they mass themselves, and become the balance of jiower in jDolitics, or become the actual majority, as in some of the AVesteru States, this- inflax jiresents to American Christians a grave jiroblem. The evangelization of these peojile, maii}^ of whom indeed are birth- REPORT OF THE BOARD.-WORK AMONG FOREIGNERS. 33 right members of churches, but who know no more than the ancient Jewish formalists of regeneration by the Spirit through personal faith in and loving surrender to Christ, is a matter that ought most deeply to concern us, not merely on the ground of patriotism, but for their own soul’s sake. What we need is a revival of the Pauline desire for the salvation of those whose godliness is a form rather than a force, whose righteousness consists chiefly in observance of days and rites, rather than in a spirit right before God. Until we clearly aj^prehend the fact that millions of these misguided and beclouded religionists, as well as the millions of the irreligious and infidels, are lost just as truly as the Pagan, we shall not put forth adequate efforts for their salvation. The last census shows that in this land there are 6,679,943 foreign born. The arrivals during the last two years swell the number to nearly 8,000,000 now. Add to this number the first generation born here, virtually foreigners, and we have really a foreign j^opulation of about twelve millions. Of these about 5,000,000 are Germans, 2,500,000 Irish, 1,500,000 Scandinayians, and 1,000,000 French and other nationalities. The Irish, as a mass, being bigoted adherents of Catholicism, have been let alone. The Germans, about one-thu’d of whom are Lutheran, one-third Catholic and one-third infidel, have offered a more hopeful field for Christian effort. The Scandinavians, consjoicuous for candor and simplicity of character, as a class have been yet more accessible. The French from Europe, generally of infidel sentiments, constitute a more difficult field of labor than the Canadian French, who are mainly Catholics. The economics of Missions must take account of these facts, for the wise and successful prosecution of the w^ork. To neglect the duty of sending missionaries to those who will not come into our churches, is to leave them in their darkness, is to leave them to become an unevangelical or positive!}" ungodly element among us. It is very well to say that they can understand our language sufficientlv to do business, and therefore thev can understand the truth as we preach it sufficient for their salvation. But the cases are not parallel. Necessity compels them to acquire the language of busi¬ ness life. They feel no such necessity to acquire a knowledge of the truth as it is in Christ. The truth must be taken to them, pressed on their attention by those who speak their own tongue, and who, themselves having been emancipated from error, can influence them as others cannot. In doing this there need be no apprehension that separate foreign 34 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. speaking cliurclies will be 2 :)erpetuated. While the tlood pours in upon us these churches are needed. But the Americanizing tendency in all these churches is very marked. These chm-ches are continually the feeders of our American churches, as the members acquire our language, adoj^t our customs, and become members of American society. As an instance of this it may be stated that two men, most highly esteemed, men of wealth and liberality, members of Baptist Churches near New A^ork, were the gift of a German Baptist Sunday- school. Their value in personal influence, in their gifts to our work, is beyond price. Within proj^er limits this Americanizing tendency is to be encouraged, yet not to such an extent as to deplete and cripple these churches. Let the tendency go on in the churches rather than from the churches. It has seemed proper to make this presentation of the aspects of our work among foreigners that those who give to the Societj" may understand the facts and the reasons for pressing this feature of our work yet more vigorously. So great and so extended are these interests that it has become a question how they can best be cared for. There is need of compact¬ ing and unification. There are missions among the French in New England and in the West; there are German and Scandinavian missionaries in the East, the West, the Southwest and on the Pacific coast. Sometimes a mission springs up, dependent wholly on local sympathy and support. Sometimes a mission is supported by a State Convention, while in the same State the Society supports other missions. Many State Conventions do nothing for the foreign popu¬ lation in their borders, largely on the ground that they have nothing to spare for this w^ork. It is evident that interests of this kind thrive as they are brought into relation with each other and with an organ¬ ization which devotes to them its special care. Some State Conventions have committed the oversight of this work exclusively to the Society. In some cooperating States it is included in the general work. If the Societ}' were to have the special charge of these interests and were exj^ected to look after them wherever they exist or may sjning up, it might be advantageous in man}' ways. The question of a general superintendent of this branch of the Society’s work has been discussed, but no decision has been reached. While the enormous immigration continues, more vigorous meas¬ ures must be adopted to save these peoples, who, unless brought under evangelical influences at the earliest practicable moment, pass beyond our reach. Timely action is most important. REPORT OF THE BOARD.-THE FREEDMEN. 35 THE FREEDMEN. The Society’s educational work among the colored people of the Southern States has attained much greater proportions than ever be¬ fore. Twelve institutions are receiving assistance from our treasury. This is two more than last year and four more than two years ago. The new institutions are “ Bishop Baptist College ” at Marshall, Texas ; and the “ Kentuck}" Normal and Theological Institute ” at Louisville, Ky. In these schools 79 teachers have been employed— 16 more than last year. The whole number of pupils enrolled has been 2,397, or 748 more than last v'^ear. Of these about two-thirds were male s and one-third females. School reports show over 400 preparing to preach the Gospel. The amount paid.for teachers’ salaries is $39,964.82, being $7,550.63 more than last year. Students have paid for tuition, board and room rent, $22,331.51. This is an increase of $1,055.18 over last year, notwithstanding the impoverished condition of many in consequence of loss of crops by widespread and severe drouth last season. \ Care^has^been taken to dispense benefi¬ ciary aid only to worth}'' and promising students, who evince a dis¬ position to do their utmost to helj) themselves. Several friends of the colored race and of the evangelization of Africa have given funds for the education of young men who intend to engage in missionary work in Africa. This is a timely thing to do in view of the great open field on that continent. Teachers have faithfully labored not only to instruct their pupils ) in the prescribed courses of study, but to build up true Christian chara cters and to bring the unconverted to Christ. They have written with rejoicing of the deep, quiet, earnest, intelligent religious spirit that, like a vital atmosphere, has pervaded the institutions. Nearly 200 conversions are reported for the year. Thus in these schools as well as through them a great missionary work is being done. The amount passing through our treasury and expended for new buildings, imj)rovements, etc., in addition to teachers’ salaries, has been $28,062.16. This is $5,486.28 more than last year. Other amounts have gone through other channels, making the total outlay for the year, in this direction, about $44,633.34. The chief items of expense are as follows : For the brick addition for girls at Wayland Seminary, including furnishing, $12,541.38 ; for the Medical Laboratory building of brick at Shaw University, $8,000 ; for the frame dormitory at Live Oak, Florida, $900 ; for the building for girls at Leland University, $6,000 ; and for the buildings and property at Marshall, Texas, $13,824.60. Nearly this FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. 8 () whole amount was given specifically for these purposes, so that the draft upon the general receipts of the Society have been compara¬ tively light. The new wing at Wayland affords accommodations for about fifty female students, besides suitable recitation rooms and other con¬ veniences. The recitation rooms were furnished bv the relatives of the late Mrs. H. L. Wayland, as a memorial of that lad}". Other rooms were furnished by special gifts ; some by the colored associations and churches of Yirginia. It is known as “ Parker Hall,” in memorv of the mother of Rev. Dr. Parker, who also has ever taken a deep interest in the jirosperity of the Institution. The new building at Shaw University is beautiful and admirably ada 2 :)ted to its purjioses. The larger jiortion of this amount was con¬ tributed by friends in Massachusetts. The Medical School, opened last Fall, will be in comjfiete oj^eration the coming year. We regard this as an imj^ortant stej) in affording to the colored young men an open door to one of the ^professions. Perhajjs none of our schools have started under more favorable ausjiices than “ Bisho}) Baptist College,” at Marshall, Texas. Through the gift of $15,000 from her whose name it bears—a name also of one who for years was a foremost friend of this work, a large and fine brick building, three stories high, has been comjdeted for occupancy, the mansion rej^aired for use of teachers, two smaller buildings for primary school and dining-room j:)rovided, and thirty-seven acres of woodland in the vicinity, jmrchased at a bargain, for fuel for many years to come. The location is very fine, and the projierty is consid¬ ered worth $25,000. Great credit is due to Rev. S. AY. Marston, D.D., for the manner in which he has attended to this enterjirise. At Leland University imjn’ovements are in jPi’ogress. A new build¬ ing for the accommodation of students will be in readiness for the Fall session. It is of brick, and will cost about $12,000, quite one-half of which has been exjDended ujion it. This is largely the gift of Dea. Chamberlain, the founder of the Institution and its chief jiatron. In addition to this, he has deeded to the Trustees jirojoerty valued at .'!>25,000, for the endowment of the Institution, making the aggregate of his gifts for this object about $05,000. AA’^ith rare devotion and self-forgetfulness he has for years lived for this object, ^Putting time, talents, jiossessions, into the Christ-like service of lifting the lowly up into a higher life. The institution at Louisville, Ky., established and conducted wholly by our colored brethren, ajqiealed so strongly to the Society, and REPORT OF THE BOARD.-THE FREEDMEN. 37 showed itself so worthy of aid that the Board decided to appropriate $1,500 for the support of teachers therein. On the fine property is quite a debt, which the colored people are laboring heroically to re¬ move. One of the teachers was a former student in Nashville and a graduate of the last class of Newton Theological Seminary. In Shaw University is another colored teacher of the same class. At Atlanta, the great and pressing need is a suitable building for girls. At the earnest solicitation of the colored State Convention, the Board has undertaken to erect such a building, in connection with the Seminary, as soon as funds can be secured. A girls’ school under the efficient management of Miss S. B. Packard and Miss Hattie Giles, who are commissioned by the Board and sup]3orted by the Women’s Society of New England, has been in successful operation during the 3 ^ear. The 173 pupils in attendance have been crowded into the dark and dismal basement of one of the colored churches of the city. Some suitable accommodation for these girls is a crying necessity. These schools, twelve in number, have property of all kinds, valued at $400,000. About $50,000 annually is required for the maintenance of instruction therein—not more than is required for two well equipped colleges in the North. It is gratifying to note the disj^osition on the 23art of some who have at heart the good of the race, to j^rovide for the j^artial endowment of these institutions. This measure, which has received the rejDeated en¬ dorsement of the Society, is all the more im]3ortant in view of the fact that others, by establishing j)rofessorships and scholarships in institu¬ tions under their control, are enticing from our schools the brightest minds, which we cannot afford to lose. It is narrow and short-sighted policy, which the Baj^tist denomination has suffered from in the j^ast sufficiently to make us wiser in the future, to have bare and beggarly institutions depending on the fluctuating and uncertain contributions of the hour, instead of institutions with such permanent funds that broad and generous jffans may be made for instruction therein. To save a dollar and lose a man who may control the thought and action of thousands, is unj^ardonable short-sightedness. The jAain, unvarnished, though unwelcome truth needs to be stated, that one Pedo-Baj^tist school for the colored jjeople has twice the endowment that we have for all our institutions. And that denomination has not ten thousand communicants among the colored j^eojDle. The result is that wherever the graduates of that school go as jDreachers they gather the most in¬ telligent and influential of the coloi'ed people into theii* congregations. 38 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. Youii" men of Baptist sentiments going to that institution often emerge Pedo-Baptists. Another denomination with even less following in the South is building up a large endowment for professorships and schol¬ arships with like results. God has crowned the efforts of Baptists among the colored people of the South, and now the voice of His Providence is saying : “ Hold that fast which thou hast, that no man take thy crown. ” For the endowment of these schools, as stated elsewhere, one man has given $*25,000. Two others have made pledges—conditioned on the raising of a certain sum—the one $20,000, and the other $10,000. Other contributors, including teachers in our institutions, who esteemed it a privilege to make sacrifices for this purpose, have added to these permanent funds. The total amount of endowment for educational purposes now held by the Society and by Board of Tms- tees of schools receiving supjiort from the Society, is about $61,000. The educational work of the Society has reached so great propor¬ tions, so much has been expended in the maintenance of these insti¬ tutions, so much is invested in school property, so many questions arise concerning their aim, theii* management, their methods, their courses of studv, their relations to each other, to those for whom they are established, to the educational system of the States, to the educa¬ tional measures of the General Government, to the munificent pro¬ vision made by generous men for the Christian education of the colored people ; so much depends on their maintenance in the highest practical degree of efficiency, that the Board considers it of first importance that the most competent man available be secured to devote his attention as Superintendent of the Society’s educational work among the colored people, the Indians and others to whom it may be extended. The Board takes great pleasure in announcing that Dr. J. M. Gregory, a man eminently qualified for this service, and who, at our request, has made a preliminary tour of observation among the schools and the brethren of the South, has been appointed to undertake this work, the Society approving. CHURCH EDIFICE DEPARTMENT. The plan inaugurated last year for helping churches by direct grants, in the erection of suitable houses of worship, has proved eminently satisfactory to all concerned. The Boards of cooperating State Conventions have cheerfully accepted the responsibility of acting as Advisory Committees for the Board of the Society in deter¬ mining where aid should be given, and to what extent. In the Territories where such advisory bodies are impracticable, the judgment REPORT OF THE BOARD.-CHURCH EDIFICE DEPARTMENT. 39 of general missionaries or prominent pastors is sought. This benevo¬ lent feature of Church Edifice work has wonderfully stimulated churches to do their utmost to secure houses of worship, and given new insj^iration to all our missionary enterj^rises. During the year, 66 church edifices have been erected through the assistance of the Home Mission Society ; 56 of this number by gifts, and 10 by loans. The amount loaned was $4,950. The amount appropriated and paid to these 56 churches as gifts was $15,805.87, or an average of $282.25 to each church. The valuation of the church l^roperty thus procured is $131,700 ; or an average valuation of $2,350 for each house erected. This high average is explained by the fact that one house costing $25,000, to which a gift had been designated by the donor, is included in the list. Deducting this exceptional case, the average valuation is $1,778. Thus an average grant of $282 has secured the erection of a house of worship worth on an average six times that sum. The houses thus built furnish seating accommodations for 14,300 persons, and for even a larger number of Sunday-school children. Besides these 66 churches erected, 28 others have been voted aid amounting to $8,450, which will soon be paid, as the houses approach completion. The value of our present method in Church Edifice work, as com¬ pared with the old method, in stimulating feeble churches to put forth their best efforts to erect houses of worship), is shown by the fact, that under the loan system the number of Church Edifices erected dwindled down to an average of 14 annually for the five years previous to 1881, while under the new method, the first year the number rose to 94 asking and receiving aid or promises of aid from the Society. The total receipts for the Loan Fund have been $73,118.22; of which $10,000 was from legacies, $697 from living donors, and $6,000.41 from interest on loans and investments; and $56,312.81 from loans repaid. The Loan Fund shows a reduction from previous annual state¬ ments of over $100,000. This is accounted for chiefly by the trans¬ fer of $99,500, by the consent of the original contributors, to the account of the Benevolent Department for investment. Twenty-eight churches have paid off their loans during the year. Tlie receipts of the Benevolent Department have been $38,121.90; of which $34,128.31 are contributions of individuals and churches, and $3,993.59 income of invested funds. The balance in the Treasury is explained by the fact that $15,000 for this purpose came in just be- 40 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. fore the closing of the books for the year. A large proportion of this is promised to churches, and is going forth on its mission as the houses approach completion. Diligent inquiry has been made to ascertain the facts about the distribution of church editices in the Baptist Churches of the land. Through data and careful estimates obtained by corresjiondence with well-informed brethren in every State, it is found that there are quite 2,500 Baptist Churches in the United States without their own houses of worship. These are classified or distributed as folloAVS : In the States and Territories in our mission field, mainly west of the Missis • sipjn, there are over 1,500 houseless churches. In the Southern States east of the Mississippi over 1,000, of which nearly 500 are among the whites, and more than 500 among the colored Baptists. In the older NoiTliern States, instances are rare in which a church is without its own jilace of worship. In the seven Territories of Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Nevada, Utah, Arizona and New Mexico, there are but nine Baptist Church edifices, less than in many a single county in the older States. In the Southern States many of the white churches have but an apology for a meeting-house, while the gi’eat bulk of colored churches meet in the rudest structures, utterly unattractive and unadapted to the usual wants of a house of worship. About 2,800 houses have been built by the colored churches since 1864, though many of these are rude and uncouth structures, their average cost being hardly more than $200. For the rising generation, trained to a better state of things, something better than these repulsive structures must be pro¬ vided. A good, well-arranged, well-kei^t church edifice is an educat¬ ing influence in the community. Of the 140 German Baptist Churches in the country, about 20 are houseless, and of the 120 Scandinavian Churches, about 50 are houseless. When we consider the present destitution, and then consider that about 75 churches, needing houses, were organized last year, mainly west of the Mississippi, and that this increase will doubtless continue for years, it is readily seen that 300 church edifices ought to be built annually for the Baptists of this country, through the assistance of funds designated for this object. This is the great work before us. Without a house of worship, money for missionaries’ supj^ort is often almost thrown away. How shall at least $100,000 annually for this purpose be obtained? The liberal donors of the past years cannot be relied on to repeat their gifts every year. Others must come to the iront or the pro- REPOliT OF THE BOARD.-RPATEW OF FIFTY YEARS. 41 gross of this work be arrested. For the present emergency our chief hope is that God will dispose the hearts of those whom He has blessed with worldly prosperity to do liberal things for this depart¬ ment of the Society’s work. But more than this is necessary. Has not the time come to ask the churches at large for a separate offering for this object? This was done years ago. This is done by other denominations. Should we not resume, at least for five years ? "Will not the churches take a special collection annually for Church Edifice work, not with a view to making it a perpetual thing, but to meet the great demand of this and the few succeeding years? On this point the Board asks direction of the Society. It would be a crowning act of the Jubilee Year if, at this memor¬ able meeting, offerings sufficient for the erection of at least one hun¬ dred memorial churches on our mission fields should be made. REVIEW OF THE FIFTY YEARS. At the time of the organization of the Society, fifty years ago, its liirth-place. New Yo rk City, had a popu lation of about ^^0,000, and the United States less than 14,000,000, including about 330,000 free colored people, and a little more than 2,000,000 slaves. The Baptists in the land then numbered 316,659. Except a few in Missouri, there was not an organized Baptist Church then beyond the Mississippi. The population of this City has increased six-fold ; the population of the country nearly four-fold ; the Baptists of the country, more than seven-fold! Our relative increase has been from one in forty- six of the population to one in twenty-three now ; or, making the comparison with reference to the white population then and now, the showing gives us about one in thirty-seven of the population then, to one in thirty now. The strength of the denomination in many Western States is owing largely to the fostering care of feeble interests there, twenty, forty, and fifty years ago. In some States there is hardly a church of any note that has not been aided through the Society. We should have been much stronger had the requisite means been at the disposal of the Society for the timely tillage of the field. The total contributions to the work of the Society for the fifty years are $3,898,687.53, ex¬ clusive of income from invested funds. WHAT OF THE NEXT FIFTY YEARS? After the orga ni zation o f.the-,SQcieiY. ,in_J83.2 this statement was made : “We have entered on a campaign which will continue for a 42 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. century.” The first half century lias passed. That another half cen¬ tury of service is before the Society there can be no doubt. A few veterans who began the canijRiign, having fought a good fight, huger to cheer onward the militant host to greater victories. Fifty years ago our forces and resources were comparatively few. Baptists then numbered 31G,G59 as against 2,300,000 now. In the firsTyear of the Society’s history-$G,58G were raised for Home Mis¬ sions ; now, the receipts are nearly $3G0,000. Then, some friends of Foreign ^Missions looked with a little jealousy ujioii the new movement whose claims, it was feared, would lessen the contributions of the churches for the foreign work. Now, even the missionaries in heathen lands send theii’ offerings for this home work which they regard as the hope of the world ; while on the other hand the mission churches of the Society send their rivulets of offerings to the foreign work. Then, anti-mission obstructionists abounded. Now, they are looked upon as fossils of a by-gone age. Then, a vast amount of inertia had to be overcome. Now, there is a movement in favor of Home Mis¬ sions amounting to positive enthusiasm. How changed the conditions as we steji forth to the second half century of the hundred years’ campaign! And now from the past, over whose closed record we give God thanks, we turn our faces to the future, asking what of the next fifty vears? t. There is very much land yet to be jiossessed. Two-thirds of the trans-^Iississipjfi district, which is two-thirds of our country, is mis¬ sionary territory, much of it like Illinois and Iowa fifty years ago. Including Mexico, British Columbia and Alaska, we may tnily say the Society’s occupation of the continent is not more than half ac-* complished. In the Western mission fields of to-dav, where eight millions of jieople dwell, there will be from twenty to twenty-five millions in A. D. 1900, and fifty years hence a population equal to that of the whole country to-day. To assist in planting there religious institutions whose sanctifying influences shall shape the character of these millions, for time and for eternity, is our high and holy calling. To win men from the worship of mammon, whose mastery of multitudes is complete, to the worship and service of Christ; to jn’e-occiqw the land before infidelity and error become entrenched therein ; to overthrow Mormonism so that not a vestige of the foul system shall remain; to civilize and Christianize the Indian that he may become invested with the lights REPORT OF THE BOARD.-THE NEXT FIFTY YEARS. 43 and duties of other men—these are some of the things vet before the Society. Mexico, where barriers are breaking down, will demand attention for a half century. On the foundations now laid, the structure of a better civilization, a purer Christianity, rising slowly, will require our attention and care. Among those ten millions of Mexicans a hundred missionaries should be sent soon, and more as the work grows and population increases. The colored people, eighteen years ago numbering four millions, now nearly seven millions, eighteen years hence increased to twelve millions, and about half the present population of the country fifty vears hence, will need the aid of their more favored brethren, far on- ward into the fifty years to come. Eighteen years ago, among them were about 400,000 Baptist Christians, now they report 800,000 ; at the same ratio of increase eighteen years hence they will be a host of a million and a half, and long before the next half century closes more than the entire Baptist strength of the continent to-day. The kind of citizens, the kind of Christians, the kind of Baptists they are to be, depends largely upon our attitude and effort now and in the immediate future. To raise up properl}^ qualified ministers for this coming host is alone a great undertaking; for, if Ave make our calculations on the present basis of 16,000 ministers to the 2,300,000 Baptists of the land, twenty years will not pass before 12,000 pastors will be required for this people ; Avho, if 2 n’operly cared for, will not only be a blessing instead of an apjireheiided curse to this land, but Avill send light-bearers, and means to sustain them, all through the habitations of cruelty in the Dark Continent Avhere their kindred dwell. To all these things add the mighty stream of immigration, Avliose turbid religious currents mingle with our own, either to jiollute them or to be purified by the alchemy of divine truth, and the task before us becomes herculean. But, “ with God all things are jiossible. ” And lastly, to helj:) secure substantial and suitable houses of worshqi for the more than 2,000 houseless churches of the land now, and as many more in the next tliirt}^ years, this also in itself is a great work, Avhich, though mentioned last, is by no means least in iini^ortance. There has been a great increase, not only in numbers, but also in the financial resources of the denomination. What Avas regarded a fortune fifty years ago, is a common thing in this day Avhen men have their millions. The solemn thought is Avhether, as a jieo^fie, Ave honor God Avith our substance according as He has jDi’ospered us? For a 44 FI FTIKTH AN N1 VEIiSA E Y. work SO vast, so varied, so important, this Society should have at least ^400,000 annually, and within five years $500,000 annually. It is plainly within our power to do this. Less than this will not meet the demands; will not be wortln' of us as Christians ; will not be worthy of us as descendants of heroes who not only sacrificed their temporal estate, but reputation, and ease, and even life itself, in resistance to error and in support of the truth ; less than this will not properly lionor God whose gifts we hold, whose stewards we are. Great are our possibilities; great will be the results if we come up to the full measure of our duty. Taking courage from the past, consecrating anew our forces and resources to this service, trusting God for the future, we move onward in the lines of our operations, summoning and welcoming with us all who with us believe that what should be done we must attempt to do. i3y order of the Board. S. S. CONSTANT, Chairman of Executive Board. Adopted by the Society, May 26, 1882. (JoiTCKponding Secretary. PROCEEDINGS OF THE American Baptist Home Mission Society AT ITS FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY MEETING, May 24th, 25th and 26th, 1882. FIRST SESSION. Wednesday Moening, May 24th. INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES—OBITUARIES—INDIAN MISSIONS. The Fiftieth Annual Meeting of The American Baptist Home Mis¬ sion Society was held in the First Baptist Church, New York City, commencing Wednesday, May 24th, 1882. The meeting was called to order at 10 A. M., by the President, Hon. Janies L. Howard, of Hartford, Conn. After the singing of the hymn, “ Sound, sound the truth abroad,” led by W. H. Hoane, Mus. H., of Cincinnati, Edward Lathrop, H. D., of Connecticut, read the 72d Psalm. The Convention was led in prayer b}" T. I). Anderson, H. I)., for¬ merly pastor of the First Church, now of Boston, Mass. The President : I have now the pleasure of introducing to you the Rev. Dr. John Peddie, the pastor of this church, who has some words of welcome for us. 4G FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. ADDRESS OF WELCOIME. t AEr. Chairman and Brethren:— No more ])leas:int task Mas ever assigned to me in connection Avitli our belov'ed denomination than to extend to you some words of welcome and Christian salutation. The thought that runs like a thread of gold through Paul’s epistles M^as fellowship for all lovers of his Lord. Others might set down wdiat he had to say on doctrine and duty; but M'hen he ^vould express the ful¬ ness of his heart for his brethren, his omii hand grasj^ed the j^en and wrote the glorious greeting. Strong attachments often arise from one¬ ness of occui^ation. No one lays his hand aright to any trade till he gives his heart to those engaged in it. And so we need not be sur¬ prised at the springing up of these “ great brotherhoods ” of thought and toil in our omui and other lands. But there can be no bond be- tween human souls like the high calling of God in Christ Jesus. And, if we sometimes behold men crossing states, continents, and mighty seas to attend labor conventions and assemblies of science and art, surely the sight of this morning ought to be much more welcome to our eyes. Brethren, the thoughts that bring us together within these \valls are the greatest that can touch and thrill the hu¬ man heart. Largest earthly enterprises dv'arf before the magnitude to which you are to give your words of counsel, help and cheer, are not those of to-day and to-morroAv, but of all time and eternity, and are fed by the fountain thoughts of man’s sin and soitoav, the grave, God, and immortality. It is said that when the gladiators appeared in the Roman amj^hitheatre they halted before the emperor and shouted, ‘‘ Ciesar, men about to die salute you !” Then the monarch waved his hand in recognition ; the sentiment swept like a wave over tlie multitudes, and echoes rent the air as the crowds cheered the combatants on to conquer or die. And Mdien we see a body of men striving to meet and answer the great questions of eternal life and destiny for themselves and mankind, if .^ve do not feel for them—greet and bid them Godspeed in their sublime endeavors—it is because there is nothing in us capable of responding to the high, the noble, and he¬ roic in either life or death. AVell might the busy world of mammon pause and look on in sympathy, and the secular press crowd its columns M'ith M’hat you say and do. (Applause.) Friends of our Home AEission Society, we welcome you! This country, that we fondly call our own, you claim must forever belong to Christ. It Avas founded on this principle. This republic Avas PROCEEDINGS.-ADDRESS OF WELCOME. 47 rooted in religion. While tlie Nortlimen who landed on the shores of Old England sought refuge in a fort and advanced by force of arms, the Pilgrims who planted their feet on “Plymouth Rock” sounded the key-note of their concpiering life by singing a psalm of praise. Between that sacred song and our present greatness and prosperity as a people, there is a closer and far more vital connection than historians have ever dreamed. It seems as if our country was designed to be the battle ground of conflicting customs and ideas that should gather together from all nations upon its soil for a fair and final fight. Problems which long perplexed ancient kingdoms have soon been solved and settled in our larger light. Wrongs sheltered for ages under thrones and tyrannies have been throttled to death al¬ ready in the Herculean grasp of our young Republic. And if to-day the oppressed on every shore are turning to us their longing eyes, it would be a crime against God and humanity to close either our east¬ ern or western gate against their coming. It would be a blight upon ourselves. A nation, like a family, will degenerate in its type of man¬ hood by too much intermingling and intermarrying. We need the infusion of foreign life and blood to make us vigorous and strong. And if with all our God-given advantages we cannot baptize them into our spirit and assimilate them in due time to the life and laws of our commonwealth, we deserve to perish. And better to die in the grand attempt than to seek protection behind the barriers of national fear and bigotry. (Applause.) A gentleman in London once said to me: “We only send you over every year the stuff that floats to the surface, you know.” And I said, “ That is the way we get cream in our country and leave skimmed milk behind.” (Laughter.) But even if European powers push over on to us only their ignorant and degraded classes, as they call them, we will show them what can be done with them. Some years ago, ' in Paris, the puzzling question was how to dispose of the ever accu¬ mulating filth of the streets. And the broad fields around answered, “Carry it out and deposit it on us; we will turn it into glorious fruits and flowers.” And to foreign nations we say, “ Send us over yOur poor and degraded you would trample under foot in your overcrowded towns and cities, and on our wide plains and prairies, under the foster¬ ing light and care of free institutions, of education, and religion, we will make out of them such noble specimens of manhood as never grew on your cramped and narrow soil. We have no doubt this can be done if we will only multiply our schoolhouses and churches, so that they will ante-date the coming of the emigrant and exile wherever 48 FIFTIETH ANNIVER.SARY. he may settle down to staA" within our borders. To do this demands k 4/ the largest measures of doing and giving on our part. And we wel¬ come you to this city, where you can see these tides of foreign j^opu- lation poured on to us by thousands every week. We ask you to go to Castle Garden and look this fact in the face, till the sight of youi* eyes Avill affect your heart, and you w^ill go back to your homes to gird you for the toil as you have never done before. Kepresentatives of our Publication Society, we bid you all hail! In days when thoughtful j^atriots on every side are feeling it is high time for our government to lay a firmer hand on the pages of foul litera¬ ture and forbid its circulation, you are proving that the printing press can be held to its heavenly mission and serve the highest ends of truth. To change words but not the sentiment of what another has sung, you have made it “ Come down to its work with a will and a clank, Smiting type in the face and the wrong in the liank, And with pure leaves of life to drift the world white, While it snows down the ages its treasures of light.” We welcome you, too, because you have shown that our denomina- tion does not creep along the shallow shoals of ignorance, that it grows and glories in the broadest intellectual culture, and the path of its best progress lies along the lines of the education of all the peo- 2)le. It is not for me to say, where years and rij^est wisdom should sj^eak, what added resj^onsibilities this great occasion should give to your truth. But the energy, the enterj^rise, and economy with which all your affairs have been conducted have won the confidence of the « whole denomination, and it has no care that might not be safely com¬ mitted to the shadow of your wings. (Aj)plause.) Friends of the jMissionary Union, with all your toilers from far- off' fields, welcome ! welcome here! Well enough we know it was a world-Avide commission that started from the centre of Christ’s na¬ tional love. Home missions in any form are a mockery that hold out no hojDe for the heathen. Never can our country or denomination come u}) to the divine ideal till God can say of each, “ in thee shall all the nations of the earth be blest.” In these great Societies we welcome here, we behold but one brotherhood, a trinity of jDOwer in which we all rejoice, binding us together by the threefold cord which cannot be broken. Friends of the American and Foreign Bible Society, you have been PROCEEDINGS.-ADDRESS OF WELCOME. 49 already welcomed, by your honored president at the Society’s meet¬ ing yesterday, but we renew that welcome to-day. Brethren from the East and West, from the North and South, from Canada, bound closely to us by material interests and one with us under the banner of the cross, we welcome you, one and all! If, in legislative halls, the^ ciying need is for great, generous statesmen, who cannot say the mean and little word, but only the large and lov¬ ing as they seek to represent a reunited nation, so in the great gather¬ ings of God’s people, there ought to be no place for the small voice of selfishness, bickering, or strife, but largest room for the widest words of unity, peace, and progress, and heart-felt greetings for all laborers in the cause of our blessed God beyond our own borders. (Applause.) Last, but not least. Sisters of our Women’s Missionary Societies, we welcome you to your rightful place by our side as co-equals in every good word and work for the IMaster. Mistake delayed this re¬ cognition so long. No cause can prosper as it ought that counts out your inspiration and influence. May your names rank high in the Lamb’s book of life with those worthy women whom the apostle so gladly acknowledged his helpers in the Gospel. In behalf of the Baptist Conference which meets in our city, as generous-hearted men as I ever knew, and who voted unani¬ mously to invite you in behalf of the whole Baptist brother¬ hood, who, if they had homes equal to their hearts, would not leave a single friend or delegate here at his own charges to¬ day ; in behalf of the old mother-church, wLo, as she sits on the summit of this hill, like the Iiomjin matron, proud of her children gathered around her, points to the growing churches of the city and the regions round about, saying, “these are my jewels in be¬ half of her and them, I welcome you Avith all my heart. In Bethany Christ had a house and a heart reception. The former was given by Martha who, fretted with domestic care and the thought of feasting Him, overlooked the welcome more jirecious to her Lord. The latter was given by Mary Avho, sittmg at His feet, drank Avith her soul the SAveet lessons of His love. Brethren, if there cannot be a home recep¬ tion for each one of you, rest assured there is a heart reception for you all. Gladl}" Avill Ave sit and listen at your feet, and drink into our souls the Avords of life you have given us, rejoicing AAdiile you stay, sorroAving most of all AAdien you leaA^e us, and hoping to live to see the daA" when we shall Avelcome your return. [Applause.] FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. r)0 Tlie President then delivered the following address : ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT. ih’ethren of the American Baptist Home ^Mission Society : It is my pleasant duty to welcome you to-day to our semi-centennial feath¬ ering, as well as to the usual annual meeting of bur Society, and not only to welcome the regular members and delegates from our churches, hut also to extend a hearty greeting to those who come as honored delegates from our State Conventions. They are warmly welcomed, bringing as they do the assurance that our work is watched, believed in, and sympathized with so fully by those who have the especial care of Home and Domestic Missions in their respective States. Their sympathy and cooperation are felt by us as a strong suppoid, and their presence to-day is cause for sincere congratulation. We gatlier under circumstances unusually gratifying. Too often have those meetings been attended with gi’ave and anxious fears. With missionanes in the field, an empty treasury, a heavy debt, the (piestions how to sustain the workers, how to meet our indebtedness, and where to look for the future, have burdened all hearts. Not so to-day. True, we have not reached the high point aimed at for this semi-centennial year, but we have done well—increasing handsomely both the work and the receipts to more than $350,000: all debts ])aid, and a balance in the treasury. (Applause.) This is indeed a red letter day for the American Baptist Home Mission Society, and well may our able and hard-working Secretary exclaim, “Jubilate,’^ and well may we all say “Amen.” Yet our joy is not unmixed with sadness. One year ago our late President, Hon. AVm. Stickney, occupied this place; his noble phys¬ ique seeming to give assurance of a long life of usefulness. A few months later death called him from his many activities, and he went out from us. He was a man of affairs, greatly honored and trusted, an earnest Christian, much loved in the church of which he was an active and influential member. We mourn, too, our former beloved Secretary, Rev. SewaU S. Cut¬ ting, D.D., who also has passed away since our last meeting. He was a royal man—successful, whether as pastor, editor, professor, or Sec¬ retary. His influence in arousing our denomination in the cause of education will long be felt, and his work as Secretary of this Society long be remembered. His devotion to his work, his love to Christ, his genial and unselfish nature, make many of us sorrow that “we shall see his face no more.” PROCEEDINGS.-ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT. 51 Fifty years have passed since, in this city, a gathering of earnest and honored brethren met, inspired by a lofty desire to extend the blessings they had received to the many outside of the favored spots where the Gospel was regularly preached. They associated them¬ selves in the formation of this Soidety. How true of them that “they builded better than they knew.” By them the tree was planted, small indeed, at first, but now grown so that its branches spread wide and free, reaching beyond all anticipated limits. Having in view only the new States of Ohio, Michigan, and Indiana, and far off Illinois, how could even they, with them earnest and prophetic gaze, have forseen the results of fifty years’ work of this Society which they were founding in prayer and faith ? That during that time more than 2,500 different persons would be employed as missionaries, 2,800 churches established, 87,000 converts baptized, and about $4,000,000 be received and disbursed ? But mere statistics of missionaries sent into the field, churches established, and money raised, give but a faint idea of the results accomplished. What these have been who shall say ? How many hearts have been made glad ? How many commun¬ ities have been redeemed from irreligion and vice, and made the homes of worshipping and happy people ? When we recall the fact that the nation is simply an aggregation of indBiduals, and that the character of the former is but the sum total of the characters of the latter, we find cause for rejoicing, not only as Christians, but as patri¬ ots, that this work has been begun, and that each succeeding year has seen it groAving in scope and effectiveness. With the wonderful growth of our nation in all material prosperity, there ought to be a proportionate activity of religious life. If the latter does not keep pace Avith the former, Avho can doubt, in the light of past history, that we shall fail to acquire the solid greatness which the providence of God has made it possible for us to attain. Our land has become the asylum of the oppressed of all the Avorld. Hither come emigrants from all nations—European, Asiatic, and Afri¬ can, in Avonderful numbers, with all the vices and virtues of the Old World, Avith its superstitions and its infidelity, its religions and irreligions. How are they to become Americans? Hoav are we to resist and overcome the many malign inlluences AAdiich they bring? Hoav preserve our time-honored institutions from their as¬ sault? Hoav keep the trust of restrained and law-abiding liberty com¬ mitted to us by our fathers, except by multiplying agencies for teach¬ ing as we have been taught the truths of revealed religion, of hope and trust in God ? And Avhen Ave fully grasp the thought that by 52 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. this transfer of the Foreign Field to our own shores the work of a niissionarv and that of a patriot are made identical, we cannot fail to realize that the grandest opportunity of the centuries is ours, or doubt that we should hasten to improve it in the spirit of those who honor God and love their country. [Applause.] Thank God! we are not alone in this work. Our brethren of other denominations are also engaged in it, and we record with thankfulness the results accom- 2 )lished by them, so liberal, so extended, and so successful. Let us do our work also, stimulated to gTeater activit}" by a generous emu¬ lation. Again I welcome you to services suitable to the occasion. Duiing the meeting you will have from honored and able brethren a look at the j)ast and a forecast of the future. Let us gather insjDiration as we listen, and so inspired do our duty, as our fathers did theirs, that when another fifty years shall have passed, and another gathering be had, in which but few of us can hope to jDarticipate, our successors may honor us, as we honor those who, having finished their work, have entered into their rest. We believe we have the truth : let us j^roclaim it : let us sow the seed by all waters : let us establish churches and Sabbath-schools, jdant seminaries, send missionaiies, using every means given us, and so hasten the time when the motto of our Society shall be realized and North America be won for Christ. (Apjdause.) Dr. Morehouse : I have a ^deasant duty to jDerform at this stage of the proceedings. Many important matters are to be discussed on this occasion. Many men will desire to speak. It may be that some man with an unruly member, or some one so absorbed in his re¬ marks as to become oblivious of the j^^issing moments, may require the gentle taj) of a President’s gavel to bring him to order. It oc¬ curred to me, therefore, to prepare something of this sort; and months ago, I suggested to a friend on the Pacific Coast to furnish me with some California wood, which might be incorporated in the head or handle of such a gavel. The suggestion was ado^ited ; and he has brought here to jiresent to this Society on behalf of the California State Convention a gavel of his own designing, beautifully executed in the machine sliojis of one of the great railroads of California. The jiresentation to this Society will now take jilace ; and I ask Dr. G. S. Abbott of California, to make the same. Dr. Abbott : The service I am asked to jierform, by our beloved PROCEEDINGS.-PRESENTATION OF GAVEL. 53 and honored Secretary, 'svas not contemplated in the construction of the gavel, at all. I am, however, very happy to perform this service to-day. In this letter which Dr. Morehouse wrote to me, a request was made that I furnish a piece of California wood, and if possible a piece of wood from the big trees of the Sequoia species. I, at once, found that it would be impossible to work this big tree wood, it be¬ ing so porous and so light in character, into a gavel; and that it would probably be impossible for Dr. Morehouse to complete the handle satisfactorily to himself or to you; and so the concep¬ tion grew upon me of undertaking the very great task myself. I found that by a union of ten pieces of wood in the head and in the handle, I could prepare a gavel that might be acceptable to you, as the President of our Society ; and I have before me, and in this case, which comes also with it, from the jewehy establishment of Shreve & Co., the Tiftanys of San Francisco, a gavel, which repre¬ sents the Fachic Coast, which represents the Southern Coast, and which struck upon a block of granite from the State of Maine, which I am told Dr. Morehouse has in readiness, may fairly be considered as symbolizing the United States—the extreme Northeast, the far West and the South—in a symbolism of national work and of denomi¬ national w^ork, wdiich I honestly believe, to be the grandest denomi¬ national work under the stars. The handle is made of eight pieces of wood of the Pacific Coast, viz.; cedar (Alaska), madrona (Oregon), maple, laurel, big-tree (se¬ quoia), and manzanita (California), mountain mahogany (Nevada), and mesquit (Arizona). The head of the gavel is made chiefly of live oak, from extreme Southern California; and in the end a piece of jmre white southern coast holly. About the head, on a line with the handle, there is a rim or band of silver, from the Union Consoli¬ dated Mine, Nevada, held by a wooden button, holding in gold casing a piece of California gold quartz, from Siskiyou County. The wood work was finished by the notably fine workmen of the Central Pacific Railroad repair shops, at Oakland Point. The silver and quartz are the contribution of Mr. Charles Roberts of Oakland, and the jewelry work and case are contributed by Mr. Pedar Sather, from Shreve’s jewelry establishment, San Francisco. There is inscribed on it these words ; The General Bajjtint Convention of California, to the American Baptid Home Mi^don Society. Jubilee, 1882. North America for Chrid.’’ May this gavel be the symbol of the authority of your office. If you find anyone so unwilling to abide by the rules of the hour as ta 54 FIrTIETH ANNIVERSARY. cease speaking when his time to cease conies, I shall justify you, and so will all present, I think, justify you, in its use^ and in reciting for his beneht the story, which had its origin in New York, I belieye, in a club discussion, the theme of which discussion was : “ Has an oyster brains"? ” The man who took the negatiye, took all the time of the club. Another member, in a yery brief siieech, said: “It is de¬ monstrated that an oyster has brains ; for it knows when to shut uj^.” [Laughter.] In behalf of the Conyention of California, which has had its first anniyersary within three weeks, I present this gayel, which I hold in my hand, as an evidence of its appreciation of your work. May this gavel, slight as the gift is, beautiful as it is, rich as it is, solid as it is, be the symbol of the solid heart, the fire, the purity, and the grace of the denomination before which I am proud to stand. In behalf of all our people, around this globe, I present this gift to your Society. IMay it be a symbol of the possession of the ages, the heir of all the ages, until the latest lapse of time. [Applause.] Dr. Morehouse : And the slab of red granite from Mount Desert on the Coast of Maine completes the arrangement. The President : Y"ou have heard the presentation of the gavel, and know the use for which it is intended. It is to be like the old battle axes of the old warriors. If any man goes beyond his time, it will knock him speechless. The President of this Society has only to * obey orders. Like others here, he is under orders. I will announce at this point two of the Committees: On Arrangementi <.—John Peddie, D.D., N. Y.; Pev. A. Blackburn, Ind. ; Rev. T. S. Samson, Conn. ; Rev. T. S. Barbour, N. J.; Rev. S. P. Merrill, Me. On Enrollment. —Rev. Norman Fox, N. Y.; Rev. J. Donnelly, Mich.; Rev. D. 1). Projier, Iowa.; Rev. P. S. Moxom, O.; Rev. S. H. Greene, D. C. The hymn, ‘' Blest be the tie that binds, ” was then sung. The President : 4Ve will now have the x^easure of listening to the re|3ort of the Board, liy Rev. Dr. H. L. ^Morehouse, our Secretary. Portions of the rejiort were then read. Dr. Morehouse : I think, Mr. President, this is all that it is neces¬ sary for me to read at this stage of the proceedings ; and I beg leave, on liehalf of the Board, to submit the Annual Rexioil with these state¬ ments. “ Coronation ” was then sung. pkocep:dings.—the year’s work. 55 The President : We will now listen to the report of the Treasurer, rendered by Mr. J. Ct. Snelling. our Assistant Treasurer. t/ * The report of the Treasurer was then read and accepted. Dr. T. D. Anderson : Mr. President : I move that, with gratitude to God for the intelligence contained in the report of the Executive Board, we accept it. The motion was carried. The President : We will now have the pleasure of listening to Kev. Dr. Wm. M. Haigh, of Illinois, in a review of the year’s work. THE YEAR’S WORK. Ylr. President : I wish to present just one thought. It seems to me that the work of the year presents an earnest effort to put our Home Missions in sympath}', not only with the Nineteenth Century, but with the last quarter of the Nineteenth Centuiw. All the changes wrought during these fifty years past, have made such a contrast between the first quarter of the Nineteenth Century, that it seems as though two centuries had intervened between them. New York lighted her streets with oil fifty years ago. Peter Cooper had not built his first locomotive. Now, the electric light, the limited express train, the telegraph and the telephone mark the changes that have been wrought. These changes have wrought corresponding changes in our Home Mission work. It now takes only six days to pass from the seaboard to the Pacific. Our railroads stretch themselves into the wilderness and beckon on the people; and they listen to the call bj" hundreds, by thousands, by millions. Towns and villages spring up in a night ; and the Society which intends to mould such communities must be promptly on hand, and not only promptly on hand, but on hand with effective aid. AVe can no longer send a missionary there, and keep him waiting five or ten years for a meeting-house. He must have a church in which to work. AVe must put in his hands the first blessed opportunity to give to his church a local habitation; and the Society that fails to aid him in doing this may be compared to a city that lights its streets with oil. AVhy, Sir, the first six houses will not go up in the establishment of a new town, but one of them will be a saloon ; and a man might venture his life upon the certainty that the first railroad that thunders through those streets will have a cargo of whiskey and beer on board; while many and many a time, years pass by before the missionary and the meeting-house follow. There is truth. Sir, wonderful truth, in a FIFTIET H ANN IVERSARY. OG sentence that an excellent lady uttered a short time ago in a mission¬ ary meeting. • She said, “ Brethren and Sisters : While sin is mov¬ ing West hy steam, it will never do for Christianity to go afoot.” We can in no such manner take North America for Christ. I believe, Sir, that the work of the past year has been an earnest effort to put our Home Missions abreast of necessities like these; not that in what we have already done we are really perfect; but that we feel Christ has called us in a country like this, at such a time, that we may go forth and take this country for Himself. (Applause.) The President : We will now listen to the repoiT of the Commit¬ tee on Obituaries bv Bev. Dr. H. S. Bdrrage, of Maine. ^Vt the re- quest of Dr. Biurrage, the report was read b}- B. J. Adams, D. D., ]V[ass. BEPOBT OF COMMITTEE ON OBITUABIES. It is a great truth of Scripture, that it is appointed unto men once to die. But it is also a great truth of Scripture, that for the servant of God to die is gain. And this is our consolation to-day. On this fiftieth anniversary of the Home Mission Societ}^ we look in vain for not a few of those who for many years have been wont to meet with us on these anniversary occasions; sainted men of God, who loved their country, and who desired that all within its borders might come under the elevating, saving intiuence of the Gospel of Christ. The world may forget them. “ How instantly the air will close on this arrowy path,” once exclaimed Ilufus Choate, as he thought of his own career, brilliant as it was. It matters not. There is a better, nobler life beyond. “ To die is gain.” Among those who have left us is one who presided over our deliberations at Indianapolis a year ago, Hon. William Stickney, of Washington, D. C. He died Oct. 13, 1881, after an illness of only four days. He was born in Vassalboro, Maine, April 11, 1827, and was graduated at Columbian College in 1848. After practising law a short time in St. Louis he returned to Washington, where the remainder of his life was spent. He was a Trustee, Secretary, and Treasurer of Columbian College, Secretarj^ of the Columbian Deaf and Mute Institution, and one of the Board of Indian Commissioners, as well as its Secretary. Our denom¬ inational interests in Washington had his earnest support. He was a faithful member of the Calvary Baptist Church, always untiring in his efforts to promote its welfare. One of his last labors was the erection of a chapel in memory of his son, his only child, who preceded him to the heavenly rest. He was elected President of the Home Mission Society at Saratoga in 1879, and was re-elected in 1880. In his death the Society loses a devoted, efficient helper and friend. Another whom we miss to-day was lately the Corresponding Secretary of this Society. Sewall S. Cutting, D.D., died in Brooklyn, N. Y., February 7, 1882. He was born in Windsor, Vermont, January 19, 1813. When eighteen years of age he entered Waterville College, Waterville, Maine, where he remained two years, completing his course at the University of Vermont, and graduating with the highest honors. March 3i, 1836, he was ordained pastor of the Baptist Church in West Boylston, Mass. A year later he was called to the pastorate of PROCEEDINGS.-REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON OBITUARIES. 67 the Baptist Church in Southhridge, Mass. In 1845, he became editor of the Kev:i York Recorder, and devoted himself to editorial work in various positions until 1855, when he was elected Professor of Rhetoric in the University of Rochester. This position he retained until 1868, when he resigned and accepted the Secre¬ taryship of the American Baptist Educational Commission. In 1876, he was elected Corresponding Secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, and he continued to discharge the duties of the office until his resignation in 1879. Subsequently, by appointment of the Board, he was engaged in special matters pertaining to the Society’s investments. He then went to Europe for needed rest, and remained abroad more than a year. His return did not long ante-date his death. He possessed a vigorous intellect, carefully trained, and found great delight in literary work. The cause of education was dear to his heart, and in his labors to advance our educational interests he performed a ser¬ vice for the denomination which ought never to be forgotten. He loved this Society, and during his official connection with it, at an important period of its history, he was earnest and faithful in the discharge of his duties. At all times and in all places he was true to his convictions, and nothing could swerve him from what he regarded the path of duty. Velona R. Hotchkiss, D.D., died at his home in Buffalo, N. Y., January 4, 1882. He was born in Spafford, N. Y., June 15, 1815. He was graduated at Madison University in 1838, and settled as pastor of the Baptist Church in Poultney, Vermont, where he remained until 1842. He then accepted a call to the Second Baptist Churc hin Rochester, N. Y. In 1846, he became pastor of the First Baptist Church in Fall River, Mass. In 1849, he accepted the pastorate of the Washington St. Baptist Church in Buffalo, N. Y., where he remained till 1851, when he was elected Professor of Church Historv in Rochester Theological Seminary. In 1865, he again became pastor of the Washington St. Baptist Church in Buffalo, and highly honored as a preacher and pastor he retained the position until a few years before his death. He possessed noble intellectual gifts, rare scholarship, genuine refinement, and his life was a beautiful illustration of the great truths which he delighted to preach. William T.Brantly, D.D., died in Baltimore, Md., March 6, 1882. He was a son of Dr. W. T. Brantly, of sainted memory, and was born in Beaufort, S.C., May 1, 1816. His collegiate studies he pursued at Brown University, where he was graduated in 1840. Soon after he was called to the pastorate of the Green St. Baptist Church in Augusta, Ga., where he labored with great success for eight years. In 1848, he accepted the professorship of Belles-Lettres, History and the Evidences of Christianity in the University of Georgia, which he filled with dis¬ tinguished ability until 1856. He was then invited to the pastorate of the Tabernacle Baptist Church in Philadelphia, which he accepted and held five years. In 1861, he took charge of the Second Baptist Church in Atlanta, Ga., retaining the position until 1871, when he was called to Baltimore to succeed Dr. Richard Fuller, as pastor of the Seventh Baptist Church in that city. With this church the remainder of his days were spent. On the morning and evening of the day before his death he preached with his usual vigor and impressiveness to large congregations. An earnest, eloquent, instructive preacher, genial and sympathetic in his intercourse with men, he was greatly beloved as a pastor and friend, and the tidings of his sudden departure were sorrowfullj^ received in northern as well as southern homes. 58 FIFTIETH ANNI\^RSARY. James O. Mason, D.D., was born at Fort Ann, N. Y., Dec. 25, 1813. He pur¬ sued his studies at the Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution, and was graduated in 1836. In 1838, he was ordained and went to the Indian Territory as a missionary to the Creek Indians. Compelled to abandon this work he settled as pastor at Fort Ann in ^lay, 1840, where he remained four years, and then removed to Greenwich, N. Y., where he became pastor of the Bottskill Baptist Church, and where, except for a short time, he remained until his death. He was a man of deep, unaffected piety, and his ministry was marked with fre¬ quent ingatherings. He died Dec. 16, 1881. E. J. Goodspeed, D.D., was born at Johnsburgh, N. Y., May 31, 1833. He was graduated from the University of lloehester in 1853, and from the Ilochester Theological Seminary in 1856. His first pastorate was at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., where he was ordained soon after completing his theological studies. In 1858, he accepted a call to the pastorate of the Bajjtist Church in Janesville, Wisconsin. He retained this position until 1865, when he became pastor of the Second Bap¬ tist Church in Chicago. On account of ill health he resigned this position in 1876, and sought rest and refreshment. A year later, as pastor of the Central Baptist Church in Syracuse, N. Y., he returned to the work which he loved so well, and in which he had been so greatly blessed. But in 1879 he was again obliged to relinquish it. In October of that year he accepted the Presidency of Benedict Institute at Columbia, South Carolina. His genial nature and his ability as a teacher eminently fitted him for the duties of this position ; but he was soon called from his work to his reward. He died suddenly June 12, 1881. Hon. Jesse P. Bishop died at his residence in Cleveland, Ohio, Oct. 28th, 1881. He was born in New Haven, Vt., June 1st, 1815. In 1836, he went to Ohio, entered the senior class of Hudson College, and graduated with honor in 1837. Judge Bishop was one of the veterans of the Cleveland bar, a man of high standing as a Christian, a citizen and a jurist, with extensive acquaintance and wide influ¬ ence. For thirty-nine years he was a member of the First Baptist Church in Cleveland, and labored incessantlj’' to promote its welfare. He was highly esteemed for his useful services and habitual liberality. He was elected one of the Vice-Presidents of the American Baptist Home Mission Society and took a deep interest in its great and important work. Other names, both of deceased directors and life members, will be found in the Annual Report. We cannot refrain, however, from a brief mention on this occasion of such brethren as Rev. Aaron Perkins, D.D., whose faithful services as pastor in Hamilton, N. Y'’., New York City, Salem, N. J., and other places, are gratefully remembered; Rev. David Wright, a pastor in Connecticut, Ylassa- chusetts and NewY'^ork, and long engaged in missionary work among the smaller churches; Rev. E. J. Averj', of Hightstown, N. J., a successful educator, and de¬ voted Christian worker; Rev. J. E. Cheshire, pastor at Lyons Farm and Bridge- ton, N. J., Philadelphia and other places ; and such laymen as Hon. Thomas W. Ewart, of Granville, Ohio ; Henry Chisholm, of Cleveland, Ohio ; Peter Balen, of Plainfield, N. J.; George F. Davis, of Cincinnati, Ohio; George B. Peck, of Providence, R. I.; David Cairns, of Bloomfield, N. J.; James Johnson, of Newark, N. J.; all men who loved the cause of their divine Re¬ deemer, and rejoiced at its progress at home and abroad. These faithfully PROCEEDINGS.-REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON WORK AMONG INDIANS. 59 served their generation. They now rest from their labors, and their works do follow them. “We weep as, one by one, we lay Our brethren with the garnered host, While gratefully the ages say Heroic lives are never lost.” H. S. Burkage, D.D., Me. H. F. Smith, D.D., N. J. S. B. Page, D.D., Ohio. B. J. Adams, Mass. Rev. j. N. Chase, N. H. Committee. Rev. Dr. H. M. Bixby, of R. I., led the Society in prayer. The President. We will now have the pleasure of listening to the re¬ port of the Committee on Indian Missions, by Rev. Dr. T. J. Morgan, of Potsdam, N. Y. REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON WORK AMONG THE INDIANS. Your Committee, to whom was referred the subject of our mission work among the Indians, beg leave to report as follows: 1. The so-called ‘^Indian Problem,” that is, the question of what shall be done with the Red Man—involving as it does the welfare, if not the very ex¬ istence, of over three hundred thousand of the descendants of those who once held undisputed sway over this whole vast continent, and involving likewise the peace and prosperity of our Western borders, and the honor of our national name—is one that calls upon statesmen and philanthropists alike, for a speedy and wise solution. 2. The vast influx of foreign immigration, and the steady progress of this great tide into the Western wilds, narrowing more and more the realms of the savage, forces upon us as a nation the necessity of either destroying the Indian or of incorporating him into our national life. 3. It is a matter of congratulation that the public sentiment of the coun¬ try has steadily resisted and thwarted the efforts so persistently made to subject the Indians to the entire control of the War Department, and has so cordially favored the so-called peace policy, which looks to the ultimate civilizing and Christianizing of these wards of the Nation. 4. That there is a growing conviction of the feasibility of accomplishing this great end, is evidenced by the widespread public interest in the matter, by the enlarged contributions for schools and missions among them from the various religious denominations throughout the country, and by the increased facilities for training the younger Indians in the knowledge of books, and the arts of civilized life, which are now afforded by the General Government. 5. That it is possible to civilize and Christianize the Indian, is shown be¬ yond all cavil by what has already been accomplished among the civilized tribes in the Indian Territory; by the schools at Hampton, Carlisle, and Forest Grove; and by the success of the various teachers and missionaries at work among them. 60 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. If it should be said that this work is slow, painful, costh', and discouraging, it should be remembered that it took a thousand years to convert and civilize the savages of Northern Europe. 6. Your Committee would therefore urge upon this Society, which has al¬ ready borne an honorable part in this great work, and whose missions to-day are so full of promise—that they take no steps backward. We earnestly' recom¬ mend: 1. The enlargement and more thorough equipment of our Indian school at Tahlequah. 2. The sending of missionaries as soon as practicable to labor among the Indians of Alaska. 7. Your Committee would respectfully invite attention to the able report on this subject presented and adopted at Indianapolis, and published in the ]>ro- ceedings of this Society for 1881. T. J. Morgan, D. D., N. Y. Eobert Lowry, D. D., N. J. Eev. Sidney Dyer, Pa. Eev. D. Eogers, Ind. Ter. Chief Keokuk, Ind. Ter. Committee. The report was adopted. Dr. Peddie: The Committee oh Arrangements would like to report, if it is in order. The President : We will hear the report of the Committee on Ar¬ rangements. Dr. Peddie: The Committee would beg leave to recommend for adoption by the meeting, the order of exercises as arranged by the Board of this Society; that we meet this afternoon to hear the report on Woman’s Work, and this evening to hear the report of the Committee on Work among the Freedmen and for discussion upon these reports. The Committee would also recommend that we ad¬ journ at half past twelve, meeting at half past two, adjourning at half past five, and meeting again at half past seven and adjourning at pleasure. ORDER OF EXERCISES. WEDNESDAY FORENOON, MAY 24tH. Address of Welcome, John Peddie, D.D., N. Y.; Address by the President of the Society, Hon. J. L. Howard, Conn.; Reports of the Hoard and the Treas¬ urer. Discussion: General review of the Society’s work the past year. Report of Committee on Obituaries, H. S. Burrage, D.D., Maine ; Report of Commit¬ tee on Indian Missions, T. J. Morg.an, D.D., N. Y. Discussion : Shall a Christian school for the education of preachers and teachers be sustained in the Indian Territory? A mission to the Indians of Alaska, Capt. R. H. Pratt, Carlisle, Penn.; Wal-le-lu, Ind. Ter. WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON. Devoted to Woman’s work in Home Missions and to meetings of Committees. PROCEEDINGS.-ORDER OF EXERCISES. 61 WEDNESDAY EVENING. Report of Committee on Work among tlie Colored People, H. L. Wayland, D.D., Penn. Discussion : 1. The claims of this work on all the Baptists of America, T. C. Teasdale, D.D., Tenn. 2. Eighteen years of the Society’s work among the Colored Peojile ; some of the results, J. B. Simmons, D.D., N. Y. 3. What the Colored People are doing for themselves ; what they are unable to do. Rev. E. Owens, Ala., Rev. Wm. J. Simmons, Ky. 4. AVhat remains to be done, or the ideal of our work, T. J. Morgan, D.D., N. Y. THURSDAY FORENOON, Report of Committee on Chinese Missions, H. M. King, D.D., N. Y. Dis¬ cussion : The Christian view of the Chinese question, G. S. Abbott, D.D., Cal. Report of Committee on Missions among Foreign Populations, G. W. Lasher, D. D., Ohio. Discussion : 1, The condition of our missionary enterprises among non-English speaking peoples from Europe, Rev. J. N. Williams, Mass. 2. Unification of this work; the relations of the Society and of State Conventions to it, and to each other, in the prosecution of it. Rev. J. S. Gubelmann, Pa. 3. The problem before American Christians ; its solution. Prop. H. M. Schaefer, N. Y. THURSDAY AFTERNOON. Report of Committee on Mexican Missions, Rev, W. H. Sloan, N. Y. Dis¬ cussion : The Duty of American Baptists to Mexico and the Society’s work therein, 0. C. Pope, D.D., Texas. Rejiort of Committee on Western Missions T. Edwin Brown, D.D,, R. I. Discussion ; 1. The present growth and the de¬ mands of this mission field, Wm. Carey Crane, D.D., Texas. 2. Shall the Society buttress its mission work in Utah, and in the Southwest, as well as in Mexico, by Christian schools? S. W. Duncan, D.D., Ohio. Election of Officers. THURSDAY EVENING. Report of Committee on Church Edifice Work, Rev, Z. Grenell, Jr., Mich. Discussion : 1. The breadth and the methods of the Society’s Church Edifice Work ; the only Society of Baptists for this purpose, John H. Deane, Esq. , N.Y. 2. The facts about destitution of Church Edifices, and the relative claim of this work on American Baptists to-day, P. S. Henson, D.D., Ill. 3. How shall the necessary means be secured for this purpose? Rev. H, A. Delano, N. Y. 4, The Home Mission Society’s work as a field'for Christian investment of money. The call for consecration of means to Home Missions, W. M. Lawrence, D.D., Ill. ♦ JUBILEE EXERCISES. FRIDAY FORENOON. The Retrospect : The Past Fifty Years. —Thanksgiving, W. R. Williams, ■ D.D., N. Y’’. 1. The work and the workers of the past. Reminiscences, Wm. Hague, D.D.; Rev. S. Chase, Mich.; T. C. Teasdale, D.D., and others. 2. Re¬ sults of Home Mission work for fifty years, L. Moss, D.D., Ind. 3. Addresses by representatives of nine nationalities and peoples, among whom the Society has wrought, Rev. G. A. Schulte, N. Y". (Germans); Rev. 0. Lindh, N.Y. (Swedes); 62 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. Rev. E. S. Sunth, Wis. (Norwegians); Rev. N. P. Jensen, Ill. (Danes) ; Rev. A. L. Therkien, Quebec, Can.(French); P.\blo Rodriguez, Mexico,(Mexicans); Chu Yow, Oakland, Cal.(Chinese); Wal-le-lu,(Nath.\niel Potts, ) Ind. Ter. (Indians); Rev. J. O. Crosby, N. C. (.\fricans). 4. Addresses by a representative : (i.) Of the North Atlantic States, G, W. Bosworth, D.D., Mass.; (ii.) Of the Southern States, Rev. G. A. Nunnally; (hi.) Of the Western States, D. B. Cheney, D.D., Ill.; (iv.) Of Canada, J. H. C.^.stle, D.D., Ontario, Can.; (v.) Of the Pacific Slope, Rev. j. C. Baker, Oregon. Jubilee Hymn. FRIDAY AFTERNOON. The Prospect : The Next Fifty Years. —Prayer. 1. The work before us, W. D. Mayfield, D.D., Ark. 2. Our forces and resources for the work, Hon. James Buch.anan, N. J. 3. Addresses by representatives of State Conventions. 4. Our possibilities and duty, J. M. Gregory, LL.D., Ill. Jubilee Hymn. FRIDAY EVENING. (In the Academy of Music.) Jubilee Address : “ Lessons from the Past Fifty Years,” ]M. B. .\nderson, LL.D., President of the University of Rochester, N. Y. Jubilee Poem : “ Pafria Nostra Christo," Sydney Dyer, Ph.D,, Phila,, Penn. Jubilee Hymn. SUNDAY FORENOON. Annual Sermon : H. G. Weston, D.D., President of Crozer Theological Seminarv, Penn. Tlie report was adopted. The President: The discussion upon AVork among the Indians is the subject before the Society; and we should be very happy to hear from our brethren in five minute speeches. Dr. Morehouse: Mr. President: Allow' me to say that Captain Pratt, of the Carlisle School for Indians, the most successful institu¬ tion of its kind in the country, has kindly consented to come and be with us to-day, bringing here three of his Indian pupils, and one of the parents of one of these pupils. AVal-le-lu, otherw'ise Nathaniel Potts, from the Indian Tenitory, is present also this morning. Cap¬ tain Pratt is prepared to tell us of the success of his w'ork as an encouragement for us to contribute more largely toward the civiliza¬ tion of the Indians. The President, in introducing Captain Pratt, said that although he w'as a Presbyterian, yet he w^as a good enough Baptist for the present occasion. PROCEEDINGS.-WORK* AMONG THE INDIANS. 63 Captain E. H. Pratt : In all that pertains to work among the In¬ dians, I am a Baptist. I don’t believe in sprinkling. I believe in sousing them in all over. (Applause). This young gentleman (Nathan¬ iel Potts) I never met before. I understand he is a Cherokee. He certainly is all right. Nathaniel Potts : Bear brethren and members of the Home Mis¬ sion Society : As my education is rather limited, you will excuse any mistakes that I may make in speaking. I am a student of Professor Bacone, a teacher out in the Indian Territory, of the Cherokee nation. I have been in that school some¬ thing over two years. I am glad that I have had the privilege of at¬ tending that school, and I am glad that I have had the help of Pro¬ fessor Bacone, who is a member of the Baptist Church, and is doing a great work among the Indians. He is extending an influence that will not die when he dies. (Applause.) A Christian school among the Indians is one of the most powerful agencies for educatmg and Christianizing them that we could have. We •are not so much in need of ministers among our people as we are of Christian schools. This school has been the means, and will be the • means, of educating that people and Christianizing them. As the motto of this Society is ‘‘ North America for Christ,” I should say, and I think, that means the Indian, too. The Indian is the original inhabitant of this continent; and the work of this Society should be to aid them; and as they see the results of the work among the In¬ dians, they ought to be encouraged to contribute more largely and liberally to the aid of Christian schools among the Indians. In our school we have about fifty-eight students. There are four of them jireparing for the ministry. I am one of that number. I called you in the beginning “dear friends.” I feel that I am among my friends. It matters not in what portion of the continent I may be, if I am among Christians, I feel I am among my friends (Ap¬ plause.) I am glad that I appear before so many faces to-day that listen to me with interest; and I would like to say a great deal more, but as I am not accustomed to speaking in public, I cannot be ex¬ pected to make a lengthy speech. This school has been in operation about two years, or over two years, and it has extended a great in¬ fluence in the Cherokee nation, in the way of Christianizing the In¬ dians. The teachers of it are Professor Bacone and Carrie Armstrong, an Indian lady. If the school had been in operation for five or six years past, or even for ten years past, or had more Christian schools G4 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. been in operation, the Indians would have been a great deal fui'ther advanced in Christianity than they are. We have in the Cherokee nation over one hundred primary schools; but there are only nineteen of those schools that have Sabbath-schools connected with them. What a good thing it would be towards Christianizing the Indian people, if each of these schools could have a Sabbath-school connected with it; but there are very few of those that help the Indians to a knowledge of the Indian language that care to help them, or can lielj^ them, to a knowledge of a religious life. The most of these schools are taught by Indian teachers; but they liave not had the advantages of a good, thorough education, and, therefore, cannot do as well as they would if they were thoroughly educated. Their education is very limited—somewhat like my own —but I expect, if this Christian school shall continue, of which I am a student, to become a minister, and I hope to do a great service among my people in the way of educating and Christianizing them. Not feeling able to go any further this morning, I will ask to be excused from the platform ; and I thank you for your attention. (Applause.) Captain Pratt: This boy is a Menomonee from Wisconsin, and has been one of our Carlisle students about two years. They are a little more civilized than other tribes; but still they are savages in their practices. I thought in this rather business meeting you might like to hear a little something' tliat would be a change. This bov will recite a little piece that he has studied at the school. The boy then recited a short poem. Captain Pratt: I met this girl’s father in the Indian Territory some fifteen years ago; and he is to-day the principal chief of the Arapahoes. This is Anna Paven, the daughter of Little Paven, the chief of the Arap:ihoes ; and she will speak; and I hojie you will carrv it home with vou. The girl also recited a piece. Captain Pratt: This is Standing Bear, a chief of the Posebud Sioux. A few weeks ago he heard that his son at the Carlisle School was sick, so he and another chief, Avho had a son at the school, asked for jiermission to come to Carlisle. I said to the de})artment, let them come, if they will pay their own way and come by themselves. I want to see the Indians strike out and do something bv themselves. They started from Posebud; and they came a hundred miles to Mis¬ souri Piver, and there the other chief liecame frightened and went back—concluded that he couldn't make the journey. But this man PROCEEDINGS.-WORK AMONG THE INDIANS. 65 came on to Carlisle alone. He readied Harrisburg at four o’clock Sun¬ day morning, and as there are no Sunday trains, he found a convey¬ ance and reached Carlisle, nineteen miles away, by eight o’clock. He is a very jirogressive man, and he will say a few words to you, which will be interpreted to you by Stephen, one of our Carlisle students. Stephen is a white boy. His mother was cajitured by the Indians soon after he was born, and when he came to Carlisle he was just like the other Indians, joainted as they were, and it was difficult to tell that he was a white boy; and I brought him here on that account. He learns no more rapidly than the Indians. Most of them speak English as well as he does. [Standing Bear then sj^oke in his own tongue, which was interpreted to the audience by the boy Stephen and Cajitain Pratt. ] He says he wants to say a few words, so he came to see you to-day. He says there is one man who takes care of his people; but he don’t take care of the children; and this man who has charge of his people never tells them about the good ways. He means that the children don’t learn, so he sent some children to hunt good ways. (That is, he sent some children to Carlisle.) He says he has been to Carlisle, and he has seen the children there, and he knows now that they have learned the good ways; that he is very glad to see his children learning the white man’s ways; and he says he wants you to teach them the good way—the right way—and he wants you to help them weU. (Applause.) He says that the interpreter cannot say the words, so he stops now. .(Applause.) The President: Now, last of all, but not least, we will hear from Captain Pratt himself. Captain Pratt: As I said before, I don’t believe in sprinkling in this Indian educational work. I believe in sousing them in all over. I call it sprinkling to send one teacher out to teach, as they have done at this man’s agency, seven thousand Indians. They never will get civilized in the world, and it will be a constant failure. Bring them to the East—bring them into civilization, and give them a chance to see our civilization, to learn us as we are, and not depend upon one agent, one teacher, or one farmer to civilize seven thousand Indians. What we want is to get the Indian acquainted with us. AVe want him to know us, and we want to know him. In the present state of affairs, and the state that has existed in all the past, he has never known us except by our worst features; and we have never known him except by his worst features. And so we hav e the institutions— FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. ()() the Carlisle School, and the Hampton School, and the Forest Grove School. AVe go upon the principle, as some one has said, about con¬ tact of peoples being the best of all educators. That is what is needed just now. The Indians want to come in contact with us. AVhy, this man has learned more yesterday and to-day than he ever learned in his hfe before, put it all together. He has made more rapid strides in civilization in these two days than he ever made be¬ fore. He is one of the most progressive men among his people. He has had his first sight of the East, his first tallc with good white people in “ large houses,” who took him by the hand and made him feel that there was a chance for him. I simply say the Indians cannot be civilized unless we can bring them into contact with civilization. Let me give 3^011 a little histoiw. Seven 3 'ears ago, as an arm}" ofiicer, I was detailed to take charge of some Indian prisoners at Fort Sill. For eight years prior I had been chasing them over the plains in the West, and I have chased them from one territory to another, and I tried my best to catch them, but I never caught an Indian in that way; so I gave it up as a bad job, and concluded that it couldn’t be done—that I would either quit the army or catch Indians by some other method. I took those prisoners to Florida. They were picked out as the very worst Indians among the Pawnees, Comanches, Cheyennes and other tribes, the men wdio led in battles, who were guilty of murder, who would raid into Texas and Kansas, who would not believe but that they could drive the whites back, and who were discontented and always striving to stir up their j^eople. They were sent in irons to Florida and confined in an old fort. Eight of those men are now back among theii' people lead¬ ing them in all that is good. Agent Miles, of the Cheyennes, says that they are the only exceptions to savage life among his people; and one of the most remarkable influences of the powder of the Gospel over men can be seen in those Indians. Rev. ]Mr. Wicks, of the Episcopal Church—I don’t know whether he is here this morning, I don’t see him—took four of them into his own family and house in western New A'ork, after 1 had them one year, and he kept them three years longer, and he brought them forward in their education; and to-day two of those men are ordained deacons in the Ejfiscopal Church, and are out at their agencies doing Christian work. One of them, at one time, during my care over them, I expected to have to kill, and car¬ ried my pistol about me ready to shoot him, because he was so des¬ perate; but he gave up, and he is now at his agency teaching his people in all that is good. That is seven years ago. What can be PROCEEDINGS.-WORK AMONG THE INDIANS. 67 done for a man like that in seven years can be done for the whole lot in seven years. (Applause.) My friends, don’t put off the day a thousand years. It was indi¬ cated by your report that it took the white race thousands of years to come up. But we have, right here, our civilization. We can bring it to bear upon them at once; and it is the sublimest nonsense to say that two hundred white and black people cannot bring enough power to bear upon one Indian to civilize him, for that is the proportion of the Indians to the whites and blacks in this country. We have two hundred and sixty-one thousand Indians and we have fifty millions of people. Now you can see where the question stands. AVe Iiave tw^enty-eight blacks to one Indian, and we call the blacks civilized. They are a worse people in their savage state than are the Indians. There are many noble qualities in our Indians that we should save, and we should do it now. The question is upon us. It is to be done at this time or never. If we don’t do our duty as a Christian people, if we don’t take them uj) and elevate them and make them a i^art of us, and receive them as men and as brothers, we shall fail in our duty to God and to ourselves, and we shall be cursed through all the future in our national life; for these peojfie will drift about our country filling our poorhouses and our jails. They are becoming desperate with the situation. I talked with this man in the cars yesterday, and he is filled with the idea that if he could only get the power and the means he would civilize himself and his tribe in a very few years. The Com¬ missioner of Indian Affairs has said : ‘‘If they will only give me the appliances I will end this thing in ten years—yes, in five years. ” And I believe it can be done; but not by the reservation system, not by holding the Indians off, not by keeping from them all chance for con¬ tact with what we caU our civilization. AVe must bring them right to us, and show them by example and by precept in every way; then they will become like other people. I have at Carlisle, as the outgrowth of that prison life in Floiida, two hundred and sixty Indians, boys and girls. They come from twenty-seven different tribes—tribes that in their native life ai e at war with each other. They come to our school, and the} sit at the same table, and they room together, and all trivial differences are le moved ; and they attend our Sunday-schools in town and are received by the people, and so they become civilized rapidly. Vou see the results here. So I say to you, my friends, let us take hold of this matter, and do it at once. Let us bring to bear the foices to give those schools to every child. AA'hat is fifty thousand childien ? The (xS FIFriETH ANNIVERSARY. City of Philadelphia has a hundred and five thousand children in its public schools. It is only one of the largest cities in this vast country. And here we have fifty thousand Indian children, and the Congress of the United States labored for two whole days to see whether they should give $250,000 to educate these fifty thousand children. I hate ,the peojfie that hold back in this matter. It should go ahead. (Ap¬ plause.) Dr. ATorehouse: Air. President, permit me to read what the Board has to say on the subject of missions among the Indians. ' (Extracts from the Eeport were read—see Beport.) The Pre.sident: I will now give notice that this afternoon is de¬ voted to Woman’s AVork in Home Alissions, and meetings of Com¬ mittees. The ladies will meet here at half past two this afternoon ; and this evening we take uj^ the subject of AVork among the Colored Peojfie, led by Dr. AA^ayland, of Pennsylvania. After singing a verse of the hymn, “ Nearer Aly God to Thee,” the benediction was pronounced by AA". H. Parmly, D.D., and the con¬ vention was adjourned. PROCEEDINGS.-REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON WORK AMONG FREEDMEN. 69 SECOND SESSION. Wednesday Evening, May 24th. WORK AMONG THE COLORED PEOPLE. The exercises of the evening were begun by the singing of the hymn, “ There is a fountain tilled with blood.” Prayer was offered by the Kev. J. T. Seeley, of New York. The President: W^e will now hear the report of the Committee on AVork among the Colored People, by the Chairman, Dr. H. L. AV ay- land, of Philadelphia, whom I now have the pleasure of introducing. Dr. Wayland: I shall esteem it a great favor if you will intimate to me if I am not heard by those who are in the farther part of the room. Not being accustomed to speaking in this way, and above all, not being accustomed to speaking in these gorgeous cathedrals, I may not be able to fill all the empyrean spaces above. (Laughter.) REPOET OF COMAIITTEE ON AVORK AAIONG THE FREEDAIEN. The report of the Board has presented to the Society, with great clear¬ ness, the present aspect of this work, with the facts of special progress during the past year. We note with peculiar interest and gratitude the addition of two institutions to those under the care of the Society. One of these, “ Bishop Col¬ lege,” Marshall, Texas, is a fitting momriiient to the noble man whose name it bears, a name that will ever be associated with the elevation ot the emancipated race. The other institution, that at Louisville, Ky., was originated by the action of the Freed People themselves. In this fact, we recognize an event full of promise. In our opinion, one dollar given by the Freed People themselves is worth more to them than ten dollars from abroad. We trust that the Board will ■continue, by all possible means, to call out and encourage among them that self- help by which alone, under God, men can become free. And we note with gratitude the fact that, in almost every part of the field, there has been among these our brethren a disposition to use the first fruits of free laboi foi building up and enlarging the institutions designed for their elevation. It is matter for thankfulness that, at every point occupied by this depart¬ ment, progress has been made during the year. Especially have enlarged facili¬ ties been secured for the education of Womeii. In our opinion, the education of 70 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. women should advance alongside that of men. A race cannot be elevated while the wives and mothers remain degraded and ignorant. The men who are lifted a little, will fall back, unless there is a Christian home. Hence, if we had it in our power to educate one hundred, we would educate fifty men and fifty women rather than one hundred men. The provision for the education of physicians at Shaw' University is a step full of promise and practical benevolence. We rejoice also in the efforts for broadened and elevated theological educa¬ tion, There must be Christian leaders in order that there may be real advance. At the same time, we cannot forget the equally urgent need of an intelligent laity, of members who are wise enough to be willing to be led. Your Committee would feel that they were wanting in a just recognition of the hand of God if they did not express their sense of the wisdom which chose the location of our institutions, and laid the plans for their future, as well as of the eminent ability and consecrated zeal of the noble body of Christian laborers who have toiled as teachers, some of whom (like the eloquent Goodspeed and the devoted Stone) have laid life itself on the altar of this heaven-born work. We believe that no Christian laborers anywhere on the earth are more entitled to our confidence, gratitude, and reverence. When the Society, eighteen years ago, heeding the manifest voice of God, entered on this work, the aim was simple and one. It was to do the work. And, of course, the work had to be begun at the very bottom. But we are permitted to recognize a change in the situation. The aim note must be not merely to do the work, but to do it in the best way and on the largest scale. We should be content with nothing less than the most complete success, with the most perfect plans, carried out in the wisest way. The day of defense and apology has gone by. The duty, the possibility, of educating these our brethren, has passed be¬ yond the region of question or argiiment. It only remains for us to conciliate opposition by enlarging the work, and by making the institutions under our care the best possible, the best that the sun shines upon, so far as God shall put in our hands the means. A few principles may be regarded as established. We are to educate the Freedmen as men. Any education that fails to re¬ cognize their full, absolute, equal humanity, is fatally lacking. They are to be educated, not as colored men, not as ex-slaves, but as men. In the opinion of your Committee, allusions (in addressing them) to their former condition should be very sparing. If it is affirmed that Jehovah often reminded the He¬ brews of their former servitude, yet your Committee w'ould suggest an inquiry as to whether such reminders would have come very gracefully from the Egyptians. They are to be educated as American citizens. They should be instructed as to the rights, the powers, and yet more the duties of citizenship. They should be taught that liberty means reaping the results of their own actions and characters, whether for good or for ill. They should learn that he who is ignorant and de¬ pendent can never be free. Hence, they should be encouraged, wdienever able, to pay something for their tuition, and to devote a portion of their future earn¬ ings to extending to others the advantages which they themselves have received. They are to be educated as Christians. Their education must be one of character as well as of acquirement; it must have as its source and aim the one perfect Exemplar of manhood. With the increase of wealth which is sure to PROCEEDINGS.-REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON WORK AMONG FREEDMEN. 71 come to the Freed People, and with the possession of political power, there is the most urgent need of the elevating, guiding, inspiring influence of Christian knowledge and Christian principle. They must be educated as Protestant Christians. They must be taught to study the Word for themselves, to approach God through the only Mediator, to feel the pressing but sublime sense of individual responsibility before God. They must be taught the spirituality of true worship, and the idleness of empty form and man-made ceremony. And this all the more in view’of the efforts and the lavish expenditure which Kome is putting forth to gain these newly-made citizens and voters. They must be educated as Baptist Christians. Your Committee believe that the principles of the Baptist denomination (the New Testament as the Kule of Faith and Practice, Christ the only Head in his Church, the Ordinances as deliv¬ ered by Christ, each church a Republic with equality of citizenship and privi¬ leges) are the principles divinely adapted to raise them to the stature of men in Christ Jesus. They must be educated as Missionary Christians. They must ever have be¬ fore them the truth that each man, and above all each believer, belongs to the human race, that, as each man has received a gift, he is to minister the same, one to another, as a faithful trustee of the manifold gift of God. Your Commit¬ tee fully believe that the hope of Africa is in the Freedmen schools of America. They must be educated as Nineteenth Century Christians. The Freed People must be taught that the age calls fora degree of energy, of faith, of courage for undertaking the impossible, such as has never before been demanded. The education should, as far as possible, be of a practical character; should be such as to enable the pupils to earn their own livelihood. The women should learn to discharge all the duties that will hereafter come on them as heads of families, as housekeepers, wives, mothers. They should learn to sew and to care for a home, as well as to read and study. An educated man or woman, in the opinion of your Committee, is one who will always fall on his feet, and who can always earn his bread. In the opinion of your Committee, there should be a Normal DejDartment connected with each institution, and a school of practice, where the students, especially those intending to be teachers, may learn their future work under the most favorable auspices. Such a school of practice would be a suitable object of State aid. Your Committee are of opinion that all who are charged with the conduct of the schools should realize that, while much has been learned, much yet re¬ mains to be learned, as to the best modes of education ; nothing should be regarded as beyond enquiry. New studies are pressing their claims and are de¬ manding an attention that can be secured only by dropping some pursuits that were once deemed indispensable. Your Committee trust that the wisdom of teaching the ancient languages in the schools will be regarded as proper matter of enquiry. In our opinion, a very large portion, or all, of the limited time of the pupils is demanded by such studies as natural science, the science of gov¬ ernment, intellectual and moral science, history (especially of the United btates), hygiene, English literature, especially the English Bible, and kindred branches. It will not seldom be the case that a student will show unusual promise FIFTIETH ANNn'ERSARY. 72 and a capacity fora higher education than can be given to the great body of the Freedmen. In that case, the question will arise: shall he have the best educa¬ tion that we can give him at the South, and stop there, or shall we place him in one of our Northern colleges and give him as good an education as America can atford ? It is urged that he can be educated cheaper at the South, and that, if a Freedman is educated at the North, he will become discontented with the con¬ dition of his iieople and will be separated from them in sympathy. On the other .hand, the difference in expense may easily be balanced by the knowledge of our work which will be diffused and the symjiathy which will be created. But will it not be much cheaper to educate the student as one of a class of thirty or forty in a Northern college than to devote to two or three students at the South the entire time of one or more teachers ? If the student educated at the North should become discontented with the condition of his people, that is just what we desire. A divine discontent is the first step toward elevation. And, in the opinion of your Committee, the influence of breathing a Northern atmosphere will be a part, an essential part, of his complete emancipation. The education that comes from the spirit of the community is as valuable as that which is gained within the walls of the institution. Your Committee would also urge that, as rapidly as possible, we should rear at the South colleges of high grade which will be able to give to the most promising of the Freed People as thorough an education as anj" of our Northern institutions. While we would continue the theological work now done in all of the schools, we would also urge that one or two schools should be made in an especial sense theological institu¬ tions, for the training of the very best gifts among our brethren. There should also be started, all over the several fields, schools of lower grade, taught, if pos¬ sible, by our own graduates, which will be preparing pupils for the institutions now existing. This lower grade of schools ought to draw very slightly, if at all, on the resources of the Society. Y’^our Committee cannot be too strenuous in urging an advance and an en¬ largement in the work. Nothing can be more fatal and false than the idea that the work is done. It is hardly begun. Our twelve schools in as many States are but as sparks, amid vast masses of solid darkness. And the schools are often crowded to a degree that sets at naught comfort and that perils health. We must enlarge, we must multiply, we must improve. Your Committee would also urge that the work of endowing the schools, which has been so grandly begun with two conditional subscriptions of $20,000 and $10,000, be prosecuted with energy, until the proposed sum of $200,000 is made up. Your Committee beg leave to express their high estimate of the wisdom of the appointment of a Superintendent of the Educational work of the Society, and their hope that the Board will be able to secure permanently the services of the experienced and wise educator who has recently given to this department of labor the benefit of his counsels. Dr. John M. Gregory. In conclusion, your Committee would record their most deliberate and deep- seated conviction, that there is not to-day any more important work laid on the consciences of the Baptists of all America than the Christian education and ele¬ vation of the Freed People of this country. May it please God to give to us all the wisdom, the self-denial, the faith, that are needed to carry it forward to complete success ! And to the toils and to the glories of this work, in the name rEOCEEDlXGS.-WAYLAND SEMINARY. 73 of oiir Master, we invite, we snmnion, every one who loves God and his fellow- men. II. L. Wayland, D. D., Pa. J. 11. Ghiffith, D. D., N. Y. Pkfs. H. M. Tupper, N. C. IvEV. S. II. Greene, D. C. Key. J. W. Patterson, Ya. Hon. L. K. Fuller, Vt. O. H. Greenleaf, Esq., Mass, Committee. Dr. Morehouse: In accordance with the suggestion of the Board, I will read two or three portions of that part of the repoid refemng to WAYLAND SEMINARY, MAIN BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D. C. the Freedmen’s work; and it seems fit that I should begin with that portion which refers to an institution bearing the name of him who has prepared this report of the Committee. 74 FIFTIETH ANNIVEIISARY, Extracts from the Report on Ereedinen Avork were then read. See repoid. The President: AVe will now, if von please, have some music by our friends, from one of the colored Baptist churches in this city, after which, the report of the Committee on AVork among Freedmen being before 3’ou, the discussion will b^ commenced by the Rev. Dr. TfiASDALE, of Tennessee. Singing by the choir of the Alount Olivet Bajitist Church. The President: The first subject of discussion, you will notice, will be, “ The claims of this work on all the Baptists of America,” by the Rev. Dr. T. C. Teasdale, after which there will be an opportunity for brethren, who wish to continue the discussion in five-minute speeches, to do so. CLAIMS OF THE AVORK UPON AAIERICAN BAPTISTS. Air. President: It affords me peculiar pleasure to be present at this semi-centennial anniversary of the American Bajffist Home Alission Society, and to participate in the exercises of its first Jubilee meeting. I am one of the very few, the favored few, still living, who were present at the birth of this Society. The child, then in its swad¬ dling clothes, has now attained unto giant manhood; and it promises still to grow, until standing on the summit of the Rocky Alountains, it can extend one hand to the Atlantic Ocean and the other to the Pacific Ocean; and thus hold in the fulness of its saving embrace all the peoples of North America. Air. President, I hear it sometimes said by my brethren, that they know no North, and no South, and no East, and no AA^est; but I am happy to say. Sir, that I know them all and love them all. I am like the man who had four wives, who, when he was asked which of his wives he loved best, said, “ I love them all, but I love the last one best.” I love the North because it gave me my birth, my education, my wife, and my children. In my earlier years it seemed to me that there were no skies so blue, and no grass so green, and no streams so limpid, as those of my own native Northern Jersey. Subsequently, as I passed some seven years of my pastoral life in New England, mostly in the beautiful citv of New Haven, the citv of statelv elms, and fine churches, and elegant mansions, and splendid, grand, and noble in¬ stitutions of learning, I began to feel that the East had its charms as well as New Jersey and New York, one of which gave me my biiffh PROCEEDINGS.-CLAIMS OF THE WORK UPON AMERICAN BAPTISTS. 75 • and the other my wife. When I removed to Pittsburgh, Pennsyl¬ vania, I became more truly acquainted Avith the Keystone State, the grand arch of the Union, and learned to love it more. But, Sir, when I went out to the great West and dwelt in the capital of the prairie State and looked out upon the extensive plains, where it seemed to me that the green grass and the blue skies Avere all around me kiss¬ ing each other, I felt, as Dr. Magoon once said under similar circum¬ stances, that I was a “Yankee elongated.” (Laughter.) But, Sir, the last and the longest part of my public life has been spent in the sunny South. It is, therefore, natural that I should say that I am acquainted Avith all the sections of our great country; and that I love them all; but, as the South is my last wife, she Avould be justly jeal¬ ous if I did not say that I loved her best. In the South, with her delicious fruits, and her singing birds, and her genial climate, and her kind and noble people, I expect to end my days on earth. But, Sir, in the sense in which my brethren say that they know no North, no South, no East, and no West, Ido most heartily agree with them. No pent-up Utica confines my powers. I claim the whole country as my country, an undivided, indivisible, indestructible country ; and as I stand in this great Republic with the star span¬ gled banner waving over my head, I may be permitted to exclaim in the patriotic lines of the poet, “ Breathes there a man with soul so dead, Who never tb himself hath said, This is my own, my native land.” Mr. President, it would afford me great pleasure to speak some¬ what in detail of the great work which this Society has accomplished all over the land. But I must pass over all these benefits which this Society has conferred upon the nation, and through the nation upon the Avorld, and reserve the few moments left, to speak of what I believe to be the best and greatest work of this Society. I mean its noble and God-like efforts to elevate and improve the condition of the Freedmen in the South. This, as it seems to me, is the chief work of the Society. It is Avith pleasure that I consider all its glorious deeds; but aU its other glories fade in comparison to this. Let me say that having resided in the South, the peculiar circumstances and calling of my life have brought me into constant contact with the great masses of the people all over the South and Southwest, with both classes, the white and the colored; and I am prepared to declare, and I know 76 FIP'TIETH ANNIVERSARY. as well perhaps as any man living, what the present condition and what the feelings of the people of those sections are; and I say, there¬ fore, that there is no ground for discouragement, but everything to cheer the efforts of this Society in its noble and praiseworthy en¬ deavors to benefit the Colored People of the South. I cannot go into details in relation to the beneficent work of this Society among the Colored People of the South; but I must be j^er- mitted, how^ever, to say, and I say it with a most devout gratitude, that in the meeting-houses which it has enabled them to build, in the schools which it has established and sustained for their benefit, in the institutes which it has held for the instruction of those col¬ ored teachers and j'li’eachers who could not attend the schools and the colleges of our country, in sending in that Holy Name of God men to preach to them the unsearchable riches of Christ, the Society has done a work of incalculable advantage to the Colored People of the South. But I must forbear. Sir. I will only say that I have visited several of the institutions established and supported by this Society for the education of preachers and teachers among the Colored People in the South, and I can testify to the excellence and usefulness of all these institutions. They are doing a grand work, a work the importance of which it would be very difficult to entertain any over-estimate. And now in conclusion let me say, that in my humble opinion a greater expenditure of means on the part of this Society in helping forward and swelling the work for the education of the Colored Peo¬ ple in the South would be fully justified, not only by the peculiar ex¬ igencies of the case, but also by the fact that the efforts of this Society in this direction have been so abundantly blessed hitheiio. The Society justly meiits the most liberal patronage of the whole coun- trv. t/ Now, wishing the Society every jiossible success in the future, and commending it with all my heart to the enlarged patronage of the peo¬ ple of this whole country, and with the hope that at every subsequent Jubilee meeting it may have still more gratifying results to report un¬ til the object of its holy mission shall have been fully accomplished, and the banner of Jesus shall wave in holy triumph over every sec¬ tion of our vast domain, and asking pardon for occupying your at¬ tention so long, I give place to others wdio may entertain you more. (Applause.) The President. AVe will now be very happy to hear from any brother who wishes to speak on this point in a five-minutes speech. If no PROCEEDINGS.-TWENTY YEARS OF FREEDISIEN S WORK. 77 one -wishes to discuss this point further we will proceed with the sec¬ ond. No brother rises. We will now have the pleasure of listening to the discussion of the second point, “Eighteen years of the Society’s work among the Colored People and some of the results,” by Rev. Dr. J. B. Simmons, of New York. TWENTY YEARS OF FREEDMEN’S WORK. Let us say twenty years instead of eighteen, so as to embrace our earliest movements in this direction. I have, then, ten minutes in which to speak of twent}" years’ work among five millions of peojfie. Two minutes of time for each one million of people. One minute’s time for each two years of work in some twenty different States and Territories. What a state of things that is !! (Applause.) Nevertheless, Mr. President, strike your many-wooded mallet promptly when my time is out. But, remember, that twelve minutes were in reality allowed me, and that will give me two minutes to make up my mind to sit down when the time comes. Let us look for a moment : I. First of all, at the war and its results. Twenty years ago we were in the midst of what we pleasantly call “ Our unpleasantness,” between the North and the South. Slavery was the cause of the war, and emancipation was its cure. And how re¬ joiced I am, that our brethren of the South are as glad to-day to be rid of slavery as we are. The agony of the nation’s birth-throe is over, and we all rejoice together that five millions of our African brethren have been born unto libeidy. No more earnest words have been spoken, in advocacy of the Society’s work among the Freedmen, than have fallen from the lips of such noble Baptists as Governor Brown of Georgia, Dr. E. T. Winkler of Alabama, Drs. Broadus and Boyce of Kentucky, Drs. Tupper and Curry of Virginia, and, last of all, our own generous-hearted brother, the inimitable editor of the leading Baptist paper of the South, Dr. A. E. Dickinson. And these brethren are not only talking on our side, but some of them are beginning to give of their money, and are also encouraging others in the South to give. This is as it should be. The South cannot afford to neglect these people, who are starving for the bread of life at their very doors. II. Consider, in the next place, our progress in tAventy years. 78 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. Twenty vears a"o we did not own a foot of land, nor a stick of timber, nor a brick or nail of a school building for Colored People south of Mason and Dixon’s line. To-day, in gTounds and buildings, and endowments of Freedmen’s schools, the Baj^tists own full $500,000 worth, and all this property is consecrated to the education, the continuous education, generation after generation, the higher Chnstian education of the colored race; that sort of education which makes leaders. In addition to this half million of dollars in 2 :)ermanent school proj)- erties, we have j^ut into the South to sustain teachers among the Freedmen $847,000, and for missionaries among the Freedmen, $200,000 ; for other j)nrposes, $200,000 ; which gives us one million two hundred thousand of dollars as the grand total of our twenty years’ work, figured up in dollars and cents. III. You will inquire of me, thirdly, how our twelve school prop¬ erties are distributed through the South. I answer, most admirabty. You will find them at pivotal j^oints of influence and power. 1. First comes Wayland Seminary at Washington, in the District of Columbia. It has a suj^erb location, with two brick buildings, on Meridian Hill, the very meridian of the country. For several hours one day Gen. O. O. Howard, then at the head of the Freedmen’s Bureau, and I, rode together in selecting this spot. I Avas then Secre¬ tary of the Home Mission Society. He strongly and repeatedly urged that we put our school Avithin the grounds of HoAvard University, and kindly offered us sjoace for that jDuiqDOse. But the advantages of an indejoendent site, and the attractions of Meridian Hill, determined me, and our Board cordially apj^roved. While erecting this building I remember to have a^Aj^ied to the late Asa Wilbur, of Boston, to give us his aid. He ansAvered Avitli characteristic j^i’ornjAtness and frankness: “No, I Avill not. For there should be no school at Washington. The coiTuxAting influences of Congress will destroy the morals of the young men.” To Avhich I reiAlied : “ A^ou are mistaken. We establish this school in Washington on jAurpose. We mean to train our Freedmen jAreachers right there in the face of Congress, to resist the corrujAtions of Congress, and to so jAreach as to reform the morals of Congress.” To AAdiich he wrote back: “ If that is youi‘ ^Alan, all right; I ajAjAroA’e, and enclose to you my check for three hundred dollars.” (ApjAlause.) This school, named in honor of the eminent President Wavland of PROCEEDINGS.-TWENTY YEARS OF FREEDMEN S WORK. 79 Brown University, has now a property in grounds and buildings worth $38,000. 2. Next comes Richmond Institute of Virginia, established in 18(57, with a large hotel property, and a new site recently bought, worth together, $30,000. Also an endowment fund, started by the Colored People themselves, of $3,000. This is one of our very best schools. 3. Then we have Shaw University, at Kaleigh, N. C. Its grounds consist of twelve acres, adjacent to the Governor’s mansion, and em¬ brace a large college building for young men, another for youug women, and a third for medical students, besides two additional buildings, the whole valued at $115,000. 1. Still further south is the Benedict Institute, at Columbia, S. C., founded by the benevolence of Mrs. B. A. Benedict, of Bhode Island, in 1870, and named in honor of her deceased husband. It has eighty acres of land and three principal buildings, valued at $25,000. It has also an endowment, wisely started by the founder, of $20,000, which gives us a total valuation for that school, of $45,000. These schools will not live unless they are endowed. Bemember that! Experience teaches that plainly. 5. Next in order comes the Florida Institute, at Live Oak, estab¬ lished in 1880; it has three acres of land and a frame building, valued at $3,000. G. The Atlanta Bajytist Seminary, Georgia, was established in 1879; it has foul’ acres and a brick building. Valuation $15,000. This school was commenced in Augusta in 1869, and removed to Atlanta in 1879. 7. Moving westward we find the school at Selma, Alabama, with its thirty-six acres of land, and valued at $12,000. 8. In Mississippi we have the Natchez Seminary, with its large three-story brick building and ten acres of land. Valuation, $ 20 , 000 . 9. Next in order is Leland University, at New Orleans, La. This school has ten acres of ground in the most aristocratic section of the city, with a large, handsome three-story brick building comideted, and a fine new building now in process of erection. Mr. Holbrook Ohamberlain, of Brooklyn, N. Y., is the chief contributor and the liberal founder. He has gLen to the cause of the Freed People, chiefly in connection with this school, tlie whole energy of his life for the past fifteen years, and consecrated his entire property besides. His de- 80 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY ceased Avife was of like spirit, and the school is gracifully called ‘ ‘ Leland ” in honor of her maiden name. LELAND UNIVERSITY, NEW ORLEANS, LA. The grounds and buildings of Leland University are valued at $75,000 ; the endowment funds, given by Mr. Chamberlain, at $85,000, making a total of $110,000. 10. The Bifihop Baplid Collf^ye, at ^Marshall, Texas, was established in 1881. It is named in honor of Nathan Bishop, LL.D., the memory of whose wisdom and piety hallows all our denominational assemblies. Dr. Bishoji said to me one day as we were together alone: “ I have been blamed for giving so many thousand dollars for the benefit of colored men. But I expect to stand side by side with these men on the Day of Judgment. Their Lord is my Lord. They and I are brethren; and I am determined to be prepared for that meeting.’" (Applause.) These sound and devout words will one da}" be engraven, I doubt not, upon some mural tablet within the enclosure of the institution that bears his name, and in the eves of all riglit thinking men will constitute his best epitaph. The Bishop College lias at the present time ten acres of land, finely located on the west side of the city; a PROCEEDINGS.-TWENTY YEARS OF FREEDMEN S WORK. 81 hvo-story brick mansion; a large tliree-story brick building, and thirty- seven acres of woodland. Valuation, $25,000. 11. The NaxhviUe TnsfUute, Tennessee, was established in 1866. Subsequently it was removed to the southwestern section of the city. The site is superb. It has two large brick buildings connected—four stories Avith basement—and thirty acres of land. Valuation, $75,000. 12. If Ave add to the foregoing the Kentucky Institute, at'LowisYille, Kentucky, established by the Colored People in 1879, adopted by the Society in 1881, and embracing tAvo and a half acres of land, finely located Avithin the city limits, Avith a good three-story brick building, and valued at $17,000, Ave liaA’e more than the half million of dollars alluded to. IV. Obseiwe iioav, fourthly, our summary of investments. The half million of dollars, of Avhich I have spoken, is invested as folloAvs: 1. In more than tAventy college buildings, some of Avhich have all the modern improvements, and are among the best in the Southern States. 2. In a large amount of school furniture, apparatus, etc., and re¬ spectable beginnings in the AA^ay of libraries. 3. In two hundred and thirt 3 "-five acres of as choice lands for col¬ lege sites as the South affords, some of Avhich lands have doubled in value since the Society^ purchased them. Besides this, Ave have nearly sixty thousand dollars of eiidoAvment funds already accumulated and carefully invested. V. You will inquii-e of me in the next place, Avhat these schools have accomplished. I answer: They have sent forth thousands of colored teachers, male and female, all through the South. I saw it stated more than a year ago that our school at Baleigh had, up to that date, equipped and put into the field more than one thousand teachers. No doubt the other eleven schools have done as AA^ell in proportion. These schools have also graduated hundreds of preachers and mis¬ sionaries, some of AA’hom liaA^e gone even to Africa to labor for Christ. To these educated men, educated AvNes are being gBen ; for oui Avise policw is, not to be satisfied Avith educating' men alone, but avo- men as well. A thousand educated men, Avith a thousand ignoiant and degraded Avives to drag them doAvn, might still do something. But a thousand educated men, Avith a thousand educated Avives by their side, as “ helps suitable,” Avhich is God’s plan, Avill accomplish wonders 1 82 FIFTIETH ANNIVEKSAliY ]\r}iny of our colored graduates have rare talents. Several of them have entered Northern colleges. One of them took a Greek prize on entering Madison University. Several of them have become profes¬ sors in Freedmen schools. Many are gifted day-school teachers and select school teachers. Some have entered the medical and legal pro¬ fessions. Several have been elected members of Southern State legislatures. Numbers of them are editors of papers. iVIany are able, and even eloquent ministers of the Gospel and missionaries of the Cross. These educated colored men and women are the leaven that is destined to reform the South, and reclaim and regeneriite the lost coutinent of Africa. ESTEY BUILDING FOB GIBI.S, AT SHAW UNIVEBSITY, BAI.EKiH, N. C. YI. Finally, I cannot close without declaring, in the most emphatic language I can command, my belief that these schools ought to be endowed at the earliest practicable moment. The sixtv thousand dollars of endowment funds which we have in « hand should be increased to six hundred thousand forthwith. For PROCEEDINGS.^-TWENTY Y!':VilS OF FHEEDMEn’s WORK. 83 Ilow, pray tell me, can tlie Home Mission Society sustain and enlarge, and run these twelve schools as the age demands, without the helj) of an average endowment of fifty thousand dollars to each school ? So far as I can see, the Society’s missionary work among the throngs of incoming foreigners from Europe, who are settling in our Eastern and Middle States, her missionary work among the constantly increasing popula¬ tions of the AVestern States and Tenitories, her missionary work in Mexico, her missionary work among the Chinese and the Indians, and last, but not least, her missionary work proper among the Ereedmen themselves (aside from the schools I mean)—so far as I can see, this misdonary work, for which the Society was originally created, must suffer irreparably’, unless she is relieved by a moderate endowment of at least fifty thousand dollars for each of these schools. The public schools, established since the war closed in every State of the South, will furnish to our Baptist Ereedmen schools a constantly higher and higher grade of pupils entering. For this state of things we must be prepared by making our schools the very best possible. I see it stated that the average attendance in the public schools of South Carolina for the year 1880 was fifty-two thousand white chil¬ dren and sixty thousand colored. In Mississippi the attendance was 100,676 white and 104,799 colored. Let any thoughtful man weigh these facts in their bearing upon our denominational high schools for Ereedmen, and then say if he would dare to leave these Baptist Insti¬ tutes unendowed. Is it said that we lack the money? That plea never brought money to any good cause yet. And in this case it is so flagrantly untrue that to make it is a sin. We have money in abundance. It is our duty to say so, and to keep on saying so. I can name twelve Baptist brethren, in twelve minutes of time, who could give $100,000 each to endow these twelve schools, and have money enough left to ruin twelve children for each of them, if they had so many! Besides, we have already entered upon the era of large giving. Let us not forget it. And especially let not those of us who are preachers and editors, and whose influence is always great, dampen the zeal of our noble-hearted lay brethren, who, inspired, as I verily believe, by the Holy Spirit of God, are akeady coming forward with their tens of thousands, their hundreds of thousands, and even with their millions of wealth, and laying it down at the feet of Jesus Christ. Let us rather encourage them, particularly in their work for the Ereedmen, by reminding them of those memorable words of the be¬ loved and lamented Nathan Bishop, already" quoted: 84 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. “ I exjyect to dand fean French, and they don’t work any better because they are being 2 :)oisoned by the preach¬ ing of the Chui’ch of Koine. By these jioisonous teachings they have become infidels ; and I think they are worse than the Chinese. Unity of action should be our motto. The unity of a family con¬ sists in love. Love is the essence of the religion established by Christ. Now, my dear brethren, I don’t want to occujd}" many min¬ utes. I have not come here ^^rej^ared. Foidunately, I find some little thoughts in this little writing. I am going to preach in Pater¬ son in the church of ]\Ir. Washington. I am just going there, and I always have my tools with me in case that I meet with the Irish j^eojfie; and I thought I would take this jiajier. This is a lecture I have 2 :>re 2 iared for the purjiose of saying what has been done among the French jicojile. Now I have opened a mission in Paterson. I have got with me at present a student for the priesthood. He is converted. Tlianks to the Lord. I have got another gentleman, a public notary from Can¬ ada. He has come to Christ, and he wiU be baptized very soon. We want to train this peojfie, we want to establish a mission among the five thousand French Canadians in the quarter where I come from, East Seventy-seventh Street. They have opened there a Koman Catholic church; and I told that young student to stand at the door of that church last Sunday and distribute some books, en¬ titled “ My reasons for leaving the Church of Rome.” Twenty-three have accejited that book, and the seed is in the ground now, and we give to God the glory for it. Now we are working, my dear fiiends; and I recommend to 3^011 most cordiall}' this French work of which Mr. Williams has spoken so favorabl}'; and I call 3 "our attention to that work; and I think, with the helji of God, n^aii}" things can be done. Y’^ou will excuse ni}^ poor English. (Ajqilause.) Rev. Hr. John Gordon, of Buffalo : i\Ir. Chairman : May I sa}’ one word upon this question ? It is simply an encouragement of our eats todo greater things without having aii}^ immediate jirosjiect of seeing the fruits. This brother, who has addressed us, tells us that he was brought to Christ b}^ the labors of Father Chiniqu}', of Montreal. How man 3 " priests have been converted we have also been told. MTio was the PROCEEDINGS.-—UNIFICATION OF THE WORK. 125 instrument in God’s hands of leading Father Chiniquy to Christ ? It was the venerated Brother Roussy, of the Grand Ligne Mission. Who started the Grand Ligne Mission? The grand, precious Madame Feller, from Switzerland. AYho sustained the Grand Ligne Mission? First, the contributions of all Christians; then afterwards the Ba23tist Churches of Canada; but the time came, sirs, when the Baptists of Canada could not sustain the Grand Ligne Mission in its work, and wdiat were they to do ? They came, sirs, to the American Baptist Home Mission Society and said : “ Help us us, brethren;” and this Society helped for years, when our Canadian brethren, now rich, were poor; and through Brother Roussy Father Chiniquy was converted, and I could tell you this morning, Mr. Chairman, why Father Chiniquy didn’t become a Baptist. He knows he ought to have done that; and he knows why he didn’t do it, and so do I. Never mind about that. Souls have been saved and we are to-day reaping fruits. The President : We will now take up the second topic of the dis¬ cussion : “ The unification of this work; the relations of the Society and of State Conventions to it, and to each other in the prosecution of it,” by the Rev. J. S. Gubelmann, of Pennsylvania. UNIFICATION OF THE WORK AMONG FOREIGN POPULA¬ TIONS. Mr. President : I ought to say that I am not here from my own choice. I believe that the speeches of great men ought to be like angel’s visits, few and far between; and it was only two years ago that I inflicted an address upon this Society. I am the substitute of one who was appointed to speak on this question, though I speak regarding it with all my heart. Last year, it is reported that the number of immigrants that landed in this country were at the rate of about two thousand j^er day. In this present year, if the immigration continues as it is now going on, it is computed that the immigration from Europe will amount to nearly 1,000,000. It is estimated that in 1890, the po] 3 ulation of this country will have risen from fifty millions to seventy millions; and that of these seventy millions nearly one third will be of foreign birth, or the immediate descendants of those who are foreigners. Under these circumstances I think we are all agreed, that there is a mighty problem before us. It is not within my province to discuss that plan by which it is pro- 12G FIFTIETH ANNR’ERSARY. posed to reach these thousands of immi^ants without the use of their own native tongues; but, lest I be supposed to be beating the air in wliat I shall say in regard to the strengthening of the present plan of operation, let me express my firm and earnest conviction, based upon many years of observation and experience, agreeing- with the ob¬ servation of those who have labored among the foreign jDopula- tions of ditterent nationalities, that unless we give to these people the Gosjiel in their native tongue, we shall have to surrender or give up the thought of evangelizing the present generation. I do not speak of exceptions; but I am speaking of rules; and if I had the time to point out that necessity, I would like to do so. AYliy, my brethren, there are thousands upon thousands coming into this country from day to day who have reached an age in life in which it cannot be expected that they will yet be reached through English preaching. Again, there are thousands upon thousands coming into this land who are placed into positions, who are put into associations and relations of such a nature that to reach them in any other lan¬ guage than their native tongue is a positive im 2 )ossibilit 3 \ You must either continue this whole work, if it is to have any influence upon for¬ eigners, in then* native tongue; you must turn it over to other de¬ nominations who are earnest and zealous in it, or you must consign it to socialists and infidels, or you must take a hand in it and do in it what you can for Christ. (Apjilause.) If this Society is interested the question comes uji; Are we doing what we can to meet this claim ? I think it is evident, my dear brethren, that under existing circumstances the efficiency of the oj^er- ations of the Society for this work ought to be great!}' augmented. There is a vast responsibility in the iwesent hour, a responsibility which is of j^aramount imj^ortance. All over the land there are fields opening; there are harvests crying for reaj^ers; and if we are courageous and wise Ave will just now, in this aus 2 :)icious, sublime hour, do something Avhich will tell ujion the future ages and uj^on the welfare of this countrA' for all coming time. AVliat Ave need is—to speak of it in brief—unification of this Avork. First, the unification of superintendence and of eftbrt. AVe need a unifi¬ cation of sujierintendence. AA^e need some one to Avhom can be sjiecially given this iiarticular branch or deiiartment of the Home Alission Society’s AA'ork. It must no longer remain an adjunct of this Society’s Avork, blit must become one of its most ^irominent dejiailments ; and there must be some one appointed who is able to see the ojijiortun- ities and to step in and to guide the Avork and to take hold of it in PROCEEDINGS.—UNIFICATION OF THE \S'ORK. 127 the manner in which it ought to be taken hold of, so that our friends and brethren from Germany, from Switzerland, from Sweden and Denmark and France, and from other portions of Europe, may be met by the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ. And then in addition to this superintendence, or this unification of superintendence, Ave need also a unification of effort. It is necessary, my brethren, that there should be a co-mingling’, so to speak, a unit¬ ing of the help from different sources ; and as for the relation of the Society to this work, I .do not think Ave are asking too much. If “ North America for Christ ” is the motto Avhich Ave have before us, then let us bring those to Christ Avho help to fill up this vast continent of North America. I AAGsli to say in regard to State ConA^entions : If State Conventions have Avithin their own States vast foreign populations, is it not their duty to work for them ? And if they are not able to sufficiently care for them, ought they not to be Avillingto cooperate at least in this par¬ ticular Avork AAuth the Home Mission Society, and either augment the means given by the Society or to be supplemented by them. But I wish simply to say this, let no Society, let no Coiwention, let no ben¬ evolent institution at the present time and in these coming years con¬ fine itself simply to its OAvn field, but let us carry upon our hearts this great and important work, Avhich clamors for solution and clamors for it immediately^ In conclusion, let me express the hope that none of my dear brethren will object to what I have said, and say: “AVell, let these people be Americanized; don’t perpetuate foreign institutions and a foreign language!” Why, my dear brethren, that is just Avdiat Ave are doing. "What is Americanization? Is it a mere matter of language? Is it the mere fact that a man can speak English and nothing else ? I can perhai^s preserve my own language, yet, at the same time, I am as good an American as any of you. Americanization, what is it? If Ave jDoint these people to Christ, if we give them the Bible, if Ave teach them to observe the Lord’s day, if Ave ask them to shun intem¬ perance, and tell them to obey the laws of the country, are Ave not Americanizing them ? Isn’t that a preparation for your Avork. A\ hy, we are paving the Avay for the Avork AAdiich y^ou are to do. We thank God for eA^eiw soul that is brought to Christ in an English church; but AA^e do say, Avhile you do all you can, for God s sake and for the soul’s sake, let us do Avdiat you cannot do, and do the rest. (Applause.) In that snowy home of mine, separated as it was from the sunny fields of Italy, there Avas a tunnel bored through the mountain, and 128 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. tlie Swiss w’orkmeii were working on this side and the Italian w’ork- nien on the other side, and after a long and serious toil they cut thronghi I don’t know avIio got there first, but they shook hands when they came together. Now, you, my American brethren, pVc/i in (a 2 ) 2 dause)—if you will let me use this expression; do all you can; speak to everyone to wlioiii you can speak who will understand you; but at the same time give us help, give us means, give us i^ower that we can speak to them in that language which is as dear to them as their own hearts, and when we have finished the work we will shake hands and rejoice. (Ajiplause.) The President : The hour of adjournment has arrived. I am in¬ formed that 443 joersons have registered upon the books up to thin time—one of the largest registrations at any of the anniversaries, at this period of the meetings. Rev. Dr. J. W. M. AVilliams, of Baltimore, ]\rd., pronounced the benediction, and the convention was then adjourned until the after¬ noon. PROCEEDINGS.—-THE PROBLEM AND ITS SOLUTION. 12i> FOURTH SESSION. Thursday Afternoon, May 25th, FOREIGN POPULATIONS—MEXICAN MISSIONS—WESTERN MISSIONS. After the singing of a hymn, the convention was led in prayer by Eev. Dr. G. C. Baldwin, of Troy, N. Y. The President : The last topic in the discussion upon this question of Missions among Foreign Populations, “ The problem before Ameri¬ can Christians; its solution,” will now be discussed by Prof. H. M. Schaffer, of Bochester, N. Y, THE PKOBLEM AND ITS SOLUTION. I propose to tell you that the true method to evangelize the Ger¬ mans, or these foreigners in America, is to do it by means of the Ger¬ man tongue; and I mean to discuss a few common sense principles. Let me say to you first, we must take care of the present; then the future wMl take care of itself. As I go into this, let me begin at the beginning and tell you who I am, as I suppose I am not very prepos¬ sessing in appearance, according to the American notion of things. I come from the Hub of the universe, and I am guilty of having in¬ augurated the First German Baptist Church of the City of Boston; and I am also guilty of having created a German interest and built the First German Baptist Church edifice in New England, and your wor¬ thy President struck hands wdth me in doing it. And moreover I am guilty of having built in this city the great memorial of the Hudson Eiver Baptist Association, of fifteen thousand members—of building wTiat w^e call the German Metropolitan Baptist Church, with five doors and two steeples—you can just imagine it. So you see that I must be, as a representative of this cause, sound to the backbone. You must think that I believe in it, and I want you to believe in it also. In the first place, I must say that I don’t agree with those men wTio talk about having a little Swede, or a little or big German America. I don’t believe one word of it. There is none, and I think there never can be a new^ German}', little or big, in America. While 130 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. I sav this I do not say that there are not Germans and Swedes and for- ^ t.' eigners in large numbers in this country, that are to be distinguished in the providence of God, who will make their mark and be his loj^al men; men who will in future ages form a part in American communities. Look at the facts. We have not an organized Germany and there never can be. AVhv, it would take ten ]3isniarcks to unite the discord- ant German elements, if you call it so, in America. But we have Ger¬ mans who are organized in small portions of the country, in small communities; we have Germans organized in churches and societies; all of these things tending and looking towards a per 2 )etuation of the Germjin tongue for quite a little time. I spoke with a German priest, and he told me—and if we take his estimate—you will find that there are over two million of German Bomanists and their children who are united in German Catholic churches. There are twenty-five «/ German religious periodicals, edited by Bomish jniests, in this country. Now I look at Protestantism. According to the calendar of the Lutheran Church, there are over 800,000 communicants of the Luth¬ eran Church. It is safe to say there are 150,000 Scandinavian and 500,000 German Lutherans in this country, and that is why we need to continue the S 2 ')eaking of German. I am informed that there have been 500 Lutheran churches and mission chapels built within a year; and in the citv of St. Louis the Lutherans had a lar^’er "ain in addi- 9^ O O tions to the membership of the German churches than all the other denominations put together. Well, now, that looks as if there was not a little Germany organized, but Germans in America; and I tell you the question is what we had better do, how we had better manipulate and use our aj^pliances for evangelization. It is as clear as daylight. We have got the men and women and their children hei’e, and if we want to save them for God and to the cause of right¬ eousness and truth we have got to go to work. I believe in the shaiq)-edged American axe. It has done wonders. It has cleared the forest and it has converted the wild woods into a garden of the Lord : but I tell you, when 3^011 come to fence building, 3 'ou have got to get something else besides this sharp axe. ITou know when the woodman cuts the knotty trunk into rails, if he doesn’t have a little wedge, in addition to his axe, he will never succeed ; and so I saj" good for 3 'our American axe, but you have got to get the German and Swedish wedge, then I believe we shall be the fence builder-s, and we are saved and protected against all things that are threatening to ruin our institutions. PROCEEDINGS.-THE PROBLEM AND ITS SOLUTION. 131 Now, I say, my friends, while we look to the present, let us correct the mistakes of the past; let us observe what has been done in the past. The Romanists of this country are doing something, and the}" have done something. Are vou aware that there is no denomination in this land working so hard to s^iread its views and doctrines, and so fitted and adapted for the work of conducting missions as the Roman¬ ists ? Why, look at it! They have, properly speaking, one tongue ; for the crown of their worship, the celebration of mass, is conducted in the Latin tongue, and most of their prayers and singing are conducted in the Latin tongue ; and while this is so, look how these Romish priests are working to bring this country into subjection to the Pope of Rome! AYhy, my friends, I was told a few days ago, by a Romish priest, that the Bishops have declared that the Germans in a certain locality shall be set off as a sejiarate German church, in order to keep the Germans of America on their side. In beginning, they send priests to those places, who are able to speak in three, five, and seven languages ; and a man told me that he preached in German in the morning, in the afternoon in French, and in the evening in English. That is the way they work it. I tell you, no man in this universe is anything by nature but a sinner, that needs sal¬ vation through Christ, and no man by nature is a Romanist ; but by education and by work he is made such. And these men are here and doing that kind of work, and doing it under the shadow of your churches, and think how they do work in the German tongue. In the city of Rochester there is one church of twenty-seven hundred com¬ municants, and among those twenty-seven hundred communicants, there are going, day in and day out, five Romish priests, who are at work, wdio come in contact with every member of that congregation four times a year in the confessional in the German tongue. In con¬ nection with that church, they have a parochial school of four or five hundred children, with five male teachers and six female teachers, and besides this a host of nuns, who do all sorts of service to keep their organization at work. Now, I say, while these are doing such work, look to it that you learn from them. I am willing to learn from anybody. I am willing to learn from the enemv : and if we do, we are wise. And let us learn from the Methodists also. It was prophesied in 1800 by Bishop Asbury, that in seventy-five years there would be no German spoken in Phila¬ delphia, and when a sainted man of the name of Albright, a German, offered himself to work with the Methodists in the State of Pennsyl¬ vania, among the Germans, they declined to appoint him, simply be- 132 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. cause they didn’t believe there would be any German work needed. And now look at it! In the year 1800 they counted forty-nine per cent. German-speaking people in that State ; and those men who were not ac¬ cepted by this Methodist body, went to work in Philadelphia as preach¬ ers ; they went by themselves, and started what we call now. The Ger¬ man Evangelical Association, which numbers over one hundred and thirteen thousand members. The Methodists learned that thev had made a mistake, and in the year 1832 the}' started in AVestern Penn¬ sylvania ; they started and ju’eached and taught in the German tongue, and as the result, they have now forty-three German Metho¬ dist churches in connection with the Methodist Episcopal Chui'ch. They have four high schools of learning for the education of preach¬ ers of that denomination. Now I ask you, are you willing to learn, as a denomination, by the mistakes that have been made in the past ? Let me teU you something about the history of the Baptists of the United'States. Look at the State of Florida. In Florida, one man among every twelve men is a Baptist; in the State of Kentucky, one man among eleven is a Baptist; in the State of Virginia, one man in eight is a Baptist; in the State of Connecticut, one man in twenty-nine is a Baptist; in the State of Maine, one man in thirty ; and in the State of Massachusetts, one man in thirty-one is a Baptist. Now listen to what I say. In the State of Pennsylvania, one man in sixty-seven is a Baj^tist ; in the State of Ohio, one man in sixty-five is a Baptist ; and in the State of AA^isconsih, one man in a hundred and eleven. AVliat meaneth this. Air. President, I ask you to decide ? AAliy, it means, while we believe, as Baptists, that the truth is omnipotent, the truth will never grow unless it is made intelligible to the hearer. It means that, where the English tongue was s 2 )oken exclusively, where the truth could be conveyed to the hearer clearly and intel¬ ligibly, the Ba 2 )tists have succeeded ; but where the foreigners are, where different tongues are sjmken, as in the State of Pennsylvania, we show meagre results. There are some among you who say, doubtless, in the third, fourth, or fifth generation we are coming to do that work. AVhv, you have had this chance in Pennsylvania. For two hundred years Germans have been residing in that State ; that is, the descendants of those who came and settled that State about the year 1()G5 in large num¬ bers. Those are their descendants that I am S 2 )eakiiig about, and among these men you have had a chance to work. And see what has been the result. Now I sav that the machine which will do the ft/ PROCEEDINGS.-THE PROBLEM AND ITS SOLUTION. 133 most work in the shortest time with the smallest outlay, is the machine that is going to save us, that is going to carry the day, now while there is market demand for German. And there is a call for German. There is a paper in the city of Leipsic named “ Gaiden-Laube,” which teaches rank infidelity. Every week it is sent to these shores to the number of eighty thousand ;, and I say that the man that knows how to supply the market when there is a call, is the man that will profit and gain. Now is the time. We are now having the people among us, and now we should go and give them the Gospel. So, now, I would say to you American friends, trust in Almighty God for the future, but do your duly; I pray you do your duty, and I say, also, allow others to do their duty. I suppose I couldn’t do my duty in a better way—poor being as I am- born in the city of Boston, and there imbued with the spirit from on high, baptized into the spirit of American Christianity—I could not do my duty any better than by planting a German Baptist Church in that city. But let others do their duty ; let Christian parents do their duty ; allow those Christian Germans who are filled with your spirit to work and labor with you for the extension and the perpetua¬ tion of the truth ; allow them to do their duty. My friends, some of you are afraid that we German pastors are perpetuating the German tongue. Well, it wouldn’t be worth living for. To a common sense man considering the matter, and seeing the results, the thing would appear ridiculous. I suppose some of you recognize that we Germans have a little common sense ; and do you really think we would work for the sole purpose of perpetuating our tongue among our young whom we want to be loyal men and women in this grand Bepublic. I say this, we are bound before God to see to it, that Christian German mothers do their duty toward their young, and instill into their minds principles of morality. The first God- given teacher is the mother, and the mother tongue must be used by her in imbuing her children with the truths of Christianity. I am done, my dear friends, in saying, that the most important thing I wish to impress upon you is, that we do not so much wish to perpetuate the German tongue in America as we wish to perpetuate American ideas by means of the German tongue. (Applause.) Bev. a. F. Mason, of Wisconsin : Mr. President : Before I make any remark I desire to make a correction. I asked a question this morn¬ ing before the adjournment, whether the report as printed was the report of the Committee on Missions among non-English si^eaking 134 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. people, and I ^yas answered that it was, in toto ; but I learn from Dr. Lasher, Chairman of that Committee, that that is not exactly the fact. I noticed that in his reading, he didn’t read the whole sentence, “ They cling to the language of their native land and insist upon its study in our public schools contrary to the best interests of the body politic.” Dr. Lasher savs the sentence, “ Contrarv to the best interests of the body politic,” does not belong to the report, having been stricken off at the request of Mr. Schaffer. And it seems to me that in the striking off of those words “ Contrary to the best interests of the body politic,” there is a significant hint. I have but five minutes. I cannot preach a sermon, but I wish to take a text, and that text is from the report of the Committee. There is need of compacting and unification. There is my text, and that is the one point which I wish to impress to-day. The brother who has just spoken refers to a certain Roman Catholic church edifice in which services are conducted at different times in several different languages ; and if I understood him correctly he commended it. I wish to tell you of a church in the State of Wisconsin, where, at the present time, the pastor, speaking with equal fluency German and English, holds every Sabbath morning his service in German and every Sabbath evening his service in English. He has in his church representatives of four different nationalities, sitting together and working together in peace and harmony. There is the ideal Wiscon¬ sin church. You will permit me to speak as a MTsconsin man, coming from a city nearly all of whose 140,000 2 :)opulation is German, and from a State fifty per cent, of whose population is German. I say in that State this is the ideal Baptist Church ; and because we have not had this ideal before us, and because we have not worked toward that ideal, forty-six per cent, of all the Baptist Churches that in the last fifty years have been planted in the State of Wisconsin, have died and been buried. Looking over the field and seeing these facts, you may judge that I have an intense interest in this question. We have planted in the same town churches for Germans and churches for English-speaking peojfie, and they have died side by side ; when, if you could have had such a chiu’ch as that which we have at Sheboygan, with a pastor who could do, as several men who have spoken here to-day can do^ l)reach paid of the day in English and a part of the day in German, we might, I believe, with God’s blessing, have one hundred and ninety-eight live churches in the place of those dead churches. (Applause.) I wish to say fuidher in this connection, that I do not PROCEEDINGS.-THE PROBLEM AND ITS SOLUTION. 135 wish to throw any firebrand into this meeting. God forbid that I should do it. We have a State Convention working as a Missionary Board in con¬ nection with the Home Mission Society, and generously this Society adds to every dollar that we raise sixty cents, and the dollar and sixty cents is expended in mission work in Wisconsin, part of it among the Germans, but most otherwise. Then we have working in this same State a German Conference, absolutely independent of the State Con¬ vention of Wisconsin. The work, in the language of the report read to you, needs compacting and unification, and the Board of the Wis¬ consin State Convention passed a resolution which will be referred to the State Convention at its coming meeting in November, and I wish in order that you may appreciate the feeling there to read that reso¬ lution : “ Successful cooperation with the Home Mission Society for the evangelization of Wisconsin requires that all apj^ropriations of the Society for this State shall be disbursed by the Board of the State Convention in consultation with the District Secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society.” This was discussed for nearly a whole day in the Executive Committee of the Board and passed unanimously. We feel that these German Churches ought to become integral parts of our State Convention, and then we can go hand in hand, and we shall work for the evangeli¬ zation of the State of Wisconsin. We are met however by a decided tendency, which my brother has ignored, and has thought does not exist. We are met by a determination on the part of those who seem to be mistaken Baptists, to perpetuate the German language and German-speaking churches, to the exclusion of any becoming Ameri¬ canized. I merely make that statement, desiring to stop before I am rapped down ; and am prepared, if I am questioned, with the docu¬ ments to prove my assertions. (Applause.) Bev. J. C. Grimmell, of Brookl^m, N. Y.: Mr. President: I have just lis¬ tened to a fine argument on unification. I understand by that, that the German is to be unified with the American—as far as language is concerned, that they are to become one. I have had a little experi¬ ence in that, and perhaps I am an isolated case. I once had a couple come to my room desiring to be married. The gentleman spoke the German language quite fluently. When I turned to his bride I noticed a very foreign type of countenance, and I spoke German to her, thinking though at the time, that probably she would not under- 136 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. stcaiid me ; aud sure enough, she said : “ And shure, Avhat quare lan¬ guage is that ver talking to me.” (Laughter.) Well, I turned to the gentleman and I tried English. “Nun, was meinen SieV ” said he. He couldn’t understand a word I said. So I married the gentleman in German and the lad}" in English. (Laughter.) Was that unification enough? I am a German Baptist minister. After a while when the conversation took a pleasant turn, I said to him : “ Why in creation did you take—I didn’t want to say Irish (laughter)—an American lady?” Well, said he, “I want to learn the language. (Laughter and a 2 :>plause.) I want to become Americanized just as fast as I can.’ Six weeks afterward, I met him on jMyrtle Avenue selling sleeve buttons; and he had the national colors in his face ; (laughter) the American red, white and blue. I asked him how he was getting along. “ Oh, ” said he, “ not at all; he would have no more of it. ” He said that he had made a great mistake—“ I am glad she has gone off for the third time and shall never seek her again.” Now, Mr. President, coming down to the serious part of this matter, for it has a very serious bearing with us, who are giving our lives to that kind of work, I w"ill say, we could give these lives in American pulpits—Brother Gubelmann and hundreds of others I could name, could give their lives in American pulpits, I think, just as well as hun¬ dreds of Baptist ministers who have come over to this country older than I was. We lay our lives down for that German work ; and ai’e we fools ? If we are, we are fools for Jesus Christ. The German Bap¬ tist churches have been criticised because they are served by breth¬ ren who have come from Germany too old to adopt any of the Amen- can customs. For God’s sake let us keej) some of the young men who are Americanized as well as mvself, and I think I am American- ized as much as anv man. I know that I can vote for President, Gov- ernor, and IMayor ; I know that I can j^ay taxes ; I know that I can take hold of the Bomanist and lead him out of superstition and dark¬ ness into the grand and gloi'ious light of the Gos 2 :>el of our Lord Jesus Christ in German or English ; and I know more than that— I want my children to learn German ; they must learn that, but they shall lejirn English just as well as the very best, and if they don’t come out number one from our best jiublic institutions, just say that I am a fool then in another sense. (Aj^plause.) Now, there are thou¬ sands of men ready to say the same thing, and these German churches are not trying to prove a terror and a jilague to America. They are try ing to Americanize the Germans by bringing them into the hght of PROCEEDINGS.-REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON MEXICAN MISSIONS. 137 the Gospel of Jesus Christ; they are standing to the glory of God, and as the years roll by you will look back and say, that one of the best things ever done on this continent, was to take the German as he came to America, and to Americanize him by transforming the very language and customs that he brought with him, and, by the use of those customs, by that language and by those old sympathies, to lift him on to the broad plane of American citizenship as well as into our denomination. Brethren, please have faith in our God. He can be heard in German as well as in English. Please have faith in your German Baptist Brethren. (Applause.) The President : Are you ready for the question upon the adoption of the report ? It is moved and seconded that the report of the Committee on Missions among Foreign Populations be adopted. Dr. Lasher : There is an important item, brethren, in that report. That sentence, a part of which was struck out, was written as it is in the copies that you have through the house. After that was printed, however, it was thought best to strike out that sentence. I read from a copy that had it stricken out. Now, the question is will you adopt what I read or that which you have on the copies. I think, sir, that we all regard the rejiort of the Committee as that which was read— leaving out the last portion of that sentence. That is the recommen¬ dation of the Committee. It is this sentence : “ They cling to the language of their native land and insist upon its study in our j^ublic schools, contrary to the best interests of the body politic.” The portion stricken out is, ‘‘ contrary to the best interests of the body politic.” The President : With the consent of the body that portion wiU be considered as stricken out of the report which is acloj^ted by the So¬ ciety. The report was thereupon adopted. The President : It will now be your pleasure to listen to the report of the Committee on Mexican Missions, by the Chairman, Kev. W. H Sloan, of Albion, New York. EEPOBT OF COMMITTEE ON MEXICAN MISSIONS. I. The Field. —The country comprehended under the designation of the “ Republic of Mexico ” extends from the 32° parallel of north latitude to the sunny slopes and picturesque hays of Central America, and from the Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific Ocean, embracing about 850,000 square miles of territory. It is a land of lofty mountains, wide undulating plains and rich pastures, con¬ taining inexhaustible mineral resources, and of unparalleled fertility and multi- 138 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. plicity of natural products. The opening up of this, one of the richest and most varied zones of the world, may be said to have just begun. The valuable mines of gold and of silver, capable, under proper management, of yielding $50,000,000 annually, the bountiful crops of all kinds of fruits, and of coffee, sugar-cane, tobacco, and all textile plants, have attracted the attention of our capitalists, and railroads are projected and building in different directions, bringing to light the unlimited resources of the country. Hundreds of our most intelligent young men, eager to embrace the opportunities thus offered, are entering Mexico from the East and the Nortli-'NVest, and are stirring the sluggish forces of that republic into more energetic activity. Here are 10,000,- 000 of people, of Spanish and Indian extraction, adhering to a pagan form of the Romish faith. The religion of the land is a valley of dry bones. Feast- days, processions, worship of images and adoration of the Virgin ]\Iary crowd out the life of Christianity. There is no part of our great home field that more needs a preached Gospel, an open Bible, a devoted ministry, the exaltation of Jesus Christ as the only head of the Church, than does the Republic of Mexico. And all this is possible for that land. A Gospel that will win its way among Mohammedans, Hindoos and Buddhists, is able to find its waj' into this, the greatest stronghold of Roman superstition upon the face of the earth. Even now, while there is only a nominal religious liberty, many thoughtful minds, disgusted with priestlj" arrogance and vice, are turning for light and help toward the United States. When we shall be able, with perfect religious liberty, to scatter broadcast the seeds of evangelical faith, we shall soon behold a glorious harvest. We cannot say that there is any general movement toward a recep¬ tion of the truth. But, in a few quarters, the Gospel, faithfully proclaimed by the Protestant missionaries, is falling into good ground. Light is being dif¬ fused in the surrounding darkness. The contiguity of the United States, the superiority of Protestantism as show'n in the development of these States, the commercial enterprise that we are inciting in Mexico, and the large number of Christian young men we are sending thither, are forces at work, quietly per¬ meating all parts of the Republic, and making it feel the throbbings of a new life. These Providential indications seem to add intensity to the great com¬ mission, and to increase our responsibilities toward Mexico. It is included in the home field that we are to win for our Lord, and unless we are false to the motto that we have inscribed upon our banner, “ North America for Christ,” we should reinforce our feeble mission there by the employment of more mission¬ aries, the training of a native ministry, the circulation of a Christian literature, and the opening of Christian schools. II. Its Needs.— The great need of Mexico is its evangelization. Your Board is recommended to send, at as early a day as is practicable, several additional mis¬ sionaries, prepared to make a plain and an affectionate exhibition of the Gospel, and to aid in the oversight of the work among the people. The Gospel that we need, Mexico needs. We do not send the heralds of the cross to the inhabitants of that necessitous land merely to induce them to change their ecclesiastical relations. It is converts to the Lord Jesus Christ we seek. The regeneration of all North America is promoted -when we proclaim the Gospel of the Living God to the people of Mexico, and we cannot neglect this work without being false to the principles that underlie the organization of this Society. With a prejudice against foreigners that seems to prevail everywhere, the PROCEEDINGS.-REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON MEXICAN MISSIONS. 139 Mexicans may never be -warmly drawn toward the preaching of the Gospel by Americans. It should be the aim of the Board to intrust our work among them, whenever feasible, to the hands of a native ministry. A liberal education to prei:)are for the conflict with papal superstition, French atheism and infidelity, should be given to young men of piety and zeal, men who are ready to endure hardness for the Gospel, and who could be satisfied with such support as might be provided by the feeble churches of their own land. The evangelization of Mexico will hardly be possible until the people are instructed by those who are raised up from their own number, and to whom they will offer a cordial support Mexico needs, in addition to these native j)reachers, a class of men, humble, devout and intelligent, to circulate a properly translated Bible among the inhab¬ itants. God’s Word unbound and set loose among these millions of untaught souls, would be the most potent instrument we could use in the moral, political and social uplifting of the nation. Multitudes who will not listen to the preaching of the Gospel could be reached in this way. A Christian literature also needs to be prepared. Colporteurs, with the love of Christ and of souls in their hearts, making their way from house to house, would be powerful auxil¬ iaries in the dissemination of the truth. Your Committee are of the opinion that, if we seek the evangelization of the country, the establishment of Christian schools in Mexico is an imperative ne¬ cessity. In the reaction against priestly domination, the people are in danger of falling into ojjen infidelity, and of establishing a reign of anarchy in the Ile- public. I he education of Christian teachers of both sexes, and the opening of day schools in the large centres of population, would do much to prevent the spread of scepticism among the cultivated classes, and would place large num¬ bers of children under Christian influence. Such institutions would be power¬ ful buttresses to our evangelical work. These schools, if thoroughly endowed and equipped, would soon take a leading position in a country almost destitute of educational facilities for Protestant children. True, there is a jjublic school system, and in many of the States of Mexico it is well managed. In theory it is non-sectarian and non-papal, but in fact the Saturday of every week is devoted to the study of the Bomanist catechism. The children of our Christian families must attend these schools, or be left entirely destitute of instruction. It would seem that common humanity, to say nothing of higher obligations, would impel us to open schools for the training of those children who are branded as heretics in the community because of the fidelity of their parents to the truth. The cost ■of establishing and maintaining such schools would not be large, while the law of the land now permits any one to engage in the vocation of teaching who is able to gather together the pupils. The Protestant element now to be found in every place of importance in Mexico would assist in the maintenance of these schools. Such seems to us to be the needs of the field. We cannot forget that Baptists were the first to preach the Gospel in that land ; and when we think how great a nation the Bepublic of Mexico might yet become if she could be brought to the feet of our Lord, of the 10,000,000 of people that are waiting for the purifying and elevating influences of the Gospel, and that the contiguity of this land, one with us in commercial and geographical ties calls loudly to be recognized as an integral part of the North America that we are to win for 140 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. Christ, we w'onder that the denomination does not at once urge upon the American Baptist Home Mission Society to go up and possess the land. Rev. W. H. Sloan, N. Y. Prof. AY. I. Knapp, Conn, li. M. WooDEUFF, D.D., Iowa. Rev. J. V. Schofield, Mo. Rev. T. M. AYestrup, Alexico. Committee. The President : "We will iio^v have the pleasure of heariDg the Rev. Dr. O. C. Pope, of Texas, on “ The duty of iVmerican Baptists to Mexico and the Society’s work therein.” DUTY OF AMERICAN BAPTISTS TO MEXICO. Mr. President and brethren : A very close adherence to the wise counsel of the great and illustrious Dr. Philetus Dobbs, when he said that we must do justice to the audience, whether we do justice to the subject or not, forces me to represent ten millions of persons in tAvelve minutes. Yesterday we had the Indian question represented by the Indians, and this afternoon we have had our German brethren representing the German interests. I hope that you will not all think you have a IMexican representing the jMexican interests before you, although I do not know whether the Mexicans or myself Avould be the sufferer by the mistake. Without stopping to indulge in any flowery exordium, I wish to enter at once into the discussion of this subject. It is a subject in which I have an intense interest, a subject in which I have had some experience. About six months ago I came before the Mission Board of this Society and made an arrangement whereby about fifteen missionaries were placed along our Texas border, which extends about a thousand miles, and in the superintendence of that work and those men I be¬ came acquainted somewhat with the religious needs of Mexico; and made a journey over into that country, looking after oui' Mission stations in the States of Coahuila and New Leon ; consequently what I say about Mexico I shall say from my own personal observa¬ tion. The duty of American Baptists to Mexico. WeU, that duty is to give them the Gospel; and I argue it, first, because there is an open door there; and whoever knew a Yankee to stop for any reason from going in anywhere where there was an open door. Our peojde are PROCEEDINGS.-DUTY OF AMERICAN BAPTISTS TO MEXICO. 141 somewhat like the boy out West, who, when his father was looking in another direction, felled him to the ground. “ My son, why in the world did you give me such a stroke?” “Father,” said he, “you stood so fair I couldn’t help it.” (Laughter.) Mexico stands so fair to the people of this country that it reall}^ seems to me we cannot help going into it. .There is an open door there now. There has been for a good many years a struggle in Mexico between the Liberal Progressive party and the Imperial party. That struggle culminated in the overthrow of the Maximilian empire under the leadership of that wise President, Juarez. The Liberal party was triumphant, and every last vestige of a union between the Church and State was ob¬ literated . There is such a thing now in Mexico as religious liberty. So far as the government is concerned, it recognizes no religion and draws no ecclesiastical distinctions between its citizens. As soon as such a state of affairs as this was known, I believe the leading Bajitists went down into that country and in a quiet way began operations. There is now no obstacle to the pushing of our views in that repub¬ lic. The door is open; consequently that is one reason wh}" we owe it as a duty to give the Gospel to that country. It is our duty to give the Gospel to Mexico, because we can do it with less expense for a given amount of work than perhaps among almost any other people on this globe. The habits of the people are simple. The cost of living there is not very great. AVe have a capital good missionary there who has been working like a Trojan on a salary of four hundred dollars; and with smaller salaries than almost anywhere else we can carry on work efficiently. Another reason is that the people are ripe for the Gospel. Their hearts naturally turn away from Catholicism, as they attribute all the evils and woes of two centuries of their national history to the iron yoke of Catholicism; and having broken that yoke and having turned away from those scenes of revolution and blood which have character¬ ized that country for two centuries, they begin to look out for some¬ thing higher and grander and nobler than this priestcraft, that is holding them down, can supply. I found some intelligent Mexicans who were quite familiar with that advanced school,” so-called, of liberal thought, as represented by Professors Huxley and Darwin. Others follow after notorious infidels of our own land. But they are still averse—that is, the Liberal party—the greater part of the Mexi¬ can people are averse to Catholicism; and, consequent!}^, they are open to impressions from other sources. Now, it is the duty of the Baptists, especially, to give this Gospel 142 FIFTIETH ANNIYERSAHY. to them, because wherever our views are j^resented side by side with the views of other deiiomiiiatioiis the}" make the most forcible im¬ pression. I had a conversation with the Alcalde, and after giving him our ideas of Bajitist doctrine and of church polity, and especially when I spoke to him of our idea that every man in a Baptist church is the ecclesiastical equal of every other man, and that our govern¬ ment was based on the idea of freedom and equality of all the members, “Oil,” said he, “that is the very kind of government we want in this country; your church government exactly corresponds with my idea of what is in’ojier.” Then some of those that turn awa}" from Cathol¬ icism say : “ AVe can’t see so much difference between the Alethodists and the Catholics—they both have bishops and baptize children and sprinkle for baptism; but you people seem to be the antipodes of the Catholics ; you won’t baj^tize children, you insist on immersion.” And as a witness of the success of our principles when brought side by side -with others, take this fact : In the city of Monterey there has been a Presb^derian mission for many years, on which our Pres- b^’terian friends have spent about $30,000. I called upon the Super¬ intendent of Missions and asked him what success they had. He said they scarcely gathered twenty members; while our own little Baptist church, upon which has been expended perhaps less than a thousand dollars, has thirt 3 ^-eight intelligent, active Christian w’orkers. (Ap¬ plause.) AATiile I was there a most intelligent Mexican gentleman, an ex-major in the Mexican arm}", who had been attending services alternately at the Baptist and Presbyterian churches for several months, and comparing the two s^^stems, after he was hopefully con¬ verted, as we trust, came over to us; and I had the pleasure of wit¬ nessing his bajitism in the little church at Monterey. Again, there is another reason why we should give the Gospel to Mexico—a veiy imi)ortant reason. AVe must do it in order to preserve our work along the border of our own countrv. Now we are doing work all along the frontiers. How are we to ])rosecute that work successfully and make it efficient while on the border is a land of S 2 )iritual blight and darkness. In order to strengthen the hands of our missionaries u^ion the Bio Grande we need light-houses beyond the river. AA^e need a chain of mission stations, commencing at El Paso and running down to the Gulf, the wdiole as it were like a grand picket line; light-houses for the illumination of its inhabitants and for the strengthening of the hands of our own missionaries. Alexico now is being joined to this countiT b}" great lines of railroad. Three lines of railroad are now running from Texas into that rejniblic, all of them PEOCEEDINGS-EEPORT OF COMMITTEE ON WESTERN MISSIONS. 143 reacliing directly toward tlie cit}" of Mexico, and other lines are pro¬ jected. The time wdll soon come when our people will be brought into intimate associations with Mexico in financial and commercial transactions; and, consequently, if we are to carry on our work suc¬ cessfully where such a vast financial and social intimacy exists, we must endeavor to elevate those with whom we are brought into con¬ tact. Lastly, as to the results of our work, the results of the Society s work in Mexico. I believe that there have been results in no field on this whole continent commensurate with the results of the Mexican work in proportion to the amount expended. There are now in Mexico eight Baptist churches, four in the State of Coahuila and four in the State of New Leon. Those in the State of Coahuila are really the outgrowth of the work which Brother Westrup did in Monterey many years ago. With a trifling expenditure of money, we have now eight Baptist churches there, and they are churches, too, that are composed of in¬ telligent, active Christian workers. The man that imagines that all Mexicans are in a state of ignorance is very much mistaken. In the place where our little congregation meets, there is a magnificent col¬ lege, a State institution, where the youth are instructed ; and our members are the peers of the average intelligent classes of Mexico. I have some pictures here of Mexican Baptists in my pocket; I wish they were large enough for you all to see them, for I know you would be very much surprised to see the intelligent coun¬ tenances. When I left those people there they came to me and threw their arms around my neck, and begged me in God s name to ask their American brethren to send them help, and immediately. (Ap¬ plause.) Upon motion the report was adopted. The President: W^e will now listen to the report of the Committee on Western Missions, by the Rev. Dr. T. Edwin Brown, of Rhode Island. REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON WESTERN MISSIONS. Your Committee on Western Missions respectfully report : I. That even had the duty of a free discussion of the methods and work of the Board of Managers been imposed upon us—as should be the case in the ap¬ pointment of such committees, rather than the mere traditional duty of echoing and emphasizing the suggestions contained in the Report of the Board yet your present committee would have found themselves in such case without special occupation. The work done and the methods pursued have been so ad- 144 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. mirable, and the sentiments of the report are so commendable, that your com¬ mittee are glad to be to this good and glowing message both an echo and em¬ phasis. The fact that seventy-six additional missionaries have been employed in the Western field the present year, indicates that the Board fully appreciates the grandeur and awfulness of the times in which we live, and that the central theatre of a moral conflict, surpassing in moment anj’’ that the ages have wit¬ nessed, is our own North America, the field given us to subdue and cultivate for Christ. As to the past, we can certainly congratulate ourselves, and give thanks to God for progress. As to the adequacy of our work to the crisis at hand, while the Board have labored up to the full extent of their resources, there is not much room for self-complacency on the part of the constituency represented by the Board. Three hundred and fifty-five men to lay the foundations of Baptist faith and Christian civilization in forty-seven territorial possible New Englands !—for such IS the extent of the field covered by our Western Missions. Toward this vast field, and over it, such a migration of almost whole nations, as history has not hitherto recorded, is rapidly moving. Within the past three years Kansas has increased its population about 200,000, Dakota about 100,000, and Texas about 200,000. Last week over 25,000 immigrants were landed on our coasts, at the single port of New York. If the present rate of influx continues, 1882 will add more than 1,000,000 to our foreign born population. Can the nation assimilate this foreign mass? The j^roblem is yet unsolved. But we are assured that if it is to be solved, to the safety and increased healthfulness of the national life, the Gospel of Christ must enter as a vital factor into the solu¬ tion. Almost a million new possible subjects for evangelization or Christian teaching this year on our western field, and three hundred and fifty-five men to do that share of the work committed to the Baptist denomination ! What are these among so many ? Is there enough of extra faith and zeal and consecra¬ tion to reproduce the ancient miracle of the loaves and fishes, and to multiply the bread of life, and the distributing hands sufficiently to feed this great multi¬ tude, who will not sit upon, but toil, singly and in companies, among the springing grass and waving harvests and beside the lakes and water courses of our new Western Galilee of the Gentiles? Christ will work no miracle save that of grace. We have more loaves than we have yet accounted for to Him. And the answer to His providential demand—urged upon us, not only by the fact that the West of the future is to give laws and morals and religion to the nation, and through it to give morals and the Gospel, or an anti-Gospel, to the world—urged also .by the fact that the ignorance, bigotry, Bomanism, Socialism, Nihilism, Atheism, dead religious formalism, pouring in upon us must be met, contested, conquered, transformed, for the sake of national self preservation—the answer to this demand of our Lord, must be given in more men, more money, more faith, more prayer, more enthusiasm, yielded gladly under the double inspira¬ tion of loyalty to the flag of the Union and the cross of the Christ. Enlarge ! enlarge! enlarge! This is the voice of God’s providence. Let the Board by its action reiterate the call, and let the churches answer. One year of good work to-day will tell more on the future than fifty years when the crisis has passed by. God grant that we may be wise to know, even we at least in this our day, the things that belong to our peace. II. Your Committee recognize with pleasure the disposition of the Board to PROCEEDINGS-REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON WESTERN MISSIONS. 145 increase, as the contributing churches may enable them, the meagre pittance now paid to our missionaries. The entire work on our Western fields has been done at a cost to the Society of about $200 for each man employed, To be sure, the fields served are expected to add something to this. But expectations are not always realized, and the reality is often quite meagre. While we should cultivate self-support on the part of our mission churches, and the spirit of generosity on the part of the Women’s Home Mission circles, we should also en¬ able the missionary to cultivate self-respect; and it certainly seems belittling that our Home Mission Booms should be turned into a bureau for the distribu¬ tion of old clothes, And it does not tend to cultivate self-respect in the man, nor respect in the community for the manly independence of the man, who is compelled to send to a society of stranger-ladies the circumference of his waist¬ band or the number of his wife’s shoe. Let the old clothes department continue, if it must, and while it continues let it be generously sustained. But let this be regarded as a temporary expedient made needful by the poverty or parsimony of the new churches, or the incorrigible stinginess of too many of the old ones. But let us not forget, that the laborer is worthy, not of our charity, but of his hire. III. While your Committee believe that the Gospel is to be preached wherever men are found who need its message, whether in town or village or cattle ranch or mining camp, yet we would urge the expending of special effort in places of central influence and which seem destined to be sources of power in the future. Where populations are constantly shifting it is difficult to secure a proportionate adjustment of outlay. But strongholds must be captured at all hazard, even while the picket posts should not be overlooked. IV. The advantage of schools for the training of the young, as an adjunct to the work of evangelization, has been so completely demonstrated by the exper¬ ience of all mission work abroad, that it is no longer an open question. Why may not the same adjunct be used to advantage at home? Schools are the strong¬ hold of Jesuitism in New Mexico. Their neglect is the weakness of Protestant¬ ism. Our Presbyterian brethren affirmed the other day at Springfield that a line of Christian school-houses extending through the domain of the American Mohammed was essential to the downfall of Mormonism. The wish of the Board expressed in the report as to the expediency of such schools in Utah and New Mexico in connection with mission stations is, therefore, hailed with approval. The constitutional right of the Society to establish such schools has already been affirmed. Your committee recommend that the Society approve of the plan of the Board to enter upon the work of founding such schools, as far as this can be done in justice to other work already in hand. All of which is respectfully submitted. T. Edwin Brown, D.D., K. I. A. K. Potter, D.D., Mass. S. W. Duncan, D.D., Ohio. H. C. Woods, D.D., Minn. Bev. H. S. Westgate, Col. C. P. Jacobs, Esq., Ind. Committee. The President : The discHSsion upon this report will be opened by the Rev. Dr. William Carey Crane, of Texas, whom I have the pleas- 146 HFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. ure of introducing to you, on the “Present gro's\i:h and demands of this mission field.” GROWTH AND DEMANDS OF THE FIELD. Brother President: Allow me, sir, to call you by that familiar title, as we are accustomed to call the presiding officer of such bodies in Texas, from which I come. I therefore address you as Brother Presi¬ dent instead of Mr. President. I do not know that what I have to say this afternoon has any par¬ ticular relevancy to the able and w ell constructed repoid to wdiich you have just lent your attention. I find, by looking at your programme, that I am expected to speak upon the progress and gi-ow'th of the work of the xVmerican Baptist Home Mission Society. I am not the man to do fuU justice to so grand a theme as this; nor have I the facts by wdiich I could illustrate the progress and the growth of the w’ork of this grand and noble Society. Not familiar with all the details of its w^ork from the time it originated in this city to the present moment, I cannot speak jiarticularly to the point. As I progress permit me to say that tw'elve minutes for a man wdio has come two thousand miles is hardly an adequate ratio of time, either to the sub¬ ject or to the distance wffiich he has come. Be that as it ma}', permit me. Brother President, to say that I shall at this time undertake to carry out the injunction of old Sam Houston. A brother wffio has gone to glory, who traveled over the whole State of Texas, came to the house of the hero of San Antonio and told him that he had lost his horse. “Well,” said he, “ Go to my stable and get the best horse I have there, for the King’s business requires haste.” So I find this afternoon that in tw elve minutes the business requires haste; and therefore as to the 2:)rogress and growdh of the work of the American Baptist Home ^Mission Society. Let us look in the first place, to some of the evidences of this growdh. Fifty years ago, as a boy, I w'as passing through this city, and looked in upon the origin of this Society. I w'as a little interested in what wxis transpiring before me, with Heman Lincoln in the chair, and Jonathan Going apparently as master of ceremonies. The his¬ tory of the w'ork from that origin to the present moment is perhaps the grandest history of Home Missions wffiich could be written on either side of the globe. Eighteen hundred thirty-two—eighteen hundred eighty-tw'o. Then, no Home Misison Society. Now, a Home Mission Society which disburses four huncKed thousand PEOCEEDINGS-GROWTH AND DEMANDS OF THE FIELD. 147 dollars yearly. Then, twenty-four States. Now, thirty eight States. Then, thirt}^ colleges. Now, four hundred colleges in the Union. Then, not more than three colleges belonging to the Baptists in the United States. Noav, thirty-eight. Then, but one single, solitary theological seminary; and now six. Then, not a single female semi¬ nary, or female colleges as they are now called, belonging to the Bap¬ tists of the United States; and now over a hundred. Then, about thirteen million jieople in the United States ; and now over fifty million. Eighteen hundred thirty-two-—eighteen hundred eighty- two. Texas, then, nowhere. The State from which I come with hardly t’wenty thousand people upon its soil, and now two million. Then, not a single Baptist church upon the soil of Texas; and so late as 1839, the church from which I come, the little chui’ch of Inde¬ pendence, was one of three churches with three hundred and fifty Baptists in the State of Texas. Now, in that grand Empire State, one hundred and forty-five thousand Baptists. (Applause.) Tell me, Mr. President, are these not evidences of progress ? The first missionary sent to Texas was sent under the commission of the American Bap¬ tist Home Mission Society That Misssionaiy, William M. Tryon, established the first church ; * that missionarv wrote the charter of Baylor University; that man was the originator of the Texas Educa¬ tional Society. These laid the foundation for the Baptist State Con¬ vention and of aU the literary enterprises and of all missionary enter¬ prises of that grand State. * We have from 1832 to 1882 made w-onderful progress and grand changes. Then, the Baptists in the Southwest and in the West * worshipped in log cabins and rickety old frame buildings; now, the man is on this floor, or he is in this Society, who built the last church house on the Bio Grande, and the only one on the course of that great river. We have come out of the log cabin, we have come out of those old frame buildings ; and we are building temples not only in the city of New York and in the city of Boston but in the city of Houston, and in every place where we can com¬ mand an intelligent audience. Why, then. Sir, in 1832, I was a Bap¬ tist, but was ashamed to be called one. The particular party with whom I was associated said, “Yes, you went down to James river and *There appears to be a slight mistake here. The appointment of Eev. Wil¬ liam M. Tryon, to Texas, dates from January 4, 1841, that of llev. James Huck- ins from November 7, 1840. The latter had previously visited the Republic, as the agent of the Society, in the winter of 1839-40, and organized Baptist churches at Galveston and other places. 148 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. was ducked in that muddy water.” And now old Richmond boasts of having more Baptists than any other city on the globe; and I can walk erect in the city of Richmond and look my old classmates in the face and feel that I am a man as well as they. (Applause.) Yes, Sir, your Secretary tells the truth, that there are more Baptists in the city of Richmond than there are Episcopalians in the whole State of Vir¬ ginia. And I verily believe. Sir, that there are more Baptists in the county of Washington, where I live, than there are Episcopalians in the whole Empire State of Texas. Their congregations are few. They are a rich peojde, and a noble peojde ; and I have nothing to say against them. There are vast exj^enditures sent out from this city. Right in my town there are streams that come from this city to sup¬ port the little Episcopal congregation there. Mr. President, we have made progress not only in principles, not only in institutions, not only in educated men, not only in build¬ ings, not only in men of influence, but we have made progress in im¬ pressing our principles upon the great public heart, the most impor¬ tant of all points ; and now these are the evidences—I find I shall get through my twelve minutes before I commence. second point is to S 2 )eak, Sir, of the characteristics of this pro- gi’ess. I may say, in the first jflace, one of its most remarkable char¬ acteristics is its wondrous success, I believe we have been every¬ where spoken against; though I heard an Episcopalian bishop preach a sermon in *which he said that they were the people spoken against. But I am aware that from my boyhood to the present moment we have been sjDoken against' in eveiy possible way; and we have multitudes of fierce adversaries and opponents. WiU you • X^ardon here a little Houston story? I heard it since I started from home, so you see my speech was not written. As Dr. Wayland said, a man should learn to think on his legs. You know that Houston, after hurling his big sentiments on the Nebraska biU, went home to run for Governor, while he was still Senator. He did not think he would be elected, but ran the race to give his enemies a “ wijoe.” Thai was his intention; and he had notices all over the State inviting his ox:)j)onents to sj^eak with him. Well, he didn’t mean that they should follow him to every x:)lace where he sj^oke, but they did follow him, and the little and big dogs of the joarty folloAved ; and at last the tirade against him became so annoying that he thought he would answer them. Said he, “ fellow-citizens : when I entered ujion this canvass, I announced that I would divide time with my honora- able ox:>xoonent, but instead of doing this they are following me all PKOCEEDINGS-GROWTH Ai^D DEMANDS OF THE FIELD. 149 around the State. Now, I w^ouldn’t liurt a hair of their heads; I wouldn’t do them any harm; all I would do would be to gather them all here in one heap and then swap them off for the meanest sheep killing dog in the State of Texas, and then kill the dog.” (Laughter and applause.) So much for our enemies. (Laughter.) Here in New York and New England there are aU sorts of spiritual institutions prevailing. I have been so long in Texas I forget a great deal. We have no Free-loveism, veiy little Universahsm, little or no Unitarian- ism; Liberalism is at a discount. Why, the evangelical churches, so- called, Baptist, Methodist, Episcopalian, and Presbyterian, are the salt of our land, and Baptist sentiments and principles are prevailing even among Episcopalians ; and so far as the great question of Church and State is concerned, wre are a unit from Mason and Dixon’s line to the Bio Grande. I am going to hasten. In the next place,our growdh is a prelude of the final triumph of our principles. The grandest factor upon this con¬ tinent in bringing about that growth and bringing about the triumph of our principles is the American Baptist Home Mission Society ; and you delegates from Texas go back and say, that I said, that it is the grandest factor on this continent for that purpose. We want this Society and all other agencies to bring about the grand result of es¬ tablishing true principles of civil and religious liberty and evangeli¬ cal light in all parts of our land. Let us remember our battle cry, for it is only one, it is one which can be placed on every banner, “One Lord, one Faith, and one Baptism;” and on that battle cry we will fight the good fight of faith to the bitter end. Brethren, remember that this great State of New York has a rival down on the Bio Grande, and before another century dawns Texas will be the Empire State of the American Union. Let this Society and all other organi¬ zations appreciate this fact. The President : AYe will now have the pleasure of hearing the Bev. Dr. S. ay. Duncan, of Ohio, on the second topic of the discus¬ sion, after which the whole report will be open for five minute speeches. SCHOOLS IN UTAH AND THE SOUTHAYEST. Mr. President and Brethren : I never wished I w^as a missionary in the home field so much as I do at this hour. You have been favored by hearing from speakers who come fresh from the scenes of which 150 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. they speak, and filled with all the enthusiasm which personal contact with missions in the field gives a man. I labor under the disadvan¬ tage of having no such experience as this, but of being obliged to take j:)art in so important a topic as this with onlj' such knowledge as I have obtained in the midst of multitudinous duties. Indeed, I can¬ not tell exactly Avhy the Secretary should have selected me to speak upon this tojfic, except upon the princijole that juries are sometimes selected by reason of their ignorance and that they are without prej¬ udice ; but I shall endeavor to stick to the text, and say a few words in regard to the topic before me. The question is : Shall Ave buttress our missionary operations by Christian schools in the great SouthAvest? Noaa", to define precisely AAfiiat Ave mean here by Christian schools, let me say this; Ave do not contemplate at the present hour higher education—that may come by and b^q nor do Ave contemplate the establishment just noAv of such institutions as those Avhich are to the honor of our Society in the Southern States, for the education of the freedmen; but Ave mean here by Christian schools, those schools Avhich are a blessing to our Avhole land where education has prevailed—the common school, the public school. AVe mean schools like these that are blessing our toAvns and our cities at the North, under the auspices of this Society, taught by Christian men and Avomen, Avho, Avhile they are imbuing the minds of the pupils Avith the elements of knoAvledge, are at the same time, through the opj^ortunit}" thus furnished, introducing into their hearts and minds, through Grod-like examjfie, the blessed truths AAdiich Ave love and to Avhich Ave OAve our salvation. It is this type of school that Ave propose in the theme before us. There are to be in some in¬ stances schools Avhere both sexes are brought together and thus trained ; in other cases AA'here boys only, and others Avhere girls only will be taught. And this, Ave claim, is the most effective agency or auxiliary that Ave can employ in missionary evangelization. Noav, I shall not argue this question. I need not say one Avord to attest the poAver of education as an auxiliary for evangelization on this fioor. You have already had tAvo bright illustrations of it in the addresses from the Indian and the Freedman; men Avho are the living illustra¬ tions of the value of education as a factor in connection Avith our mis¬ sionary operations. For more than fifty years Ave have been engaged in missionary Avork among foreign populations, Avhere Christianity has been buoy¬ ing itself to the life of iieAv and strange people, and has learned some¬ thing of method; and as the result of those fifty years oim experience PROCEEDINGS-SCHOOLS IN UTAH AND THE SOUTHWEST, 151 lias been that the universal establishment of Christian schools, or some system of education more or less elaborate, is the best agency that can be used in evangelization. And we propose to profit by the results of this experience, and to effectively apply this in connection with our work in the Southwest. Now, then, let me go on to draw from the field, which includes Mexico, as well as Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, some of the claims that this work has upon us; and let me say to you that it is imperative that this Society should introduce this agency. Reference has already been made to Mexico. There is a public school system there, and it is now bearing beneficent fruits. It is gaining in method. Its importance is gaining an appreciation in the minds of men; but there are very great difficulties. In the report that w’as presented, you have heard the difficulty, and the necessity arising from the Romish character of those schools. The teachers do as thev are paid to do, and yield to the wishes of the parents, and they teach Catholicism as they did twenty years ago ; but a great many of those schools are taught by Independents and Liberals, by those who have broken with Catholicism, who are all adrift and who have no restino- place for their feet, and know nothing of the truth; and it is impossi¬ ble that they should not tinge the minds of those that come under them with therr own blank infidelity. I tell you that infidelity is rife in Mexico. It is just as much to be feared as Romanism, that has rested like a dark shadow on this land for so many years. We must go in there with effective aid. We must make a Christian school the auxiliary of the Christian teacher, for in that way only can we suc¬ ceed. But now, let us cross the border and come into our own land, and there is that great Territory, New Mexico, that meets us. The ques¬ tion may be raised here: “ Has not liberal provision been made in these States and Territories by the General Government in their school fund?” Yes; there has been a grand foundation laid, and these States and Territories, by reason of the land that has been reserved, have a great school fund. But how is that school fund used in New Mexico ? Ninet 3 ^-five per cent, of the j^opulation are Romanists, and they use that school fund with its millions for simple Monastic, and Jesuitic and other Romanist schools, and nothing else ; and like the policy of that church in other fields, they are base enough to turn the fund aside from its proper use, and use il: to pay the board of their own students studying in Romish seminaries ; and there are no schools in New Mexico to-day but Romish schools, except where they 152 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. are under the auspices of our various Missions. If we gain any hold whatever in New Mexico, in connection with our work, we must carry the common school and Christian school along with our work. Look at Utah, for that includes a portion of our field. There is a school fund ; but what use is likely to be made of it in that country where [Mormonism, with its bloody cross, reigns supreme ? Why, there, the school fund is completely under the power of iMormonism. There is a great want of education in Utah. The school ratio is very small. It only includes the ages between six and sixteen, and out of this small ratio of the population only thirty-nine per cent are in school. So there is comparatively little done in any form of education; and what is done, except by religious bodies, is under the entire adminis¬ tration of Mormonism. Now, how are we going to buttress up our work there unless we go with the Christian common schools and Christian teachers? All other denominations feel this; and as I speak, there is in my owm State a missionary of the Methodist Board pleading there to-day for $5,000, to put into their Methodist schools in Salt Lake City; and they say that in the redemption of Utah, Christian schools must be the chief agency; and you have already heard in your report, what ^vas said at Sjiringfield by the great Pres¬ byterian body that has been laboring there longer than we have. They say in those significant words, that for the downfall of Mor¬ monism, it is necessary that we shall run a line of school houses right through the domain of the American Mohammed. These are the facts, brethren, drawn from the field, that lead us to plead for Chris¬ tian schools in the Southwest to buttress our work ; nor would this require a large outlay. There is nothing they want so much in that great Southwest as the school! There is no other tax they pay so willingly as the school tax, and they are willing to second any efforts we shall make. In Mexico, the President, and the Liberals in these Territories, appeal to us and say they are willing to do it, because, they say, we have no schools except what you give us, and they are willing to put their hands in their own pockets, and help us in this good w’ork. It is for us to say what shall be done. I liked wdiat w'as said in regard to Bible work in this city last Sun¬ day morning. The speaker said a great many seemed to think that the thing to do is to stand around and talk about the Bible w'ork, but I have come to the conclusion that it is our duty to circidate the Bible and let others do the talking. And I say that the thing tor us to do now, is to go right forward and plant these schools, to feel their necessity, and put into the hands of our Secre- PROCEEDINGS-SCHOOLS IN UTAH AND THE SOUTHWEST. 153 tary the means to do it; and not to spend too much time in stand¬ ing around and talking about it. If we would take these fields for Christ we must make haste, and if we are to take them for Christ we must use the element of Christian education as well as Christian work. (Applause.) The President : The question is open for discussion in five minute speeches. Rev. W. C. Van Meter, of N. Y. : Never did Dr. Gregory speak a truer word, nor a wiser, nor a more approjiriate one, than that which I want to read to you here. “As a simple preaching agency these schools equal any missionary work you are doing.” That is one thing. “ As a means of preaching the Gospel they would demand support entirely independent of their educational work.” Brethren, you have heard the arguments. You have listened to the theory. I believe in it, and therefore I have lived and worked and taught for this one thing. I am responsible for that which I feel to be the call of God to me to preach the Gospel. So am I responsible for the manner in which I have done and am doing it. And, therefore, I have sought to bring the little ones in, and the larger, and instruct them by day and by night; attending at first to school instruction; but with religion to enlighten and permeate the whole. The great difficulty with which we have to contend as missionaries is ignorance ; and I thank God and take courage this afternoon as I listen to such earnest words in behalf of evangelical school' work in connection with missionary work. The objection has been that it is too expensive, that it is an unwise way to spend mone 3 ^ Now, for one single illustration. Why, a brother said to me the other day in this city, and I honor the man, too : ‘ ‘ You cannot efficiently blend religious instruction with secular instructipn, and therefore you should not spend money in that way.” Look at it. I have not been to Mexico and therefore my illustration is drawn from another field. AVhen sent to Rome by the Bible and Publication Society, and God opened the door in that dark region, the Ghetto, the Jewish quarter in that city, the great question was : How can we have school work and give the Gospel to the people ? They are invited. It is night. The lesson to be given is the beginning of the English lesson. We must have it. Shall I hand the Bible to them ? No. Shall I call it preaching? No. No Bible or preaching. But I have slates and pencils all ready. A pleasant word for the work and a hope that they would remember this, their first evening’s lesson. Each has a 154 FIFTIETH ANXn’ERSARY. slate and pencil, and there is a blackboard; and I take a piece of chalk, and I must write the highest word in the language, G-o-d; and they pronounced it, but they didn’t know what it meant; and I wrote under that “ Deo,'’ and they knew its meaning in a moment. And then came, i-s, is; and they wrote it, and spelt it; and then I put under that “ C 8 ^,” and they knew it; and then came, g-o-o-d, good, and they pronounced it, and then I wote under that “ bono," and then they repeated the sentence, “ God is good,” and they knew its meaning. And then I wrote another sentence under it, and used the first two words, Giod is “ amor,” “ God is love ; ” and they had learned tw'o sentences in the English language. I have a brother present who can speak better than I can, and so this brother vu’ites, and after a few pleasant words he began, first: “How do you know there is a God?” “What did God ever do for you? ” And each man began to answer the question, and there came with that the corresponding obligation, if God did this for you, Iioav ought you feel toward him ? And so you see how the lesson began to work in, each man bearing testimony, until he carried them up into the higher regions of God’s boundless love. And for about ten minutes I saw that congregation or school earnestly interested, leaning forward with mouths open and eyes open, drinking in every word. I never saw an^dhing like it, as that brother took them on step by step into the boundless love of God. I said: I have got a song; would you like to learn it? And then I wrote on the blackboard that beautiful song, “ Jesus paid it all,” and my daughter sat down at the organ. “ Jesu pago i^er tutte ” “ Jesus paid it all.” And then a few kind words; and “Now as you are ac¬ customed to sing, to-night sing as 3 "ou go on the street, make all the Ghetto ring to-night Avith the good neAVS, “Jesus paid it all.” O, I iieA^er heard anything in m 3 " life like it; and as the}" Avent doAvn the street, AA'e could hear theii’ voices here and there, as theA' sang: ‘‘Jem pago per tutte.” Brethren, that is school Avork; that is evangelical school Avork. That is Avhat Ave need to do. (Applause.) Rev. a. Blackburn, of Indiana : Mr. Chairman : Not because I am from the extreme West, but because I am from along this line that 3 ^ou call the West, that loaa the West Avhen this Societ}" Avas organ¬ ized, I speak upon this question that is before us b}" the report of the committee. Let us not forget it. We are speaking noAV about Western Mis¬ sions, and this Society can sa}", Avhile Ave are upon this subject: “For this came I into the Avorld; for this Avas I born.” Western Missions. What does it mean, brethren ? What is the Avork of the American proceedingf:—^vestern missions 1,55 Baptist Hoiue Mission Society ? Why, it seems to me we have been dealing witli the skirmish line. We have been talking about those things that are subsidiary, and noAv at this late hour of the day, I wish that our President Avas like Joshua of old that he might com- 15G FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. mand the day longer, that we might discuss this question of questions that lias come before us as a Society. The Army of the Cumberland thought, under Rosecrans, that they had taken Chattanooga without a battle. They thought the •skirmish lines had taken that stronghold, and they went in there and camped for a day; but it was a mistake. The army of the South had only stepped aside to ralh', that Long- street might go oyer and reinforce Bragg, and then we found that that place was not to be won until the great forces, the infantry of the army, was brought up into battle line, and until the Washington of the generals of the late war, George H. Thomas, the rock of Chickamauga, standing there with his Army of the Cumberland, should repel the attack and fight the battle. Brethren, we are not going to take North America for Christ by dealing with the foreigners, by dealing with the colored j^eojile, by dealing with the question of education; but we are going to take it, if it is taken, on the battle-field of Western Missions. Just there; and we are to do it because there is an army of men commanded by some George H. Thomas, and I belieye we haye him here (apjJause); and they will stand tliere in the surges of the battle. I haye seen from my little church in Indiana 1113 ^ best members go to Dakota, to Nebraska, and to Kansas, and the}" are going there to be the men of those new churches. Western Missions! Look at it! MTiat is it ? Why, it is the field of North America. Let us not forget, brethren, this afternoon, in our story-telling and enjoyment, that we are think¬ ing about Western ^Missions, the grandest subject that can take session of American Baptists. (Applause.) The President : I haye now the pleasure of introducing the liny. Edward Ellis, of Dakota, General Missionary of the Society. Mr. Chairman and Friends: I take gTeat pleasure ins 23 eaking after my brother, an old class-mate and brother soldier in more senses than one. I take a yery great jileasure in siieaking of the field in which I labor. We ought all to glory in our work and in our faith. The men that succeed are the men that are fully persuaded that they occupy the yery best, the most promising and imj^ortant field. In looking over this field and looking ujion these dots (referring to the map), these stars planted here and there in the centre of our country, I feel my heart burn. And in listening to the rejiorts of committees and the speeches of brethren in regard to the various fields, my heart began musing, and while it mused the fire burned. I thinli;, friends, that you are somewhat mistaken about the charac- PROCEEDINGS-WESTERN MISSIONS. 157 ter of those who move to occupy this frontier ground in the vicinity of Dakota and Minnesota. You were speaking of the multitudes that land at Castle Garden. The actual report says that only about two per cent, of the immigrants in our country go into the frontier land and possess it. The people that come to Dakota are your brethren. They are people from Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Indiana, Ohio, and Illinois. These are the men that come to occupy Dakota. We thanlv; God that we are to have an intelligent class of English-speaking peo¬ ple to take first possession of this land. Now, the way in which they come is really remarkable. This world is moving. Coming to New York Ave are persuaded that the whole Avorld is on a move. We had an idea in the West that we might come and look around a little here; that the Western people Avere the only men alive. I Avent doAAUi toward BroadAvay, or down toAvard the river, and I was charmed AAuth the appearance of that Avonderful bridge, and I began to look and gaze upon it. Pretty soon I came near being run over. I found it AA^as not safe to stand still in Noav York (laughter). But I am not the man to be run over. I mean to moA^e; and sent out by your Society to Dakota, to go there with a company, Ave are there not to stand still, not to Avait for a more favorable opportunity, but Ave are there to possess the land. We are to charge. B3" the Avay, my brother just now reminded me of a little experience. We were draAvn in battle line before that terrible Port Wood. We Avere ordered to lay aside our heavy Aveights and make ready for a charge. The line stood still, silent, and pale as marble. Yeiy soon it came : ‘ ‘ Charge! ” Oh, you can’t imagine the situation, as I boAved and thought, if I could only do my duty and hide; if there were only a place that I could just sink into and be buried. But here I am, I said; I have taken a solemn voav, I am to fight for my countr}", for the rights of men; I can’t run, I can’t hide, I must charge. You, brethren, have sent me out there. At times I feel as though I Avould like to return home to my quiet church and go back to my friends; but I am there, I cannot go back, I cannot turn recreant to the trust, I must charge. I must go and take possession of this great fortress. There, my friends, is the stronghold ; that is tlie point of influence; there is AAdiere the great poAA^er rests, and the safety of your nation and mine lies in the vieAvs and character of the people that occupy that great NortliAvest. Dakota being right on the line of the great thoroughfare of the nation, the great high av ay of the Avorld, by-and-by even the redeemed of the Lord will pass that Avay. AVe are there to prepare the Avay, to occupy the land. They are coming 158 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. by the thousands. Just pictiu’e the way they are coming. You know how our fathers came to the AVest; I remember 1113 ' father telling me- about going on the Erie Canal as an immigrant, and of the slow man¬ ner in which they got along; but now the}’ go in palace cars. I saw a train passing through Wisconsin to Dakota, with eleven passenger coaches, four sleeping cars, one dining car, and two locomotives. And where are the}’ going? They are going to possess that wonder¬ ful land. And that is just the way they are coming, dear friends; and they represent the intelligence, they are the bone and the sinew of the nation. WTiat are we going to do? Help them ! (Applause.) Rev. W^. W^hitney, of Minnesota : Mr. President and IBrethren : I wish the first moment that I occupy to-day to emphasize the words of Brother Ellis in regard to the character of the peo^de in the W^est, because I believe it to be a point which is not thoroughly appreci¬ ated. We hear stories of the waA’ of livino: and theA' are the facts. I went across a short portion of Brother Ellis’s territory the other day,, and Ave saAV dotting the prairies here and there, through the AAdiole distance that I Avent, little sod houses, sod from the ground up to the apex. Those are the kind of houses in the West, iijion the frontiers, very often. That is the first house that is built. There is the diiT floor, and for fuel there are the corn stalks or the straAV, the flax straAV,. the trimmings from sugar cane, and then there are many other tilings. People hear of these disadvantages and they think, perchance, of some poor, Avretched family here in the East that is living that way, and they rank the AVestern people often ii) the same class AA’ith the poor people that live that way in the East. So I say it is important that this point be emjihasized, that the men and Avomen that are so rapidly peopling the AVest are manly men and Avonianly AVomen. Then another point, in regard to the character of the ministers in the AVest, the missionary pastors. I Avas glad to hear that remark in the report in regard to the “ Old Clothes Department ” of the Home Alission SocietA’. In the sense in Avhich it was Avritten, I believe that Ave ought to continue that department of tlie Society. In the sense, and that is the literal sen.se, in which it is carried on, I believe it ought to be discontinued at the earliest possible moment. For in¬ stance, those pastors Avho are in need of such contributions, are jias- tors that are able to occupy any ordinary pulpit in the East. They are men of culture, men of ability, and they have Avives and families that have received culture. AVhat thev need is not old clothes. The • */ money that theyreceh’e from the Society, and the pittance that comes to them from the home held barelv suflices them for the necessanes- V PKOCEEDINGS-WESTERN MISSIONS. 159 of life and for some kind of clothing for every-day wear. If they send under the stress of their necessities to some Eastern society for some other clothing, it is not that their old stock may be ’re-duplicated, but that the}^ may have something that shall make them presentable on the Sabbath day and other public occasions. I know one family that received a box from the East, and it took that cultured lady one full week before she could summon courage enough to find time to write a postal card of acknowledgment. She’ couldn’t find words which should express the truth and no falsehood, and yet she could not feel thankful but rattier humiliated by such a parcel of worthless material. I know another man, or heard authentically the incident; he waited because he could not conscientiously acknowledge that he was thankful for the receipt of the barrel, until some member of the society that sent it wrote on, reminding him that he had not yet acknowledged its receipt. He couldn’t do it. He had received nothing for which to be thankful. (Laughter and applause.) Another man, I was talking with him but a few weeks ago, said : “ Last fall I was in need of clothing; my family was in need of clothing, and upon suggestion I forwarded an application, and a box came, and actualty,” he said, “ there wasn’t anything in it that I could use.” Why, I tell you. Brother President, as officially con¬ nected with this Society, and Brethren and Sisters especially of the churches, if we would have these men hold up their heads and feel like men, we must allow them to be treated like men and not like seiwants. (Apjilause.) Brother Morehouse suggests the point of salaiy. The point of sal¬ ary is usually a very small j^oint. (Laughter.) There is an impor¬ tant field. It needs cultivation. The men and women that are there, as well as the ministers, have been accustomed to good fare mentally, and they want ability in the pulpit. The}^ will come to the meeting if they can have anything intellectually to feed upon, and they say : “ We want a good man, send us a good man.” “ WeU, what can you do? ” ‘‘ Well, I supjiose we mf^ht in this field, per- haj)S raise one hundred and fifty dollars, possibly two hundred, if he was the right man, but we don’t want any ordinary man.” Well, now, this looks at first as if beggars should not be choosers, and yet we must remember that those people are intelligent. I have addressed audiences away on the frontier, hundreds of miles from educational advantages, that have been as appreciative and as intelligent as any¬ one could ask an audience to be. But there is the salary. We have asked men in the name of Christianity, young men that wanted to 160 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. go to the frontier, and have suggested that possibly we could raise six hundred dollars. That has been the last of the correspondence about ninetj times out of a hundi'ed. And 3 ^et I am thankful to say that there are good men coming into Minnesota. We have a good man within the past year at Duluth; another good man at Brainard; another voun" man from the theological seminary that will next month settle at another prominent point. A good man from the East, from this State of New York, wdthin the past week or two has gone to the very extreme Avestern portion of Minnesota, at the heads of Big Stone and Travers lakes, the Avater shed of the continent, leaA^- ing an important point to take that little feeble place. The President: I have the pleasure of introducing to you tlie Bev. D. Spencer, of Utah; he goes there to-morroAA*, and he has but one Avife. (Laughter.) Dear Brethren : Our Mission in Utah is full of promise. It is noAV about one year since the little church, the First Baptist Church in Utah was organized. AVe have to-day thirt^^-five members, and a Sunday-school of sixty scholars; and, I return to¬ morrow, as your President has said, to build the first Bajitist meeting¬ house in that Territoiy. From the city of Ogden, the great railroad centre of the Pocky Mountain district, Ave propose to reach out and do missionary Avork in all the surrounding settlements. There are hundreds of railroad stations AAuthin almost hailing distance, where there is nothing to cheer the traveler, nothing to remind him that he is in a Christian countiy; and we are anxious that these stations shall be occupied by Baptist churches ; that they shall be occupied and held for our Master. And what are the immediate needs of Utah? AVe have heard about the needs of the Indians, and of the Alexicans, but there is a need in Utah. If I had time I could take you into those extensive mining camps Avhere there is not a single elevating or refining influ¬ ence. I could take at)u into those numerous cattle ranches AA'here the children are groAving up as ignorant as the children in any heathen country, Avithout anything to elevate them, Avuthout anything to prepare them for their duties as citizens of this gTeat country. I could take you into those dark Alormon settlements, as dark as Egypt, as dark as the dark continent, to-day; I could take you into those dark settlements and show you woman degTaded, Avomen more degraded in some respects than the slave women of our oAvn South were eA^er degraded. I could take you down there and sIioav you PROCEEDINGS-WESTERN EMISSIONS. IGl » one hundred thousand, or nearly that, of these Avomen, and many of them as devoted women as you can find anywhere, women who have nature’s castles in the COLORADO CANON. been taught that their only hope of a future life depends upon tlieir being joined to some IMormon bishop or elder. As a religious dut} 1G2 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. they are bearin" this cross, and what is our duty to those women ? AVhat is our duty to the one hundred and fifty thousand people of Utah ? Is it not to carry them the Gospel of Jesus Christ ? i\Iy Brethren, our great hope for Utah is missionaries and teachers. We who lire there are hoping for something from legislation; but we do not belieye that our main dependence is to be found in acts of CongTess. Darkness reigns all oyer Utah, and the only waj” to dispel the darkness is to take the light there. You cannot banish it by an act of Congress. AVe must go there with the light, and when we in¬ troduce the Gospel there, when we take the missionary and the teacher there, the darkness will fiee away. The success which has already attended the efforts of Christian missions in Utah is a bright ^irelude of the future. If the work can only be carried forward, if we can haye the means there that we need, if we can have devoted Christian women there to teach the schools that we need, I have no doubt as to the future. The brethren have spoken of the immigration into Dakota. AATiy, I saw myself in the city of Ogden last sainmer, one thousand Swedes come in upon a single train of cars, brought in there by the Mormon elders and bishops ; and after I went away from looking over that scene, I was told by an e^'e witness, by a reliable witness, that a Mor¬ mon elder came there and took a beautiful girl, some sixteen years of age, who did not know a word of our English language; he told me that he took that girl, struggling as she was, and led her off to his wagon and carried her away to his harem; and there was no eye to 2 :)ity in that city of Ogden, and there was no arm to save. And these scenes are witnessed in the veiy heart of America. They have been witnessed there during the past year. Aly brethren, do we not owe a duty to this people ? Do we not owe it to ourselves as Americans that these scenes shall no longer be Avitnessed there ? Shall not the churches of America rise as one man and say this must not continue t.' longer? We have the power, my brethren. The ability is with the Church of Christ. I am surprised sometimes at the apathy of our churches. I am surprised at the apathy of our Christian women in the churches, Avhen they see their sisters being enslaved in Utah and submitted to a degradation Avorse than aiiA' knoAvii in a heathen country. AMiy, mj brethren and sisters, a bloAv stricken at Avomaii in Utah is a bloAV stricken at Avoman evervAvhere ! If Avomanin Utah c' is enslaved, Avoman cA'eryAvhere is degraded. These things must no longer be alloAved. (Applause). IiEA\ J. AV. Biddle, of Boston : Air. President : I feel as though I PROCEEDINGS-WESTERN MISSIONS. 163 wanted to say a word in emphasis of wdiat was said by Brother Whitney on the subject of the salaries which are jiaid to our mission¬ aries in the West. We have a grand lot of men who rexu’esent us in these mission fields : men who are doing grand work for Christ and the denomination; and yet, it is a lamentable fact that they are re¬ ceiving only a mere pittance as a remuneration for their services. Now, it is to be taken into consideration that a large number of these men who are engaged in western fields are there, not because of the salary which they receive, nor are they there because they have a greater amount of missionary sjiirit than many of the minis¬ ters of the Gospel throughout the East. They have been drawn into those western fields, many of them, because of the salubrity of the climate; they went there for theii* own benefit and for the benefit of their families, and they are there to-day because they cannot live East. Many of them there are living upon very small salaries. In¬ deed, as has been intimated in the report of your committee, the average amount of money which is paid by the Society to our mis¬ sionaries in the West is about two hundred dollars. The average amount of salary which is received by the missionaries of Minnesota, and I can speak more intelligently in that respect, as I superintended that work for two or three years, is about five hundred dollars. It is onty the pastors of the very best churches in the West that are receiv¬ ing an^dhing like a salary wdiich enables them to give their energies to their work. Now, this ought not so to be, as a matter of economy on the part of the denomination and the Society that sends them out. I believe, sir, that if their salaries were increased one-half it would enable them to give themselves to their work with far greater effect. We give to our foreign missionaries one thousand or twelve hundred dollars a vear, and in that lift them above all occasion for embarrassment, and enable them to give all their energies to the work. And this is Scrip- tui’al, for “ The laborer is worthy of his hire.” Not only so, it is eco¬ nomical, it is right. Why is it not so with the Home Mission Society ? We talk a great deal about the importance of having men with the missionary sjiirit. My dear brethren and sisters, they have no more missionary sjiirit than there is in the hearts of the brethren who le- main behind; and if you would increase the missionary sjiirit of those who are in the M est already, increase their salary. I have never seen a Bajdist minister whose missionary spirit could not be increased by an addition of five hundred dollars to his salary. (Laughtei and applause.) 104 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. The PiiEsiDENT ; The hour has arrived for the election of officers. Tlie question is on the adoption of the report of the Committee on "Western Missions. On motion the report was adopted. Tlie Committee on Nominations, through J. W. Carter, D.D., W. Va., reported as follows : Officers for 1882-83. President —Hon. James L. Howard, Conn. Vice-Presidents —Hon. J. H. Walker, ^Massachusetts; John. D. Rocke¬ feller, Esq., Ohio. Treasurer —Joseph B. Hoyt, Esq., Connecticut. Auditors —William Phelps, Esq., New York; Joseph Brokaw, Esq., New York. Corresponding Secretary —Henry L. Morehouse, B.D., New Y^ork. Pecording Secretary —Rev. D, B. Jutten, New York. Managers —Third Class, expiring 1885—W. H. Parmly, D.D., Jersey City, N. J.; J. F. Elder, B.D., New York ; S. S. Constant, Esq., ]S[(ew Y^ork; AY. H. Jameson, Esq., Brooklyn, N. Y.; J. P. Townsend, Esq., New York. The report was received and the following brethren w^ere appointed tellers: J. G. Snelling, Conn.; AA". AA". Bliss, N. Y.; Rev. B. E>. Proper, Iowa ; Rev. A. Blackburn, Indiana ; Rev. AV. E. Powell, AA^. A^a. A ballot having been taken, the 1;ellers declared that the persons named in the report of the Committee had been duly elected as officers of the Society. The meeting adjourned after the benediction by A. G. Palmer, D.D., Conn. PROCEEDINGS.-CHURCH EDIFICE WORK. 165- FIFTH SESSION. Thursday Evening, May 25tli, 1882. CHURCH EDIFICE WORK. The exercises of the evening were commenced by the singing of the hymn, “ What a friend we have in Jesus,” after which prayer was offered by Eev. C. Rhodes, of Brooklyn. Dr. Morehouse : I have received the following telegram from the President of the Missionary Baptist Convention, of Georgia—a Convention of our colored brethren: The American Baptist Home Mission Society, at the First Baptist Church, Thirty-ninth street. New York City : The Missionary Baptist Convention, of Georgia, sends its hearty congratulations to your body upon its Jubilee Celebration. J. C. Bryan, President. In this connection I have thought it fit that an ap23ropriate re¬ sponse be made, and if it be the pleasure of the Society that a tele¬ gram be sent, I suggest II. Thessalonians, 2d chap., 16th and 17th verses : Now our Lord Jesus Christ himself, and God even our Father, which hath loved us, and hath given us everlasting consola- tion’and good hope, through grace, comfort your hearts, and stablish you in every good word and work. ” The message was ordered to be sent. Dr. Morehouse : I have also the following, which will explain itself * Saratoga Springs, May 20th, 1882. To the American Baptist Home Mission Society, assembled in New York: Dear Brethren : AVe very cordially invite your body to meet at Saratoga, in May, 1883. Respectfully, on behalf of the Committee, George A. Smith, Pastor First Baptist Church. On motion the communication was referred to the committee (to be appointed) on place of meeting and arrangements for next year. 166 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. Such committee was then appointed, as follows: A. K. Potter, D.D., of Mass.; Henry F. Colby, D.D., of Ohio; Hev. S. H. Green, of Dis¬ trict of Columbia ; Samuel A. Crozer, of Philadelphia, and John H. Deane, of New York. The hymn, “ Come Thou fount of every blessing ” was then sung. The President : We will now listen to the reading of the Report of the Committee on Church Edifice Work, by Rev. Z. Grenell, of Mich. REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON CHURCH EDIFICE WORK. Your Committee on Church Eilifice Work respectfully offer the following report: The wisdom of making a fund for aiding young and feeble churches to pro¬ vide themselves suitable places of worship, repeatedly attested in the results achieved since the plan first became operative, has been vindicated anew and yet more abundantly in the year just closed. Almost all of the 9d church edi¬ fices erected or put in course of erection since your last anniversary, owing their existence to the encouragement with which this fund stimulated their hope, their zeal, and their benevolence, stand as witnesses of the far-sightedness no 1 less than of the kindness which inspired the formation of this noble instrument. The value of the fund is as the urgency of the need it supplies and as its adaptedness to supply that need most directly and most helpfull 3 ^ It is pos¬ sible to exaggerate the importance of the meeting-house as a factor in church life and church growth, but it is not easy to do so. For, though, a given church may live and grow without a certain house of its own, and though another church may dwindle and perish though well possessed of the best of houses, yet observation affirms that, as a rule, the meeting-house wanting is a prediction of decaj’^; and the meeting-house present, the vitality, enterprise, and power of the church multiplies rapidly and often far beyond the limits of sanguine expecta¬ tion. The house of worship, underlining the divine injunction to “forsake not the assembling,” makes directly for church fellowship, cohesiveness, aggres¬ sion, permanence, and extension. It compels the recognition of the community and does much to secure its respect and to gain its ear. It offers an oppor¬ tunity and makes a demand for such a positive declaration of the whole Gospel as the school-house, the public hall, or any place used by permission or suffer¬ ance does not, and for such a deliverance of the entire message as constitutes the only reason for the existence of Baptist Churches and is the surest pledge of their success. Church visibility is often simply a question of the visibility of a meeting-house. Whatever may be the exact scope of the repeated Apostolic phrase, “ The church in thy house,” “The church in his house,” “The church in their house,” this much, at least, is evident, that the inspired Paul saw the church as a body not only localized but also sheltered and at home. To speak of the meeting-house as the fold of the flock is to give but a very inadequate representation of its functions. It is more than a fold where the PROCEEDINGS-REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON CHURCH EDIFICE WORK. 167 flock gotliers, rests, and ruminates; it is the place where they are pastured and watered and washed ana shorn betimes. The intimate and almost necessary relation between these ministrations and the proper nurture of the church in¬ dicates the value of the edifice which secures regularity iu these minis¬ trations. Then the absence of such a house is a real need and urgent, and the urgency of the need is greatest in young and promising communities, made up of people of limited means. The Society that undertakes to meet this want has a heavenly calling, and this, the only Society which makes organized and spec¬ ial effort for the erection of houses of worship for Baptist Churches, has a claim upon the brotherhood which must be felt in the depths of every intelligent and conscientious pocket-book. Good sense demands that this arm of our enterprise should be worked for all it is worth. It is capable of largely increased operation without materially adding to the expense of operating. The fund should be in¬ creased steadily and generously. The work of the past year is but a hint of what may be done. Your Committee beg leave to offer two suggestions, voicing conclusions reached through correspondence and conference with men in the field, touching the relation of the Society to edifice erection in general and the administration of the fund in particular. 1. In view of the fact that our brethren in the eastern sections of the conti¬ nent are frequently solicited by jirinted and written appeal and by persons carrying subscription books from place to place, to contribute toward the erec¬ tion of a church edifice at some unknown spot in the West, or to help snatch from under the sheriff’s hammer an imperilled house, and since would-be donors are deterred by various prudential considerations from responding favorably to these appeals, or if giving, are afterward vexed by doubt as to the wisdom of the donation, would it not be well if our churches should require that all such solicitors shall show the endorsement of this Society ? If, in addition to such endorsement, it were required that moneys so bestowed shall be reported to the Society and the account published in its records, the benevolent would be pro¬ tected, worthy cases would be greatly assisted, unworthy cases would be dis¬ countenanced, the Society in this department of its work would be brought into increased prominence, and the tendency to give directly to the Church Edifice Fund would be strengthened. Any consideration which induces a man to help a worthy church procure a meeting-house is an argument in that man’s mind for an enlargement of this Fund. 2. In the application of the Fund, whether by ^gift or loan, care should be exercised to extend its benefits first and most where there are signs of a real, spiritual body. The edifice should be provided for a living church in preference to a present or prospective congregation of people, who will call themselves Baptists if the Baptist denomination will put a meeting-house in their town. There are certain advantages in having the first church edifice in a place. The church thus forehanded is admired and patronized for its enterprise. The people become accustomed to going there. The next church' must take the leavings or get what it can steal from its predecessor. But there are offsets to all this. The leavings are not always to be despised. The last church has a chance to improve on the location and architecture of its predecessor. The new preacher is an attraction. Moreover, the first church is likely to be built up in some respects upon compromises, silent compromises, it may be, but compro- 1G8 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. mises none the less, and so it lacks solidity—lacks that definiteness of doctrinal outline which is a prime element of power. The existence of the edifice being due largely to public spirit, there is danger of a debilitating infection of woiid- liness. If now, resisting the temptation, the missionarj’^ makes the church tlie main thing, seeking to organize character and not numbers merely, holding the building as secondary, the meeting-house may be delayed, but when it comes it will cover something worth keeping. E. H. Johnson, D.D., 11. I. Eev. Z. Grenell Je., Mich. Eev. J. R. Stone, Ind. Rev. D. E. Halteman, \Vis. Rev. G. Gates, Kans. Col. H. Harris, Ohio. Capt. Ebenezee Morgan, Conn. Committee. The Corresj^onding Secretary submitted the report of the Board ou Church Edifice Work. Dr. Morehouse : AVith this portion of the report submitted, I am very glad to give way to one whose gift of $15,000 for this purpose entitles him to be heard on the subject —John H. Deane, Esq., of New York. (Applause.) OUB CHUBCH EDIEICE AVORK. The star that heralded the birth of Christ; the star tliat met and greeted the dawning of the Christian da\ ; the star beneatli whose light the angelic choir sang “ Glory to God in the highest, and on PR0CEEDIXC4S.-OUR CHURCH EDIFICE WORK. 169 earth peace, good will toward men;” tlie star that shepherds saw and the star that wise men followed; the star of Bethlehem, shone in the Eastern sky, and sent its radiance Westxmrd, and thus marked out the course Christianity should take through all the years to come. And from that time down to this, the real, radical, permanent progress of the church has been toward the West. Many devoted men and women have, it is true, turned their faces Eastward, and carried the story of the cross to the great nations of Asia and the countless tribes of Africa, and accomplished great and wonderful results; but these results have only been the rescuing of individual souls out of the darkness and the superstitions, which were, and still remain, the national characteristics; while, in its Westw^ard course, from Palestine, through Europe and the British Isles, and thence across the Atlantic to the Western World, and Westward still, across the continent, Christianity has stamped its impress upon the people as a wdiole, and revolutionized and civilized and Christianized the nations. And since its light first dawned upon Japan, from the direction of the rising sun, what wonders has it wrought, and how bright to-day its promises! And therefore, brethren, although I am thoroughly interested in the work of Foreign Missions, and love and honor those who are en¬ gaged therein, and cherish and revere the memories of the sainted heroes who, in Eastern lands, have lived and died foi Chiist, jet I cannot but feel a livelier interest, and labor with moie zeal and hope and courage, in behalf of our Home Mission work, foi the leason or at least such is one of the reasons—that the course of its progress is the course of Christian conquest. Westward. Some one may say that this is rather fanciful, and perhaps it is; but, if it be a fancy, it is a fancy based upon the history of the Church of Christ and of Christian civilization for over eighteen hundred years, and I love to fancy that to-day, the watching, waiting, working, hoping, praying follower of the Lord, still is guided by the star of Bethlehem, pointing West¬ ward. And then again, not only do I feel the livelier interest in Home Mission work, but my most ardent and most active sympathies are being drawn toward that branch or portion of this work which is styled the “Church Edilice Department;” because, as it seems to me, this particular department, of all others, has within itself the elements and the assurance of the grandest, the most far-reaching, and the most abiding success. The great and ultimate object of our A\ estern Mission work should 170 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. be, not so much to evangelize as to create or develop evangelizing forces; not so much to gather men into the church, as to establish churches to become and remain the centres of Christian influence and power. The evangelizing and the gathering in must be, of course, preliminary steps, but stopping there, the work is only half com¬ pleted —not half completed, only just begun. The westward progress of the church should be not only iciV/i, but somewhat like the westward progress of civilization. This year the emigrant must level the forest, subdue the prairie, live in a hut or dug-out, and struggle to live at that. Next vear he builds a cabin or cottage and eats of the fruits of his own labor. The year following he lives in a two-story house, has corn and grain and cattle to sell, gets a post-office established, and regularly receives his mail. And oiilj^ a few years later, where once was the forest or prairie, and then the farm and the cottage, is now the village or city; the Territory has become a State; the emigrant is elected to Congress, and his younger sons are beginning to talk of moving farther AVest. And thus should it be with the church. First, the missionary, going from house to house, from camp to camp, and from village to village, preaching the Gospel, and, by the grace of God, coiiveriin^ souls. And then, the gathering of these converts into organized churches; churches living for a while, perhaps, as lived God’s ancient church, with no abiding place, but wandering in the wilderness of poverty and weakness. And then, the housing of these churches in plain, but neat and comfortable buildings of their own. And then, and finally, leaving them to their own resoiu'ces, to grow and develop by and within themselves, and to become not merel}' self-sustaining, but helpers in sustaining others; recijhents no more, but contributors; no longer mission churches, but missionary churches. And thus the church in the aggregate, by the expenditure of wealth, becomes richer and stronger b}" the expenditure of strength. And such is the work that our Baptist Home Mission Society, in its Western mission field, and more especially through its Church Edifice department, desires to do, is doing, and, to a very considerable and encouraging extent, has done. The importance of this work cannot be over-estimated, and the last steps in its progress are, perhaps, the most important ones of all. An individual Christian may continue steadfast in the faith without the supporiing influences of Christian fellowship; and Christian char¬ acter ?nay be maintained, without, and outside of, any church organiza- PBOCEEDINGS.-OUR CHURCH EDIFICE WORK. 171 tioii; and an organized cliiircli mayliwQ and grow and jn'osper, house¬ less and shelterless, and without so much as a room of ils own wherein to worship; such things are po^^ihJe, but the are all the other way; the general rule, as deduced from all experience, is that the solitary Cliristian, the Christian destitute of church surroundings, church companionship, church encouragements, and church restraints, becomes the cold, indifferent, lifeless, useless Christian ; and that a church continuing long without a dwelling place loses its vitality— and a good share of its members—and speedily sinks into the deplor¬ able condition of the church of the Laodiceans. In a wmrd, ever^^ Christian should become and continue to be an active member of an active church, if his religion is to prove a joy and comfort to him and a blessing to his neighbor; and every church that would attain prosperity and usefulness, should have a habitation and a home. And now permit me, very briefly, to refer, first, to the method or methods—for there are two—of our Society in carrying on this work of housing houseless churches ; and then to a few of the results thus far accomplished. • In the beginning of this work the method was to loan to feeble ■churches certain amounts from what is called the “ Church Edifice Loan Fund,” these amounts being varied according to the necessities and circumstances of particular cases. But subsequently, and within the past two years, it was thought that a church debt could scarcely be deemed a church blessing, even if the creditor ivas a Church So¬ ciety, and that an absolute gift, although of a smaller sum, would prove to be the most acceptable and the most efficient way of rendering aid. Thereupon and for such purposes another fund was created, which is called the “Church Edifice Benevolent Fund.” But then, this somewhat serious difficulty presented itself : if to a church an amount be given, instead of loaned, and afterwards, as sometimes happens, the church, through some misfortune or mismanagement, becomes embarrassed or proves to be a failure, the amount contributed is lost, and lost forever. And therefore, to provide against any such contingencies, this was the plan adopted : from every church receiv¬ ing a donation, a mortgage is required, whereof neither principal nor interest is ever payable unlens the property shall cease to be used for the j^urposes of a regular Baptist Church, or shall be alienated from the Baptist denomination. And thus we have what may lie st3ded the Benevolent Paradox, a debt that is no debt, a mortgage that is not a mortgage. The church is relieved from the incubus of a ma- 172 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. turing interest bearing obligation, and the Society is protected against any possible perversion of its funds. Under the latter system of gifts, .$15,805.87 Avere given to fiftA’-six churches last year. The gift of that amount of money helped those tifty-six churches to accpiire indisputable title to $181,700 Avoidli of church property; helped those fifty-six churches to give comfortable and pleasant seats to 14,800 people in houses of Avorship, and room for nearh" 20,000 Sundav-school children. • Think, business men, of that magnificent investment of cash—in one year a product in propeidy of nearly 800 per cent, net on the amount invested ! But the great product in souls converted, backsHders reclaimed, and children taught to love and cherish God can only be knoAAui Avhen the roll of honor is called on high and the great balance sheet is struck. And, in conclusion, brethren, let me urge the claims of this depart¬ ment of otir mission Avork 112^011 your consideration and the consider¬ ation of all the churches. The elders of the JeAvs once came to Christ in behalf of a Gentile soldier, beseeching him to heal the centurion’s servant, Avdio Avas sick and ready to die. And the argument they used Avas this : That the centurion Avas a AvorthA" man, Avho loA’ed their nation and liad built for them a synagogue. Perhaps the JeAvish Church of that vicinity Avas 2)oor; the centurion certainly Avas rich and liberal, and his generous contribution to their Church Edifice Erection Fund built this Ca 2 Dernaum synagogue; and thereby he, the Gentile, secured the JeAvish friendshi}), syni23athies and 2^rayers, and the healing of his servant, and better than all, the commendation and the blessing of our Lord; and his name is crystallized in the AA^ord of God. That synagogue gift Avas the Avisest, the^ best, the most 25aying investment the cen¬ turion ever made, and just at this 23resent time the Baptist churches of the West aftbrd abundant oi^i^ortunities for similar investments. And yet hoAv small Avas that opi^ortunity acce 2 )ted by the l^agan soldier in the glimmering light of the coming jVIessiah, AAdien coni- 2)ared Avith the grand army of oi^i^ortunities 2^J^esented by the 2,500 houseless, homeless BaxAist churches of our OAvn great land, Avhose continued cry comes to us eastern men on every Avestern and southern breeze : Come, hel}^ us build a tabernacle to the Lord! The President : The discussion Avill be continued by Bea^ Dr. W. W. Everts, of NeAV Jersey : Dr. Ea'erts: Church building and Home Missions, is the i^oint I liaA^e PROCEEDINGS.-OUR CHURCH EDIFICE WORK. 173 been requested to speak upon. A great man said that religion is inde¬ structible in the heart of man-; and besides making provision for that universal and ennobling necessity, the house of God must be regarded as one of the most important factors in man’s higher education. The humblest spire on the most remote frontier, pointing heavenward, teaches more eloquently of man’s great¬ ness, duties and destinies, than the pyramids of Egypt, the mausoleums, columns, and arches of Asia, or all the capitals of modern or ancient empires ; more eloquenth" than academies of art, institutions of learning, common schools, or colleges. That one symbol of God to the soul, of the higher relations of man, is thus the mightiest impulse to the highest education of the human race; is pointing out to man, everywhere, his relation to the super¬ natural world. It becomes at once the necessary oracle of all divine relation, the stronghold of aU human duty, an organizer of public and private conscience, the shrine of all hallowed associations, “the benison of all gratitude of the creature to the creator,” the refuge from aU sorrows, and the only open gate symbolic of the heavenly world. It is not surprising, therefore, that this building of houses of God becomes the great work of the Christian Church, as we have heard so eloquently enforced by our brother in his address. It becomes an eternal throne of the highest spiritual empire, the administrator of moral law, moral government, the rule of conscience, the rule of life ; the House of the Lord is the throne of that mighty empire. It enforces the sanctity of the Sabbath, the sanctity of the family, of all social and commercial virtue, and all holy aspiration. Thus the house of the Lord becomes the foundation of the kingdom of God before the W'Orld, in external symbols, ruling all conscience and all lives, so that there is raised up an ensign for all law and order, and aU spiritual appeal. At Salt Lake, I was much impressed, in looking at the guilty town, with the fortress two miles away, but more with the hellish temple than with the market-place, and avenues and streets. The house of the Lord, from the highest eminence, commands all human conscience, all human laws, all human purj^ose, and all human des¬ tiny. If there were no other purpose than to symbolize moral empire, there is no greater work for the Church than building every¬ where a house of the Lord, as Abraham did of old. Wherever he traveled he built his altar, and every people should build an altar, that the name of God may be lifted as a symbol before all. 174 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. Buildiii" a house of the Lord is not only a direct symbol of this moral empire, but it is also historic, and should be a centre of all religious missions, reforms and charities. When the old temple was built, and all the tribes of Israel went there regularly, what an impulse it was to religious worship. And wherever the synagogue was erected, there local religion revived. And wherever you build a house of the Lord, there (diristendom is yet to have its religious revival; wherever its foundation, set by faith, by pra^xr, and holy endeavor, there is the consecrated battlement in the world, where men’s souls are to be saved. Judgment comes out of the house of the Lord ; there the ensign is lifted up to a people perplexed, there where iniquity comes in like a Hood the standard of the Lord is lifted up against it. It is one of the strongholds of virtue, of hope for humanity, but more particularly a prospective reward, as alluded to by our brother before us. It is anticipating our inheritance. Taking possession of our chartered rights and building a house of the Lord is the shrewdest and mightiest thing any people can do. Remember how the Colonies based their hope of empire upon their chartered rights. It was thought very strange that on paper they should hunt up such vast territory. They sent surveying parties, drove down their stakes, and took possession of their inheritance. Thus our magnificent Empire State, b}' the wisdom of the charter, was taken possession of. And, brethren, the great commission, as given the Apostolic Church as a. chaidered right, is not only applicable to our America, but to‘ the whole world ; and if our churches cannot hold their charter, they should lose it. It is not a small matter to be surveying the country as our portion, going about driving stakes and fixing boundaries, and then going away upon the slightest encroachment of hierarchy or secularism. There is a grand work to do. AVill vou not do it ? One more thought : That is, the 2:)ermanency it promises. Breth¬ ren, the other things are all good ; evangelism is good ; Sunday- schools are good ; but do not forget that it is only a temporary occu¬ pation. A^ou are now like the tents of a scouting party, as compared with a military post where the batteries of an army are planted. The building of a house of God is fixing a permanent centre, a place whence you send out workers through the land, founding Sunday- schools, and gathering congregations. And finally, there is no great reason why you should want the means. It pays better than any other investment, for the whole world helps you more in this than in anything else ; it pays 800 per PROCEEDINGS.-CLAIMS OF THE CHURCH EDIFICE WORK. 175 cent, financially, and we cannot tell what per cent, spiritually. If you go through this country you can raise ten dollars for your faith, and invest it permanently in a house of the Lord, where you could not get it for any other purpose. So it is in the dedication of churches throughout the land. Why, says one, we could have held this town for $ 300 , or $ 500 . The Methodist bishop w^as here, our families were scattered. We lost the opportunity; we raised little driblets of money ; a few hundred dollars would have saved us. I knew a brother well who occupied a post in the Northwest, who said to me, “ Brother Everts, I could have taken fifty towns in Minnesota for a few hundred dollars, but our people could not see it, pretentious in their faith, and claiming all America for God, and lacking foresight, while a delving devil took possession of their chartered rights.” I undertake to say, from more knowledge than most men have of church building, that where without a house there are five hundred members, a thousand might be gathered and located if there were a church edi¬ fice. Our brethren are doing the work, and they have got the right policy. We can build five thousand churches if necessary; and you will be blessing the world, blessing the whole country, and founding 3'our faith, by building these church edifices now. (Applause). The President : It was expected that Dr. Ellis, of Massachusetts, would discuss the next point on the programme : “The Facts about the Destitution of Church Edifices, and the Belative Claim of this AYork on American Baptists To-day,” but Dr. Ellis, having been sent abroad b^" his people, we shall have pleasure of having as a substitute, Bev. Dr. P. S. Henson, of Chicago. (Applause.) CLAIMS OF THE CHUKCH EDIFICE WOKK. iMr. President: I take it for granted that most of the good people present are Eastern people, and this cheering is so hearty because I am announced as from Chicago; and I am here feeling xerj much bigger, broader, and a better man in spirit, espe- cialty as I see our Eastern friends from Boston. Who can answer for Boston but Boston ? I am not from Boston—more’s the pit}" for Boston! (Laughter.) I only wish I had been sent abroad, so as to escape this ordeal. I was asked to-day to say a word with reference to this question, and with preposterous temerity I consented. I always fancy if a thing is a little remote I can do it. Like other Chicagoans, I have come to invest in “ futures ;” but when the time for settlement comes 17G FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. I am often short. (Laughter.) I hate corners, and so am distressed to find myself in a corner ; but I ^vill say what I was expected to say, although just what that is I am not sure. I want to say this, however (it may be pertinent or impertinent, possibly iiTelevant) : I do thank God that it is possible to worship Him without a house at all. Said our Saviour to the woman at the well, in that marvelous sermon, “ The hour is coming and now is, when neither in Jerusalem, nor in this mountain, shall ye worship God. ” And that hour has come, and anywhere beneath Heaven’s canopy you can kneel and lift up your heart and worship God, for all places and all times are sacred. “ The woods were God’s first temples,” and I believe in open air j^i’eaching. It was in the open air that the great Master loved especially to preach, by the shores of the sounding sea, and with the mountain for his pulpit. I thank God that ni}" early experience was in preaching out of doors, and I think it good for the health, accustomed as I was to preaching in the midst of all manner of disturbing sights and sounds out in the woods. And yet, while the woods were God’s first temples. He did not mean that they should be the last. It is possible to worship God out doors, and under Heaven’s blue canopy. There is such a thing also as a disembodied spirit; but a body is a very necessary adjunct for our present state of being. It is possible to worship God without a house, but it is mighty helpful to have a house. There are purely spiritual transcendental worshippers, that reduce religion to absurdit 3 \ It was never more haj^pil}' put than in one of our papers some years ago, referring to a Unitarian church (if “ church ” it might be called), that failed to recognize the headship and divinity of our Lord ; that had concluded that it was not woilli while to have the table sjiread with bread and wine, that it was enough to contemplate the bread and wine as though the}' were ])resent, and so the elements were not jn’oduced at all ; whereupon the sagacious editor suggested there was never a finer illustration of the eternal fitness of things than a creed with nothing in it, and a table with nothing on it. (Laughter). This, sir, Avas a reductio ad ah>iurdum, of transcendental spirituality. AVe need a house for Avork. The extent of the fruitage dejAends upon the rootage ; and each house of worship is a sort of banyan tree 2)lanted in a jilace, striking doAvn, stretching uj) and sjireading out, forming fresh centres, sju’eading and widening until the continent shall be covered with the fruitage and 2 )ower of Christian ciA'ilization. PROCEEDINGS.-CLAIMS OF THE CHURCH EDIFICE WORK. 177 Said Archimedes, the great philosopher of S}H-acuse, “ Give me a place where to stand, and a lever long enough, and I will move the world.” That lever is the glorious Gos2:)el of the grace of God; that place where to stand is your meeting-house ; and it is the power that goes out from the meeting-house that lifts the world. I came along across the continent on the lightning express train from what I used to think was the distant West; hut I have been grievously disajDpointed, for I have been like the boy that hunted for the bag of gold at the end of the rainbow ; and the end of the rain¬ bow was beyond in the distance. I have got as far as Chicago, but they tell me out there that is not the West at all. But rushing across the continent, along the track of a thousand miles, and looking out of the window, and seeing the spires of the houses of worship pointing heavenward, I knew the people, and my heart went out to them, as I saw the jdaces of worship, where Sabbath after Sabbath and \veek after week we show our love for our common Lord; and from which clouds of incense go up, and prayers and praise to Him who loved us and gave Himself for us. I believe in lighting in open*field, but I believe also in fortifications, bristling with heavy guns, and well supplied with all the resources of war. We had to-day a discussion of the Chinese question. How I longed for an oj^portunity to speak a piece ! How my heart burned within me as the brethren talked by the way ! How I felt my spirit stirred, as Paul’s was at Athens; but I think this is a larger question than that of the heathen Chinese; it is a question of Asia, Africa, and Europe; it is a question of Christian civilization; it is a question of the per¬ petuity of American institutions; it is a question affecting the des¬ tinies of a race, and the glory of Him who is God over all, blessed forever more. And I ask how this question is to be met? What is to be the salvation of America ? What is to be the result of this exodus from other lands, sweeping through the Golden Gate,—and through other gates that are not golden—sweeping through your New York gates, and through the gates of San Francisco, and every gate that is open. You cannot stop the tide of immigration. “ You might as well attempt,” as one said of old, “to dam up the waters of the Nile with bull-rushes;” you might as well attempt to stay the course of the sun, or to bottle up the clouds. There are perils springing from the presence of the multitudinous population that is being poured in upon us like an avalanche, and that threatens to bury us as Her¬ culaneum and Pompeii were buried of old. America is the dumping- ground of the garbage of the nations, as well as the recipient of all 178 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. that is noblest in fliiimanity, struggling to be free, and hastening to these shores where it may escape from the pestilence, the choke-damp, that strangles the life out of it in other lands. I am sure that no embargo that emanates from Washington is going to tiu’ii back the tide that will float this way, so surely and as long as water goes down and fire springs upward. You cannot tight against gravit}', nor fight against Grod. I believe in my heart that the Lord Almighty has destined America to be the place where the world’s greatest progressive community shall rest, where the regeneration of humanity is to be evolved, only let us have a fair deal every time. I fear not for the truth if Ave have a good chance. They that be for us are more than those against us. But what is our duty ? Wherewithal shall Ave fortify ourselves, as iniquity comes in like a flood ? The Church should lift its standard, and that standard should be this mission-AVork. I do not rely upon the neAvspapers. I desire to speak with bated breath, and with humble voice. I sjoeaknot of the newspapers of New York; they are immaculately pure, of course (laughter), but I speak of those newspa¬ pers Avith Avhich I am more familiar, and they are either open seAvers or breeders of pestilence. I sometimes feel like suppressing all of them, except our religious Aveeklies. I do not believe such enlightenment as comes from the secular press aauU save us; nor do I believe that salvation will come from Washington. The politicians have been very frank as they AAU’estled Avith this Chinese question; theA" have verified AAdiat Avas once Avritten over the door of a timner in 9 . London, and Ave might almost say it of every one of them: “ All sorts of tAvisting and turning done here.” “ Tliese are my sentiments,” said one of them: “I am a politician, and an honest man; if these senti¬ ments don’t suit 3 ’^ou, I can change ’em.” (Laughter.) I have no faith in Congress, or statutory enactments. In these ten years Ave have had compromise, and like all compromises, they have been compro¬ mises of principle, opposed to all moral and social experience—time¬ serving jDolicy. It Avill fail to seiwe the purpose; it will do Avhat aU compromises liaA'e done before in American history, AAdienever once the public faith is shaken. Education only means “ cleA^er devils,” unless the education be per¬ meated by the poAver of Christianity. Y^ou make a man no better at heart because you develop his brain. It is but a Shaiq^e’s rifle in the hands of a IModoc. I have faith in God; I have faith in God’s book; I have faith in God’s church; and I believe that the best Avay to aveii; the tide of destruction that sAveeps in upon us is by the erection of PROCEEDINGS.-CLAIMS OF THE CHURCH EDIFICE WORK. 179 just sucli levees, just such parapets, as are proposed by this Church Edifice Fund of the Home Mission Society. Let us plant churches all over the land, that the Spirit of the Lord may resist the incoming encroachments of the enemy. Just think of it, 2,500 homeless Baptist Churches, 1,500 of them west of the Mis¬ sissippi ! The money spent upon a single church here would almost house those 1,500. I thank God for what I hear of one church in the city of New York, and the house it proposes to build to the glory of God’s grace. God forbid that I should sneer at the Judas Iscariots of the churches, not because they do not care for the poor, but because they carry the money-bags and clutch them with miserly grasp and say, “ AVhy this waste? We have never wasted anything.” They never will. The only waste is the breath they take, the ground they occupy, save that in which they will be buried —that is a good invest¬ ment. (Laughter.) As a rule, take a church, one spending $25,000 for a house, and another of equal ability that spends $100,000 for a house; and the church that gives the most in the building of its house will give the most for everything. When the woman brought her costly box of ointment there were those who thought it wasteful; but that precious box has filled the world with its perfume, and we breathe it to-night. God be thanked for those who know how to make sacrifices for Him. The money spent for a single building East would house a thousand West. The men are in this house to-night who could do it. What a blessed thing if you would do it! How it would cheer! If he that makes a blade of grass to grow wdiere there was none before is a pub¬ lic benefactor, what shall be said of him that plants a house of the Lord, a light-house to fling its radiance to the stars, and all down the ages ? What a comfort when one conies to lay his head for the last time on his pillow to realize that there is a house of the Lord that his money helped to rear; a house Where prayer goes up, where the gos¬ pel is preached, where souls are saved; and with what joy he will look down from Heaven and watch the long jirocessions as they file through the gates on earth and file up to the gates of glory, and feel that in the salvation of each one of these he has had some humble share. God grant that the heart of many a rich man here may be opened; that this work even to-night may receive an impulse that shall send it down to all coming time; and make the next Jubilee of the American Baptist Home Mission Society aU radiant with the gloiy of our God. (Applause.) The Chairman of Committee of Arrangements, in behalf of the lady 180 FIFTIETH ANNIVFJRSARY. managers of the Baptist Home for Aged 'Women, invited all members of the Society to visit this Home before leaviii" the city. The Com- mittee also presented the Programme of Exercises for Friday, which was adopted. The President: The discussion will be continued by Rev. H. A. Delano, of Norwich, N. Y., speaking to the third point: “How Shall the Necessary Means be Secured for this Work?” THE MEANS FOR CHURCH EDIFICE WORK. ]\Ir. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: The question on the pro¬ gramme is simply this: How shall the necessary means be ob¬ tained ? It reminds me of a story I once heard of an elderly widow? who gained the consent of a gentleman to marry her. She told him soon after the wedding that they must be very economical, hus¬ band their means, and be a kind of co-operative society of ways and means. He told her if she would find the means he would provide the ways. I thought a year and a half ago, when I frequently came in contact with that wonderful man who comes nearest to being everywhere present of any man I know. Chaplain McCabe, who has charge of the special church erection work of that great body, the Methodist Church, I thought he was the greatest general of the kind I had ever known, the greatest general of the kind in the world; but I believe there is a man on this platform (his name is Morehouse) who can provide more ways than Chajfiain jVIcCabe, and I am sure, from what we have seen in the past, that he will provide the .ways if we will provide the means. First, let me suggest, my brethren, as there is a frontier, so there is a rear. Churches are going up day after day, sometimes one, some¬ times two, under the ausj^ices of this work. I have read of some of your gospel tents in the city of New York. I suppose you do not feel so much veneration for the tent when the work is done, as dui’ing the five or eight weeks’ w'ork ; not sufficient veneration to make you say, “ Hands off; you must not touch that dear old tent, because of the work it has done, the grand work it has done !” As I closed my'ser- mon a few mornings ago, a man stood on the platform and said to me: “ I want you to come over where I am, only a little way from here, and preach a sermon to us, and tell us what to do with our meeting¬ house.” I said : “ U.'<, how many have you there of membership?” “'Well,” he said, “I think there are about five left.” “About five left ? what is your meeting-house worth ?” “ So many thousand dol- PROCEEDINGS.-THE MEANS FOR CHURCH EDIFICE WORK. 181 lars.” “ Wliat are you going to do with it ?” “ Why, we are coming to join your church. We do not need a Baptist Church where we are, we are so near to you. What do you think we had better do with our church ? We can sell it if we like. There is no re¬ striction in the matter.” I did not answer him, but if he were here to-night I would say to him, sell it, and with the money build two or three in the West. And, sir, that simple thing repeats itself all over the Empire State, all over the New England States; and in the Western States there are properties concerning which there is no binding law, the property belonging to no individual, only to the church—and the church is not. there. But in many instances there is perhaps enough of the church left to dispose of the pro23erty legitimately, and I believe if the at¬ tention of the Associations were called to it, a large fund might be drawn from that source. I believe there is nothing more jn’actical and jiracticable commending itself to this Board. Again, sir, I believe that for the sake of a larger income, and the necessary income to do this work, the Baptist Sunday-schools of America should be enlisted, and the Board this year should make an ai^peal to every Baptist Sunday-school throughout the land that is able to give anything, to give a donation, large or small, for the Church Edifice Fund. Why ? Because the necessary means must be had; there is a necessity in the case. And, secondly, it will do the Sunday-schools good to do that kind of work, for in doing it they will grow. I wonder sometimes ujoon what meat these men of j^ours in New York have been fed, that the}^ learn to give so liberally, so o})- l^ortunely, so bravely, and I know they found their first incentive in the Sunday-school, with its reflex influence. I believe this should be done, not only because it is necessary to have the means, but because it will have a grand reflex effect u^^on the Sunday-schools as a matter of education. Then, again, I think the pastors should take up a special collection for this work. I met a brother clergyman a few mornings ago on his way to Conference. I asked him about a bundle in his hand, seeing it was jDeculiaiiy marked, and he said, ‘‘These are my collections during the year. ” He j^assed them over ; I was in a hurry, and could not count them; if I had remained to count them I do not know that I should have come here to New York; time would fail to tell of the collections taken in his Methodist Church during the 3 ^ear, and the wonder to me was there was anything left. “Why,” he said “ we have collections for this thing and for that,” showing me the amounts. 182 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. •But Ave Baptists talk of being drained, that is, outside of New York, that we sometimes give too much; but if it be true that large gB’ing will drain a church, I wish Ave had more such churches drained as are those that have given so liberall}" in this cit a'. AVe need not be afraid of another collection. This is specifically done in the IMethodist Church; it has been done for years; and Avhen our Secretary shall make an appeal on behalf of the Board, let the j^astors here to-night, whom you may reach, the pastors of ofir Association, the pastors of our States, east and Avest, be reminded that this is a necessary Avork, as justly stated in the Report of the Board ; that this money must be had, and that this is the only way to get it. Ask the peojfie to give it and the people Avill respond. Before I close I want to refer again to the first thought named, be¬ cause I believe there is something in it; this conA’erting of the prop- ertA" that Ave find on almost all the four corners, where churches are extinct, but where they have property Avorth $3,000 to $0,000; the ground on which they hold the fort being worth that much, perhaps. WIia" this Avaste? In many places we find the meeting¬ house, but it represents nothing but tAvo, four or eight thousand dollars; a large property, Avhich to-night might be converted to profit if judiciously managed in this direction. That is one thing I want to em¬ phasize, and not have you forget; another is, that the Sunday-schools be trained to take an interest in meeting-houses for those aaIio have none; and then the pastors’ specific Avork of choosing a Sabbath Avhen this special matter shall be laid upon the very hearts of the people, and laid there with emphasis. This morning, in Brooklyn, a lady said to me, “ Here is a letter from niA' son, I Avant to read it to you,’.’ and she read it to this effect: “We liaA’^e a great revival, a revival in the Baptist church, Avhich started and Avent doAAUi some time ago, numbering sixty. AVe are not able to build a house of Avorship, so Ave haA^e done this : AVe have gone one and a half miles aAvay and joined a Alethodist church. If Ave had had the means, Ave should not liav^e done so, but not having the means, Ave were obliged to do it tentatively, and cast in our lot with the Alethodists.” And it is like that all through the country; and to prevent this Avaste, Ave must furnish the necessary means! The President : AVe shall noAV have the jfieasure of hearing from Rev. I)r. AV. AI. L.aavrence, of Illinois, on “ The Home Alission So¬ ciety’s AA'ork as a Field for Christian Investment of Aloney. The Call for Consecration of Aleans to Home Alissions.” I noAv have the pleas- -ure of introducing him. PROCEEDINGS.-CHRISTIAN INVESTMENT OF MONEY. 183 CHRISTIAN INVESTIMENT OF MONEY. Mr. President and Brethren : In order that I ma}^ hold myself responsible for your kindness in remaining so long, I shall first take it for granted that I am at liberty to do j^recisely what a person does with fish, when he cuts off the head, cuts off the tail, takes out the backbone, and fries the two sides. I shall take off the heads, the tail, and the backbone, that I may present two sides. (Laughter.) MTien I came to hear Dr. Henson, I thought of the old question, “ MTiat shall be done with the man that cometh after the king ? ” I thought we were western men; but when I came into this house last evening and looked up at that map, and looked for Chicago away out yonder at those spots, and then found it away over here, I was considerably in a mix as to whether I was a western man or an eastern man ; but at aU events, I am for my country, and because I love my country I wish to speak a word on this subject. This call for the investment of means for the Home Mission work in its relation to the building of church edifices, is something that touches the heart and home of every man who lives in the east; par¬ ticularly eastern men, for you do not know where your boys will be in five or ten years from now ; and perhaps the very first thing they wiU look for, and the very thing that will lead them away from the faith of Christ, will be the Baptist meeting-house which has no existence. There is really reason to believe that God has called us to conse¬ crate ourselves to this very work. Now, this is first of all a matter of necessity; and a necessity because of the destiny of a race. Allusion has been made to this fact; but when vou come to think that in nine of our most prominent territories, in every one of which you might pocket some of the largest New England States, six of them only have Baptist churches, and they have only nine meeting-houses, while other churches are springing uj:) around them, j^ou must admit there is a necessity. Now the question comes, why do not these people themselves build ? Here, brethren, we talk of the rich AVest. The AA^est is not rich. The only profusion there is the broad land that can be plowed, and there are rich mines stored with currency; but time must be al¬ lowed for this to be brought out; then the AVest will be rich. AVhen a man goes there, the first thing he must do is to make himself a home; and he has not the money to put into a meeting-house; and naturally, the first thing he does with his money is to put it into his home. 184 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. Now then, if we come forward and help him out of this emergency, we shall find, as the history of the past years shows, that an average investment of two hundred and fifty dollars in a church will purchase or huild a house worth six times this sum; and if that is not a strong reason for investing your money, I do not know of one that is. There is another reason : it is not only one of necessity, but it is one of mighty opportunity; and that means consecration. I stood once in the Rock Island depot and watched the streams of emigrants as they’came in. Sometimes Chicago gets some of the worse ele¬ ments as well as the best; but the report that conies to us from those who are watching carefully the effect of emigration from other lands to these shores is, that the very best brains and the very best pro¬ ducers of money are coming to our land to-day. Now this is a great opportunity, to take charge of these peojile as they come together from other lands to ours. And not only that, my brethren, l)ut it is a great responsibility. A’ou will pardon me, but sometimes I think, from the brief time I have spent in Chicago, that the East does not really apprehend the needs of the West. Here in this citv vou ride on vour elevated rail- ^ C t/ roads, and you think it a great city; and it is a great cit}'; and you think you have a great land; audit is true; but when you come to think that 3^011 can ride da}' after dii}' in one direction in the West, and that in 1900 the centre of our population will be be^'ond the ^Mississippi River, unless statisticians fail in their iirophec}", 3^011 will agree that over there, be 3 'ond the ^Mississippi, is coming a power that is to make or break this land! You ma}" think what 3 'ou like here about 3 'our intellectual power; 3 'ou nia}" think wliat 3 'ou like about 3 'our mone}^; but these people, proud also, are being made citizens ; and the question is whether we are going to have citizenship ruled b 3 'Rome, or Rum, or Rationalism; or whether it is to be ruled b}' the true and real principles of the religion of Christ. 1 tell you it makes a vast difference to me what sort of a countiy I live in, and the da}' nia}' come when we shall find our countiy so weakened in this respect that perhaps we may be glad to emigTate to some other more convenient and hosjntable land. There was a little place in one of oui' western territories that had a saloon costing $4,000. In one week that saloon cleared $800, or $800 more than the annual salaiy of our home missionary for that district. There stand those glittering 2 :)alaces; there the}'stand open¬ ing their arms; and the men who keep them are led to understand that in order to entrap they must make thiugs attractive; there they PROCEEDINGS-CHRISTIAN INVESTMENT OF MONEY. 185 stand, supported by tlie men in those towns, by the husbands and brothers, while the women, wives and sisters, are compelled to beg and beg for their necessities. In regard to the other point I named—Eome. I have been some little time in the AVest, although not a western man, and I see Eome is seizing the opportunity; and I was surprised to find that in every prominent location in these western villages, especially throughout Indiana, the first building you see is a finely constructed Eoman Catholic meeting-house; while, as though ashamed, and nearly out of sight, is a little bit of a Protestant chaj^el. In one little city on the Mississippi Eiver they have a S23lendid church, and have founded a nunnery and a high school; while we Baptists have been obliged in that city to give up because we have not had money to repair and to keep an edifice. Now with reference to another point: It seems to me that as busi¬ ness men the first question you ask is, “ Is it safe to j^ut our money there ? ” Our very good friend has related to you the proofs of the safety of such investments; and if I si^eak of it, it will have to be theoretically—and you will have to understand it theoretically—for the most of us present are ministers. Now the theory is, that the first thing in the way of investing money is to find it safe. Used as stated by Mr. Deane to-night, as stated in the reports, and in the annual record, I think it is safe for business men to place their money in this direction, for the Lord’s sake; because such are his servants, and they should feel it is the Lord’s mone}^, and that it will not be squandered. No meeting-house, the plans for which have not been approved by the Board, will be built; nor help given to an organization that is likely to die. It is imj^ossible, under the wise leadership that char¬ acterizes this Board, that there should be danger of having empty meeting-houses, with signs of refreshment for man and beast, under the auspices of the joresent Home Mission Society. Another point: You cannot use the word Home without think¬ ing of a place. I attended a funeral a little while ago. They said : “ Our home is broken up.” They meant that all the family would leave the home, the dining-room would be shut, the house be sold, and the place abandoned. This is imjoortant in our talking of churches; while we may hold to the idea of a spiritual view of church membership, it is eminently important for us to know that the idea of church as a home is the proper idea, the Christ idea; for after the houses shall have vanished we shall be gathered in families around the kingdom of God, as our Saviour taught us to say: Our 186 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. Father, which art in Heaven. ^Without the family idea, the regnant, the essential idea of true existence, a church cannot he maintained, with its bright spire pointing to the sk}", writing words of love and words of pardon, words of symj^ath}' and words of encoui’agement, to every man who looks thereon. I am very much obliged to you, brethren, for your attention. I tell you my heart is full to-night. Such a strong church as the Immanuel Church, of Chicago, was put to no end of inconvenience by having for some time to worship here and there, and suspend its wor¬ ship until its building was completed. Will this thing pay ? We stand upon the borders of Lake ’Michigan, and there is not another one near us like it, and all through the assistance of this Association. WiU it pay to invest your money? Here is a representative of the First Church. Did it pay to found his church at Chicago? Does it pay to found these churches ? A^es, in God’s name, it pays, and God will give us the victory. When the time comes for passing the baskets do not feel it is time to joass out, but that in proportion to our means we should do what we can. (A^^jdause.) The report of the Committee on Church Edifice Work was then adopted. The Committee of AiTangements made the following supplementary re^Doid : That the representatives of Corresponding Bodies be invited to occup 3 " the seats to-morrow afternoon ; that twenty minutes be given to two representatives of the Southern Baptist Convention, and five minutes to one representative of each State Convention. The report was adopted. The Society adjourned, after the benediction by Rev. Dr. J. B. Simmons, N. Y. PROCEEDINGS-JUBILEE EXERCISES. 187 SIXTH SESSION. Friday Morning, May 26th. THE RETROSPECT—THE PAST FIFTY YEARS—THE WORK AND THE WORKERS—THE RESULTS—REPRESENTATIVE ADDRESSES. The Convention was called to order by the President. After the singing of the hymn “ Stand up, stand up for Jesus,” Kev. Dr. J. M. Pendleton, of Pennsylvania, read the LXVIIth Psalm. The President: We will now be led in prayer by the Pev. Dr. AVm. Pi. Williams, of this city. He was the Recording Secretary of the Society at its formation; his repute is with us all, for we know him by his works. It is also an interesting fact that this is the semi-cen¬ tennial of his entering the ministry, and that for fifty years he has been 2 Jastor of one church. Dr. Williams then offered prayer. The Committee on Place of Meeting for next year reported, through A. K. Potter, D.D., recommending that the next anniversary of this Society be held in Saratoga. The report was adopted. The President: YVe open this morning with The Retrospect; the Past Fifty Years. First, '' The Work and W^orkers of the Past; Rem¬ iniscences. ” Dr. Morehouse. I would suggest that all brethren who were present and ijarticipated in the organization of this Society, fifty years ago, come to the platform. The President: Is the Rev. Dr. Hague in the room? If not, we will have the pleasure of hearing first, upon the Retrospect, from Rev. Dr. T. C. Teasdale, of Tennessee. 188 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. THE RETROSPECT. IMr. President: As I am one of the favored few, still living, who were present at the organization of this Society, I have been requested to make a few remarks on this Jubilee occasion. This Society was born before any unholy sectional animosities had been engendered. The eminent brother who presided over the Convention which gave birth to this Society was a j^rominent Georgia Baptist—I refer to the Hon. Thomas Stocks. One of the Secretaries of that Convention was an honored Professor in the literarv and theological institution with t. o which I had been connected. The other esteemed Secretarv, the Nestor of the American pulpit, is still living, and his voice of thanks¬ giving was heard in our assembly this morning. At the organization of this Society, no prophet could have foretold its certain and steady growth, and its ultimate jnosperity and triumph. At a meeting of the Executive Committee, within a month after the organization of the Society, on motion of Rev. Charles G. Sommers, seconded by Rev. Spencer H. Cone, the following resolution was unanimously adopted: “ Besolved, That in view of the wants of our country, and the con¬ sequent duties of our denomination, and in the fear of God, and in dependence on His aid, this Committee will endeavor to raise duiing this year, at least the sum of ten thousand dollars, to be expended in Domestic Missions.” This was thought to be a veiy great stretch of faith at that time. But, sir, behold the amazing contrast! Duiing the first year of the existence of this Society, its most sanguine friends did not expect to raise more than ten thousand dollars to be ex])ended in the work of Do¬ mestic Missions, and considerably less than that amount was realized. The rej^ort of the Treasurer for the past year shows that the sum of $359,300.38 has been raised and expended in the important work of the Society. In view of the wonderful gTowth and prosperity of the Society, and the good which it has accomplished during the first fifty years of its existence, we may well exclaim, with adoring gratitude, MTiat hath God wrought!” Mr. President, while it affords me i)eculiar jdeasure to be present on this Jubilee occasion, I must confess that that pleasure is mingled to some extent with a feeling of solemn sadness. AVhen I remember the familiar forms, and the benigant smiles, and the eloquent voices of the noble men who were present in the Convention which called this Society into being, and then think that of all that honored com- v PROCEEDINGS-THE RETROSPECT. 189 pan}" only seven or eight remain among the living, I can but feel a peculiar seclateness creeping over m 3 " mind. “ The fathers ! where are the}" ?” I confess to a painful sense of loneliness, as I find myself standing almost like the last tree in the forest, amid the tempest and the storms that have borne the fathers and so many of my honored compeers to the silence of the tomb. We see their familiar faces and listen to their eloquent voices no more in our earthly assemblies. But I must not dwell on these sad reminiscences. Some of us will cross over the river, and greet these sainted loved ones on the shining shore, where parting and tears will be known no more. Mr. President, I must leave it to others to speak of the struggles and difficulties which this Society had to encounter in the infancy of its being. They know more about these matters than I do, because of their official relation to the Society. But, sir, I must be permitted to say that the noble brethren who guided the newly launched bark were found to be fully competent to execute the important trust con¬ fided to their care, and through sunshine and storm they managed to keep the vessel in proper trim, and directed its course toward the desired haven. The time will not allow me to give the briefest synopsis of the great work which this Society has accomplished during the fifty years of its existence, in fostering feeble churches; in establishing new inter¬ ests in destitute fields; in awakening and developing a spirit of en¬ larged beneficence among our brethren throughout the land; in aid¬ ing weak churches in the erection of suitable houses of worship in im¬ portant localities; and in its holy efforts to elevate and improve the condition of the freedmen of the South. But, sir, to say nothing more, the souls that have been saved through its instrumentality show the good which this Society has accomplished. The full extent of the good thus effected can never be estimated until we can better com¬ prehend the worth of the soul. The human soul—what a sublime mystery it is! This stupendous emanation ! For after all that his¬ tory, and philosophy, and ethics, and oratory, and poetry have writ¬ ten, and said, and sung about the human soul, it still remains a sublime, unfathomable mystery. Some estimate of its value may be seen in its amazing capacities; in the incalcidable price which has been paid for its redemption; and in its immortality, and perhaps its endless progression. A single soul, in the Saviour’s estimation, is worth more than all the material world. He made both the soul and the world, and he knew the relative value of each. In the form of solemn interrogations, which are far more significant than simple af- 190 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. firmations, lie teaches us distinctly that a man would be an almost infinite loser if he should gain the whole world and lose his own soul. It is impossible, therefore, to estimate the amount of good which this Society has accomplished, under God, in tlie everlasting salvation of so many precious souls. In the light of eternity alone can the bene¬ fits of the labors of this Society be fully revealed. May it be ours so to live and ‘labor that Avhen we are called to leave the watch-towers of our spiritual Jerusalem, through the vast serene, like the deep mel¬ ody of an angel’s song. Heaven’s approving voice may be heard: “ Servant of God, Avell done ! The glorious warfare’s past! The battle’s fought, the victory won, And thou art crowned at last.” The President : I have noAV the pleasure of introducing to you our brother, Joel Marble, Esq., of Bedford, NeAV York, one of the formers of the Society. Mr. jMarble : I could heartily aatsIi that some other person might occupy the position that I do this moment; and I occupy yoim atten¬ tion simply out of justice to the founder of the American Baptist Home Mission Society. In the early summer of 1831, Elder Going, as he was called, pastor of the First Baptist Church of AVorcester, Massachusetts, invited a number of the male members of his church to meet him on a given evening at his study. There were some fifteen or twenty present. Only three persons are living who were present at that meeting— Deacon Daniel Goddard, Hon. Isaac Davis, of Worcester, and myself. I am the only one here. Dr. Going, or Elder Going, as we called him, then stated to us the condition of his health. He had been pas¬ tor of that church sixteen vears and had had no vacation. He felt «/ the need of rest and retirement. Furthermore, his mind had been occujned for months as to the moral and religious condition of the people in the Western States. He asked leave of absence. He had been corresponding with ministers of Boston and rficinity in relation to that subject, and it Avas their ojAinion that some one should take a trip during that summer; and that he Avas the man. He therefore asked leave of absence. Hon. Isaac Davis moved, at his request, to grant it; and I had the honor of seconding that motion, AAuth the remark that Ave had better spare him a feAv months than have him labor until he Avas prostrated and had to resign his pastorate. Bear in mind this fact: Elder Going Avas not pastor simply of the Baptist church in PROCEEDINGS-THE RETROSPECT. 191 Worcester; he was to all intents and puriioses grand pastor of the whole Baptist Church. Scarcely an ordination or a council but Elder Going must be present. I remember his coming into the county. He was the second minister in that county of Worcester that had received, as we termed it in those days, a liberal education; and of course his influence extended through the whole county. He took that trip, and was gone some three or four months, return¬ ing in October. During his absence there was quite a revival, and he baptized during the two or three months following some seventy-five persons, and then tendered his resignation. I will occupy your time a few moments to read his letter to the church, which will give you an idea of his feelings and the sacrifice which he made in leaving that church. To THE First Baptist Church in Worcester : Dear Brethren : Influenced by an imperious sense of duty, I resign my office as pastor of this church, and request you to dismiss nie from its further exercise. I assure you that I have not arrived at the conclusion to take this measure without the most painful feelings. The connection between pastor and church I have ever conceived one of the most sacred among men. The present connection has existed more than sixteen years, and has, so far as I have known, been mutually interesting. In the present case none of the more usual causes exist which produce a separation between minister and people. No discontent on my part has induced a wish to remove to another charge, nor on your part have itching ears gathered other teachers. No deficiency of support of myself and family has driven me from you. You have afforded me a competency, and God has blessed me with a good share of contentment. Nor have I been dis¬ tressed by seeming to labor in vain, but rather have had occasion to bless God that he has made me of some service in Zion. Further, there seems to be some serious objection to my wishing for a dissolution of the connection. At my time of life changes are undesirable, and rarely jirosperous. A settled home becomes more and more desirable as we go down the declivity of life ; and more, the prospects of increased usefulness which are necessary to justify such an experi¬ ment are often delusive. Add to all the pains of tearing one’s self from those whom he loves, and by whom he is loved, of separation from various scenes and associations endeared to the heart by time. Do you then ask, why leave us ? My answer is not that I love the Baptist church and society in Worcester less, but that I love the body of Baptists and the multitudes who are destitute in the United States more. During my whole ministry I have felt constrained by a sense of duty to devote much attention to objects of religious charity, and especially for several years past, more time than is consistent with the highest advantage of a particular church. Besides, I have felt a deep solicitude for some years in the moral condition of the West, and my late tour has settled that solicitude in a pretty deep conviction of my duty to devote myself to the interest of Home Missions, particularly in the valley of the Mississippi. Plainly, a mighty effort must be made, and by the body 192 FIFTIETH ANNIVIIRSARY. of evangelical Christians in the United States, and made soon, or ignorance and heresy and infidelity will entrench themselves too strongly to he repulsed. And in that case it is morally certain that onr republic will be overturned and our institutions, civil and religious, will be demolished. As Baptists we have a deep interest in the work of Western reform; as friends of our common Christianity we are bound to propagate it among the des¬ titute; while as Baptists we should be solicitous that the ordinances of the Gos¬ pel, in their primitive form and beauty, should be established at an early period in the important valley of the West; and it is known that the larger proportion of the peo])le ai’e destitute of the means of salvation, while probably a thousand Baptist churches are without preaching every Sabbath. Our peoj)le should be stimulated to action by the example of other denominations. The Methodists are the most numerous sect in the West, and the Congregationalists and Pres¬ byterians have a Home Mission Society which now sustains four hundred and sixty-one ministers and missionaries. To the existence and success of the pro¬ jected Baptist Home Mission society it is indispensable that the w'hole time and energies of some man should be devoted, and our friends, whose opinions ought to determine questions of this sort, have said with great unanimity that this work belongeth to me. Another consideration which has had some influence on my judgment ought to be stated. I am apprehensive (and my physicians are of the same opinion) that my health requires more exercise than is consistent with the duties of a pastor. It has been for more than a year considerably impaired, and it is thought that traveling will be favorable to its improvement. I shall only add, that the peculiar condition of my family disallows altogether of my keeping house. This circumstance creates a serious embarrassment to one whose acquaintances and connection in public business are so extensive, and at the same time the intervals of loneliness and solitude which must occur, instead of being occupied in study, would, I fear, occasion a depression of spirit which is to be dreaded as at once a source of extreme mental suftering and an occasion of undermining my constitution. Such are the reasons which satisfy my own mind that my duty requires me to leave you. I feel grateful to God that I shall leave you in prosperity. You have increased from a handful to a large church. You are at peace among your¬ selves. And if, as I pray and confidently expect, you shall soon call for my suc¬ cessor a man of deep and ardent piet3% of talents and learning, of prudence and industry, to take the oversight of you in the Lord, there is in my view a fair prospect of continued prosperity. Y^oiir character for enlightened views, liber¬ ality for the support of religious institutions among yourselves and elsewhere, is respectable, and as you are by your location a city set on a hill which cannot be hid, if you jjursue the same course, others will rejoice in your light. I shall carry with me a deep sense of your candor and forbearance towards my own imperfections, and of your uniform kindness towards myself and my family, in particular and often repeated afflictions with which it has been visited. I do not know whether I shall be chargeable with invidious distinctions, if I acknowledge my special obligations to many of the female members of the church, an acknowdedgement in which my poor wife, I am sure, would most heartily join, when her reason is on its throne in her mind. PROCEEDINGS-THE RETROSPECT. 193 Amid the pains of parting I derive unspeakable consolation from the testi¬ mony of my own conscience, that bating my many imperfections, for which I ask forgiveness of God, in simplicity and Godly sincerity, I had my conversa¬ tion among yon ; that I have uniformly preached to j'-ou the doctrines which I most firmly believe, urged on your observance the duties which I feel bound myself to perform, and administered the ordinances as I found them in the New Testament. And when away from you, I shall weep in your adversity as a cln^rch, and rejoice in your prosperity ; while my prayer shall be that you and j’^our chil¬ dren, and the society connected with you, may find mercy in the day of Jesus Christ. Finally, brethren, farewell. Be perfect, be of good comfort, be of one mind, live in peace, and the God of love and peace will be with you. In the Kingdom and patience of Jesus Christ, I subscribe myself. Your affectionate pastor, JONATHAN GOING. WoECESTEE, December, 1831. The above communication was received January 2d, 1832. * After expressions of great regret by many members, by words and tears, it was reluctantly voted to accept his resignation. One word more. Many of you have heard of the Worcester Academv. That also originated in the brain of Elder Going. One word more. Probably all here are aware of the fact of the return of Luther Rice to the United States after he became a Baptist in India, and that to arouse a missionary spirit among the Baptist churches he traveled extensively through the country. In 1833, in his travels, he called at my father’s house and held a meeting'. I was too young to remember what he said. The point is this : All that has been done by the Baptists of the United States in Home and Eoreign Missions is within the memory of one man. I remember the time before these States were formed. I thank God for the changes that has been wrought. God is at the helm and he will assuredly carry forward His cause, not only in this country but in foreign lands. (Applause.) The President : One of the pleasant remembrances of my boy¬ hood is that of Dr. Going. I can see him to-day with his spare frame and strong underjaw, indicating character. I used to stand in awe of him ; and when I met him on the sidewalk I alwa^'S waRed by the curb line, so as to get by him without an admonition. I have the pleasure of introducing to you the Rev. Dr. Wm. Hague, of Massachusetts. Dr. Hague: I see my name is on the programme with the word “ Reminiscences,” and I was not here, as I learn, Avheii called. It is proper that I should state I was not engaged to be here or to speak ; 194 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. and I say tliat, because for over fifty years I have never forfeited an engagement ; but this was regarded only as an appointment; and when, a few weeks ago, your all wide-awake Secretary spoke of this occasion and asked me if I would come to speak a word about Dr. Going, I was very sorry to say that on account of bronchial affection I liad not preached a sermon for three months before, nor made an engagement ; and I come here just now in exactly that condition; precisely in the state, if I may be alloAved to refer to an illustration of the excellent Dr. Judson, wdien standing on the platform at the time he w^as here, and time had not told on me so, he availed himself of the voice that I now cannot trust, and said : “ Friends : My voice is in such a condition that I cannot trust it for five minutes, and for that reason I have prepared a paper w'hich I will ask my brother ”— referring to me—“at my right hand, Mr. Hague, to read for me to to th^ audience.” Now I am where he ^vas. For three months past, or more, I have not been able to trust myself to sj^eak in a public assembly ; and this is the first time I have spoken in a church edifice for more than four months. I thank God that I feel more power of voice this morning in this charming atmosphere, than I have for a long time past. . I can speak a word of Dr. Going. Mr. Marble has just stated that there is only one here jwobably who remembers him. You young men think it a ver}" long time back wfiieii this Society w^as formed ; and you look with reverence upon a man wdio participated in its organization ; perhaps as I felt when a boy, that I would like to see and shake hands with a man who had seen Washington and so I suppose I am appreciated as being one Avho himself saw and knew Dr. Going. Fifty-four years have j^assed since I made his acquaint¬ ance. Your Society is fifty years old. Four years preceding the for¬ mation of the Society I sought his acquaintance. Having left Princeton at the close of my first theological year, I went to join Newton, and when at Newton, interested in Massachusetts ecclesias¬ tical, and especially Bajffist history, I walked about and surveyed the towns roundabout, and w’ondered over the retrospect of so much pro¬ gress. You had as leaders, Stillman, Baldwin, Jonathan Going, and Hezekiah Smith ; and there stood in the centre of the most refined city in IMassachusetts (for 3 ’ears giving the governor to the State), a man whom I heard of as Jonathan Going, a leader ; and, knowing what he must have had to encounter in l)ecoming a minister of the church, and the builder of a place like that which he occupied, and which had become a centre of power, diffusing its influence PROCEEDINGS-THE RETROSPECT. 195 throughout all the State—no sooner was I at Newton than it was my desire to see him. I can only supplement now a little what Mr. Marble has said. I need not repeat him. But it was my curiosity to see that man; to shake his hand. I felt as if he was a hero. I felt God raised him up for a purpose ; and on my first opportunity Brother Chase sent me there on an occasion to preach. I was his guest ; and there I stood to learn his history. There I stood before him with an eagerness to know more about him ; and I can put in a few words what I then learned, and which Mr. Marble has not touched ; for I wanted to know whence he came, and how he got there, apprehending him in a liofht in which you young men cannot, and that is as a strategist, as a soldier, as a man who had wrought great things under difficulties; for at that time, let it be observed, the Baptist denomination was still singularly poor and feeble, and every man in Massachusetts had to be at times a teacher. The churches were almost nothing ; and they were in that condition when Jonathan Going became a pastor ; and I was looking back over thirteen years of his pastorate ; and so, in a little compend, I will give you the whole story. Mr. Marble has told you about him as he saw him ; but I want to take 3 ^ou fuither back. He was of Scotch blood ; and he was born in Vermont. The Scotch in New England are a good deal alike. The Scotch Yankee is the head of all strategists. (Applause.) When you put Scotch blood in a Yankee six feet high, weighing two hundred pounds, well proportioned, strong in limb, his cheekbones showing a little, as the average did in the third generation after they came to New England, indicating vigor and executive force, you have him realized. He got the common schooling. His uncle, Mr. Kenyon, saw something in him and took him in hand and sent him to the academy in Salem, Massachusetts, and thence he entered Brown University in 1805. It is a glorious thing to say of Brown University, that Going was con¬ verted there in the first year of his college life. As a freshman, and before he had comjfieted his college course, not waiting to preach under a rhetorical teacher, but bound to preach by his heart s love—he was all on fire—he went forth to preach. The First Church in Providence licensed him, and in 1809 he became a theological student. He hadn’t been there long before he became skeptical, doubted all religion. Do you wonder at that ? The atmosphere was all cold and chilly with Unitarianism, which then swept over Boston and Harvard University, and swept almost all the orthodoxy of Mas- I 196 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. saclmsetts awaj'. But there stood the old Baptist church, the ex¬ ponent of evangelical religion, and had stood there through the century (applause); and there, when that subtle influence touched some of the chief members, Judge Eddy went over; and it w^as enough to shake any ordinary man. The pastor himself was rather weak, and no wonder that young Going didn’t know wdiat to believe or whether to believe anything. He made his escape, how'ever. He went to Vermont and there kept the New Testament as his guide, and preached that, and came back to Christ with all his force. (Ap¬ plause. ) So he was j^repared. He was called to the pastorate of Cavendish in 1811, and that was an epoch. Of the forty-five Baptist ministers residing in this section not one of them had a college education. So he had a great deal to do, a wide sphere, and he filled it well, by day and by night. For four years he worked w’ith great revivals in his church; and Worcester then needed just such a man and called him in 1815. When I made his acquaintance that day and got all I w^anted to get out of him, I admired the work, I admired the wisdom of that almighty God who had taken him in his boyhood and sent him out; and there I stood looking upon that thirteen years’ work. That was in 1828. In 1829, as Mr. Marble has said, the subject of Home Missions lay upon his heart—as you would say, upon his brain. He talked of it all the time. It was developing itself in 1829, when I left. I became affected with malarial disease, and after the (X)urse of a year I left the ministry and went to the Chair of Latin and Greek of Georgetowm College, where I recovered my voice. The First Church of Boston called me in 1831, and I was again in the neighborhood of Jonathan Going; and then that great enterprise whose fiftieth year you now celebrate, and whose glorious work you have been unfolding, w'as then in mind, and he could hardly sleep nights on account of the great West. But that is not your great West. Did j^ou observe that in the letter Mr. IMarble read, it Avas not j'our West at all, but quite short of it. It was the valley of the ^Mississippi, and the statistics of that valley as to groAvth and poAver upheld him. And so he put in a letter of resignation. Yes, it Avas not your West ; you are exalted to a higher sphere and a grander outlook and a nobler field. Why, at that time—fifty years afterAvards, let me tell you, dear friends and Mr. President, it is Avorth your remembrance—a most learned man, the finest writer, and, as Daniel Webster said of him once, a very promising young man—that Avas George Hilliard, the author of “ Talks PROCEEDINGS.-THE RETROSPECT. 197 on Italy ”—gave a lecture, in wliicli lie went on to say, that God, in the structure of the world, had declared the decree that on this con¬ tinent there should not he one nation, hut two nations; that the Eocky Mountains would throw up a harrier, and separate one from another, and without more intercourse than could he allowed under such circumstances, two nations would he a necessity. And he demonstrated it, just as the impossihility of steam navigation from one continent to another was demonstrated. Next year Colonel Fremont discovered the track that God had made through these mountains, and published it in his journal; and I soon after met him at Washington, and he was greatly amused that Hilliard had demon¬ strated the utter impossihility of such intercourse between the Atlan¬ tic and Pacific Coast as would render national unity possible. But God works impossibilities, and the impossibilities is the truth some¬ times. Great your field! Now by the tips of your fingers you can converse with those that are in San Francisco and all along the Pacific shore. In 1831, Dr. Going made that journey Mr. Marble has spoken of. In 1832, the Society was formed. Four years he was Secretary. He was a man who could think. In 1836, he accepted the presidency of Granville College ; and, as Mr. Marble said, from having been the bishop of central Massachusetts, he actually was the bishop of Ohio, and every one looked to him. On November 9,1844, he left the world a record which we now love to commemorate. One word I must add. As Mr. Marble took the liberty to go a little out of his course and make a reminiscence, so do I, to illustrate the fact, that all you have done, all that the Baptists have done, is within one man’s memory. The President : We will now have the pleasure of hearing Eev. J. Clement, of Boston, Mass., also one of the veteran guard. Eev. J. Clement ; Mr. President and Brethren : I have much to say, but I cannot say it to-day on this very interesting occasion. I have just passed into my seventy-ninth year, and my fifty-eighth year since I commenced trying in my feeble manner to preach to lost men Jesus Christ and Him crucified. I would say, that I am the only one left in the Granite State of New Hampshire and the Green Mountain State of Vermont, in the Baj^tist ministry, that went from the plow to the pulpit, and from the jinlpit back to the plow, without any course of biblical or theological training for the Christian ministry; and 198 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. altliougli I am tall, I can he short—and have sometimes been obliged to be for want of stock. (Laughter.) In New Hampshire, among the Baptist ministers that I have known and can remember, the oldest one is a Newport minister who has just passed his ninetieth birthday. Dr. Cummings, of Concord, comes next, if I am correct; and I suppose that Elder Coombs, eighty-fonr years old, comes next. I come up to seventy-nine, and the excellent Elder Hooper, seventy-five years old, comes next in age, and Elder Gage, of Concord, comes next. We compose the old min¬ isters of New' Hampshire and Vermont. I can remember, not three w'eeks ago, in my last field of labor, Chester, I preached in the morn¬ ing in the Congregational church, in the afternoon in the Baptist church, at an out station. Walnut Hills, at five o’clock, and then went back to the village and attended the seven o’clock meeting. (Applause.) I can go back to the time when some of the largest churches in Ver¬ mont and New Hampshire w'ere not 3 ’et organized. I had my resi¬ dence in an adjoining town long before the Baptist church in Concord, New Hampshire, came into existence. I very distinctly remember Elder Taylor, who went to Michigan and built a female seminary as his life work. I can go back over these scenes and remember these old veterans, of wdiom the w'orld w^as hardly worthy, wdiom the w'orld hardly appreciated in their self-denying and cross-bearing work, planting the standard of the Cross on the hills and in the valleys of New' Hampshire and Vermont. (Applause.) I remember very well about the ministry of Christ in Hanover, when that institution of learning w'as first planted, for nobody then had a classical knowledge. I remember very well the old general complaint because we dressed so poorly wdien w'e went out to preach, and the comjilaint that went out from Hanover: “You must dress your ministers a little better;” but I said, I never knew the brethren to preach so w'ell as wdien the rags flaiiped most. I hear the rap of that gavel, and I generally calculate to be subordinate to the j^ow'ers that be, especially if they be ordained of God. But as aU the others have gone over their time, I want to say just one word about the money question. You come here to ask for money, and you preach for money. IMoney answers all things, I know, and the love of money is said to be the root of all evil. I hoj^e none of the doctors of divinity will get into this love, and that this love may not get through into any of our hearts. I want to say in regard to raising money, w’hat I said in the family tliis morning w'here I was sto^iping, that if it w'as not for the fact that PROCEEDINGS-THE RETROSPECT. 199 many of our Baptist brethren are poor, I should be ashamed to let the world know that between two and three million Baptist brethren in the United States of America do not raise more money for the home field, and carry the Gospel to the ends of the earth and give it to the Jew and Gentile, the rich and the poor, on the face of the whole earth. M 3 " brethren, we ought to be humble before God, because we are not more faithful in our stewardship in preaching the Gosj^el; for we know the Baptist church is under.the commission, “Go 3 "e into all the world and preach the Gospel to ever}" creature.” I rejoice that I am here. I ma}" never meet some of 3 "ou again, and I thank God from this time forth, and take courage in knowing that the power of the Cross is saving the world—not only North America, but the whole world. The President : The celebrated Dr. Bushnell preached a sermon on this love of mone}" once, in which he said : “ You notice, my breth¬ ren, that it does not say ‘rnone}";’ it is love of it—I wish I had more mone}" myself. ” Mr. Morehouse Avill introduce the next speaker. Dr. Morehouse: Eev. Supply Chase, of Michigan. I began my min¬ istry in 1864, in East Saginaw, Michigan, as a missionary of the Amer¬ ican Baptist Home Mission Society. AVe worshipped in a little hall that accommodated about 100 people, seated with common chairs, and no carj^et on the floor. As the floors were uncarpeted, the people coming in made considerable noise. At my ordination, our Brother Chase was present. I shall never forget a part of his charge to the congTegation. I think it would be a good one to give to congregations gathering now. I have forgotten all but one sentence, it was this: “Brethren, be in time; don’t come thundering in half an hour late.” (Laughter.) Bev. Supply Chase, Michigan: Mr. President and Brethren: I think, sir, perhaps I may go back a little. I am afraid of that gavel. The first commission I received—I am going to talk about missionary life, these brethren haven’t any of them been in the mill, I guess, as I have— I received in February, 1836, forty-six years ago last February, signed by Brother Luther Crawford, of blessed memory. I am the sole sur¬ vivor, I suppose, of the sixteen men commissioned by this Society in the third year of its existence, or rather the commencement of the fourth. I stand here to-day as their rei^resentative. It is said of Napoleon’s Old Guard, after coming out of a battle where they had been decimated, that when the roll was called, the name of every soldier was kept on the roll and the survivors answered 200 FinriETH ANNIVEliSAKY. for him; tlie answer was: “Dead on the field! ” I answer for those fifteen men to-day: “ Dead on the field ! ” They died as Christian soldiers die. They fought their good fight, they kept the faith, they received their crown of glory, I ap 2 )rehend, at the hands of our Lord Jesus Christ. No^v, sir, for a little pioneer missionary life. Michigan was then a territory—I must confine 1113' remarks to her—and the immigTants were the production of New York and New England, with a sprinkling of Jerse^mien and some Pennsylvanians. A better class never peo¬ pled a new country. I don’t believe that on the face of the eaidli there was ever such a companj" of men and Avomen that settled a new" land. They were the veiy cream of New* YMrk, men that couldn’t be bound up here; men that wanted to sj^read themselves. Y^our Secretary here Avould not have been half so large a man as he is to-daj'if itAvere not that he had been to Michigan. AYhen I first saAV him there the frontier had got over into the SaginaAv BaA", or the SaginaAv Biver, .and he didn’t look as though he Avas going to make much; but we found him there as he said, in a building that Avas gotten up for a wagon shop, I should think, and 3'ou knoAV Avhat he said about its furniture. It stood right over one of the ba^^ous of the SaginaAv Biver, Avhere he could get the good salubrious breezes, and 3"ou see A\diat he has groAvn to (laughter). He is a man among men noAV. He has taken the libert}" to introduce me; I Avill introduce him. (Laughter and applause.) That Avas pioneer life. The missionar3^’s life at that time in Michigan AA"as among the pioneers; the3" had gone into the Avilderness Avhen the land had to be subdued and reduced, and the first business of a man Avas to get up a little cabin in the Avilderness someAAdiere to shield his Avife and babies—for those men all had babies; and the missionaries Avere a good deal so (laughter)—I A\"on’t get through in ten minutes. The President: Five minutes. No, sir; 3"ou promised me ten. The3" Avent there to make money, to get great farms. xV good man3’ of them had been converted, and a good man3" of them had not, and the3" all Avanted the land that lay around. AVe had to folloAV them AAdiere theA" Avent, and had to fare as the3" fared. TheA' had carried a little mone3" Avith them, and I had the promise from this Society—1113' commission stated this—that I Avas commissioned for one 3’ear to preach the Gospel in Pontiac and the region roundaliout, at a salaiT of one hundred dollars, that is all; and b3' the region roundabout I suppose 3'ou meant to take in all the land that I could cultivate, or thought I could. As niA' Brother Clement PROCEEDINGS-THE RETROSPECT. 201 says, three times a day, preaching in tliree different places, was the custom with us. The first thing, I said, was the cabin ; the second thing was ordi¬ narily a log school-house ; for these men that went from New York and New England carried the school-house with them for their chil¬ dren. These were the only places of gathering that we had, except¬ ing where they had barns and dwelling-houses which they would throw open to us, and which was a common thing. I preached a great many times, weeks at a stretch, in dwelling-houses. At one place I held a protracted meeting for three weeks in a whisky-tavern, fighting the demon right in his cave, and God gave us the victory. The keeper promised to shut down his bar while I was preaching ; that was all I could get^ out of him ; but the Lord saved his wife. And so the work went on. You see it wasn’t much of a place for reading sermons. (Laughter.) The ordinary proclamation for a meeting was like this : “ There will be preaching at such a school- house at early candle-light, and be sure to fetch a candle.” Some¬ times we got one, and sometimes three or four, and we got enough light out of them to make darkness visible, but not enough to read a sermon by. (Laughter.) A man couldn’t stop long enough to hear a sermon read. We had to take men on the wing, as the duck- hunters do up on the lake shore. They hadn’t much time to spend in listening to such sermons. They didn’t like them ; they had heard those kind down here. (Laughter and applause.) Now, sir, I want to say one thing more, and that is just this : I have not heard a word of our sisters—the wives of these men. There was as glorious a company of women that stood side by side with those men as you could find anywhere—(applause)—women that knew how to keep house, women that knew how to live on a little, how to cut their garment according to the cloth they had ; and one of .them that I knew, when her husband needed a new coat (we hadn’t any tailors around there), took the old coat of her husband apart, piece by piece, and cut the pattern by laying the old cloth on the new; and so she cut and worked, and ripped and sewed, until she got a new coat for her husband. I say they were the grandest workers in the salvation of men that we had in the State of Michi¬ gan. (Applause.) The President We will now have the pleasure of hearing Rev. Dr. Pharcellus Church, whom many of you will recognize as the former editor of the Ghr'onicle of this city. 202 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. ]Mr. President: I don’t rise to make a speech, because the ground has been occupied. Ever since I came into your meeting, the day before yesterday, I have been waiting to have these facts brought forward which liave been rehearsed by Brother Marble and Brother Hague. I have the happiness of knowing the primary steps that were taken for the organization of this body, and at the suggestion of Dr. Going, I visited New Orleans as a missionaiy from this body in 1834, in order to see what could be done with a wealthv old bachelor there who desired to do something to build uj) a church. But he proved to be past hope —he had got too crochety to do anything with him ; and though I believe he was expected to leave $300,000 or $400,000 to benevolent institutions, he never left a cent. As these topics have been dwelt upon, I want to say two things merel}'. The one is, that tlie Baptist denomination owes its existence as an organic unit}" to the facts that have been rehearsed this morning. Dr. AVayland, in his history of Mr. Judson, says, at the time that Luther Rice landed in New York, they didn’t know where to look. The Baptist denomination had no centre, no organism, and the churches in one part of the country didn’t know what the churches in the. other portions of the country were doing, and there was no organic unity among them. And see what we now behold, and what are the results! This Society, the Foreign Missionary Societies, our Educational Societies, and the vast increase of the denomination ! It has become a unit in power. And one other thing I Avant to say, and that is that Ave are not alone in this held. We are aiming to Christianize these immigTants that are coming in from all parts of the earth ; to Christianize them, to Americanize them, and to baptize them if Ave can ; but there are other great Societies that are going into the same held, to Christianize and Americanize them. I allude to the Presbyterian organization, _ • the Congregationalists, the Episcopalians, and the Methodists, with their Home ^Mission Societies, avIio are making great efforts in the West ; so that Ave go as a single branch of a great army; and I thank God that lie is using all these means—that Ave have these various organizations. The congregation united in singing a hvmn. O O O O c The President: You Avill noAv have the pleasure of listening to Rev. Leaiuel Moss, D. D., of Indiana, on the “ Results of Home 'Mis¬ sion Work for EiftA' Years.” PROCEEDINGS-RESULTS OF HOME MISSION WORK. 203 RESULTS OF HOME MISSION AYORK. Mr. President: I find myself suffering tins morning from a very severe cold. The sudden change of climate from the free and un¬ changeable West to the stilling air of the city has been a little too much for me. I hardly know why I am called upon to speak at this point with lefeience to this ^^^'I’t of the programme j and vet I have a little claim, jDerchance, to this honor. It was my privilege to suc¬ ceed the honored Going in the pastorate at Worcester. I had the honor of being the class-mate of the present Secretarv in colleo-e and so I stand between them, and lay my hand uj^on them both. This Society began, we are told, with Hr. Going, and it has been going” ever since, until to-day its cry is “ more house,” and more everything, in this great work. I shall not dwell upon the statistics which have been spread before you by the Secretary, and by other speakers upon this platform. You have all the figures—the number of missionaries, the number of visits, the number of baptisms, and the number of churches_^and the Baptists are so good at multiplying and dividing that I need not dwell upon the figures. There are three things, three general thoughts, that are in my mind this morning as connected with the results of the work of this Society during the past fifty years. And the first is this ; This Society has assisted in demonstrating the brotherhood of the Baptist body. The movement began in the interest that those who were living at the hearth-stone felt for those that had wandered forth into the wilder¬ ness and distant places. The work began in thoughts of love and of interest for those that had gone to take possession of the inheritance of this great people ; and as you watch the earliest movements of the first missionaries from New York and Noav England, as thev went forth, you see it was love, it was thoughtfulness, it was care for those that, in the midst of peril and privation, were standing for Christ. And when sometimes, in our feelings of loneliness, in our thoughts of devotion, in the questionings of our hearts in our Western homes, we wonder whether our brethren think of us, whether, after all, with the simplicity of our organization, and the absence of ecclesiastical pomp and form and power, our brethren are thinking of us; this Society, with its increasing facilities, with its multiplying agencies, with its numer¬ ous mouthpieces everywhere, demonstrates before us the spiritual oneness of this growing brotherhood. And so they are uniting us, ^nd so they are cementing us, and so they are making us feel the one- 204 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. ness of our spirit, and the oneness of our energy and of our power. I honor this Society, I love it, liecause it has done so much to make us not only one, but to make us feel our oneness, and so impress upon us, and demonstrate before us, the brotherhood—the loving, the sympathetic, unforgetting brotherhood of this great Baptist body. Another thing this Society has done during these fifty years, of which their statistics are but the syiid^ols. It has shown to us that the spiritual interests of our 2 )eople are their dominant interests. Some things have been settled by the preaching of the Gospel, all over this country, during these fifty ^xars ; and among the things so settled is this, that man has a heart, that he is by his very nature a child of God, and that the incoming of the Gospel and the quicken¬ ing of the Holy Spirit lead him to recognize and embrace and re¬ joice in this wondrous truth, brought out, made practical, and made effective in Jesus Christ. We sometimes think, and with reason, that men’s material interests—that their worldly ambition, that the l)rojects and enterprises that engross their thought, all through the week, are the things that control them, that dominate them ; but, week by week, as the heralds of the Cross, as the missionaries of this body on the frontier, in pla(5es of sparse pojnilation, bring the truth of the Gospel, commending themselves to every man’s con¬ science in the sight of God, they demonstrate before us, year after 3 ^ear, this precious truth, that, after all, that which is deepest, most central, most vital, most effective, and most controlling in the human heart, is the relationship to God. It is a sign of encouragement; it is a proof of our origin ; it is something that has to do Avith our destiii}^, that, after all, if 3 'ou can sink the artesian well into the hearts of men, and find there, through the illumination of the vSpirit of God, and the quickening grace of His truth, this living water, 3 'ou find that which controls, which dominates, and which guides ; and this Society has done it, and does it for eveiw man that stands and looks out upon our life, Avith all its feverishness, and Avith all its strife. It is a matter of great comfort and encouragement to knoAV that, in the presence of a free Gospel, with the constant and persistent declaration of the truth as it is in Jesus, Ave can say, after all, that Avhich must be said, that this Society has demonstrated for us the great and encouraging truth that men’s spiritual interests and rela¬ tionships are dominant. There is a third thought closel}" connected Avith this. This Home Mission Societ}^ has assisted also in demonstrating the great truth, that the Gospel of Jesus Christ is the solvent for all our national PROCEEDINGS-RESULTS OF HOME MISSION WORK. 205 perils and difficulties. Believe me, this great experiment of liberty in this magnificent land of ours, larger than the Roman Empire in its widest extent—this magnificent experiment for freedom here will never be permanently hindered or interfered with by any policy of repression, or any edict that says to any of the world’s inhabitants: “Hands off!” (A23plause.) You can build an orrery by taking wooden balls and jiiercing them with iron rods, regulating their dis¬ tances and relations to each other, and call it a wooden symbol of your solar system ; but you can never build a solar system itself in that way. God’s universe is constructed b}^ the energy of the forces lodged in the hearts of the suns and the jilanets, and they constitute this marvel before us ; and a free j^eople will never be constituted or held together by any iron band. They must be held together by something that is jiowerful enough to assimilate and purify and ele¬ vate and unify all those discordant elements that may come within its range. And believe me, the sun of our Rejiublic will set for ever¬ more when it is demonstrated that the Gospel of Jesus Christ has not power enough to jiurify the hearts of men and hold them together in loving relationship. (Applause.) You have before you here some of the national rays that enter into the j^rismatic glory of our national liffi; and that which is to synthetize these, Avhich is to blend them together, and make the white light of a perfect freedom, is the Gosjiel of Jesus Christ. And so I thank God for the work of this Society, because it has demonstrated before us in fifty years of its history its ability to do this. Every missionary of this Society has been an ajDostle of freedom; every jireapher of this Society has been a sjiiritual agent of our great Government, carrying everywhere thoughts of civil freedom, of intellectual culture, sjninging out of a conscious relationship to God, and the presence of a noble energy and religious jiower. And so I do thank God and take courage— feeling the current of this multitudinous immigration all about us, with all the perils and evils that are jiresent—I do thank God for what has been demonstrated in fifty years of the history of this Society, that here is the solvent and here is the hojie of our Rejiublic and our national life. The Cross of Jesus Christ is the conservative clement in our literature (apjilause), and it is the conservative ele¬ ment in our politics, in our religious life. I don’t undervalue gov¬ ernment, I have no disiiaraging word to say of our legislators, national. State, or municijial; but I do say, in the light of the jiroof of the 2 ^ast fifty years of the history of this Society, that after all, the agency by which our land is to be consolidated and unified and lifted 206 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. up and made the herald of peace to the world, and the example of power to the ends of the earth, is in the simple story of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, as it is read from an open Bible and as it is uttered by a mother’s lips. (Great applause.) The President : Our next exercises will be addresses by represen¬ tatives of nine nationalities and peojdes, among whom the Society has wrought. Dr. Morehouse is personally acquainted with each of these, and I will ask him to introduce them. Dr. Morehouse : I am happy to introduce to you first, Eev. G. A. Schulte, pastor of the First German Baptist Church of New York, and Secretarv of the East German Conference. The church of which t/ he is pastor has been fostered by the Home Mission Society, and of which you may hear presently. BEPEESEXTATBHkS OF NxVTIONALITIES. ]Mr. President and Brethren of the Society ; I consider it a great privilege to speak in behalf of that class of our foreign popula¬ tion coming from the German Fatherland. I can say that I am most proud of being a representative of the millions of Germans who have made this countiw their home, and who in spite of all their follies and un-American customs and habits, have done so much for the material welfare of this country, (xipplause.) But I am exceedingly CT’ateful that I can count mvself in that number of mv countrvmen O •. •/ V who have inscribed upon their banner that glorious inscri 2 :>tion,. “ One Ijord, one faith, one baptism.” (Applause.) At the time of my conversion, I was urged to join an English-speaking church, because at that time I could speak a little English, and to-day, Mr. President, I am glad that I did not yield to the temjitation, if temp¬ tation it may be called, and that I am a representative and can a 2 q:>ear before you as one of the German Baj^tists of this country. In 1845, a young German from Switzerland arrived in the City of New York. He jU’ofessed conversion in his old home at a very early age. He was a 3 ’oung man of extraordinaiy gifts and talents, and self-sacrificing labor in the cause he 2 )rofessed to love. Bev. Mr. Somners, jiastor of the South Baptist Church in this city, made the acquaintance of this young man and baj^tized him, on the jnofession of his faith, by immersion, and ^n’ocured for him from the Board of the Home iMission Society an aj^joointnient to labor among the Ger¬ mans in this city. His labors were not in vain. The next year a little church was organized with twelve members, with the name of PROCEEDINGS—REPRESENTATIVES OF NATIONALITIES. 207 the First German Baptist Church of New York City. This was the first German missionary appointed hy the Society; and his labors, and the labors of that church, were not in vain. I am hai^j^y to state, Mr. President, that this church is in existence to-day, and that it is doing an efficient work, and trying to pay back eveiy cent of the money that ever came out of the Treasury of this Society for its support. And I think that some years ago every cent of money expended on this field was paid back into the Societ}^ (Applause.) This church is paying annually an average of one hundred dollars to the Home Mission Society, as will be shown by the reports and statistics, and is paying yearly about one hundred dollars for the support of German missionaries and education of German mission¬ aries to go to the Far West. This church, the first German church supported by the Home Mission Society, has given to our work ten German missionaries, and Avith two or three exceptions they are all active men, and stand in the fold laboring for the cause of Christ, laboring for the same object you, my brethren, are laboring for. Men like our Brother Gubelmann, whom you heard 3 "esterday, men like Brother Haselhuhn, editor of our German papers, men that command the respect of our American friends, have gone out of the First German Church of the Plome Mission Society, and are doing good Avork for Christ. And noAV tell me that the money does not pay that is expended for German missionary churches in the East or in the West! NeAV York, although Philadelphia Avas the first to establish a German church, became the centre of power for our work among the Germans, being the gate for the many thousands of immigrants that come into this country. Soon other churches Avere organized, and Ave look back to-day and count over one hundred and forty churches, Avith a membership of nearly twelve thousand. You may consider the growth of our work among the Germans not very rapid, if you look merely at the numbers, but every one familiar Avith this AVork will con¬ sider it a very successful one AAdien he takes into account the difficul¬ ties Ave have had to encounter ; and I hope that there are very few men in this audience Avdio have no idea of the difficulties Ave have to encounter. We have to fight Avith infidelity, Avith positive, down¬ right materialism. We liaAn to fight Avitli those Avho adopt the terri¬ ble Avatchword, “ There is no God.” Dr. Morehouse : I expected, up to this point, to have the pleasure of introducing to the Society, Bev. J. A. Edgren, aaFo is engaged in the erection of a new building for the Scandinavian department in 208 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. the Theological Seminary of Chicago. As he is not present, I ^vill introduce our brother, Eev. O. Lindii, the pastor of the Scandinavian Church in this city, who came to this church about a 3 "ear ago, when it had a membership of sixty, and Avhich to-day has increased to more than one hundred and eighty. Key. O. Lindh: ]\Ir. President: I have been sitting here now two days, and have listened with great interest to the different speakers for dif¬ ferent States, and I have come to a certain conclusion, that nearly every one has tried to get or put as much fire in his address as possible; and now when an opportunity is given to me to speak a little in regard and in behalf of the mission work among the Scandinavians, I will not let it 2 :)ass me by. I am sorry that I am not prepared, because I have been waiting for Brother EdgTen from Chicago nearly to this minute ; so I can hardly say anything of interest. I will only try to give you a little history of the work among the Scandinavians, espe¬ cially among the Swedes. In 1853, the first Swedish Baptist Church in this country, and I can say the first Swedish Baptist Church in the whole world, was organ¬ ized in Bock Island, Illinois, and supported partly by the American Baptist Home Mission Society. Then, the membership was about eight or ten; and to-day there are one huncBed and twenty Swedish Bajitist churches in this countiy, with about six thousand five hundred members. (Applause.) I came to this country in 1860. Then there were two Baptist churches in Illinois, three in Iowa, and about four or five in Minnesota. To day we have eight in Illinois, twelve or fifteen in Iowa, thirty-one Swedish in Minnesota, four Norwegian, and five Danes. At that time there was no Swedish Baptist Church in Kan¬ sas, none in Nebraska, none in Dakota Territory, and none anywdiere else ; but now we have about twelve or fifteen in Kansas, about ten or twelve in Nebraska, about half a dozen in Dakota Territor}', and we have five or six in Michigan, one in New AMrk City, one in Worces¬ ter, one in Boston, and one in Providence, Bhode Island, one in Brooklvn, latelv organized, of about one hundred and tw^entv-five members, and one in Bridgeport, Connecticut, organized less than three months ago. I should like to say, if you will give me another moment, that a week ago last IMonday there landed in Castle Garden two thousand Swedes, and two days after, on AVednesday afternoon, four hundred and fifty; and about a third of these were Baptists, and every one belonged to the Good Templars’ Society in S’sveden. (Ap¬ plause.) They were going directly to form a colony in Dawson County, Nebraska, and next July w'e are exi^ecting that three or four PROCEEDINGS-REPRESENTATIVES OF NATIONALITIES. 209 liaiiclrecl more Good Templars will go to the same place. And now, dear brethren and sisters, I can only cry, Come and help us ; ” we have the doors open, and the heart is open, and we cannot do any¬ thing without preachers and missions. (iVpplause). Dr. Morehouse: Dev. E. S. Smith, of ‘Wisconsin, who was to repre¬ sent the Norwegians, and Dev. N. P. Jensen, of Chicago, who was to represent the Danes, are not present. I have the pleasure of introducing to you now, Dev. A. L. Therrien, of Quebec, Canada, who represents our French work. Dev. a. L. Therrien : Mr. President : Only five minutes for a Frenchman ! It is pretty hard. When, in 1836, the heroic, the drifted, and the deA^oted jMadam Feller, of Switzerland, reached the Dichelieu Diver, and there knelt on the Avet sand and in the falling rain, and implored God’s blessing upon benighted Canada, and brought the Gospel of Jesus Christ, there was not at the time one French Protestant Canadian in the Avhole Dominion of Canada, and I cpiestion if there Avas one in the American Union ; and to-day, as the representative of that French Canadian nationality in this assembly, it is my exquisite pleasure to bring to you, brethren, the Christian and fraternal greeting and salu¬ tation of over thirty-five thousand French Protestant Canadians. (Applause.) When this same woman began her work at Grande Ligne, teaching young children to read, the ignorance and the super¬ stition lying as a pall upon the proAunce of Quebec was indeed apjialling, Avitli hardly any educational advantages, and no Gospel and no Bible knoAvledge ; and consequently there Avas very little spiritual or temporal prbsjieritAL Noav there are in the field, both in Canada and Noav England, no less than eighty missionaries preaching the Gospel of Jesus Christ in my OAvn language ; and there have been formed since the beginning of this work, in the year 1836, no less than forty churches ; one hundred preaching mission stations have been opened ; and among the fiA^e thousand young people who, in the institute at Grande Ligne, and other similar institutions, liaA^e received an education, partly or Avdiolly, there are a large proportion aaJio to-day are occupying responsible, and some of them eminent positions, as ministers of the Gospel, as laAvyers, as jii’ofessors, as journalists, as physicians, and as teachers. And now, AAdiat has brought about this great change ? Such noble and self-denying efforts as are put forth by 3 "our missionaries in New England, working among the French ; and such noble and self- 210 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. sacrificing acts of devotion and sympathy as this Society has shown our Grande Li^ne ^Mission, when, in the year 1848, the year in which I was born, vou came to the rescue—when you were a weaker Soci- etv than now—and takiim- her in your embrace, in your lovin" and sym 2 :>athetic arms, and carrying her over a financial slough of despond, you set her again ujion her feet in a smooth road bed, and bade her God-speed in her God-appointed work. I rejoice in the opportunity to express to you our love and our gratitude for what you have done and what you are doing for our people. But when French Canadians are pouring into this Union b}^ thousands annually, with this inscrip¬ tion upon their banner, “ Nofre religion, noire langue, noire insiiiu- iions ”—“ Our religion, our language, our institutions ”—you will see they do not come with the intention of becoming American citizens, much less Protestants ; but I say they must be hard to digest if the American people don’t assimilate them. They may, however, become American citizens, and they do become so, without becoming Protes¬ tant ; and it seems to me, Mr. President, that the political interest of this country, as well as the prosperity of Zion, demands that an effort be put forth to Christianize and evangelize this people ; and I rejoice to know that this Society is doing such a good work among my peo¬ ple in this countiy. (Applause). Dr. Morehouse : The next speaker is the representative of a jieojile among whom the Society wrought from 18G5 to 1874, and among whom the Society is just now resuming the work, and proposes to do more in the future. I have the pleasure of introducing Bev. Pablo Rodriguez, recently from Mexico, a student in the Southern Theo¬ logical Seminary. Rev. Pablo Rodriquez : My Christian Friends and Brethren : I appear before you at the request of your Secretary, Rev. Dr. !More- house. I must ask you to give me a patient and an attentive hear¬ ing, because I am only a beginner in the use of the English language. I shall speak as distinctly as possible, so I trust you may be able to understand me. A few months ago I could speak no English, but by the great kindness of the professors and students of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, I have made very good progress in the study of the language. They have helped me by talking or read¬ ing with me one or two hours every da}'. However, I would not con¬ sent to speak before so great and intelligent a body if my feelings, my heart, did not compel me. I come to speak for my peojile who need the light of the Gospel. , PROCEEDINGS-REPRESENTATIVES OF NATIONALITIES. 211 Some of 3 t:)u, if not all, know of the Baptist missionaries who are preaching' the Gospel in IMexico. They are Brother T. M. Westrup, Brother W. M. Flournoy, and Brother Quirino Montez. Brother Westrup, who is appointed your Society, has under his charge the foiu' churches in the Nuevo Leon State. The first and central one of these four churches is the one at Monterey, the capital of the State;, second, the Montemorelos church, seventy-five miles toward the south from jMonterey; third, the Los Ebanos church, about one hun¬ dred and fifty miles toward the southeast from the capital; fourth, the Santa Rosa church, distant from the first about fifteen miles north¬ east. He visits each of these once every month. Brother Westrup is much loved by the people. He is a wise, good man, and well-edu¬ cated in the Bible, and is, therefore, able to teach the people. I see, since 1 have been in the Seminary at Louisville, that Brother West¬ rup explains the Bible and lectures very much like the professors do. He understands French and Greek, and is studying Hebrew, and, though an Englishman by birth and raising, he can instruct me in the Spanish, my native language. I call him a good missionary, full of love, patience, and humility. Brother Flournoy is the missionary appointed by the Southern Baptist Convention. He attends to the Coahuila State churches, which are, first, the Villa del Progreso church; second, the Juarez church, about twenty-two miles north from the first; third, Musquiz church, sixty-five miles westward from the first. He also visits these once every month. He is highly spoken of by the people. I do not know him so well as I know Brother Westrup. Brother Montez is appointed by this Society to help Brother West¬ rup in his work. He is one of the natives, and does much good. He is not educated like Brother Westrup, but he has the truth in his heart, and loves to work for the Master. I have now given you an idea of the Baptist missionaries and their work. The number is too* small, the laborers too few for the great work to be done in Mexico.. Let us pray the Lord of the harvest to send more laborers. Let me speak briefly about the needs of the churches. Our churches in Mexico are in great need of houses for worship. We must have more of these in order that we may be able to carry on ])reaching at different places. We need Sunday-schools, too, very much. Here the Bible can be taught to the people. The people now are ready for the Bible. They want relief from the oppressions and impositions of Rome. 'iJiey want the Bible. They say the priest is corrupt, and they wish the priest no longer. I know this is 212 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. true. All classes feel it. The ignorant and educated, the lawyers and other professional men want a change. So we must have Bibles and tracts, and books for the jieople to read. Then they can see the beauty and purity of the true religion. Mexico, my brethren, is now like the jdowed fields Avaiting for the seed, and it seems like the great God of our salvation is ready to Avater the ground if Ave aauII sow the seed. Then, Christian friends, let ns go forward and possess the land for the Master. The su^^erstitious Catholics begin to see that there is not purity and piety in the priests, and they wish to confess to the true j^riest—Jesus Christ, the great high priest of the Chris¬ tians. The great thing is to give them the Bible. By doing this we aauII give them the light AAdiich Avill chase aAvay the darkness of night and bring them from under the dreary shadoAV of Borne ; for David says, “the entrance of Th}" AA^ords giveth light.” TheiiAve must have more men to teach the people. The man of Macedonia conies to Paul in a vision bA" night. He savs to Paul, “ Come over into Macedonia and help us.” And straightAvay Paul sought to go to them. I hear the sad and anxious ciy of my people, “ Come over into Mexico and help us.” Noaa^, Avill Ave be like Paul ? Then go straightAvay and help the needy. Go AAdiile the sound rings in your ears, give them the news, teach them about Jesus, give them the message of life and salvation. I could speak much to you about this—my people need your help, and my heart is sore for them. Let the thirsty have the living Avater, and the liungiy the bread of life. (Applause.) I sjieak a Avord in addition and close. I Avish to thank this Society in behalf of the Gospel churches in Mexico for all your benefits to them, for preachers you have sent them, and the other help you have bestowed. May God’s rich grace and blessing reward your kindness. May the lielj) you give be like the AAudoAv’s oil, like the mustard seed, like the fishes and loaA^es that fed the multitude ; and it shall be so, for God says concerning His truth, “ It shall not return unto me void, but it shall accomplish that Avhich I please, and it shaU prosper in the thing AAdiereto I sent it.” (Great applause.) Dr. Morehouse : I liaA^e tlie pleasure noAV of introducing our brother, and a former missionary of this Society in Oakland, Cali¬ fornia, Chu A"oav, and I avlU ask Brother Abbott, of Avhose church he was a member, to say just a word of introduction. Dr. Abbott: I Avish to say that the i)apers this morning have mis¬ represented me as to the point of my OAA’n conviction; and I wish to PROCEEDINGS-REPRESENTATIVES OF NATIONALITIES. 213 say that I have never said in your hearing that I am opposed to Chinese immigration as a whole—only to the helot immigration. With respect to my brother, a better brother and truer Christian and more faithful seiwant to the Lord Jesus Christ, to the extent of his ability, I have never known. I take great pleasure in seconding the first introduction of our brother in Christ, Chu Yow. Chu Yow^ then made a few remarks concerning his missionary work in Oakland, California. No report was obtained. Dr. Morehouse; I have the pleasure of stating that we shall be favored with a Chinese rendering of the hymn “ Happy Day,’ by Brother Chu Yow and Brother Hock Ling. Dr. Thomas: Mr. President: before you go on, just let me say. Brother Hock Ling is the superintendent of our Chinese School of about forty members, in Brooklyn, and Brother Chu Yow is from Oakland; and Brother Abbott and myself shake hands in Christian fellowship. “ Happy Day” was sung ; after which Hock Ling sang alone, ‘‘ The Home Over There.” The singing was greatly applauded. Dr. Morehouse: I have the pleasure now of introducing Wal-le-lu, whose English name is Nathaniel Potts, an Indian student in the Indian school at Tahlequah, Indian Territory. Wal-le-lu: Brethren of the Home Ylission Society: It is with much diffidence that I appear before you. I have never, till now, been beyond the limits of the Indian Territory, nor been permitted to mingle with white men, excepting the very few who dwell among my people. Seeing now, and realizing more fully the benefits of vour civilization, makes me the more grateful for an opportunity of speaking a few words for my people. (Applause.) I have learned somewhat of the great work which your Society is doing in the country; that through its agency churches are built up, pastors and missionaries are sustained, and in various parts of the counii^ schools for the training of preachers and Christian teachers are aided; and it all seems to me a grand work, for it tends to elevate and Christianize the people, and thus extend the cause of Christ. It shows me that you are putting forth large endeavors to secure what you express in your motto, “ North America for Christ, and that you are endeavoring to make these words true words. But it seems to me when you say “ North America for Christ, that means the Indian, too. I am glad that you are doing so much for the Freed- 214 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. iiieH, the Chinese, the Germans, and tlie people of all nationalities as 'they settle in the country. I am "lad that you endeavor to follow « c C.7 % them so readily and S 2 :)eedih' to their Southern and Western homes, with the missionary and the Bible. But there are my people, the original inhabitants of this land, how have they been driven, with no secure abiding place,- rather than followed with the missionary and the Bible! It is for them now, so long a time after their contact with the whites, that I speak; for them, many thousands of whom are still un¬ civilized and counted savages, so long a time after the door was open for the white men to give them schools and churches and a Christian civilization. What grand achievements have been wrought in the world, and by the American j^eoj^le, since Christianity and European civilization were first brought to these shores. Great strides have been made in all material j)rogress, and the work of civilization is now going on in almost every land under the sun. Yet, the Indians, who have always inhabited this land in common with you, are still counted savages, and with some, even at this late day, the (question of their ultimate civilization is still a doubtful one. They are a people that know their rights, and have always dared to maintain them so far as they have been able. (Applause.) They are not destined to a final extermination so long as the bright sun shines upon this broad continent of ours. (Applause.) But where they have a fixed and unmolested habitation they are increasing in num¬ bers, as though it was their settled purpose not conveniently to die out and thus rid the American people of their responsibilities regarding them. (Applause.) And could the various tribes that have been removed from place to place, in different parts of the country, be induced to make, of their own accord, their permanent abode in this Indian Territoiy, it would be the best thing that could be done for them. The necessary inducements, the cost of their removal and their care, would be less hostile and less expensive business for the Gorvernment, and they Avould be brought into closer contact with the more civilized tribes, and more immediately under the influence of the missionary and educational work that is carried on in that territory. « 4 You would find them gradually laying aside their blankets and en¬ gaging in labor and adopting the habits of civilized life. This would be a long stejo toward the settlement of the Indian question, and would help to a realization of what some of my peojile are thinking about, who look forward to the day when the}' shall become an Imban State in this great I\e 2 mbhc. (Loud apjilause.) PROCEEDINGS-REPRESENTATIVES OF NATIONALITIES. 215 But you are concerned with missionary and educational work. Can it be made to pay among the Indians ? Are there sufficient inducements for the continuance and enlargement of such work ? The work already accomplished and a statement of our needs will answer these questions. It has been only about sixty years since missionaries com¬ menced laboring among the Cherokees. Now, among this people, and other tribes settled in the Indian Territory, there are about a 100 Baptist Churches, with a membership of nearly 6,000. Among the Cherokees there are 19 Baptist Churches with 1,550 members, and 26 Sunda^'-schools with 1,050 members. This is exclusive of what has been accomplished by other denominations. Among the Cherokees alone there are two seminaries, an oiqihan asylum and over 100 primary schools, aU supported by their own public funds. The people have their stores, their shops, their mills, their farms, are get¬ ting for themselves comfortable homes, and are peaceful^ and hap¬ pily engaged in their various occupations. All this has lieen biTiught about as the result of missionary labor among them. Do you not find in this sufficient inducement for the Government and a Christian people to abandon the idea of ultimate extermination, but rather at the expense of money and toil, to endeavor to share with the Indians the blessings of 3 "Our Christian civilization ? A statement of our needs will indicate the necessity for an enlargement, particularly of the educational work, among our people. The membership of the Baptist Churches in the terri¬ tory is composed more largety than that of any other denomina¬ tion of the full blood element of the population, and that in many respects is the best element. (Laughter and applause.) But with them the English language is less understood, they have had less advantage, are possessed of the least means for helping themselves. All the native preachers among the Cherokees preach only in their native language, and it is largely so among other tribes. They have in their language only portions of the Bible and a hymn-book, no books to help them to an education or to a better understanding of the Scriptures. How then shall these native preachers and Christian teachers be better trained for a more effec¬ tive work ? Give them the English language, and you open to them the source of knowledge. But with our native preachers still un¬ educated, and sj^eaking only their native language, and only here and there a Christian teacher, who shah be the ones to hold the ris¬ ing generation, as it advances in knowledge in the midst of so many .skeptical influences, to the Baptist denomination and the religion of 216 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. Christ ? Who shall diffuse through these schools, the centres ot in¬ ti uence, the spirit of Christianity among the people, that shall help to mold the highest civilization and to extend it among other tribes ? It was these considerations that led to the establishment of our Indian University, whose primary object is the training of native teachers and preachers for a more efifective Christian work among the Indian tribes. Prof. Bacone left his charge of the Cherokee iMale Seminary, where I was attending, and commenced this work with three pupils. Last year the number was increased to ffft 3 '-six. During the present year there have been in attendance sixty-eight, four of whom are preparing for the ministry, and a large number have signified their intention to teach. Three native preachers, a Choctaw, a Cherokee and a Delaware, who have studied at the University, are now at work among their people. Some of the students now engaged in teaching, are also conducting Sabbath- schools. Thus the University is beginning to accomplish the pur- ])oses for which it was established. But in order to extend this work, it is necessary that worthy young men and women, members of our Baptist Churches, who would gladly fit themselves for spheres of usefulness, should be sought out, and that means be furnished them for prosecuting their studies. Prof. Bacone, personally, and by the lielj) of friends, has done much in this direction. But I know that he greatly need means to assist in this and in defraying the expenses of the school. We also need more room. Our present quarters are en¬ tirely too small for the number we have in attendance. Our largest school-room is about seventeen feet squ 4 re,the other is about two-thirds as large. But through the action of the Creek Council at its last session, a good site has been secured for our University at a central point near the railroad, where a large farm can be laid out, and thus by o})ening an Industrial Department, an opportunity can be furnished to students for helping themselves. Means are needed for the erection of suitable buildings. Eight here is offered to the friends of the Indians an oppor¬ tunity for doing them a great and permanant good. If they will rally to the sui^port of the educational work now begun, they will prove themselves the benefactors of a people that have lived already too long, and right at your doors, without the beneffts of your civilization and Christianity. I feel deejffy on this subject, for I am an Indian. I know how Prof. Bacone has held on to his work amid discouragement, when it has seemed, at times, that PROCEEDINGS-REPRESENTATIVES OF NATIONALITIES. 217 lie must give up for want of support. I know how much my people want him in theii’ midst and desire the success of his undertaking. Three years ago I trust I gave my heart to the Saviour. I have felt it my duty to preach the Gospel to my people. But I need a pre¬ paration for the work. This I feel I am obtaining at our Indian University. I am now in the Freshman class. If this Christian school shall receive its needed support, I and others with me are hoping to become of great service to our people. But if it should fail us, for want of means, we know not where to turn for help for ourselves, our ministry, our Churches, and our homes; such help as only a Christian education can give. (Prolonged applause). Dr. H. L. Wayland : It seems to me that all the fire wdiich our friend has infused into us, and all the steam which has been raised, ought to be devoted to some useful purpose; and it seems to me that the hour ought not to pass by without an expression, on our part, of a very definite and decided character, in regard to the Indians and the Indian policy of the Government. I had the honor, on Wednesday evening, of laying before you a resolution touching this matter, but I desire to put it in a more definite form and have it brought more directly to the notice of Congress. I therefore, would beg permission to read an address to the President and Houses of Congress, which I should be very glad to have take the place of the one offered the other evening. I will read it. (See memorial, page 94.) I also move that these resolutions, duly signed by the officers of this Society, be transmitted to the President and to the Senate and House of Bepresentatives of the United States, and to the Secretary of the Interior; and I shall take the liberty of personally expressing the hoj^e to you, Mr. President, whatever details may be appropriate in transmitting this, that you will accompany it with a personal appeal to your friend and fellow-towuisman, my old com¬ mander, the Honorable Joseph B. Hawley, a Christian citizen, whose voice has alw^ays been raised in behalf of justice and in behalf of the Indians, and whose honored wife is the President of the Indian Treaty Keeping Association in Washington. The President: Unanimous consent has been granted and this will be substituted for the resolutions heretofore passed on this, subject. Dr. Morehouse : The next speaker represents one of the other races among Avhom the Society has wrought and been magnificently blessed of God in its work, Bev. J. O. Crosby, a graduate of Shaw 218 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. University, North Carolina, one of our best institutions, and now at the head of one of the State Normal Schools, at Salisbury, North Carolina. Eev. J. O. Crosby: ]\Ir. President and Brethren: Within the last nineteen years, the people to which I belong, and which I have the honor to represent on this occasion, have come into recognized being. Mr. Lincoln’s famous Emancipation Proclamation was the most dar¬ ing experiment ever tried by this or ain^ other free government. It has no parallel in liistory. At one master stroke of his pen the whole institution of Slavery fell, and like the Phoenix of old, four millions of freemen arose from its ashes. The Proclamation has now become a part of the organic law" of the country. The question of those days is irrevocably settled, but the great Negro Problem is only half solved, and it remains for Christian j^hilanthropy to complete the solution of the problem. The question is not, shall slavery be ex¬ tended into the territories; but, “ Shall we whose souls are lighted By wisdom from on high; Shall we to men benighted, The lamp of life deny?” Here is Ethopia already standing with extended arms, and a voice from Macedonia is crying, “ Come over and help us.” Look at the field, for it is wdiite already to harvest. This field is yours. God has given it you. Are not the indications of Divine Providence plain that the Baptists are to do much, very much, for the education and evangelization of this peculiar people ?—for they are j^eculiar in more respects than one. The very instincts of the Negro nature tend to- w ard our denomination, and for this very reason it can be plainly seen wdiy in so many of the States, as in North Carolina, the Baptists outnumber other denominations. The facts bear me out in savin" that no other denomination holds greater inlluence over the colored race. T am satisfied that it is the purpose of God to use this denomi¬ nation as one of the great instrumentalities by which He wdll bring many of this race from their present ignorance to an enlightened (diristianity. And can it be thought strange that the Negro himself looks to our church, as to no other, as the great power which w’ill lift him from the slough of the lowest degradation to the higher plain of an enlightened and Christian civilization. To give you an idea of the marvelous growth of the Colored Baptists of the United States, which number about 800,000, let PROCEEDINGS-REPRESENTATIVES OP NATIONALITIES. 219 me take North Carolina for an illustration. Seventeen years -ago there were only twenty regularly organized Colored Baptist Churches in the entire State ; now there are more than 800, with a memheishij) of ahove 90,000. At that time there wasn’t an educated colored Baptist preacher in the State, now there are a large number, nearly all of whom have been educated at our Home Mission Schools. (AjDplause.) AVe now have a State Convention, doing to some extent. Home and Foreign mission work. There are thirty- six associations, each trying to help on as best it can the work of the Master, but the field is large and the work only beo’un. The leaders, in nearly all of these, are from our Home Alission Schools. They are foremost in every good word and work. According to the best sources of information, I learn that, exclusive of that used in the erection of buildings, there has been expended by the Home Mission Society in North Carolina, in round numbers, $40,000. Now let us see what this amount has done for the South: 210 churches have been supplied with pastors, more than 500 district school teachers educated. Give fifty educated pupils to each and you have 25,000 children who have indirectly received aid. The ^^rincipals of two of the State Normal Schools are graduates of ShaAv University. Seven or eight of the principals of the largest graded schools in the State are from the same school. Besides these, there are a few private academies established and wholly conducted by grad¬ uates of the University. If I were to stop here I think you Avould feel satisfied, but the half has not been told you yet. Tavo of the young men educated at this same school conceived the idea of holding a Fair to exhibit the products and handiwork •of the Afiican race. This Fair, held under the auspices of the Colored Industrial Association, bids fair to rival, in very many respects, that of our Avhite felloAA'-citizens. I can noAv remem¬ ber five former students aaTio liaA^e been members of the State Senate, eleA^en of the House of Bepresentatives. These were not mere figureheads, as many of you may suppose, but men of influence even in a Democratic Legislature, Avhich, as a rule, is not very prodi¬ gal in its bestowal of good things upon the Negro race. I could name several very good laAvs noAvupon our statute books Avhich came from the hands of these colored laAv-makers, and Avhich do credit both to themselves and their race. One of these laAvs establishes the only Prohibition County in the Tar-Heel State. (Applause.) J^e- sides, some are clerks in the departments at AAashington, route agents, post-masters, magistrates, editors, merchants, etc. And, straime to 220 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. say, not one of all these, so far as I know, lias ever been charged Avith corrujition or malfeasance in office. (Apjilaiise). Count, if 3 'ou can, the influence Avhich your $40,000 has exerted over the great mass of ignorance at the South. Start at the head of the little stream and trace it in all its ramifications, and behold the little pail of water, which you poured out at Italeigh, stretches out before your enraptured vision in placid lakes and rolling rivers, making glad the hearts of all who may chance to drink of its living waters. Shaw University is the pride of every Jlajitist in North Caro¬ lina. Toward it all eves are turned, and each heart throbs with anxious hope for some indication of the close of that long night of darkness which has hovered like a diirk cloud over the pathway of the race for so many centuries. What lias been said of North Caro¬ lina is more or less true of every State throughout the Sunny South. Dear Northern Friends, don’t get tired yet! Your work is not in vain ; the curse of two and a half centuries can’t be re¬ moved in one or two decades. In conclusion, let me ask you to stand by our schools and church extension work. Sustain those who go forth to our Sunny South weeping, bearing precious seed, for they shall doubtless come again with rejoicing, bringing with them their sheaves. (Applause). The following Jubilee Hymn, written by Rev. D. H. Taylor, of Jamaica Plains, Mass., was then sung. JUBILEE HYMN. Tune: Missionary Chant. I. Great God, for this triumphant hour We lift to Thee our shout of praise, That Thou hast magnified Thy power. And granted us this day of days. II. From east to west the glory breaks, From ocean’s strand to sunset skies, Till every tent of darkness shakes, .‘\nd slumbering nations waking, rise. PROCEEDINGS—JUBILEE HYMN. 221 III. But Mighty God, arise, arise! Quicken anew Thy people’s powers; For ages past of longing cries, Unseal to-day the heavenly showers. IV. May this glad day of Jubilee Be but the dawn before the sun; Let men unborn, with wonder see The Lord complete His work begun. The benediction was pronounced by Eev. Dr. D. B. Cheney, of Illinois, and the Convention then adjourned until 2.30 P. M. 222 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. SEVENTH SESSION. Friday Afternoon, May 26th.. REPRESENTATIVE ADDRESSES. The exercises were commenced by the singing of the hymn “ Jesus, Lover of 1113' Soul.” Prayer was offered b\" Eev. Dr. D. G. Core}", after which the hymn “ Rock of Ages,” was sung. The President : We will now have the pleasure of listening to ad¬ dresses b}" representatives of different sections of our common countrv. I have the pleasure of introducing Rev. G. A. Nunnally, a representative of the Southern States. SOUTHERN STATES. Mr. President : Strange recollections press upon 1113" niemoiy and crowd upon mv mind, as I stand b}" birth, by life near the grave of the first President of this Societ}", Hon. Thomas Stocks, of Georgia; and with these recollections rushing upon m3" mind all bitter thoughts are gone, and nothing but the kindliest feelings stir my bosom. Not onl}" that, but as the subject before the Society is the recalling of reminiscences connected with persons who were attached to this organization, I am reminded at this time of the consjiicuous part that a woman pla3"ed in its earh" histoiy. Down in Georgia, there was a beautiful widow, who mourned the loss of her liege lord, and who was blessed with immense wealth. She was fascinating in her manners, accomplished and cultured ; and, strange to sa}", a man living in that same State, of ver}' peculiar propor¬ tions—he had undoubtedl}" the largest head of aiy man, I would like to sav in the United States, I will at least say, the largest head of any man in Georgia, and he had no other part of his bod}" in proportion, except his heart—fell in love with that beautiful widow, she recijno- cating his affections. The love was consummated at the bridal altar, and a few 3"ears afterward when he knew his da3'S were numbered, having no heirs, he called to his bedside his loved wife and remarking PROCEEDINGS-SOUTHERN STATES. 223 to her that God had blessed them with immense wealth {iiid that they had no legal heirs, asked what they should do with it. That woman, who was then his wife, had been the Avife of a Jew, and that Jew by his thrift and economy, had accummulated that Avealth, and on his death gave it to his AvidoAV. That man avIio married that Avoman Avas a Baptist, and on his death bed, in his Avill, he gave the first bequest that this Society ever received. That man Avas Jesse Mercer, the father of Baptist education in the State of Georgia; and not content Avith that, with laying the foundation for future lieipiests in this Society, he laid also the foundation for Baptist education in the South- With these recollections before us, how can Ave cherish anything but the warmest feelings of sympathy and of high esteem. And alloAV me to say, furthermore, that fourteen ^^ears of the history Avhich you pro])ose to celebrate this day is—I cannot say yours; I cannot sa} ours ; it is our fathers’. For fourteen years we marched side by side with shields locked, arms abreast, and Ave met fire Avith a solid front. Fourteen years of that history belongs to us as well as to you, and to-day I Avould ask every Southern man to raise one shout of jubilee, as he celebrates that history Avith which he Avas identified one-fourth of the time. (Applause.) When the matter Avas discussed as to Avhether Ave should send representatwes to this body, or not, and some questioned the pro¬ priety of the step for a moment, I made this single point; I claimed it as a right to stand Avith you here to-day, because my father had stood Avith your father in the beginning of its history, and it Avas a part of our own jubilee ; and as such Ave claim it, and as such Ave accept an invitation to it from our brethren at the North. But I say as we look back, these memories cluster about our heads, and we are assured that Ave belong to the same people, and are identified in the same work. We have made large progress during these fifty years. A half century ago had you draAvn a line from Lake Erie soutliAvard to Mobile Bay, and placed upon that line thirty mis¬ sionaries, you would have had the beginning of the American Bap¬ tist Home Mission Society. There they stood reaching to Mobile Bay. Now mark the progress. On, AvestAvard, step by step, Ave have inarched. AVe have crossed the Mississippi, and Ave are marshaling our forces for that great battle on the mountain ranges of the con¬ tinent. Feeling it necessary that the enemy should be attacked in the rear, we have thrown our forces also over on the Pacific slope, and now they are coming this way, and Ave are j^i’^ssing that Avay; one 224 FIFTIETH ANNIVEBSARY. organization, not broken, only divided; botli divisions of the grand army claiming the same Captain, rejoicing in the same victories, con¬ fronting the same foe, we all wear the same laurels and praise tlie same iMaster. I notice at the top of that map the singular inscrip¬ tion: “'What should be done, we must attempt to do.” I would change it just a little, “AYhat should be done, by the Grace of God, we will do.” 'When fifty years more have passed, and our armies meet in advancing column, and those from the rear meet us on the lieights of the Rocky Mountains, on their highest peak we will have our banners planted and floating to the breeze ; and we will have that same map unfolded, but underneath it in wider lines, written by the hand of God I would like to see this, “ She hath done what she could ;” and with these victories achieved we might be content with the record which we have made. As to the progress we have made in this work during fifty years, mark first, the territory we have gone over. M'e are advancing to¬ ward the West, and we have left these States in our rear blooming under tlie influence of Christianity which we preach. Mark again the increase in numbers winch are shown upon our records; and yet, more than that mark the spirit which has grown up under flie foster¬ ing care of these missionary influences. (Applause.) NORTH ATLANTIC STATES. The President : We will now have the pleasure of hearing the representative of the North Atlantic States, Rev. G. W. Bosworth, D.D., of Massachusetts : Mr. President: Eight}^ ^ ears ago this day there was formed in the city of Boston, in the old Eirst Baptist Church, the first Baptist Missionary Society in tliese United States, if we except, what we must alwTiys except, some soci^jties formed by Chris¬ tian women, which had jn’cceded this organization. That Society declared for its object the preaching of the Gosjoel among the new settlemenfs, and in the regions beyond, as Providence might open them. It thus preempted North America for- the ascended Christ. I refer to this as carrying the history of this Society nearer to its origin. It is in accordance with the Divine plan that when God pro¬ jects a great enterjirise for his creatures on earth, He folds them up in great souls and trains them for its unfolding. The men that formed this First Missionary Society had been trained for this work. James Manning, Hezekiah Smith, Stei;)hen Gano, men of learning, PROCEEDINGS-NORTH ATLANTIC STATES 225 men of godliness, men in whom the words of Jesus Christ, uttered to His disciples on the slopes of Olivet, had taken deep root and borne rich fruit, were the fathers of this and kindred societies. Other States imitated them and formed other missionary societies, immediately on the formation of this first Society, missionaries were sent and went amidst the storms and snows of winter to the frontiers of Maine, New Hampshire and Yermont, over the line into Upper Canada, around the central and northern portions of New York, and the northern portions of Pennsylvania around the Lakes. These men and their associates and successors carried forward this missionary work until these societies were merged in the State Conven¬ tions, the object of which was, in addition to the missionary work which I have glanced at, to bring together the churches into a closer bond of fraternity, to enlarge and intensify the organizations—thus showing 3mu the basis of one of the points made by Dr. Moss here this morn- ing. The Massachusetts Convention was formed in 1824 , the first, I think, among all. Others followed speedity. Francis Way land was the first Secretary of that Convention. Jonathan Going was its chief director and became soon after its active secretary and general manager, and as such made his great journey West. His thoughts and feelings, and the great purpose which he formed on that journe}^ as referred to in one of the reports of this Society", prepared him for the movement which was consummated, so far as the organization of this Society" is concerned, in 1832 . Thus 3^011 perceive that one generation had passed, and another generation was trained for this work. Not merely the leaders, whose names are found on the records of this Society as its officers, but their backers behind them, la3mien and women who were in all these movements, were thoroughl3" educated for them. These were men of God ; men who loved the truth as revealed in the Gospel and embraced in the Bap¬ tist denomination. These were men of enterprise ; men, who, like N. 11 . Cobb and Gardner Colb3^, consecrated the first fruits of their commercial enterprise to Christ and His cause, giving a per cent, of their income. These were the men that laid the foundations of this Home Mission Societ3L xVnd it is not 01113" the wealth of men that has gone into its endowment largel3", but the s^iirit which they cher¬ ished, which has been caught up b3" their sons and the associates of their children, that now sustains this great and glorious enterprise. There is another feature (I pass over much that I might say in this ' direction), which I think we do well to consider, especially in the 226 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. distant operations of this great Society. The early founders of this- enterprise, and their imniediate successors, gained their victories after tremendous struggles. Something was said in the famous discussion yesterday as to the state of things on the Pacific slope, about difficulties ; and one of them was the difficulty with regard to labor. How has it been in New England ? AVe were told here last night that these cities along the North Atlantic C.^oast have been the dumping ground of the poverty, ignorance, crime, and servility of Europe for all these years. But have the Baptists of these regions cried, “Shut the gates, and forbid admission?” No. It is true that these men have come and underbid our mechanics and our laborers. It is true to-day that our great manufactories in New England, and I dare sa}^ of these other States, wliich once were occui:)ied and opera¬ ted, almost, if not quite exclusively, by home-born laborers, are now almost wholly destitute of such laborers. And why thus des¬ titute ? The home-born were driven away because others w^ould labor for less pay. The same thing that is being “ whined ” about on the Pacific Coast has transpired here. (Ajqjlause). It has been met ; and how niet‘? We have heard again and again of The characters of the pioneers of the West. Who were they ? The}' were men that have been driven away from the East by these newcomers from Europe who underbid them. Such have been God’s methods of stiiTing up their nests. This has been God’s wa}' to drive them to- broader enterprises. Thomas Nickerson, as some of you are aware, was born on Cape Cod. His boyhood was one of the hardest strug¬ gles that the history of New England boys can give you. He worked his way to Boston, probably on a coaster, and there began his com¬ mercial adventures and crowded his way up and up until he became a large ship-owner. But the war swept his ships from the seas. Did he sit down and give way to these adversities? No. He plunged into another enterprise; and he is a type of the men of New England, of the Christians of New England, and of the Baptists of New Eng¬ land. From such brains God, in His providence, evolved the great railroad enterprises—the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe, and the ^Mexican Central. And that is, I say, but a specimen of the methods by which the Baptists have earned their triumphs over obstacles. One thing more, and that is with regard to the faith and fidelity to the Gos})el which characterize these Baptists. It is a most sig¬ nificant fact, and one which honors the word of God and the ordi¬ nances of Jesus Christ, that the Baptists of this section, especially in New England ami ^Massachusetts, who once were crushed, and whose PROCEEDIN GS-WESTERN STATES. 227 clmrclies once, and not long since as we look back, could be num¬ bered on your fingers, are now outnumbering all others in Boston and its vicinity. One of our leading secular papers lias it that the Baptists outnumber any other denomination, except the Komanists. So I am told it is here in New York, and in Philadelphia—and that is not the best of it. ^Vdiile other denominations are quibbling as to faith, while Andover seems going wdiere Harvard went, you find that this denomination stands firm to the truth as it is in Jesus. (Applause). Y^ou wdll find that those institutions founded upon the sound and simple faith of men, trusting in God, wall sustain that faith. (Applause). The President : We will now" have the pleasure of hearing from the Western States, through Bev. D. B. Cheney, D.D., of Illinois: WESTEBN STATES. Mr. President and Men and Brethren of the American Baptist Home Mission Societ}": I appear before you to-day in the embar¬ rassing position of a substitute for an eminent man of long and large experience in the West, Bev. Dr. Bulkley, to speak of this Society’s work in the “ Western States.” To speak on so great a subject, in so limited a time as is allowed, requires more time for preparation than I have had. True, I have enjoyed some oj^portunities for observing the work of this Society in that important section of our country. Thirty-five years ago I was one of its missionaries in a field so far West that it required a week and a day to reach it from New York ; so far West that when, four years later I preached in the pulpit of the good Dr. Sharj), of Boston, he took occasion, after the sermon, to tell his- people how thankful he was that the same Gospel he had preached for forty years in that pulpit, was now preached so far off a-s Coliim- hua, Ohio ! Since the date of my first commission, now more than thirty-five years ago, I have w^atched w"ith interest the work of this Society in that section of our country, that w"as j^i'e-eminently its early field of labor. AVe celebrate this fiftieth anniversary, and this is Avell; but we need to go back eighty years instead of fifty for the first organized effort among American Baj^tists in the work of Home Missions. Eighty years ago this month the Massachusetts Baptist Missionary Society held its first meeting in Boston, and elected twelve trustees, among wdiom were Samuel Stillman, Thomas Baldwin, Hezekiah 228 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. Smith, Joseph Grafton, Stephen Gano; names that will long be held in grateful remembrance. At their lirst meeting they appointed three missionaries, two “ to visit the new settlements in Maine and New Hampshire,” and one “to visit the new settlements in the North¬ western part of New A’ork, and the adjacent settlements in Canada. ” As years passed on, this ^lassachusetts Society extended its work into the then opening AVest, sending such men as Win. Sedwick to Ohio, and John M. Peck to Illinois (applause)—and I have been sur¬ prised that we have not heard this last-mentioned name diu'ing all these meetings. He was our grand pioneer in Western ^Missions ; the leader and guide of Jonathan Going in that memorable western journey of which we have heard so much. During the thirtieth year of its existence, the Alassachusetts So¬ ciety had missionaries in ten States, going as far West as Illinois, and as far South as Mississippi. That year it inaugurated measures that led to the organization of this Society in this city, April 27, 1832, so that, after it had wrought thirty 3 ’ears, it became the parent of the American Baptist Home Mission Society. During the first year of the operations of the new Society, it em¬ ployed thirty-six (36) missionaries ; twenty-four (24) of whom were located in the three States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and the Territory of Michigan. The second year it employed fifty-nine (59) mission¬ aries, forty (40) of whom were located in the three States and Terri¬ tory just named. For many years, what are now the five great States of Ohio, Indi¬ ana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin formed, in a large degree, the field of this Society’s work. But those States were not then what they are now. In the National census of 1830, two years before this Society was formed, the great Territory of AVisconsin was a blank, and the whole field now covered by these five States had less than a million and a half of people [1,470,018]. Whereas, by the census of 1880, they had about eleven and a cpiarter millions [11,206,668]. ]\iichigan has now a larger p 02 )ulation than the whole five had fifty years ago, and Ohio or Illinois more than twice as large. In»1830, Cook CouiiG^ that now embraces the city of Chicago, was a blank in the National census; in 1840, it had only ten thousand two hun¬ dred and one [ 10 , 201 ], while in 1880, it had over six hundred thou¬ sand [607,524]. Ten States, AVisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas, Texas, Colorado, Nevada, California, and Oregon were all blanks in the census PROCEEDINGS-WESTERN STATES. t^-29 of 1880, many of them to a later date, while some of them did not even belong to the United States, like Texas or California; States that cover an area large enough for an empire. These ten States had a pojmlation in 1880 of more than eight millions [8,057,187J. There are eight Territories in these great central and western portions of the country, not counting the Indian Territory, the most of which thirty years ago, and some of which twenty years ago, were blanks in our National census; whereas, in 1880, the}' had a population of more than 600,000 [606,819]. These ten States and eight Territories doubtless embrace a popu¬ lation to-day of more than 10,000,000, or within three or four million of the entire country fifty }'ears ago. Into all these vast fields this Society has gone as it has been able, and the fruits of its labors have been glorious. One of its earliest missionaries, in 1832, was located in Cleveland, in the day of small things—but who has not since heard of Cleveland Baptists ? In a few years the Society occupied Cleveland, Colum¬ bus, Zanesville, Marietta, Akron, Granville, Massillon, Ashtabula, Newark, and Mansfield. That same year, 1832, the Society had a missionary with a feeble church in Indianapolis. Last year that same church, with its colo¬ nies, elegantly entertained our National Anniversaries. Fort Wayne, Terre Haute, Evansville, Lima, Peru, Bloomington, Danville, Logans- port, and Huntington illustrate the work of the Society in that State. In 1833, this Society sent Rev. Allan B. Freeman, a young man from the Hamilton Theological Seminary, N. Y., to Fort Dearborn, a trading station, now Chicago, where he labored sixty-nine weeks, and died loved and lamented by all who knew him; and like Moses, “ No man knowethof his sepulchre unto this day.” Well, would you know of Chicago Baptists now ? Ask Drs. Lorimer and Henson, Lawrence and Kennard, and other loved pastors in that cit}'. To count the fields occupied by this Society in Illinois, Ave must count nearly all tlie im¬ portant cities and towns in the State, as Chicago and Springfield, Peoria and Canton, Upper Alton and Quincy, Rockford and Freeport, Rock Island, Joliet, and OttaAva. In Michigan, the Society can jioint for the fruits of its labors to Detroit and Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo and Jackson, Niles and Ann Arbor, Marshall, Albion and Ypsilanti. In 1836, the Society entered Wisconsin, and has since done foundation Avork in Mihvaukie, Beloit, Beaver Dam, Fond-du-lac, Janesville, Sheboygan Falls, White Water, 280 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. Kenosha, and Oshkosh. In 1839, it went to Iowa; and Burlington, Dubuque, Davenport, Des ]\Ioines, Pella, Cedar Eapids, Keokuk, ]Muscatine, Ottuiiiwa, and Comanche, witness to its good work in that State. The Societ}^ employed its first missionary in Minnesota in 1849; and you may now look for the fruit of its labors in St. Paul, IMinneapolis, AVinona, Fairbault, Stillwater, Bochester, Hastings, Northtield, and St. Anthony. In 1854, the society entered Kansas, where now Lawence, Leaven¬ worth, Topeka, Ottawa, Fort Scott, Atchison, Junction City, and Wichita tell of its labors. The Society sent its first missionar}’ to Nebraska in 1856, and the fruits of its labors are now seen in Omaha, Lincoln, Plattsmouth, Bellevue, Tecumseh, Salem, and Brownville. In 1868, Avork Avas begun in Colorado, and the good fruits are seen in Denver, the most beautiful city of its age on the continent, and in not a feAv places of less importance. I cannot follow the Society in¬ to the neAver territories, where its Avork is full of promise, and Avhere so much should be done in the early future. Upon the marble slab that marks the resting place of Sir Christopher Wren, in St. Paul’s Cathedral, London, of which he Avas the architect, is the inscription, “ Si monumentiim reqiu'rifi circum- spice —if j^ou seek his monument, look around. So we say in re¬ gard to the fruits of the Home IMission Society in the Western States; if you Avill find them ; “ circum^pice ;” look around, anywhere, every¬ where, in those great commonwealths, and you cannot fail to see them. (Applause.) The President : We aaMI iioaa' have the pleasure of hearing from Canada, through Bea*. Dr. J. H. Castle, of Toronto. CANADA. ]Mr. President, and Brethren of the American Baptist Home ^Mission Society : I am happy to bring you the hearty and cordial greeting of the Baptists of the Dominion of Canada Avhile you celebrate A'our Jubilee. We are among the smallest of the tribes of our Baptist Israel. ^Many States of the American Union out¬ number the Baptists of the Avhole of Canada tAvice over, and yet geographically, Canada could cover the Avhole United States and have many thousands of square miles to spare. We are a large territory, if Ave are a small people. In national sentiment the Baptists of PROCEEDINGS-CANADA. 231 Canada, like all Canadians, are enthusiastic in their loyalty to the throne of Queen Victoria, whose birthday was celebrated the day before yesterday in every city, town, and hamlet from the Atlantic to the Pacific, with a universal and joyful enthusiasm. (Applause.) Such a holiday keeping is never seen as when Canadians keejD the birthda}" of their Queen. And while this intense loyalty j^revails, and while our Baptist Churches are constantly reinforced from the mother country, yet Canadian Baptists are in affiliation, not with English BajDtists, but with the Baptists of the XJnited States. Just so far as you differ from English Baptists just so far Canadian Bap¬ tists are not English but American. AVe are denominationally sound. Our open communion churches have faded away until only three or four remain, (applause), and these are among the feeblest of the feeble. As true Baptists, then, holding the ordinances as the Ajiostles delivered them unto us, and in their natural significance and indis¬ putable relation to each other, we extend the hand of fellowship to you, and rejoice with you in your jubilee. Your map says: ‘‘North America for Christ.” And yet I am not quite satisfied with that map, Sir. I look for Canada, the largest part of North America, and you liaA^e only shown the place where Canada ought to be. (Laughter.) Too big to get it in ! In all Canada we have at the present time 64,500 communicants. I saw in one of your leading* papeis, ciiculated in this house this week, that the Baptists of Canadian i^rovinces numbered 250,000—a slight mistake. Sir, of only 185,000. (The Piesident : “On the right side.”) I wish it were a mistake on the right side. Unfortunately for us the mistake is against us. Of these, 37,500 are in the maritime provinces ; and 27,000 in Quebec, Ontario and Manitoba; but the distribution is very unequal. In Nova Scotia there is one Baptist for every fourteen of the population ; in New Brunswick,* one for twenty-six; in Prince Edwards Island, one Bajitist for every sixty ; or taking the maritime provinces together, one Baptist for every twenty-three. Then comes that vast granite quarry (as it was called yesterday by Mr. AATlliams) of Bomanism and superstition, the province of Quebec, with its population of 1,359,000, with 2,235 Baptists, or one Baptist for every 608. There is missionary ground for you. There is a reason for sustaining the Grande Ligne Mission, which has done one of the noblest works in blasting into this granite quarry of superstition and Romanism. Now*, when we come further west, to the Province of Ontario, with its population of 1,925,000, we have 24,561 Baptists, or one in every seventy-eight; and while the Dominion population has 232 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. increased to 4,324,000, our Baptists liave increased to 04,500. We liave in the whole Dominion of Canada one Bai:)tist for every sixty- seven of‘the population. AVhen you began, Sir, your work, in 1832, the population of Canada was about 1,100,000 ; to-day 4,325,000. I have not been able to ascertain what was the number of Baptists in Canada when your Society was founded, but as your early labors were confined to the Province of Ontario, then known as Upper Canada, your interest is chiefly in that Province.* In 1832, when this Society was formed, the population of Ontario was 240,000, among whom Ave had scarcely 1,500 Baptists, and only 50 Baj^tist ministers, or one Baptist for every 180 of the population. As I have already said, in this year 1882, while the population of Ontario has groAvn to 1,900,000, we have one Baptist for every seventy- eight of the population. That is, in the half century, while the popu¬ lation has multij^lied eight-fold, the Baptist population of Ontario has multiplied more than sixteenfold. With the exception of the liberal efficient support Avhich your Society has from time to time rendered to the Grande Ligne Mission in the ProAunce of Quebec, your operations have been mainly confined to the Province of Ontario. Three years after the organization of the Societ}^ you began to send your missionaries across the line. The}- came to us and occu2)ied someAvhere from forty to fifty different jAoints in the Province of Ontario, and I want to testify to this, by an actual examination of the jAoints your mis¬ sionaries occupied, that in every one of those j^oints there exists a good Bajitist Church to-da^R (Applause.) There has not been one failure. I do not mean that there has been continuous existence of Bajitist Churches from the time your missionaries stejAj^ed into those fields ; but influences were started AAdiich liaA^e resulted in the establishment of fiajitist Churches in every field your missionaries occuj^ied in Ontario. Some of these cities Ayere Iffie the beautiful City of Brant¬ ford, AAdiere for ten, years at the beginning you assisted in establish¬ ing the Gosj^el. There are three of the best Bajitist Churches of Canada in that beautiful little city to-day—the banner City of Ontario in regard to Bajitists. A^ou also sustained the Gosjiel in the City of Hamilton, at the head of Lake Ontario. Mdthin a few daA^s Avill be dedicated to the service of God a sanctuary almost as large and (j[uite as beautiful as this, and there you sustained noble * According to the most accurate information obtainable, there were, in 1832, 7,16G Baptists in the British Provinces, of Avhom 1,976 were in Ui)per Canada, 3,633 in Nova Scotia, and 1,557 in Ncav Brunswick. PROCEEDINGS-CANADA. 233 men preaching* Christ and Him crucified. So at London, at St. Catharines, and at Toronto. I was amazed, Sir, in looking over the records to find that in Toronto, the capital of Ontario, where by your contributions, if you did not absolutely start the Baptist cause, at a most critical period in its history you helped to sustain it, you will find nine Baptist Churches. The pastor of this church declares that one of them is the finest Baptist house of worship on this continent. I would not dare say it, but Dr. Peddie may. You will also find in that city a Theological Seminary with accommodations equal to any m the land. Now, Sir, your record in Ontario is surely a grand record, one which you need not be ashamed of. Among the men who have preached the Gospel in Canada, some of those named with the greatest reverence for eloquence, for piety, for self-denial and for success, were the missionaries of 3 ^our Society. I want to say, in regard to the future, a great crisis is upon us. We have a New Northwest. We, in Canada, are in reference to that Northwest just where you were when this Society was organized. There is a territory capable of containing 50,000,000 of population, of the finest wheat fields of the world, and just now the population is rushing in with intense speed. Think of it! In the city of Winnepeg, lots on the business streets are worth as much as in the city of Chicago, and I have been told that in the last year you could find on some streets of Winnepeg 1,000 land offices. At least two hun¬ dred colonization societies have been organized, whose members are being drawn from the Baptist churches of Ontario ; and I know not what to do but to appeal to this Society again to come in and heli) us in that magnificent Northwest. (Applause). My last word will be in reference to the Indian question. We have none in Canada. AVe have more Indians than there are in the United States, and we never have had a rebellion or a massacre, or a war. Our policy has been justice, kindness and fidelity to the In¬ dians, and the Indians are loyal to the government, and enthusiastic for their “ Great Mother. ” I regret that I have not more time to talk to you about Canada. I have only just given you an outline. AVe come to you with oui* greeting. You are credited with $40,000 which you have expended; but we have paid it all, we paid it back well—we gave you Peddie, we gave you MacArthur, we gave you Deane, and any help you give us we will pay it back in men. (Ap- ifiause). The President: AVhen they wanted a “Castle,” they came to the United States for it. 234 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. I now have the pleasure of introducing the Rev. J. C. Baker of Oregon, who will siieak for the great Northwest. THE NORTHWEST. Mr. President and Brethren: The field represented hy the “Baptist Convention for the North Pacific Coast,” includes Oregon, Wash¬ ington Territory, Western Idaho, and Western British Columbia. Its area is immense, being greater than all New England and the Middle States, with Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, and ^Minnesota thrown in. It is an empire by itself, capable of sustaining a population of 20,000,000 of people. Oregon alone is equal to one-half of France and twice the size of England, and would make two States of nearly the area of the “ Empire State.” Oregon has wood, lumber, coal and iron in excess of New York, and in production of cereals and fruit is more than her equal; while Washington Territory is the peer of Oregon. The Columbia River penetrates the heart of this great “Noidh- west” a distance of more than one thousand miles, and with its tributaries drains a basin of country containing an area of more than 300,000 square miles, a large per cent, of which is arable land. The area of the Columbia River basin would describe a circle tak¬ ing in Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Toledo, Buffalo, Montreal, Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Cincinnati and St. Louis, where are now over 23,000,000 of people. But, 3 'ou ask, what of it ? I reply: There is now a population of over 300,000 in this great Columbia River basin. It is capable of sustaining, and will one day sustain 20,000,000 of people. During the last decade the popula¬ tion has increased 100,000, with one railroad communication and an ocean voyage of 700 miles intervening. Eighty per cent, of the emigration now reaching the Pacific slope are finding homes in this great North Pacific basin. Within one and one-half years we shall have connections with the East by rail. This done, and nothing ever known in the history of emigration and settlement will equal what we of the “ Northwest ” have'a right to anticipate. But you ask, have you data for such a prophecy ? I reply, yes. We have lumber, coal, iron, copper, lead, tin, zinc, cinnabar, marble, gyp¬ sum, gmnite, limestone, and j^ottery clay, besides mines rich with ; - 1 PROCEEDINGS-THE NORTHWESI'. 23 A VISION OF THE WEST 28G FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. deposits of gold and silver, with water-power enough to run all the niachinery needed for 30,000,000 of population. Fruit we raise in the greatest j^erfection and abundance. You can eat fruit in the dark with impunity. There are neither Avorms in the fruit, nor insects in the grain ; neither tornadoes, cyclones, liglitning, nor thunder to destroy, or aAvaken fear. Of vegetables there is no limit, except of disposition and muscle ; your cabbage can be eaten from the garden all Avinter, and your fruit kept in the open barn Avith slight covering and not freeze, on most of the territory Avest of the Cascade Mountains. The yield of all kinds of vegetables is large and their production sure and eas 3 \ Then of stock. We rival Texas for cattle, and have no peer in producing beef from native grasses, and our stock lives in the open field all AAnnter Avithout fodder—including horses and sheep, Avhich are raised in large numbers. Our Avool clipping last year Avas oA^er 8,000,000 lbs., and is capable of being increased to an almost unlimited extent. We have the great salmon fisheries of the world. From a product of $64,000 ill 1806, it has groAAm to the immense proiiortions of $2,650,000 last year, and is likely to increase for many years to come. This industry employs thousands of men and millions of capital. The great AAdieat belt of this Avonderful country is maiwelous. To believe what I have already said of this remarkable country Avill per¬ haps tax your credulit 3 \ But its Avheat producing capacity is still more marvelous. First .—AVe never have a failure of cro^i. Second .—The acreage aAvaiting cultivation is immense, either for “ homestead,” “preemption,” or purchase. Third .—In quality it is unrivaled in the Avorld. Foiu'th .—The yield per acre is from twent}' to eighty bushels, depending upon the soil and character of tillage. Large districts in eastern Oregon, AVashington, and Idaho yield from fort}' to sevent}' bushels per acre. Fifth .—The surplus yield last year Avas 300,000 tons—equal to 10,000,000 bushels; and about 110,000 tons Avere shipped dhectl}' to foreign ports from the Columbia River before the close of December for that year. This Avill be increased with increase of population and acreage under cultivation. Besides this, flax produces from 400 to 800 lbs. of clean fibre i)er acre. Barle}', oats, rye, etc., jiroduce largely. The climate of this great basin, Avhich ranges from four to seven degrees north of AVashington, D. C., is yet more mild, as a rule, than Washington, Baltimore, or St. Louis. This is aflected b}' the “ Jajian PROCEEDINGS—THE NORTHWEST. 237 curreiit, wliicli blows so near as to iiiodify the cold of w^iiiter, and by the ‘trade winds of snninier, which luodify the heat; so that we are neither exposed to the benumbing cold of winter, nor the s’welterin heat of summer, exj)erienced on this side of the Kocky Mountains i the same latitudes. Only States and Territories bordering on the Kock}" IVIountains can how as low a death-rate j^er thousand as can this great country. The commerce of this great Northwest, is nearly doubling every year. We have commercial intercourse direct with Eng¬ land, Ireland, Belgium, France, British Columbia, Hawaiian and k eejee Islands, and with Australia, China, and Japan. A line of steam¬ ships vdll be ready to run direct to foreign ports at the completion of the North Pacific Kailroad. In this connection I call attention to a fact that will bear careful study, namely: the commerce of the world moves east and west It is true in our country. “WesWard the Star of Empire,” etc., is no more true, than that, in eastern and western channels the commerce of our country flows. You have in the west and south the great Mississippi, with its tributaries draining an immense basin, flowing through the Gulf into the great Atlantic. But you never have turned, nor ever can turn the commerce of this mighty "West down the Mississippi. Take St. Louis as a point, and four- fifths of its commerce crosses the great bridge east and west, while one-fifth goes under it down the river, toward the south. This is inevitable as a rule. The trunk lines of railroads nearlv all run east and west. They are the great highways of the nation. They are never satisfied until they shut their throttle in the very heart of the great commercial cities of the East. Now the course of the Colum¬ bia Eiver and Puget Sound is west to the Pacific Ocean. They are already a highway of commerce Avith other nations. AVithin two years we shall liaA^e two lines of railroads connecting this great NortliAvest with the East, namely, the “ Northern Pacific ” and the “Oregon Pacific.” This done, and this great Columbia BNer is on the highwa}" of the nations. By this route Chicago and New Y^ork will be from 500 to 700 miles nearer China and Japan than noAv, via San Francisco ; and our facilities for shipment of both imports and exports are fully equal to San Francisco Bay, if we include the Puget Sound and Strait of Fuca. Noav, I hold that Avith these coming facilities for deA'elo 2 ')ment and transit coinj^lete, my prophecy that “ The Great Nortlnvest Avill show an increase of j)02)ulation and develoiAinent never before Avit- nessed in the settlement of our country,” is founded upon ^mobable data. to ^ 288 FI FTIETII ANNIVERSARY. Prior to my lirst visit to this region, no thoroughly organized mission work had been undertaken by our people on the “ North Pacific Coast and tliis and successive visits, seconded and aided b}' noble brethren and sisters, resulted in what is now known as “The Baptist Convention of the North Pacific Coast,” which was or¬ ganized to promote missions, Sunday-schools, and Christian educa¬ tion ; the basis of its work to be, “ Faith in God and Cash in Hand.'* This organization has now been in operation four and one-half years, and our people have responded nobly to this effort to develop self heljj. The first year Ave supported one missionary, the second year three, the third A^ear ten. At that time Ave had reached an annual offering to the Avork of nearly $8,000, though our AApole membership Avas less than 4,000. Previous to this, the Home ^Mission Society had extended its aid to a large number of churches on the field, and esjiecially is this true of our most efficient and liberal churches of to-daA'. The Society was also aiding several churches on the field Avhen our Convention Avas organ¬ ized. The Avork performed by the Home Mission Society, under the disadvantage of great distance, difficulty of communication, great expense of getting missionaries upon the field and Avant of co-opera¬ tive effort on the field itself, Avas, nevertheless, of the greatest im¬ portance to a field, the greatness and imjAortance of Avhich is just noAv coming into prominence. The most hearty thanks of all our peo 2 )le on the “ North Pacific Coast ” is borne to the Home Mission Society at this jubilee meeting to-daA", for the generous aid given under such circumstances. A hearty “ God bless you,” is our prayef. At the end of three years of independent AVork the “ Baptist Con¬ vention of the North Pacific Coast” entered into cooperation Avith the Home IMission Society, they expending tAvo dollars for every dollar Ave raised for missionary Avork. Me are, under this plan, sup¬ porting at the present time tAventy-one missionaries ; One among the Scandinavians, one among the Chinese, and nineteen among the American population, and God is greatly blessing our AVork. I hardly need say more to you ujion this as a field for “ missionary effort.” Already you gras^) it; but I must speak of facts touching our denomination on this great field. First. —AVe have one hundred churches, Avith four thousand members. Not more than ten of these churches are able to support pastors Avithout assistance, and four of the ten never have given, and probably never Avill give a pastor an adequate salary. Second. — \S e are occupying comparatively feAv of the toAvns on PROCEEDINGS-THE NORTHWEST. 239 this great field. We need men cajoable of starting w^ork and building in many good towns. Third .—The whole field nearly is missionary ground. Every centre of population furnishes a mission field for a good man—a// he could occupy. Tourth .—Over ninety of the one hundred churches contributed to the work last year, and wm have increased the sum raised every year from the beginning, and have never gone to our annual meeting ask¬ ing for a dollar to cover arrearages. Fifth. But the field is ‘‘difficult” and “hard.” There are no large salaries, or easy work, or clover pastures for ministers. Only missionaries should come to this field. Those who have the real mis¬ sionary spirit; such only we w^ould advise to come, and such we will help on to the field, and see that they are fairly cared for when there. Sixth. AVe need Men. No lazy drone or mere bookworm need come. We need young men and strong men to grow up with and build our denominational sentiments into this country now, and lay foundations for carrying Christ’s likeness among a great and thriving people. Seventh .—Our educational work is in its beginning, and ought to have the careful thought and hearty codj^eration of our Eastern brethren, and theii* generous aid as well. AVe have an educational institution, under a college charter, located at McAIinnville, Oregon. AVe shall grow into a full course of study as fast as it is possible for us to do so imthout incurring debt. (AVe have determined to have no debts upon either oui- educational or mission work.) Last year we provided $20,000 to put up a building, which is now being constructed, to be completed in September. AVe have $20,000 endowment. Our prop¬ erty, including endowment, will be worth about $55,000 when our building is complete. AVe have nearly thirty acres of land belonging to the college—and six acres given to the Board for a seminary by the wife of one the Society’s early missionaries, Bev. E. R. Chandler, D.D., who, with Rev. Ezra Fisher, another of the early pioneer mis¬ sionaries to this great “Northwest,” did much toward laying the foundation for this present great development, both educational and missionary. AA^e have also an academy located at Colfax, AVashing- ton Territory, which was started by Rev. S. E. Stearns, one of the missionaries of the Societj^, and which has been successfully con¬ ducted for four years, the school being held in the church building. Last year another of the Society’s missionaries. Rev. S. AV. Beaven, of AIoscow, Idaho, j^rovided a fund for, and put up, a good building 240 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. for an acadeni}', and completed the house of worship, furnishing, painting, etc.—and all free of debt. He was greatly aided in this work by Kev. D. J. Pierce, missionary also at Walla Walla, Wash¬ ington Temtory, and they have now 2 :)ut the school, thoroughl}" organ¬ ized, under a Board of Trustees, forever secured to the Baptist denomination. We believe these facts and statements will commend our held and work to the still more generous aid of the Home ^Mission Society, and challenge the most careful study of our brethren in the East, uj^on whom God has bestowed the gift of conducting missionary and edu¬ cational enterprises and of making and giving money to sustain them. In behalf of our Convention, which sends it Christian greeting through me, I tender you thanks for the j^^fient and ajiparently deejhy interested hearing you have given our held. * (Apjhause.) Br. Morehouse read two jiaragraj^hs from the re 2 :»ort of the Board, the “Review of the Fifty Years.” “ All hail the j^ower of Jesus’ name,” was then sung. The President : The toj^ic for the afternoon will now be considered. The hrst subject is “The Prosj^ect : the Next Fifty Years.” First, “The Work beforeFs.” Rev. W. B. IMayfield, B.B., of Arkansas, will sj^eak on THE WORK BEFORE US. ]\Ir President: I confess that I feel just a little bit frightened. I I believe it is twenty years since I met a large comf>any of New Yorkers on a distant held, and I was frightened then, and I feel somewhat frightened now. I should hardly do justice to myself and to this great occasion, if I did not mention the fact that the sub¬ ject, “ The work before us,” had been assigned me since I reached the city. Indeed, I feel that with the largest o 2 :)portunity for paration, it would be utterly impossible for one mind to comjiass this great subject. Such are its colossal j^roj^ortions that none but God himself can measure its almost incalculable magnitude. We are standing this evening on the edge of hfty years for ever gone and jiassed away. The conhict has been long and severe. At times, I am told by those more intimately associated with this work, the darkness overhanging the hearts and beclouding the jirospect was deejD and intense, and that it threatened, at times, to swallow uj:) the work and to swallow uj) every blessed hoj^e ; and all along this line PROCEEDINGS-THE WORK BEFORE US. 241 of march, as we have heard diiriiio- this meeting, there have been failures. AYe stand now on the edge of another half century, with all its great and mighty possibilities lying out beyond us. I am re¬ quested in this little talk to glance at this work and to suggest how our hands and our hearts may be occupied in the days to come. If we have come through darkness in the past, and through difficulties, and if we have been pursued b}’- enemies, it is a cause for profound gratitude to know that in the times of our trial God has been about us and sheltered us in this darkness. If we have gone out into the wilderness our hearts should fill Avith supreme joj^ to knoAv that God has gone before us, to guide our hearts, and I think we all agree that it is a cause for profound rapture to know that this glad day Ave touch the sides of a great Mount Pisgah. To-iiioitoaa", Ave are told, Ave shall be standing upon its shining summit, but God Avill call us doAvn from these loftier heights of Christian rejoicing, caU us down to Avork, and to occupy the great broad field Avhich sAveeps out before us. As Ave stand on these lofty heights Ave shall be permitted to catch but a glimpse of the bright world that lies out beyond us, and be permitted to touch but the edge of the brightness of the other Avorld to Avhich our eyes and our hearts are uplifted. Our AVork and our mission lie in this sphere. “ The work of the next fiftA" years —Avill you pardon me if I sug¬ gest that the first Avork Avith Avhich our hands may be Avell occupied is the digging of a grave. This Avould seem to be a strange work for a great denomination, and yet I feel that there is a need for a grave, a dark, deep grave, a grave around which the hosts of the North and the South may assemble, and once assembled about this grave, j^lanted in the middle of this great century of liberty, Ave might then toss doAvn into the depths and darkness of that grave all the bones of Avar, and all the bloody weapons of Avar, and all the dark and sad memories of Avar. You say the grave has been dug. Then let us all rejoice in the fact. It Avill only remain then to comj^lete the burial, and for myself—and I think I speak for the South from Avliich I come—I say, let us hasten to toss doAAui these revolting bones and these bloody Avea 20 ons and these dark memories into everlasting for¬ getfulness. (Ajqfiause.) This done we may go about the real work with united hands and Avith united hearts—the Avork given us to do by our great and blessed Master. First of all I Avould mention, as a conviction of m}^ heart at least, that there is still to be done a great AVork for our colored jiGOjile. In 242 FirriETH ANNIVERSARY. my cliildliood I was clasped in the arms and pillowed upon the dusky bosom of a colored woman ; in my childhood and youth I had the negro for my companion and j^ln-yinate ; in iny manhood I owned him and had him in my house. Do you wonder that I should feel for him the most tender and the most profound sympathy ? I should be something less than a man if I did not feel deeply concerned’ in behalf of his happiness and destiny. As the result of a great revolu¬ tion, the shackles were stricken from his feet and his hands—God’s work, not yours, in which I rejoice as much as you. (Applause.) I saw that poor man looking in bewilderment at the shackles which lay at his feet. I saw him when he lifted up his black face, and looked behind him to see only darkness, and out beyond him to see only darkness. Look which way he would, all was darkness. In that time of mental and moral bewilderment, you came to him in your kindness and took him by the hand, and guided him all the way—not to large success, but to partial success—and neither you nor I have met the full measure of the obligation which w'e owe that man. AYe must still seek, as God gives us help, to enlarge his lieaid and extend his mind and give him a right and proper appreciation of the only standard by which his action shall be graduated in this life. We should, as far as possible, seek to lift him uj^ to true manhood and to that position in which he will be best fitted to serve his race, his day, and his generation. I need not, as this matter has been so largely discussed, enlarge on it. I thank you, because I feel a personal in¬ terest, an interest more deep than you can feel, I thank you for what you have done in the interest of this man. You have put a million as we learn into the educational department of your work. What shall we do the next fifty years? Follow this contribution, I answer, by another million! Nor is this all that God requires,—money. You do wise and Avell to invest your money in that which looks to the elevation of this race, and which in some way secures that elevation; but God would have you put into this work more than two million BajAists, with their four million hands and two million of beating hearts; so that money, hands and hearts might all be consecrated to this service of humanity and this service for the true and living God. And then the Indian, who stood up in this house to-day, has a claim on the work of this Societ}”. I went the other week into the Cherokee and Choctaw nations. I was impressed by that gloom which comes over a man as he steps out amidst waste and desolation. I felt as I had never felt before, the necessity of some great and PKOCEEUINGS-THE WORK BEFORE UP. 243 mighty factor that would move and stir the liearts of this people and awaken real life in these red men of the West. Whatever the Government may do, our duty is plain. I doubt the wisdom of the resolutions adopted to-day. I think the policy is right, but I doubt the wisdom. Whatever the Government may do, I say our duty is plain. The Government may ignore and break its treaties, but we as Baptists are parties to one great compact Avhich we dare not violate, and the obligations of which we dare not ignore. This com¬ pact lays on our heart the obligation to carry the Gospel of the Son of God to these lost men, and the hope of the red man of the West is lodged in this. Your work is educational and evangelical. Why evangelical ? Because it is educational. The hope of the red man is lodged in the school book and in the Bible. Tliese are the mightiest factors of American civilization. It is our mission to go with the school book, and in this way, work such a transformation of manhood as will fit the Indian to be a citizen of these United States when the territories are made into States, as they certainly will be in the not distant future. And Mexico, mentioned already in your reports, deserves a pass¬ ing thought. This is a great country, quickened into new life in these last years. Our American Government has thrown its shadow across Mexico, has impressed itself on the mind and life of Mexico. It cannot be effaced or blotted out. (Applause). Dr. Morehouse : Mr. President: I am the Avilling mouthpiece of others in what I now propose; that, inasmuch as President Arthur is to reach the city at six o’clock this afternoon, therefore in the re¬ membrance of his honored father, and a near relative, who is a mem¬ ber of this Church, the following be adopted ; Kesolved, that this Society appoint a Committee to wait upon him on his arrival, and request the honor of his attendance at the jubilee meeting at the Academy of Music this evening (applause), and that Bev. T. D. Anderson, D.D., Rev. A. H. Burlingham, D.D., Samuel Hillman, Esq., and William A. Cauldwell, Esq., be that committee. The resolution Avas adopted. Dr. T. J. Morgan : I have a resolution Avhich I Avould like to read. I have no speech to make, but in order that the pertinency of the resolution may be understood, I would like to call attention to that paragraph in the report in reference to Avork among the Freedmen, found on page (71): “ Your Committee are of opinion that allAvho are charged Avith the conduc of the schools, should realize that, AAdiile much 244 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. lias been done, nmcli yet remains to be learned as to the best inodes of education ; nothing should be regarded as beyond enquiry. New studies are pressing their claims and are demanding an attention that can be secured only by dropping some pursuits that once were deemed indispensable. Your Committee trust that the wisdom of teaching the ancient languages in the schools will be regarded as ])roper matter of enquiry.” This is the point to which I ask your attention. “ In our opinion a yery large portion, or all, of the limited time of the pupils is demanded by such studies as natural science, the science of goyernment, intellectual and moral science, history (es- jiecially of the United States), hj'giene, English literature, especially the English Bible, and kindred branches.” We have adopted that. Now I wish to offer this preamble and resolution—(I will not supplement it b}^ a speech)—for that which was ado^ffed Avithout a discussion, and I claim we have the right to present the other side. Whereas, It is the policy of the American Baptist Home Mission Society to establish and foster institutions of Christian learning for the training of teachers and preachers among the Negroes and Indians ; and. Whereas, It is expected that these schools are to be permanent, and by a natural process of growth and development are to become the Colleges, Univer¬ sities, and Theological Seminaries of the future ; therefore. Resolved, 1. That while recognizing the necessity of doing elementary work for the present generation of students, and of shaping the course of instruction BO as best to meet their practical needs, we recommend that in the employment of teachers and arrangement of courses of study, there should be kept steadily in mind the need of growth, especially of the elevation of the standard required for the admission into these schools and of the grade of instruction given in them. 2. That in view of the place accorded for centuries to the study of Latin and Greek, and the place these languages still hold in our best Colleges : in view of their value as instruments of intellectual culture, literary taste, logical acumen, and rhetorical skill ; and in view of the necessity of a high order of linguistic learning in those who, in America and in Africa, as theological instructors, preachers, missionaries, and translators, are to be authoritative expounders of the Scriptures, we recommend that as far as practical, provision be made in all these schools for the study of Latin and Greek, and in the Theological Seminaries for the study of Hebrew. Dr. D. G. Corey, of Utica : I do not depreciate the subject which Prof. Morgan has presented. I presume it is a subject of imjDortance, and of so much importance that it ^\i[\ demand more discussion than can be given to it at this late hour, and I therefore, move. Sir, that the whole subject be referred to the Board. The motion was carried. PROCEEDINGS-OUR FORCES AND RESOURCES FOR THE WORK. 245 The President : We shall have the pleasure of hearing the Hon. James Buchanan, of New Jersey, upon “Our Forces and Resources for the Work.” OUR FORCES AND RESOURCES FOR THE WORK. Mr. President : I wanted to make my speech yesterday. Then I had something to say ; I wanted to tell about a new Bible I am get¬ ting up ; a sort of a revised edition for the revised Christianity of the last quarter of the Nineteenth Century. You know that, in the days upon which we have fallen, every man is his own reviser. And if he happens to have two or three extra days of leisure, he gets up an en¬ tire new edition, all by himself, apparently forgetting that it has been said that a certain kind of people rush in where angels fear to tread. But I haven’t contented myself with a mere revision. The old lady said that the New Testament was a very well-written book, and had a gi'eat many very good things in it, but she always had thought that John Wesley had made a great man}" improvements in it. Now the exigencies of the times require improvements, and I have endeavored to supply them. I will give you a specimen or two : In the account of Peter’s vision of a great sheet let down from heaven containing all manner of beasts, this verse is to be added : “ And one of the beasts was labeled, ‘This is a Chinaman; Peter, don’t you touch him!’” (Laughter). And then, where we are told of the nobleman making a feast and inviting in his neighbors, and they politely excused themselves, and thereu23on he sent his servants out into the by-ways to gather in the halt, the poor, and others, this further instruction to the seiwants is to be added : “ But, if you see a Chinaman, kick him over the hedge.” (Laughter). I have no doubt this version will have a great sale in certain quarters; and I think of appointing that eminent friend of humanity, the Statesman of the Sand-Lots, as agent for the work. Brethren, God Almighty made no mistake when he left the Golden Gate wide open ! (Applause.) That is what I wanted to say yester¬ day. Now to the subject in hand. I have been requested to open the discussion upon the topic of “Our Forces and Resources for the Work,”—the “Work” we have been considering. The time actually needed for this is, at least, one hour. The time actually at my disposal is just twelve minutes. Result : 246 FIFl'IETII ANNIVERSARY. First. No fuiilier prefatory remarks. Second. Condensation of discussion to the very verge of mere baldness of statement. “ Our forces and resources,” taken in the broadest sense, include : 1. Membership ; 2. Money ; 3. Brain ; 4. Heart ;—and a word as to each. 1. AIeml)ership. The Year Book for 1882 gives us a membership in the United States and Territories for 1881 of 2,336,022, gathered into 26,273 churches. These are combined into 1,155 associations located in 36 States and four territories. Georgia leads off with 2,896 churches and a membershij:) of 238,975, being one Baptist to every 6.4 of the population, and Arizona closes the column with 14 members in one church, being one Baptist to every 2,988 of 2:)op illa¬ tion. This aggregate membership is geographical!}" distributed as follows (following the old time division) : To the Six New England States.119,702 To the Four Middle States.211,053 To the M^estern States and Territories—North.260,856 To the Southern and Southwestern States and Territories, including Indian Territory and excluding Delaware. .1,744,411 Total.2,336,022 Taking our whole population at 55,000,000, this gives us one out of every 23.5 of the population. This grand army of about tAVo and one-third millions, is officered by 16,514 ordained ministers, over 50,000 deacons, aLd about 110,000 tmstees or other corporators. It sustjiined the past year, 14,473 Sun¬ day-schools Avith 120,078 officers and teachers and 1,006,412 scholars. 2. Aloneij. Here we cannot be so exact. The aggregate Avealth of our aggregate membershi]) is unascertained and un ascertain able. No method can be devised by Avhich reliable statistics on this subject can be gathered. ]Men Avill not state definitely the amount of their Avealth. AVe must, therefore, content ourselves, in prospecting this field, Avith a feAv “surface indications.” One of our denominational pajAers remarked, sometime ago, that the mission of the Baptists seemed to be to the “middle classes.” The remark has provoked some severe criticism, and yet, if Ave aj^ply a proper meaning to the term, Ave may Avell ask Avhether, after all, tliere is not some truth in the remark. Our simple service, as simple as Avhen the Master sat on the mountain side and taught His PROCEEDINGS OUR FORCES AND RESOURCES FOR THE WORK. 247 disciples, oi as 'wlien Paul stood on Mars’ Hill and proclaimed the truth to the wondering Athenians; our rigid requirement for admis¬ sion to the church, of evidence of a regenerate heart, and a personal confession of Christas an accepted i^ersonal Saviour; our unyield¬ ing adhesion to the aj^ostolic form of the initiatory rite into the church ;—our entire eschewal of priestly robe and popish form, do not recommend us to the self-appointed lords of earth, or to those Avho desire the chief seats in the synagogues. And, on the other hand, the lower classes, and by the term I do not mean the poor, but the idle and the vicious, have never flocked to us. Taking the phrase “ middle classes ” to include the great multitude of toilers, whether with brain or hand, or both, and is not the remark true ? Have we not succeeded best right here ? Have not our ranks been recruited from the diligent, rather than from either the dilettanti or the dregs ; and by dregs I mean dregi^ of society? Do they not in¬ clude some of the sturdiest muscle and strongest sinews of the nation ? And, if so, is it not fair to estimate the wealth of our mem¬ bers at, at least, the full average ? It is true that we have our mil¬ lionaires, some of whom make princely gifts ; but we have for the sure, steady streams of benevolence this grand army of Avorkers. Another “ surface indication ” is the fact that we su^^port 94 theo¬ logical seminaries, colleges, and academies, having a total property of 112,512,533, and endoAvments of $5,495,554. Another of these indications is that the contributions as reiAortecl for 1881 from the churches (and the figures are not yet complete) aggregate $4,600,910.87. Add to this, the fact that this year over $1,000,000 have been raised for three societies : the Foreign Mission, the Home Mission, and the Publication Society. Add another fact; in the centres of trade, of commerce, of manufacture, we have secured a firm foothold. In Boston, New York, Brooklyn, Philadelphia, Kichmond, Chicago, Galveston, and other important points, we have strong churches Avitli Avealthy memberships. Add to these still another fact. Can not many of j^ou here j^resent recall, without the aid of any memoranda, individual gifts, Avhether for denominational or other purposes, by wealth^^ Baptists, outside their regular contributions, and aggregating millions of dollars? When I recall to your minds the names of Vassar, Bishop, Colgate, Colby, Deane, Bucknell, Crozer, Trevor, Wyckoff, Peddie, Constant, Rockefeller, Pyle, and many others, you ceilainly can. Y^'es, although we may not be able to state the [exact number of 248 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. aggregate millions held by Baptist membership, we have the money and have it abundantly. 3. Brain .—The cattle upon a thousand hills are the Lord’s. The gold and the silver are His, and yet it takes human intelligence to properly herd these cattle, and to delve for and to reline the gold and the silver. And so it takes brains to use the Lord’s monev in His work in the proper wa}’. IMeii of clear vision, of breadth, and comprehensiveness of view, who can look far ahead, and wisely plan the structure and lay solidly the foundations, are always in request for God’s work. This work, and it seems to me the work of this Societv, above all others, needs to be conducted not oiilv with reference to the needs of the present, but with an eye ever on the possibilities and de¬ mands of the future. To a large extent, the moulding of the future life and thought of the great western half of our continent is in its hands. Those who carefully watch the operations of our benevolent societies will, I think, agree with me that in each department brains are at the helm. In onl}' one instance does there seem to be any question as to wisdom of management; and that bids fair to be speedily settled. 4. Heart .—A willingness to give because of love for the object. Of this the membership possesses much. The contributions coming u]) increasingly large year by 3 ’ear show it. And yet we need vastly more. Many of 3 ’ou, no doubt, know men in our churches who joossess their millions, and yet return but little of this wealth to the Lord. The most touching appeal for aid ma^^ be made, aid that ma}' save a struggling church, that may bear the tidings of salvation to those who never heard them, and who else may never hear them, or aid that ma}^ be imperatively needed to seize and hold some impor¬ tant point for Christ ; and yet they calmly fold their arms, and say, by action at least, “ Am I my brother’s keeper ? Oh! if such could only realize how utterl}' stripj^ed of all possession they will one da}' stand before the Great Judge, methinks they would here act more like stewai’ds, and less like masters and owners. But this is not all our subject, “ Our Forces and Besources for the next fifty years ” is the full wording. We have dealt only as to the present; what of the future ? Here, again, we are not without great encouragement. Two facts alone must suffice. Our membership is increasing at a ratio greater than the increase in population, and our contributions are increasing at a ratio greater than our increase in membership! In 1869, our numbers were in the United States, 1,221,349, a fraction over one-haK our present number. The total PROCEEDINGS OUR FORCES AND RESOURCES FOR THE WORK. 249 recei 2 :>ts of the Home Mission Society for that year were $144 032 05 -about two fifths of the receipts of th.s year. Or, to ^o faSf back we find the ratio still more startling. Fifty years ago, the population was about 14,000,000, and our membership was a little nsing of 385.000 ; we then had one in every 37 of the population ow, as aheady stated, we have one in every 23.6. Then we gave almost nothing for Home Missions, and but little for Foreio-n. Last year for Home Mission work alone, through the various organizations we raised and paid about $750,000. But no estimate of our forces and resources can be complete, which fails to take into account the disposition of these forces, and their methods of operation. The work of the evangelization of North America is, so far as the Baptists are concerned, at present, in the hands of several orpnizations. This Society has its missionaries located aU through the West from Oregon to Mexico. The Publica¬ tion Society has its colporteurs, its Sunday-school missionaries and Its missionary agents in the same field. The Southern Baptist Con¬ vention has Its men upon some of the same territory. The German Baptist Conference and the AVoman’s Home Mission Society also ave laborers there. Add to these numerous State Conventions and General Associations, in the same field, and we have a host of or¬ ganizations occuiiying the same territoiy for the same, or kindred objects. It certainly behooves us to consider whether this is best Perhaps no^ organization can be spared ; but may there not be a greater unification of effort V An army certainly needs artillery and cavalry as well as infantry ; but unless they co-operate, the battle may be lost. The successful general may divide his .army into separate divisions under the lead of separate commanders, but unless a unity of purpose animates the whole, the army becomes but an aggregation of uiiwieldly, incoherent fragments. This subject de¬ mands more than the passing thought we can give it here One word more. I thank God for each time I am permitted to attend our national anniversaries. I earnestly wish that more of our aj men might attend, and see and hear for themselves what grand lings for God the Baptists of America are doing; to be thus able to realize what grand possibilities are open to us to go up and possess e land. Coming as we, the representatives of the State Conven¬ tions, do from our local and narrower fields of effort, and “troubled about many things,” it does us good to be lifted up for a little while to a higher ifiane—a plane of national efibrt. As officers and mem¬ bers of the State Conventions, we are each battling the enemy in our 250 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. immediate front; but we do not forget the wings of the army. i\Iy own State this year gives this Society, to be expended outside her own borders, more than twice as much as she retains for her own home State work. And as we gather here now, it cheers our hearts to know that there is such a grand advance along the whole line. Our forces and resources, then, comprise a noble army of over two and a third millions of Christian men and women (because it must be remembered that in the Baptist army there is no infantry). It comprises a goodly portion of the wealth, the brain, the activity of the age. It is grandly organized, magnificently officered, and has for its leader the Lord of Hosts himself! AYliatmav it not do? Let it be true to itself, its mission, its Leader, and those words, “ North America for Christ,” shaU not be merely a sentiment, but shall become a glorious, living reality. The Corresponding Secretary read extracts from the Report of the Board touching the future of the Society’s work. Dr. iMoREHousE : It was supposed that representatives formally ap¬ pointed by the Southern Convention would be present. The Secre- taiw has received no communication concerning the aj^pointment of these brethren, but it was understood that some -svere prepared to stand as representatives of the Convention. AVe should be very glad indeed to welcome any such who feel authorized to speak. Dr. J. a. Broadus, of Kentucky: Mr. President, I rise for the pur¬ pose of explaining the exact position of that question. The South¬ ern J3aptist Convention resolved that any member of the body who might be present here be authorized to act as a representative of that body to the Home Mission Society; but I believe it is true that most of those ’sylio are present were also appointed to represent some State Convention, or General xVssociation; and some of us have a sort of a notion about States, you know. (Laughter.) So w^e have been sitting back, not at all from reluctance to present ourselves as fraternal messengers, and not because we love the Southern Baptist Convention less, but l^ecause of that notion aliout the States: that is all. For the rest, I have only this to say, that I have had very novel sensations the last two davs. I have attended these anniversaries a t/ number of times and have always had some speech to make; but this time I came as a peaceable gentleman, a looker on, and have endea¬ vored to do some first class listening, which is a very agi’ee^ble em- ])loyment for the most part. I believe it is a saying, or should be PROCEEDINGS—representatives OF STATE CONVENTIONS. 251 t. the Ust two days an extremely agreeable employment. I con- gi^atnlate the President and the Secretary and the Board and the ment ifl t TT" So«ety upon their admirable arrange- e It If I may takeleave to say so, and their admirable carryin..- out of awe chosen in-ogramme, and uijon the very high average ol -ood speaking; and the only objection I have had to it, and to my part of good hstening, has been that the Bretlmen spoke so well yesterday moinmg and afternoon and evening, that last night I could not sleep Baptists of America have grown to be and have been enabled to do then, somehow I g^t to feeling ashamed to think of what we oimht to have done; but if anybody should rise and speak disparagingly then I should want to get up and say, I thank God that we have been able to do so much. (Laughter and apiilause.) Thu PKEsinnxT: AVe should be very happy to hear Kkv. Da Tucker, a representative from Georgia. De H. H. Tuckee, of Atlanta : Mr. Pre.sident and Brethren, I have le p easure and honor of standing before you as a representative of the &outh-a representative in this sense, that I am a Southemer by descent for six generations, covering over two hundred years; a repre- amo^o"tli tetli. for I was born upon my grandfather’s plantation 1- « “°T ^ representative by residence, for there I ive and there I hope to die and there to lay my bones. I sympathize with le oil lerii peojile in all their notions and I always did, for which ask no pardon; for while I live I shall cling to my own. But why idd I say this, and why should I take such special pains to make it emphatic. I do it for a purpose. I do it because anything that may be said agreeable to you from so intense and thoroughbred a South¬ ern as^ t am, will be more acceptable th.an if it came from a “ half- reed. (Laughter and applause.) And now having displayed my colors I have this to say, that while I sympathize with my own people and always did, I also do deeply, profoundly, tenderly sympathize wi 1 you. I recognize you as Christian people and therefore as my re iren. I recognize you as Baptists and therefore doubly ni'y -brethren. “ Blest be the tie that binds Our hearts in Christian love, The felloAvship of kindred'minds » Is like to that above.” This IS my Father’s house, and I am at home, and I recognize you as 252 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. a part of the great family, after wliom the family in Heaven is named; and it fills my soul with delight to think that I have the honor to be counted as one of vou. I have a good home awav off yonder in Georgia, but my best home is anywhere where I find the people of God, and I would say that there and here I am at home. (Applause.) I represent the South, or at least a jiart of it, in another sense. The Baptist Convention of the State of Georgia apjiointed five of its members to meet you here. Five were appointed and six have come. (Laughter and applause.) One was thrown in for good measure, to make sure. That body entertained some little doubt for a moment as to the propriety of accepting the very kind and couiieous invitation which was sent to us from you here, on the ground that it miglit im¬ ply some dissolution of our own Southern organization. But that doubt Avas soon dissipated, and when it was, the A^ote by AAdiich we Avere sent here Avas unanimous, and it Avent up Avith a shout that rent the very vault of Heaven and made the house tremble. (Ap¬ plause.) AVe are sent, sir, to meet you here to convey to you the Christian and fraternal salutations of that body, and their congratu¬ lations on your having completed your fiftieth year; and Avhile per¬ haps Ave may think that j^our methods have not ahvays been wise, Avhile perhaps we may think if you had taken counsel from us your work might have been more efficient than it has been, vet Ave thank God for the good you have done; and our prayer is, that your influ¬ ence for good may Aviden and deepen, year after year, and decade after decade, till Jesus comes; and in the meantime Ave watch and Avait and do not Avonder that the work of the Lord prospers in your hands. We Avork under different organizations, and Ave are pro¬ foundly convinced of the wisdom of this, and Ave desire that arrange- meiit should continue, and that it should be perpetual; but Avhile Ave Avork in separate companies our objects are the same, our methods are the same, and our Aveapon, the truth of God, is for ever the same. AYhen the Northern AAung of God’s great army of Jiaptists makes an advance, and Avhen they achieve a victory, the shouts of triumjfli are heard from the Southern Aving as Avell. Stand to your colors, and Ave shall be sure to stand by ours, but above us all there floats one grand, glorious banner, the banner of the Cross, and under that and around it we all rally and thank God for the iirivilege and the glory of it. But I came, sir, not to occupy your time. I am here sini 2 )ly as a messenger, simply as a correspondent, and am here, as are also my colleagues, to be the bearers to you from the Baptist Convention of • the State of Georgia, of their salutations, congi-atulations, and greet- PROCEEDINGS—REPRESENTATIVES OF STATE (^INVENTIONS. 258 mgs on tins, your day of jubilee. It is not for me to give directions to yoLU- proceeamgs, but 1 would be glad if, before we separate, you would unite with us in singing one verse at least of the favorite soim- ot the South : ^ “ Blest be the tie that binds . Our hearts in Christian love.” (Apiilause.) The hymn Avas then sung. The Pbesiuent : We should now be hapjiy to hear from Rev. Dk St™, b Convention, the Lone Star e , but he hasn t a lonely appearance himself. (Laughter.) Dr. C. C. Chaplin : Mr. President: I am in a very bad fix. I lave got to perform a task almost equal to wearing a suit of the President s c othes. (Laughter.) I have got to say what I want to say, and my heart is full of it, about Texas, and to tell how our hearts lejoice as we recall the past, and remember that this Society in 1840 T B^iptist missionaries to our land, and laid broad and deep the foundation upon which we are building to-day. I reioice in being able thus to speak. I would that others who know more of It could teU you about it. I can only say this, however, that as I ook upon that map and think how you are interested over on this side ot the Mississippi, and remember that all of the United States yarly IS on the west side of it, I must urge you to look at it, and study It, and understand the great work unto which you are called With regard to my own State of Texas, coming from the Rio Grande river here, juy south of New Mexico, you can travel on a straight hue a thousand miles and still be in Texas. It is as large as New ngland, and all of that country up there, and it is filling in rapidly, iirty-two years ago the Baptists were numbered by the tens and twenties, and now we have 1,200 churches and 150,000 Baptists • and we are working with our hearts and hands now more than ever uiissionaries in the pay of the State Convention, reporting to us regularly. This year we have fif- een, and it is due in a great degree to the fact that this Society at our solicitation, gave us $3,000, upon which to operate ; and we are giving them dollar for dollar, and we are enabled to say that in tour pars we will double, or treble—well, I never ivas good at figures— u you can tell the difference between three and fifteen, and vou will have the difference in our work last year and the work which we are now accomplishing, (Applause.) And, fellow-soldiers of the Cross, I rejoice in this great jubilee, and thank God I am a Bajitist, 254 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. when we have had such cheering reports from all sections. Texas, sir, congratulates you—congratulates (Laughter.) We are proud of ourselves. God grant that great success may crown our eftbids, and that the time may come w hen all kindreds and all peoples under the wdiole sun shall join in one acclamation of praise to God, wdio so loved us as to give His Son to die for us, and who says to the faithful worker, “Well done, good and faithful servant, enter thou into the joy of thy Lord.” The President : We should now be happy to hear from the Lev. Mr. IMaples, wdio is here, representing the ^Missouri State Conven¬ tion. Rev. J. C. jMaple : IMr. President : I don’t know why it is that vou w^ant to make more than one of me. I am in the singular number, and there is not enough of me to make two, and I hope, therefore, that you w ill correct that. I am here, somewhat differently situated fi’om the brother wdio spoke of Georgia a little wdiile ago. The Baptists of ^Missouri apjiomted five men to ajopear here, and in¬ stead of the whole five and one throwm in, I am the only one of them here. I am sure I cannot rejiresent those men. I regret exceed¬ ingly, sir, that they are not here. They are all better men, and better capable of representing the 90,000 Baptists of that State. I wish to go back a little in Avhat I have to sa 3 \ In July, 180(3, there w^as a little Baptist church formed at a jilace just above the confluence of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. It was then the only church or¬ ganization, other than Catholic, betw^een the great river and the Pacific Ocean. A very short time elapsed. Those hardy frontiers¬ men went into the great forests of that country and felled dowui the trees and erected for themselves a house of w'orship. It w^as the only house standing in that grand Territoiy. The church afterw'ard passed out of existence ; but out of the first log that was laid in that first chapel, erected in all that grand Territoiy, I have had, sir, this little instrument made ; and I wdll pass it over to you (presenting a mallet to the President) and the Baptist Home ^Mission Society. (Ap¬ plause.) I wdsh to sa}', sir, that among the active deacons of that church was one man conveided by the preaching of Spencer H. Cone, so that there is a sort of connecting link between that church and this one. (Applause.) Now% sir, in the seventy-six years that have passed since the organization of that one little body of less than a dozen men and w^omen, there are 300,000 Bii^itists West of the . ^Mississippi River. (Applause.) We have in the State of Missouri PROCEEDINGS REPRESENTATIVES OF STATE CONVENTIONS. 255 alone over 90,000 Baptists ; and, thank God, we are doing- as we were taught when boys, “ hoeing our own row.” Last year we spent over $11,000 in Missouri State Missions, and there was but one State in the Union that raised for its State Conventions more money than we raised in Missouri. That was the State of New York ; and we say we will beat you this year if you don’t put your shoulder to the wheel. (Applause.) A\'e mean work, sir. I know there are a great many people who take delight in telling us what naughty ” things we do in Missouri; but we will, by the grace of God, do the best we -can for the work. We deserve all the ‘‘cuffing” we get. We may prove what the Scriptures have said, “Whom the Lord loveth He chasteneth, and scourgeth every son whom He receiveth, ” W^e mean work for Christ ; and we extend our hands to you, and behind those hands beat 90,000 warm hearts, cheering you on in your work, bidding Aou Godspeed, and praying that in the next fifty years the liiogiess may be much greater than it has been in the jiast. (Ap- jilause.) 1 HE President : I have the pleasure of introducing the Rev. Mr. Boeey, a representative of the Colored Convention of South Caro¬ lina. Rea. H. N. Bouev : Mr. President and Brethren of the Home Mission Society: I am glad to be Avith you to-daA", and to hear the stirring speeches, and to meet you on this, your semi-centennial. I am here to convey to you the congratulations, on this occasion, of the Baptist Educational, Missionary and Sunday-school Convention of South Carolina. I was apj^ointed to be here in the last session of that convention, and I have not the Avords to exjiress the gratification that it aftords me to meet you here. Having noticed someAvhat your Avork ill the South and especially in South Carolina, I feel, and I declare here, that there is no work more calculated to benefit the Freedmen of the South than the Avork of the Home Mission Society. We have receh-ed benefits from it for the last seventeen ^^ears, and know Ave have imjiroA^ed. Brethren, we simply ask you to extend to us this help a feAv years longer ; and Ave will then be able to stand on our feet and work vitli 3 "ou for Home and Foreign Missions. HaAung piepaied no speech and not expecting that I should be called upon, I simply thank you for the opportunity of extending the congratula¬ tions of the Convention I represent. (Ajiplause). The President: I. have great pleasure in introducing to you the Rea . Br. Bitting, avIio represents the Maryland State Convention, — 25G FIFl'IETH ANNIVERSARY. the only man amoii" us avIio ever administered the ordinance of %/ o baptism in the river Jordan. Dr. C. C. Bitting, of Baltimore: Mr. President and Brethren: I don’t know how to begin. Perhaps I might as well begin by refer¬ ring to this incident. The baptism performed in the Jordan accom- jilished two purposes. It proved that there is water enough left in river to administer baptism as Baj^tists are wont to administer it. In the second jJace, one of the parties wished to be baptized, and it was the first body of water that we came to. Let me say that much now; and that I was very glad to learn that one of those whom it was my privilege to baptize under the skies that witnessed the baptism of Jesus Christ himself, made her first subscription on her return, for the sum of $1,000, through a Baptist organization, and laid it at the feet of Jesus Christ. (Applause). Mr. President, I have been perplexed. It has seemed to me that never in the days of my life have I been so near Pentecost as I have, within the last few days—that Pentecost when the promise was veri¬ fied to the servants of the Lord Jesus Christ on the day at Jerusalem in prayer. It seems to me to be a rather singular thing; I have heard men with accents and intonations and inflections in the different languages of the earth. I listened to my good brother, a former classmate—an honor to me, none to him—who crossed the line and was the representative of Canada. As a native born Ameri¬ can, and a Pennsylvanian, I am called out here. I won’t be stigma¬ tized as a half-breed by my own brother, much as I love him, for J3aptists have no half-breeds (laughter and applause) ; but I come from Maryland to represent it; one of the delegates from the Southern Baptist Convention, and yet a native born Pennsylvanian, representing the South. And so it is all through. I meet brethren here from the South, and from the North, and from the East, and from the Mest; Indians, and our colored brethren with the blood of Africa almost pure flowing in their veins; Spaniards and Frenchmen; and I do believe, Sir, that the promise will be verified; and it kindles my faith that, as sure as God lives, the whole world shall be filled with His glory and filled with His truth, and that the prayer in which we join, “ Thy Kingdom come. Thy will be done on earth as it is in Heaven,” is on its way to fulfillment, God moving before us and call¬ ing His hosts to follow on. There was a meaning in portraying tliat canvas, large enough to fill the vision from every part of this audience room. There is a meaning in it. No man can take it ah at once; we must take it })art by part, luece by piece; but Brother President, will they tarried PROCEEDINGS-REPRESENTATIVES OF STATE CONVENTIONS. 257 you permit me to say—for as I go on thinking about it, it enlarges— our hearts are alongside of yours and we would lay them on Gods altar in consecration; our hands grasp yours, whether from the North, or the South, or the East, or the West; all, all are grasped and linked together, until the time shall come when we shall stand in the light of God’s throne, and at that great crowning of the King of kings, our voices be joined in praise to Him who has redeemed us through His blood, and whose promises, every one, in every jot and tittle, have- been kept and not one unfulfilled;—and all of us join in the prayer, God bless your work because it is His work and ours. (Apjilause). The President: We regret that the time forbids our inviting' reju’esentatives of each of the States which have honored this Society by sending delegates to it to speak. We must have time to prepare- for the evening. * I wish to call your attention now to the fact that the Report of the Board has not yet been adopted. Are you ready for action uj^on the report ? On motion the Report of the Executive Board was adopted. Rev. a. Blackburn, of Indiana: Mr. President: May I make a motion ? I want to move the reconsideration of the vote of this morning by which we passed upon the report of the Committee on Place of Meeting. I move that we reconsider the vote by which we are to go to Saratoga, and if it is in order I will give you my reason for making the motion. My reason is this: this Society is holding the first meet¬ ing of the anniversaries. It is known to all of us that we came to New York this year out of respect to this Society. Now, I think we make a mistake if we, as a Society, fix absolutely the jdace where we shall go; because to follow us is the Publication and the Foreign Missionary Societies, and it seems to me we ought to leave this optional with our Executive Committee. It is not that I object to going to Saratoga; but I do object to setting this precedent of say¬ ing absolutely where we shall go. I therefore move the reconsidera¬ tion of the motion. The motion was reconsidered. It was moved and seconded that the jilace of meeting of the Society for next year be referred to the Executee Board with power. The motion was carried. Dr. D. G. Corey; I have a resolution to offer: “Resolved, that we express our thanks to the First Baptist Church of New York City for 258 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. the use of their house of worshiji, and for the ample 2 :)rovision they have made for our accommodation during- the Jubilee Meeting ex¬ ercises of the American Baptist Home Mission Society.” The resolution was adopted. The Committee on Enrollment reported over 800 names em’oUed. (See list of members and delegates in attendance.). The Convention then sdng the following Jubilee hymn, written bv Dr. Sydney Dyer, of Pliiladelphia, and adjourned to meet in the Academy of Music in the evening. JUBILEE SONG. Tune: WEBB. I. Across tlie broad savannahs, , From vale and mountain dome, King out the glad hosannas ; The shouts of harvest home. The seed was scattered weeping, Broadcast from sea to sea ; And now in joyous reapings, We sound our Jubilee. II. The millions hither surging, From every land and race, Are met with gentle urging, T’ accept a Saviour’s grace ; And, lo ! in manj^ a dwelling. The gladsome sight we see, Of happy converts, swelling Salvation’s Jubilee. III. How sweet the Gosiiel preaching Wherever man may roam ! But oh ! the joy of teaching The love of Christ at home ! Then keep the chorus ringing. Till all the world shall see This ransomed nation singing Bodemption’s Jubilee ! PROCEEDINGS-THE LESSO: S OF FIFTY YEARS. 259 EIGHTH SESSION. Friday Eyening, May 2G. JUBILEE EXERCISES- ADDRESS—POEM—HYMN. [As it became apj^arent that the church would not accommodate the multi¬ tudes who desired to attend the closing session of the Jubilee Exercises, the Academy of Music was secured for the occasion. An immense audience filled the great building to overflowing. Delegates from State Conventions and other distinguished visitors, to the number of about 150, occupied the platform. After the meeting was called to order by the President, Kev. Dr. J. A. Broadus, of Kentucky, oftered prayer. The President then introduced M. B. Anderson, LL.D., President of the University of Eochester, who delivered the closing and crowning address. Then followed the Jubilee Poem, by Kev. Sidney Dyer, Ph.D., of Pennsylvania. The exercises closed with the singing of a Jubilee Hymn, written for the occasion by Prof. W. F. Sherwin, of Ohio, and the bene¬ diction was pronounced by Eev. Dr. K. S. MacArthur, of New York.] JUBILEE ADDRESS. By M. B. Andekson, LL.D., New Youk. THE LESSONS OF FIFTY YEARS. Men pass away, but institutions, when they incarnate great moral and religious truths, are as enduring as human society. The. founders of such institutions die, and their unfinished worh is handed over to their successors. But their labor, their sacrifices, their purposes and ideas, their fears and their hopes, are consecrated by the passing years, and constructed into sacred ej^ics, which live, in the memor}^ control the thought, and inspire the activity of those whom the Providence of God calls to enter iqion the blessed inheri¬ tance which these founders leave behind them. The recollections of 260 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. fifty years of Christian sacrifice, thought and service crowd upon our memories to-night, as they are associated with the past history of our Home Mission Society. Me would devoutly thank God for this blessed inheritance. It wiU be for us and our successors ‘ ‘ a posses¬ sion for all time.” But we may not spend the hour in congratulations upon the suc¬ cesses of our past history. Our responsibilities for the present and the future are so stern and heavy, that we may give but a passing notice to the far-seeing and able Christian men who laid the founda¬ tions and shaped the superstructure of this Society. Their work lives, and forms a monument more enduring than brass or marble. Could the long procession of our departed fathers speak to us from the abodes of gloiy, they would sternly rebuke all fulsome eulogy of their lives and labors. The spontaneous chorus breaking from their lips would be, “ Not unto us, not unto us, but unto thy name, O Christ, the Saviour, be all the glory ! ” Standing as we do upon the threshold of the twentieth century of our era, it becomes us, like soldiers entering upon a severe campaign, to examine our position and resources, to estimate the forces of our enemy, to invigorate our courage and zeal by calmly surveying the issue of the impending conflict, and the terrible consequences of a failure in duty on our part. Uj) to 1832, the efforts of the Baptist tlenomination for the spread of the Gospel in North America were sporadic and unconcentrated. Individuals, churches, associations, state conventions, labored with energy and effect, but without that continuity and vigor which a large organization alone can secure. We may never forget, however, the self-denial and consecrated earnestness .which characterized the efforts of those men and women, who in the face of fines and im¬ prisonments, laid the foundations of our denomination, rent the Church from the State, and established “ freedom to worship God. Our fathers in the ministry, too, who without regular salaries, with scanty resources of education, sought out the colonial settlements and preached the Gospel to the destitute, vindicated their claim to be the successors of the Apostles, more effectively than by any commission they could have received from an earthly prelate. At the 23eriod of the formation of this Society, the necessity for concentration in the work of Home Missions had become impera¬ tive. It was clear from manv indications that our countrv was en- tering upon a stage of growth hitherto unparalleled in vigor and rapidity. Seven years before, by the enterprise of this Empire State, PROCEEDINGS-THE LESSONS OF FIFTY YEARS. 2G1 tli6 Erie Canal had. connected the water of the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean, and every acre of land in the Northwest had been trebled in value. In 1819 an American steamship had crossed the Atlantic. In 1829 the Dutch had shown that steam navigation be¬ tween Holland and the West Indies was practicable and economically profitable. In 1838 the Great Western entered New York harbor, as the precursor of the vast fleets of steamships which now vex the the waters of every sea. The very year of our Society^’s birth saw the commencement of railroad and telegraph systems. Our fathers were in sympathy with these great providential events, which were soon to make a new distribution of the population of our States, and to precipitate so many millions of people from the Old World upon our shores. They foresaw the future and organized their scantv resources that their coming responsibilities might be met. These responsibilities they shared with other Christian bodies. We shall not be deemed unmindful of what other organizations of evangelical Christians have accomplished, if, on the present occasion, we confine ourselves to the consideration of our own history, work and duties. -Let us, then, address ourselves to-night to a rapid survey of the field before us ; the motives which impel us to action; and some of the methods in ivhich our responsibilities are to he met. THE FIELD BEFORE US. Our field of action is so vast, that it is difficult to compass it in the imagination. We are accustomed to compare our country with the great States of Europe, without thinking that in superficial area and •capacity to sujiport population, it is larger than all of them united. We have measured ourselves by our population, rather than by the enormous area into the empty spaces of which the people of the Old AVorld are pouring with a rapidity which finds no parallel in the world’s history. You will pardon me for presenting a few facts in detail, which may aid us in bringing be¬ fore our minds and emphasizing the importance of the awe-insjiiring mission with which God has entrusted us. Without taking account of the Arctic territory of .Alaska, our country includes an area of 3,034,399 square miles in extent. Excluding Russia, European Turkey, and the insignificant and disorganized States south of Russia iind east of the Austrian Emi3ire, we find that the nations and States of Austria, Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Greece, Sweden, Norway, Great Britain and Ireland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium and Denmark, comprise altogether 1,478,540 square miles of 2G2 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. territory— or less than one-haJf the area of our country, Alaska, as I have already said, being excluded. The population of these nations whose tenitory has just been esti¬ mated is about 217,956,500 souls. These nations, with less than one- half of our area of land, are weighed down by national debts amounting to nearly sixteen thousand mittiojis of dollars. Their pro¬ ductive capacity is reduced, also, by standing armies computed at 1,954,334 men. The men composing these armies are withdrawn from profitable labor, and supported by the taxation of their fellow- subjects. Those also who are nominally engaged in the arts of peace are, at any outbreak of war, liable to a conscription which may double or treble these vast and expensive armies. It is this tre¬ mendous pressure of money taxes and army service which is the main agency in forcing the hundreds of thousands of emigrants from Eui’ope to our shores. As migration from these countries is increased, the burden of taxes and army service upon those wlio remain will grow heavier, and the prudential motives inducing emigration will accumulate in a rapidly augmenting ratio. Besides, the cost of transportation is constantly becoming less, and our continent is con¬ stantly developing new attractions, which are set forth in the immense correspondence of the emigrants with the relatives and friends left behind them. The cost of the transportation of agricultural pro¬ ducts from our Western States to the sea-coast, and thence to Europe is constantly becoming cheaper, and the supply more abundant. This lias the effect to reduce prices in the European markets, and by con- secpience to diminish the rents of farming lands, and the demand for agTicultural labor. Landed estates are thus becoming less desirable as investments, and capital is finding its way in great amounts to our country. The labor which this capital has employed must follow the capital itself which crosses the Atlantic. In the same proportion that large landed estates become unprofitable, will the political in¬ fluence connected with their possession pass away. The transporta¬ tion into Europe of the agricultural products of our Western States is now quietly and silently undermining the aristocratic organization of European society, and bringing more jjnd more of the younger sons of the nobility and gentry to our shores in search of wealth and position. The money centres of the world have been steadily tend¬ ing westward since the dawn of European civilization. Never has this tendency been so strong as it is to-day. A sober induction of economical facts points us to the conclusion that at no distant day New York will replace London as the commercial metropolis of the PROCEEDINGS-THE LESSONS OF FIFTY YEARS. 26S world, and that the population of the British Islands will become in¬ significant and provincial relatively to the great body of English- speaking people which will crowd the vast areas of Australia, Canada, and the United States. From these considerations—and many more might be added—we are driven to the conclusion that the tide of the Old World’s popula¬ tion, whose flow towaid our country has been so deep and strong* for the last fifty years, is but the ripple of a mountain brook compared with what the next half century will show. When our Society was formed, fifty years since, our population was about thirteen millions. We have now fifty millions, an increase of nearly fourfold within this time. Is it unreasonable to expect, in view of the motives to emigra¬ tion to which we have alluded, that the centennial of this Society will see our population augmented to two hundred millions ? The character of the immigration presents by no means a fair average of the moral and intellectual condition of the countries from which it conies. It is notorious, that by the connivance and by the agency of the local authorities of various European States, and by the criminal carelessness of our own government, jiaupers, criminal, insane and idiotic persons have reached our country in large numbers. In our own State nearly three-fourths of our dependent classes are of foreign birth. We are now supporting paupers from every country in Europe. Assuming—what is true—that the great mass of these immigrants will become honest and productive citizens, we cannot and ought not to be blind to the fact, that the influence for good of these healthy additions to our population is, in a great degree, neu¬ tralized by the elements of evil by which they are accompanied. With the sober, thoughtful. God-fearing, and industrious immigrant, we are absorbing into our population the French Communists, who barely failed in their effort to extinguish the life of the new French Repub¬ lic, in robbery, anarchy, and blood. We have the Nihilists, who have reduced murder to an industrial art. They are beginning to try the effect of their imported infernal machines upon the homes of peaceful New York citizens. With these have come the Sunday con¬ cert and the beer garden. The barbarous terms ‘‘Boycotter” and “ Mollie Maguire” have been added to our vocabulary, and practical illustrations of their significance have been supplied. The brigands and lazzaroni of Southern Italy have accompanied the peaceful Pied¬ montese and Savoyards. Our Mormon harems are recruited among the ignorant peasants of Scandinavia and Great Britain. With all the capital and labor which the Old World is giving us, we are re- ^04 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. ceivilig a vast amount of the most dangerous population which its centuries of misgovernment have developed. Our Pacific Coast con¬ fronts the over-populated deltas of Eastern China. In spite of the new' intei’iiretations of solemn treaties wuth which Congi’ess has been struggling, under the inspiration of that eminent publicist, Mr. Den¬ nis Kearnev, and his confreres of the “Sand-lots,” the Chinese will sooner or later force themselves ujion our care and attention. In this survey of our field of labor, w'e mud not be unmindful of these agen- t7)rs.—H. B. Alley, I. Anderson. Mrs. E. B. Bennett, J. J. Bronson, L. Smith Brown, C. C • Frost, T. A. T. Hanna, Mrs. E. S. Hill, Miss Edith Howard. Mrs. J. L. Howard, Miss May Howard, Mrs. Edward Lathrop, E. J. MillT, John Naylor. C. N. Nichols, E. M. Ogden, Mrs. E. M. Ogden, Mrs. A. W. Palmer, Miss A. L. Snelling. Mrs. S. T. Snelliug, R. H. Weeks, Mrs. S. M. Whiting, R. E. Whittemore. NEW YORK. Life Dtrechn-.s.—J. Burnett, A. D. Bush, N. Judson Clark, A. Coit, D. C. Eddy, J. F. Elder, J. N. Folwell, J. N. Griffith, W. P. Hellings, D. C. Hughes. Miss Ella Linde, F. C. Linde, R. T. Middleditch. J. Henry Miller, J. C. Overhiser, Wm, Phelps, Wm. Reid, J G. Richardson, G. Schulte, C. P. Sheldon, Smith Sheldon, Catharina L’hompson, John Thompson, James M. Whitehead, W. R. Wright. Life Members —a . N. Adams, J. Barstow, A. K. Batchelder, Mrs. C. C. Bishop, W. W. Bliss, C. W. Brooks, J. J. Browner, J. H. Burr, S. S. Constant, H. A. G .rdo, D.G Corey, B. F. Crane, J. W. Crumb, Mrs. S. S. Cutting, Bertha E. Davey, G. W. Dorrance, F. A. Douglass, H. J. Eddy, Erastus Evez’ett, S. T. Farnham. Geo. Fisher, Emily S. Gale, T. A. Gessler, C. G. Gurr, Mrs. C. G. Gurr, W. T. C, Hanna, Sam’l T. Hillman, C. E. Hiscox. E. T. Hiscox, Miss Ellen Hogan, G. E. Horr, Jr., James Huggins, John Humpstoue, R. B. Hull, H. P. Hunt, H. Hutch¬ ins, Mrs. G. W. Jones, D. B. Jntten. R. B. Kelsay, O. C. Kirkham, H. M. King, A. G. Law- son. O. Lindh, H. C. Longyear. H. G.Masou, W. R. Maul, Mrs. W. S. Mikels, F. S. Miner, R. B. Montgomery, T. J. Morgan. J. J. Muir, C. C. Norton, A. S. Patton, D. C. Potter, A. M. Prentice, Christopher Rhodes, T. F. Riley. Northrop Rose, J. H. Sage. G. W. Samson, E. L. Scofield, J. T. Seeley, L Selleck, John Sheridan, J. Byington Smith, L Smith, P B. Spear, S. H. Stackpole, H. E. Stevens, W. F Taylor, Andrew Ten Brook, J. B. Thomas, H. R. Tram, E. Trott, W. C. Van Meter. B. J. Warner, hirs B. J. Warner, Horace Waters, J. S. Webber, J. D Warner. E. S Wheeler, S. P. White, iMrs. S. P White. J. W. Whitehead, Samuel Williams and wile, D W. Wisher. Delegates from Shite Cotimntioa.—T. El win Brown, R. B Hull, A. G. Lawson, Wm. Reid. Delegates from (thurckes. —Samuel Ahuan, J. M. Bruce, E. S. Buckbee, E. E. Chivers, A S. Coats, D. Crosby, Rutger Dox, T. H Fearey, J. Gould, L. A. Greene, J. C. Grimmell, Mrs. C. E. Hall, E. J. Haynes, WaylandHoyt, L. W. Jackson, J. W. Martin, W. D. McKinney, H. Miller, Hal¬ sey Moore, J. B. Nairn, J. S. Nasmith, Wm. Nuttrall, C.B Perkins, D. I. Phillips, L. Rich¬ ardson, H. M. Sanders, D. Sheldon, Francis Shei’er. T. Simpkins, W. H. Sloan, G. A. Smith, J. Cyrus Thoms, E. Tompkins, H. Trumpp, W. F. Wakefield, R. W'alker and wife, E. R. Waterbury, G, E. Weeks, T. J. Whitaker, Ged. Whitmore. J. L. Williams. Visitors —Miss E.A.Aldrich, A. W. Ashley, G. C. Baldwin, Mrs. E. T. Barrett E. L. Bentley, J. F. Bigelow. Mrs G. L. Blackford, W. C. Boone, Ocland Boyle, J. B Brown, W. H. Brown, Mrs, E. S. Buckbee, Mrs. M. A. Burch, A. H. Burlingham, Mrs. Butler, Augusta Carto, Thos. Chester, Mrs. T. L. Coles, C.V. D.Cornell, O. E. Cox, H.A.DeLand, Nettie Densmore, Mrs. C. Ferguson, Mrs J. C. Foley, J. K. Folwell, N. Fox, F. C. Freeman, L. R. Freeman, F. H. Gates, Mrs. E. J. Goodspeed, Miss M. Greene, Mrs C Goetchious, G. H Hansell, Robert Harris, F. Heisig, Mrs. C. B Hill, H. H, Hunt, E. T. Jacobs, J. R. James, Mrs D B Jutten, Miss L. E. Knight, L. A. Long. J. G. Maeder, H. Miller, Mrs. R B. Montgomery, E. Mrs B Morehouse, Mrs. S. L. Nott, Howard Osgood, E. F. Owen, F. B. Palmei’, E. E. Parmlee, Mrs. JohuPeddie, AnnaE. Pierson, T.D. Ramsey and wife, Mrs. E.J. Rennick, C.A. Rice, M. Ritch. H.M. Schaf¬ fer, G. A. Schulte, Jr., E.A. Skillen. Wm. Spellman, Mary A. Staples, A.W. Stockwin, A H. Strong, A. S Taylor, Etta E Van Allen, Mrs G. W. Van Allen, Lilly A. Van Allen, F. K. Van Tassel, H. C Vedder, Mrs. E, Wi.sner, Mrs. A. D. Westervelt, Jos. Weston, Z. P. Wilds, W. E. Witter. NEW JERSEY. Life Dir'etors —Henry Brittain, W. W. Case, Jas. S. Ladd, H. H. H. Marsh. W. H. Parmly, H. F. Smith, C. B. Stout, C. W. Waterhouse. Life Members. —A. Armstrong, Mrs. C. L. Armstrong. J. Janies Baker, J. F- Brown, J. C. Buchan¬ an, F. T. (^ailhopper, J. M. Carpenter, J. L. Davis, E. J. Foote, Geo. Gault. U. B. Guiscard, A. S. Gumbart, W. D. Hedden, Andrew Hopper, G. L. Hunt, E. Everett Jones. C. F. Linde, Robert Lowry, A. C. Lyon, J. K. Manning. W. M. Mick, G. W. Nicholson, A. Parker, D. S. Parmlee. Syrena S. Parmlee, J. W. Sarles F. A. Slater, S. G. Smith, A. B. Still. Asa Suydam, T. E. Vassar, S. Walker, S. Washing!'in, E. .1. Woods, D. J. Yerkes. Delegates from State C invention. —James Buchanan, E. J. Foote, Wm. Humpstone, H. F. Smith. Delegates from Churches. —J. C. Allen, E. H. Bronson. O. G. Buddington, S. L. B. Chase, S. L. Cox, O. P. Eaches, Mrs U. B. Guiscard, G. Knobloch, Wm. Lawrence, G. T. McNavin R. W. Per¬ kins, D. F. Runyon, F. Sievers, E. D. Simons, Augustus Stete, G. H. Woolston. Visitors. —E. Anschutz, T. S. Barbour. L. J. Bridgman, C. Brinkerhoft'. Mrs. E. H. Bronson, Mrs M. Isabel Buchanan, Mrs. S. L, B. Chase, Samuel Colgate, H. E.Day, S. Dyer, A. Estabrooks, W.W. Everts, R. N. Fairfax. L. B. Hartman, R.W. Hughes, Mrs. D. M. Humpstone. G. John¬ son, Wm. Kent, Mrs. F. Lightfoot, Mrs. .4. Parker, H. Steelman, H. B. Steelman, Frank Tor- rey, Henrv Wescott, Alex. Wilev, Sr. 288 FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. PENNSYLVANIA. Life Directors.—George Cooper, John E. Craig, J. O. Critchlow, J. M. Pendleton, W. R. Scott, Thos. Swaim. Life Members. —Emerson Andrews, J. W. T. Boothe, Geo. Callagher, W. H. Conard, J. S. Evans. G. J. Johnson. H. W. Jones, Levi Knowles, H. V, Lincoln, John Miller, Mrs. C. S. Pendle¬ ton, Mrs. E. M. Swaim, B. D. Thomas, Alanson Tilden, G. H. Trapp, H. L. Wayland. Delegates from State Convention. —Geo. Cooper, Mrs. John Miller. Delegates from Churches. —J. H. Chambers, E. K. Cressy, Geo. Haslett, J. L. Ray, W. S. Roberts T. J. Siegfried, David Wood. Visitors. —F. K. Atwood. C. H. Banes, Mrs. C. H. Banes, Miss Louise Banes, Wm. Biicknell, Mrs. J. H. Chambers, S. A. Crozer, Michael Frayne, J. S. Gubelmann, Mrs. L. Knowles, Mrs, A. S. Lam, E. L. Magoon, Edward McMinn. DELAWARE. Life Director. —Richard B. Cook. Delegate from Church. —B, MacMackin. MARYLAND. Life Mimbers. —Harvey Johnson, J. W. M. Williams. Delegates from State Convention. —C. C. Bitting, Harvey Johnson, W. S. Pennick, B, Weaver, J. W. M. Williams. Visdtor. —Mrs. J. W. M. Williams. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Life DiVecfor.—Samuel H. Greene. Delegate from District Convention. —Samuel H. Greene. r».s’it6r.—Mrs. M. L. Olcott. VIRGINIA. Visitor. —A. E. Dickinson, Mrs. A. E. Dickinson. WEST VIRGINIA. Lif Members. —J. W. Carter, Henry Langford, W. E. Powell. Delegates from State Convention. —J. W. Carter, Henry Langford, W, E. Powell, F, P. Robertson. Visitor. —R, M. Strickler. NORTH CAROLINA. Delegate from White State Convention. —Thos. H. Pritchard. Delegate from Colored State Convention. —J. 0. Crosby. Delegate from Church. —Joshua Perrj-. Visitor. —J. B. Taylor. SOUTH CAROLINA. Delegate from State Convention. —J. A. Chambliss. GEORGIA. Delegates from State Convention. —A. J. Beck, J. G. McCall, G. A. Nunnally, H. H. Tucker. Visitor. —G, K. Allen. FLORIDA. ALABAMA. Delegate from State Convention. —E. T. Winkler. Delegate from Colored State Convention. —Wm. A. Burch. Visitor. —Polk Harris. MISSISSIPPI. Life Member. —Chas. Ayer. Visitors. —Mrs. Chas. Ayer, J. W. Bozeman. MEMBERS AND DELEGATES IN ATTENDANCE. 289 Life Director.—^m. Carey Crane. Delegates fi'om State Convention.—Q. Powell. TEXAS. C. Chaplin, Wm. Carey Crane, E. Keifer, O. C. Pope, W. D* INDIAN TERRITORY. Fisiior.—Nathaniel Potts. OHIO. S- Moxom, S. B. Page. William Sher- Delegates from State Convention.—Samuel W. Duncan, P. S. Moxom, W. C. P. Rhodes. Delegates from Churches.—W. H. Alexander, Elton Hoyt, J. R. Owens. ^'*'M7s\'^b^RtSelS’. Duncan, H. C. Marshall, J. D. Rockefeller. INDIANA. Life Membei-s.—Alex. Blackburn, I. N. Clark. Deleg-xCsfrom State Convention.-Alex. Blackburn, I. N. Clark, C. E. W. Dobbs, Lemuel Moss. Delegates from Churches.-Mxe. C. E. Blackburn, J. H. Higby, Mrs. M. B. Rush. W. J. Williams. ILLINOIS. Life Directors.—D. B. Cheney, Mrs. J. N. Crouse, Wm. M. Haigh, P. S. Henson. Life Members.—E.. C. First, Edward Goodman, J. L. Jackson, Justin A. Smith. Delegate from State Convention.—S. L. Jackson. Delegates from Churches.-Mrs. J. S. Dickerson'. John Sheldon, J.W. Weddell, Mrs. J. W. Weddell Fisitors.—O. P. Bestor and wife. KENTUCKY. Delegate from State Convention.—Solm A. Broadus. Delegate from Colorado State Convention. —W. J. Simmons. TENNESSEE. Life Directors.—Thos. C. Teasdale, L. B. Tefft. Delegate from State Convention. —Thos. C. Teasdale. Visitor. —G. D. Olden. MICHiaAN. Life Mernbers.—Thos. Baxter, C. C. Bowen, Supply Chase, Jas. Cooper, P. Forbes. Mrs. E. H. Haskell, Samiiel Haskell, John S. Standish, L. H. Trowbridge. Delegates from State Cowuentfow.—Supply Chase, Z. Grenell, Samuel Haskell. Delegate from Church.—Kevv B. Tupper. Visitor.—E. P. Eldridge. WISCONSIN. Life Director.—A. F. Mason. Life Memher.—\L. H. Hanchett. Delegate from State Convention.—A. F. Mason. MINNESOTA. Delegate from State Convention.—. Whitney. * IOWA. Delegates from State Convention,—E. D. Proper, T. F. Thickstun MISSOURI. Life Member. —S. W. Marston. Delegates from State Convention.—C. L. Butts, J. C. Maple. Fwifors.—C. B. Crumb, Wm. Harris, R. S. Holman. 290 FIFTIETH ANXIVEKSARY. ARKANSAS. Delegates from State Conwntion. —K. S. Janies, W. D. Mayfield. Visitor. —Airs. R. S. James. KANSAS. Life Members .—Robert Atkinson ami wife, H. K. Stimson. Delegates from Stnte Convention .—Robert Atkinson, H. K. Stimson. Visitor .—Robert Atkinson. Jr. DAKOTA. Delegate from State Convention .—Edward Ellis. COLORADO. Delegates from Churches. —0. M. Jones, Mrs. Mary AI. Jones. WASHINGTON TERRITORY. Delegniefrom Church. —Jas. A. AVirth. Visitor .—Dwight Spencer. UTAH. CALIFORNIA. Life Meinb r. —J. Q. A. Henry. Delegates from State Convention. —G. S. Abbott. J. Q. A. Henry. Visitors. —J. S. Bromley and wife. Airs. Alaggie A. Henry. OREGON. Lfe Member. —J. C. Baker, Fisitor.—Clay M. Hill. NORTH PACIFIC COAST. Delegate from State Convention. —J. C. Baker. BRITISH COLUMBIA. Visitor. —Airs. J. D. Demarest, ONTARIO. Life Member .—John H. Castle. Delegates from Convention .—Richard A. Cameron, P. AIcDiarmid. Visitor. —E. AI. Keirstead. NOVA SCOTIA. INDIA. Life Directors. —Airs. H. AI. Chandler, J. H. Chandler. Visitors. —W. AV. Campbell, R. R. AA'illiams. Deleg'ate.s from Women’s Home Mission Societies. C. Elizalxdh Butler, Airs. De Herseey, Airs. .Anna Sargent Hunt, Aliss E. E. Johnson, M Andrew Pollard, Airs. A. S. Quinton. Missionary Societies. A. L. Therrein, Grande Ligne Alission Society, Canada. Southern Baptist Convention. J. B. Taylor, Henry Taylor. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE American Baptist Home Iission Society FOR FIFTY YEARS. BY « HENRY L. MOREHOUSE, Correiiponding Secretary. CHAPTEE I. Homp: Mission Beginnings among Baptists in Ainieriga. ‘‘ First the blade, then the ear, after that the full corn in the ear.”—Markiv. 28. The rise of Baptist Home Missions in America is according to tlie Scrijitural law of development. The blade, the ear, the full corn in the ear, are seen in orderly succession. “ First the blade ”—indi¬ vidual effort; ‘‘then the ear’’—associated effort of individuals or churches ; ‘ ‘ after that the full corn in the ear ”—matured, organized effort. From the formation of the lirst Ba 2 :)tist Churches in this country—in Rhode Island in 1689, in Massachusetts in 1663, ir^ New York about 1669, in Maine in 1682, in South Carolina in 1683, in Pennsylvania and New Jersey in 1688, in Connecticut in 1705, in New Hamjishire in 1755, in Virginia in 1763, and in Vermont in 1765 — we ffnd t h g_ missionary spirit manifesting itself in caring for “ the regions b e^mnd. Throughout the New England colonies, esjie- cially, preaching by itinerant Bajitist ministers, is considered by the “ standing order ” in the early times, an “ intrusion ” that “ threatens 292 HISTORICAL SKETCH. the peace of the town.” To aveii this danger, these disturbers- of the peace, as in the case of Eev. Mr. Marshall, of Conn., are put in the stocks for aggression on parish lines, and “ for preaching the Gospel contrary to law.” “The Great Awakening,” under Jonathan Edwards, Whitefield, and the Tennants about 1740, is just in line with the great truths in¬ sisted on by the Baptist Churches of the time. About 1700, Rev. Isaac Backus, a great Baptist name, of Middle- borough, Mass., inflamed wdth missionary zeal, carries the Gospel to new settlements in New Hampshire and to the neglected regions of his own State. In ATrginia Rev. William Fristoe makes frequent and extensive missionary tours, saying in the spirit of true Christian hero¬ ism, “ Neither winter’s frost nor summer’s heat is to be dreaded ; the frown of men and the rage of devils must be borne, when the object is the winning a bride for, and the espousing of souls to Clirist.” A little later. Rev. Abel Hosnier itinerates in Central New York, “ traveling night and day, in heat and cold, snow and rain, through dismal fields and unbeaten roads, oftentimes liungiw, wet and cold, without any prospect of pecuniary reward.” These are examples of many who, in the earlier years of our denominational history, are seen, like John the Baptist, “crying in the wilderness,” and proclaiming to a people nurtured in the formalism of the time, the stirring, the searching truths of personal repentance, faith, and the new birih. The Philadelphia Association, organized in 1707, the oldest Baptist association in this country, early devotes attention to “ granting sup¬ plies to destitute Churches,” and in the middle and latter pari of the century appoints missionaries for other sections. The Charleston S. C., Association, organized in 1751, recommends to the Churches in 1755, that contributions be made for the support of a missionary itinerant, and sends its messenger to Philadelphia, to secure the ser¬ vices of Rev. John Gano for this purpose. Associations in New Eng¬ land also assist in the cultivation of new fields. The Shaftesburv Association of Vermont, organized in 1780, one of the most impor¬ tant Associations of this period, embracing not only Vermont but a portion of ^Massachusetts and North-Eastern New Y^ork, sends Rev. Caleb Blood on a three months missionary tour through Central New York to Niagara, across into Canada, and thence homeward—“preach¬ ing about as many sermons as he was absent days.” In 1800, four¬ teen women—some Baptists, some Congregationalists—unite to form “ The Boston Female Society for Missionary Purposes,” raising the HOME MISSION BEGINNINGS. 293 fiist year $150 for home missions. It has been remarked “ that the very first organization in this country, distinctively missionary in char¬ acter, of which any record is preserved was of women; and, character¬ istically women of Boston.” And now, united effort on a larger scale is put forth by a number of brethren, who, not by appointment of their churches but by their own voluntary action, as individuals, meet to confer on the subject. The result of such conference is the organization in the sjiring of 1802, of the “ Massachusetts Domestic Missionary Society,” the first organ¬ ization of its kind among American Baptists. The object of the Society, as defined in its Constitution, is, “ To furnish occasional preaching’ and to promote the knowledge of evangelic truth in the new settlements in these United States ; or further, if circumstances should render it proper. It is the day of small things. But men get ready the dis¬ taff, believing that the Lord will send the flax. One of the number is on record as saying, “If we can do no more, we can at least send one mis¬ sionary for the term of three months:’ The Society’s field, in time, ex¬ tends beyond Massachusetts, into Maine, Lower Canada, Western New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, and Missouri. Of the first three missionaries this year, Kev. Joseph Cornell goes to Western New York and Canada, reporting on his return through New York that he traveled six hundred miles without meeting a minister of the Gospel; Kev. Mr. Trip goes to Maine, and Rev. Mr. Case to Vermont. In 180(1, some of the missionaries of this Society have pro¬ ceeded westward as far as the Holland Purchase, and the Western Re¬ serve, considered at this period “the extreme limit of civilization in the west.” The managers of the Society announce that there are “no limits to their exertions, except the boundaries of the great and ex¬ tensive country in which ’it is their happiness to live,” and that, “under the influence of feelings which will know neither East nor West, North nor South,” missionary aimointments are made. Ihe Lake Baptist Missionary Society” is org'anized at Pompey, Onondaga Co., N. Y. in response to a call for a meeting to consider the propriety of forming a society “ for the prosecution of the missionary enteim’ise in the destitute regions around.” In 1809, the name is changed to The Hamilton Missionary Society, and it becomes the second large organization of the kind in this coun¬ try. In 1821, The Baptist Domestic Missionary Convention of the State of New York is organized ; these two bodies uniting in 1825, to form The Baptist Missionary Convention of the State of New York. These organizations, separately or after their union, sustain / 294 HISTOKK'AI. 8KETCH. missionaries in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Canada, and Wisconsin. The tirst missionary is appointed for two months at $4 per week. At the second meeting of the Hamilton Missionary Society, in 1809, the treasurer reports $170 as the receipts for the year. A circumstance occurs in 1812, which gives great encourage- ment to the Society*. A committee from “ The Hamilton Female IVlissionary Society ” are received and present the following communi¬ cation : “ To the Directors of the Hamilton Baptist Missionary Society : “ Brethken : Being sensible of the lost situation into which the human family have plunged themselves by the fall, and that the only way of their re¬ covery is through faith in the liedeemer, and that it has pleased God, by the foolishness of preaching, to save them that believe; and that faith comes by liearing, and hearing by the word of God, and being instructed that they that preach the Gospel shall live of the Gospel, we have thought it our duty to assist you in your laudable efforts to disseminate the Gospel among the destitute, for which purpose we present you with twenty yards of fidled cloth, and wish you to receive it and dispose of it for the above purpose. And may the great Head of the Church increase our zeal and bless your endeavors for the advancement of His kingdom. “ By order and in behalf of the Hamilton Female Missionary Society, ‘‘ Freedom Olmstead, “ Betsy Payne.” Other female missioiiaiy societies are formed, and in 1814 these devout women present to the Board articles of their own manufacture valued at $148. “ She hath done what she could.” In the closing years of the last century and the early years of the present, in the remote West—the Valley of the Mississippi—a few ministers, widely scattered, are toiling with no commission save that of the Master, and no dependence for support save that which He j)romised. Among these are Rev. James Smith and Rev. Janies Lemen. Later, we find Rev. Jesse James in Arkansas, and Rev. Benjamin Clark and Rev. F. Rodgers in ^Missouri, laboring with great devotion and success. The latter, writing as a missionary of the Society in 1883, says that for fourteen years he has preached in Missouri, “for which time and service I have received as remuneration $28 and some small presents. In the first settling of this countrv I had to encounter a great nianv difficulties, there being no roads nor bridges, and but a few ferry¬ boats. I had to swim creeks, sleep sometimes in camps and cabins without doors, i^reach under the trees, etc. But myself and one or two other brethren preached a great deal in the infant settlements, and when a sufficient number of disciples could be gathered, we HOME JriSSION BEGINNINGS. 295 formed them into small eli arches. But amidst all the difficulties and exposure of my health, I have seen some happy seasons of refreshing from the presence of the Lord, and have had the pleasure of baptizing nearly 500 in the course of fourteen vears. ” The great quickening of the missionary spirit in American Baptists IS occasioned by the conversion to Baptist views, in 1812, of Adoniram Judson and Luther Bice, and by the return of the latter from India in 1813, to announce the fact and secure organized effort for their support. In 1814, “ The General Convention of the Baptist Denomi¬ nation in the United States of America for Foreign Missions ” is foimed. Luther Rice is made its general agent. Returning Rom extensive tours in the West and South, he says : “ Not only do I conceive it proper that a misffion should be established in the West, on account of the importance of tlie region in itself, but indispensably necer^mry to satisfy the wishes and expectations of pious people in all parts of the United States.’’ This is in 1815. The Board, un¬ willing to take the res 2 )onsibility of establishing a mission in Mis¬ souri Territory, await instructions from the Convention in Philadel¬ phia in 1817 (the meeting being triennial), stating, however, in their report that they think it “ expedient ” and “ l^eneficial ” to extend the powers of the Convention, so as to embrace home missions. Accordingly, the constitution is altered as follows, to take up this work : “ The Board shall have power, at their discretion, to appropriate a portion of their funds to domestic missionary purposes, in such parts of this country where the seed of the Word may be advantageously cast, and which mission societies, on a small scale, do not effectively reach.” Rev. John M. Peck and Rev. James E. Welch, who, with intense interest, have been awaiting this decision, are set apart, with most solemn and impressive services, Sunday, May 25th, 1817, as missionaries to the far West. One thousand dollars are aj^propriated for their traveling expenses and for the su 2 )port of the mission. In their instructions to the missionaries, the Board express the con¬ viction that— “Western as well as eastern regions are given to the Son of God as an in¬ heritance, and that His Gospel will triumjjh amid the settlers of the Mississippi and the sublimer Missouri, and extend to all the red inhabitants of the wilder¬ ness.” But the home mission work of the Convention is brief. At the next meeting, in 1820, the Burman Mission and the founding of Columbian College at Washington are the absorbing topics. The treasury is 296 HISTORICAL SKETCH. low, jealous opposition in the West makes itself heard, and the Con¬ vention decides to discontinue appropriations to the Western field. In 1826, the Convention returns to its special sphere of service, foreign missions, retaining in this country only its mission to the Indians. From 1820 to 1832, therefore, whatever is done in home missions is through the agency of local organizations, general associations, and State conventions. Before the organization of the Home Mission Society in 1882, fourteen State conventions are in existence. These are the Massachusetts Convention, organized in 1824, independent of the Baptist Missionary Society of Massachusetts, which was organized in 1802 ; the New York Convention, formed in 1825, by a union of societies as alread}^ stated ; the South Carolina Convention, organ¬ ize^ in 1821 ; the Connecticut Convention, organized in 1823, the outgrowth of a society formed in 1814 ; the Ne^v Hampshire Conven¬ tion of 1825, the outgrowth of a society formed in 1819 ; the New Jersey Convention of 1830, an outgrowth of a society dating back to 1803 ; the Virginia Convention, organized in 1822 ; the Vermont Convention, organized in 1824 ; the Rhode Island Convention, or¬ ganized in 1825 ; the Maine Convention, in 1824, springing out of a society organized in 1804, whose germ in turn is found in the Bow- doinham Association of 1789, which in 1799 is developed into the “ Gospel Mission,” and provides a missionary for the destitute paids of the State ; the Georgia Convention, organized in 1822 ; the Ala¬ bama Convention, organized in 1823; the Ohio Convention, organ¬ ized in 1826, the outgrowth of a society in existence two years earlier ; the North Carolina Convention, organized in 1830. In¬ cipient measures are adopted in other States, looking to the forma¬ tion of conventions; as in Indiana and Michigan, the former having an organization in the fall of 1832, the latter in 1835, as the out¬ growth of a society formed in 1832 ; Tennessee in 1833; Pennsylvania in 1836. The need of a general organization for the reinforcement of these few soldiers on the frontiers, and for the svstematic cultivation of the field, becomes more and more apparent. CHAPTER II. Fifty Years Ago. Call to remembrance tlie former days.”_Heb. x 32 The contrasts between the state of thino-a iqqo i nu later are hardly appreciated by this T ^ to the futuie than to the past. Measured by the milestones of dis TJZl progress, 1832 is more remote from us than le le 1 p-im Fathers from the generation of fifty years ago ' ventir fo?The'r"'""' r“ of the Con- ention tor the organization of the Home Mission Society we fieri men coming from their remote parishes where evening medines are theToX^f looting curiou^si; at intoZv l 1^25 was first introduced tioT, *1 • means in general use. The fric- 1011 match, iiivented in Europe in 1832, is as yet unknown in this uu ry, and the sexton of the church starts the fire by means of a are still m progress as to the best means of burning coal stoves and furnaces for this purpose being yet laide in construction and un- Z W wood YoT foot-stove, filled with file haid wood coals, is carried to church by the worsliippers In portions of southern New York and northwestern Pennsylvanhi peopto gather Seneca oil ” from the surface of streams, selling it for medici¬ nal pui poses, little dreaming of the miUions of gallons stored in twenty-seven j^ears later. \Vater for table use in Hew York CMv ia ni'.f i ^ .l 1 u j-oiEii^y IS obtained from town oumDs ..n 1 ^ ^ made a miserable attempt to supply the city 1 iwa ei puinped up and stored in reservoirs. Not until 1835 does “ ““ ”“»• "• "»• ~»i« little ®o“’^“tion, most of the delegates have traveled httle or no aster than did Paul on his missionary journey neaHy 1,800 years before. The Erie Canal, begun in 1817 , coiiipfeted in J. t/ 298 HISTORICAL SKETCH. 1825, conveys passengers by its packet boats, with frequent changes of horses, from Buffalo to Albany in six or seven days. Fulton’s first steamboat was launched about twenty-five years before the organiza¬ tion of the Society. Fifteen years have ])assed since the whistle of the steamboat was first heard at St. Louis. Eight or ten steamers move slowly about on Lake Erie. In 1819 an American steamboat crosses the Atlantic The first steamship to leave Liverpool for New York is the Sirhts, in 1827. Barely do men go to Europe except on business. The summer ffight of pleasure seekers has not yet begun. The first locomotive is constructed in this country in the latter part of the summer of 1829, and Peter Cooper’s improved locomotive in 1830, when sixteen miles of railroad are completed between Albany and Schenectady,—the number of miles for three or four lines in the entire country increasing to 131 in 1832. Members of the Conven¬ tion who pass over these roads sit in momentary fear, lest a “ snake- head” from the upturning of the strap rail shall thrust itself through the floor of the car. No fraternal telegrams are received from distant conventions in session at the same time, for though in this year of our Lord, 1832, Prof. Morse announces his great invention, he must wait twelve years, until doubt has laughed itself out, before the first telegraph wire is laid between Washington and Baltimore. The post-boy’s horn is heard throughout the land, and a cut of this mail-carrier, on his galloping steed, is at the head of the news columns of the newspaj^ers of the da 3 ^ Three or four weeks, and sometimes much longer, are required for letters from many parts of the Mississippi Yalle\^ Correspondence is expensive. Postage on a single letter for thirt}' miles or less is six and a quarter cents ; over thirt}" and under eight}' miles, ten cents ; over eighty and under one hundred and lift}' miles, twelve and a half cents ; over one hundred and fifty and under four hundred miles, eighteen and three-quarter cents ; over four hundred miles, twent^'-five cents; and double rates for ever}' additional piece of paper ; and, if the letter weighs an ounce, four times these rates! Hence, for the sake of economy, the Society, instead of enclosing checks in letters to missionaries, has the printed form at the top of the letter, which the missionary tears off'. Envelopes for letters are unknown. Tbe population of the city of New York, where the Convention meets in 1832, is about 220,000, and that of the entire country less than fourteen millions; of whom about 330,000 are free colored people, and a little more than two million slaves. The only State FIFTY YEARS AGO. 299 west of the Mississippi is Missouri ; while east of the river, Michi¬ gan, Wisconsin and Florida are yet territories, and Minnesota is un¬ named and almost unknown. The census of 1830 gives a population in the five States of Ohio Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, and Wisconsin, of 1,470,018, where fifty years later the census-takers find 11,206,668 people. Chicago, which was first laid out in 1830, and in 1831 contained about a dozen families, besides the officers and soldiers in Fort Dearborn, is not organized into a town until the year after the organization of the Society, when the whole number of voters is twenty-eight. The Pottawatomies, a tribe of Indians numbering several thousands, occupy the adjacent country. Large Indian tribes dwell in the older parts of the country, as the Creeks, Cherokees, and Choctaws in Georgia and North Carolina, the Seminoles in Florida, and other bodies in Michigan, Indiana, and Illinois. The financial condition of the country at this time is deplorable in the extreme. The advocates of the United States Bank scheme have secured the passage of the bill by Congress. Jackson’s memorable veto follows in July, 1832. Subsequent differences between the President and Congress bring on a panic in business circles. The Society’s bark is launched into a financial sea lashed to fury by con¬ flicting opinions. All things considered, it ma}^ be regarded a suc¬ cessful year’s work that the Society in 1833 could report $6,586.73 receipts. Political circles are profoundly agitated. The great debate be¬ tween Hayne and Webster, in 1830, has been as scattered seed, bearing its appropriate fruit according to the soil in which it fell. This year the celebrated Nullification Act of South Carolina is passed, and the General Government and the State authorities narrowly escape armed collision. Before 1830 slavery has been abolished in aU the Northern States. The abolition of slavery in England occurs the year of the Society’s birth, and the growing anti-slavery sentiment of New England takes form the following year in the Anti-Slavery Society. About this time also, in the religious world, important and dis¬ tracting movements are gaining strength. Mormonism has just begun its active career in Western New York, where “The Book of Mormon” was pubhshed in 1830. Millerism, so called after Bev. William MiUer of Vermont, who now appears before the jiublic as a lecturer on the second coming of Christ, is sweeping through the churches, producing heated debate, discussions, divisions. Camp- 300 HISTORICAL SKETCH. bellism, so named after Alexander Campbell, who may be said to have founded the sect calling themselves Disciples, in 1827, is spreading through the tiers of States bordering on the Ohio Paver, and draws largely from Baptist churches. In Indiana an unkempt but vehement minister of the AVabash Valley has drawn after him large numbers, styled Parkerites, whose anti-Sunda^^-school, anti-mission, ultra-predestination views constititute one of the most formidable obstacles to missionary effort. This obstructive element extends into Southern Illinois and Missouri, and into the States of Kentucky and Arkansas. And Romanism in St. Louis and other Western points has sought to pre-empt the Mississippi Valley for herself. The religious destitution in the West, whither emigration is rapidly tending, is very great. Rev. John M. Peck, who has already, spent years of service in the West, estimates “that aU the ministerial labor performed in the Baptist Churches in the Valley of the Missis¬ sippi, is probably not more than equivalent to that of 200 pastors in the Eastern States.” Many ministers are secularized. As a rule, the churches in this region have preaching once a month. An early report of the Society, prepared by Dr. Going, estimates the difference in ministerial service enjoyed by the churches as follows : “ The churches in New England and New York, six-eighths of the time; the Middle States, except New York, three-eighths; the Western States, one-eighth.” The difficulty of getting accurate denomina¬ tional statistics for this early period in the West is apparent. But according to best rej^orts, Ohio shows 280 churches, lOG ministers and 10,493 members ; Michigan, 17 churches, 13 ministers and 6G7 members ; Indiana, 299 churches, 201 ministers and 11,334 mem¬ bers ; Illinois, 161 churches, 123 ministers and 4,622 members ; Missouri, 146 churches, 93 ministers and 4,972 members ; Missis¬ sippi, 84 churches, 39 ministers and 3,199 members; x4rkansas, 17 churches, 5 ministers and 181 members ; while Wisconsin, Iowa and regions beyond, are a blank in the denominational tables. The whole number of Baptists in the United States in 1832, according to the most accurate information obtainable, is 385,259, who are gathered into 5,322 churches, and include 3,647 ministers. Of this number the New England States report about 65,000 ; New York, New’ Jersey and Pennsylvania, about 75,000 ; the South¬ ern States, about 213,000 ; and the Western States, about 32,000. Not a large proportion of the ministers have enjoyed the benefits of a liberal education, though men of thorough scholarship ai-e found among them, and pulpit orators of great power. Brown University, FIFTY YEARS AGO. 301 dating back in name to 1804, but in fact to 1776 ; tlie Institution at Watei-^ille, Maine, to 1813 ; the Institution at Hamilton, N. Y., to 1820 ; Newton Theological Institution, to 1825 ; the New Hampton Literary and Theological Institution in New Hampshire, to 1826 ; the Furman Theological Institution in South Carolina, to 1826 ; Columbian College in the District of Columbia, to 1821 ; together with lesser institutions, furnish evidence of the activity of the de¬ nomination to provide suitable advantages both for general education and the bettei education of the ministry. From the older institu¬ tions able men have been graduated, and the array of talent in the Convention, called for the organization of the Society, compares not unfavorably with that of later years. In this time, whose general features we have merely outlined, the American Baptist Home Mission Society comes into existence, as the providential agency for the concentration of the efforts of the denom¬ ination, in the contesting with irreligion and error the possession of this land, in supplying destitute regions with Grospel privileges, and in laying religious foundations for the populous future of the continent. CHAPTER HI. The Forerunner of the Society, John M. Peck, D.D. “The voice of one crying in the wilderness.”—John i. 23. “ There were giants in those days.” John M. Peck was one of them. Litchfield, South Farms, Connecticut, has the honor of being his birth-place, Oct. 31st, 1789; and St. Louis, Missouri, that of being the resting-place of his literally worn out frame, from which his heroic soul takes its departure, March 14, 1857. Following him in the principal steps of his career, we see him in 1811 removing Avith his wife to Wind¬ ham, Greene Co., N. Y., where, after careful study of the Scriptures, they leave their home in the Congregational Church and unite with the Baptists. At once his gifts attract attention; he is licensed to preach, and in 1812, at Catskill, is ordained. The year before his ordination he has preached at five stations 174 times, receiving in all for his ser- A’ices $05.95. In 1814 he goes to Amenia ; at the Warwick Associa¬ tion in 1815 hears Luther Rice, the returned missionary companion of Judson ; takes him to his OAvn home; becomes imbued with the mis- sionai’A' spirit; engages to visit associations in Central NeAV York in the interests of Foreign Missions; resigns at Amenia in 1815, and devotes himself assiduously to study, including Greek and Latin, Avithout the aid of a teacher, except for a feAV Aveeks; receives a letter from Rice about engaging in the Western Mission contem¬ plated by the Board of the lYieimial Convention, and AAuiting to the Corresponding Secretary, Hr. Staughton, in 1816, thus commits him-* self to the enterjirise : “Ever since I have thought upon the subject of missions I have had my eye upon the people west of the Mississippi, particularly the Indian nations, and have ojten wondered why no attempts were made to send the Gospel to them. I have often thought that if it was my lot to labor among the heathen, the Louisiana-purchase, of all parts of the world, would be my choice.” The Convention of 1817 decides to undertake the work and our youthful hero of tAventy-eight, who has been almost sleepless from suspense concerning the issue of the discussions, AAufites in his diary: THE FORERUNNER OF THE SOCIETY. 303 I have now put my hand to the plow. O Lord may I never turn back—never regret this step. It is my desire to live, to labor, to die as a kind of pioneer in advancing the Gospel. I feel the most heavenly joy when mv heart is engaged in this work.” The appoiiitniGiit made, desij^'nation services over and arrais^e- ments completed, on July 25tli, LS17, this only son, bidding* a tender adieu to his sorrowing parents at Litchfield, sets out with his wife and three little ones in a small one-horse wagon for their long and wearisome journey of 1,200 miles, never expecting to see again on earth the loved ones left behind. Through Philadelphia, Pittsburg, Wheeling, Chilicothe, Lexington, Louisville, Vincennes, Kashaskia; in storms, over unbroken roads, through vast stretches of wilderness they go, until December 1st they reach their destination in St. Louis. Here he is on mission ground indeed. This city, founded by papal priests as one of the strategic outposts of Eome, long guarded by tlie same power so that only those having priestly passports could cross the river from the east, is the abode of rampant wickedness and in¬ fidelity, which even dares to engage in the mock celebration of the Lord s supper, and burns the Bible amid coarse songs and blas¬ phemy. “ The Sabbath never has crossed and never shall cross the Mississippi, is the common boast, and, as in most Catholic countries, hilarity is the order of that da}^ A few godly men are found. In 1818, a Baptist Church is organized in St. Louis. Soon an association of Churches is formed and at once John M. Peck comes to the front with his missionary plans, ably sup¬ ported by his co-laborer, James E. Welch. At the second meeting' of o the association in 1819, the following entry appears in the minutes; ‘‘Heard a plan, drawn up by Brother Peck, to promote the Gospel and common schools, both among the settlers and the Indians in this country, which plan, we think, would be highly useful and which we earnestly desire to see carried into effect.” It is called “The United Society for the Spread of the Gospel.” Its three funds are the Education fund, the Indian fund, the Mission fund. The plan of the society is approved by the Illinois Associa¬ tion October 10th and by the Missouri Association October 24th. To Society the first ever organized west of the Mississippi for philanthropic and missionary purposes—John M. Peck devotes himself with tireless energy. In three 3 'ears he has secured the establishment of fifty good schools where previously most inferior ones or none whatever existed ; he has introduced a system of itinerant missions,” as “ the truly apostolic mode ” of supplying in a 304 HISTORICAL SKETCH. measure the religious destitution of that region; Sunday-schools and “ ^lite Societies ” are organized ; a college is projected, inasmuch as “ the education of the ministry is of primaiy impoiiance in all new countries;” collections for the Indian fund are taken and applied to the supjDort of Rev. Isaac IMcCoy, missionary to the Indians in the Wabash country; extensive missionary excursions made ; while all the time constant vigilance is necessary to overcome the anti-mission spirit which is creeping in from Kentucky and fostered by illiterate antinomian preachers who oppose these “ new fangled notions,” con¬ cerning Sunday-schools, Bible and Mission Societies, as unscriptural. One of these opposers, more frank than many, objects on this wise to the active missionaries : “ You know the big trees in the woods over¬ shadow the little ones; and these missionaries will be all great, learned men, and the people will go to hear them preach, and we shall all be put down. That’s the objection.” Complaints from these anti-mission people reach the Triennial Convention in 1820. These with other causes already mentioned, lead to the withdrawal of sup¬ port from the Western IMission. Idle missionaries who have gone to this field for life, are left with¬ out pledged support. Their surprise and disapjiointment are great. What shall be done ? A kind, touching Christian letter is written by Mr. Peck to the Secretaiy, setting forth the poverty and the “ deplora¬ ble destitution ” of the field, and closing with these words: “I do not see how I could leave this region, for St. Louis must not be relinquished by the Baptists. ” Six montlis later comes the cool and formal answer from the Secretary of the Board. Hope from this quarter is gone. Karly in 1822 he opens correspondence with lirethren in Boston, and the same year the Massachusetts Baptist ^Missionary Society ap¬ point him as t’leir missionary—salaiw, five dollars per week. Now, somewhat relieved from anxiety, he is at work again with marvellous^ energy. His work is multifarious. Take one journey as an illustration: “ I have been absent from home fifty-three days; have traveled through eighteen counties in Illinois and nine in Indiana, rode nine hundred and twenty-six miles, preached regular sermons tliirty-one times, besides delivering several speeches, addresses and lectures. I have been enabled to revive three Bible Societies which would never have been recognized but for my visit; to establish seven new Societies; to visit and give instruction in the management of two Societies which had been formed without my aid, and to provide for the formation of four others. I have aided in forming three Sabbath-school Societies, and in opening several schools where no Societies exist, and improved many important opportunities to aid the great cause in various ways. Now, Lord, give me both gratitude and humility, that I may praise Thee for all my THE FORERUNNER OF THE SOCIETY. 305 success, and seeing my own weakness and insignificance may sink into the dust of self-abasement, that I may never be proud or vain! ” In connection with his missionary labors, as is shown by the fore¬ going extract, he acts as agent of the Bible Society. Writing to the Massachusetts Society in 1824 he says: “My mind is often deeply impressed with the thought that I am laboring for future generations; and that the principles inculcated and the habits intro¬ duced in the Baptist Society in this country, will last for ages. Under what high and weighty responsibility should every professor, and particularly every preacher, act, who lays the foundation in a new country.” The vision of the future fills his mind. In 1825, when Illinois and Missouri contain less than 400,000 souls, he predicts that in 1875 they will contain 3,000,000. But the calculation is far exceeded by^ the fact, for the census of 1B70 gives 4,261,186, while the census of 1880 shows 5,246,251 in these two States! After nine years labor in the W^est he returns East to arouse the people by his powerful 2 ^ersonal appeals, to aid in evangelizing the West, and, as is commonly stated, to effect a general organization for Home Mission work. We find him at the Triennial Convention in 1826. At Worcester, Mass., he spends a night with Dr. Jonathan Going memorable night in the annals of Home Missions in America—though no record of what was said is jireserved. And now he is before the Massachusetts Society, at its meeting in Bald¬ win Place Church, Boston, exiffaining and advocating a j)lan for missionary operations in the West; now on a three months’ tour among the Churches in Massachusetts, Bhode Island, Connecticut, and Eastern New York; and again back, after nine months absence, to his field of labors, with nearly a thousand dollars pledged for the Rock Spring Seminxry, which is established the ensuing year, and in which he becomes Professor of Theology. Early in 1829 he issues “ The Pioneer.” He is now practically director of missionary ojeerations over a large region; superintendent of Bible distribution and Sunday- school work; manager and teacher in a seminary, and editor of a jiaper; in addition to which he i^i'oposes a “ Guide for Emigrants,” ^ireaches frequently and carries on a voluminous corresjiondence. No wonder that under these burdens he breaks down in 1831. It seems almost jirovidential that he should be compelled to sus- jiend some of his labors at this time, that op 2 :) 0 rtunity might be given for the consideration of other matters. June 20th, 1831, “ Elder Jonathan Going, of Massachusetts,” arrives at his home; sent out by the Massachusetts Society to explore and rejiort on the western I 306 HISTORICAL SKETCH. field. Ten years have passed since Mr. Peck’s first appointment by this Society; five years since these men met at Worcester, though they have been in frequent corresjiondence. Now, for about three months, they are in consultation, traveling in all weathers over large por¬ tions of Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky, separating in Sep¬ tember at Shelbyville, where Mr. Peck writes in his journal: '^Here \oe agreed on the j)lnn of the American Baptist Home Misiiion Society'' Of his subsequent labors for the Colonization Society; for the pro¬ motion of temperance; in publishing a gazetteer of Illinois; in I)e- half of Alton Seminarv; of his a^enev in securing from Dr. Shurt- left’ of Massachusetts $10,000 and a conditional pledge of $10,000 more for the Institution that was to bear the donor’s name; of his part in the organization of the Illinois Edycation Societ}", we have not space to speak in detail, but must refer the reader to Dr. Dab- cock’s T^Iemoir of Dr. Peck, to which we are indebted for most of the foregoing facts. Let it be remembered that all these things have been done by a man not yet forty-eight years of age, and we get some idea of his enormous labors and of the meaning of the entry in his journal, on his fiftieth birthday: am now an old man.” Upon the organization of the Home Mission Society he becomes its exploring inissionary in the West. At one time he agitates tlie organization of a Western Home Mission Society to cooj^erate with the General Society; succeeds in the formation of a Western Bible and Publication Society; and in 1843 is chosen Corresponding Secre- taiy of the Baptist Publication Society. After two years of service in this position he returns to the West, engaging in literary labors, preaching to blacks as well as to whites, being instrumental also in the organization of the first German Church in St. Louis in 1849. Ill the condagration that destroys Rock Spring Seminary his valu¬ able accumulations of documents and curiosities are swept away. Harvard University honors him with the doctorate in 1851. From 1853 to 1854 he is Pastor at Covington, Kentucky, but failing health compels his resignation. He writes himself down as “ an infirm old man, sixty-six years old, but as frail and feeble as some men at eighty-six. ” Exposure and over exertion have told on his lungs and general health. In 1856 he mates : “ I am literall}' loorn out." This year his wife dies. On Sunday evening, March 14th, about the hour he had been accustomed to pronounce the benediction to his con¬ gregations, the Lord’s benediction is uttered to him, and he departs in peace. The fitting text at his funeral is : “I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith.” CHAPTER IV. The Organization of the Society. “When the fulness of the time was come.”—Gal. iv. 4. Looking back over the past, as sketclied in the preceding chapters, we perceive that the mind of the denomination had been prepared for larger plans in Home Mission work. It also strikes us as natural, that from the Massachusetts Missionary Society, which had taken up, and for ten years had carried, the Western work dropped by the Trien¬ nial Convention, should spring the movement for a national organiza¬ tion. Of Hr. Jonathaii doing’s particular agency in this movement, as well as other facts concerning him and his work, mention is made in a succeeding cha23ter. Suffice it here to say, that on his return from that Western tour of his in 1831, to which reference has been made, he gives to various brethren the result of his observations, and at the meet- ing of the Massachusetts Missionary Society in Boston, November, 1831, presents the case so strongly, that a resolution is ado 23 ted declar- ing that the Baptists of the United States oug’ht to form a general Society for mission work in this country, especially in the Valley of the Mississippi. It is also the formally expressed conviction of the brethren that Dr. Going should relinquish his pastoral charge and devote himself to the interests of the proposed Society. The meet¬ ing also proceeds to appoint a deputation, consisting of Rev. D. Sharp, D. D. and Rev. L. Bolles, D.D., of Boston, and Rev. Jon- ^ athan Going, of Worcester, to visit the City of New York for a con¬ ference with brethren there, particularly with meml^ers of the Board of tlie New York Baptist Missionary Convention, which also has missions in the West. Some of the delegation visit Philadelphia. The proposal to organize a general Home Mission Society meets with favor. All the circumstances clearly indicate what is the “will of Di¬ vine Providence” in this matter. lo make arrangements for learning, with the utmost promptitude and clearness, the sentiments of the denomination throughout the L nited States, a Provisional Committee is elected and a Constitution 808 HISTORICAL SKETCH. drafted for the proposed Society, subject of course to future revision. Of this Committee Rev. A. Maclay, of New York, is Chairman ; Rev. Jonathan Going, Corresponding Secretary ; William Colgate, Esq., of New York, Treasurer, and Rev. William R. Williams, of New York, Recording Secretary. A committee is appointed to jirepare a circular, embodying also the proposed constitution, “inviting the at¬ tendance of members of the denomination from all parts of the Union, at a Convention to be held in the Mulberry Street Baptist ]Meeting- hoLise, in the city of New York, on the 27th of April, 1882, for the purpose of giving to the Society a formal organization. ” This circu¬ lar is given to the denomination also through the religious papers. Nothing could be more complete and satisfactory for the purpose of ascertaining the views of the denomination. Five months are given for full discussion. The date selected for the meeting is at the appointed time for the meeting of the Baptist General Convention for Foreign Missions, when a large rejiresentation of prominent men from all sections of the country is expected. The attendance is larger than usual in anticipation of the new measures proposed. Pursuant to the call the meeting assembles at the appointed time and place. The General Convention suspends its exercises to give brethren opportunity to participate in the organization of the new Society. Notwithstanding the slow and tedious modes of travel at this period, when also the whole number of States is but 'twenty-three and the Territories five, fourteen States and one Ten’itory are repre¬ sented in this meeting. The Provisional Committee has alreadv held two meetings in the Oliver Street Baptist Church to gather up the results of discussion on the subject during tlie past five months, and to consider whether any changes in the Constitution are desirable. Special mention is made of a letter from Rev. John iM. Peck, giving his views on “the most suitable organization and mode of operations ”—a letter which evi¬ dently had weight witli the Committee, who modified several articles at the second meeting. Tlie Convention assembled in the Mulberrv Street Church, is called to order by l)r. Maclay; Hon. Thomas Stocks, of Georgia, is appoint¬ ed Chairman ; Rev. Nathaniel Kendrick, D.l)., of New York, is made Secretary, and Rev. W. R. Williams, of New Y'ork, Assistant Secre¬ tary. Secretaiy Going, on behalf of the Committee, makes a state¬ ment, submitting also the circular and the prepared Constitution. On motion of Rev. Silencer H. Cone, D.D., of New York, it is unanimously ORGANIZATION OF THE SOCIETY. 309 Resolved, That it is expedient to form an American Baptist Home Mission Society. At the first meeting the Constitution is discussed, and, with some slight changes, adopted. It is at first decided to limit the work of the Society to the United States, hut on motion of Bev. Adiel Sher¬ wood, of Georgia, its field is made ‘‘North America.” Hon. Hem an Lincoln, First Fresident of the Society. The meeting adjourns to the 28th to hear the report of the Com¬ mittee on nomination of officers. For lack of time to act thereon, a third meeting is held the evening of the 28th (these meetings being in the Oliver Street Church), when, in accordance with the rejiort of the Committee, the following officers are elected : 310 HISTORICAI. SKETCH. PRESIDENT - Hon. Heman Lincoln, of ^[AgsACHTTSETTR. Gen, Alfred Richardson, Me. Philip Brown. Esq., N. H. Hon. Geo. N. Brings, Mass. Hon. N. H. Bottum, Vt. Robert Rogers, Plsq,, R. I. Albert Day, Esq., Conn. Friend Humphrey, Es(i. N. Y. Hon. John Patterson, N. J. Levi Garrett, Escp, Penn. Thomas Baldwin, Esq., Del. William Crane, Es(p, Va. John Van Buskirk, Es(p, Ky. Hon. FTancis Duulavey, Ohio. Hon. Jesse L. Holman, Ind. VICE-rUESIDENTS : Dr. B. F. Edwards, Ill. Rev. Jeremiah Vardeman, Mo. L. D. Ring, Esq,, Tenn. Gen. Edward D. King, Ala. Dr. M. Cunningham, Ark. Ter. Hon. Thomas Stocks, Ga. Hon. Mr. Griffin, S. C. Rev. Thomas Hooper, I’rof. in Univ. of N. C. Enoch Reynolds, Esq., D. C. Hon. Caleb Eldred, IHich. Ter. 'J’l\omas Stokes, Esq., N. Y. Rev. Tames Leman, Ill. (Jornelius Paulding, Flsq., La. DI HECTORS : John Booth, Mich. Ter. John Standford, D. D., Jeremiah Chaplin, D. D., Pres’t. of Waterville College, Me. Benj. F''. Farnsworth, Prof, in Lit. and Archibald Maclay, Theol. Inst., N. H. Spencer H. Cone, Daniel Sharp, D. D., Mass. ('harles G. Sommers, Hadley Proctor, Vt. Bartholomew T. Welch, Francis Wayland, Jr., D. D., Pres’t. of C. C. P. Crosb}", N. Y. Brown Universitv, R. I. Elisha Cushman, Conn. N. Kendrick, D. D., Prin. of Lit. and Theol. Inst, at Hamilton, N. Y. Daniel Dodge, N. J. W. T. Brantly, D. D., Penn. J. P. Peckworth, Del. John Healv, Md. John Kerr, Va. S. M. Noel, D. D., Ky. George C. Sedgwick, Ohio. Rice McCoy, Ind. Hubbell Loomis, Ill. Thomas P. Green, Mo. Garner McComico, Tenn. Dr. Cooper, Miss. Alva Woods, D.D., Pres’t. of Univ. of Ala. Jesse Mercer, Ga. Basil Manly, S. C. Thomas Meredith, N. C. Stephen Chapin, 1). D., Pres’t. of Co¬ lumbian College, 1). C. Duncan Dunbar, “ Gustavus F. Davis, Conn. J. O. Choules, R. I. Lucius Bolles, D. D., Mass. Aaron Leland, Vt. Greenleaf S. Webb, N. J. John L. Dagg, Penn. David Jones, “ 0. C. Comstock, N. Y'. Elon Galusha, “ John Peck, “ Obadiah B. Brown, 1). C. Andrew Broaddus, Va. Irah Chase, Prof, in Lit. and Theol. Inst, at Newton, Mass. Wm. B. Johnson, S. C. Solomon Peck, Prof, in Amherst Col¬ lege, Mass. John M. Peck, Ill. Samuel S. Lynde, Ohio. Joel S. Bacon, Pres’t. of Georgetown College, Ky. ORGANIZATION OF THE SOCIETY 311 At a fourth meeting, pursuant to adjournment, on May 1st, tlie or¬ ganization IS completed by the election of the following officers- Ireasurer, William Colgate, Esq, of New York ; Auditor, GarratlN Bleecker, Esq ot New York ; Corresponding Secretary, Rey. JoL: R'^Wdr^’ f f; Recording Secretary, Rey. William -tC. Nv'imanis, of New Yorly. William Colgate, Esq., First Treasurer of the Society. Immediately upon the dissolution of the Convention, after the com- p letion of its work, the first formal meeting of the Society is held President Heman Lincoln in the chair. The officers elected by the 312 HISTORICAL SKETCH. Convention are appointed officers of the Society for the ensuing year, and at an adjourned meeting the same day, at the Oliver street Church, where the General Baptist Convention for Foreign Missions is still holding its meetings, the machinery of the Society is com¬ pleted by the election of the following Executive Committee : Rev. Archibald Maclay, Rev. Spencer H. Cone, Rev. Duncan Dunbar, Rev. Charles G. Sommers, Rev. C. C. P. Crosby, Mr. Charles L. Roberts, Mr. George W. Houghton, Timothy R. Greene, Es(j[. Mr. Nathan Caswell, Mr. William Winterton. Rev. Jonathan Going, Corresponding Secretary of the Societj’’ William Colgate, Esq., Treasurer “ Rev. William R. Williams, Recording Secretary “ The headquarters of the Society were fixed at New York, where they have always remained. For thoughtful minds, desiring to know how foundations of reli¬ gious institutions are laid, this detailed account of the proceedings attending the organization of the American Baptist Home Mission Society will ever possess a deep interest, as showing the care taken to get a full and fair expression of the denomination on this subject, the deliberation with which the work was done, and the em¬ inent men who participated in the organization. Conspicuous among those who take a leading part in the meetings are Rev. Dr. Sharp, Rev. Jonathan Going, Rev. James D. Knowles, Prof. Irah Chase, Rev. M. Jackson, Rev. E. W. Freeman, and Hon. Heman Lincoln, of Massachusetts; Rev. Dr. Mayland and Rev. J. O. Choules, of Rhode Island; Rev. G. F. Davis, of Connecticut; Rev. Dr. Cone, Rev. A. Maclay, Rev. Aaron Perkins, Rev. Elon Galusha, Rev. John Peck, Rev. John Blain, Rev. A. M. Beebee, Rev. Pharcellus Church,Milliam Colgate, Esq., and Thomas Stokes, of New York; Rev. Daniel Dodge, of New Jersey; Rev. John L. Dagg, of Pennsylvania; Rev. Adiel Sherwood and Hon. Thomas Stocks, of Georgia; while doubtless many others whose name do not appear in the annals, contributed of their wisdom to the conclusions reached. At once the Executive Committee diligently apply themselves to the work entrusted to their charge. For some time they meet every other day. Properly to introduce a new society to the churches, to secure the necessary contributions for its work, to organize every department so that no friction anywhere shall arise, is a difficult and delicate matter. jf' 31 I CHAPTER V. The Founder of the Society, Jonathan Going, D. D. ‘‘According to the grace of God which is given unto me, as a wise master- builder I have laid the foundation and another buildeth thereon.” 1 Cor. iii. 10. The man whom Providence conspicuously employs as the efficient agent in organizing the Society and directing its early course is Jonathan Going. The man and the time meet. We have glanced at the characteristics of the time. We now consider the man for the time. In the Vermont home of his parents, Captain Jonathan and Sarah (Kendall) Going, at Reading, Windsor County, the subject of our sketch was born, March 7, 1786. His grandfather, Robert Going (Gowing), came from Edinburgh, Scotland, and settled at Lynn Mass., and was admitted freeman in Dedham in 1644. Of Scotch extraction and New England birth and training, he is characterized by Dr. Hague, as a “ Scotch-Yankee ”—a combination which makes “ the prince of strategists.” After pursuing the usual studies in the common schools, he is enabled, by the help of his uncle, Rev. Ezra Kendall, of Kingston —who, like many others in aiding young men to secure an educa-' tion, little knows how much he is doing for the world—to prepare for college at the academy in New Salem, Mass. In 1805, at the age of nineteen, he enters Brown University, from which he is graduated in 1809. Converted in his Freshman year, and uniting with the First Bap¬ tist Church, Providence (Rev. Stephen Gano, pastor), April 6, 1806 he is impressed with the duty of devoting himself to the work of the ministry, and shows such devotion to religious affairs, both in the church and the vicinity, that before graduation he is regularly licensed to preach. For a while after his graduation he pursues theological studies uuder the President of the University, Rev. Dr. Messei, there being at the time no distinctively theological seminary among the Baptists of this country. 20 314 HISTORICAL SKETCH. f He returns to become a blessing to the unconverted household of which he is a member. Rev. Ira Pearson says : “ He preached the first Lord’s day after his return home at my father’s house, as that was a sort of meeting-house for the church, and that day I shall never forget. Not long after his return his father and his mother, his three brothers and his sister, all professed to experience religion. I well recollect the piety and zeal of that family. A most wonderful change was wrought in that family through the influence of Jonathan. The three brothers, James, Eliab, and Ezra, became Baptist ministers. The sister Sarah married a Congrega¬ tional husband, who afterwards became a Baptist minister.” He becomes pastor of the church in Cavendish, Vt, where he is ordained May 9, ISll, continuing until December, 1815, when he accepts the pastorate of the young and feeble Baj^tist Church in Worcester, Mass., which, for sixteen years, he serves with eminent success. While in Vermont, he is the only minister out of forty-live in the State, who has received a collegiate education. His preaching com¬ mands gTeat attention. In Worcester we find him the first year, teacher of the Latin Gram¬ mar School, and afterw^ards active in promoting the efficiency of the common school system ; prominent in the establishment of Wor¬ cester Academy; one of the chief inspirers and originators of Newton Theological Institution (1825); being also a Trustee of Brown Uni¬ versity, and one of the original Trustees of Amherst College. One who knew him at this time, says: “Had he been secretary of edu¬ cation, scarcely a greater number of teachers seeking situations would have sought his direction and infiuence, or a greater number of schools applied to him for suitable candidates.” One of his brethren said of him: “ More education in the ministry was eternally his theme.” His home for a time becomes a family boarding-school for training young men for the ministr^L In the first year of his pastorate here, awLake to the needs of the time, notwithstanding much opposition, he organizes a Sunday-school, per¬ haps the pioneer of its class in the County of Worcester; being for a season its superintendent. The brethren of the Worcester BajAist As¬ sociation, wdiich he is instrumental in organizing, make him their first moderator; reelecting him annually for eleven years, until his departure. During the sixteen years of his ministry at Worcester, the church re¬ ceives three hundred and fifty additions, and becomes a strong and influential body, foremost also in benevolent operations. In the Bap¬ tist Domestic Missionarv Societv of Massachusetts and in the State JONATHAN GOING. 315 Convention, also in the Baptist General Convention for Foreign Mis¬ sions he takes deep interest and an active part. The temperance re- foim finds in him an earnest advocate at a time wheti not only among the people at large, bat even among the ministry, the use of ardent spirits IS common. Most severe is his rebuke of a solicitor from a neighboring parish for aid in support of that chnrch. Dr. Going asks whether the congregation could not raise the amount asked for among themselves, by economizing in the use of ardent spirits. The man replies: “I think not, sir, for I now buy mine by the barrel at the lowest wholesale rates ! ” His personal appearance and characteristics, while in his prime as pastor at Worcester, are very striking. About six feet in height, weighing over two hundred pounds, of dignified deportment yet most affable, full of native wit bubbling forth without premeditation; of sound judgment, great tact, and keen insight into human na¬ ture,—he becomes a recognized leader in public and in denomina¬ tional affairs. Dr. Jonah G. Warren describes him in his walks up and down Main Street, Worcester, as— “A vast, walking, magnetic machine, at every step giving off sparks through every pore of his skin, through every hair of his head, through every muscle of his face. As for his eyes and tongue, I can never describe them. Another man, canying so extensive, so diversified, so complete an armory, with such consummate skill in the selection and use of each weapon as the emergency arose, never walked that street. This I say, well remembering that the Waldos the Davises, the Lincolns, the Bancrofts, the Thomases, and many more of unique character and national reputation have walked that street. Thus he im¬ pressed me during my youth from five to fifteen.” And he affirms that ‘‘ to come occasionally under the shadow of a man like Jonathan Going is worth more than to sit whole ages under the formal instruction of other men. Such contact would draw more electricity, impart a higher inspiration, give a more mighty and enduring impulse. Never a man of hooks, he was yet a man of men, and these he read by intuition. ” No wonder that a man pos¬ sessing such characteristics, united to great tenderness and fervent piety and rare pastoral gifts, should be de facto bishop of the region round about, and in demand for special occasions. Hon. Isaac Davis, of Worcester, writes : “ If there was an ordination, or a revival of religion, or a difficulty in a Church, or a public meeting in aid of some benevolent object, within thirty or forty miles, the services of our pastor were very likely to be called for. Everybody saw that his heart was in the great cause, not only of benevolent action, but of HISTORICAL SKETCH. 31 () the common Christianity, and everybody expected that he would respond cheer¬ fully and effectively to all reasonable claims that were made upon him.” He is “ eiiipliatically a public man instructive, pithy, impres¬ sive, as a jireacher ; but according to Dr. Welch, especially distin¬ guished for “ his high executive talent.” Though possessing an iron constitution and an elastic nature, yet his incessant labors, and more than all the disordered condition of his wife’s mind, impair his health and compel a change. For the sake of his health and for personal observation of the religious needs of the West, he decides to visit the Valley of the Mississippi in the spring of 1831. It is about five years since John M. Peck, full of missionary zeal, made him a visit. As a member of the Massa¬ chusetts Convention, which has supported Mr. Peck, whose reports were widely read, and with whom he had maintained correspondence, his attention has been drawn to the needs of the Western field, and he has had repeated consultations with others concerning more general and efficient measures for promoting missionary operations in that region. In company with Dr. Bolles, for a portion of his journey, he sets forth, arriving in Ohio in time for the meeting of the State Convention, May 25th, co-operating in the formation of the Baptist Education Society and in laying the foundations of Granville College, the by-laws of which are prepared by his own hand. From some of his letters during that trip we make a few extracts. Writing from Lancaster, Ohio, IMay ‘27, 1831, after passing down from Cleveland and Newark, he savs : « “ The population seems to be a sprout just cut from Babel. Our passengers from Cleveland to Newark, in the Pittsburgh Canal Boat, consisted of three Connecticut peddlers, and four families who were emigrants for Cincinnati ; one of them English, a second Scotch, a third Irish, and tinally a German one.” “I have formed a short acquaintance with some half a hundred Ohio Baptist ministers. Though they are generally illiterate, they appear to be pious and many of them devoted servants of our dear Lord. They exhibit a motley appear¬ ance, dressed in all kinds of garbs and colors.” “A Seminary was this week located in Granville, the site of which, 1 expect to-day, in company with Dr. Bolles, to visit. This is an important measure. On its success much depends. My principal hope of its progress and success is in the fact, that Granville is almost exclusively settled from Yankee-land.” He visits Cincinnati, and is distressed by the havoc which Camp- bellism has made in the churches ; he proceeds to Illinois where, on June 20th, he again meets John M. Feck, with whom he counsels and journeys several weeks, and decides, as ah'eady stated, to organize the Home Mission Society. Returning homeward through George JONATHAN GOING. 217 town Ky., be attends the meeting of the Elkhorn Association, at which he estimates there are 8,000 people, many of whom, however, have no interest in the meetings, so that “ it is difficult to account for their attendance.” He laments the divided condition of the Bap- Bsts, and the “ multitudes of doctrines—Gillites, Eullerites, Parkerites, ampbellites, and Stoneites,” and the prevalent ‘‘hyper-Calvinism and Antinomianism.” He is “ delighted Avith the Indian school (near Georgetown), consisting of 113 natives from nine different tribes, un¬ der the care of Bro. Henderson. They exhibit such talent, docility, and good conduct.” From Cincinnati he writes. Sept. 28th, express¬ ing his purpose to spread the facts concerning the West before the people of the East, and the hope “that the East will be disposed to lend efficient aid with promptitude,” on account of the rapid de¬ velopments in the West. ^ Returning to Massachusetts, he meets the Baptist Missionary Society in Boston, in November, who decide that a general Home Mission Society should be formed, and pass a resolution expressing their conviction that it is the duty of Jonathan Going to relinquish his pastoral charge at AVorcester, and devote himself to the interests of the proposed Society. His visit to New York and Philadelphia, as one of the deputation from the Massachusetts Society, and the steps leading to the organization of the Society, have been stated in a preceding chapter. The Granville Church, O., in December, give him an urgent call to become their pastor. But his duty is plain. His letter of resignation to the church in Worcester reveals the grand Christian man. AVe can give but a few sen¬ tences of this full and tender communication. After saying that he is influenced by an imperious sense of duty ” in resigning his charge, to which he has become so strongly attached through sixteen years of service, he says : “ Do you then ask, why leave us? My answer is, Not that I love the Baptist church and society in Worcester less, but that I love the'body of Baptists and the multitudes who are destitute in the United States more. During my whole ministry I have felt constrained by a sense of duty to devote much attention to objects of religious charity, and especially for some years past, more time than IS consistent with the highest advantage of a particular church. Besides, I have felt a deep solicitude for some years in the moral condition of the West, and my late tour has settled that solicitude in a pretty deep conviction of my duty to devote myself to the interest of Home Missions, particularly in the valley of the Mississippi. Plainly, a mighty effort must be made, and by the body of evangelical Christians in the United States, and made soon, or ignorance and heresy and infidelity will entrench themselves too strongly to be repulsed. And 318 HISTORICAL SKETCH. in that case it is morally certain that onr republic will be overturned and our institutions, civil and religious, will be demolished. “ As Baptists we have a deep interest in the work of Western reform; as friends of our common Christianity we are bound to propagate it among the des¬ titute; while as Baptists we should be solicitous that the ordinances of the Gos¬ pel, in their primitive form and beauty, should be established at an early period in the important valley of the West ; and it is known that the larger proportion of the people are destitute of the means of salvation, while probably a thousand Baptist churches are without preaching every Sabbath. Our people should be stimulated to action by the example of other denominations. The Methodists are the most numerous sect in the West, and the Congregationalists and Pres¬ byterians have a Home Mission Society which now sustains four hundred and sixty-one ministers and missionaries. To the existence and success of the pro¬ jected Baptist Home Mission Society it is indispensable that the whole time and energies of some man should be devoted, and our friends, whose opinions ought to determine questions of this sort, have said with great unanimity that this work belongeth to me.” Jonathan Going First Corresponding Secretary of the Society. (From an old daguerreotype). The burden of the preliminary aiTangements for the Convention to organize the new Society falls upon him, as Secretary of the Provi¬ sional Committee. ■ From the date of his election in April, 1832, as the first Correspond¬ ing Secretary of the Society, untilhis resignation in Oct., 1837, his whole JONATHAN GOING. 319 soiil is devoted to the furtherance of its good work. On him principally devolves the duty of imparting information about the field and about the Society s methods ; of bringing conventions and local societies into harmonious auxiliary relations; of securing individual and church contributions ; and of awakening an interest at large in the new enterprise. On the 18th of May, 1832, Dr. Going, in a formal communication to the Executive Committee, sounds the key-note of the campaign on which they have entered. In it occurs these utterances: It becomes us to consider that we occupy an important and most respon¬ sible position in our Zion. Public sentiment has determined that our denom¬ ination has been heretofore greatly deficient in efforts to supply the country with a preached Gospel, and it has called this Society into existence to remedy this evil. The eyes of multitudes who are destitute are looking for help, and the attention of our intelligent brethren is directed to us to witness our meas¬ ures. Much is expected of us. It is known that the numbers, the intelligence, and the means of the denomination are competent to do much ; and it is ex¬ pected that we shall expect great things, attempt great things, and devise means to accomplish great things. Shall these expectations be disappointed ? We all answer: ‘No!’ But the question is—what shall we attempt to accomplish? Far be it from me to recommend rash adventure and questionable experiment. Still you will allow me to say that we ought to. immediately attempt something great, or we shall accomplish nothing important. . . . It is our part to adopt measures for a mighty effort and employ proper means to accomplish it, relying on the approval and blessing of Heaven. ... It should be consid¬ ered that it is easier to accomplish a great work than a small one—to do all our duty than a part of it. And it is ascertained that the public will measure their contributions by the magnitude of the object presented and the wisdom of means proposed for its attainment.” Then he unfolds the plan for raising and distributing $10,000, and after advocating it, closes thus : “ I do seriously believe that the scheme is practicable, and it is our duty to solemnly resolve, in the tear of God and confidence in his aid and blessing, to endeavor to carry it substantially into execution. “I feel admonished to sobriety in my calculations, as I have embarked my all in this enterprise ; and the same consideration ought to be my apology for my zeal in and my wishes for its success. I will not suffer myself to believe that I have resigned a place of obvious usefulness, of comparative comfort, and sufficient respectability, to fail of doing any good, to suffer great solicitude and labor hard, and to blast my reputation, through the failure of an enterprise which involves to a great extent the credit of a large denomination, and the spiritual welfare of multitudes of the present and of future generations. “ May God give us wisdom and faith and zeal and action and perseverance in a good cause.” These royal utterances reveal the spirit of the man called to the 320 HISTORICAL SKETCH. administration of the Society’s aftairs. He goes to Newton to secure young and educated men for the West ; secures contributions for the Society; also the co-operation of the Massachusetts Conven¬ tion as an auxiliary body. In June, he is in Providence and with the Board of the Bhode Island Convention. Earlv in August he writes of his visit to the New Hampshire Convention, also of his meeting with the Board of the Vermont Convention, both of which favor the auxiliary plan proposed b}" the Society through its representative. Writing to Dr. Maclay, Aug. 11, 1832, after less than three months’ absence from New York, he says: “Since I left New York I have traveled about 1,100 miles, attended 75 re¬ religious meetings, preached 60 times, given addresses on the object and plan of our Society 27 times, taken subscriptions in 25 places, amounting to $1,318.48, of which I have received $488.22, and doubt not that the balance will be forth¬ coming. My addresses have been on the Sabbath, except on public occasions and to three Institutions. On every Sabbath but one I have been in two towns, and in one instance in three, and in another in three churches in the same city. I state this fact, not so much to show my activity as to evince the goodness of God in giving me strength to labor, notwithstanding my paralytical affliction, which the physician assured me, required my lying by at least for a season. The limb is still feeble, though regaining its tone. I feel that my time is indeed short, that I have a great work in hand, and that I must work while it is day. If I can see the American Baptist Home Mission Society well under way, I shall, if such be God’s will, say: “ Now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace !” With such consuming zeal, such tremendous energy, does Jona¬ than Going throw himself into the work. And at such expenditure of force are the foundations of the Society laid. In the Worcester Association his reception shows that he is not without honor in his own country. He states in August that,- - “ The Churches of this Association will pay at least $1,000 for the Valley. Oh, when will all the Churches do in proportion ? What could not the Society do for the West if such liberality were universal in the Atlantic Churches?” And he cheers the Committee by saying: ‘ It is mostly certain that our funds already secured will more than meet our engagements, and we ought not to doubt whether God will still further succeed our endeavors, if we shall be judicious and active and confident in God.’ ” He devotes much attention to other sections, personally visiting Cincinnati, Philadelphia, Baltimore and other places, awakening in¬ terest in the work of the Society. The first Annual Beport presented by him to the Society is remark¬ able for its amount of information concerning the condition of the denomination, and the wants of the West. 321 JONATHAN GOING. In 1834, through his influence, » The Baptist Eepository,” to which he has been a contributor, becomes the ofiicial organ of the Society, continuing so, while under his control until 1837. He lays hands on the young men at Newton Theological Seminary, two of whom are among the early appointees of the Society to the West. He calls attention to the fact— “ That collateral means of moral improvement, which are usually powerful auxiliaries to the Gospel, are to an alarming degree wanting in extensive sec- bons of the country. vSchools are too few in number, and often very deficient in quality, so that multitudes of the youthful population are growing up with¬ out the general information necessary for good citizens and good Christians.” In urging the adoption of systematic benevolence, he makes these thoroughly sensible remarks: r System in our charities is of the last importance, yet the best system without energy, will do nothing; while a poor system with energy will accomplish much. We often imagine that the machinery does not work well, while in fact all the fault is with those who work the machinery, or rather should work it.” ^ His advocacy of temperance appears in the attention given in his direcbons to missionaries, and conspicuously at the annual meeting in 1835, when, notwithstanding his feebleness, he exerts himself to attend, and offers the following resolution, which is adopted bv the Societv: “ Besolved That it be recommended to the churches to procure pure wine, free from all alcoholic admixtures, for the purposes of the Communion.” The Granville Literary and Theological Institution, Ohio, in 1837 needs a President. August 9th, choice is made of Jonathan Going ; who, it should be said, received the degree of D. D., from Waterville CoUege, Alaine, in 1832. He feels that the Society is an accomjjlished fact, that the work will not be compromised by his departure. He expresses the opinion, that “ the time has now arrived, when the cultivation of the ministerial talent, which exists in the western churches, is an essential part of the Western Enterprise,” and, that in giving himself to this service, it is “only a transfer from one de¬ partment to another of the same grand enterprise.” In his letter of resignation to the Executive Committee October 2, 1837, he savs in addition to the foregoing,— ‘When on a tour of observation in the Western country in 1831, so deep was the interest that I felt in its moral and intellectual improvement, that I solemnly devoted myself to its promotion. It was my purpose to endeavor to ring into existence a Society whose exclusive object should be to aid in fully publishing the Gospel, and in encouraging collateral instrumentalities through- 322 HISTORICAL SKETCH. out North America, but with primary reference to that most interesting and important section of the country, the West ; and if that object could not be secured, to go myself into some part of the great valley and do what I could by individual exertion.” He leaves the Society Avitli expressions from them ‘ ‘ of confidence and personal esteem; and of the sense of the obligation the Society is under for his faithful labors in organizing and advancing its interests.” When asked: “ Why not go to Shurtleff (also seeking a President) rather than to Granville?” he replies: “It will be easy to find some good man willing to go to Alton, but I know’ of no one willing to go to Granville, and do the hard work necessarv to ensure its success.” He goes to Granville, November 15, 1837. He has given five of the best years of his life, from forty-six to fifty- one to the Society; now’, to Granville he gives the next seven 3 ’ears in that diversfied labor, which a young institution demands from its President, until November 9, 1844, when, in the fifty-ninth year of his age, twelve years before John M. Peck, he enters into rest. Of his services in Ohio, Rev. John Pratt says: “The college owes much, very much to him,—to his labors, counsels, prayers, faith—as indeed does our whole denomination in Ohio, and all over the country. And after his death this same name, clarum et venerabile, was often sounded forth to give a key-note. He was a paragon of unselfishness. His mind was quick, far-seeing, and bold. He could look through a great enterprise and see no lion in the way. He always had the fortiter in re, and generally the suaviter in modo.” The Baptists of America, particularly of the older Western States, have reason to thank God for Dr. Jonathan Going, the founder of the Societv of which Dr. John M. Peck was the forerunner. He served his generation well. His w’ork endures. CHAPTEK VI. The Views and Spikit of the Early Managers. “ Men who had understanding of the times, to know what Israel ought to do.” 1 Chron. xii. 32. ^ The character and reputation of the men engaged in the organiza¬ tion and early management of the Society, are in themselves an as- suiance of the breadth of their views, the purity of their motives, and the earnestness of their purpose. Throughout all the proceed¬ ing and in all official utterances, there is no trace of personal ambi¬ tion, but, on the contrary, many indications that these men are con¬ scious of the great responsibility resting on them, in their new rela¬ tions to the denomination, to the destitute fields, and to the future that shall be so largely affected by their work. The Spiiit of the Gospel, is a spirit of missionary zeal,” is the first sentence of the first address of the first Executive Committee, directly after the organization of the Society. The crisp, clear de¬ claration IS, in the time of its utterance, to the apathetic and to those holding anti-mission views, a challenge for successful contradiction. The bearings of their labors are clearly understood, as they say in the first report of the Board to the Society ; “There is an immense work devolved on the American Baptists of the present generation ; the time of its accomplishment is short, and it is all important that they gird themselves for it, and labor with their might. God giant that the Committee, the Society, and all its supporters, may so labor and pray, that, when they resign their charge to their successors, they may be pre¬ pared to render an answer honorable to themselves, and most honorable to their Saviour, to the question : ‘ With whom have ye left the few sheep in the •wilderness.” The burden of solicitude is about the condition of_ “ The great valley of the Mississippi where four millions of immortal spirits dwell ; many of them entirely destitute of the knowledge of the Gospel, and others of them receiving but some distorted heresy, or cunningly devised fable, which has usurped the name, and is scandalizing the profession, of Chris¬ tianity.” “The supply of our destitute fellow-members with spiritual food when in our Father’s house there is bread, enough, and to spare,” is declared to be the ruling purpose. dhe patriotic spirit speaks, calling for the contribution of our 324 HISTORICAL SKETCH. share in the moral renovation of our common country, “ and sum¬ moning men to the support of this work, by every principle of en¬ lightened patriotism and of Christian devotion.” At the same time, they are conscious of their duty to disseminate distinctively Baptist views, as their language on this point shows: “While the Committee disclaim all sectarian feeling, they avow the convic¬ tion, that it is the duty of the denomination to endeavor to sustain, and to propagate those views of doctrinal truth, and of the order of the house of God, which they most conscientiously believe to be taught in the Holy Scriptures. It should be distinctly kept in mind that the reputation, the prosperity, and the desirable increase of the denomination, recpiire the most vigorous eiforts through the medium of this Society;” and elsewhere “they recognize it as their duty to disseminate, with all candor and kindness, their own views of doc¬ trine and practice.” They are careful to assure brethren who bristle at the thought of anything that may trench on the independency of a Baptist Church, that— “ While looking to the intended scene of our immediate labors, we would de¬ clare that we claim no dominion over the faith of our Western brethren, and desire no authority but that of love ; no influence, other than that which the partakers of one good hope and the partners in one grand enterprise claim to exercise one over the other. Infringing not at all on the rights of any of the churches of our communion, and seeking to strengthen their hands in every good work, we ask of them but to aid and to allow the preaching of the great salvation to thousands perishing in their ignorance.” In respect to State and local organizations, the first address of the Executive Committee says: “ It has never been designed that the Societj' should narrow'or embarrass the operations of the State Conventions and other societies less extended in the range of their exertions, now' laboring in the field of Home Missions. It was hoped rather that it might envelope and unite them, giving greater harmonj' of efibrt and greater efficiency, and preventing alike the embarassing interference and collision of tw'o societies in the same sphere of labor, and the neglect of those regions, which, though greatly destitute, were w’ithout the purview' of any existing institution. “One leading object in the establishment of the Society has been to combine in one sacred brotherhood all the friends of Home Missions throughout the United States. It is designed to encourage efficiently all local eftbrts for sup plying the destitute w'ith the preaching of the Gospel, and not in the least de¬ gree to interfere wdth, or disturb them. The general Society thus claims to be but the seiw'ant of the Church, pretending to no ecclesiastical authority.” At the same time, recognizing: the weakness of an armv whose battalions are waging a warfare without any common and well di¬ rected plan of operations, the Committee say : 1 VIEWS AND SPIEIT OF THE FOUNDERS. 325 “It may be hoped that the Society will become a rallying point in which the body of the denomination may meet in fraternal affection and united efforts for Its prosperity. For while the Committee would oppose a consolidation of the Churches which would trench on their independence, they anxiously desire more concentration of effort among those who hold one Lord, one faith and one baptism.” ’ When it is remembered that the founders and promoters of the Society are men who have been identified also with the work of For¬ eign Missions, their views on the relation of Home to Foreign Mis¬ sions have all the more weight. They emphasize the duty of careful attention to the home field, as indispensable to ultimate suc¬ cess in foreign fields. They are men of broader views than to decry the work of home missions, on the ground that Gospel privileges are numerous here, while many parts of the world have none, and so should receive all our ofterings for missions. Speaking of these things, they say : “ Unless the Churches are prosperous, they cannot aid any department of Christian enterprise, and all its objects must languish or fail of extensive and permanent prosperity. The folly of the opposite course, resembles the policy of a nation so eager of foreign conquests as to leave its own territory open to invasion ; or of a general, who pushes his success so far into an invaded country, as to allow the enemy to retake his previously captured posts. While only the friendliest feelings are entertained toward Foreign Missions, and while one in¬ centive to efforts in the cause of Home Missions, is their favorable bearing on that object, still the Committee are most perfectly satisfied that the true policy of American Christians is essentially a ‘Home Policy’.” And in answer to those who fear that a new Society will lessen ofterings to foreign work, prove a distraction to the Churches and impoverish the treasury of the Lord, they say : “ Facts disprove the supposition. On the other hand, it has been found that the more numerous these objects are, the larger is the amount contributed to each one of them. It has been observed, that those Churches which are most active in promoting the benevolent enterprises of the age, are most highly fa¬ vored with revivals, and consequent additions to their members, and with gen¬ eral prosperity.” ^ In 1836, at the annual meeting of the Society, Hon. Heman Lin¬ coln, its President, calling another to preside, takes the floor to offer the following resolution, which, after hearty discussion, is unanimous¬ ly adopted : “ Resolved: That the Foreign Mission and Home Mission Societies are so far from being rival institutions, they are twin sisters, and each an indispensable auxiliary to the other.” A Society organized like the Home Mission Societv and under the direction of men, whose views and spirit have been shown in the 326 HISTORICAL SKETCH. foregoing extracts, is certainly destined to do a great and beneficent work. Of the gi’eatness and duration of this work, they have some just conception, when, after two years survey of the field, the Execu¬ tive Committee say : “ The Society has entered on a campaign which WILL CONTINUE FOR A CENTURY. ” CHAPTER VII. Early Missionary Operations of the Society. “And herein is that saying true : one soweth and another reapeth.” John, iv. 37. From the outset, the Society’s mission is essentially that of laying- re igious founcUtions, or, to change the figure, sowing the good seed of the Kingdom for others to reap. Most of the fields are ‘new-p-ounds,” abounding in briers, fuU of stony places, infested by evil birds of speculation and vice, with here and there good ground that keeps the toiler fi-om utter discouragement. Where w len and by whom this work is done, and how the early managers ot the Society apply themselves to the task set before them must ever be matters of interest to thoughtful Christian minds. In the labors of pioneer missionaries and the noble self-denial, for Christ’s pke, of them equaUy devoted wives, we find frequent illustrations of liigTi Christian heroism. ^ The Executive Committee, during the first year, when no accurate judgment concerning the response of the churches to the new call can e oi^ed, must feel their way according to providential indi¬ cations. They do not, however, walk by sight alone ; their faith launches out, not presumptuously, yet confidently, into the deep Appointment of missionaries is partly dependent on probable receipts. The first contfibution comes from the Webster Church in Massachusetts, being $30, with which its pastor is made a life mem¬ ber of the new Society. But as a dollar at this time goes as far as WO o ars a generation later, more missionaries in proportion to leceip s aie aiipointed than would at first be exjiected. It is not always that the new Society can secure the men, the right men to occupy important points. Thus in May, 1832, the Executive Com¬ mittee in vain lay hands on and appoint Rev. John Maginnis to ranviUe, a; Rev. Rollin H. Neale, of Boston, to St. Louis, Mo. • and Rev. Pharcellus Church, of New York, to New Orleans, La! 328 HISTOIilCAL SKETCH. Hence the actual work done by the Society at any given period is not to be taken as the exact measure of its plans and pui’poses. In illustration of this it may here be said that the first annual report makes special mention of the needs of the British Provinces, and of Florida, “very destitute of the preached Gospel of Texas, which “ already sends her petition for missionary aid;” and of Mexico, soon to be opened to missionary enterprise. And yet in these fields, whose destitution excites sympathy and solicitude in the hearts of the Committee, there is, with perhaps one exception, no represen¬ tative of the Society at this date, or for some time afterwards. The first missionary appointment. May 11th, 1832, is that of Rev. Thomas W. Merrill, to labor for three months in IMichigan Territory, his special field being Prairie Ronde and vicinity. This godl}’^ man becomes a warm supporter of Christian education at Kalamazoo, and, living economically that he may have the more to devote to this object, many years later leaves $10,000 to this institution. At the same meeting. Rev. Ephraim Goodrich is appointed to Western Pennsylvania for four months. Two other appointments are made, one to Ohio, one to Indiana, but the appointees do not go to theii’ fields. During the first month other appointments are made and accepted as follows : Rev. Archibald C. Sangster, for six months, to Orange Co., N. Y.; Rev. Archer B. Smith, of Newton Theological Institute, for one 3 'ear, to St. Louis, JMo.; Rev. Henry Carr, of the same Insti¬ tute, for one year, to Ashtabula, Ohio ; and Rev. S. R. Clark, for one year, to Cleveland, Ohio. The appointments in many instances are for a few months ; the appointees being exploring missionaries to ascertain and report on the condition of the fields. The whole number of appointments the first year is stated as 89, but in this number are reckoned aj^propria- tions to five churches to which no missioniaries are sent. Twenty- two are in Kentuckv, but as the State Contention does not become an auxiliary, only one is paid by the Society, and is to be reckoned in its working list. Eleven others decline the appointment. Two are collecting agents. So that during the first 3 ’ear, but fifty mis¬ sionaries are actually in the service, distributed as follows : In New York, 6 ; in Ohio, 12 ; in Indiana, 5 ; in Michigan Tenitory, 3 ; in Illinois, 9 ; in Missouri, 7 ; in Pennsylvania, 1 ; in New Jersey, 2 ; in Kentucky, 1 ; in Tennessee, 1 ; in Arkansas Territory, 1 ; in Lower Canada, 1 ; in Mississippi 1. In addition to the appointment and support of missionaries the • EARLY MISSIONARY OPERATIONS. 329 Executive Cominittee occasionally grants aid to a churcli in the sup¬ port of its pastor who bears no commission from the Society. Thus, a chuich is aidedon condition that they obtain jn’eaching perma¬ nently for the year. ’ Similar aid is extended to other churches in Kentucky, Ohio, and North Carolina—the church at Raleigh haviim a grant of $100. ^ Some of the principal points occupied by missionaries of the Societv the first year of its operations are St. Louis and Palmyra, Mo.; Cleveland, Ashtabula, Lima, Ohio; Indianapolis, Delphi, Goshen, and Lafayette Co., Ind.; Morgan, Greene and Madison Counties, Winchester, and the region about Alton, Ill.; Saline and Oakland County, Mich.; Louisville, Ky.; Washington, Miss.; and Parkersburg, Va. The first death in the missionary ranks is that of Rev. Spencer Clack, whose removal by cholera in 1833, at Palmyra, Missouri, is a great loss to the service. TV riting to Dr. Going’ just before his death, he says : ‘‘Don’t gwe lip the ship, yon are engaged in a good cause; you will meet with opposition, feai not. I have honestly, faithfully and conscientiously de¬ fended the cause, not with the object of making money, for I have sustained pecuniary losses, but lor the glory of God and his cause. Say to all the mis¬ sionaries : Be faithful and bear hardships as good soldiers of the cross. The blood of Jesus Christ cleanseth from all sin. The mission cause, is the cause of God. Beware of Campbellism. I have been charged with being a Camp- bellite ; it is without any cause or truth, for I consider it a dangerous heresy.” His dying words encourage other missionaries in their new and difficult fields, where much opposition is encountered from the anti¬ mission people. Rev. Jacob Bower, writes about this class, who say ; “ ‘ We like to hear you ju’each—we are fond of yon —come and preach for us but only mention their duty -that the laborer is worthy of his hire, and they wdll be offended and say, ‘Money-hunter, beggar, missionary,’ etc. Under these circumstances, the f)oor missionary must wear out his clothes, his horse and saddle, his body, lungs and voice, and spend his whole living, and get no help from those who pretend to love him so well. These things are very discouraging ; but I often think of Brother Clack’s dying words, ‘ Don’t give up the ship,’ and I am determined to do as he did.” The second year, 91 missionaries are appointed, of whom 80 enter the service. This year, Louisiana and Ux^per Canada are added to the mission fields. In TIichigan, attention is given to Detroit, North- field, Auburn, Pontiac and St. Clair County; in Illinois, to Chicago, Knox, Alton and other points. Rev. A. B, Freeman is sent to 21 330 HISTORICAL SKETCH. Chicago in August, 1833. Under date of September 4th, 1833, he writes: % “ On hearing of the change in the place of my destination (from Ohio to Chicago), I at first doubted the wisdom of it, and only thought that as I had received assistance from the Society, and had thus committed myself, I would leave the event with God. I am now convinced, however, that as to the place, this is among the most judicious appointments of your Board.” At the time of his amval in Chicago “ the Indian roamed wild and free, where now are paved streets and marble palaces.” He at once rallies the few Baptists and their friends to build an edi¬ fice for church and school purposes. When finished its cost is $600, a debt of $150 resting on it. “Despise not the day of small things!” On the 18th of October, a church of fifteen members is organized—the first Baptist Church of Chicago, and as is believed, the first Baptist Church of the Northwest, north of Peoria. Lake iMichigan is the baptistery for the church, and the Indians, with others, witness the administration of the ordinance to four persons the ensuing 3 "ear. With consuming zeal, Mr. Freeman makes long, exploring tours out on the surrounding prairies, looking up the scat¬ tered believers. Five churches spring up as the immediate fruits of these labors. But the fatigue and exjiosure attending a journey to one of these outposts bring him to death’s door. Just before passing through, he sends this message to his revered father: “/ die at my post and in my Master’s ivortr.” “ And no man knoweth of his sepulchre unto this day.” The next or third year, 96 missionaries are reported. They labor in Baltimore, Md.; in Alabama, ^Mississippi, in the Choctaw and Chick¬ asaw Country ; and in greatest numbers throughout the West. New fields occupied are Kalamazoo, Mich.; Logansport, Ind.; Columbus, Ohio ; Nashville, Tenn.; New Orleans, La.; also new points in Mis¬ souri and elsewhere. For particulars the reader can consult the historical tables. The labors of many of these early missionaries are arduous, and they themselves are often regarded with suspicion: “ Fancy to yourself,” says one of these missionaries west of the Mississippi, “ a man obliged, through a rough country and over miserable roads, to travel from thirty to fifty miles a day, without where to lay his head ; to preach, per¬ haps, to ten or a dozen members in open houses, and be exposed to all kinds of weather, dangers and difliculties ; to be opposed and maligned by those calling themselves the children ot God, and accused of preaching for lucre’s sake—and you have some idea of a missionary.” EARLY MISSIONARY OPERATIONS, 331 . Missouri, encountering witli similar things says ■ “ If miserable’’ And another, referring to eximsures and fatigue, about which he does not complain, says : “But after having done all, it is hard to be called by professed Baptists a Gospel speculator, laboring for the lieece and not for the flock. ” What grounds for such charges? Ezra Fisher laboring in Indiana- pohs, m 1832, receives but $300, and $60 for an outfit ; John M l^eck has $350, and many others even less. The receipts for the year closing April 1, 1836, are $16,910.86 a circumstance so suggestive of increased interest in Home Missions and confidence in the Society, that the Board enlarge the mission¬ ary force to 114 ; two of whom are. in Maryland, one in South Caro¬ lina, two 111 Louisiana, live in “the wilds of Arkansas,” ten in Mis¬ souri twenty-two in Illinois, eight in Indiana, sixteen in Michigan twenty m Ohio, two in Lower Canada, three in Upper Canada, and 1 foi’ 1^37 states that, including six missionaries em¬ ployed by our auxiliary the Eocky Eiver Association in Ohio 129 missionaries and agents, laboring in twelve States and Territories and two British Provinces, have been employed, whose aggregate iXr is 89 years ; and who, as nearly as can be determined, have minis¬ tered to 247 churches and congregations, “besides traveling far and wide through the destitute and sparsely settled regions where society IS mostly unorganized,” These missionai-ies report 1,332 additions to the churches ; 873 by baptism, 459 by letter ; also the ordination of 27 candidates to the ministry, and the organization of 33 churches. ^ mong the new fields of missionai-y service appear this year the following : In Ohio—Zanesville, Akron, Hiram, Franklin, Jefl'erson 1 uiura, Masillon, Springfield ; in Michigan—Dexter, Jonesville, Cold \V ater, Adrian, Mt. Clemens, Manchester ; in Indiana—Delphi, Law- renceburg, Paris, Franklin, La Porte, Michigan City, Madisoii; in inois—Jacksonville, Quincy, Carollton, Canton, Macomb, Du Pao-e Vernii lonvfile ; in Missouri-Potosi, Martineau ; in Wisconsin, en¬ tered this year—Milwaukee, Burlington and Des Moines Co. (after¬ ward incorporated in Iowa) ; Brantford, Toronto, and Nelson in Up- per Canada. ^ Tlie lieterogeneous population of many Western mission fields seriously interferes witli rapid cliurcli growth. Eev. Geo. Matthews, missionary at Lawrenceburgh, Indiana, in 1836, says: “There are 332 HISTORICAL SKETCH. 144 families in this town, the heads of which are from twenty-three different States, Teiritories, Kingdoms, and Provinces !” No wonder that Rev. Jacob Bower, laboring in Morgan County, Illinois, in 1833, should write concerning these dissimilar elements: “ It is like putting different kinds of metal into a crucible, over a slow fire; they are a long time warming, and then a long time heat¬ ing, before they will melt and run together. A missionary must be possessed of a good share of patience and fortitude.” During these early years, “ Missionary agents ” are sent out—men “ who have no charge of specific churches ” but “ have for a field per¬ haps a State or a Territory; who travel extensively, encourage feeble churches, assist them to procure pastors when practicable, seek out new fields of labor, preach and give tone and direction and impulse to the general cause, and keep the committee informed of anything that ma}" be profitable for them to know.” “Such,” says the report of 1836, “ is our indefatigable brother. Rev. Ebenezer Loomis, of Ohio, late of Michigan. He has traveled the last year (and mostly on loot) four thousand, five hundred and five miles, preached tiro hun¬ dred and ninety-seven sei'mons, besides performing other ministerial labor.” The first report of this good brother while in Michigan in 1824, says, “I have traveled about two thousand miles; my journeys have been performed almost wholly on foot. I have not ridden fifty miles, except in crossing the Lake from Huron County, Ohio, to De¬ troit.” Of him it is said : “ much of the improvement in the condi¬ tion of the Baptists of Michigan, is, under God, owing to his indefat¬ igable and disinterested labors.” The same can be said, concerning other States, of other missionary agents, of John M. Peck, ]\[oses Lemen, and Thos. Powell in Illinois and Missouri, of Samuel Love in Tennessee, of Reuben Winchell in Upper Canada, of Peter Chase in Lower Canada, of Supply Chase and John Booth in Michigan, of William Sedwick in Ohio, and others, who— “ Where duty calls, or danger Are never wanting there.” The general spirit and character of missionary service at this period is thus described in the Report of 1836 : “ As a whole, it is believed, a more laborious, self-denying, inde¬ fatigable body of preachers can nowhere be found—men who, look¬ ing with contempt on ease and luxury, brave the toils and privations incident to the forest and the newly-settled country. They supply from one to twelve congregations each, and these are sometimes so EARLY MISSIONARY OPERATIONS. 333 remotely settled from each other as to require long journeys over imperfect roads. Their usual mode of traveling is on horseback, and to ride is with many of them synonymous with the whole routine of missionary labor. The stream that cannot be forded must be swam ; if the mountain or the morass forbid one pass, they choose another ; if night shut in upon them, they seek some friendly shelter, and there preach Him who had not where to lay His head. Ten of them could be selected, whose aggregate journeyings (for the year), had they been in a straight line, would have reached once and a quarter around the globe. Their families, too, who are left alone, and ^ often ill provided for, participate in their toils and personal The public eye and public sympathy follow him who bids an eternal adieu to friends and native land, to publish the salvation of God on distant shores. There is a moral sublimity in his work which gives inspiration to poetry, and his enterprise, in itself vast and holy, becomes the theme of em-aptured song. But those who go to the lost sheep of the house of our American Israel, and make equal sacrifices, and lose themselves from jiublic gaze in the forest and prairie of the far West, deserve an equal place in our sympathies and affections. No multitude gathers on the strand to weep at their departure—a few tears only may fall unseen—no bard celebrates their deeds ; they endure their fatigues and suffer their privations alone, and thus spend and are spent. Is not this rather— ‘ The noiseless band of heavenlj' soldiery From out the armory of God equipped ? ’ ” Here we may pause and inquire how the Society stands in the estimation of the denomination in the older States, what impression it has made upon the newer regions, and how the Committee regard the work. When, in October, 1837, Dr. Going tenders his resigna¬ tion as Corresponding Secretary, he feels that the Society has become Sowell established that his “withdrawal will not compromise its interests, as they will continue to enjoy the supervision and undivided attention of my able colleague,” Rev. Luther Crawford. He, how¬ ever, IS called by death from his service as Corresponding Secretary, on the 13th of February, 1839. I'he closing words of the report of 1837 are : “Judicious and enlightened men begin to see, that the true way to lengthen our cords among the heathen, is to strengthen our stakes at home. Every con¬ sideration of patriotism and of piety, together with the cry of those sitting iu 334 HISTORICAL SKETCH. the shadow of death, converted into accents of thrilling applications for mercy, every call for the missionary, every demand for the Bible, translated into every tongue, comes to the Churches in the form of an irresistible appeal, to multiply and strengthen our interest at home. And your Committee rejoice in the assurances they have received from dif¬ ferent sections of our country, that wherever its objects are understood, your Society is taking deep hold upon the judgment, prayers, and kindly feelings of the American public,” Blit larger benevolence is needed, for it is stated, in 1833, that ‘ ‘ on an average since its coinmencenient the Society has received only about eleven thousand dollars year from a communion numbering—we almost hesitate to sav it—near half a million!” o V Still with this sum the Society has been enabled to put two hun¬ dred and five missionaries into the service, fifty-six more having been apjiointed who did not accept. The aggregate time of their labors is nearly five hundred years. The impression produced may be inferred by the tenor of the fol¬ lowing statements,—a few of many that might be given. John M. Peck in 1837 says : “ The time was when not another man besides myself and col¬ league, Brother J. E. AVelch, in the two States (Illinois and Missouri) of anv denomination, could be found to take a bold and active stand in any of the benevolent movements of the age or country. Now I can count up zealous, active laborers and successful men by scores. Every dollar 3 'ou have exj^ended, or may yet exjiend in home mis¬ sions, or any other labors among Baptists, will soon return with a hundred and a thousand fold.” The Franklin Association of Missouri, savs : “We know not how to exjiress our gratitude to Grod for having put it into your heart to afford us the aid you have for four years past. You have, through your missionaries, jfianted the standard of Immanuel deep in our country—so deep, that all the eftbrts of in¬ fidels and anti-mission men, and the Prince of Darkness himself, cannot overturn it.” From Pike County, Illinois, come the cheering words : ‘ ‘ I know of but one church in this county, which until the last year, ever raised a subscription for the supjiort of jireaching. Now it is becoming a common thing. There is also more exertion on the part of the jireachers to store their minds with useful knowledge, and to set things in the churches in Gosjiel order. All this has been effected through the instrumentality of the American Bajitist Home EARLY MISSIONARY OPERATIONS. 335 Mission Society. Had there not been one soul converted through the instiumentality of your missionaries, the good done is immense, and will be felt by generations yet unborn.” An enlightened, zealous, broad-minded missionarv in an unpro- gressive community is a mighty quickening influence, and is sure in time to work a revolution for good. So from Indiana comes this testimony : “ The blessings which your Society is conferring, not only upon the inhabitants of the great valley, but ujion the whole world, are incalculable. Every minister whom you plant in the West, of ^ the right stamp, is a brilliant light, spreading its influence over a wide space, driving back the clouds of error and prejudice, imparting life and energy to some hundreds, perhaps thousands, of professors, whose powers before lay dormant, calling them at once into the field of effort. ” Eiom Cential Illinois : “The prog’ress of religion in this vicinity is truly cheering, and the labors which have contributed to it, so far as the Bajffist cause is concerned, have been performed under God, by men sustained by your Society. Withdraw y6ur aid, and the prospect is cheerless.” ^ And John Logan, writing from “The Military Tract ” in the same State, says : AVhate'v ei good has been done on the Military Tract, among the Baptists, for the last six years, has been done by the instrumentality of the Home Mission Society. ” And the Illinois Convention, referring at considerable length to the “ immense good ” accomjflished by the Society, says : “ Its transforming influence is now seen and felt in all our churches. Those churches, in most instances, who are able in whole, or in part, to sustain the ministry of the Gospel among themselves, have been brought to this position by the timely aid bestowed bv this Society.” Fiom many other States and Territories do like testimonies come, showing how the missionaries of the Societ^^, complying with its in¬ structions, cause to spring up on their fields of labor. Not only chuiches but Sabbath-schools and Bible classes, Temperance socie¬ ties, Bible societies, Educational societies ; how they engage as tract distiibutois on their local fields and on their journeys as itinerants; how they develop self-help and benevolence among the churches ; and in general 2 n-ovoke the j^eople to good works. Already, at the close of six years of the Society’s work, tlie sower and the reaper rejoice together. CHAPTEK YIII. Growth of the Society’s Work. “Enlarge the place of thy tent . . . spare not; lengthen thy cords and strengthen thy stakes ; for thou shalt break forth on the right hand and on the left.” Isa. xliv. 2, 3. “ The West is already on the other side of the Mississippi, and the people there are talking of going to the mouth of the Oregon to set¬ tle,” are the words of Rev. Alfred Bennett, in the meeting of the Society at Philadelphia, in 1839 ; adding, as he advocates enlarge¬ ment, “We must go to the book of acts, and not merely to the book of resolutions.” The emigration of Americans, overland, by way of the South Pass, actually begins in 1839. The land is astir wdth the moving pojuilation. The canvas cov¬ ered wagons, “ prairie schooners,” containing households and house¬ hold effects, throng the national Macadamized road from Baltimore, through Wheeling and Cincinnati, to St. Louis and adjacent regions, and to the regions beyond. Improvements in steamboats facilitate travel on the Great Lakes and the rivers. The railroad system be¬ gins to develop itself, stretching slowly westw^ard. In 1832, there are in the wdiole countrv but 131 miles of railroad in actual operation. In 1842 there are 3,863 miles; in 1852, 12,841 miles; in 1862, 31,769; in 1872, 62,647; and in 1882, during which year about 12,000 miles are built, nearly or quite 116,000. In 1842, there are no railroads in Indiana, Wisconsin, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee, Texas, Mississijipi, or Florida; in 1852 none in low'a, Arkansas, or Texas; though six years later the shrill Avhistle of the locomotive is heard in all these States and in California. Tele¬ graph lines, commonly following the raikoads, amount to about 50,000 miles in 1860. Population in 1840 has extended chiefly along the rivers w^est of the Mississippi, upward into Iowa, westward along the ]\Iissouri; and in 1840 the first settlements appear in Minnesota, a land considered so cold and sterile, that, when years later its admission as a ter¬ ritory is proposed, a “wise man” in Congress is in doubt about it, be- GROWTH OF THE SOCIETY’S WORK. 337 cause when the fur-bearing animals are killed off and the pine forests cut down, the country will be unable to sustain a large permanent population! The first missionary goes to Iowa in 1838. It is said to be settled by intelligent, industrious people. The same year two missionaries go to Wisconsin, and write back about people coming nine miles, ^ th ox teams, to hear preaching. The Seminole war in 1839 inter- '.s with missionary operations in Florida, where everything is crude, neeting-houses, “often a pile of logs thrown together, situated pine forest, no doors or windows, and for seats rough boards.” :as, through the settlement of American residents within her ■s,—having succeeded in becoming a republic independent of , the mother country, in 1836 ; being recognized as such by •^ed States in 1837, and by the principal European j^owers in s annexed to the United States in 1845, presenting a great V mission field. The original territory embraced the eastern ew Mexico and portions of Kansas and Colorado. From o which attention early has been turned, there conies in ‘ the only Baptist church in the infant Republic, ”an ap- stating that there are but two Baptist ministers in that these quite secularized. In the fall of 1838 Rev. David sas, is appointed to labor in Texas, but is prevented by rcumstances. Another aiipointment is made, with a In 1839, Rev. James Huckins goes as an exploring the land of promise,” where at Galveston he organ- ^xiLirch. Seven or eight Baptist churches are reported there in 1840. The Board appeal to “ ministering brethren, who are panting for enlarged usefulness in the Church of God,” and asks in capital letters, “Who among them will go to Texas?” Rev. Win. Try on responds, is appointed in 1840 and begins work at Indepen¬ dence in Jan., 1841. The Board in 1841 says : “Untiring efforts have been made to obtain a sufficient number of properly qualified missionaries for Texas. Seven appointments have been made, with sufficient reasons for believing that they would be accepted, but of that number two only have actually entered on the work assigned them.” General Fremont’s tour of exploration into and beyond the Rocky Mountains, in 1842-1845, and his published accounts of the Great Salt Lake, and of the passes of the Rocky Mountains, reveal new fields to the restless and the adventurous. In 1843, measures are adopted to send a missionary to Oregon; 338 HISTORICAL SKETCH. but arrangements are not completed until early in April, 1845, when Rev. Ezra Fisher and Rev. Hezekiah Johnson leave Iowa, with a large company of emigrants, and after about seven months and a half, having traveled more than 2,500 miles, reach the Tualitin plains in Oregon. This Ezra Fisher is he who in 1832 was missionaiy to Indianapolis, and later at other important points. In writing of this journey he says : “ I bore iny full proportion of the services of the company, and walked farther in the performance of them than would cover the whole distance of the journey. Neither myself nor family laid off our clothing at night more than four or five times during the whole journey, always sleeping in our tent on the ground, so that we were worn down with fatigue and care.” Their hardships are increased by the rainy season which sets in towards the end of their journey. They write later from Oregon City, their held of labor, saying: “We trust it is our love for the cause of Christ in Oregon which has led us to forego the privileges we enjoyed at home in the United States.” The following mail and shipping directions at this date, 1847, will be of interest : “ Ships are occasionally disjDatched to the Columbia River, by the firm of Cushing, Newburyport, l\Iass., and by Messrs. A. O. & A. W. Benson, No. 9 Old Slip, New York. From other ports they frequently sail to the Sandwich Islands. By this route letters or boxes will reach them, by being addressed to the care of E. O. Hall, Honolulu, Oahu Island, and paying the freight.” In 1849 the mail steamers on the Pacific Ocean, via Panama, bring the missionaries into closer contact with the Society. In 1848, by the treaty at Guadalupe Hidalgo, and as the result of the war begun in 184G, Mexico cedes to the United States for the sum of $15,000,000 the vast territory including California, Nevada, Utah, a part of Colorado, most of Arizona, and the Western half of New Mexico; to which by the Gadsden purchase in 1853, are added Lower Arizona and Southwestern New Mexico. From 1843 a steady stream of emigration from the United States pours into California. In February, 1848, gold is discovered at Sutter’s mills, Colona County, and as stories of the fabulous richness of the gold fields of California reach the East in 1849, an emigration unparalleled in the history of the country sets in, by steamers and sailing vessels around Cape Horn, across the Isthmus, and through the vast uninhabited regions of the Rocky Mountains, where many a gold hunter perishes. Before the announcement of the discovery of gold reaches the East, the Board has arranged for the departure of a missionary to GROWTH OF THE SOCIETY’S WORK. 839 California. Eev. O. C. Wheeler leaves, December 1st, 1848, via the Isthmus of Panama; his destination San Francisco. Soon after, Eev. H. W. Eead is appointed, and arrangements are made for him to go overland with a large company by a southern route ; but in New Mexico this missionary becomes impressed with the importance of that field, and secures the consent of the Board to remain there. Thus at Santa Fe, in 1849, New Mexico is visited by the first Protestant missionary under the auspices of the American Baptist Home Mis¬ sion Society. In 1850 two other missionaries are appointed to Cali¬ fornia, but the expense of sending and supporting laborers here is enormous, and enlargement, therefore, is not rapid. The Board proclaim it “ our duty to preach the Gospel to our scattered, far-roaming countrymen and brethren, for therefore are we called; ’ and are impressed with the importance of Christianizing the population of California in order that saving influences may go be¬ yond the Pacific. “Who is prepared to say that the events in our country’s history the past three years, by which so large and wonderful an area has been given to us upon the shores of the Pacific Ocean, are not ordained in infinite wisdom as special preparation for the conversion of the heathen nations to Christ ? Following the course of the natural luminary of day, the lights of truth and righteousness have moved westward into this great continent, not to terminate their career_ but to pass its bounds and shed their lustre upon the lands of death and dark¬ ness still further onward.” While these words are being uttered, the ‘‘Celestials” are on the way to our own shores, and in 1851 it is announced that there are now 1,600 Chinese in ban Francisco, and there is an opportunitv at this moment for preaching the Gospel to natives of almost every country of the globe. Here is a foreign mission field transferred to our owm shores. The Society gives attention to it in 1852, although several years pass before a suitable missionary for this people is secured. Eeturning now eastward, we find the Valley of the Mississippi needing, perhaps, more than ever, the care of the Society. The rea¬ sons are thus presented : “Many thousand (some estimate the number at 40,000) of the male popula¬ tion of that rich and beautiful section have this year (1850) proceeded to Califor¬ nia. A laige number of fine farms are heavily mortgaged for loans at ruinous interest, to laise the necessary outfit; many have been sold at a great sacrifice ; not a few are deserted by their owners ; while elsewhere the wives and children of the absent gold-diggers, are struggling with difficulties and hardships for an existence, till they return. Many of them will never return. Already the 340 HISTORICAL SKETCH. grave holds large numbers of them in its cold embrace ; and many others will find the resting place of their fallen humanity within the roar of the Pacific’s surges. In this enterprise funds are absorbed, the quantity of circulating me¬ dium in this great valley is diminished, churches are less able to support the Gospel, and, with their ministers, are discouraged on account of absent mem¬ bers of their congregations. Under such circumstances, applications for mis¬ sionary aid are, in particular cases, protracted beyond previous anticipation, and in some respects the progress of Home Missions is arrested. “ A correspondent in Illinois, alluding to the subject, says : ‘As to religion, it is a low time among us. The California excitement absorbs every other in¬ terest. We hear nothing but gold, gold, GOLD : but not that sort which is ‘tried in the fire.’ Over one hundred persons have gone from my neighbor¬ hood. I thank God I have not had the fever, though I have suffered much from the chills, on account of those who have gone aw’ay from us.’ ” With unanticipated demands coming from tliese depleted districts, the Society is perplexed about the enlargement of its operations in the opening territories. Nevertheless it pushes onward in 1849 into Minnesota, just admitted as a Territory. Through all this region new populations are entering, and these must be followed up. Hence the increase in missionary force at this period in the Mississippi Valley. In Illinois the increase is from 22 for the year ending April, 1850, to 32 in 1851, and 3G in 1852 ; in Indiana, from 8 in 1850 to 14 in 1851, and 20 in 1852 ; in Wisconsin, from 13 in 1850 to 21 in 1851, and 24 in 1852 ; in Iowa, from 14 in 1850 to 19 in 1852. While the West has been developing so rapidly, clamoring for more men and more mone}^ a field within a field has likewise de¬ manded attention in the East. Immigration in 1852 has reached the enormous proportions of 371,003 persons. Among these. Baptist views are finding lodgment, while both the Christian and the patriot see the importance of the evangelization of this people. Missionary work among the Germans, taken up in 1840, is enlarged ; the mis¬ sion at Grand Ligne, Canada, among the French, is adopted in 1849, and carried onward for years ; in 1848 is the first planting of missions among the Scandinavians, which become more and more promising as the years pass by. Thus, amid calls from all quarters of the continent and from many classes of people, the twentieth year of the Society’s history closes, and the managers of the Society are bewildered and bowed down under the magnitude of the work to be done with the limited re¬ sources at their command—for the cash receipts from all sources, reported in 1852, are only $39,885.30. The Society cries aloud for help : GROWTH OF THE SOCIETy’s WORK. 341 “The cause of Home Missions has never assumed so important an aspect as wears at the present moment, Witli a population, one-quarter of which already of emigration still pouring in upon us-more than 1,000 per day from Europe, a majority of whom are Papists-it has become a question of no ordinary interest whether our ciyil and religious institutions are to remain American or to become European. The streams of emigration have also opened upon our far western shores, from Eastern Asia, from the islands of the Pacihc, from Mexico and South America. Our Home Mission Society has become in part essentially fareiejn. It is sustaining missionaries who are preaching the gospel in five different languages, and in many instances, to those who have come to our shores from far distant lands, to whom missiona- ries are sent from among us at a vast exj)ense. ” The Southern States, after 1845, when on account of the question of slavery the Baptists from that section withdraw from the Society and form another organization, naturally receive less and less atten¬ tion; though in 1852 there is one missionary in Delaware and one among the Germans in Missouri. By tlie Act of Congress, May 30tli, 1864, the territories of Kansas and Nebraska are carved out of the Louisiana purchase. At the same time the Missouri Compromise Bill of 1820, prohibiting slaverv m these regions, IS declared ‘inoperative and void.” Emio-ration fioin New England and the Northern States, and also from the South¬ ern States, IS stimulated by the desire to secure the territories for free¬ dom on the one hand or for slavery on the other. Until the financial revulsion in 1857 the influx is wonderful. The Society, if possible must keep pace with events, and so in 1854 enters Kansas and in 1856 Nebraska. Mith the expansion of the Western mission field a new depart¬ ment of work forces itself upon the Society. Church edifices are needed. In 1853 the Society adopts plans for meeting the destitution, and after several years brings into prominence this feature of the missionaiy enterprise. The great enterprise of spanning the continent with a railway is begun by the preliminary survey in 1860 ; and, amid great rejoicings, the silver spike is driven at its conpiletion, in Ogden, Utah, May 10th, 1869. In 1855 a missionary is supported on the Island of St. Andrews, in the Caribbean Sea, the island being a part of the domain of New Grenada, South America. In 1862 a new and vast field is opened, and what is known as the Freedmen M ork ” of the Society begins. Its growth is elsewhere de¬ scribed. Its educational operations, particularly, attain vast pro¬ portions, and require great care in the coming years Not only 342 HISTORICAL SKETCH. among the blacks, but also among the whites, as means allow, is mis¬ sionary labor performed; for the impoverished condition of the South at the close of the war appeals to Christian sympathy. In 1873 it is reported that among-the whites, as well as the blacks, the Society’s missionaries have “ gladly and vigorously worked.” “No appointments which the Board makes, are voted through with greater heartiness or unaminity than those for the benefit of the Caucasian race in the South. Native Southern men too are among our appointees : brethren they are, in some instances, of rare worth and piety and devotion. The board delight to sustain such in preaching and teaching the gospel of Jesus to perishing sin¬ ners.” The first appointment to Colorado is in 1864; to Dakota, Wyoming, and Idaho, the same year ; and to Washington Territory in 1870. Hardl}" are the stakes strengthened in one quarter, before the So¬ ciety is called to lengthen its cords in another. In 1865, missionary work among the Indians is transferred from the Missionary Union to the Home Mission Society. This involves no little care and re¬ sponsibility just at the close of the war, whose ravages have been severely felt in the Indian Territory. Great wisdom is required to adjust measures satisfactorily to all concerned. The stopping place is not 3 ^et. In 1869, the Republic of Mexico with its new constitution granting liberty of worship, is open to the Society, and the few Baptists therein appeal for aid. So in 1870, the work begins in Mexico and is carried on for years—then for a time suspended, but resumed in 1881, with a purpose to enlarge it and make it keep pace with the material progress and the general devel¬ opment of the country. From 1879 onward, attention is directed anew to the unprece¬ dented multitudes flocking hither from Europe, reaching to more than half a million in 1881, and about 700,000 in 1882. Among the Ger¬ mans, the Scandinavians, and the French, though the missionary force is largely increased, it is still inadequate to the task. AVith 1879, after the arrest of the five or six preceding years, a new era of development dawns upon the nation. A^ast railroad en¬ terprises are projected; thousands of miles of road being con¬ structed annually, opening new regions to settlement. The most strenuous efforts are required to keep abreast of the rapid movements of the time. AMthin the three years, ending 1882, the mission¬ ary force is nearly doubled and the receipts of that period far ex¬ ceed those of any other three years in the Society’s history. Now, also, as the alarming destitution of Church edifices in the GROWTH OF THE SOCIETY'S WORK. 343 West IS disclosed, the Church edifice feature of the Society’s work, after several years of comparative inattention, receives special notice.' The Church edifice benevolent fund is established in 1881, and more edifices are erected the ensuing, than in any previous year. Interest in the Southern work is also revived at this time, and in three years the number of schools is increased from eight to thirteen, several large buildings are erected and the attendance of pupils is’ doubled. New plans for co-operation with several State conventions of the colored poeple are adopted and go into effect. And as the in¬ creasing intelligence of the colored people calls for schools of an im¬ proved character, a Superintendent of Education is appointed to apiffy his wisdom and experience to the w^ork of meeting the new demands. Also in the Indian Territoiy, a higher institution for the education of Indian youth intending to preach the Gospel, and for others also, is opened ; thus marking a new stage in the religious progress of this race. From the Southwest, from Texas and Arkansas, into wdi'ich States new life is being infused, come urgent requests for the Society’s aid; and so the fiftieth year of the Society closes, with the hands of the’ Society and of four Southwestern Conventions clasped for the comple-‘ tion of the work begun nearly a half century before. Hardly is this effected before the tremendous immigration to the new Northwest, along the line of the new railroads, and down the Ked liiver Valley into Manitoba, compels the Society to strengthen its forces in that quarter; and so, in res23onse to urgent requests from Manitoba,—that sees no hope of help from the Churches of the Provinces, weakened by emigration,—the Society whose field is North America, in 1882 extends its aid to struggling brethren there, as also to those in the farther realm of Pritish Columbia. Utah, which in 1871-72 received the brief service of a missionary, who seems to have shaken the dust from his feet at his departure, is entered in 1880, with a resolute purpose on the part of the Society to stay, even though the establishment of Baptist Churches there be a costly undertaking. Operations in New Mexico are resumed in 1880 ; Arizona is occu¬ pied in 1879 ; Montana, wiiicli from 1871 to 1873 enjoyed the labors of a missionary, but for years subsequently is left destitute, is reoccu¬ pied permanently in 1880; while all through the newer States and Territories, the missionary force is greatly strengthened. 344 HISTORICAL SKETCH. This rapid survey of the Society’s work in a field so vast, so swiftly changing and growing, suggests the necessity on the part of the Executive Board of increasing vigilance in seizing strategic points ; and the importance of a wise and flexible 23olic3" adapted to the ex¬ igencies of the times ; while it also suggests the difficulties and perplexities that must be encountered in equitably weighing and adjusting rival claims, as well as in awakening and sustaining among the churches interest sufficient to secure the requisite offerings for the prosecution of the manifold work entrusted to the Society, as the general organization of American Baptists for the Evangeliza¬ tion of North America. The proper administration of affairs, so complicated and various, requires, indeed, “ the wisdom that cometh from above.” In 1882 the principal mission field of the Society is in the Valley of the ^Mississippi, reaching from Galena to New Orleans, in which it is said nearly 4,000,000 of people dwell—while beyond the river is the almost unbroken wilderness. In 1882 the same territory contains upwards of 17,000,000. In the mission fields beyond the MississqDpi are 8,000,000 of souls and 10,000,000 jmore in Mexico ; while nearly 8,000,000 of foreigners and 7,000,000 of colored persons, to a greater or less extent, are included in the Society’s care, and bless God for what it has wrought in their behalf. The growth of the Society’s work, taken by decades, is indicated by the following figures: Average annual receipts of first decade, $12,453 ; second decade, $24,844 ; third decade, $44,170 ; fourth decade, $114,910 ; fifth decade, $175,953. The average annual mis¬ sionary aj^pointments the first decade, 77 ; second decade, 115 ; third decade, 131 ; fourth decade, 258 ; fifth decade, 327. The sun of 1832 shines on a Spartan band of fifty missionaries, all speaking the English language ; the sun of 1882 on five hundred and thirteen,'’’among whom are representatives of four distinct races, who preach the Gospel in nine different languages. It is a good beginning, when during the first year $0,580.73 are secured for the new Society. It is a glorious ending when in the fiftieth year there comes into the same treasury the princely sum of $359,300.08, while indirectly and largely through its influence there pass into the work in which it is engaged additional offerings that swell the total to $458,390.37. iMost appropriate is it that in response to the Society’s invitation at the celebration of its Jubilee, delegates and representatives from all GROWTH OF THE SOCIETY’S WORK. 345 sen?- tLf tl Mexico, should be pre- indic f * ^ crowded audiences, ndieatmg tlie schools and missionary stations in forty-six states temtorms and countries, should exhibit the Continental extent of the bociety s operations; and that there should he gathered together in one p ace and in one meeting representatives of the diverse peoples and nationalities among whom the Society has wrought-the Ameri- can, the Geraan the Scandinavian, the Frenchman, the Mexican, the Indian, the Freedman, the Chinese-all in tui-n thanking God or the work of the Society, and blending their voices in songs of praise to their common Redeemer. The impressive words and thi-ill- mg incidents of this remarkable meeting wUl never be forgotten by those privileged to be present. To God, who alone giveth the increase, be all the glory. 22 CHAPTER IX. Benjamin M. Hill, 1). 1). “ Through wisdom is an house builded; and by understanding is it estab¬ lished.”~Prov. 24, 3. Twenty-two years’ continuous service as Corresponding Secretary of the Society is in itself indicative of the esteem and confidence in which the occupant of tliis position was held by his brethren, and of his eminent fitness for the place. By this long official career of Rev. Benjamin ]\I. Hill, nearly half the period of the Society’s history is covered. The available material for a sketch of his earlv history is scanty. The place of his birth is Newport, R. I., and the date April 5, 1793. His literary and medical course in Pennsylvania University, is broken off bv the death of his father. At the a^e of nineteen he is con- O verted ; at twenty-two, licensed to preach ; and in 1818, at twenty-five, ordained. For about twent 3 '-two years he labors with much success as pastor of the Baptist churches in Leicester, Mass., Stafford and New Haven, Ct., and Troy, N. Y. The duration of his New Haven pastorate is nine years, and of that at Troy ten years. These churches receive large accessions during his ministry. One hundred and twenty-five unite with the Troy churidi by baptism within two years of his settlement there. On the 18th of October, 1839, tlie Executive Committee of the Home Mission Society make choice of him for Corresponding Secre¬ tary, in the place of Rev. Luther Crawford, deceased. Accepting on condition that he be not required to relinquish the charge of his church until a suitable successor is found, he enters upon the duties of his office, March, 1840, at the age of forty-seven. His faitli, his energy, his administrative ability are severely tested from tlie first; for during the long vacancy' in the Corresponding Secretary’s office, the unfolding of the Society’s plans have received a check, while the general and grievous financial embarrassments of the country, following the panic of 1837, preclude the expectation of immediate advance. But, knomiig how' to labor and BENJAMIN M. HILL. 347 to wait, he begins by resuming the publication of “the quarterly paper,” to disseminate information about the Society’s aims and methods. After a year its publication is discontinued, and the weekly religious press is used for this purpose. But, in 1849, The Home Misdoyi Record is started, and for the rest of his term of office continues to be 2 J)ublished under his editorial management, except for brief periods, when he is relieved by others. The fact that the circulation of the Record in 1851 reaches 13,000 copies, and 16,000 a few years later, indicates his ability. In the great controversies concerning slavery and concerning the Bible Society, with which the denomination is rent during the period of . his administration, he pursues a course eminently conservative, maintaining official reticence, though having positive convictions on these subjects. Hence, in a circular of the Executive Committee to the churches, signed by Dr. Cone, Chairman, and Dr. Hill, Correspond¬ ing Secretary, and issued February 20,1841,after stating that “They yield to the stress of circumstances in speaking, when otherwise they would gladly keep silence.” We find the following expressions con¬ cerning the position of the Society on the question of slavery: “ The wish has been manifested, on either side, that voluntary societies, our own among the number, should act upon this question, either by disap¬ proving the civil institutions of the South, or censuring the course of those at the North, who impugn these institutions. The Executive Committee believe that voluntary societies have no such right. It would be traveling out of the record to allow the introduction of the question, or admit it even as a subject of conference in the Society. We must, in doing so, act uncom¬ missioned, and trample upon the ruins of our Constitution, to arrive at the question. . . . And prayerfully and solemnly, in all kindness, but in all earnestness, the Executive Committee must, with their views as to the proper province of the Society and its Committee, claim an exemption from any share in such a discussion. If any officer or agent has, through inadvertence, held different language, it has not been with the authority of this Committee.” The whole tone of the circular is characteristic of Dr. Hill, and may be taken as fairly reflecting his s^Dirit—a spirit of kindness and conciliation. At the annual meeting in 1844, he defines his position and that of the Board on the exciting topic before the Society, stating that he is answerable for the recent correspondence on the subject, and which has been declared to be too indefinite, saying : “ It was sufficiently definite to show that tiie Executive Committee acted on the Constitution, and indefinite eiiougli not to commit the Board to any 848 HISTORICAL SKETCH. opinion. The Board was not the place to discuss the subject.” He, therefore, opposes the resolution of Mr. Adlain that the Society define its position concerning- the appointment of slave¬ holding missionaries. For the sake of properly meeting the re¬ ligious destitution of the country through the united Society, lie strives to hold an equal balance in these troublous times, when even on the floor of the annual meeting in 1844, a prominent pastor of Massachusetts, despairing of a solution of the problem, introduces a motion that the Society be dissolved and the object for which it was formed be referred back to the State Conventions, and that the funds remaining after the payment of debts be distributed to the Conventions. A knowledge of these circumstances is necessary to a proper un¬ derstanding and appreciation of Dr. Hill’s attitude at this time, while it also shoAVS the value of his conservative sjnrit at a moment when an extreme or rash utterance would have been the spark to biing about an explosion. It must be remembered also that dui-ing the four years of this agitation, extremists of both sections ply the Corresponding Secretary with inquiries, in order that from his re¬ plies something might be gathered for their advantage; Asdiile the religious press, engaging in the discussion, bombard the Secretary, as the representative of the Committee, with their heated interroga¬ tions. Notwithstanding all this, and the frequent misrepresenta¬ tions to which he is subjected, his equipoise is not disturbed. And later, in the stormy times when the relations of the Soci¬ ety to the Bible Societies become so delicate, on account of the sensi¬ tiveness of many lest the Society should seem to throw even the shadow of its influence one way or the other, and when some actu¬ ally take steps toward the organization of a Western Home ^Mission Societ}'; his intimate friendship Avith Dr. Cone, President of the Bible Union, Avithout doubt, has not a little to do in restraining the projectors from the unwise course. A severer trial of his administration (;omes near its close, Avhen, in consequence of the panic of 1857, the trejisury of the Society is low, missionary operations are curtailed, and a general feeling of despond¬ ency prevails. At such times croakers censure men and societies for not doing more, when in fact they are circumscribed and ham¬ pered on every side by inadequate resouices. Early in 1858 a cry is raised about the great cost at Avhich the benevolent Avork of societies is conducted. The remedy proposed is a “ consolidation ” of tAvo or BENJAMIN M. HILL. 349 moie of these societies. And in some quarters the threat is made to starve out the societies by withholding contributions and thus compelling consolidation. Dr Hill, as Secretary, is thus required to correct misstatements mmntain confidence in the Society, and justify its continuance. e Hst difficulties encountered come as a consequence of the civil war. Of these he writes in 1862: The year past, m the history of our Society, has been one of toil, of com¬ paratively little profit. Our missionaries have labored with zeal, but in the dis- racted condition of the country, their message has often fallen on unlistening ears. Several of them have felt that they were called to go to the field of battle emselves as chaplains, or in some position where they might serve God and their country. Some too have been compelled, in order to provide for their amilies, to leave the work of the ministry, or, at least, to devote themselves but partially to it, and resort to secular employment; and the straitened condition o our finances has compelled us to forego the reappointment of some whose services we deeply regretted losing, lest we should be plunged irretrievably in QG Dt* And the Secretary in May, 1862, truly remarks that the brethren_ Can know but little of the deep anxiety, the crushing fears for the safety o our enterprise and for the future of Baptist Home Missions, which filled our carts in those days of thick darkness that enshrouded our land last summer.” During the term of his Secretaryship, the Society becomes incorpor¬ ated ; the French mission at Grand Ligne, Canada, which he visits for inquiry into its work and prospects, is taken up ; missions are es¬ tablished among the foreign populations in this country; and the church edifice work began. In all these measures, as Secretary, he necessarily bears a prominent part. The statistical tables of the Society show his methodical hand. His correspondence with laborers in the Society’s service reveals the ten¬ der, sympathetic nature of the man. In official as well as in personal matters, his reticence sometimes leads to a misconception of the man, who in friendly intercourse exhibits a genial, generous nature. Pains¬ taking, faithful, most conscientious, safe in counsels, rather than sanguine and enthusiastic, he accomplishes what, in the pecuHar cir- cumsUnces of his time and lot, perhaps another of different charac¬ teristics would have failed to accomplish. 350 HISTORICAL SKETCH. Coming to his post when the country staggers under the effects of great financial reverses, and passing through nearly a quarter of a century of arduous labor, he retires from the Secretaryship in 1862, at the age of sixty-nine, while the country reels under the blows of civil strife. Retiring to the quiet of private life, though not giving him¬ self up to inactivity, he lays off his armor January 15, 1881, at the advanced age of eighty-seven years. Great was his privilege to have lived from 1794 to 1881, to have witnessed in such a hfetime the marvelous developments of the age, and to have had so prominent a part in giving religious direction and character to the Western Commonwealths, wherein the feeble churches, planted in the beginning of his administration, in many instances had become strong and fruitful before its close. CHAPTER X. Mechanism and Methods. “ So the workmen wrought, and the work was perfected by them.” 2 Chron. xxiv. 13. After the general smwey of the Society’s operations for fifty years, and before proceeding to consider some features more in detail, we may properly notice the mechanism and the methods by which this has been done. Though in general it may be said that the Society IS but the executive of the denomination, to receive and distribute its offerings for home missions, yet upon a chosen few must rest the mam responsibility of this service. What the composition of the Society really is, by whom its affairs are directed, what its methods are, will be shown in the following pages : Membership in the Society.— The Society’s basis of membership is like that of many other organizations. The first constitution provides that any person may become a member, by an annual contribution, the amount not being specified ; or a life member by the contribu¬ tion of thirty dollars ; or a life director by the contribution of one hundred dollars; that members of auxiliary societies shall be mem¬ bers of the Society, and their officers ex-officio directors of the Society ; also, that any church, or association, or convention, or society contributing to the Society, shall be entitled to representa¬ tion. The present constitution provides for two classes of members —delegates from churches, and life members and life directors, the last two being practically on the same footing. Any Baptist Church in union with the denomination, by an annual contribution of ten dollars, may appoint a delegate, and an additional delegate for each additional thirty dollars. This puts it in the power of churches interested in home missions to have, through their representatives, a voice in the administration of the Society’s affairs. The churches also have had the power from the beginning, as they have now, to secure for themselves a more stable representation by making their 352 HISTORICAL SKETCH. pastors or others, members for life, by the designation of their con¬ tributions for this purpose. The majority of life members have been made so by the churches. The life membership idea, therefore, is not designed to throw the control of the Society into the hands of the moneyed few, but is in line with the theory of church representation in ben¬ evolent work of this character. In so far as individuals comply with the conditions, it is manifestly proper that they, as well as contributing churches, should have a voice in the affairs of the Society,—for to whom should these be entrusted but to persons who, by their gifts, have expressed their interest in the work ? The first year six persons are constituted life directors, five of them by churches ; and thirteen, life members, ten of them by churches. The whole number of life directors and life members from the be¬ ginning is as follows, as shown by decades : 1832-42, Life Directors, 139 ; Life Members, 518 1843-52, cc “ 264 Ci 2,080 1853-62, C( “ 272 Ci C 1 2,025 1863-72, i6 “ 473 ti i ( 2,890 1873-82, 6C “ 269 i( Ci 2,023 Total “ 1,417; it C ( 9,536 Nearly half of the life directors and more than half of the t members have been made such by the contributions of churches, the remainder either by themselves, or, as is commonly the case, by their friends and friends of the Society. The Society says in 1847 : “ They are anxious for a continuance of the measure, and to a yet greater extent, until the membership of the Society shall become as numerous even as the denomination itself.” The Executive Committee or Board.— This body, to whom is entrust¬ ed the practical management of the Society’s affairs, consists originally of thirteen persons. At first the}" are not chosen directly by the Society, but by the officers of the Society and the life directors, im¬ mediately after the annual meeting. In 1839 the “ officers of the Society ” include “ fifty directors. ” This feature continues until the abolition of the auxiliary system in 1846. At first the Executive Committee of thirteen includes the Treasurer, Corresponding Secretary, and Recording Secretary. In 1836 the number is thirteen, exclusive of those who are made members ex-officio. In 1840 the MECHANISM ANH MiyPHODS. 353 Auditor is made a member ex-officio. In 1844 the title “ Executive Committee ’ is changed to “ Executive Board.” In 1845 the consti tution is changed to provide for “ fifteen managers, who, "geaer with the Treasurer and Auditor, shall constitute the Executive Board,” In 1849 the Corresponding Secretary and Recording Secre- tary are again made members ex-officio, A proposition in 1856 to change the constitution so that the Society, as a whole, shall elect the Executive Board, is introduced, dis- ?subsequent annual meetings, until, in 860 the constitution is changed to provide for twelve managers, one- half to hold one year, one-half two years, and subsequent elections o ave regard to such terms of service; these managers, with the reasurer, Auditors, and Recording Secretary, to constitute the Ex- ecutive Board. Also, after considerable debate, the power of electing the Board of Managers IS taken from the officers and life directors, and by the amend¬ ed constitution committed directly to the Society, the election to be by ballot. Five years earlier the Executive Board advocate the pre¬ servation of the original prerogatives of the life directors, arguing that to divest them of these would destroy a motive to liberality and iminish the receipts of the Society ; that “ some equivalent privilege or right IS properly due to large donors ; and above all, that the presumption is that most of the directors became such on the con¬ sideration contained in the constitution that the election of managers should devolve on them in connection with the officers of the ^ ociety, and that “ simple justice, therefore, demands their protection,” m the exercise of this vested right, until some satisfactory equivalent IS devised and conferred upon them. Notice of the proposed change having been given in 1859, opportunity is afforded the life directors to assert their rights in this respect. They do not appear to be greatly exercised or distressed about it, as out of some two hundred and fifty life directors but forty-five are present, and of ife members, seventy-six. The change is made by a two-thirds vote. No uni^leasant results follow, tlie presumption being that directors have given their hundred dollars, more for them interest in home missions than for the privilege of electing the Board of Managers. In 1861, the constitution is altered, making the number of man¬ agers fifteen, who, with the Treasurer, Auditors (two), and Eecord- ing Secretary of the Society, shall constitute the Executive Board., 354 HISTORICAI. SKETCH. The laws of New York properly prohibit any paid officer of a Soci¬ ety from being a member of its Executive Board. These fifteen managers are also, at the same time, divided into three classes, holding office respectively one, two, and three years ; so that at each annual meeting of the Society, one class of five per¬ sons is to be elected. This arrangement secures to the Board con- tinuit}’ of existence in the persons and in the experience of its mem¬ bers, and thus gives to its counsels steadiness and wisdom, which are requisite in the management of its important trusts. From 1861 to 1882, the Board is thus constituted, the only change affecting it being made in 1869, in the interest of the Freedmen work, so that New England, if need be, could be represented,—the word “ chiefly ” being inserted in the third article. For convenience, the Board is composed of men living in New York and vicinity ; and to secure the widest experience and the best counsel, is composed about equally of ministers and of business or professional men. The enormous amount of business, requiring the attention of the Board every month, makes necessary its reference to Committees on Finance, on Missions, on Education, on Church Edifice work, on whose recommendations the Board acts, unless, as sometimes ap^oears, there are reasons to the contrary. The Advi¬ sory .Committee has power to act in financial matters in emergencies, when the Board cannot be convened, and in other matters as em¬ powered by the Board. This method of transacting the business of the Board through reference to standing Committees, dates back to 1853. To many members of the Board, whose long continued and unre¬ quited services have been conscientiously devoted to the interests of the Society, much of its prosperity is due ; and to them the de¬ nomination owes a debt of gratitude that words can but feebly ex¬ press. Corresponding Secretaries.— The first constitution provides for but one Corresponding Secretary. In 1836, it is changed to ad¬ mit of more than one ; but in 1838, the Society, on recommendation of the Executive Committee, returns to the single Secretaryship. In 1854, an amendment provides for “ a Corresponding Secretary and a Financial Secretary.” This arrangement continues for three years when a change is made to “ Secretaries of Correspondence,” and the final change in 1860, to “ one or more Corresponding Sec¬ retaries.” MECHANISM ANT) METHODS. 355 Re\. Jonathan Going, the first Corresponding Secretary, continues m office from 1832 until his resignation, Oct. 2, 1837. In May, 1832, Rev. A. Maclay is appointed by the Board, Assistant Corresponding ecre ary. In June, 1835, Rev. Luther Crawford is appointed, pro¬ visionally, an additional Corresponding Secretary, and in 1836 he becomes Associate Corresponding Secretary, by election of the So- ciety; ^d after the retirement of Dr. Going, sole Secretary until his death, Feb. 13, 1839. Rev. J. C. Murphy, Recording Secretary of the Board, conducts e correspondence until the annual meeting, when Rev. Henry Jacks(m of Massachusetts is elected; and then, upon his declination, assumes his office 1 larch, 1840. Dr. Hill serves from 1840 until May, 1862. The Soci- ety appoints Rev. J. R. Stone Assistant Secretary in 1853, and Finan¬ cial Secretary, associated with Dr. Hill, in 1854, in which capacity he remains until 1856. Upon his resignation. Rev. E. T. Hiscox, of New York, IS elected as his successor, and re-elected in 1857, but resigns in view of the change decided upon later, at the same meeting, pro- VI mg only for Secretaries of Correspondence. At this meeting Rev. Nathaniel Colver, of Ohio, is chosen one of the Secretaries of Cor¬ respondence, but owing to the financial condition of the country and other circumstances beyond his control, he declines. In 1859, elected, but his acceptance of the pastorate of a Church in San Francisco, soon after, leads in due time to his res¬ ignation ; and Dr. Hill continues sole Secretary until Ma^^ 1862. Rev. Jay S. Backus, elected in 1862, serves until May, 1874 In June 1865, the Board elect Rev. E. T. Hiscox, D.D., additional Secretary! and upon his declination, in July make choice of Rev. J. N. Murdock, who also declines. Truman J. Backus is then appointed assistant of the Corresponding Secretary. In July, 1866, Dr. E. E. L. Taylor is ap¬ pointed by the Board, under authority of the Society, »Associate Corresponding Secretary for the Indian Department of its work,” and after two years’ attention to the Church Edifice Fund, in ’ May, 1869, IS elected Corresponding Secretary for the Church Edifice department, holding this position until 1874, when he becomes one of two Corresponding Secretaries of the Society; and on the declination of his associate. Dr. Bishop, sole Secretary until his death, Aug. 21, 1874. On Jan. 31, 1867, Dr. J. B. Simmons is elected ad¬ ditional Corresponding Secretary, enters on his duties April 15th continuing until May, 1874. Thus from 1869 to 1874, the Society 356 HISTORICAL SKETCH. has three Corresponding Secretaries, who are expected to devote about half of their time among the people, awakening interest in the objects of the Society and securing contributions for the same. In 1869, to each Secretary is assigned a department—to Dr. Backus, the “ Northern and Western Departmentto Dr. Simmons, the “ Educational and Southern Department; ” to Dr. Tajdor, the “Church Edifice Department.” In 1874, at the annual meeting in Washington, on the report of a Committee appointed the previous year, it is decided to commit the oversight of missions and education to one Secretary, instead of two, and Dr. Nathan Bishop is chosen for this position,' Dr. Taylor con¬ tinuing as Secretary of the Church Edifice w’ork. After the death of Dr. Taylor, the Board, Sept. 10th, 1874, request Dr. Nathan Bishop to act as Corres|3onding Secretary, and in 1875 the Society formally elects him to fill the place. Upon his resignation. Sept. 14th, 1876, the Board appoint S. S. Cutting, D.D., as Acting Corresponding Secretary, who, having been duly elected by the Society in 1877, serves until his resignation. May, 1879, when the present incumbent, H. L. Morehouse, D.D., is elected. In 1881, the Board appoint W. W. Bliss, Esq., Assistant Corresponding Secretary. The duties of the Corresponding Secretary are more than the title indicates. He is not a mere receiver and writer of letters—although the correspondence of the office is enormous, and touches all the important questions relating to the Society—but he is “ the executive officer of the whole organism, clothed, indeed, with limited jiowers, but responsible for a general supervision ” of the three great de¬ partments—Missionary, Educational, and Church Edifice—as well as the financial affairs necessarily connected therewith. Other Officers of the Society and Board.— The reader is referred to the tables for a list of Presidents, Treasurers, and members of the Executive Board, with their terms of service. From 1869, J. M. Whitehead, who entered the service of the Society in 1845, has been the faithful Assistant Treasurer, uj^on whom the principal labor of this office has devolved. The Board appoint J. G. Snelling Assistant Treasui’er of the Church Edifice Fund in 1874, and Recording Sec¬ retary of the Board in 1879. Other officers elected are as follows : Auditors.— Garrat N. Bleecker, 1832; Roswell Graves, 1834 ; John R. Ludlow, 1838; David A. Bokee, 1846; Garrat Noel Bleecker, 1849; mechanism and methods. 357 Smitii Sheldon, 1854, with Kichard Stout, 1857, and John M. f QPO*! ’ f ■ S- Miner, 1861 ; Wm. Phelps from 1862 to date; with J. B. Durbrow, 1862, A. B. Capwell, 186^ mq 1872; without an associate’, 1873 and 18/4 ; since 1875, with Josepli Brokaw. Recording Secketames op the Society. _W. R, Williams, 1832 • 183r A Houghton, 1835 ; John C. Murphy,’ Cooke, 1841; David Bellamy, 1842; Alonzo Wheeloek, 1847- A P Mason, 1819: Ediv. Lathrop, 1850 ; Thos. Armitage, 1853; Samuel Colgate 18o5 ; A. B. Capwell, 1857; E. T. Hiscox, 1861 ; Wm Hague 1869 ; W. V. Garner, 1870 ; E, T. Hiscox, 1871 ; D. B. Jut- ten, lo75. Ch,aiumeh op Executive Committee, and Boakd. -Archibald Maclay, 18o2; Spencer H. Cone, 1837; Elisha Tucker, 1845; Spencer H. Cone S ’ Ti 1856 ; D. M. Wilson, Sant 1880 ’ “ «' Disteict Seceetaeies and AOENCIES—Prom the first, the question is hoAv to engage the attention of the people and enlist them in their judgment the 360 HISTORICAL SKETCH. In 1846, at tlie annual meeting- in Brooldvn, N. Y., the attention of the Society is called to the einbaiTassments arising out of the auxiliary system. Some of these are on account of the great dif¬ ferences in the organization, policy, and business methods of aux¬ iliaries ; the frequent delays and disappointments in consequence of the widely-separated residences of members of auxiliary boards; and especially the difficulty, if not impossibility, of deciding on the right of claimants to vote; and yet more, the evils that at any moment might arise from that provision in regard to auxiliary membership, making all the officers of auxiliary bodies, ex-qfficio, directors of the Home Mission Society, and investing all members of auxiliaries with the full rights and privileges of membership in the Society, with no re¬ strictions as to representation imposed upon auxiliaries. Other difficulties are apprehended. It is also the general feeling that the Society cannot be bound by the course of an inefficient auxiliary, but must be free to act as the circumstances of the times require. Hence, in 1846, upon recommendation of the Executive Committee, the auxiliary system, termed by them “ a latitudinarian compact which admits of evils without a sufficient tendency to counteracting advantages,” is abolished by a change in the constitution. Upon its abandonment, “ Advisory Agencies ” are established. These consist of a few individuals, high in the confidence of the churches, well acquainted Avith the wants of the States they occupy, and favorably situated for intercourse with each other, who are capable of furnishing, on all necessary occasions, A’aluable advice to the Board. Exploring agents Avho traA'erse new fields confer with these agencies. In a feAv years effective agencies of this character are found in Western Canada, Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, ^ and Eastern Canada. As State conventions, how¬ ever, become strong and assume the missionary Avork Avithin their borders, these advisory agencies disappear, and in 1852 the agencies are discontinued, except in the case of the Grand Ligne Mission. From this time forward to 1864, the Society prosecutes its Avork independently, relying mainly on exploring agents and the advice of pastors in the regions Avhere aid is to be given. Co-operation.— In 1863 the Board receives an official communica¬ tion from the General xYssociation of Blinois, through its Correspond¬ ing Secretary, llev. Dr. J. xY. Smith, proposing co-operation betAveen MECHANISM AND METHODS. 361 that tody and the Society in the mission work of the State. After much deliberation the Board adopt and inaugurate a “ plan of co- opeiatiou with State conventions, and publish the foUowing resolutions: ^ conventions end other or g ation.s for home mission purposes to co-operate with this Societv bv assisting in the collection of funds for the treasiirv ooioHr,„ '’y desirable fields for us to cultivate, and directing our attention to tL menTlmy deem most suitable for missionary work. ^ “ In return, we will, according to oiir best discretion, and to the extent of our ability, appoint such men to occupy such fields, and when desired till cause to be sent to such organisations duplicate copies of all our reports from our missionaries in their States or supported by their funds desionaterrcco ^ mg to Article VII. of the Constitution of this Society.” ' '' ' The Board, in explanation of this action, say that the Society is e Society tor Baptists of the new as well as of the older States, Ld It IS the desire to present a way in which all Baptists can work to¬ gether, and “Ephraun have no occasion to envy Judah, or Judah to vex Ephiiuni ; adding that “the importance of such unity of spirit and of eftort ’ cannot be overestimated. The original aim of the ounders of the Society reappears in this measure. In 1865 the Society takes another step in advance, by adopting a resolution in- V! mg all conventions to report their need and their statistics to the Society, and to “ send delegations to sit in the future sessions of the body. Ill 1866 the Society is in co-operation with four conventions the next year with seven, to which in 1869 are added that of New York and m 1870 of Florida. In 1872 the report of the Board emphasizes the importance of general co-operation in home missions, first be¬ tween missionary committees of churches and like committees of associations, then between these latter and the committees or boards of State conventions, and liiiaDy between these and the Society; which in turn should give information and inspiration to State conventions the State conventions to associations, and the associations to the churches. Christian households, the domestics are called in to to*^ro r n reverently as jirayer is oflered ‘“ceting-house masters and slaves 1 o le same seimon the slaves usually occupj-iiig the rear seats or the galleries. Separate services on Sunday afternoon are fiequeiitly held tor the slaves. Those who give evidence of conver¬ sion^ are received into the Church on relation of their experience, a tei baptism, and sit with their masters at the Lord’s table. In many of the Baptist Churches, according to high authority, an act o ciuelty to a slave is considered as much a subject of Church disci- p me as anj othei ofteiise. In the far South, however, on equally iigi authority such offenses rarely receive attention of the Churches Before A. D. 1800 we find, as the result of efforts put forth for the conversion ot the slaves, that considerable numbers of them have been received into the Baptist Churches of the country. As their numbers increase and accommodations in the same edifice are in- suflioient tor both the whites and the negroes, separate Churches for the latter are organized. Naturally, tiiis first takes place in cities wliere population is greatest. The First Colored' Baptist Church of Savannah, Ga., dates its 388 HISTORICAL SKETCH. organization from 1788. The origin of this Church, according to Rippon as quoted in Benedict’s History of the Baptists, possesses peculiar interest. About the beginning of the Revolutionany war, a black man, George Leile, sometimes called George Sharp, is converted under the preaching of a Baptist minister. Rev. ^Matthew ]\Ioore, in Burke Co., S. C., by this minister baj^tized and by the Church of wliich he is pastor licensed to preach. His labors among the people of his own color on different plantations are blessed to the conversion of many souls. When the British evacuate the countiy, he removes with others to Jamaica, where like success attends his ministrv and a large Church is gathered. Previous to his departure lie visits Savannah, where he baptizes xlndrew Bryan and three others. “ About nine months after his departure, Andrew began to exhort his black brethren and friends and a few whites who assembled to hear him. Edward Davis, Esq., permitted him and his hearers to erect a rough wooden building on his land at Yamacraw, in the suburbs of Savannah. Of this building they were in a short time artfully dispossessed. It appears that these poor defense¬ less slaves met with much opposition from the rude and merciless white people, who, under various pretences, interrupted their worship, and otherwise treated them in a barbarous manner. Andrew Bryan, and his brother Samson, who was converted about a year after him, were twice imprisoned, and they, with about fifty others, without much ceremony, were severely whipped. x4ndrew was inhumanly cut, and bled abundantly; but while under their lashes, he held up his hands and told his persecutors, ‘ that he rejoiced not only to be whipped but would freely suffer death for the cause of Christ. The Chief Justices Henry Osbourne, James Habersham, and David Montague, Esqs., were their examinants, who released them. Jonathan Bryan, Esq., the kind master of Andrew and Samson, interceded for his own servants, and the rest of the sufferers, and was much grieved at their punishment. The design of these unrighteous proceed¬ ings against these poor innocent people, was to stop their religious meetings. Their enemies pretended that under a pretence of religion they were plotting mischief and insurrections; but by well doiny, they at length silenced and shamed their persecutors, and ac(iuired a number of very respectable and in- rtuential advocates and patrons, who not only rescued them from the power of their enemies, but declared that such treatment as they had received would be condemned among barbarians. The Chief Justice Osbourne then gave them liberty to continue their worship any time between sun-rising and sun-set; and the benevolent Jonathan Bryan told the magistrates that he would give them the liberty of his own house or barn, at a place called Brampton, about three miles from Savannah, and that they should not be interrupted in their worship. From this period, .\ndrew and Samson set up meetings at their master’s barn, where they had little or no interniption for about two years.” Such was the beginning of the tirst African Church in Savannah, which after having been the mother of others, could report in 1848, about 1,200 members. The incident shows how amid opposition L.4B0KS OF BAPTISTS FOB THE NEGRO IN AMERICA. 389 from the ungodly, the colored people received help and sympathy from their Christian friends in their attempt to lead reliiace the Society in •the front rank of those toiling for the elevation of the freedmen. A protracted discussion, however, ensues on the following resolu¬ tions, which are finally adojAed: “ Resolved, That the Society will expect of its Executive Board, that, un¬ deterred by any impracticable strict construction, they should feel themselves bound to carry into effect, in all wise and feasible ways, the evangelization of the freedmen, and to aid them in the erection or procurement of Church and school edifices, when requisite. ‘^Resolved, That the Society will expect of all churches and associations con¬ nected with it, a vigorous and hearty co-operation not only in raising the funds needed in the present exigency, but also in commending to the Board for em- jiloyment, such fitting instruments—preachers, colporteurs and teachers, male and female—as they know to be well qualified and faithful.” With the adoption of these resolutions the Society stands com¬ mitted to a broader, more comprehensive policy. Alost jn’onounced are its utterances as expressed in the re 2 )oi’t of the committee on work in the South. “We should devoutly recognize in these upheavals of society the hand of God, and be swift to follow in the track of his majestic providences. We ought to bend every energy and employ every available resource in giving the Gospel in its fullness to all the recently slaveholding States, with no truth which per¬ tains to either God or man mutilated or repressed.” The work in the South must be prosecuted by men “ emphatically WORK AMONG THE FREEDMEN-THE NEW ERA. 405 loyal to good government and to God, and wdio feel tlie strongest and tenderest symjDatliy with downtrodden humanity;” men con¬ cerning whom there is “ tlie most abundant and undoubted proof that they are opposed to every form of oppression;” men “who have unyielding endurance, and are willing to suffer, if need be, with that Saviour whose glory they shall finally share.” The action is hailed with general satisfaction at the North; and when on the 18th of December, 1865, President Johnson officially announces that a majority of the States have ratified the constitu¬ tional amendment abolishing slavery, and thus the door of access to the colored people swings Avide open, the Baptists of the North enter to prosecute the work on a broader and more substantial basis. The methods of the Society contemplate three things: General mis¬ sionary work in winning men to Christ and gathering them into churches; secular education to enable the people to read the Bible; the education of ministers through ministers’ classes at central points. Neary every missionary devotes a part of his time regularly to the instruction of the colored ministers and people. Among these we find Prof. H. J. Ripley, at Savannah, Ga.; Dr. Solomon Peck, at Beaufort, N. C.; Rev. H. L. Wayland, at Nashville, Tenn.; Rev. D. W. Phillips, at Knoxville, Tenn., and others elsewhere; Avhile in the schools are gathered over 4,000 pupils, eager to learn, and the most recep¬ tive, most plastic people God ever gave His Church to fashion for Himself. Thirty-five missionaries, with sixty-two assistant mission¬ aries are reported as laboring exclusively among the freedmen dur¬ ing 1865-6. Designated funds for the freedmen come into the Treasury to the amount of $21,386.26, while $40,000 are expended during the same year. The Board feel authorized in drawing thus largely on general receipts, under the instructions of the Society in 1865 .*^ But some are not content that the Society shall do this work of Christian education, questioning whether it is fully warranted by the constitution, and alleging that the diversion of funds wiU seriously cripple Western missionary operations. On the other hand it is held that this is, indeed, missionary work of the highest order, and there is no fear that Western missions will suffer in consequence of it. Early in 1866 a committee of the National Theological Institute, a charter having been obtained from Congress, ask of the Board of the Society a conference in regard to calling a general convention to deter¬ mine whether the Society or a distinct organization, like the “ In- 406 HISTORICAL SKETCH. stitute,” shall conduct the work of Christian education for the colored people. The conference takes place in April, resulting in an under¬ standing that the Society at its coming meeting should afford oppor¬ tunity for the consideration of the question, and “ that the denomi¬ nation generally be invited to be present and participate in the con¬ ference.” The meeting in Tremont Temple, Boston, in May, 1866, is large and influential. The discussion on the questions whether the Society shall go on with the establishment of schools, and provide for the purchase of property and raising and controlling the necessary funds by a supervisory committee, runs through three sessions. Finally, after the discussion and rejection of many resolutions, amendments, and substitutes, the following, offered by Dr. Hiscox, of N. Y., is adopted by an almost unanimous vote: * llesolved. That the Board of this Society he instructed to continue their work among the freednien, with such increased efficiency as the means placed at their disposal will allow; giving such especial attention to the religious educa¬ tion of the colored preachers as in their discretion the circumstances of the case demand and their means will permit.” This disposition of a cj[uestion so important, a question in which the denomination had felt so deep an interest, is greeted with satisfaction, the vast audience arising and singing: “The morning light is breaking.” The leaders of the new Society, finding a large majority of the denomination in favor of prosecuting this work through the Home Mission Society, cheerfully and gracefully resign their offices, bowing to the will of their brethren, determined that the denomina¬ tion should not be divided by their agency. The Society instructs the Board in its discretion to appoint two additional Secretaries, in order that the work at the West and South may receive proper attention. Early in 1867 Rev. J. B. Simmons, of Philadelphia, is elected an additional Secretary, and enters on his duties April 15th, it being understood that his attention will be given conjointly with Dr. Backus, to the Society’s work at large. But, to the surprise of many, the “ Institute ” is reorganized by some of its friends, who do not concede that the action above referred to necessarily carries with it the dissolution of the organization. The headquarters of the Institute are transferred to Boston. Many eminent and excellent men still hold to it. Its annual meeting in 1867, when Rev. J. D. Fulton is chosen president, ajq^oints a committee to confer with a similar committee that may be appointed b}" the Home IMission WORK AMONG THE FREEDMEN-THE NEW ERA. 407 Society at the Chicago meeting, ‘‘ in regard to the work in which we are engaged.” Schools are reported under Dr. Turney, at Washing¬ ton, Alexandria, Williamslmrg, and L^mchburg; under Dr. Colver at Richmond and Petersburg. Receipts for the year are $18,000 in cash and $3,000 in clothing, books, &c. The Society, however, resting on the action of the previous year, and seeing no good to follow the reopening of discussion, decides adversely to the conference, and adopts resolutions supporting the Board,— “In carrying on and extending.tliat portion of their work which has already given instruction to more than three hundred colored brethren engaged in the ministry or having it in view, as equally demanded by the exigencies of the Society, whose great object is to promote the preaching of the Gospel in every part of the land; ” and also “bidding God-speed to any similar or affiliated in¬ stitution having in view the same or kindred objects.” In adopting the report of the Board, the Society, not relin¬ quishing common school instruction, yet recognizing the influence of the preachers as leaders, perceive that if the youth are educated while the preachers are neglected, the former, from their higher intellectual plane, will look down on the latter; and these, in consequence, will lose much of their influence over the educated youth, who will drift into immorality and infidelity. Hence it is declared that “ the most direct, accessible, and effective way of teaching the mass of the colored people is by educating the colored ministry. ” It is further declared that the irregular instruction imparted by missionaries, while important, is inadequate; and that established institutions are demanded. To this end efforts are at once directed. In Washington, D. C., and in Nashville, Tenn., before April, 1867, grounds and buildings are procured valued at $10,000; good accommodations are obtained for Dr. Chaplin’s school, at New Orleans, La. ; while at Raleigh, Richmond, Alexandria, Culpepper, Fredericksburg, Williamsburg, Petersburg, Murfreesboro, Albany, and Ashland, other schools are in operation, some of them with a view to permanency. Over three hundred preachers receive instruction. Ministers’and deacons’ “In¬ stitutes ” are also held. Fifty-nine teachers are employed in day schools for the education of colored youth. Assisted by advanced scholars they give instruction to 6,136 pupils. Positive Christian influence and teaching prevail in the schools. Many are converted. A vast amount of missionary labor is performed by these teachers in the communities where schools are located. As to pureh' missionarv work, the rejjort of 1867 says,— 408 HISTORICAL SKETCH. “ Fifty ordained ministers, or about one-sixth of the whole number em¬ ployed by the Society during the year, have been commissioned to labor ex¬ clusively for the colored people. Thirty of them were colored preachers, and have devoted themselves to the work of the Lord in important cities and districts in the Southern States. We have aided ninety-seven colored Baptist Churches, by partiall}' or wholly supporting their pastors, or by helping them to secure meeting-houses.” For the work nearly $37,000 have been received. The denomina¬ tion rallies around the Society which at the meeting in 18G7, with a settled policy and with additional Corresponding Secretaries, pro¬ ceeds to grander undertakings. Inasmuch as the whole work of secular and religious education, for both old and young, cannot be carried on by the Society, and also as a result of the policy above mentioned, the Board in 1868 re¬ port that,— “We have sustained schools and teachers for the education of colored children only so far as special provisions for their support have been made, apart from our general fund.” A similar statement is again made in 1869. In 1869-1870, 3,720 colored pu 2 )ils are reported in week-day schools and classes taught by the Society’s missionaries, in 1870-71, 2,768. But from this time forward secular or day school instruction receives less and less attention, efforts being concentrated on higher schools for the education of preachers and teachers. But not yet is the Society left in undisputed possession of the field. “ The National Theological Institute ” is rent in twain in 1868 by the course of some in Washington and vicinity, who seek its control. The regular organization with headquarters at Boston thereupon ask a conference with the Society about the Southern work. After several resolutions have been introduced, the whole subject, with documents relating thereto, is referred to a committee of seven, to propose some plan of adjustment and to report in 1869. This Committee, consisting of S. R. Mason, D.D., Mass.; Wm. Hague, D.D., Mass.; T. D. Anderson, D.D., N. Y.; J. D. Fulton, D.D., Mass.; Nathan Bishop, LL.D., N. Y.; S. Peck, D.D., Mass.; Thos. Armitage, D.D., N.Yh; report in 1869, recommending the Society— “To organize a special department in its Board and to elect a Secretary for the prosecution of this work; and that the Secretary so elected shall transact the business of the department at the rooms in Kew York, and devote all his time and energies to this new department, under the direction of the Board; ” “ That hereafter, in electing members of the Board, three brethren shall be WORK AMONG THE FREEDMEN-THE NEW ERA. 409 chosen from Boston and vicinity, with special reference to service on a stand¬ ing committee of five, to be appointed by the Board; and that said committee meet as often as they may deem necessary and report to the Board, at least once in three months, all measures that relate to the working of this department.” This action satisfies all parties, making, as it does, definite provision for the education of preachers, and the decision is accepted as final. The Board of Managers now transfer the work of the Institute to the Home Mission Society, which adopts as its own the schools and teachers; and in 1870 resolutions are introduced in the Society’s meeting at Philadelphia to petition Congress to annul and declare void the charter of “ The National Theological Institute and Univer¬ sity,” on the ground that Wayland Seminary makes adequate pro¬ vision for the education of preachers and teachers, at Washington, and that it is the wish of the denomination that the American Baptist Home Mission Society should do this work. The resolutions are referred to a committee including some of the officers of the Institute. They report in favor of the measure and the appointment of a committee of three to lay the matter before Congress. The report is adopted unan¬ imously; and Drs. J. B. Simmons, J. D. Fulton, and G. W. Samson are constituted the committee, who successfully perform this service. So, after four 3 ^ears, peace and unity are reached, and the Home Mission Society, eight years from the beginning of this work, becomes the sole recognized agency of Baptists for its prosecution. 26 CHAPTER XVII. The Feeedmen : the Woek Established. “The work of our hands establish Thou it.”—Ps. xc. 17. From 1869, when “ The National Theological Institute and Uni¬ versity” surrenders its interests to the Society, and when Dr. Simmons is appointed Secretary for the Southern field, the work of the Society among the Freedmen may be regarded as established. At this date, the higher schools planted and supported by the So¬ ciety are Wayland Seminary, at Washington, D. C.; the Normal and Theological School, at Nashville, Tenn.; a Theological School, at New Orleans, La.; and a Normal and Theological School at Raleigh, N. C. The three schools of the “Institute and University,” at Richmond, Va., at St. Helena, S. C., and at Augusta, Ga., are adopted, making seven institutions in 1869 under the Society’s care, nearly all of these occuj^ying rented buildings. The business of securing jiroper and permanent accommodations tor them is at once vigorously begun. The history of progress in this respect from 18(59 to 1882, is as fol¬ lows: The purchase of a site for Shaw University in 1870, at a cost of $15,000; the Richmond Institute property in 1870 at a cost of $10,000; a site for Wayland Seminary in 1871, at a cost of $3,375 ; propeidy for Renedict Institute in 1870, at a cost of $16,000 ; the Shaw building at Raleigh begun in 1871, completed in 1872 at a cost of $15,000; the grounds and building of Leland University from 1870-1874, at a cost of about $70,000; the new building for Wayland Seminary in 1874, at a cost of about $25,000; the new site for Nash¬ ville Institute in 1874, costing, including buildings, $30,000 ; and in 1876 a new building, costing $45,000 ; the Estey building for girls at Raleigh in 1874, costing nearly $25,000 ; the Natchez school proiierty in 1877, at a cost of $5,000, and nearly $12,000 additional for repairs and improvements ; the chapel and dining hall at Shaw University in 1879, at a cost of $6,000 ; the transfer of the xVugusta school to Atlanta, and the purchase of a site and the erection of a building, at a cost of $12,500 ; the jnirchase of a new site in 1880 for Richmond Institute, for $5,000; the erection THE freedmen: the work established. 411 of a girl’s dormitory and a dining hall at Benedict Institute in 1881, costing $7,500; the property and new building for Bishop College, Texas, in 1881, at a cost of $23,000; the erection of the Medical Dor¬ mitory at Shaw University in 1881, costing $5,000; also the erection of the medical school building and laboratory in 1882, at a cost of about $12,000; the addition of the girl’s dormitory to Wayland Sem¬ inary in 1882, at a cost of $13,000; a girl’s dormitory in process of erection at Leland University in 1882, to cost $16,000; in 1882, a new site at Jackson, Miss., to which the school at Natchez is to be trans¬ ferred, costing $5,000; also in 1882, a new site with buildings, for the Atlanta school, at a cost of $17,500. The total is about $400,000. In some instances the value of the property is much above its cost, either on account of the advantageous rates at which it was secured, the rise in value, or the economy of construction, as at Raleigh, where buildings have been erected at about half the ordinary cost, by reason of the personal attention of the president to their con¬ struction. To get the total amount expended upon school properties, we must add what has been paid for improvements, for house and school fur¬ niture, for apparatus, repairs, insurance, and incidental expenses. Though the j^recise figures cannot be stated, the aggregate, in round numbers is about $450,000. The most of this has been given by generous individuals whose offerings have been thus designated for these purj^oses. Hence, a comparatively small proportion of the expense has fallen upon the general treasury of the Society. About $75,000 given to Shaw University and Leland University, did not pass directly through the Society’s treasury. From the Freedmen’s Bui’eau also some assistance was received; though, in several instances, promises of aid from this quarter were not. fulfilled, so that both the Society and individuals who had as¬ sumed obligations in expectation of their fulfillment, became seriously burdened and embarrassed. The extent of aid from the Freedmen’s Bureau has been about $31,500, as follows : In 1867, the erection of a building for Wayland Seminary, valued at $1,500 ; in 1868, $2,500, appropriated to the school at Raleigh; in 1870, $10,000 for the purchase of the school projierty at Richmond; and toward the prop¬ erty and buildings of Leland University, $17,500—$7,500 less than promised on conditions that were fulfilled. In addition to the schools just mentioned, the Society in 1880 adopts the Normal and Theological School established by the colored 412 HISTORICAL SKETCH. people at Selma, Ala., in 1879 ; {ilso in 1880, opens the school at Live Oak, Florida; also in 1881, adopts the Kentucky Normal and Theolog¬ ical Institute, started in 1879 by the colored people at Louisville, Ky. In 1878 the Society’s attention is directed to the deplorable condition of the freedmen in the Choctaw and Chickasaw nations in the Indian Territory. These colored people, formerly slaves of the Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians, when set free were not adopted by these nations and given rights of home or protection of the law. In their anomalous condition, the United States Government for a time gave them aid and school privileges. But with changes in the In¬ dian Depaidment in 1878, it was announced that these would be discontinued. As this junctiu’e, through the intervention of the Board, and chiefly at Dr. Cutting’s urgent request, the Government enters into contract with the Society for the maintenance of six com¬ mon schools, the Society becoming responsible for the selection of suitable teachers and for the management of the schools; the Gov¬ ernment, through the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, appropriating $3,000 for salaries and school supplies. This arrangement still con¬ tinues, with a small increase in the appropriation, and a correspond¬ ing increase in the number of the schools. With the exception of these common schools in the Indian Terri¬ tory, the Society, since 1874, has confined its educational efforts among the colored people almost wholly to the suj^port of higher institutions. The gTowth of this latter work and its present proportions are shown by the subjoined table: YEAR. Missionaries! among Freedmen. Schools. 1 1 Teachers in Schools. 1 Scholars in Schools. 1872.. 75 7 19 831 1873. 68 7 25 695 1874. 13 7 21 670 1875. 20 r* 1 26 795 1876.: 17 7 31 848 1877.! ‘ 15 7 41 871 1878.1 ' 19 8 36 1,056 1879. ! , 21 8 44 1,041 1880. i 15 8 38 l,li)l 1881.i ! 21 10 ()1 1,592 1882. li 21 12 78 2,32J) THE fkeedmen: the woek established. 413 The schools wholly under control of the Society are Wayland Seminary, Benedict Institute, Nashville Institute, Natchez Seminary, Bishoji College. The others are incorporated institutions, a majority or a large proportion of the Board of Trustees, however, being mem¬ bers of the Society or of its Board. During the five years ending March 31st, 1874, the iieriod of Dr. Simmons’ special attention to the Southern dejiartment, the receipts of the Society tor work among the freedmen amount to $25(1,910. The Board in 1871 report: Seven schools have grounds and buildings paid for and valued at an aggregate of $130,000, all of which, except about $15,000 worth, was secured to the Society during the year 1870.” In 1873 the Freedmen’s Fund as a separate account is discon¬ tinued, all contributions to go into the general fund, which is to be drawn upon for this work as may be needed and.as justice to the general missionary work may allow. At the same time donors have the privilege of designating their offerings, and such designation is resjiected by the Board. Partly in view of the important financial trust committed to the Society in connection with this educational work, and to meet any legal difficulties that might arise, an amendment to the charter is secured in 1877, whereby it is made— ‘ ‘ Lawful for this corporation to establish and maintain schools in connec¬ tion with its missionary work among the colored population of the United States, now generally known as Freedmen, and also among the Indians of North America, and for that purpose to take and hold necessary real estate, and to receive, accumulate, and hold in trust endowment funds for the support of such schools, provided that the annual income of real estate and endow'inent funds for the use and maintenance of such schools shall not exceed fifty thou¬ sand dollars.” At the meeting in Washington, in 1874, on the report of a com¬ mittee of five appointed the previous year to see whether the ex¬ penses of adminstration could not be lessened without detriment to its interests, the Society merges the supervision of missions and that of education among the freedmen, and elects but one Secretary for this service. They say: “ There seemed to be, at one time, a necessity for this arrangement [two Secretaries], but your committee are unanimously of the opinion that such necessity does not now exist, and that the whole work of the Society in these two departments could be effectually managed by one competent man, having the help of such clerical assistance as might, from time to time, be found to be needful.” Dr. Nathan Bishop is elected Corresponding Secretary on the 414 HISTORICAL SKETCH. basis of this reconimendation. During this year and a few years fol¬ lowing, the Society, crippled in resources b}' tlie “ hard times,” is able merely to sustain what schools have been established, without attempting enlargement. The decision to discontinue the Secretaryship for the Southern Department is not acceptable to some, particularly to members of the “National Theological Institute,” represented b}' Dr. Fulton, who, ill 1875, endeavor to secure the reajipointment of a secretary for this work. The proposition is tabled but renewed in 1878. The whole matter being referred to a special committee, consisting of Drs. J. D. Fulton, A. P. Mason, D. G. Corey, J. B. Thomas, and E. Lathrop, they “ recommend that a General Superintendent of our missions to Freedmen be forthwith appointed by the Board.” The recommendation is adopted by the Society, and the Board, after much attention to the subject, Feb. 1, 1879, appoint Rev. S. W. Marston, D.D., Superintendent of Missions in the South. The new Superintendent soon enters the field, and, acting on the conviction, shared by the Board, that the most effective missionary work for the masses, can and must be done through their religious leaders, he devotes his time and attention chiefiv to holding Ministers and Dea- cons’ Institutes; in which instruction in theology, in church order, and in the Christian life is imparted. Early in 1881, the Board reorganize the Southern work, so that missionary effort shall be conducted chiefiy in co-operation with conventions . of colored Baptists, or white Baptists ; while the president of the schools shall devote attention each year to the hold¬ ing of institutes. The plan is regarded more economical, and in man}" ways more beneficial than that of having one sujDerintendent. Moreover, as the colored people of the South become more intel¬ ligent, better organized, and more able to cultivate their own field, the services of a “ superintendent of missions ” are not as necessary as twentv or even ten vears earlier. Hence, the labors of Dr. Mars- ton, in this position, terminate in the summer of 1882, when the Board appoint him District Secretary for the Southwest. Never¬ theless, missionary support is not by any means withdrawn from the Southern field. x\fter twenty years, the educational work attains proportions, and assumes an importance, imperatively demanding the constant and careful oversight of an experienced educator. This becomes all the more necessaiy, on account of the unprecedented magnitude of the Society’s operations, allowing the Corresponding Secretary neither THK FREEDMEN: the work ESTAIJLISHEl). 415 the time to visit tlie schools nor to investigate minutely their con¬ dition. Hence, in May, 1882, Hon. J. M. Gregory, LL.D., an educator of long and varied experience, and of conceded ability and c|ualitications for the position, is appointed by the Hoard superintend¬ ent of education, the action being apjn'oved by the Society. Accept¬ ing, he at once engages in the service with great zeal, and with much profit to the institutions. Some general facts about the schools are in place here. The twelve institutions, founded or fostered by the Society, are open to both sexes and to all classes, white or black. With improved accommodations, the co-education of the young men and young women is carried on most satisfactorily. Educated Christian women, as pastors’ wives, as mothers, in the home, in the church, particularly as teachers in the Sunday-school and in common schools, as well as in society at large, are so important a factor in the elevation of a 2 ^ 00 - • pie, that to exclude young women from the 2 ^i*ivileges of these insti¬ tutions, would be a j^olicy short-sighted and suicidal. In most of the schools are one or more colored teachers. Some of these take high rank as instructors. The appointment of teachers is dej^endent not on color, but on com 23 etency. Instruction is adapted to the needs of the puj^ils. Sjoecial atten¬ tion is given to the Normal School course. A well ciualified Cliris- tian teacher for the common school is, as facts show, a great i^ower for good in the communit}",—second only to the educated preacher of the Gosj^el. In numerous instances these teachers have gone forth imbued with the missionaiy sj^irit, holding 2 n’ayer meetings, or¬ ganizing Sunday-schools, and proving instrumental in leading many to Christ, in connection with their secular work of instruction. The industrial branches are taught in several schools, and are to be introduced into all, as means and conveniences will admit. In the sui^x^ort of teachers, the Society acknowledges the valuable aid and co- 02 :)eration of the Women’s Home Mission Societies of New Eng¬ land and of Michigan; and in the dex^artment of industrial and domestic education of the young women, the aid of the Women’s Home Mission Society located at Chicago. At Shaw University is a medical school, established and sux^x^orted without aid from the Society, but fully endorsed by the Society. It is an important de- X:)artment of the education demanded by the colored x^eox^le. The great aim in establishing these schools, viz., the education of Hax^tist ministers for the colored churches here, and the training of missionaries for Africa, is kexA ux^x^ermost. HISTORICAL SKETCH. 41 () Kegular courses of study are 2 ^ 1 ’escribed for those -svliose time, means, and talents enable them to pursue these with advantage. For others who can remain but a few months, studies adapted to their wants are selected. But few, comparative!}', can jiursue consecutive¬ ly a three or four years’ course of study. The majority of the pupils must labor until the winter holidays, and leave by April for summer employment. In some of the schools, provision is made each year for about two months’ gratuitous instruction of the older and settled pastors, who have not enjoyed the advantages of an education. As a rule, persons under fourteen years of age are not received. The schools have need of better apparatus for instruction. All have a magic lantern, a microscope, several electrical machines, and other things to illustrate facts in natural philosophy. Beginnings have been made in geological cabinets. A few schools have libraries, good, as far as they go ; none, however, are well equipped. Men¬ tion should be made in this connection of the long continued and valuable donations of school and library books, as well as Bibles and hymn books from Smith Sheldon, Esq., of New A"ork, and through his agency. Great stress is laid on the formation of right moral character in the students. Every morning for half an hour or longer, the Word of God is read, explained, and applied, to the assembled school. Bible classes on Sunday, w'eekly prayer meetings and personal labors of teachers enter into the sum of influences to build up moral character. These institutions, established in Christian prayer, maintained by consecrated Christian offerings, watched over by a Christian Society, and conducted by Christian teachers, are truly missionary in their aim and character, as the work done therein, and the fruit gathered therefrom, and the influences the}' set in operation, abundantly tes- tifv. 4-' It is a narrow concejition of missionary effort to suppose that it consists merely in inducing men to accept Christ as their Saviour and their Lord. It is just as essential a part of such service that those converted be built up in the faith and instructed in methods of Chris¬ tian labor. Paul, when on his visits confirming the Churches,” or in epistles instructing Timothy how to conduct himself, and how men “should behave themselves in the Church of God;” Ac^uila and Priscilla, instructing Apollos, the preacher, more perfectly in divine things; were performing missionary work unquestionably as impor¬ tant as when they declared to the unconverted the simple truths necessary to salvation. The great commission of Christ to His THE freedmen: the work established. 417 disciples embraced not only the duty of making disciples, but also of teaching them what He had commanded. Some are called to be teaching missionaries, as others to be preaching missionaries. Our Lord Himself was the great ^‘Teacher, sent from God;’’and Chris¬ tian institutions, like those for the colored people, planted in the midst of ignorance, eiTor, superstition, and unrighteousness, are but combinations of Christian forces both to mold character and to sharpen the intellectual pow'^ers of students, that they may more clearly apprehend and more forcibly declare the great truths of the Christian system. In point of fact the teachers, as a rule, are impressed with their Christian responsibility to bring the unconverted to Christ, and to impart clear views of truth to those professing conversion. Through their personal efforts with pupils, in prayer meetings, in Sunday-schools, in general religious visitation, thousands have been won to the Saviour and received impulses that have borne them for¬ ward and upward throughout their lives. Students going forth from such a religious atmosphere have become a savor of life unto life in their respective churches and communities, often gathering large numbers of intelligent converts; and in the institutions, by means of missionary societies, the missionary spirit for the 'evangelization of Africa is fostered, so that young women and young men are offering themselves for service in Africa, and the sympathies, the prayers and the contributions of the freedmen are being evoked for their jiagan kin across the sea. When the time comes to give to the world the record of Christian devotion, self-denial, patient endurance in well¬ doing, notwithstanding the reproaches, the scorn, the epithets, the opposition, ithe social ostracism which many of these Christian teach¬ ers for years endured, sometimes from their own professed Christian brethren in the South, then only will their faithful efforts be ap¬ preciated, then also will it be conceded that they went to their work and continued in it animated by the spirit of Christ. Competent and emjihatic is the testimony of Dr. Gregory: ‘‘ I doubt if any mission field can show such self-sacrificing devotion as your teachers are exhibiting in every school I have visited. As a simple preaching agency, these schools equal any missionary work you are doing. As a means of preaching the Gospel, they would demand support entirely independent of their educational wmrk.” While, however, these schools are positively Christian in character and aim, they are not in any sense sectarian. That is to say, stu¬ dents are not required to subscribe to any sectarian tenets as a con- 418 HISTORICAL SKETCH. (lition of entrance, nor is their liberty of worship abridged, nor is special effort made to proselyte from other faiths. In the normal, the academic, as well as in the college courses, there is no more teaching of denomination.al views than in academies and colleges at the North. In the theological departments, however, the beliefs of Baptists are clearly taught. Students of all beliefs and of no beliefs, therefore, are welcomed to these schools. The wisdom of opening the doors to the latter class is shown in the fact that frequently during a series of years, from one hundred to two hundred conversions have occurred among the students; a great thing for the kingdom of our Lord, when we consider that these are among the most enlightened and progressive of their people. J3eneficiary aid is given with much care. Self-help is encouraged and cultivated to the greatest possible extent. Few students can earn and save enough during their vacations to support them during the year. This is especially true of the young women. Very few, indeed, have parents able to support them in school, as white parents in the north supj^ort their children. That they help them¬ selves, as they can, is shown by the fact that, for the year 1882, stu¬ dents ])aid for board and tuition $21,641.81). Yet this is not a full showing, inasmuch as in some schools there are neither dormitories nor boarding departments. Tuition is ordinarily one dollar per month, and the price of board and incidentals about eight dollars per month. The Society renders aid to beneficiaries very sparingly ; as a rule devoting to this purpose only contributions thus designated. The Colonization Society, for a few years, has given several hundred dol¬ lars annually for the support of students looking to Africa as their future field of labor. Generous individuals have given through the Society the fifty or seventy-five dollars necessary to take a wor¬ thy student for the ministry through his studies for the year. The Women’s Home Mission Societies of New England and Michigan have devoted considerable attention to the education of vouim wo- men, by furnishing support for a considerable number. The expense for the support of instruction increases, of course, with the growth and the grade of the schools. In 1879-80 the amount was $24,716.72; in 1880-81, $32,414.19 ; in 1881-2, $39,965.22. During the latter year, in the twelve schools, the number of teachers was 78, and of pupils 2,329. The pressing question is how to maintain the efficiency of these Institutions. No higher institution at the North lives on the tuition fees of its students. IMuch less can an institution among the poor THE FREEDMEN: THE WORK ESTABLISHED. 419 colored people thus live. These schools cannot depend for support on the uncertain and fluctuating benevolence of the churches. The Society cannot spare the means to put them on a proper footing. Endowmients are as indispensable to their success as to the success of any other institutions. It is endowment—or languishing existence, inefficient work, and finally death. Hence, in 1870, the Society ap¬ proves the attempt to raise .f500,000 as a permanent fund, the income of this “ to be expended in grounds, buildings, endowments of pro¬ fessorships and scholarships, and in the purchase of libraries and ap¬ paratus The importance of such a fund is insisted upon year after year. But the annual tax upon the benevolent for new buildings and for general school purposes is so great that few give for endowments. Nevertheless, with wise foresight, some thus give, and small endow¬ ments are secured to several of the schools. For particulars the reader is referred to sketches of these institutions. The total amount of en¬ dowment, held either by the Society or by Boards of Trustees, in 1882, is $61,000. Other denominations, with not a tithe of our ad¬ herents among the colored people, are receiving large endowments for their institutions, thereby holding out superior inducements to the best students, who not unfrequently are lost to us, to whom they denominationally belonged. Divine Providence is saying to Baptists, in this work for the colored people, “Hold fast that thou hast, that no man take thy crown. ” In summing up what has been done by the Society for the colored peojile, we may arrange it under three heads : (1), General mission¬ ary work; (2), Ministers’ Institutes; (3), Educational work proper. 1. From 1862, for many years the Society devoted special attention to sending ministers from the North to preach the Gospel to the people who were without suitable j^^stors of their own, and to or¬ ganize churches and Sunday-schools. Approved colored ministers were also supported, either as general missionaries or local pastors. Ihus, in 1865-6, twenty-five white and ten colored missionaries were appointed; the next year fifty ordained preachers, one-half of whom were colored; for several years following, about the same number; and since 1873, when students were no longer appointed fur service during vacations, about twenty annually, nearly all of them colored men. An average of about thirty appointments annual^ for the last eighteen years, represents the work done in this particular direction. But in the missionary summary should also be included the labors of about fifty “ assistant missionaries ” or teachers, for several years, who also, as we have shown, have performed an untold amount of 420 HISTORICAL SKETCH. religious labor among the people. It is estimated that not less than fifteen hundred j'ears’ missionary labor has been given to the South¬ ern field since 18G2. 2. Ministers’ Institutes have been a constant and important fea¬ ture in the Society’s operations. All ordained missionaries for many years after 1862, were instructed to make a specialty of giving re¬ ligious instruction to classes of colored ministers, who often met at night for this purpose. Large numbers were thus enlightened. Then able men were appointed to devote themselves mainly to this work; among whom were Dr. Itipley, Dr. Marsena Stone, who labored three years throughout the South; Dr. J. W. Parker, Dr. S. W. Mars- ton, and others for shorter periods. Some idea may be obtained of the numbers thus influenced, from a sumniarv of Dr. Marston’s woTk for two years, in which he states that 1527 ministers and 696 deacons were in attendance at the institutes held by him. i\Iore recentl}^ this kind of work has been done to an extent about equal to the labors of one man, all the time, by the presidents of the schools in the several States. Thousands have thus been benefited. 3. The Educational work makes the largest statistical showing. Upon this the chief stress has been placed. The great aim in the appointment of missionary assistants or teachers, in the earl}" stages of work for the freedmen, was to teach the people, old and young, how to read, so that God’s Book might no longer be a sealed volume to them. And for this end, all ages and classes eagerly applied themselves to studv. Manv thousands were thus reached and wrought iqion by Christian teachers in the common or day schools that w"ere conducted to a greater or less extent for about ten years. In the higher institutions of learning, it is estimated that quite six thousand different persons have been in attendance, of whom about twelve hundred have had the ministry in view, or were already preachers of the Gosj^el. The mind of man cannot compute the sum total of intellectual and moral influence directly exerted by these various agencies, much less the influence of these enlightened pu^^ils upon the people to whom they returned. The total expenditure by the Baptists of the North for the pros¬ ecution of the work for the colored people during the past twenty years cannot be exactly stated, as no inconsiderable sums have gone through private channels. The amount expended by the Society, for all purposes mentioned, is about $900,000. THE freedmen: the work established. 421 4 lie wliole Rmouiit, fioni all Baptist sources, may lie put clown at upwards of $1,000,000. What are some of the fruits ? The remarkable growth in numbers, intelligence, and efficiency of the colored Baptists of the South! e recognize, of couise, the fact that other benevolent organizations have contributed their share to the general results, also that the im¬ proved educational system of the Southern States is a factor to be considered. From about 350,000 or 400,000, in 1862, the colored Baptists have increased to nearly or quite 800,000, in 1882. The colored popula¬ tion has increased, during this time, about fifty per cent., while the Baptist element therein has increased one hundred per cent. Neaily one-half of the entire population, therefore, is under Baptist infiu- ence,-or in sympathy with the views of Baptists. Beginning, in 1862, with almost nothing, in 1882 they have about 3,400 churches, and church property the valuation of which is about $3,000,000. Thus Georgia, with 115,000 colored Bajitists, has 900 churches, with property valued at $300,000 ; the District of Columbia, church prop¬ erty valued at over $200,000. In 1862 there were no general organi¬ zations of colored Baptists. In 1883, in every State, there is a con¬ vention for missionary, educational, and Sunday-school purposes; also regular associations throughout the State ; and a general Foreign Missionary Society for the evangelization of Africa. In 1862 the man who could read was a curiosity. In 1882 there are published not less than eight religious papers for the colored Baptists of the South, while other papers have a considerable circulation also. In one as¬ sociation in North Carolina are forty-two churches, and all the pas¬ tors, except two, have been students in Shaw University. Two hun¬ dred and ten churches in the State are cared for by pastors who studied in the schools of the Home Mission Society. These instances may serve to illustrate the progress made in twenty years. In all the States, as a rule, the leaders in every good work are those who have been educated in these Institutions. At the same time, we cannot shut our eyes to the fact that in some sections, but little progress has been made. These are localities remote from schools and from the great centres of intellectual and religious influence ; where the colored people twenty years ago, withdrew from the white churches, and during all the inter¬ vening period have had, for their ministers, grossly illiterate men, many of wliom could not read ; some of whom scoff at “ Book-Christ- ians,” declaring that they have “ a Bible in their hearts ” from which 422 HISTORICAL SKETCH. they preach ; jealous of the younger ministers who have an educa¬ tion ; never resigning ; being a law unto themselves and to their peo¬ ple. The perversions of truth, by these men, are shocking, and the effect upon the lives of their people can hardly be imagined. It is, therefore, true that, in some quarters, where these people have been left to themselves and to the guidance of blind leaders of the blind, there has been no substantial progress in the Christian life. Pro¬ bably of about one-fifth of the (fiiurches these things are true. But the light is gradually chasing away the darkness. While there is much to deplore, yet the past is full of encouragement—the future full of promise. AVhere or when, during the Christian centuries, have there been, in twenty years, for the investment made, so great returns ? In A. I). 1900 the colored ])opulation of this country will probably number about 12,000,000. Patriotism summons us to do our utmost for them, a powerful factor in shaping the destiny of this country. Tlien, also, at the rate of increase for the last twenty j^ears, the number of col¬ ored Baptists will be quite 1,500,000. What kind of Baptists will they be ? The answer rests largely uj^on what is done for them now, in¬ asmuch as the young men of the present will be the men of influence then. For these Baptists, and the five or six millions related to them, about 1*2,000 ministers vill be needed. What kind of minis¬ ters will they be ? Tliat depends, to a large extent, on the character of the schools for the intellectual and religious training of students for the ministry ; and the character of these schools, in turn, depends upon the means contributed for their siq^port. In addition to aU these considerations, the relation of this great work to the evangeli¬ zation of Africa, should stimulate the people of God everywhere to larger offerings and more fervent prayer that the largest and best results mav be attained. ft/ CHAPTER XVIII. The Society and Southern Baptists. “Peace, peace be unto thee, and peace be to thy helpers: for thy God helpeth thee.”—I. Chron. xii. 18. We have seen how the original union of American Baptists in one Home Mission Society, after thirteen years, was rent in twain by the question of slavery; and how during the existence of slavery, the separation continued for twenty years. We know that the bamer to a reunion, or to the resumption of fraternal relations, was not re¬ moved by the destruction of this institution. We have already referred to the decision of the Society at the St. Louis meeting. May, 1865, to prosecute with vigor the work among the freedmen. Not a month passes before the Virginia General As¬ sociation is discussing a resolution,- ‘‘ firmly protesting against all such pretensions and usuiqiations ” of the Society in presuming to send missionaries into the South, according to the spirit of the fore¬ going resolutions; “ and declining, and advising our churches to de¬ cline, any co-operation or fellowship with any of the missionaries, ministers or agents of the American Baptist Home Mission Society.’^ This resolution is referred to a committee of which Dr. Jeter is chairman, and their report, adopted without dissent, calls it ‘‘ a grave and important question in what manner we shall receive these mis- sionaiies, expi esses the opinion that this course of the Society is un¬ necessary; hopes that if missionaries are sent they will be “ conserva¬ tive in spirit “ such as might be taken into fraternity and co-oper¬ ation with the pastors of our Churches and the missionaries of this body without any sacrifice of self-respect, or danger of discord and collision;” and closes with the recommendation that until the plans of the Society aie better known and the sj^irit of its ag’ents well under¬ stood, “ the Association and the Churches connected with it decline any co-operation with its agents or missionaries.” This'action may be taken as a fair expression of the general at¬ titude of Southern Baptists at the time; and sheds light, therefore, upon the Society s utterances as to the kind of men needed to labor where they could expect, and where fi-equently they received only social and religious isolation, or opposition and denunciation. 424 HISTORICAL SKETCH. The response on the part of the friends of the Society is thus given by an influential journal: “ The Home Mission Society cannot treat any part of our country as if it were a foreigndand. If it sees a work needing to be done in Virginia—a work which it is competent to do —it is free to undertake it.” Not deterred by these things, the Board extend the olive branch to Southern brethren through the following resolution adopt¬ ed Sept. 29th, 18G5: ^'‘liesolved. That the Board of the American Baptist Home Mission Society do sincerely desire, and will fraternally welcome, the co-operation of their Bap¬ tist brethren in the Southern States in the glorious work of publishing the Gos¬ pel in all its fullness of doctrine, precept and practice throughout the land; and in all Christian efforts to enlighten and Christianize every creature.” Dr. Edward Lathrop and Dea. J. B. Hoyt visit churches and brethren in the South, white and colored, bearing the message of the Board. It is not surprising, perhaps, that this first formal fraternal overture by the Society should awaken but a feeble response at the South. Of this action the Board say, in their report for 1866 : “ Kev. Dr. Lathrop, with our resolution in his hand, visited brethren and Churches, both white and colored, along the Atlantic coast. Breathing the spirit of the resolution he met with welcome and with opposition. He showed the open way to those who wished to join us in Christian effort. We have not offered to co-operate with Southern politicians. It is to Southern Christians, both white and colored, that we extend the hand of co-operation; to those who have a common faith with us, who forget prejudice and animosity when stand¬ ing in the light which streams from the face of the Sun of Bighteousness. If the proffered hand is accepted, well. If it is scorned, our mission remains un¬ changed. That mission we are striving faithfully to fulfill. The work must not be stopped by State lines, nor sectional hatreds, nor complexion of man, until the glad tidings of the Gospel, ‘ in all its fullness of doctrine shall have been proclaimed throughout the land.’ ” Having made such efforts at peace, the Board push on the work. The King’s business, at this time, requires haste. Even before this action, and as evidence of an earnest fraternal spirit, the Board send a missionary to the Coliseum Place Baptist Church (white), New .Orleans, in 1863, also the ensuing year ap¬ point missionaries to Tennessee. “ The Home Mission Board,” says a prominent brother of tliat State, “ will ever be held in grateful re¬ membrance b}" the loyal Baptists here, for the timely aid afforded us in our sufferings and poverty. ” The condition of denominational interests in Missouri in 1865-6, and the help afforded by the Society, are thus described in 1866: THE SOCIETY AND SOUTHERN BAPTISTS. 425 “Early in the year we felt that it was of the utmost importance to retain the prevalence of Baptist sentiment, and secure the permanence of Baptist in¬ stitutions, in the State of Missouri. Before the war there were 750 Baptist Churches, and 45,000 Baptists in that State. Since the war, the ministers of the Churches have been suddenly ejected from their pulpits by the requirements of the Missouri Test Oath. Paralysis seemed ready to fall upon our whole denomination in that risinp; State. In view of the necessities of the hour, we secured the services of Rev. Dr. Hiscox, who has labored with untiring energy in reorganizing the Baptist elements throughout the Missouri Valley. By his advice we have commissioned twenty-five men to important points in that State. Some of these men left most favorable positions in New England, New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio; yet they are laboring with joy and encourage¬ ment in their new Churches.” About the same time special attention is devoted to West Virginia, T^here Baptist interests are strengthened by the Society’s aid. For the year ending April, 1866, the first year after the war, the Society reports $6,475 spent for the white Churches in the South. At the annual meeting in 1867 the Society takes a decided step toward the resumption of fraternal relations between Baptists of the North and of the South, by the appointment of a large and in¬ fluential delegation to attend the meeting of the Southern Baptist Convention at Baltimore, in 1868. The delegation consists of J. S. Backus, D.D.; Wm. Hague, D.D.; Hon. J. M. Hoyt; B. T. Welch, H.H.; H. Gr. Weston, D.D., and D. C. Eddy, D.H. The delegation have a cordial reception from the brethren at Bal¬ timore. The visit is solely fraternal in its character, no pro¬ positions of any kind being presented, looking toward formal union. The Southern Convention respond by the ajipointment of a similar delegation to attend the meeting of the Society in New York a few days afterward. Five members of the delegation, viz.: J. B. Jeter, D.D.; Bichard Fuller, H.D.; B. Manly, D.I).; J. A. Broadus, D.D., and J. K. Graves, H.I)., attend, and present a formal communi¬ cation, in which it is said,— Your delegates were cordially received among us, and tbeir presence, counsels and prayers imparted joy. On behalf of our brethern, we reciprocate the kind greeting of your messengers. We come among you, not to propose any organic connection, but to cultivate fraternal afiection, and secure, so far as it may be consistent with independent action, efficient co-operation. Baptists, North and South, are one in faith and aim, and it is desirable that they should be one in spirit, so that, combining their counsels, they may labor harmonious¬ ly for the conversion of the world to Christ. We earnestly desire that, forget¬ ting all that has been offensive and irritating in the past, we may all, following 27 I 426 HISTORICAL SKETCH. the things that make for peace, look hopefully forward to the future, awaiting the developments of Providence for our guidance.” The delegates having been invited to seats on the platform, address the immense audience in the Oliver St. Church. Dr. Jeter first speaks, and after referring to his presence in the same Church in 1829, and “ to God’s chastening of the South and the blotting out the cause of the division,” says: “ Four millions of Freedmen in their helplessness and sorrow, want aid from every section of the country. Oliver Street was the old battle ground. From it the olive branch is now appropriately extended. I have come to ex¬ change the hand of fellowship with Northern Baptists and bury the tomahawk forever.” The congregation is moved to tears. Dr. Welch leads in a prayer of thanksgiving to God. Next follows Dr. Fuller, endorsing the fraternal words of Dr. Jeter, affirming that he is at home on the platform, as a Life Director of the Home Mission Society, and ex¬ pressing his desire to unite with his brethren in the North in elevat¬ ing and saving four millions of freedmen crying to the Church for help, saying in conclusion: “ In some icay the Baptists North and South must come together and icork togetherB Dr. Graves follows with characteristic remarks. Then Dr. Colver is called for, and after some allusions to his part in the great struggle, makes a large-hearted speech and extends the hand of fellowship to several of the Southern delegation. Dr. Broadus in his address sug¬ gests in regard to co-operation in work for the colored people, that— “ If no missionaries should be sent among the Southern people except those selected by the Southern Board, or if selected by the Home Mission Society, ap¬ proved by the Board, the people would receive them with confidence. The South has men enough, but no money.” Dr. Bright, in his remarks, replies to this proposition, that— “This would be to shut out of the South every laborer that a Southern organization does not endorse. If I understand convictions that lie deep in the minds of Northern Baptists, it is their purpose not to relinquish the right of sending any man to any place, or to any class of people in the South as a missionary of the cross. They would stand up for having precisely the same liberty of thought and of speech awarded to a Northern Christian in South Carolina, or any other Southern State, that is awarded to a Southern Christian in New York or in any Northern State; it is also the fixed purpose of Northern Baptists to have a direct and infiuential agency in the work of elevating the Southern Freedmen; and this Society must act in harmony with these grand THE SOCIETY AND SOUTHERN BAPTISTS. 427 convictions of onr peopie, or the streams which give to the Treasury its re- sources will be dried up.” The committee to whom is referred the communication from the delegates of the Southern convention bring in a fraternal and tem¬ perate report, saying therein that— “No fundamental changes in existing organizations are proposed at pre¬ sent, but we trust that our mutual love and fellowship, in due time, will bring us into the same lines and methods of action. Treating each other not only with respect and confidence but with that brotherly charity which ‘ beareth all things, believeth all things, hopeth all things,’ let us unite heart and hand, so far as we can, and the Providence of God shall direct, in giving the Gospel to the destitute, and especially in aiding to lift up the millions of freedmen to the exercise of all the rights and duties of citizenship and Christian brotherhood.” Dr. Manly eximesses his disagreement with some of the delegation and especially with the language of the report concerning the ex¬ ercise of all the rights and duties of citizenshiji for the freedmen, but adds,— “ Our only salvation is in the elevation of the colored men, and we must work for it. We ask for helj) and co-operation, but if you rej)el our confidence, our heart of love which we proffer, we will at least not oppose whatever you may choose to do, but be satisfied, so that only the Gospel of Christ is preached.” The committee’s report is unanimously adopted. The occasion is one of thanksgiving, rejoicing, and hope. Antagonists for a quarter of a century again clasp hands in Christian fellowship. The feeling is strong that Baptists of the whole country should heartily co-operate in the great work of uplifting the emancipated millions of the South. This, be it remembered, is in 1868. The fraternal interchange of courtesies is maintained between the Society and the Southern convention. Practical co-operation, however, does not immediately follow. The Society goes onward with its plans. Dr. J. W. Parker, in the meet¬ ing at Boston in 1869, quotes Dr. Brantly as saying to him, “ You of the North can do this work of education among the freedmen better than we can. I do not know a man of the South who is doino- it, and I bid you Godspeed.” In 1870 Bev. E. T. Winkler, D.D., of S. C., by request of the Board, delivers a discourse at the meeting in Cliicago on the education of ju'eachers for the colored people. The eloquent address enforces strongly the reasons for such education and the special obligations resting ujDon Bajitists to j^rovide it. Gradually, with the passing years. Baptists of both sections come 428 HISTORICAL SKETCH. to understand each other better; old asperities die out; prejudices disappear; and the dawn of a better day is more and more marked. Christian men at the South, recognizing the issue of the war as of Divine ordering, earnestly inquire into the significance of it, pmdicu- larly in reference to the freed-jieople. The question of their own duty confronts them at every turn, as they see the need of educated religious teachers for these millions, and as they witness the efforts of their Northern brethren to supply this need. For a time, on account of the prostration of the South, consequent upon the war, they excuse themselves from participation in this work. But even during this period, here and there representative and pro¬ gressive men, throughout the South, express their great satisfaction that their brethren of the North, through the Society, have under¬ taken so great things for the colored people. Leading denomina¬ tional journals begin to commend the work and the workers. A few large-souled men make contributions for this object. Brethren in the ministry commend brethren at the head of these institutions. Several State Conventions pass resolutions expressing their apju’ecia- tion of the Society’s efforts, and recommending pastors to use their inffuence in directing the attention of the colored youth to the educational advantages offered them where institutions are establish¬ ed. From 1872 onward, these expressions become more frequent and more emphatic. In 1873 the Domestic Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention, through Bev. M. T. Sumner, Corres¬ ponding Secretary, make this announcement: “ We arranged with the Augusta Institute, under the presidency of J. T. llobert, LL. D., to take our young men on the same terms that the American Baptist Home Mission Society, New York, has adopted. [Viz., $6 a month, or SoO for the school year, for each student.] This institute is under the direction, and belongs to the American Baptist Home Mission Society, New York, and all its affairs are wisely conducted, and it is worthy of our confidence and sup¬ port.” This measure is highly commended by the lieligious Herald, of Virginia, in a double-leaded editorial, in which Dr. Dickinson, the editor, proposes that the Baptists of Virginia and North Carolina, in their respective conventions, should do similar things, and saying,— “ Now that the action of our Marion Board has opened the way for organized effort, w'e ‘ thank God and take courage.’ Kind words and resolutions are good, but liberal contributions are better.” The editor illustrates his own precept by a gift to the work. The THE SOCIETY AND SOUTHERN BAPTISTS. 429 example of tlie Domestic Missioji Board, however, is not followed by State conventions. In 1870 the Board report to the Society that— “Our work in the South has been jorosecuted with success among both races. Obedient to the last command of Jesus, we have aimed to carry the Gospel to every creature,—working in the spirit of Jesus with a deep, tender and abiding solicitude tor the salvation of every human being, of whatever nationality or condition. . . The evidences of returning confidence since the war are increasing. A large and still larger number of able and excellent brethren, all through the South, are writing us in the spirit of fraternal affec¬ tion.” Mention is also made of co-operation in Florida, and of a mission¬ ary among the Germans in Texas. Dr. Simmons, during his Southern trij^ in 1869—70, finds leading brethren kindly disposed toward him and the work he represents. In 1873 the Board announces that missionaries have labored among both races at the South, and that— “ No appointments are voted through with greater heartiness or unanimity than those for the benefit of the Caucasian race in the South. Native Southern men, too, are among our appointees; brethren they are in some instances of rare worth and piety and devotion. The Board deligJd to sustain such in preaching and teaching the Gospel of Jesus to perishing sinners. . . No heartier words have been uttered in favor of educating freedmen preachers than by some of our Southern Baptist brethren. Our schools are winning golden opinions. The better class of Southern Baptists not only stand ready to welcome us in our work, but they glory in our schools.” In 1874 the Board say: “Our hearts are drawn .out in profound sympathy towards our white brethren in the South, and your Board desire to do their utmost to help them. Always, when possible, we make approj^riations most gladly to assist them in sustaining missionaries of their own selection in destitute places. We ought to have a hundred thousand dollars this current year to expend upon feeble churches of whites and blacks in the Southern and Southwestern States. “ It is cheering to observe with what increasing cordiality our Southern breth¬ ren are working with us. We attribute this to the blessing of God upon wise measures. A"our Board appoint white men of the South and black men as mis¬ sionaries. We aid white Churches and colored Churches. We make meeting¬ house loans to blacks and whites. In short, we aim to work impartially, and in the spirit of the Gospel, for, and with all. Five years ago, in his very first trips South, Secretary Simmons'took special pains to visit several of the promi¬ nent brethren among our Southern ministers and converse with them about the best methods of conducting our freedmen work. He received from them then, and has received from them repeatedly since then, most valuable counsel—and it has ever been the pleasure of your Board and of your Secretaries to invite this interchange of friendly counsels, and to welcome the co-operation of the 430 HISTORICAL SKETCH. South in the work. As a result there are scores of leading Baptists in the North who are not as hearty friends and advocates of our freedmen theological schools to-day as scores of leading Baptists who may be picked out in the South. These Southern brethren give thought and money also to this cause. Some of our very best colored students are the selection of Southern white brethren who have taken pains, from love to Christ, to interest themselves in this vitally important matter.” For tlie first time in its history, the Society holds its annual meet¬ ing in AVashington, in 1874; together with the Missionary Union and the Publication Society, the latter Society celebrating its semi¬ centennial in the city of its birth. The occasion is one of unusual interest. A mile-stone of progress is marked by the address of Kev. Dr. Fuller, of Baltimore, and the introduction by him of the follow¬ ing resolutions: “ Resolved, That the Society most sincerely desires that all remembrances of the late deplorable conflict in arms between two sections of this country shall be blotted out by the blood of Jesus; and that, in all time to come, offices of love and harmony may cement the hearts of all the citizens of our beloved fatherland. “ Resolved, That if, in the providence of God, the time shall come when we will know no North, no South, no East, no West, except to love every portion of the country alike, and that again from every quarter the tribes of our Israel shall assemble in one harmonious council, we will hail that auspicious period. And meanwhile we sincerely hope that between this body and the Southern Baptist Convention there may be annually an interchange of Christian saluta¬ tion by fraternal correspondence, and by messengers from each of these So¬ cieties to the other, bearing assurances of reciprocal kindness and cordial co¬ operation in the great enterprise confided to us by our common Redeemer.” These resolutions from a Southern man, at the same time a mem¬ ber of the Society, are unanimously adopted. In the spirit of the resolutions the Society in 1876— “ Cordially and urgently invite our brethren of the entire South, and par¬ ticularly the ministers and members of Southern Baptist Churches, to co-operate with our teachers and our Board even more earnestly than ever before in the building up and strengthening of these schools for educating colored preachers and teachers.” And in 1878 the Society adopt the following preamble and resolu¬ tion oftered by Dr. Lathrop, of Connecticut: “ ^^liereas, The Southern Baptist General Convention did, at its late meet¬ ing in Nashville, express warm and intelligent sympathy in the work of promot¬ ing the spiritual and intellectual advancement of the colored population of the South, and did particularly recommen what are called Alinisters’ Institutes as means adapted to this end, and did advise all the Baptist pastors and ministers THE SOCIETY AND SOUTHERN BAPTISTS. 431 of the South to take special interest in such institutes, that they might he pro¬ ductive of the largest good— “ Resolved, That the Board of Managers of the American Baptist Home Mission Society be, and hereby are, requested and instructed efficiently and heartily to co-operate with the Southern Baptist Convention in securing the holding of such institutes, at such times and places throughout the Southern States as may promise the widest permanent good to the ministry of the colored race, and to the extent that the resources of the Society from time to time may justify.” By the appointment, soon after, of a Superintendent of Missions, who should devote special attention to the holding of such institutes, the Board seek to execute the will of the Society and to open the way for the practical co-operation recommended by the Convention. The report of the Board in 1879 says : “Preliminary, however, to the work of this officer, and in conformity with the resolution of the Society, at Cleveland, the Bev. Dr. Lathrop and the Corres¬ ponding Secretary were instructed to visit the Southern Board of Home Mis¬ sions, at Marion, Ala., and Southern brethren in several cities, for the purpose of ascertaining the measure of co-operation on which the proposed Superinten¬ dent could rely in the maintenance of Institutes for the instruction and help of colored pastors. This visit was of the most satisfactory character. Kesolutions of co-operation were passed by the Southern Board, and pledges of co-operation, more or less formal, but always emphatic and cordial, were given in every city. The Bev. S. W. Marston, D.D., was appointed Superintendent, and has entered upon his work.” To quite an extent during his continuance in the work he receives the hearty co-operation of Baptist pastors in the South, at points where institutes are held. It is a pleasure to add that the presidents of several of our in¬ stitutions likewise receive the fraternal counsel and aid of white pas¬ tors in their several localities, some of whom deliver lectures to the students for the ministry. On the boards of the incorporated insti¬ tutions are Southren brethren whose services, in some instances, are highly appreciated. In the Medical School, at Raleigh, the instructors and lecturers are from the first ranks of the medical fraternity of the city. With the Georgia (white) Convention, conjointly with the colored Convention, the Society has co-o]3erated, since 1878, in sup- 2 :)orting from two to four of the best colored missionaries obtainable, for general work in that State; also with the white Convention of Mis- sissij^i^i, in supporting highly esteemed white brethren to labor chiefly in holding Ministers’ Institutes; also with those of the Texas Con¬ ventions, p)rimarily for the benefit of the white p)opulation in mission fields. The Texas State Convention, conjointly with the colored Con- 432 HISTORICAL SKETCH. vention, co-operates with the Society in maintaining an able colored missionary in that State, and has approjiriated several liundred dollars toward “ Bishop College,” at ^Marshall. In Arkansas, to a limited extent, the Society and the Convention have worked harmoniously. The Association of the District of Columbia is likewise in union with the Society. In Florida, among the white as well as among the colored jieople, the Society’s missionaries have labored for many years. The largest amount expended in any Southern State is in Mis¬ souri, which has received since the war about $60,000 of missionary funds. About $300,000 have gone through the Society’s treasury into missionary work in the South; the most of this since the war; and about $125,000 of this to white missionaries and Churches. From the Church Edifice Fund aid has been extended also to Churches of both races. All these things are significant. They show on the one hand that the Society has been broad and generous in its dealings with the South; and on the other hand that there has been on the part of the latter a growing disposition to unite in many ways with the Society in cultivating the great mission fields in that part of the country. Marked lines of separation are no longer possible, as in the past. Especially in regard to missionary efforts in behalf of the colored people is this true. It is true also of work among the foreigners who are entering some portions of the South, and in whose religious wel¬ fare all alike are concerned. The sentiment of many good brethren in the South is thus expressed by the Baptist Courier, of South Carolina in 1882. “ We should be unworthy of the Christian name if we could not give a ‘ Godspeed ’ to the Home ^Mission Society of New York in its noble and gener¬ ous efforts to supply the destitution which our own Board has been unable to reach. We are not the people to desire that the progress of the lledeemer’s kingdom and the progress of Baptist principles should be delayed among us, or anywhere on earth, iintil we become able or ready to affect the advance by our own means and ways. No man has a right to go into his neighbor’s farm and cultivate a portion of it, however miserablj’ it may be neglected. But the earth is the Lord’s—South Carolina as well as New York—and no servant of the Lord needs to say to any other servant, ‘By your leave, sir,’ when he would cross State lines to work for the Master.” Ill the hiiiguage of Dr. Fuller, will it not be an “ auspicious period when the tribes of our Israel shall assemble in one harmonious council,” to consider the numerous and weighty questions relating to THE SOCIETY AND SOUTHERN BAPTISTS. 433 the evangelization of our country? The old issues and causes of division having passed away forever, and a commingling of peoples and of interests having taken place as never before, why should not all American Baptists, dwellers under a common government, sub¬ jects of one Lord, striving for the same results, combine again their forces as in former days, and in that union wherein is strength, and by which God is glorified, move forward in solid, harmonious phalanx to the conquest of this country for Christ? It is believed that there are thousands, both North and South, who would “ hail the auspicious day,” and whose feelings are expressed by the committee of which Rev. William F. Broadus, of Virginia, was chairman, at the third meeting of the Society: “Your committee feel deeply the im¬ portance of bringing our denomination throughout the United States to co-operate in the great work in which this Societ}^ is engaged.” What doth hinder? CHAPTER XIX. James B. Simmons, D.D. “ Awake, O North wind; and come thou South; blow upon my garden, that the spices thereof may flow out.”—Canticles iv. 16. James B. Simmons, D.D., one of the Corresponding Secretaries of the Society from 1867 to 1874, was born in the township of North¬ east, Dutchess Co., New A^ork. His father was a thrifty farmer of German extraction; his mother w'as of Scotch descent. She was thrown from a carriage and killed when James was but five months old. Following him as he grows towards manhood, we find him at the early age of fifteen entering upon life for himself; and at the age of sixteen a professing Christian and member of the Church in his native town. Almost simultaneously with his conversion comes the conviction that he must devote himself to the work of preaching the Gospel. In preparation for this, he takes a ten years’ course of study; —three at the academy, four in college, and three in theology;— graduating fi’om Brown University in 1851, and from Newton Theo¬ logical Seminary in 1854. Soon after his graduation he becomes pastor of the Third—now the Union—Baptist Church,in Providence, R. I. He resigns on ac¬ count of wavering health, and with the regTets of his people, to ac¬ cept the pastorate of the First Church, in Indianapolis. After a four years’ pastorate here, he accepts a call to the Fifth Baptist Church, in PhiladeliDhia, which greatly increases in numbers, wealth, benevolence, and efficiency during his labors. Here he developes the idea of the Church Bible School, the school numbering over one thousand members, about one-half being adults; and here one winter, for twenty consecutive Sabbath evenings, pastor and converts enter the baptismal waters. His Church twice refuse by formal vote to accept his resignation, when chosen to the Secretaryship. Concerning his election as a Secretary of the Society we can do no better than transfer an extract from the Report of the Board in 1867: “ At each of the last three anniversary meetings you have authorized your Executive Board to elect an additional Corresponding Secretary. But not un¬ til the close of the past year have they been able to obtain such an officer. On the 31st of January, at a full meeting of the Board, Bev. James B. Simmons, then the devoted and successful pastor of the Fifth Baptist Church, Bhiladel- J. B. SIMMONS, D.D. 435 phia, was elected to the office. The vote was unanimous. We felt that he was the man to whom we could confidently commit the work of a Secretary. The thought that we should disturb the happy relation of so good a pastor to so devoted and appreciative a people was painful, but our deeper convictions that he was the man to care for many Churches, and to give direction to a greater work, prevailed. As soon as it was known, the call was seconded by the best and ablest friends of the Society and of Bro. Simmons, until he came to feel it was a call from God. He accordingly accepted the position, and entered upon its duties April 15th. The position to which he was elected, and which he ac¬ cepted, is co-ordinate with that of the Secretary who has faithfully and success¬ fully conducted the correspondence for the last five years.” The first two years he devotes himself to the general work of the Society in connection with Secretary Backus. During this period he originates the Society’s motto: “ Nokth America for Christ. And his skill in editing his part of the Society’s paper attracts such attention that he is urgently invited to take the editorship of one of our chief denominational journals. Upon the adjustment of the educational work for the freedmen,. between the Home Mission Society and the National Theological In¬ stitute, and the determination of the Society, pjursuant to the recom¬ mendations of the joint committee that a Secretary for the Southern Department be appointed, Dr. Simmons, in 1869, is assigned to this special service. In this field, embracing not only the educational work among the Freedmen and the Indians, but the missionary work also, among both the white and the colored races of the South, and also the new mission in Alexico, in the development of which he evinces deep interest, he labors for five 3 "ears with signal success. During this period, receij^ts for the work attain to large proportions. For the year ending April, 1866—the first year after the Society’s full committal to the work—receipts are $21,386; for 1867, $17,692; for 1868, $4,997; for 1869, $5,203—the decrease being due largely to the unsettled and divided condition of the denomination as to the medium through which its benefactions should be transmitted. With the amicable settlement and union after 1869, and with the devoted attention of Dr. Simmons to the work, receipts for the year ending April, 1870, reach $37,907; for 1871, $55,993; for 1872, $49,260; for 1873, $57,400. Contributions after this date go into the common treasury. And yet, for the year ending A]3ril, 1874, $56,356 come in for the freedmen’s work, so that, including grants from the Freed- men’s Bureau and some other gifts that do not pass through the So¬ ciety’s treasury, over $350,000 are secured and go into the Southern work during these five years of his administration. 436 HISTORICAL SKETCH. As lie enters this special department, he finds that though the locations of some of the schools have been determined, yet property and buildings remain to be secured. During his service the Board purchase seven college sites, and erect thereon several buildings. These years, as stated in the preceding chapter, mark a “ new era ” in the work for the Freedmen. In his frequent Southern tours he wins the respect and enlists to some extent the co-operation of the white Baptists in this work. Yet he stands for the full recognition of manhood whatever its cover¬ ing, white, black, or red. Hence in the rejiort of his department in 1870 it is said: “We have aimed to labor impartially in the South for both races. We have supported missionaries in eveiw Southern State but Texas; and in that State apj^ointments have recently been made.” The same year also the decided announcement is made and the position taken that “ The schools must be jyermanenfly founded.” Through his instrumentality the Board prepare and adoj^t and the Society approve a form of subscription and the plan for raising a permanent fund of $500,000, as an endowment fund, the income to be expended in grounds, buildings, libraries and apparatus, or for the support of instruction. The need of such an endowment fund is kept prominently before the denomination by Dr. Simmons, who be¬ fore his retirement makes a good beginning toward it. When by the decision of the Society in 1874 the entire missionary and educational work is committed to one Secretaiy, and Dr. Sim¬ mons retires from his service of seven years, the following minute is adopted by the Society and spread upon its records: “ Rev. James B. Simmons, D.D., entered on his labors as Associate Secretary, in 1867; two j'ears later the work of the Society was divided, and the Southern and Educational Department was committed to him. The present condition of our educational work in the Southern States bears a most impressive testimony to the wisdom, the energy and the consecration exhibited in the location and the conduct of the freedmen’s schools, and in the development of Christian enterj)rise and liberality in their behalf. He has written his name upon the re¬ ligious history of an emancipated race. Their future will be his monument. We cannot ask more in his behalf than that the same blessing of God may attend him in the labors for God and man which may hereafter engage his powers. ” It should here be stated that j\lr. Simmons received the honorary title of Doctor of Divinit}" from the Lewisburg University about the year 1870 or 1871. Though called to be pastor of the strongest Baptist Church in J. B. SIMMONS, D.D. 437 Cincinnati, directly after leaving the service of the Society, yet yield¬ ing to the urgent demand of his brethren, he engages first in complet¬ ing the endowment for Columbian University, and then takes the general management of the Centennial Educational work in the State of New York, giving about two thousand dollars during those two years to the cause of Baptist education in different departments. Though offered a very lucrative position in the management of a secular business, because of his wide-known administrative and ex¬ ecutive ability, he returns to his chosen work of the Gospel minis¬ try, and on September 1st, 1877, becomes pastor of the Trinity Baptist Church, New York City, where he continues with success at the present writing. CHAPTER XX. Schools. “And God hath set some in the Church . . . teachers.”—I. Cor. xii. 28. Only a mere outline of the history of the scliools founded or fostered by the Society can here be given. In the perusal of these sketches the fact should be borne in mind that distinctively education¬ al work was not at once undertaken by the Society; but that the instruction of ministers as well as of others, was combined with mis¬ sionary work, as generally understood. The term “ missionary teach¬ ers ” is commonly apjAied to ministers appointed to labor among the freedmen from 18G2 to 1867, while “ assistant missionaries ” is the term applied to their unordained helpers, both men and women. The delay in taking uj) the educational work until 1865 is thus ex¬ plained by Dr. Backus : “ The Board were without instructions from the Societ}', without constitutional provision for the prosecution such a work, and without funds, and therefore waited for direction from the Society.” From 1865, as we have seen, the Society’s policy on this subject was well defined and vigorously pursued. The pre¬ liminary work where schools have been established will be briefiy noticed in these sketches. For the full lists of teachers the reader is referred to the historical tables. I.—W A Y L A N D SEMIN A R Y . Washington, D. C. The first regular work of the Society for the freedmen in the District of Golumbia, was done by Rev. Jeremiah Mace, who entered upon his labors in March, 18G4. Previous to this something had been done by the Baptist Free Mission Society. In 18G5 the Board ajipointed twelve teachers to labor in Washington, who reported 812 students under their instructions during the year. The work thus begun was vigorously followed up by the purchase in 1866 of school ])roperty on “I” Street, at a cost of $1,500, from moneys contributed by women of the North, for the Freedmen’s Fund. On this site, a building for school purposes, costing about $1,500, was erected by Gen. Howard from funds of the Freed¬ men’s Bureau, and subsequently given to the Society. In 1867 Rev. S. B. Greg- WAYLAND SEMINARY. 439 ory was appointed President of the institution, which w'as named “ Wayland Seminary,” in honor of President Francis AVayland, of Brown University. An average of twenty-five ministerial students was reported for the nine months of the first school year. In 1869, after the Home Mission Society had taken up the work of the Na¬ tional Theological Institute, Bev. G. M. P. King, who had been connected with the latter organization, was appointed President. In 1871 a new site, 150 feet square, on Meridian Hill, in the northern part of the city, was purchased at a cost of $3,375. The erection of a new building thereon was begun in 1873, the corner-stone being laid in October. Though partially unfinished, it was occupied by the school in the fall of 1874. It is a fine four story building with basement, with accommodations for 75 students, with recitation rooms and rooms for the faculty. It cost about $20,000. The walls from the foundation to the crowning were constructed by colored brick¬ layers under the supervision of the master-workman, an ex-slave from Virginia, who purchased his own freedom before the war. In 1882 an addition thereto, for the girls’ dormitory, was completed at a cost, including furnishing, of $12,541. It has accommodations for 40 young women. For several years before this, young women were received into the school, but making their homes in the families of the neighborhood. The new building is called “Parker Hall,” in honor of the mother of J. W. Parker, D.D., whose person¬ al powers and possessions have been freely given to the upbuilding of the Institu¬ tion. The labors of President King for fourteen years, not only in teaching and in the general management of the institution, but* also in enlisting in it the interest of many and securing their generous offerings for the erection and furnishing of the buildings, have been very arduous and very successful. Twice has he visited the North with “ The Wayland Singers,” in furtherance of the interests of the school. The instruction combines academic, normal, and theological courses. In 1874 it was stated that “ more than five hundred freedmen have been j)upils in Wayland Seminary.” Eighty of these are spoken of as ^ eminently useful ’ on their fields of labor. The average attendance annually has been about 125. Maryland has 14 honored laborers, and Virginia more than 40 from Wayland; while others are pastors of churches in New England and through intervening States even to the remote Southwest ; and still others, teachers, three of the number being in the Indian Territory. The principal colored Church in Balti¬ more, under the pastorate of a former student in Wayland Seminary, has secured property valued at $50,000, on which there is no indebtedness. From the same Church five young men have been educated, and are doing good service for Christ. These, and similar results elsewhere, through the labors of men w^ho have gone from Wayland, suggest the inestimable value of this and of kindred Christian institutions. The statistics for 1882 show six teachers, 133 students,—males, 101, females, 32—also 18 conversions, and 49 students for the ministry. Two scholarships of $1,000 each have been secured. Judge Wayland, of New Haven, Ct., has for several years given valuable prizes for excellence in studies. There are about 500,000 colored peojDle in the district adjacent to this insti¬ tution. A cut of the building appears on page 73. The property is valued at $38,000. 440 HISTORICAL SKETCH. II.—RI C H M O N D INSTITUTE. Richmond, Va. The Society’s first appointment to Richmond was in April, 1865. Soon after the surrender of this stronghold of the Confederacy, the missionary and teaching force was enlarged to eleven, who maintained two missions in the city. In November of this year, J. G. Binney, D.D., at one time President of Columbian College, and subsequently teacher of a theological class in Rangoon, Burmah, began his work of instructing colored men preparing for the ministry. He had a class of from twenty to twenty-five, who assembled at night, being compelled by day to labor for their bread. His valuable services were lost to the work after about eight months, on account of failure to secure suitable accommodations for the school. In 1867, “The National Theological Institute and University” appointed Nathaniel Colver, D.D. (Professor of Biblical Theology in the Chicago Theological Seminary), to open a school for ministerial students in Richmond. He began his work in May, and July 1st secured for the school, for three years, at a rental of $1,000 per annum, the establishment called “ Lumpkin’s Jail,” otherwise known as “the old slave pen,” located near Shockoe Creek, in “ Lumpkin’s Bottom.” The four principal buildings were of brick; one of which had been used for the residence and office of the proprietor; another as a board¬ ing-house for those who came to buy or to sell slaves; another for bar-room and kitchen; and the fourth, “ the old slave pen,” for the safe-keeping of men and women until they were disposed of at private or public sale. Lumpkin’s jail. In this building, with its barred windows and its bitter memories, the students for the Christian ministry received instruction under Dr. Colver, The school began systematically about Sept. 1st, 1867, with thirty or forty pupils, two-thirds of whom had some reference to the ministry. For some time, Robert Ryland, D.D., of Richmond, was associated with Dr. Colver in this work. Dr. Colver’s RICHMOND INSTITUTE 441 health failing, he resigned in June, 18G8. His death occurred Sept. 25th, 1870. llev. C. H. Corey, laboring at Augusta, Ga., was transferred to Hichmond in September, 1868, to conduct the school, which, in 1869, together with the other work of the “ National Theological Institute,” passed into the hands of the Society. The United States Hotel (Union Hotel until 1853), on the corner of Nineteenth and Main Streets, was purchased Jan. 26th, 1870, and occuiiied by the school in the fall of the same year. The main building, which is of brick and four stories high, fronts sixty feet on Main Street and fifty feet on Nineteenth Street, and has an extension on the latter street one hundred feet long by thirty-nine wide. It contains about fifty rooms. It was once the fash¬ ionable hotel of the city, and is said to have cost originally $110,000. It was purchased for $10,000, with money granted by the Freedmen’s Bureau. The amount expended for the extensive repairs needed and for fitting up the build¬ ing for school purposes was $10,017.22, of which amount the citizens of Bich- mond, white and colored, contributed over $1,000. RICHMOND INSTITUTE. To avoid legal difficulties in the Society’s holding property in the State, it was taken in trust by the following individuals : A. B. Capwell, J. B. Sim¬ mons, J. S. Backus, E. E. L. Taylor, A. K. Brooks, H. K. Ellyson and B. M. Manl}". The school, which up to this time had been known as “The ColverInsti¬ tute,” now becomes the “ Bichmond Institute,” and under that name it was incorporated by act of the General Assembly of Virginia, Feb. 10, 1876. Under the act the Institution ma^^ hold $500,000 worth of property. The trustees 28 442 HISTORICAL SKETCH. named in the charter are, Nathan Bishop, A. B. Capwell, J. B. Hoyt, W. A. Cauldwell (of the Home Mission Board), and H. K. Ellyson, J. H. Holmes, Richard Wells, A. E. Dickinson, and Stephen Woodman, of Richmond, three of the latter being colored men. In the place of first two named, deceased, H. L. Morehouse and Gardner R. Colby have been elected. June 28th, 1880, a new site, consisting of 2^ acres, was purchased in the western part of the city. The business suiTOundings of the old location make it undesirable for school purposes. New buildings for the education of both sexes are to be erected on the new site as soon as means can be secured. For lack of proper accommodations, comparatively few female pupils have been received. About 100 have been instructed in special classes. The purpose of the Society and of the Trustees who work in co-operation with the Society, is to build up here a higher theological institution, to which the advanced stud¬ ents from all schools may come for the completion of their studies. Two colored instructors, graduates of Madison University, Profs. Jones and Vassar, have for about six years been associated with Pres. Corey. Dr. Corey was honored with his degree by Richmond College in 1881. He has won and held the confidence and esteem of the citizens of Richmond, generally, and many have been the encomiums upon him and the institution under his charge. From 1868 to 1882, the record shows that 771 different students have been enrolled, 532 of whom have studied in the regular course. More than 300 of these studied witli»the work of the ministry in view, and about 200 with a view to teaching. During the summers of 1871 and 1872, from twenty to twenty-five students were appointed by the Society as missionarj' teachers. From annual statistics, it is estimated that through the labors of the students, during their summer vacations, not less than seven thousand persons have professed conver¬ sion. More than fifty churches have been established, and quite one hundred Sunday-schools organized by these student preachers. Many thousands have been added to the churches served by graduates of the school. One graduate within two years received 1,600 members by baptism; another 3,300 members. Rev. Solomon Crosby, from the institution, became a missionary to West Africa, under appointment of the colored Baptists of Virginia. He died, greatly lamented, April 23d, 1881. Rev. W. W. Colley, after his graduation, was mission¬ ary of the Southern Baptist Convention (white) in Africa, for nearly five years; and for the last two years has been the leading spirit in the general organiza¬ tion of the colored Baptists for mission work in Africa. The library numbers 2,600 bound volumes, some of which are of great value. The Endowment Fund amounts to about $3,000, the most of which has been contributed by students of the institution. There are about 400,000 colored people in the district adjacent to Richmond Institute. III.—SHAW UNIVERSITY. Raleigh, N. C. This school had its origin in the formation of a theological class of freed- men in the old Guion Hotel, in Raleigh, N. C., Dec. 1st, 1865, and taught by Rev. H. M. Tapper, of Massachusetts, who, with his wife, had arrived in Raleigh the tenth of the preceding October. The work was commenced under the SHAW UNIVERSITY. 443 auspices of the American Baptist Home Mission Societ}^ Mr. Tapper receiving his commission while yet a soldier in the Union army, through the personal efforts of Dr. llipley, of Newton, Mass. Early in the spring of 1866, through the liberality of Gen. Andrew Porter, of Monson, and Elijah Shaw, of Wales, Mass., and other Northern friends, money was contributed, so that, with the aid of the colored people in the way of work, a large wooden building was commenced at the corner of Blount and Cabariais Streets for the accommodation of the school, where it continued as the Baleigh Institute until 1870. The Freedmen’s Bureau gave $2,000 toward finishing the building. During this period, about 2,000 men, women and children in the day, night, and Sunday-schools received instruction. In 1870 the Barringer property, comprising about ten acres with a mansion, was bought for $15,000. In 1872 nearly one-half of the Shaw building was com¬ pleted at a cost of $15,000, and in 1874 the Estey building, a school for girls, was finished at a cost of $25,000. Mr. Shaw, of Y/ales, Mass., from whom the school was named, has been one of its largest benefactors, having given $8,000 towards the original purchase and the erection of the Shaw building. Towards the erection of the Estey building, J. Estey & Co., of Brattleboro, Vt., gave $8,000; George M. Morse, of Putnam, Conn., gave $2,000; $5,000 were raised by the North Carolina Jubilee Singers, and various persons in the North gave smaller sums. SHAW BUILDING, SHAW UNIVERSITY, ( Original jdan, not strictly followed.) From 1870 to 1874, 600 pupils attended, and the school was known as the Shaw Institute. In 1875 the school was incorporated as the Shaw Dniversity. In 1879 the University Hall was completed at a cost of $6,000; all the money, except $650, having been saved from tuition and the boarding department. At the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees in 1880 the President of 444 HISTORICAL SKP:TCH. the Institution was authorized to make an effort to raise money to establish a medical department in connection with the University. Soon after, a pledge of $5,000 was received from the Leonard family, of Hampden, Mass., on condi¬ tion that $5,000 in addition be raised to erect the necessary medical buildings. Most of the required sum was pledged in the summer of 1880. Dr. Nathan Bishop, William A. Cauldwell, Joseph B. Hoyt, O. H. Greenleaf, Timothy Mer¬ rick and Col. Levi K. Fuller, of the Board of Trustees, contributed liberally, together with other brethren of the North. The erection of the medical dormitory was commenced in the fall of 1880 and was finished in the spring of 1881, at a cost of $5,000. The principal medi¬ cal building, which is known as the Leonard Building, was commenced in the summer of 1881, and was completed and occupied in the fall of 1882. This fine building cost over $7,000. The land on which the medical building is located was a part of the lot of the Governor’s Mansion, and was generously donated by Act of the last General Assembly of North Carolina. Arrangements are in pro¬ gress for completing the Shaw building, at a cost of about $10,000. The entire school property is valued at $125,000. There are five large brick buildings besides the ^lansion House, with twelve acres of land. The number of pupils enrolled since the school was incorporated, in 1875, is over 1,000—six hundred young men and four hundred young women. In al^ the departments of the school, provision has been made for the accommo¬ dation of about three hundred pupils. The number enrolled in 1882 was 277. The students pay annually for board and tuition about $G,000 in cash, and $2,000 in work. The school has five departments—normal, scientific, collegiate, theologi¬ cal and medical. Since the founding of the school, nearly three hundred have been students in the theological department. Many have already entered the ministry and are doing noble service in the different spheres of Christian labor. Two are laboring as teachers and missionaries in Africa. It is believed that not less than 1,000 of the students have taught in the public schools, and the demand for teachers at the present time is far beyond the supply. Most of these teachers engage in Sunday-school work and other Christian labor, and thus constitute a great power for good. The medical school opened in 1882, with a class of ten students. Leading physicians of Raleigh are on the corps of teachers and lecturers. The expenses of this department are met by tuition fees and by special donations, so that no part thereof falls upon the Society. The female department, which dates back to 1870, has prospered far be¬ yond what even the most enthusiastic dared hope. The progress of the young women has been quite as rapid and satisfactory as that of the young men, and they have exhibited a degree of interest and activity in Christian work which shows the wisdom of providing for the education of colored women. The young women receive instruction in industrial and domestic branches from teachers supported by the Women’s Baptist Home Mission Society. A school of carpentry was opened in the fall of 1882, in which students are taught the use of tools and the rules and principles of construction. Special attention has always been given to the moral and religious training ROGER WILLIAMS UNIVERSITY. 445 of the students. Sunday services are regularly maintained in connection with the institution, besides religious meetings during the week. The daily study of the Bible and frequent lectures upon topics of special interest and adapted to the peculiar wants of colored students have done much to develop Christian character and led to a more intelligent and quiet form of worship. Not less than three hundred of the young men and w'omen have been converted while pursuing their studies in this school. The charter provides that the Treasurer, the Chairman of the Executive Board, and the Corresponding Secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, shall be ex-officio members of the Board of Trustees. The names of the present Board are as follows: L. K. Fuller, Vt.; Elijah Shaw, Mass.; O. H. Greenleaf, Mass.; Timothy Merrick, Mass.; J, G. Shed, Mass.; J. B. Hoyt, Conn.; E. Lathrop, Conn.; S. S. Constant, N. Y.; H. L. Morehouse, N. Y.; W. A. Cauldwell, N. Y.; C. H. Banes, Pa.; W. W. Keene, Pa.;G. W. Perry, N. C.; C. T. Bailey, N. C.; W. W. Arrington, N. C. The charter confers on the Board the power of establishing “ one or more universities, colleges, academies, or schools for persons of both sexes or either sex, without regard to their race, color, or any previous condition of servitude.’’ President Tupjier opened his first Sabbath-school in Kaleigh in 1865, under an old oak tree. In 1882 he presides over an institution domiciled in five large brick buildings, unequaled by those of any educational institution in the State, and a noble monument to his untiring energy, tact, wisdom, and faith. Through his personal influence the most of the means for the erection of the buildings has been procured, and by close personal attention to the manufacture of brick on the premises, and to the construction of the buildings, he has secured their erection at about half the usual cost. During the earlier years of his service he encountered severe and protracted opposition in man 3 ^ wa 3 ^s, but with sublime heroism held on his way, devoted to his mission, winning the admiration even of opposers, and at last rejoic¬ ing in the era of good-will and in the measurable accomplishment of his great aims. Bare are the records of achievement grander than his. The colored population of North Carolina is not far from 550,000. IV.—BOGEE WILLIAMS UNIVEBSITY. Nashville, Tenn. The beginnings of work for the freedmen at Nashville and vicinity, on the part of the Home Mission Society, date back to a year before the close of the war, in the appointment June 1st, 1864, of Eev. H. L. Wayland as missionar 3 " teacher to that place. After eight months he resigned, and Bev. D. W, Phillips, who in August, 1864, had been appointed to Knoxville, took his place. The published statement concerning him at the time of his apiiointment, is “that this brother, late of South Beading, Mass., is one of the ablest men we had in all New England.” At first he preached to a white congregation and sur¬ veyed the field. Then he gathered a class of colored 3 mung men in his own house, and later in the basement of the First Colored Baptist Church. In 44 f) HI8T0UTCAL SKKTCH, KOGEH WILLIAMS UNIYELSITY, (Building at left not yet erected.) ROGER WILLIAMS UNIVERSITY. 447 1865 an abandoned government building was purchased for $1,000. This was taken'down, removed and rebuilt at an expense of about $4,000, upon a site northwest of the city. In this building, 120x40 ft. and two stories in height, furnishing recitation rooms and accommodationsTor about forty-five young men and for twelve girls, the school was opened in 1866. For ten years the school continued in this building. Larger accommodations being required, in the spring of 1874, the estate of W. H. Gordon, southwest of the city, consisting of a brick mansion house 80x48 ft., two stories with basement, together with thirty acres of land, was pur¬ chased by Dr. J. B. Simmons at a cost of $30,000. In 1875 a third story and mansard roof were added to this building, and in 1876 a new’' brick structure 160x49 ft., three stories and basement, with mansard roof, and connecting with the mansion, was erected at a cost of about $45,000. Toward the erection of this new building Dr. Nathan Bishop and wdfe gave $28,000. The school entered these buildings Oct., 1876. A regular course of study was first introduced in 1875-6. The school from the beginning has had powerful competitors in institutions established at Nashville by other denominations, but has maintained a high reputation for’thorough wmrk. In 1874 Brown Univer¬ sity conferred upon Kev. D. W. Phillips the degree of D.D. To his indefati¬ gable labors in the institution, and during vacations in presenting the claims of the institution to individuals, Churches, and associations at the North, is much of its prosperity due; while in this connection honorable mention should be made of the valuable services of his principal associate. Prof. L. B. Tefft who since 1874 has been connected with the institution. The records of the institution show an attendance since 1872 as follows: 1872-3, Males, 72; Females, 18; Total, 90. 1873-4, U 79; i i 29; i ( 108. 1874-5, ( ( 95; U 41; (( 136. 1875-6, i t 71; (( 43; ( ( 114. 1876-7, i ( 81; (( 49; (( 130. 1877-8, ( ( 128; u 75; U 203. 1878-9, 128; ( i 79; ( ( 207. 1879-80, (( 150; 6 ( 81; ( i 231. 1880-1, < ( 159; C 6 90; a 249. 1881-2, (( 171; i ( 99; i ( 270. The sudden and permanent increase in 1877-8 was caused principally by holding teachers’ institutes during the preceding summer, which made the school more widely known. In this wmrk Prof. Tefft took a leading part. The entire number of students wdio have attended from the beginning con- not be exactly stated, as for the first years no records of attendance were kept. The number, however, is not far from one thousand ; for since 1872 the enroll¬ ment show^s 787 different pupils connected with the institution. The larger pro¬ portion have fitted themselves for teaching. Many have entered the ministry and have been leaders in every good work. In 1881 gratuitous theological instruction for two months was offered to a limited number of pastors, who accepted the proposition. A positive religious influence has charac¬ terized the institution. Nearly 200 conversions have been reported. The students have maintained themselves by their owm efforts very largely; al¬ though help for many worthy students is required to keep them in the school. Eeceipts from students for tuition, board, &c., in 1881-2, were $6,559.36. 448 inSTORICAL SKETCH. In 1882 the ]>oar(I of the Home Mission Society decided to incorporate the institution, but the incorporation was not eftected until in Jan., 1883. At this time also, in order to relieve Dr. Phillips of the cares of administration, and that he might devote the rest of his valuable life to instruction of theological classes, the Board appointed Bev. Wm. Stewart, D.D., of Canada, President. He en¬ tered upon his labors Feb., 1883. The name of the school was also changed from Nashville Institute to “ lloger Williams University.” Four courses of study are provided—the normal, the academic, the collegiate, and the theological. The whole property is valued at $80,000. The school has a small endowment fund of less than $1,000. Several Indian youth from the Indian Territory have been students in the institution. The graduates are widely scattered through¬ out the South, occupying positions of influence and usefulness. V.—LELAND UNIVERSITY. New Orleans, La. In July, 1863, the Home Mission Society appointed Rev. J. W. Horton Mis¬ sionary to the Coliseum Place Baptist Church (white). New Orleans ; and in November, 1865, Rev. Jeremiah Chaplin, D.D., to engage in the work of instruct¬ ing colored ministers, and students for the ministry. In this service he con¬ tinued wdth some interruptions until 1868; when, becoming convinced that it was labor w'asted to work in the manner he was compelled to do, with no place in which to gather his classes for regular instruction, he left the field. In Decem¬ ber, 1869, Rev. Wm. Rollinson, of New Jersey, was appointed to carry forward the enterprise. His labors in New Orleans began Dec. 29th, by the organization of a class of eight or ten of the resident colored ministers, and also a night school for the general instruction of adults of both sexes; the basement of the First Baptist Church being used for these purposes. A few weeks later Dea. Holbrook Chamberlain, and his wife, of the Baptist Free Mission Society, reached New Orleans, for the purpose of establishing an institution under the patronage of that Society, supposing the field unoccupied. Negotiations were entered into for concerted effort in this matter, and as a re¬ sult of the visit to New Orleans by Secretaries Simmons and Taylor, an arrange¬ ment was effected whereby the work was to be conjointly prosecuted, Dea. Chamberlain assuming one-half the pecuniary responsibility and possessing an equal right of control until such time as a Board of Trustees should be ap¬ pointed and the institution incorporated, when control should pass to them, he, however, still remaining responsible for half of the expenses. “ The Free IMission Church ” was then about to build a new' house of worship, and it was decided to furnish the basement for school rooms, the Home Mission So¬ ciety supplying $2,000 for that purpose and taking a lease of the school rooms as compensation. These rooms finished and well furnished w'ere ready Dec., 1870, and on the 10th of January the school therein was formally opened. The number in attendance this year reached 170. A Board of Trustees w'as appointed and incorporation effected in March, 1870. Immediate steps w'ere taken for the erection of suitable buildings, for which three squares of ground, betw'een seven and eight acres, with a mansion. LELAND UNIVERSITY. 449 in the upper part of the city and fronting on St. Charles St. (the principal avenue), were purchased at a cost of $25,000. One-half of this was paid by the Society and one-half by Dea. Chamberlain. The institution was called “ Leland University,” after the maiden name of Mrs. Chamberlain, who was a direct descendant of Elder John Leland. From this institution,*” as Dr. Simmons wrote after the incorporation, “by the terms of our charter (which terms were of our own choosing) students can never be excluded on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Should whites, who were once slaves, apply, —of whom there are not a few in the South—they will be admitted. Should whites who were never slaves apply, they will not be rejected. For, a Christian school, like a Christian Church, should be open to all properly qualified can¬ didates. All the Home Mission Society’s schools have proceeded from the first on this New Testament basis.” On the Board of Trustees were representatives of the Home Mission Society, the Free Mission Society, and the Consolidated Convention (colored). Rev. Wm. Rollinson continued as President until October, 1872, when upon his voluntary retirement Rev. S. B. Gregory was appointed. Of his own labors Mr. Rollinson says: “During the whole time I was on the field, I preached nearly every Sab¬ bath, generally for the colored Churches, though often for the Coliseum Place and the First Baptist (white). I was cordially received by, and received the moral support of the white Baptists, and enthusiastically so by our colored Baptists; and I look back to my years of labor in New Orleans with unalloyed pleasure.” Mr. Gregory’s labors were terminated by his death in 1873. Rev. L. B. Barker, who had been his associate, took charge until 1876. Rev. Marsena Stone was President from 1876 to 1878, when he was succeeded by Rev. S. J. Axtell, who continued as President until 1881, when Rev. W. F. Morton was ap¬ pointed; and upon his resignation in 1882, Rev. H. A. Traver received the appointment. In 1873 the large and beautiful three story building, with mansard roof, was completed, at a cost of $45,000. (See cut, p. 80. j By Dea. Chamberlain’s close attention to its erection a great saving of expense was efi’ected. The Freedmen’s Bureau had promised to duplicate the amount expended on build¬ ings to the sum of $25,000. The work was projected therefore on the scale of $50,000. When the Bureau, after payments of $17,500, refused to give further aid, the burden of the unfinished work fell with almost crushing force upon Dea. Chamberlain, who on this understanding had assumed the expense of its erection. Nobly, and with self-sacrifice rarely equaled, did he devote time, and energies of mind and body, to the accomplishment of the work, putting into the building, of his own means, $15,000. In addition to this, in 1879, he gave $10,000 toward an endowment fund; and in 1881 conveyed to the Trustees, for the same purpose, property in Brooklyn, N. Y., valued at $25,000. Beyond this, in 1881, under his inspiration and with the approval of the Board of Trustees, a new dormitory for girls was begun, which for lack of funds is not yet completed, and the total cost of which to be about $17,000. The entire amount which this de¬ voted servant of God has given to the upbuilding of Leland University is over $65,000. In his seventieth year he rejoices that he has been permitted to 450 HISTORICAL SKETCH. do this for a people in whose welfare he has ever had the liveliest interest. He is worthy of all honor, and his example worthy of imitation by many, more greatly blessed than he in temporal things. The property of Leland University, with the completion of the new build¬ ing, is valued at cpiite $100,000. A good beginning has been made toward a library, but school apparatus is specially needed. Recently an arrange¬ ment has been made between the Board of Trustees and the Board of the Home Mission Society, whereby the latter assumes the practical manage¬ ment of the educational work of the Univerity, thus securing to it the advan¬ tages of the methods adopted by the Society for the best instruction; the Society becoming responsible for the Jiiaintenance of the school and for the character of the instruction. For many years annual appropriations have been made by the Board for teachers’ salaries. Special attention is given to the normal and industrial departments, while the great aim in the founding of the institution, viz., the education of col¬ ored preachers, is kept prominent. A career of enlarged usefulness is evi¬ dently entered upon; and nowhere is such a school needed more than in the great city of New Orleans and its vicinity, a stronghold of Catholicism, with the usual concomitants of ignorance and superstition. \T.—ATLANTA SEMINARY. , Atlanta, Ga. In May, 1867, Rev. J. W. Parker, D.D., of Mass., went to Augusta, Ga., under the auspices of the National Theological Institute, to locate a school for the training of preachers and teachers for the colored people. The school w'as opened in the Springfield (colored) Baptist Church, at night. He w'as compelled by sickness to return North in July, when Mr. J. Mason Rice took charge. In November of the same year. Rev. Chas, H. Corey, and wife, commenced their labors, retaining Mr. Rice, and receiving aid for a few weeks in the way of lectures from Dr. Parker, The school was kept in a rented room, and mostly at night, so that ]\Ir. Corey seldom reached his lodgings till midnight. The attendance for the year ending May, 1868, numbered 60, of whom 17 w'ere students for the ministry. Mr, Corey’s labors here ended July 13, 1868, and he was subsequently transferred to Richmond. Rev. Lucian C. Hayden, D.D., took up the work the following winter. As the Freedmen’s Bureau was then establishing free schools for the colored people, Dr. Hayden was induced early in Jan., 1869, to take charge of one of these public schools, which was regarded as the expedient thing to do; hence ministerial instruction was almost wholly susi)ended. On November 15, 1869, under api)ointment of the Home Mission Society, Rev. W. D. Seigfried arrived, and soon after in a rented room opened a school. April 21, 1870, an eligible lot 180x180 feet, on Telfair Street, was purchased for $5,700. The school was at once transferred to the old buildings on this property. Mr. Seigfried resumed work in the autumn of 1870, but encountering great difficulties in consequence of the intense political excitement of the time, he left the State, and for a time the school was discontinued. ATLANTA SEMINARY. 451 Leading brethren of the Georgia Baptist Church Convention (white), who had become interested in the work, recommended that Rev. Joseph T. Robert, LL.D., of Georgia, be entrusted with the management. This action was en¬ dorsed by the Georgia Baptist Missionary Convention (colored); and the Home Mission Board accordingly appointed him. His connection with the institute began Aug. 1, 1871. Among the whites of the city the enterprise was regarded with disfavor, on account of some things in its previous management. Dr. Robert secured funds to put the building in condition, and for four years, without an assistant, conducted the school, with an annual average attendance of 52 pupils. Dr. Robert in his sketch of the school says: “ Many whites thought, at first, that colored men could not be roused mentally; we have proven otherwise there.” The “ Augusta Institute,” as the school w^as called, was continued here until 1879, when at the desire of the colored brethren of the State, and with the approval of the white, it was removed to the capital of the State and the name changed to the Atlanta Baptist Seminary. A site for the school was purchased at ATLANTA BAPTIST SEMINARY. the corner of Elliott and West Hunter Streets, containing nearly four acres, and with the avails of the sale of the Augusta property and a special appropriation bj’’ the Home Mission Society, a commodious brick school building was erected; he cost of the whole being about $12,500. In 1879 the institution was incor¬ porated. Dr. Robert has remained at the head ot the institution until the pre¬ sent time, for more than eleven years. In his own words the school “has aimed unwaveringl}' at the education of preacher's, and such teachers as could be 452 HISTQIUCAI. SKETCH. classed with them profitably.” Dr. liobert’s success in this direction has been marked. The leading men among the colored baptists of Georgia have been under his training. More than ‘250 ministerial students have been enrolled in the school at Augusta and Atlanta. The whole number in attendance from 1871 to 1882 has been about 500; in 1882, 113 were enrolled. Of more than 100 ordained minis¬ ters who were students in the institution, about one-half are pastors in Georgia; while licentiates and unordained students are yearly doing a great work. No dormitories for either sex were erected, and only young men were ad¬ mitted to the school. A strong sentiment in favor of education for young women also, was developed soon after the removal of the school to Atlanta. The Board of the Home Mission Society favored it, and encouraged the colored Churches of Georgia to contribute toward the erection of buildings. In the fall of 1881, under the auspices of the 'Woman’s American Baptist Home Mission Society of New England, Miss S. B. Packard and Miss H. E. Giles went as missionaries to Atlanta. They soon opened a school for girls. Early in 1882’ the school was taken up by the Home Mission Board, the teacher’s support being pledged by the Woman’s Society. They met in the basement of the Friendship St. Baptist Church (colored), a most unsuitable place. With great devotion these teachers labored until a large school was gathered and the demand for larger and better accommodations became imperative. Inasmuch as the Seminary site was impaired for school purposes by the close proximity of a new railroad, and the lot was not well adapted to the erection of additional buildings, a new location was determined upon. In the fall of 1882 Dr. Gregor}^ Supt. of Education, after surveying several locations, selected a section of the property known as “ The Barracks,” on the high groiind in the western part of the city, and after a careful investigation, in company with the Corresponding Secretary, its purchase was recommended and eftected with the approval of the Board, for the sum of $17,500. The site contains about eight acres, on which are four double two story dwellings, originally erected for officers’ quarters and suitable for dormitories; also a large, long building formerly used for a hospital, which with few changes serves for general school purposes. Into this the girls’ school is to be transferred at once, and the entire school under one president in the fall of 1883. The sale of the old property will probably meet a large part of the cost of the new. The colored people of the State have taken deep interest in the work, promising to raise $5,000 for the enterprise. They have also aided to quite an extent in the support of beneficiaries, and for other j)urposes. The school has evidently a great future before it in providing an education for the leaders of thought among the more than 100,000 colored Baptists in the Empire State of the South. The colored population of Georgia was 725,133, in 1880 VH.—B E N E D I C T INSTITUTE. Columbia, S. C. For a long time after the be^innincj of the Societv’s work for the freedmen in South Carolina, there v as no concentration of eftbrt for the founding of BENEDICT INSTITUTE 453 one strong school. For several years, from 1802, Dr. Solomon Peck and others labored at Beanfort and Rev. C. H. Corey about three years at Charleston. Many other points received attention. In 1870 a desirable site for an institution was found available at Columbia. As this was the caj^ital of the State, and central, it was decided to locate it here. The Lord disposed the heart of a noble woman of New England, Mrs. B. A. Benedict, of Providence, R. I., to give ^10,000 toward its purchase, the cost being $16,000. The property consisted of nearly eighty acres of land, on which was a large mansion, with several outbuildings, and beautiful grounds. Be¬ fore the war it was valued at $40,000. In honor of the deceased husband of the donor, Dea. Stephen Benedict, lu’other of Dr. David Benedict, the historian, the Board called the school “Benedict Institute.” It was opened Dec. 1, 1870, under the charge of Rev. Timothy S. Dodge, as principal. The first pupil was a colored preacher, sixty-six years old. The attendance the first year was sixty-one. Industrial work was attempted with some degree of success under Mr. Dodge. In Oct., 1877, Rev. Lewis Colby succeeded Mr. Dodge under appointment of the Board. Upon his resignation in 1879, Rev. E. J. Coodspeed, D.D., was appointed. He entered upon his work in October, continuing until his death in the summer of iiii COLBY HALL, BENEDICT INSTITUTE. 464 HISTORICAL SKETCH. 1881. Rev. C. E. Becker was selected as his successor and went to Columbia in Oct., 1882, and is at this writing the president of the institution. During 1879-80, Rev. Lewis Colby, deeply impressed with the need of bet¬ ter accommodations, especiallj'for the girls, devoted his time without compen¬ sation, and with the approval of the Board, to raising $5,000 for a girls’ building. This amount being secured, together with an additional offering from Mrs. Benedict, two frame buildings, one for dormitory and school rooms, the other for dining and music rooms, were erected in 1881. Toward the furnishing of the buildings, the colored people of the State gave over $1,600. The girls’ building is known as “Colby Hall. ” Better quarters for the young men are greatly needed. For this purpose Mrs. Benedict has offered $5,000, and plans are progressing for the new building which is to cost $10,000. In addition to these liberal gifts, she also wisely gave $10,000 in 1873 for the endowment of the In¬ stitution. To this, additions by gift and by income have been made, so that it stands now at about $21,000. By special act of the South Carolina Legislature, through the efforts of Pres. Becker and the co-operation of leading Baptists, the Institution in 1882 was exempted from taxation. The attendance has been as follows: * 1870-71, 61: 1876-77, 101. 1871-72, 61; 1877-78, 70. 1872-73, 142; 1878-79, 88. 1873-74, 84; 1879-80, 100. 1874-75, 118; 1880-81, 232. 1875-76, 115; 1881-82, 239. The great increase in 1880-81, and the year following, were partly due to the completion of the girl’s building, and to the establishment of a preparatory de¬ partment, which, however, has been discontinued. The school has been a fountain of great good to the colored Churches of the State. The name of the benefactor is blessed by hundreds who have enjoyed its privileges, and thou¬ sands more will honor her memory. The property with the new building com¬ pleted is valued at $40,000. There were 604,332 colored people in South Carolina according to the cen¬ sus of 1880. Vni.—NATCHEZ SEMINARY. Natchez, Miss. Years before the opening of this Institution, it was felt by many friends of the Society and by its workers m the Mississippi Valley, that a school should be established somewhere between IMemphis and the Gulf. Under appointment by the Society, Rev. A. C. Caperton, in the fall of 1867, began the work of instruc¬ tion at Memphis, where the Society’s missionaries had previously labored. He continued about two years, but neither here nor at any other point did the in¬ dications seem favorable to the establishment of an institution. In 1876 the United States Marine Hospital, erected years before the war in the most sub¬ stantial manner, at a cost of about $60,000, was olfered for sale at auction. The building had been unused since the war, and was somewhat damaged by a tor¬ nado. It was purchased by the Society for a school, at a cost of $5,000. The NATCHEZ SEMINARY 455 Secretary of the Treasury declining to accept so low a bid, an act was solicited, with his concurrence, from Congress, instructing him to approve the sale. The bill was passed, as there was no demand for the building except for such purposes, and the Society received a deed from the United States, in Jan¬ uary, 1877. C. T. Sampson, Esq., of Massachusetts, generously gave the amount required for its purchase. Extensive repairs and alterations were necessary to adapt the building to school purposes, and even then, with its large rooms and broad halls and corridors, it was not b}^ any means well suited to the wants of such an institution. The amount expended on improvements was $11,807. NATCHEZ SEMINARY'. In October, 1877, under appointment by the Society, llev, Charles Ayer, of New York, opened the school with 20 students. The school has steadily in¬ creased in numbers under his efficient management to the present time, having for the year ending 1882, 149 enrolled, some of them young women. The difficulty and expense of reaching Natchez, especially from those sec¬ tions of the State where most interest is taken in educational matters, led the Board, after careful deliberation, to the decision that a location more central was necessary for the greatest prosperity and usefulness ot the institution. This course was required also by the growing feeling ^^among the colored Bap- 456 HISTORICAL SKETCH. tists of Mississippi, that their educational^wants were not met by so remote a location, and by their contemplated action to start another school. Accordingly, in November, 1882, a conference was arranged between repre¬ sentatives of the Society and of the colored people, at Jackson, Miss. Dr* Gregory and Pres. Ayer and Dr. Marston were present on the part of the Society. Union of effort was decided upon, and on the recommendation of a joint committee, the Board soon after purchased the Campbell property, consisting of fifty-two acres with a good mansion, north of Jackson, and near the city limits, for $5,000. To this location the school is to be transferred in the fall of 1883, if the Natchez property in the meantime is sold to advantage. The colored population of Mississippi in 1880 was 650,291. IX.—THE ALABAMA BAPTIST NOEMAL AND THEOLOGICAL SCHOOL. Selma, Alabama. The colored Baptist Convention at Tuscaloosa, in 1873, decided to establish a school for j^reachers, and asked the white brethren, whose State Convention was then in session at the same place, for money and advice. They were told that the scheme was impracticable. In 1874 they sent Eev. W. H. McAlpine among the colored churches to raise money, and by Nov., 1876, he had raised about $1,000. The Convention at Eufaula, in 1877, decided to locate the school at Selma, and to open it Jan. 1, 1878. Kev. H. Woodsman, who had been holding ministers’ institutes in Alaba¬ ma, under the auspices of the Home Mission Society, was asked to take charge of the school. The Society was not prepared to support him in this undertaking. Nevertheless, feeling that the work was demanded, he accepted the invitation of the Convention, on condition that the colored brethren would endeavor to provide the land and buildings needed, meet the current expenses, and provide for half of his salary. This they agreed to do. The school was opened in Jan., 1878, in the colored Baptist Church at Selma. Property was bought, in 1878, comprising about thirty-six acres, with a building, (formerly agricultural fair grounds), at a cost of $3,000. It is in the suburbs of the city. Not only did the colored people pay for this, but pro¬ ceeded to make improvements and to erect a frame chapel and school-rooms in 1879 ; while at the same time giving for the support of the school. Since 1877 they have raised for educational purposes about $14,000. The property is now valued at $15,000. Mr. Woodsmall was formerly an attorney in Indiana, then captain of an Indiana regiment during the war, and after the war becoming deeply impressed that he ought to consecrate his life to the spiritual and intellec¬ tual elevation of the colored people, studied and was graduated from a southern theological school to fit himself for this work. Finding the colored people un¬ able to bear the burdens assumed, and having expended his own means, he ap¬ pealed to the churches of his native State for aid. The ladies of Indiana, largely through the activity of Miss Auretta Hoyt, contributed to the support of teach¬ ers, while other friends in the North were also raised up for the work. THE FLORIDA INSTITUTE. 457 In March, 1880, the Board of Trustees of the Institution petitioned the So¬ ciety to co-operate in its support. The Executive Board, in June, responded favorably with a pledge of $2,000 for teachers’ salaries the ensuing year. Since then the amount has been raised to more than $3,000 per annum. About 550 students have been enrolled since the opening of the school. More than one hundred students for the ministry, and about the same num¬ ber of teachers, have been in the institution. In 1881 more than eighty pupils were teachers in the public schools of the State. Both sexes are admitted. The institution has no dormitories. These are greatly needed, as students find diffi¬ culty in obtaining suitable rooms in private residences. In 1881 Bev. W. H. McAlpine, who was a slave until 1865, and who has done more than any other colored man for the school, was chosen President ; though Kev. Mr. Woodsmall continued in charge of instruction. Mr. Woodsmall start¬ ed a paper, in 1878, called “ The Baptist Pioneer,” which has a monthly cir¬ culation of about 2,000 copies. The school has been characterized by a deep re- ligious inteiest, and students have been organized for work during vacations. Through them over ten thousand books, including Bibles and Testaments, and a great number of j^apers and tracts by both teachers and students have been distributed. Mr. Woodsmall has devoted much of his vacation in holding minis¬ ters’ and teachers’ institutes throughout the State, and by his indomitable per¬ severance and unflinching faith, in the face sometimes of reproach and opposi¬ tion, for more than five years he has carried forward the enterprise ; literally putting into it his life. There are over 600,000 colored peoj)le in Alabama. X.-THE PL OK 11) A INSTITUTE. Live Oak, Florida. In Oct., 1868, the BethUhem Baptist Association of Florida was organized, and at once took steps to establish an institution of learning. Kev. C. B. Simmons and Col. Wood were appointed a committee to raise money and select a site. Live Oak was chosen, and a square of land, comprising about three and a half acres, on which was an incomplete building originally intended for a court house, was purchased. The colored people of the State raised and expended for this purpose $2,000. Nov. 15th, 1873, the school was incorporated and Trustees duly elected. In 1876 the last payment was made on the property. Unable to complete the building and opeft the school, the Association, in Octo¬ ber, 1879, formally petitioned the Society for assistance. The Corresponding Secretary of the Society made an investigation of affairs, in a visit to Florida in Feb., 1880, and in March of the same year the Board voted to aid, if funds could be obtained, and to open the school the following autumn. Contributions having been sent in for the purpose, Kev. Charles Ayer was requested to pro¬ ceed to Live Oak and superintend the work of completing the building. This being done, Kev. J. L. A. Fish was appointed to take charge of the institution. School was opened in October, 1880. In 1882 a re-organizatioii of the educa¬ tional work in the State was effected, so that the Colored State Convention 29 458 HISTORICAL SKETCH. was enlisted in the upbuilding of the institution. As yet it is in its infancy, and is in need of nearly everything. A generous Christian woman in ^lassachu- setts has promised $5,000 towards the erection of dormitories for girls, and bet¬ ter school accommodations, provided $5,000 additional can be secured. A plain two-story frame building, with rooms for thirty-two young men, was completed in 1882, at an expense of about $1,500. President Fish has already won a large place in the esteem of the colored Baptists of Florida, and onlj^ needs the proper support to make the school a great success. The Convention unites with the Society in the support of Kev. J. N. Stokes as general missionary and agent for the institution. There are about 126,000 colored j^eople in Florida. In Southern Georgia, which is naturally tributary to this school, there are about 100,000 more. XI.—THE KENTUCKY NORMAL AND THEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE. Louisville, Kentucky. Very soon after the close of the war, the colored Baptists of Kentucky or¬ ganized themselves into a “ General Assembly,” for the purpose of establishing a college for the education of ministers and teachers. In 1866 they purchased a site at Frankfort, but they were too poor to start the school. In 1869 they changed their name to the General Association of the Colored Baptists of Ken¬ tucky, and by a bare majority decided to change the location of the school from Frankfort to Louisville. For ten long years, without a missionary or teacher sent to organize and lead them, they lived and toiled on toward the goal. For some cause, the Home Mission Society did but little work among the colored people of Kentucky; the principal laborer being Rev. IMarsena Stone, who spent about six months holding ministers’ institutes in the State in 1873-4. In 1879 they rallied anew to establish the school. The Frankfort property was sold for $2,000. A location was selected in Louisville, on Kentucky Street, between Seventh and Eighth Streets, comprising about two and a half acres, on which was a large two-story brick building, and purchased for $13,800. It was a great venture. In November a school was opened with Rev. E. P. Maros, a colored pastor in the State, as manager, and Rev. W. R. Davis, as teacher. From 25 to 30 students were in attendance the first vear. The school was duly incorporated. As the Board of Trustees had no resources, the teachers were without a stated salary, and often in no little embarrassment. By direc¬ tion of the General Association the Board of Trustees called Rev. Wm. J. Sim¬ mons, pastor of a colored church in Lexington, and a- graduate of Howard University in 1873, to the Presidency of the institution. He entered on his work in Sept., 1880. During the ensuing year 111 students were enrolled. From tuition fees and contributions, about $3,200 was raised, and the General Association appropriated, in 1881, $1,500 toward the school. Finding the burden becoming too heavy, the President visited New Y'ork, in June, 1881, and as a result of his conference with the Board of the Home Mission Society, $1,500 were apiiropriated for the support of teachers, and the Presi¬ dent joyfully telegraphed back : “ Saved ! God has heard our prayer. The Home Mission Society rescues us.” The appropriation was increased to $2,500 the next year, on the promise that about $5,000 should be raised in the State to pay for the property. A third story was added to the building, in 1881, at a cost of $1,300. BISHOP BAPTIST COLLEGE, 469 All the teachers are colored, three of them having been students in Nash¬ ville, and one. Prof. C. S. Dinkins, a graduate of Newton Theological Seminaiy. The courses of study are academic, normal, and theological. In the latter course some of the professors in the Southern Theological Seminary, as well as pastors in the city, have given lectures to the students. The capacity of the building is wholly inadequate to the demands. The colored people of Kentucky, under the energetic leadership of President Simmons, deserve much praise for what they have done, and speedy success in their undertaking. 1 here are about 275,000 colored people in Kentucky. XII.—BISHOP BAPTIST COLLEGE. Maeshall, Texas. The need of a school for the colored people of the Southwest, beyond the Mississippi, had been appreciated for many years prior to 1880, and had engaged BISHOP BAPTIST COLLEGE. HISTORICAL SKETCH. 4()0 the thoughts of Dr. Nathan Bishop, who said to a friend not long before his death in 1880, “I have $10,000 to put into a school in Texas, when the time has come.” This was the inspiration of the movement to establish such an in¬ stitution, although no positive gift was left for this purpose. In the summer of x880. Dr. S. W. Marston, Superintendent of Missions for the Freedmen, made a tour of observation with special reference to the location of a school. With the concurrence of the Texas and Louisiana Association, held in August, 1880, it was decided to locate the school at Marshall, Texas. The “Holcombe proper¬ ty,” a beautiful site, with a “ mansion ” and smaller buildings in the midst of a grove and ten acres of land, was purchased for $2,500. The colored people contributed liberally toward the purchase of the property, and at the Texas State Convention (white) in October, 1880, $400 were contributed for the same purpose. Within ten months nearly $2,000 were provided by the colored people, and a larger sum pledged for the enterprise. In the fall of 1880, through the gift of $10,000 from Mrs. Bishop, thus carry¬ ing out the intent of her deceased husband, and her own intent as w'ell, the Board was enabled to arrange for the erection of a suitable building. This was begun in the spring of 1881, and completed for use in the fall of the same year at a cost of $15,428.74. The building is of brick with stone foundations and trim¬ mings, three stories in height, with school rooms and dormitories for fifty-six students. Additional accomodations for students are provided in the other buildings. A new building for girls is in contemplation. Twenty-seven acres of woodland for purposes of fuel have also been purchased. The entire expense of grounds, buildings, furniture, etc., has been $23,046.35. The school opens the first year most favorably, under the charge of Pres. S. W. Culver, with a force of competent teachers, among whom is Prof. F. D. Shaver, formerly instructor at New Orleans. The attendance for the year end¬ ing May, 1882, was 299; many, however, were in the preparatory school, sus¬ tained in i)art by public funds. The colored Baptists of Texas, and the white brethren as well, have taken a deep interest in this institution, the only school of the Society for freedmen west of the Mississippi. The colored people on this field number about 600,000. XIII. — INDIAN U N I V E II S I T Y. Tahlequah, Indian Territory. The education ot Indian youth has ever had a prominent place in the work of Christian missions among the Indians in this country. In 1865 the Ameri¬ can Baptist Home Mission Society, after assuming this branch of the mission¬ ary work of the denomination, announced the special need of a higher Christian institution, similar to the institutions established for the training of teachers and preachers for the colored people. The Indian University had its origin in the settled conviction of many Baptists in the Indian Territory that in order to perpetuate and extend with increased efficiency the blessings of Christian civilization among the civilized and uncivilized tribes of the territory, a Normal and Theological School was a necessity. This conviction ripened into action in 1879. Plans for the establishment of such a school were discussed, and the meas- INDIAN UNIVERSITY. 4()1 lire received the special attention of Eev. Daniel Eogers, general missionary of the Society in the Indian Territory, and of Prof. A. C. Bacone, then engaged in teaching in the Territory. The Board, being consulted, favored the plan by granting for the use of the school a part of the mission building at Tahlequah, the capital of the Cherokee nation; and on Feb. 9th, 1880, the school was open¬ ed in charge of Prof. Bacone, who, as a graduate of the University and Theolog¬ ical Seminary at Eochester, as well as from long experience in teaching, was well qualified for the position. At the outset the Board was unable to render pecu¬ niary aid, but during the last two years has chiefly maintained instruction therein. A Board of Trustees has been appointed, and the institution duly in¬ corporated. Its doors are open to the youth of all Indian tribes. The Creek Council has granted land for the new site, which has been select¬ ed near Muskogee, and on which new buildings specially adapted to school purposes are to be erected as soon as means for the purpose can be obtained. The attendance for 1881-2 was 68: 53 Cherokees; 5 Delawares; 2 Choctaws; 1 Ottawa, and 7 whites ;—preparing for the ministry 4; for teaching 26. The Trustees of the institution are Eev. J. S. Murrow, Eev. Daniel Eogers, Prof. A. C. Bacone, of the Territory; Eev. H. L. Morehouse, New York; Eev. Chas. Journey cake. Chief of the Delawares; Eev. James Williams of the Choc¬ taw nation; Eev. Adam Lacie of the Cherokee nation; Eev. John McIntosh of the Creek nation; Hon. Samuel Checota, Chief of the Creek nation. The Society is very desirous that the institution should have the needed buildings that will cost about $15,000 for the prosecution of its work. The five thousand Baptists who are members of about ninety churches in the Territory, greatly need such an institution. The school will furnish missionaries also for the wild tribes of the country. CHAPTER XXL Nathan Bishop, LL.D. “Created in Christ Jesus unto good works,”—Eph. ii. 10. The only Corresponding Secretary of the Society from the “ lay¬ men” of the denomination, was Nathan Bishop, LL.D. He was born in Oneida County, Aug. 12, 1808. The son of a farmer in comfoidable circumstances, he labors with his hands and diligently uses his spare time in reading and study. At the age of eighteen, he enters an academy, wdiere his progress in scholarship is marked. About this time occurs his conversion and public confession of Clinst. Graduating from Brown IJniversity in his twenty-ninth year, and highly esteemed by President AYajdand, he immediately receives an appointment as tutor in the institution, remaining in this po¬ sition, however, but a year. In 1838, he accepts the Superintend¬ ency of the public schools of Providence, and for thiideen years discharges his duties with great acceptance. In 1851 the school authorities of Boston elect him Superintendent of Public Instruc¬ tion for that city. While here. Harvard University confers on him the degree of LL.D. From 1842 to 1854, we hnd him a Trustee of Brown University, and a Fellow from 1854 to 1861. Soon after his removal to New Y"ork City, in 1857, he marries Mrs. Caroline C. Bleecker, widow of Garrat Noel Bleecker, and daughter of Dea. Ebenezer Cauldwell,—a union, in the best and tmest sense, in heart, in the ruling purpose of life, to glorify God by the diligent employment of their personal powers, and by the liberal use of property consecrated to His service. In the great metropolis he soon becomes prominentl}' identified with denominational, educational, and philanthropic enterj^rises. His strong common sense and sa¬ gacity cause him to be much sought after as a counsellor in such matters. We find him for many years an influential member of the State Board of Charities; one of the original and most efficient mem¬ bers of the Executive Board of the United States Christian Com¬ mission during the civil war; one of Matthew Yassar’s confidential NATHAN BISHOP, LL.D. 463 advisers in liis plans for higher education for young women; a con¬ stituent member of the Board of Trustees of Vassar College, and for several years Chairman of its Executive Committee—in these po¬ sitions contributing very largely to the success of this noted in¬ stitution. Subsequently, the Evangelical Alliance appoint him one of a com¬ mittee to visit Kussia, for the purpose of securing religous liberty for Protestants in that Empire. In 1869 President Grant appoints him a member of the First Board of Indian Commissioners, in which capacity he serves for several years, and voluntarily retires, with others, when they could not conscientiously approve or share the responsibility of certain acts of prominent government officials. As one of the New York City Sab¬ bath Committee, his activity is well remembered. The denomination knows of his interest, from 1865, as one of the Managers of the American Bible Society, in endeavoring to secure modifications or reconsideration of the obnoxious action which caused Baptists gen¬ erally to withdraw from tiiat organization. During his later years he becomes interested in founding and sustaining the Baptist Home for the Aged, and the New York Baptist City Mission. The affairs of the American Ba23tist Home Mission Society, however, enlist his most earnest thought, and receive for many years large contributions of his time and of his means. He becomes a mem¬ ber of the Executive Board in 1865, and at this period, when the j^olicy of the denomination is to be shaped concerning education for the freedmen, he is made Chairman of the Committee on Education. During the succeeding four years, when the agitation arises as to the agency through which the denomination should do this work, his influence is potent, and to him, j^robably as much as to any other, is the Society indebted for the decision finally reached. In 1873 he offers his resignation as a member of the Executive Board, when the following resolutions are adopted : “ Besolved, That in receiving the announcement from Dr. Nathan Bishoj) o-*^ his resignation as a member of this Board, after a connection with it of nine years, we take occasion to express our deep regret at his retirement, and our sense of gratitude for the valuable service he has here rendered to the cause of Home Missions, as also for the very liberal donations which, from time to time, have been made by himself and Mrs. Bishop to our treasury, amounting to the generous sum of nearly $23,000. And the Board exjDress the hope that they may yet welcome him again to its fellowship, and enjoy as heretofore, his presence and his counsel.” These resolutions, ^^ublislied also in the Annual Be^^ort, are almost HISTORICAL SKETCH. 4f)4 without a precedent or parallel in the records of the Board, on the re¬ tirement of one of its members. At the meetiii" of the Society in c.^ %/ Washington, in 1874, when a change is made in the number of Sec¬ retaries, Dr. ]3ishop is elected Corresponding Secretary for the General Department of Missions and Education. Upon his declin¬ ation, the Board elect him to till a yacancv in their ranks. After the death of Dr. Taylor, the Board, Sept. 10, 1874, request Dr. Bishop to serye as Acting Corresi^onding Secretary. To this he con¬ sents on condition that his seiwices shall be without compensation—a heayy debt at this time resting on the Society. In 1875, at Philadelphia, he is elected Secretary for the whole work of the Society. At this time, on account of the financial reyerses of the country, the offei- ings of the churches for Home Missions diminish, and a heayy debt accumulates. Disastrous results are apprehended. At this crisis, and just at the close of the fiscal j^ear in 187(1, Air. and Airs. Bishop make to the Society their “ Special Centennial Gift ’’ of $80,000, sweeping oft* the debt, and tilling all hearts with joy. The great en¬ terprises are sayed, and the work goes on without embarrassment. AVhen on the 14th of September, 1876, he feels constrained to ten¬ der his resignation, the Board pass and publish in the Annual Report to the Society, the following: “ liesolved, That this Board do at this time hereby gratefully express their obligation to Nathan Bishop, LL.D., our late Corresponding Secretary, for the generous, courteous, and faithful manner in which he has performed gratuitous, ly the arduous duties of his office for a period of more than two years past.” During these two years, as an unsalaried officer of the Society, he retains his connection with the Board of Alanagers, continuing to do so until his death at Saratoga, N. Y., August 7, 1880. In Dr. Bishop w’as a rare combination of dignity and benignity, of firmness and gentleness, of earnestness and urbanity, of caution and aggressiyeness, of justice and compassion, of fidelity to the faith as he understood it, and catholicit}' of feeling towards others who thought differently, and a deep, undemonstratiye religious life which exercised itself in appropriate ways toward both God and man. His purchase and distribution among the ministerial students in schools for the freedmen of large numbers of “ The Life of Uncle John A^assar,” shows his admiration of, and symjiathy with a soul thus consecrated to Christ. He was a noble man of noble mien. His natural endowments, de- yeloped by cultiyation, were lighted uj), enriched and mellowed by the indwelling grace of God, as figures in cathedral windows, at NATHAN BISHOP, LL.D. 4G5 night, by the light within, are illuminated and brought out in forms of beauty to the passer by. He regarded property as a sacred trust from God, which he had no right to withhold when it was demanded for the interests of Christ’s kingdom, nor to lavish on personal grat¬ ification. He gave generously to a multitude of objects. To the Church Edifice Fund he gave $5,000. He preferred to be his own executor, as his gifts attest. He once said to a friend, “ If the Lord will only give me an intimation of when I am to be called away, I will try to manage matters so as to die poor.” The in¬ timation was given and he acted accordingly, among other things, making over property in Boston valued at $30,000 to the Mis¬ sionary Union, for Bible work in foreign lands. He expressed his in¬ tention to devote $10,000 to the founding of a school for the colored Baptists in Texas. He was not spared to execute his intention ; yet, through the munificence of another, “ Bishop College,” at Marshall, Texas, has already become an established fact. Dr. J. B. Sim¬ mons states that Dr. Bishop once said to him : “ I liaA^e been blamed for giving so many thousand dollars for the benefit of colored men. But I expect to stand side by side with these men on the day of Judgment. Their Lord is my Lord. They and I are brethren; and I am determined to be prepared for that meeting.” CHAPTER XXII. Foreign Populations in America. Men out of every nation under heaven.Every man heard them speak in his own language.”—Acts ii. 5, 6. From almost its first settlement America has been the abode of a “ mixed multitude.” Discovered by a Spaniard, coveted alike by Spaniards, English, French, and Dutch, it quickly drew to its shores people out of nearly eA^ery European nation. In 1626 Peter IMin- uits, director-general of a Dutch colony, under the auspices of the Dutch West India Company purchased Manhattan Island (on which the city of New York is located) of the natives for hventy-four dol¬ lars. As early as 1643 it Avas stated that eighteen languages were spoken in New Amsterdam (NeAV York). Subjects of Great Britain Avere in the majority, next in numbers were the Dutch, and next, the French. From England came the Puiltan colonists to Ncav England, the Catholic colony of Lord Baltimore to Maryland, Episcoi^alians to Virginia, the High Church Cavaliers to Carolina, Oglethorpe’s col¬ ony in Georgia for the benefit of oppressed Protestants, the Quaker colony to West NeAv Jerse}" and PennsyRania, a miscellaneous mul¬ titude to New York, and scattered companies elsewhere. The Dutch Lutherans concentrated about Noav Amsterdam, reaching eastAvard into Connecticut, southward to DelaAvare, northward along the Hud¬ son to Albany; and later, in large numbers, Lutherans, Mennon- ites and Quakers settled in Pennsylvania. The French Catholics early got a strong foothold in Canada, spread¬ ing along the St. LaAvrence and the Great Lakes to the Mississippi, Avere represented in the Carolinas and became numerous in Louis¬ iana; AAdiile the French Huguenots were found to a limited extent in Eastern Canada, in NeAv England and New York, in larger numbers in Virginia, and most numerously in South Carolina. Swedish Luther¬ ans settled along the Dehuvare. SavIss Protestants Avere sprinkled through some of the colonies. During the eighteenth century before the Revolution, thousands of Scotch PresbAderians settled in New England and in NeAv Jersey, AAdiile great numbers of Irish Presby¬ terians colonized in Pennsylvania and were scattered through other FOKEIGN POPULATIONS IN AMEIIICA. 467 sections. Welsh Protestants settled in the northern sections of the country. Spanish Catholics were found in the Southern colonies along the Atlantic, but chiefly in the Southwest. Thus, from the first, the most heterogeneous elements were brought together in America, and though generally intending to preserve their distinctiveness, found it impossible to do so. They were fused to some extent in the furnace heat of the Revolution, though unifica¬ tion was by no means complete. European customs, languages, laws, and religions were transplanted here, but soon presented modified forms. Hence it appears that whatever dominance the Puritan principles of New England ultimately attained in this land, they did not gener¬ ally have pre-occupanc^L In considering the questions of the Amer¬ icanization and Christianization of peoples who come hither, it will tend to impart steadiness to our judgment if the facts cited be re¬ membered. After the struggle for Independence, the oppressed of Europe flocked hither in greater numbers. In 1820 the arrivals from Europe are reported at 8,385; in 1828 they exceed 20,000; in 1832 they reach 53,179; in 1842 for the first time they exceed a hundred thousand—104,565; in 1847, for the first time they are over two hundred thousand—234,968 ; and in 1850 they run up to 310,004 The year of the great Irish famine, 1846, beheld 109,680 immigrants from Ire¬ land added to our population, and large numbers followed for several years ensuing. Most of these were Catholics. In 1854 flood tide was reached, when 427,833 arrivals were reported. Then came a marked decrease, partly in consequence of the excitement created by the use made of the foreign element in politics, resulting, in 1854-6, in the development of the Native American or “Know Nothing” party; and partly on account of the panic of 1857; so that, in 1858, there were but 144,653 arrivals, and not all of these foreigners. It is estimated that the whole number of foreigners coming to America between 1784 and 1850, was 2,500,000. The outbreak of the civil war in 1861 checked immigration, so that it ran down that year to 91,920. It rose again rapidly after the ’war, reaching in 1869, 352,569; the total arrivals for the fourteen years, including 1869, being 1,514,816. The census of 1870 showed a population in the United States of 38,558,371; of whom, 5,567,229 were of foreign birth. At that date Ireland led in numbers, as follows: Natives of Ireland, 1,855,827; of Germany, 1,690,533; of England, 550,924; of British America, 493,- HISTOKICAL SKETCH. 4()8 4()4; of Scotland, 140,835; of France, 110,402; of Norway, 114,240; of Sweden, 97,332. The census of 1880, in a total population of 50,155,783, shows 0,079,943 persons of forei^-n birth, and changes the foregoing order as follows: (xermany, 1,900,742; Ireland, 1,854,571; British America, 717,157; England, 002,070; Sweden, 194,337; Norway, 181,729; Scot¬ land, 170,130; France, 100,971. It is a noticeable fact that though in ten years the foreign born l)opulation has increased one-fifth, yet the Irish are slightly less than ten years ago; the Germans, about one-eighth more; the English, one- tifth more ; immigrants from Britisli America, nearly one-half more ; from Scotland, nearl}" one-quarter more; from France, about one-tenth less; from Norway nearly three-tifthsmore; Sweden,hvice as many. The increase of immigrants from the German Empire and from Sweden and Norway, during 1881 and 1882, has been much greater than from other countries. The influx of French Canadian Catholics, as well as Irish Catholics into New England, NeAv A"ork, and New Jersey, adds largely to this element in these localities. Catholic¬ ism, as represented by the Irish element, has received a serious check; though at the same time, considerable strength from Ger¬ many and from the Canadian French immigration; while the Prot¬ estant elements have been largely augmented, with no falling off in any direction. It is doubtless safe to say that within the past five years the immigrants of Protestant proclivities have been twice as numerous as those of Boman Catholic proclivities. Taking into account this fact and the other fact, that Catholicism annually loses large numbers of the children of Catholic parents, and it is appar¬ ent that its influence is on the wane in this land, although, in con¬ sequence of this, its efforts to retain poAver will be the more desperate. About one-fifth of the population in the following States are of foreign birth, viz. : Connecticut, New Jersey, Colorado, Nebraska, and Washington Territory; about one-fourth in ’Massachusetts, Bhode Island, New York, and Michigan; about one-third in Wisconsin, Min¬ nesota, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Utah, and California; about tAvo- fifths in Dakota and Arizona. The other States and territories are beloAv one-fifth, doAvn to a small proportion in several instances. The tendency to mass themselves in cities is characteristic of many immigrants. Ifence, Ave find about tAvo-fifths of the population of NeAv York,Chicago, Milwaukee, Detroit,and San Francisco are foreign¬ ers; one-third of the population of Jersey City, Buffalo,andCleveland; FOREIGN POPULATIONS IN AMERICA. 469 nearly one-third of Boston, Brooklyn, Newark, Pittsburg, Cincinnati, and St. Louis. Thus fourteen out of twenty of the principal cities of the country, in an aggregate population of about 4,200,000, have about 1,600,000 of foreign birth. The unprecedented immigration of 1881 and 1882 has changed slightly, in some cases, these proportions, and so augmented the for¬ eign poj)ulation of the country that at the end of 1882 it may be put down at about eight millions. To ascertain the real proportions of this element in the population, however, we must add the direct descend¬ ants of foreign born parents, who very largely follow in the an¬ cestral faith. In 1870, the census gave 9,734,845 persons, both of whose parents were of foreign birth,—nearly one-third of the whole population. If we follow the same proportion in 1880, it will give about 16,000,000 of foreign parentage in a population of 50,000,000. Sixty foreign countries, kingdoms or States, are represented in the population of the United States. The City of New York has repre¬ sentatives of these sixty diverse peoples, alongside of whom also dwell a large number of persons born in forty-eight States and ter¬ ritories of our own country. Almost as heterogeneous a multitude is comprised in the population of other principal cities of the country. The position taken by many of these people concerning the public school system, concerning the manufacture and use of intoxicating beverages, concerning the observance of the Sabbath, has created grave apprehensions in the minds of patriots and Christians as to the ultimate effect of this foreign influx, which in cities,—especially in New York, Brooklyn, Cincinnati, Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Louis,— instead of becoming speedil}^ assimilated, preserves and establishes its European customs. The clannishness of some of these peoples in their political action is an element of danger; for thereby legislation in the interests of hierarchal systems is readily secured. Of course, the Gospel, which, accepted, breaks the shackles of the hierarchy, develops individuality, inculcates reverence for law and order, and secures the sanctity of the Sabbath, is the only radical remedy for the ills that result from the presence of a great mass of mere religious formalists or infidels in our social, civil, and religious systems. Fully recognizing this, evangelical labors for about a gen¬ eration have been put forth among them by the leading denomina¬ tions of this country. The work of Baptists in this direction began, not as the result of sheer determination that something must be done, but in accordance with the indications and openings of Divine Providence. As in Ger- 470 HISTORICAL SKETCH. many and Sweden, Baptists arose spontaneously, by honest study of God’s word; so in America, as we notice particularly in subsequent chapters. In 1836, and for several years afterward, the Home Mission Society had a missionary among the Welsh, who rejoiced that these members of the “ Gomerian family ” were not forgotten; in 1846 its first missionary to the Germans ; in 1848 a missionary among the Scan¬ dinavians; and took up the Grande Ligne Mission among the French in Canada in 1849. The Society’s first appointment to the Chinese was in 1870. The chief efforts of the Society have been put foidh among the Germans, the Scandinavians, and the French. Among these, during the last twelve years, the average number of missiona¬ ries has been nearly 58; ranging from 44 in 1871, to 96 in 1882. In this number is a missionary at Castle Garden, New York, who speaks several languages, through whose distribution of evangelical literature, by whose advice and information, thousands of our own faith from for¬ eign shores, and other thousands also are greatly benefited. He stands as a representative of the denomination to greet our brethren who come hither to make with us their home. In 1882 the Gospel was preached by missionaries of the Society to nine different nation¬ alities. The particular results are mentioned subsequently, so far as statis¬ tics can give them. It should be borne in mind, however, that there is a steady drain from these non-English speaking churches to Amer¬ ican churches; hence, that all results are not visible in churches dis¬ tinctively of foreign populations. American churches have been greatly enriched by accessions of those who were first brought under the intiuence of the truth in German and Scandinavian churches in this country. On this account, also, these churches are rendered dependent upon missionary aid for a longer period than American churches. The views of the Society at the begining of this missionary work among foreign populations are expressed in the report of 1850: “ However much it may be the desire and policy of the Board to blend all suitable foreign materials with our native Churches, and use our influence in rendering the population of the country as homogeneous in religious character and action as possible, it is evidently the dictate of true benevolence to afford aid for a time to such distinctive organizations. Thousands of them will never become familiar with our language, but if addressed in their mother tongue, they will hear the blessed truths of divine inspiration, and may believe and be benefited by them temporally and spiritually. They may generally, though not universally, remain isolated in their social and religious organizations, but their children, whether of foreign or native birth, will be educated in the language and FOREIGN POPULATIONS IN AMERICA. 471 customs of our country and amalgamate with society as it exists around them, rendering such distinctive organizations unnecessary, except for the preparato¬ ry objects originally intended.” This Americanizing process will go on, as it should; but in view of the great work already wrought, in view of the fact^ that thousands have been saved by our missionaries proclaiming to them the Gospel in their own language, this branch of the work should be greatly strengthened; particularly while the annual immigration from Eu¬ rope reaches from one-half to nearly three-c^uarters of a million. Having welcomed people of other nationalities to oui shoies, as Chris¬ tians we must make the most of our opportunities foi theii evangel¬ ization; without pausing for heated discussion whether the biead of life be conveyed to them in German-silver or American-silver dishes. It is important, above all things, that they be Christianized in the quickest way possible. The method of the Holy Spirit on the day of Pentecost is the safe and wise one still to follow—to give the Gospel to every man in his own tongue wherein he was born. We have rejoiced in the triumphs of the Gospel thiough missionary ef¬ fort in Europe. The field is being transferred to our own shores. In the words of President E. G. Robinson, we say that “ To the complete Christianizing of these commingling races, the providence of God now calls us, with a voice, which we cannot, with¬ out guilt, decline to hear. All around us are flowing in the repre¬ sentatives of races, for whom the Gospel is to do its complete work. Was there ever a nation or a period, since our Lord’s ascension, in which His followers were summoned, as they now are, as by trumpet calls from heaven, to arise and do His bidding? Or a nation or pe¬ riod in which it was easier to do His bidding? Ora nation or period in which failure to do His bidding could show greater recreancy and guilt ? ” (^HIPTER XKni. Missions Amono thp: Germans. “Who hath despised the day of small things.”—Zech. iv. 10. In Nureinbur", Germany, in 1812, Konrad A. Fleischmann was born. At the age of nineteen he was converted and joined the Separatists, an organization of avowed believers only. In the course of his studies, at the age of twenty-three, he became convinced that the Scriptures required believers to be immersed, and was baptized. Accepting an invitation from George Muller of England to visit En¬ gland, he was induced to go as missionary to America. xViTiving here in 1889, he begins to preach at Newark, N. J., and in October, 1889, gathers his first fruits in the baptism of three con¬ verts, and others subsequently. Going to Pennsylvania, his preach¬ ing is greatly ble.ssed, especially in Philadelphia, where his success attracts the attention of Baptist brethren, through whose agency the preacher and the converts organize as a regular German Baptist Church in 1843, the Church being received into the Philadelphia As¬ sociation in 1848. In 1858, this indefatigable and successfid pastor begins the publication of the first German Baptist paper—“ Der Sendbote de^ Uvangelium,” (The Gospel Messenger). Suddenly, October, 18()7, after preaching with great impressiveness from the text: “Thus saith the Lord: Set thy house in order, for thou shall die, and not live,” his useful career of twenty-five years terminates by death. The Church, as we find it in 1882, is a strong and vigorous body, with an able and thorough!}' educated man, Bev. J. S. Gubelmann as pastor. Another incident, strikingly similar, must be recorded. In 1845, a young man from Switzerland, named John Eschmann, who at an early age embraced evangelical views and professed conversion, arrives in New York. Here he unites by baptism with the South Baj^tist Church, Rev. Charles G. Sommers, pastor, through whose instrumental¬ ity the Board of the Home Mission Society, early in 184G, appoint him missionaiy' to the Germans in New York City and Newark, N. J. In 1847 the Board rej^ort that— “Among the frnits of his labors, are the organization, in New York, of a German Baptist Church of twelve members, who had been baptized in Ger- MISSIONS AMONG THE GERMANS. 473 many by Rev. Mr. Oncken and his associates, and the subsequent addition of seventeen persons by baptism, and sixteen by letter. Others also have been hopefully converted to Christ, through the instrumentality of Mr. Eschman. “A portion of the German population in the cities mentioned are known to be, sentimentally. Baptists; and the probability of considerable addition to their number by immigration the ensuing year is great. The entire number, compared with the numerous German Catholics, will be small; but this little church is regarded as a promising nucleus, around Avhich, by the grace of God- will be clustered such evangelical instrumentalities as will be well adapted to act upon the superstitious minds and trammeled consciences of their country¬ men. We believe that in this event there is providential kindness of our Lord and Master, providing an interesting auxilliary, the value of which, in the great conflict of opinion which has commenced, we may not now be able to appre¬ ciate, further than to be satisfied with the appropriation of the small amount of funds necessary for its establishment.” How well these expectations have been realized will appear from the fact that New York City and Brooklyn have three vigorous German Baptist Churches in 1882; and from the following statement of Kev. G. A. Schulte, at the Jubilee Meeting of the Society; “This Church, the first German Church supported by the Home Mission Society, has given to our work twenty German missionaries, and with two or three exceptions they are all active men laboring for the cause of Christ; men like Brother Gubleman, men like Brother Haselhuhn, editor of our German papers, men that command the respect of our American friends.” As members of the Philadelphia and New York churches, and Baptists immigrants from Germany settle throughout the West, other organizations arise, so that in 1851 we find eight German Baptist Chui-ches and five ministers in the United States; and in 1853 fifteen ministers and Churches in Bochester, Buffalo, Canada, St. Bonis, and elsewhere. Most properly could the Board say, ‘‘ Thus is the Home Mission Society performing Foreign Mission work in our own land, and ah-eady has that work been owned and blessed of God. ” In 1851 a German Conference is organized at Philadelphia, Drs. Anderson, Burrows, and Gillette, American brethren, taking part in the deliberations which relate to the establishment of a theological school, the publishing of a religious jiaper, and methods of mission¬ ary work. The visit to this country, in 1854, of the great Baptist missionary of Germany, Kev. J. G. Oncken, and his presence at the annual meeting of the Society, im23art new interest to this work. We notice another j^rovidential circumstance. A young man of the evangelical party of the Prussian Church, who had preached the necessity of personal faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, and who, v ithal, had enjoyed the advantages of the most thorough theological 30 course 474 HISTORICAL SKETCH. ill the Germau Universities, impelled hv missionary zeal came to this country in 184(). For a time he labors in connection with the American Tract Society. In 1850, largely through the influence of Rev. Rev. Charles G. Sommers, of New A^ork city, he adojits the views of Baptists and unites with the Bajitist Church. The eyes of his breth¬ ren at once turn to him as the man raised up of God—the only man at the time uniting the piety and the learning recpiisite, for the Pro¬ fessorship of Theology in the new German Depaidment of the Roches¬ ter Theological Seminary, to which he is appointed in 1858. This able and devout scholar, Dr. A. Rauschenbusch, has had under his in¬ struction about one hundred and fifty young men prepaiing for the ministry, in this countiy, in Germany, and even in South Africa. Thus the boughs of our Home Mission vine, running over the WTill, drop their clusters of blessings into other lands. By this succession of marked providences which the reverent Christian mind could not disregard, have American Baptists been led onward in their evangelical labors for the Germans in this land. So great is the growth of German Baptist Churches in the West, that in 1859, a Western German Conference is organized. In 1863, 1866, and 1871, the Board secure the services of Prof. Rauschenbusch “ to make a tour of inspection and exploration for the benefit of our missions among the Germans.” In 1870 the Board appoint Rev. G. A. Schulte General Missionary for the East German Conference, in which capacity he labors most acceptably for three years, and after him Rev. E. J. Deckmann and Henry Trumpp three years longer. Co-operation between the German Baptists and the Board begins in 1870, the Board making appointments of missionaries upon the recommendation of the Executive Committees of the German Bap¬ tist Conferences. In 187*2 the Board appropriate two dollars addi¬ tional to every dollar raised by the Western German Conference for missions among the Germans. Later, the Board appropriate to each Conference one dollar additional to every dollar raised by them and paid into the Society’s Treasury; but in 1881 the amount to the Western Conference is increased to one dollar and a half for everv dollar thus raised. In 1873 Rev. J. C. Haselhuhn labors under appointment of the Board as General Missionary in the West. In 1881 the Western German Conference, for greater efliciency, subdivides into three con¬ ferences, though maintaining united counsels in the Western German Baptist Society. An outgrowth of this mission work appears in the establishment MISSIONS AMONG THE GERMANS. 475 of tlie German Baptist Publication Society, at Cleveland, Oliio, in 18G6, under the management of Rev. P. W. Bickel until 1879, and since then under the management of Rev. J. C. Haselhuhn. It publishes “Z)er Sendbote,” an eight page weekly, two Sunday-school papers, a missionary paper, and books and tracts on religious sub¬ jects. Its property in Cleveland is valued at .$25,000. The growth of German Baptists in America has been principally through conversions of religious formalists and skeptics, though con¬ siderable numbers have come from the Baptist ranks in Germany. From the two churches in Philadelphia and New York in 1846, the in¬ crease in 1864, as reported by the two conferences, has reached 60 churches, with fifty ministers and 3,200 members. In 1876 they report 100 churches with 7,300 members; and in 1882,137 churches with 10,334 members; and including the unorganized and unassociated German Baptists of the country, a total of about 12,000. The general statistics for 1882 are as follows: Baptisms, 896; raised for current expenses, $68,971.42; for Home Missions, $4,441.33; for Foreign Missions, $3,120.83; for Ministerial Education, $2,170.70. The number of Sun¬ day-schools, 168; of teachers and officers, 1,603; of scholars, 12,854. Remembering the fact that there is comparatively little wealth among the German Baptists of this country, the sum raised through their benevolence is remarkable. Such results are gratifying to those whose means have been freely given for this work. The breadth of missionary operations among the Germans has been almost continental; from New England, through the Middle and Western States and Territories, into Canada—where the first German Baptist Churches were organized under the labors of Prof. Rauschen- busch, in Waterloo Co., in 1851-’52,—and southward into Virginia, Alabama, Tennessee, and Texas. When we consider the bitter opposition encountered by many of these converts, in making a public confession of Christ and uniting with German Baptist Churches, we can but wonder that so much has been accomplished. God’s hand has been in the work; and as we have followed providential leadings hitherto, so must we follow on. To strengthen this branch of our missionary service is to add but a little later to the strength of American Churches, for as one of our German brethren says: “Our German Churches are like bridges for our people to pass naturally over into the English Churches. The passing over is going on continually, and for our present require¬ ments, a great deal too rapidly. Our loss becomes the gain of Amer¬ ican Churches.” OHAPTEll XXIV. [Missions Among the Scandinavians. “ Tne word of God grew and multiplied.”—Acts xii. 24. That portion of Europe comprising the kingdoms of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, and the island of Iceland, was formerly known as Scandinavia. From the three kingdoms named, the immigration to this country has been large in recent years. Among these people the truth has found lodgment and brought forth fruit abundanti}'. The Swedes. The first Swedish convert in this country whose influence is trace¬ able in the organization of a Swedish Baptist Church, was a sea cap¬ tain, who accepted Baj^tist views and was baptized by Bev. Ira K. Steward, pastor of the Seaman’s Bethel in New York City, in 1845. This brother, G. W. Schroeder, returning to his native land, where he found many ready to admit that only believers’ baptism is taught in the Bible, becomes instrumental in the conversion to these views of a minister, Bev. F. O. Nelson, of Guttenberg, who receives bap¬ tism in Germany. Banished from Sweden, on account of religious opinions, he comes, with a few other Baptists, to America. At Hous¬ ton, Minn., they organize a church in 1853, the second Swedish Bap¬ tist Church in this countiy. The first Swedish Baptist Church at Bock Island, Ill., organized August 13, 185‘2, has its origin in this wise: In 1851, among the Swedish immigrants, is a young man named Gustaf Palmquist, who makes his home at Bock Island, Ill. Though inclined to Bap¬ tist views, he has not united with a Baptist Church. Hearing of a great revival at Galesburg, where twenty-six Swedes, with many others put on Christ by baptism, he goes thither, early in the spring of 1852, receives baptism, is ordained soon after, and returning to Bock Island, organizes the first Swedish Baptist Church in America; the recognition services taking place May 5, 1853, when Bev. A. Wiberg, subsequently so successful in Sweden, preaches the sermon and gives the charge to the Church. The Board of the Home Mission Society appoint Mr. Palmquist, in Feb., 1853, as missionary to the Swedes in Bock Island and vicin¬ ity, where he continues nearly two years, afterwards preaching at several points in Illinois, Iowa, and New York, and in 1857 return- MISSIONS AMONG THE SCANDINAVIANS. 477 iiig to Sweden, wliere lie dies in the full triumph of the Christian faith. From these beginnings and by accessions from the persecuted Bap¬ tists of Sweden, as well as by frequent conversions, other churches arise, and other missionaries are a^^pointed by the Society. In 1856, eight Swedish Baptist Churches are reported: three in Illinois, two in Iowa, three in Minnesota; also six ministers and two hundred members. As the work grows, the demand for Swedish ministers with some theological training increases. Providence raises up a man for the work of instruction. In 1857, on the Atlantic Ocean, where Judson and Rice were led to the acceptance of the truth as we hold it, the Spirit of God so enlightens the understanding of a Swedish sailor, who has never seen or heard of a Baptist, that he unconsciously be¬ comes a Baptist. Reaching New York Cit}", pi'ovidential circum¬ stances lead him to the Seaman’s Baptist Bethel, where, in 1858, he is baptized by the pastor. Rev. Ira R. Steward. This young man, in 1866, goes as a missionary to Sweden in company with Mr. Wiberg and Mr. Broady. Returning to this country in 1870, he devotes himself with great success to mission work among the Scandi¬ navians, and, both on account of his piety and scholarship, in 1871 is selected as instructor of Scandinavian students for the min- istiy in the Scandinavian Department of the Baptist Theological Seminary at Chicago, and also to edit a Scandinavian newspaper, the “ Emngelisk Tidskrift.” Here as teacher, preacher, editor, for many years. Prof. J. A. Edgren has labored arduously and success¬ fully. About 78 Scandinavian students have pursued studies in the institution, most of whom have gone forth to do grand service in the mission fields of the West. Many of these are now under appointment of the Home Mission Society'. Revivals of great power have been enjoyed by many of the Swedish Churches. The fervent piet}’, the charming Christian simplicity of the Swedish Baptists, united with a high average of intelligence, have elicit¬ ed the admiration of those even who differ from them in belief, both in this country and in Europe. They become “Americanized rapidly, and are destined to bear an inq^ortant part in fashioning the social and re¬ ligious character of the West where they are most numerous. The Society sustains a missionary in New York City, in co-operation with the Baptist City Mission, Rev. O. Lindh; through whose labors a church of about sixty members has been brought within two years to more than two hundred. The most of the missionaries are in lUi- 478 HISTORICAL SKETCH. nois, Iowa, AVisconsin, Minnesota, Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas, and a few on the Nortli Pacific coast. The number of Swedish ]3aptist Churches is 104, ministers 41, and members 4,980. The Norwegians and Danes. The first Norwej^'ian, and the first Scandinavian, Baptist Church in this country, is organized at Indian Creek, Illinois, January, 1848. The circumstances leading to its organization possess pecu¬ liar interest. Hans Yalder, who was instrumental in its organization, in wTiting to the Board March, 1848, says: “ I was born and brought up in the Lutheran Church of Norway, and taught to believe that in my infant ba^^tism I was made an heir of heaven, regenerated or born au’ain; and thus and in such a wav mv time was wasted, until in 1841, when through merc^^ I was "converted to God and learned my duty from His AYord. I was baptized by Elder Harding, the 22d of January, 1842. I felt it m}" duty to hold meetings and exhoH my countiwmen to repentance. I requested Elder Harding to preach to the Norwegians, which he did, and baptized tw^o converts.’" T1 le Church license Bro. Yalder to lU’each, and in August, 1844, he is ordained. He encounters great opjiosition from the Luther¬ ans, who denounce him as a heretic and a “ re-baptizer. ” But the work goes on, and a Norwegian Baptist Church is organized as stated; Hans Yalder receiving what he asks for as a missionary,— fifty dollars a year from the Society, and thirteen dollars from his poor people,—and working during the week for the rest of his support. March 14, 1849, he writes to the Board: “You are aware that my field comprises the Indian Creek Norwegian Church in Kendall and Lasalle Counties. My people are nearly all, like myself, Norwegians, who have settled in these counties. Since I wrote you last the Lord has poured out His spirit upon these people, and manj’^ of them have been converted to God, who for many years were members of the Lutheran Church, inexperienced in a chanje of heart, and enemies ti God and His truth. Some of them have come out from the world to follow their Lord and Master Jesus Christ, and others intend immediately to do the same. God has blessed us abundantly, and we feel encouraged to continue our labors. Our little church has increased since the 1st of April from seven to nineteen, seven of the number by baptism and five by experience. We ask all to pray for the Norwegians in Illinois.” The Church j^robably becomes at length absorbed in the English Baptist Church. In recent years, the converted Norwegians and Danes commonly unite in one church organization. MISSIONS AMONG THE SCANDINAVIANS. 479 The first Daiiisli-Norwegiaii Cluircli in this country is organized Noveniber 10, 1856, in Kaymond, Eacine Co., AYisconsin, under the labors of Eev. Lewis Yorgenson; who, converted under the iweach- ing of a Baptist missionary in Deumark, becomes instrumental in organizing nine Baptist Churches, being sustained most of the time by the Home Mission Society. During the next five years, a few Danish Baptists from Europe settle in New Denmark, AYiscon- sin, and with them Rev. P. H. Dam, who, soon after his arrival in this country, is supported as missionary by the Home Mission So¬ ciety, his service beginning in 1868. Through his eltorts mission stations are planted, and churches afterwards formed in Manitowoc, Neenah, AYaushara, Oconomowoc, and Eacine, AA^isconsm. From these beginnings, growth has been steady, though not so rapid as among the Swedes. There has not been so large an immigration of Baptists from Denmark and Norway, as from Sweden. AYhat has been accomplished is chieliy the product of Christian labor on our own soil. The Danish-Norwegian Churches in 1882 number 30, with about about 22 ordained ministers, and about 2,000 members. Eighteen churches have meeting-houses of their own. A Danish-Norwe- gian paper, the “ Oliebladet,” has been indirectly aided by the Home Alission Society. It is published in Chicago, semi-monthly, and tracts and other small works are also printed. The whole number of Scandinavian Baptists in the United States is about 7,000. A Scandinavian Conference has been organized in the AA'est, and most earnest efforts are being put forth by those who have been brought into the marvelous light of the Gospel, to bring their fellow countrymen to the same joyful experience of Divine things. The labors of G. Palrnquist, J. A. Peterson, Olas Okerson, John Anderson, J. A. Edgren, John Ongman, O. Lindh, J. A. Johnson, C. P. Jensen, P. H. Dam, and others have been greatly blessed. From 1871, the number of missionaries under appoint¬ ment each year has been as follows: In 1871, 15; in 18/2, 14; in 1873, 6; in 1874, 9; in 1875, 12; in 1876, 10; in 1877, 10; in 1878 11; in 1879, 15; in 1880, 18; in 1881, 30; in 1882, 41. Revivals of wonderful power have prevailed during the last two years. Amer¬ ican Baptists have reason to thank God for the Gospel harvest that has been reaped among this interesting portion of our foreign pop¬ ulation. CHAPTER XXY. ^Missions Among the French. “ He hath sent me to preach deliverance to the captives and recovering of sight to the blind.”—Luke iv. 18, The seed of Baptist missions among the French in America was of God’s own planting. The present work cannot be properly un¬ derstood Avithout a glance at the beginnings of it. In 1884, ReA'. H. OliA'ier, pastor of a Christian church at Lausanne, Switzerland, comes to Canada to preach the Gospel to the Roman Catholics. Soon after his arrival, both himself and Avife receBe im¬ mersion on profession of their faith. Failing health compels his return in 183G. Before his de 2 :)arture, hoAvever, IMadame Feller, a member of his church in SAvitzerland, and Rev. IMr. Roussa", of the same locality, arrive to devote their lives to this Avork. October 10, 1835, I\L’. Roussy takes a school at Grand Ligne, but is soon dis- jdaced, on account of his evangelical labors, bA" the Catholic 2 )riest, A\dien he gives himself wholly to evangelical labor. In September, 183G, Madame Feller 02 :)ens a school in the house of one of Mr. Roussy’s converts,—a room in the garret, tAventy-four feet long, ten feet Avide and six feet high, serving for her living room and school¬ room. In 1838, through the interest taken by a Baj^tist j^astor in Montreal, a neAV house is begun and com^deted in 1840. Tavo noted conversions occur in 1840 and 1841; the first that of Rev. L. Xormandeau, for five j'ears jorofessor in the Seminary at Quebec; the second, that of Dr. Cote, a native Canadian, ajdiysician, highly educated, rescued from Deism, into Avdiich Poj^ery had driven him, and brought to the joyful accej^tance of the truth. His con¬ version occurs during his sojourn in Northern Yermont as a j^olitical refugee. These talented men add great strength to the enter 2 ^rise Rev. Mr. Cote receives ordination in 1844. The little band of believ¬ ers encounter threats, calumnies, and deeds of violence from infu¬ riated Catholic mobs. In 1837 a church of six members is organized; in 1841 sixty con¬ verts are re 2 )orted; in 184G they count about three hundred rescued from the errors of Romanism. At first the Swiss Missionary Society sustains the mission; in 1837 and 1838 the Canada Ba 2 )tist Missionary Society assists; after this MISSIONS AMONG THE FKENCH. 481 for seven ^^ears the mission goes on disconnected from denomination¬ al organizations, thongli receiving aid from many friends and espe¬ cially from the Foreign Evangelical Society. The latter organization formally proposes to take the mission under its direction, and failing in this, strives to have it under the care of an allied pedo-Baptist Canadian Society. What is the response ? A negative one, and that solely on the ground that the members of the mission have become Baptists and could not consistently place themselves under the direction of a pedo- Baptist Society. In 1845 they form an alliance Mutli the Canada Baptist Missionary Society, whose aid is not long continued, on account of financial em¬ barrassments. In 1848 the Executive Board of the Home Mission Society request Hr. Hill, Corresponding Secretary, to visit Canada. While there, he goes to Grand Ligne and returns with an excellent report concerning the mission. In November, 1849, the Board receive a communication from rep¬ resentatives of the mission, in which they say : “We are Baptists of your own faitli and order; we are such by the teach¬ ings of God’s Holy Word and Spirit; the churches of the Swiss Mission and the inquiring Catholics of Canada, look to us for the Gospel, a long dreary winter is at hand, and our supplies for it are not yet obtained; we are cut off from our former sources of aid because we are Baptists. What shall we do ? Can you do anything for us ? ” The Board, though oppressed with heavy liabilities, adopt the ministers as their missionaries and make appropriations for their suj^- port. This decision, it should be stated, was foreshadowed by the report of a Provisional Committee appointed the year before, W. R. "Williams, H.H.,- and Rev. S. S. Cutting being the sub-commit¬ tee who prepared the report. The closing sentences of their careful report are as follows: “In the work of missions, God has been especially kind to American Bap¬ tists, in the methods by which He has indicated their duty. His Providence cast the Burmese Mission upon them unsought, and how blessed has it been for them that they heard His voice ! The case of the Grande Ligne Mission has not been widely different. That mission is the fruit of missionary impulses awakened amid the vallevs of Switzerland, and is laid at our feet for nurture and support when already grown to maturity under the special blessing of God. Where our Heavenly Father so manifestb^ indicates His will, it is alike ungrateful and perilous to fail to recognize it. If we refuse our sympathy and aid, and French Canadians perish for our neglect, it need be no marvel if the 48*2 HISTOUICAL SKETCH. penalty of our sin come to ns in blighting and barrenness upon our labors at home, and upon other missionarj^ fields.” Little dreamed they then of the great iiitlux, within a generation, of this very element into Protestant New England, nor of the blight it would bring to some sections, nor yet of the blessings that should come from this mission to many 500 can be secured by special gifts. The financial crash of 1873 follows. Changes in the Secretaryships of the Society in 1874, and the death of Dr. Taylor the same year, derange somewhat the workings of the Society, and nothing is done concerning the proposition. Mr. Fran¬ cis, to the regret of many, thereupon tenders his resignation. Early in 1874 he writes that there are “ three native preachers, who preach to thousands in the streets in their native tongue every Sabbath. There is no mission of any denomination on this coast so prosperous as ours.” He reports 125 Chinese pupils in daily attend¬ ance, and Sabbath-schools in San Francisco and Oakland in which 275 Chinese are taught, chiefly in the Scriptures. Upon his relinquishment of the work, the Board in 1875 secure the services of Rev. E. Z. Simmons, returned missionary from Can- 488 HISTORICAL SKETCH. ton. The school returns to the First Baptist Church. The denom¬ ination is again appealed to for means to purchase the property. The times are unfavorable for the movement. Other denominations have their expensive propert}^ for Chinese mission work. In 187(> the Board state that during the year the}^— “ Have given a long and careful consideration to the best method of carry¬ ing on mission work among the Chinese, and are of the opinion that the plan of former years should be modified. They are also of the opinion that the respon¬ sibility of establishing and sustaining Chinese mission schools on the Pacific Coast should be left with the English speaking Churches, in the places where such schools are needed, as in Portland, Oregon; Oakland, and several other places in California. “Your Board, through the Corresponding Secretary [Dr. Bishop], have made this suggestion to the Churches in California, at the same time pledging the So¬ ciety to make as liberal appropriations as the condition of the treasury will allow.” Renewed communications from pastors on the coast, for the pur¬ chase of the property, are submitted to the Committee on Chinese Missions in 187G. The Committee, in referring to these, say in their report, through Dr. Ashmore : “Among the means of advancing this work, the establishment of a centra station at San Francisco, at an expense possibly of $40,000, has received consid¬ eration. The great good that may crystallize around such a centre is fully recognized, and the time may not be far distant when such a consummation would be feasible. The decision of this question involves a discussion of the comparative advantages of centralization and decentralization, upon which our brethren have not attained oneness of opinion, and it would not be well to hasten much in advance of that opinion. “ In connection with this, the present demands upon the treasury, and the urgency of the claims of other places, are so great that it would hardly seem judicious to assume at the i^resent time the responsibility of so expensive an undertaking.” The Committee close by recommending the policy announced by the Board. In California for two years ensuing, the Board co-oj^erate with the Metropolitan Baptist Church in mission work for the Chinese, and in Oregon with the First Baptist Church of Portland, where,, through the agency of Rev. E. Z. Simmons, Nov. 11, 1874, a mission was established, which has since, with short interruptions, received aid from the Society, and the results of which have been exceedingly satisfactory. The growing opposition of many Californians to the Chinese, in 1877, seriously interferes with the mission, and in 1878,. MISSIONS TO THE CHINESE IN AMERICA. 489 causes its suspension. In 1879, however, work is resumed in co-oper¬ ation with tlie First Baptist Church of Oakland. The committee, through Kev. B. S. McLafferty, report to the So¬ ciety" that there is no necessity for a superintending’ missionary, nor for expensive mission premises, and favors work in connection with Churches. In 1880, the memorable year of the culmination of the anti-Chinese agitation on the coast, in which certain of the denomination bear an unenviable part, the Society seeks to strengthen the hands of true men by the unanimous adoption of the following resolution presented by Eev. A. K. Potter, of Mass.: “ Besolved, That the members of the American Baptist Home Mission So¬ ciety hereby express their appreciation of the eiforts of those brethren on the Pacific coast who are trying to save the Baptist name from dishonor and make it worthy of the respect and confidence of the great Baptist denomination.” The two Chinese stations in 1882 are Portland, Oregon, and Oak¬ land, California. The Home Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention, for many 3 ^ears, has done an excellent work, at considerable expense, among the Chinese of San Francisco and vicinity, Rev. J. B. Hartwell being the efficient superintendent. Fort}^ Chinese converts have been received into the Portland church, the whole number at all stations being estimated at about one hun¬ dred. Many other Chinese have been deeply wrought upon by the Gospel. With surprisingly few exceptions, the converts have proved faithful, liberal, devoted believers, thus furnishing a shining illus¬ tration of the transforming power of the Gospel of Christ, and this, too, in the face of public sentiment openly and offensively antagonist¬ ic to their presence. The restrictive legislation by Congress, in 1881-82, against Chinese immigration, is Well known. The Society, at its Jubilee meeting in 1882, passes resolutions deprecatory of this action, as “contrary to the fundamental principles of our free government, and opposed to the spirit of the Christian religion,” and declaring that “ the presence of the paltry number of one hundred thousand Mongolians on this con¬ tinent,” is not a peril so grave as pictured by politicians who would make it “ the important pivot on which ma^^ turn a Presidential elec¬ tion.” The adoption of the resolution is attended with a veiy animated discussion. The position of the Board is fairly expressed in the language of the Annual Report: 31 HISTOI^ICAL SKETCH. 40 f) “ For the time being, though principle is sacrificed to the unhallowed spirit of party supremacy, and the people whom Providence "was bringing to the light are relegated by the legislation of a nominally Christian nation to darkness and isolation from Christian civilization, yet, confident that reason and righteousness, not to say self-interest, "will reverse this legislation in the near future, we deem it duty to sustain our Chinese missions for the sake of the heathen here, and that the sacred flame be kept alive for others in the days to come. CHAPTER XXVIL Missions in Mexico and to the Spanish-speaking Populations of the South-west. “The people which sat in darkness saw great light, and to them which sat in the region and shadow of death, light is sj)rung up.”—Matt. iv. 16. As early as 1836 the Executive Committee direct attention to Texas and Mexico, as coming fields of missionary effort, in these words: “ On the South are Texas and the Republic of Mexico, now both, perha] 3 s_ certainly the latter—inaccessible to the Christian missionary; but their portals, will, undoubtedly, be thrown wide open as soon as we shall be in circumstances to enter them. It is a delightful anticipation that the banner of the true cross may yet be planted in the city of Montezuma, and the blessings of the Gospel be dilfused through this land, which has experienced nothing from her mis¬ named Christianity but treachery and cruelty and horrid barbarity.” In 1840, Corresponding Secretary Hill writes at length about Mex¬ ico and Texas, and of the Roman priesthood, who, by force of arms, have changed the forms of the religion of the Mexicans, while still retaining the spirit of heathenism; of the avarice and debauchery which have dried ujd the zeal of the priests and destroyed the con¬ fidence of the people; and of the military despotism, supported by the wealth of the priests, by which the people are held in cruel sub¬ jection and ignorance. The glimmer of hope appears however, “ in the establishment of the Republic of Texas within the ancient do¬ main of Mexico, and in the immigration of Americans and Englishmen into Mexico, and the intercourse which is destined to be kejDt up be¬ tween the Mexicans and the Anglo-Saxon race.” Attention is directed to the fact that “ Texas borders upon Mexico a distance of about 1,500 miles, and that some of the most intelligent and influential Mexicans reside within her borders;” and Christians are exhorted to be ready for the forward movement when the hour comes. A contribution for the Texan mission comes from a Sabbath-school class in Albany, Oct., 1840, accompanied b}^ the following note to the Treasurer: “ SiE We, the undersigned, members of Mr. Wilder’s class in the Sunday- school of the Pearl Street Baptist Church, request the acceptance of the enclosed amount, $8, in aid of the Texan Mission, “Theodoee Feiend Humpheey, Cyeus Gaensey, “James H. Humpheey, Chaeles L. Noble.” To the American Baptist Home Mission Society belongs the honor 402 HISTORICAL SKETCH. of sending- out the first Protestant missionary to New ^Mexico, Rev. H. W. Read, in 1849. For several 3 'ears, assistants speaking the Spanish language are also employed to labor among the old ^Mexican population. Though the work moves slowly, yet quite a number of ^Mexican Catholics renounce their old faith and become steadfast Protestants. This work is jirosecuted by ]\Ir. Read and others for several years, then for a time is suspended. The years go by. From the withdrawal of the Southern Baptisst from the general Society in 1845 until after the war, nothing further is said or done relative to the evangelization of Mexico. The first ut¬ terance again is in 1869, when the Board report that— “ God in His Providence has opened to us a vray into the very heart of this papal land. . . The Catholic Church party and the Liberal party have been struggling for the mastery in Mexico for many years. At length the Church party has had to yield. A constitution granting liberty of worship has been adopted and now prevails. As a result we hear with joy that thrills us that six small congregations, holding essentially the princi 2 :>les of Baptists, have already organized themselves and are worshiijing our Lord Jesus Christ in the way that Rome calls heresy. This seems to be a movement similar to that which occurred years ago in Germany under Oncken, and later in Sweden, under AViberg. It is a movement that imist he fostered. We deem it imjDerative to send two or more men to that field at the earliest moment possible.” We may see how wonderfully God times events, by refemng to facts above alluded to in the history of Mexico, and the beginning of evangelical work therein. From 1857, when the constitutional government was adopted, most desperate had been the attempts of the Catholic clerical party to re¬ tain and control in their interests the government of Mexico. Find¬ ing their fortunes waning, they intrigue in Europe for aid in establish¬ ing a monarchy. The scheme succeeds, and Maximilian having been proclaimed Emi^eror of Mexico, and received the blessing of the Po^ie, accom^ianied by his devoted wife Carlotta, set sail from Europe. The Pope, in a letter to the new Emperor, in Oct., 1864, exj^resses his hope for Mexico, and mentions his “joy which was increased when he saw called to the throne a prince of a Catholic family, and who had given so many jiroofs of religious zeal andjfiety.” The Pope is confident he will “ recb-ess the wrongs done to the Church,” among which is recited the fact that the “ news^iapers are permitted to insult the pastors with impunity and to assail the doctrines of the Catholic Church ; ” and “ earnestly conjures ” the Emperor “ in the name of Almighty God, who has chosen you to rule over so Catholic a nation with the sole jour- pose of healing her ills and the honor of His holy religion,” to MISSIONS IN MEXICO. 493 “ repair the evils occasioned by the revolution, and to bring' back as soon as possible happy days for the Church, . . to the exclusion of every other dissenting worshiji; . . that no person may obtain the facult}^ of teaching and publishing false and subversive tenets; that instruction, whether public or private, should be watched over by the ecclesiastical authority, and that, in short, the chains may be broken, which, uj:) to the present time, have held the Chnrch in a state of de¬ pendence and subject to the arbitrary rule of the civil government.” After giving many other directions and exhortations, Pius IX. thus concludes his epistle: ‘‘ Confidently hoping to see fully consummated the most ardent desires of our heart, we send to your majesty and to your august sj^ouse, our apostolic benediction.” These things indicate the expectations of the clerical party in Mex¬ ico as well as Catholics in Europe. Maximilian, however, upon ascertaining the strength of the liberal element in Mexico, does not become a pliant tool in the hands of the clericals, by allowing their extreme demands. The story of the disasters, culminating in the overthrow of the Maximilian Empire and the execution of the Em¬ peror, June 19, 1867, is well known. Thenceforth, Mexico is destined to be free from the domination of the papal hierarchy, whose power was crippled years before by the confiscation ofalarg’e portion of its immense possessions. Mexico is open to the truth. Whence comes the first messengers of the Gospel ? God has been making ready his messengers. In the sj^ring of 1862, John W. Butler, an Englishman, comes from Texas to Monterey. His deep piety profoundly impresses many, among others, Mr. Thomas M. Westrup, a young man of Eng¬ lish birth, engaged in mercantile pursuits in that city, who up to this time had been indifferent about religious matters, but who is led to faith in Christ. In Matamoras, about the same time, there dwells a Baptist minister, Bev. James Hickey, who, on account of his aversion to slavery and the civil strife begun in 1861, had come hither from Texas. This man, born in 1800, in the west of Ireland, had j^assed through the successive stages of the Boman Catholic, Episcopal, and Independent beliefs, only to find satisfaction at last in the adoption of Baptist principles. At the solicitation of Mr. Butler and Mr. Westrup, he visits Monterey in November, 1862. The result of this visit is thus described by Mr. Westruj^, to whom we are indebted for these facts: “ I was charmed with Bro. Hickey’s teachings and books, though 494 HISTORICAL SKETCH. bred an Episcopalian, and really ignorant of theological and denom¬ inational questions. I joined him and gave him such assistance as I could. Other foreigners, including 1113 ' father, were willing to assist, but desired to keep the work undenominational. This the}' could not do. The real Avorker was a Baptist and the consequences were unavoidable. We were soon left severel}' alone. Two Mexicans and I were baptized, Januaiy 80,1804, and the same day the First Baptist Church was organized with five members. The writer was then chosen pastor, and Bro. Hicke 30 aid hands on me in prayer.” Thus God gave to the Baptists the honor of doing the first effect¬ ive evangelical Avork in Mexico, so far as can be ascertained, tAvo or three years before the representative of aii}' other denomination en¬ tered the field. Bv the end of 1864 the church numbers tAvent}' members. Find¬ ing Catholic landlords miAvilling to rent their buildings for Protestant Avorship, the church meet usualh' at the house of Mr. HickeA' or of Mr. Westrup, the services being conducted throughout in Spanish. Mr. HickeA', being a^opointed agent of the American Bible Society in Mexico, relinquishes the care of the church to Mr. Westrup. The death of Mr. HickeA', a most devoted man, occurs December, 1806. After his death, the Bible Societ}' appoint Mr. Westrup as their agent. The peace and prosperit}' of the 3 'oung interest are seriousl}' dis¬ turbed in 1800 b}' the arrival of pedo-Baptist missionaries, under the ausjiices of the “ American and Foreign Christian Union,” Avho stren¬ uously endeaA'Or to secure for themselves the results of the Avork per¬ formed during the preceding 3 'ears. The}' make an impression on a feAV of these new converts, Avhile others remain firm, all positively re¬ jecting infant baptism. They lodge complaints against IMr. Westrup, Avith the Bible Society, Avho admonish him that as their agent he must refrain from publicly influencing people to become Baptists On account of this and his frequent absences from Monterey, the op- })osition liaA'e manifest advantages which they are not sIoav to follow up, among other things engaging some of the converts as colporteurs on condition that they Avould practice open communion. Information circuitously reaches the Home ^Mission Booms March 2,1809, concerning this evangelical movement in Mexico. Dr. Back¬ us at once addresses a letter of inquiry to Mr. Westrup. In August he informs the Secretary that he has resigned his agency for the Bible Society, to give himself AA'holly to the Avork of preaching the truth as he understands it, and refeiTing to the fact that “ attention MISSIONS IN MEXICO. 495 had been called in the North to the fact that I am preaching the Gos¬ pel, and in a sectarian sense, as they call it. I only know that I state my convictions which I am willing to rectify when convinced they are erroneous.” Oct. 21,1869, the Board invite Mr. Westrup to New York for an interview. He accepts, and early in 1870 the Board appoint him as their missionary to Mexico ; and to set the seal of approval most strongly upon him and his work, a large ecclesiastical coun¬ cil, after thorough examination, ordain him. At the earnest request of the Missionary Union, the Board consent to his going with Rev. Halsey W. Knajip, on a special mission of a few weeks to Spain where missionary operations are in progress. Returning, in the summer, to Mexico, he finds that during his long absence the plans of the pedo-Baptists have measurably succeeded in Monterey, a majority of the members having united with the Pres¬ byterian Church. In July, 1870, he re-organizes the Monterey Church with eleven members. Three other churches, at Santa Rosa, at Montemorelos, and at Ebanos, “ remained Baptist notwithstanding the utmost efforts of the other party.” It should be said that before Mr. Westrup left Mexico, in 1869, tliere were six congregations with about 120 immersed believers. The location 'and date of organiza¬ tion of the churches is thus given in 1870: Monterey, Jan. 24, 1864; Caderita, Aug. 26, 1867; Ebanos, Jan. 7, 1868; Montemorelos, Sept., 1869; Durango, Feb., 1869; Santa Rosa, Nov., 1869; Jerez, July, 1869. In 1870 the Board, with designated funds, procure and send to Mexico, at Mr. Westruji’s earnest request, a printing press costing about $500, for the publication of denominational and other religious literature. In 1871 the revolt in several States, against the Juarez government, seriously interferes with missionary operations. This is especially true in the State of New Leon, of which Monterey is cap¬ ital, and where the principal work had been done. Here General Trevino successfully heads the insurrection against the general govern¬ ment, and by the close of the year the whole of Northern Mexico, as well as some other portions of the country are_in revolt. Confusion prevails everywhere. In June, 1871, replying to inquiries of the Government, Mr. West¬ rup gives the names of the Baptist Churches, names of pastors, and number of members, as follows: “Monterey, 19 adult members, Pastor, F. Trevino; Caderita, 32, Pastor, S. Diaz; Santa Eosa, 26, Pastor, J. M. Uranga; Los Ebanos, 18, Pastor, S. Diaz; 490 HISTORICAL SKETCH. ]\Iontemorelos, 15, Pastor, T. M. Westrnp. Altogether, they have 110 adult members. There are four ordained ministers. Each church is an independent society, without hierarchy or seat of government in common. Those of Santa Ilosa and Ebanos have a small building intended for meetings, but as yet un¬ finished.” Another chiu’ch is organized later at Potreros. The Board in 1872 sa}'that some think the headquarters of the mission should he at Alexico City, but the civil war prevents. They announce three things as greatly needed: “(1) More missionaries, and funds to sustain them; (2) More comfortable Baptist meeting-houses; and (8) A Baptist school for training native preachers and teachers.” Three missionaries are reported in 1873, and several additions to the churches. The heavy debt compels the Board in 1874 to re¬ trench in Mexico as elsewhere, so that only Mr. Mestrup continues as missionary of the Society, though assistants do religious work as their secular labors permit. But, it is said: ‘AVe need a score of men for Mexico, and thousands of dollars where we have hun¬ dreds.” In 187G it is said that: “ The nature of the population and the instability of the Government have greatly hindered our work. All that Bro. AVestrup has been able to do is simply to hold on to that Avhich had been establishet^’ The Board feel somewhat in doubt as to their duty to the Mexican Mission. At the end of the year aid is discontinued. / The churclres, however, maintain worship, and continue their gen¬ eral organization as a Society for mutual help. In April, 1880, after quite four years’ existence, without assistance from their American brethren, the Board of Baptist Missions in the Bepublic of IMexico appeal to the Home Mission Society for aid, stating that they will pay $400 annually toward the supjioid of a missionary, and adding,— We have in this State (New Leon), four churches already established, and three congregations with members baptized. In the State of Coahuila, there is one church and five congregations, and there are many villages which are anxious to hear and know our tenets.” The Board of the Home Mission Society carefully re-investigate the condition of things in Mexico, and in Tlay, 1881, resume missionary operations by the ajipointment of Mr. Westrup at Monterey, and sub¬ sequently by the appointment of other laborers. In the faU of 1882, it is decided to open a mission school in Monterey under the charge of i\Ir. AVestrup. At the same time, the printing press that had been in the custody of the Mexican Society is restored to the control and service of the Home Mission Society, and aiTangements made for the MISSIONS IN MEXICO. 497 publication of tracts and of a monthly paper in Spanish. The first American missionary a 2 :)pointed by the Board to Mexico, Rev. W. T. Green, proceeds to the field the latter part of the year. Mexico has an area of about 744,000 square miles, nearly equal to that portion of the United States lying east of the Mississippi River. Her rich mines of silver and gold have been worked for three hun¬ dred and sixty years. American enterprise is threading the land with lines of railroad, and infusing new ideas into the Republic. Commercial, social, and religious inter-communication links this Re¬ public to our own, making it naturally a part of our great Home Mission field. The Mexican census of 1879 gives the population of the Republic as 9,686,777, of whom fully 5,000,000 are pure Indians, many of whom are men of culture and refinement. The population of Eu¬ ropean descent numbers about 500,000. Beside these, there is a mix¬ ture of bloods. Large numbers of Americans are entering the country, among them many Christian men. The time is ripe for an advance movement for the truth. Catholicism has long cursed the country. Thousands have been driven by it into infidelity. Other thousands are waiting for a better religious faith. The pure Gospel must be given the people who so long have dwelt in superstition and darkness. CHAPTER XXVm. Missions Among the Indians. I am debtor both to the Greeks and the barbarians: both to the wise, and the unwise.”—Rom i. 14. The first organized efforts of Bajitists for the evangelization of the pagan Indians of North America, appear to have been put forth in the early part of the present century, in connection with other mis¬ sionary work undertaken by societies formed at this period. A'glance at what was done previous to 1865 when the Home Mission Society took in charge this branch of its missionary work, will enable us to understand better what has sometimes been called the “ Indian problem.” In 1809, the Massachusetts Missionary Society (organized 1802), report that they have been engaged tor two years in connection with the “New York Baptist Missionaiy Society” (organized 1807), in the support of a mission among the Tuscarora Indians and other tribes connected with them in the northwestern part of the State of New Y’ork. They also report a church at length organized among them, and its members, “ well instructed in the doctrines and ordinances of the Grospel.” In 1819 the “ Hamilton Baptist Missionary Society” appoint an able committee to visit the Oneida and Stockbridge In¬ dians. The leading men of the Oneidas call a grand council of the Indian tribes in the State “to encourage our Indian brethren to adopt the doctrines of Christianity.” This results in the appointment of a missionar}' to the Oneidas and the opening of a school for the Indian children, whose proficiency in learning is “truly fiattering.” Upon solicitation, the AVar Depart¬ ment of the Groverment grants $850 annually for the support of the school. Subsequently, mission school work is carried on among these, and other Indians on the Tonawanda reservation. The Board of the Baptist General Convention (organized 1814), aj:)- point Rev. Isaac jMcCoy, in 1817, itinerant missionaiy in Indiana and Illinois, and in 1818 assign him to special work among the Indians of that region, including the Miamies, Kickapoos, Putawotamies, and Shawanoes in Indiana, and the Ottawasin Michigan. At Fort Wayne, his headquarters, a church is organized in 1821. He labors with remarkable devotion for the civilization and Christianization of the MISSIONS AMONG THE INDIANS. 499 Indians, until 1842, when the American Indian Association, organized this year, make him their Corresponding Secretary and general agent. Few missionaries have done more for the Indians of the United States than Isaac McCoy. In 1818 the Board of the Convention send Kev. Humphrey Posey as missionary to the Cherokees in North Carolina, and later. Rev. Evan Jones and Thomas Roberts to the same field. The extent of the work done by the General Convention and its successor, the Missionary Union, appears from the following summa¬ ry: Among the Miamies, Kickapoos, Putawotamies, and Shawanoes, in Indiana, and afterward in the farther West, from 1817 to 1844, when the mission is suspended; among the Cherokees in North Car¬ olina from 1818 to their removal into the Indian Territory in 1838, and there until 1862, when on account of the civil war operations are suspended ; among the Creeks from 1823 until after their removal to the Indian Territory in 1839; among the Oneidas and Tuscaroras and Tonawandas of New York, in co-operation with the New York Baptist Convention, from 1824 to 1850; among the Ottawas of Michigan from 1822 to 1854, when the work is broken up by the removal of many of the tribe beyond the Mississippi ; among the Choctaws in the Southwest from 1826 until 1844, after their removal to the Indian Territory ; among the Ojibwas or Chippewas at Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, from 1828 to 1857, government aid having been withdrawn in 1856 ; among the Otoes and Omahas beyond the Mississij^pi from 1833 to 1843 ; among the Delawares and Stockbridges beyond the Mississippi from 1833 to 1864. In the foregoing statements there is in some cases an overlapping of dates where two or more tribes dwell in proximity to each other ; the work in one being interrupted or suspended for a time wdiile continued in the other. We find but two mission stations of the Missionary Union in active operation at the outbreak of the civil war. In some cases the removal of the smaller tribes and their mingling with others in their new home, scatter the better elements that had been gathered, so that resumption of the work is very difficult and discouraging. In other cases the death of a missionary and the lack of a suitable man, at the right time, for a given field, explains the suspension. In other cases the withdrawal of government aid in support of mission schools leads to discontin¬ uance of labors in behalf of the Indians. Prominent in the work thus performed by the General Conven¬ tion and the Missionary Union, we note the educational and indus¬ trial features. Schools, generally in the English language, are at 500 HISTORICAL SKKTCH. once established by the missionaries. The United States "overn- o ment encourage the education of the Indians by co-operating with the Convention and the Union, as with other religious Societies, in appropriating funds for the support of teachers, sometimes appoint¬ ed bv the Union, at other times by the Government, the Union be- ing merely an advisory l)ody. Among the Chei’okees, a native Indian, Secpioyah, invents an al¬ phabet about 18’21, in which literature is printed and instruction imparted. Under the labors of Itev. Evan pjones, the devoted friend of the Cherokees, a printing press, with English and Cherokee G’pe, is procured in 1818, and “ The Cherokee ^Messenger ” appears in 1844, as a monthly paper with an issue of lOOO copies. Portions of the Bible and of Pilgrim’s Progress, also hymns are translated ; also a ‘‘book for mothers and at length, in 184G, the translation of the entire New Testament. A book, also hymns and tracts, are printed in the In.nguage of the Putawotamies, about 1875. An alphabet hav¬ ing been invented, about 1838, for the Ojibwas, Shawanoes, and Del¬ awares, in 1884 “ The Shfiwanoe Sun,” a small periodical, begins to shed its light. Under the management of missionary Meeker, nine books in four languages, are printed in 1884 ; and in 1885, (>,650 cop¬ ies of works in several languages, beside the English, viz: Shawanoe, Creek, Choctaw, Otoe, Putawotamie.Wea, and loway. The publication of the “ Sun ” is continued; and in 1837, the Harmony of the Gospels, reading books, portions of the Scripture, and a number of hymns are printed. We thus a get a glimpse at the progress made in the edu¬ cation of these Indian tribes or nations. At every missionary station, according to the number of the Indian population, one or more schools are maintained. In addition to this, higher education is given to some of the most promising of the Indian j^outh, by placing them in the established schools of the denomination. Thus in 182G we find at Hamilton, N. Ah, seven Indian pupils from missionary McCoy’s field ; also at Castleton, A"t., two others, from the same field, engaged in the study of medicine. In 182G, in Scott Co., Kentucky, we find an academy for the education of the Indians, jirincipally for the Choctaws. Under the charge of Rev. Thomas Henderson it continues in a prosperous condition for several years ; reporting an attendance of 1)8 in 1828, when 2G conversions among the pupils are also reported. At Shurt- leff college and other institutions in later years, Indian students are received. The War Department co-operates with the principal religious or- MISSIONS AMONG THE INDIANS. 501 ganizations for many years in maintaining schools. Some idea of the extent to which this is done may be seen from the government report for 1827, which shows that the United Brethren have 2 schools with 12 teachers and 29 pupils ; the American Board o+‘ Commission¬ ers for Foreign Missions 20 schools, 160 teachers and 570 pupils ; the Baptist General Convention and Hamilton Missionary Society, 7 schools, 57 teachers and 268 pupils ; the Methodist Society 2 schools, 8 teachers and 92 pupils ; the Presbyterians 5 schools, 33 teachers and 101 pupils; the Society of the Jesuits 1 school, 9 teach¬ ers and 25 pupils; and the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts 1 school, 1 teacher and 60 pupils. It is stated that “ under the head of number of teachers, is included all the mission family, including mechanics and laborers. The number of teachers in the schools is from one to three.” About $250 per annum is paid by the government for a teacher’s salary. The industrial education of the Indians receives great attention. Isaac McCoy in 1824 writes about a loom on which they have manu¬ factured 300 yards of cloth, and of agricultural products amounting to more than 2,000 bushels raised on the mission premises. Black- smithing, carpentry and agriculture are taught the male Indians, and spinning, weaving, knitting’ and the essential branches of house¬ wifery, the females. Dr. Staughton, Corresponding Secretary of the Baptist General Convention, as early as 1821, wilting about operations among the Cherokees, says : “ You will be gratified to hear that we have lately sent four wagon loads of missionaries to theValley Towns.” Among them we find one minister, four teachers, one blacksmith and farmer, one farmer and weaver, one with some knowledge of medi¬ cine ; three families, with several single persons—in all twenty-five persons—nine adults and sixteen minors. In Dr. Staughton s letter of instructions to these missionaries he says : “ It is our intention to endeavor to instruct the Cherokees in the useful arts with which you are acquainted ; cherish then habits of industry. Isaac McCoy writes a valuable pamphlet, in 1827, on “The Practicability of Indian Reform, embracing their Colonization.” In this very able document he earnestly advocates the plan of giving to Indians lands in several¬ ty, saying,— “Experience has taught us that a fruitful source of obstacles to Indian re¬ form exists in the community of right in property, which prevails to too great an extent among the Indians. In the colony, a section of land of piopei di¬ mensions would be marked off to each individual, as his own, undei ceitain regulations securing his right against the intrusions to which his impeltect 502 HISTORICAL SKETCH. judgment ^vould expose him. This circumstance could not fail to teach him to identify property and individual claims, in all cases where the happiness of so¬ ciety requires it. A man could saj', this land is my own, and would readily in¬ fer his supreme right to all its ])roceeds. “ The right of husband and wife being blended in their land, they could ra¬ tionally be led to make a common interest in all property, as well as in labor, joy and sorrow, while incentives to industry and economy would present them¬ selves to them and to their rising posterity from a thousand sources.” In 1827 it is said,— “ The Cherokees are, as a nation, civilized. They cultivate their farms ; they have horses, sheep, goats and swine ; they raise corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, oats, indigo, sweet and Irish potatoes ; they carry on a considerable trade with the adjoining States ; there are public roads and houses of entertainment kept by the natives ; cotton and woolen cloths are manufactured; nearly all the merchants are native Cherokees ; a regular government is established, with two legislative houses, courts of justice, Ac., the officers of which are natives; a writ¬ ten language, invented by a native, is in use among them ; they have a printing office, and have just issued a newspaper. Schools are increasing every year. There are several Christian churches in the nation. In fact, the Cherokees have the aspect and the elements, at least, of a regular, civilized nation.” Who can tell what attainments in civilization these Cherokees would have made had it not been for their forcible removal to the Indian Territory, determined upon by the government in 1832, and put in execution in 1838, and when everything was thrown into dire confusion ? The religious results of missionary labor among the Indians, prior to the civil war, are in many instances very gratifying. Among the Putowatomies Mr. McCoy reports several conversions by 1825 ; also among the Ottawas about 1830 ; among the Ojibwas or Chijipewas of IMichigan, Mr. Bingham gathers a goodly number of converts from paganism ; in 1841, 40 of the Delaware and Stock- bridge Indians are reported as members of the church ; the number of Ottawas baptized from 1837 to 184(), is reported at Gl, also several among the Shawanoes, including the principal war chief, Blackfeather ; in 1836 there are 18 native church members among the Indians on the Tonawanda reservation in Kew York ; in 1841, 57 Choctaws are baptized and added to the four churches in the na¬ tion ; while among the Cherokees, where missionary labors have been greatly blessed, we find before their removal in 1838 about 300 Christians, with native preachers and exliorters. During the sad journey to the Territory, religious services are regularly held, ami 170 baptisms reported. In 1841, the members of Baptist churches are reported at GOO, and in 1858 at about 1,500. The number of mis- MISSIONS AMONG THE INDIANS. 50S sionaries sent out by tlie Convention and the Missionary Union up to 1861, is reckoned at 60, and the whole number of Indian converts baptized, about 2,000. The civil war of 1861-1865 interrupts missionary operations in the Indian Territory. Up to this time, as we have stated, the princi¬ pal missionary Avork of Baptists has been done through the Gen¬ eral Convention and the Missionary Union ; although the Southern Baptist Convention, 23articularly among the Creeks, for many years has maintained a very prosperous Indian mission. When, therefore, the American Bay)tist Home Mission Society, in 1865, assumes the work of the Union among the Indians of North America, it comes into an inheritance not only of past labors, but of trouble arising from the ravages of the war in the Indian Territory. The living missions of the Union in 1861, and so in 1865,. as we have seen, are but two, viz: those among the Cherokees, and among the Shawanoes and Delawares in the Indian Territory. For years previous to this transfer of Indian missions from the Missionary Union to the Home Mission Society, the latter natu¬ rally had devoted some attention to the Indians in connection with missionary effort along the frontier. Thus, in 1852, the Pueblos, or Village Indians of New Mexico, apply to missionaries of the Society in that Territory for religious teachers, and the Society directs at¬ tention to them and to the Navajoes, with several marked conversions as a result. The same year, quite a sensation is made by the arrival at St. Paul, Minnesota, of Esh-que-go-ne-bi, or James Tanner, a pro¬ fessed Christian Indian of another denomination, Avho Avith his Avife and child, leaves his home in Pembina, traveling about 700 miles in mid-Avinter to receive baptism and recognition as a minister of the Baptist denomination. The St. Paul church, of Avhich he becomes a member, caUs a council in Ncav York city, Alay 11th, 1853, to consid¬ er the question of his ordination, and the council decides to hold the ordination services in connection with the meetings of the Home Mission Society at Tro}", on Sunday evening. May 15th, 1853. Ex¬ pectations concerning him, however, are not realized, and in the course of a year he ceases to labor as a missionary of the Society. The first Committee on Indian Missions appointed by the Society in 1854, after referring to the manner in Avhich the Board has 23 rov- identially been drawn into this Avork, say : “We think it should now be regarded as a settled princqfie that the Avork of Indian Missions is a prominent ^^art of the great Home Mission enterprise.” By the adoption of the report, the Society stands committed to its jirosecu- 504 HISTORICAL SKETCH. tion as circuinstanees may indicate. Not much, however, is immedi¬ ately done, for two reasons ; first, because the ]\Iissionarv Union cul- tivates the accessible field in the Indian Territory ; and second, be¬ cause other doors of entrance to the Indian field do not open. The intense opposition of Catholic priests in New Mexico makes work among the Pueblos difficult. The war comes on and interferes with operations. After the war, in July, 1805, the Executive Committee of the Amer¬ ican Baptist Missionary Union, deem it for the interests of the In¬ dian missions that they be transferred to the Board of the Home ^Mission Society. The latter body accepts the charge. The transfer takes place at ah imj^ortant time, just as the government is prepar¬ ing to 2 :)erfect new treaties with the Indian nations. The Board in July appoint Dr. E. E. L. Taylor, “ Associate Corresponding Secreta¬ ry for the Indian Department,” with instructions to visit Washington “ to secure for us such benefits as might arise from a favorable con¬ struction of the treaties.” Of this visit it is said : “ His efforts have met with unexpected success. We propose to carry forward this de¬ partment of our work. We expect to secure, to a large extent, in¬ demnity for the moneys i^reviously expended by our denomination among the Indians.” Dr. Taylor serves as special Secretary until Dec., 1866. In the fall of the year he visits the Indian Territory. From his correspond¬ ence we make the following extracts concerning the condition of the mission before and after the war : “A more successful Protestant mission can liardly be named on the face of the globe than is found in our own Baptist mission among the Cherokee tribe of Indians. “ The Board at Boston, prior to the war, and before it was transferred by them to the Home Mission Board, had not a single mission, Asiatic, European or African, which, for the expenditure of men and means, returned in conver¬ sions more gracious, or soul-satisfying results, than the Cherokee mission. There were literally thousands who had been converted, and given the best evi¬ dences possible, in life and in death, of the genuineness of their faith in Jesus Christ. No more efficient or devoted preachers have been raised up on any for¬ eign mission held than have been and are to-day to be found among the Cher¬ okee Indians. “ As a nation they have suffered terribly by the devastations of both the north¬ ern and southern armies during the late conflict. They were the Virginia of the South-west, over which now one army and now the other marched, each leaving little undestroyed, which was found in the hands of their enemy. Asa people, however, the Cherokees were true and loyal to our government to the end, and sent into the field a larger number of Union soldiers, in proportion to their MISSIONS AMONG THE INDIANS. 505 population, than either New York or Massachusetts. Not a little of this noble, self-sacrificing patriotism is to be ascribed to the Christian precepts and exam¬ ples of the Jones’s and the Baptist ministry whom they raised up and taught, I could easily establish this statement. “ They have gained their social and intellectual status chiefly through the influence of Christian missions. Less than fifty years ago they were wild bar¬ barians. Behold, what hath God wrought!” During liis sojourn in the Territory the Cherokee Legislature grant 160 acres of land for new mission premises. He selects a site near Ft. Gibson. The money voted by Congress in 1866, as com¬ pensation for losses at the mission, does not reach the Society’s treas¬ ury until 1868, hence the mission building is not at once erected. Dr. Backus, visiting the Territory in the fall of 1868, decides to lo¬ cate the mission premises at Tahlequah, the capital of the Cherokee nation, and the brick mission house is soon afterwards erected. A printing press, with type, paper, &c., is also sent to the Chero- okee mission in place of the one destroyed during the war ; but in 1869 it is announced that the Board has deemed it best to sell the press to the Cherokee nation. The first missionary is appointed in 1865 ; and the number is gradually increased, reaching 13, in 1877. These labor among the Cherokees, Creeks, Seminoles, Delawares, Shawanoes, Kickapoos, Sac and Fox, and the smaller tribes in the north-eastern part of the Territory. The Committee on Indian Missions in 1876 recommend the imme¬ diate establishment of at least one school for the Indians similar to the schools conducted by the Society for the freedmen. Want of means prevents the immediate execution of the plan. But in 1879, under encouragement of the Board, steps are taken by brethren, white and red, in the Territory, for the establishment of such an Institution, and the use of a portion of the mission build¬ ing at Tahlequah is granted for the purpose. The school opens in the fall of 1869 with Prof. A. C. Bacone at the head. Under his suc¬ cessful management it continues until the present, having several students preparing for the ministry. The attendance in 1882 is re¬ ported at 68. A charter has been obtained and a Board of Trustees appointed for “ The Indian University.” A new site has been select¬ ed near Muskogee, and the Society is but waiting for the requisite means to erect a suitable building thereon, the jDresent accommo- pations being too contracted for satisfactory work. 32 50G HISTORICAL SKETCH. Rev. Daniel Rogers has been general missionary for six years. Sev¬ eral churches have been organized within this period and two or three chapels built, mainly through the benevolence of a Christian lady. Frequent revivals have occurred in the churches, most of which are served by Indian preachers. The present number of members in the Baptist churches of the Cherokee nation is about 1,600. This is a large increase since the war. The whole number of Baptist church¬ es in the Indian Territoiy is nearly 100 ; and of church members, 6,000. Of the Delawares, numbering about 700, nearly one-third are members of Baptist churches. Chief Journey cake of this tribe has exerted a powerful influence, as a Baptist minister, upon his peo¬ ple. An educational outgrowth of missions among the Ottawa Indians is perhaps without a parallel in this country. So great success attends missionary efforts of the Baptists among this tribe, from 1828 to 1858, that they become conspicuous in the arts of civilized life ; profoundly interested in education; and so thoroughly Christianized that in 1862 seven-eighths of all the male adults are members of the Baptist church. In 1860 the white Baptists of Kansas, in their first Convention, determine to establish “ The Roger Williams University.” An influ¬ ential Ottawa, by adoption, Rev. John Tecumseh Jones, attends the Convention, speaks of the desire of his people for a higher school and proposes union of effort to this end. The result of conferences appears in Dec., 1860, when an agreement is made between the Chief and five councilmen of the Otta^va, and a committee of three Trustees of the Universit}^ whereby the Indians give 20,000 acres of land for educational purposes, in consideration of which, the trus¬ tees “ shall board, clothe, and educate a number, not exceeding fifty, of the Ottawa children, every year for thirty years. . . And also, that after the expiration of the thirty years, the Ottawas shall be en¬ titled to ten scholarships in the said University forever.” The In¬ dians state that “ they are very desirous for the education of their children. It is their unanimous and earnest wish that when they grow up, they shah assume the habits and customs, and be able to discharge the duties of American citizens.” In 1862 the Ottawas declare their intention of becoming American citizens by the dissolution of the tribal relation, and to this end enter into treaty with CongTess for the disposal and distribution of the lands among the individuals of the nation, their reservation compris¬ ing about 75,000 acres. In this treaty the gi'ant of 20,000 acres to MISSIONS AMONG THE INDIANS. 507 the University is confirmed, also 640 acres additional are set apart as a school site forever inalienable. The civil war arrests the progress of the enterprise. But in 1865, a school is opened and 5,000 acres are sold for the erection of a college building. The same year the name is changed to ‘'Ottawa University.” For lack of means to complete buildings and maintain instruction, the enterprise seems imperiled. Toward the close of 1865, on behalf of the trustees, Rev. Mr. Jones appeals to the American Baptist Home Mission Society for aid. The Board quickly respond by the appointment of Rev. Robert At¬ kinson as general missionary to Kansas, giving him special instruc¬ tions to look after the local, educational, and denominational interests of Ottawa University. The school is continued as a “ mixed school,” for the youth of both races. Great interest is awakened in its estab¬ lishment. Under the auspices of the Board of the Home Mission So¬ ciety, Mr. Atkinson visits the East, and at length from all sources over $27,000 are secured for the project. Of this sum nearly $14,000 pass directly througli the Society’s Treasury. By a new treaty in 1867, ratified 1868, the time in which the Indians ma}'become Amer¬ ican citizens is "extended to 1869, “ and the Secretary of the Interior and the Senior Corresponding Secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, shall be members ex-officio of the Board of Trustees, with power to vote in person or by proxy, it being the sj^ecial intention of this provision to furnish additional supeiwision of the institution, so that the jn’ovisions of this article may be carried into effect in their full sj^irit and intent.” The school becomes embarrassed and suspends in 1868. The tribal state of the Indians ceases in 1869. In 1872, to the astonish¬ ment of the Trustees of the University and of the Board of the Societ}^, a bill, concocted by some disaffected persons, white and In¬ dians, is rushed through Congress, in the closing hours of its last session, directing the sale of all the property for the benefit of the Indians or “ their assigns,” and directing the Secretary of the Interior to apj^oint a commission to appraise the property and ascertain the equities of the Indians and others. The Board of the Home Mis¬ sion Society claim an equity in the projDerty represented by over $35,000, in contributions, salary of agent and other expenses, which thev wish to remain consecrated to education in Kansas, and at once protest to the Secretary of the Interior against the great wrong of the proj^osed measure. The Board of the University likewise resist the measure as unconstitutional interference with vested rights. The Home Mission Board secure the services of Dr. Cutting, Corres- 508 HISTORICAL SKETCH. j^oncliH" Secretary of tlie Baptist Educational Commission ; the Board of the University, the services of Henry Beard, Esq., of AVashington, D. C. The iniquitous character of the bill is exposed. In November, 1878, at Lawrence, Kansas, J. S. Emery, President of the Tmstees of Ottawa Universitv, AY. AY. Nevison, attornev for the Ottawa Indians, and Dr. S. S. Cutting, representing the Home ]\[is- sion Society, “ unite in a friendly application to Congress ” for an act to ascertain and determine the equitable interests of the contending parties. Congress passes a bill in March, 1873, appointing com¬ missioners to make such a settlement, unless, before their decision, the parties should reach an agreement. The sale of the whole prop¬ erty is averted. In September, 1873, the Board of Trustees of Ottawa University and the Ottawa Indian contestants reach a settlement, in accordance with which the University" takes 1,280 aci’es of the unsold land and the 640 acres comprising the site, with buildings thereon; the remainder, consisting of about 10,000 acres, going ostensibly to the Indians who, in consideration thereof, relinquish all share in the control of the Institution and all further educational privileges or claims for their children therein. The terms of settlement are a surprise to the Board of the Society, which was not consulted, nor its equities mentioned, or in any w’ay recognized. The Board arrest the issuing of patents by the Secre¬ tary of the Interior, until some safeguard for its equitable interest is obtained. The Kansas State Convention in October, 1873, form¬ ally request the Board of the Society to unite with the Board of the University in the settlement on the general basis mentioned, with such guarantees as to the composition of the Board of the University, and as to the manner in which patents should issue, and the purposes to which the property should be forever devoted, that the aim sought by this Board would be attained. To this, S. S. Cutting, D.D., and D. Read, LL.D., representing the Board of the Society finally agree. By the term of the settlement it is stipulated that the 640 acres of the school site— “Should be forever devoted to the purposes of education at Ottawa, under the auspices of the Baptist denomination in Kansas; that they shall never be encum¬ bered by mortgage, and that the avails of any part of it which may besold, shall be made an endowment fund, of which only the interest shall be used forever.” Alas, however, for the Indians, who receive but a small amount from the portion of the property assigned to them, most of it being absorbed by interested parties. lAIISSIONS AMONG THE INDIANS. 509 Between the Board of the Home Mission Society and the Board of Tmstees of Ottawa University, questions arise concerning the pay¬ ment of expenses incurred by the former, in guarding the interests of the denomination in this matter. These, at length, are adjusted by a committee of arbitration. The institution continues its work and may yet become an import¬ ant factor in the denominational life of the State. Rev. John Tecumseh Jones, whose death occurs in 1872, devises his property, valued at $25,000, to ministerial education in Kansas ; or in case no theological school is maintained in the State, then to Madison Universit}^, N. Y. Among the Pottawotamies in Kansas the Board expend $2,000, in 1867, for the improvement of mission property, besides additional sums at other times for support of missionaries. Comparatively little has been done by the Society among the un¬ civilized Indians on reservations, partly because under the‘‘Peace Policy,” adopted by the government in 1869, but three Indian agen¬ cies were allotted to the Baptists, one of these being the Union agen¬ cy among the civilized tribes in the Indian Territory; the other two, the Nevada agency and the Fort Hall agency, Idaho. The Ponca agency is afterward offered by the Secretary of the Interior and ac¬ cepted by the Board. The Union and Nevada Agencies are the only ones now assigned to the Societv. The Society has repeatedly and emj^hatically j^ut itself on record against the transfer of the Indians to the War Department. God having blessed the work of Baptists in so marked a manner, and giv¬ en them so large a rejDresentation among the civilized tribes of the Territory, thereby lays upon the denomination the responsibility of following up this advantage by using these nations to evangelize oth¬ ers of their kin who yet rest in the darkness of paganism, even with¬ in sight and hearing of our Christian civilization. CHAPTER XXIX. Sewall S. Cutting, D.D. “So he fed them according to the integrity of his heart; and guided them by the skillfulness of his hands.”—Ps. Ixxviii. 72. The proper record of a life so varied in its activities, so prominent¬ ly identified with many important denominational affairs as was that of Dr. Sewall S. Cutting, Corresi^onding Secretary of the Society from 1876 to 1879, would require a volume. It is with a feeling of regret that we find ourselves able’to allude merely to many impor¬ tant events in his life, as we trace his career from his birth in Wind¬ sor, Yermont, Jan. 19th, 1813, to his dejiarture at his son’s residence in Brooklyn, X. Y., Feb. 7, 1882, in his seventieth year. Both his parents were natives of Yermont and of English descent. Early in life he removes with them to Westport, New Y^ork, on Lake Champlain. In Hay, 1827, he publicl}' puts on Christ in baptism, the beginning’ of nearlv fiftv-five years of service for His Lord. At sixteen he begins to study law. Believing himself called to preach, the next year he commences his preparatory course of study at South Reading, Mass., at eighteen enters Waterville College, remains here two years, and then completes his college course at the University of Yermont in 1835. It is perhaps immaterial in itself, but should be stated for exact accuracy, that he did not graduate with his class in 1835, but was made a graduate as of that year by special vote of the corporation of the University. From this institution he also re¬ ceives his degree of A.M. in 1840, and his D.D. in 1859. Unable, on account of his health, to take a regular theological course, he becomes pastor of the church in AYest I^o^dston, Mass., where he is ordained, March 30, 1836. In 1837 he accei)ts a call to the church in Southbridge, Mass., where eight years’service completes his pastoral labors. In 1845, at the age of thirty-two, he enters upon editorial life, which continues about ten years; five years on the New York Record¬ er and two years on the Watchman and Rejlector. For about three years he also edits the Chridian Review, and again for two years is on the Recorder, which during this time is united with the Regidei', afterward the Examiner. For a short time in 1850-51, he seiwes the American and Foreign Bible Society as Corresponding Secretary. His editorial work shows great care, and literal’}" ability of a high vv^ " ' i f c > '• .». ."i > *^*'j k.'i* - • -/ ' ^.5^ X-':.. 7^>i>. >W . •■ •rV; ■.;', -v.i ^'.K' 4i|‘ • •■•* *V ' • m • * \ S'* ■ -( f*-; . - IfWAur ^fjlHE !ii2 " usivEJtsitV 01 U-Uf.ti ■''V. < * .- ■?■■•; ■ '^^'''■^ ".A V <«^-. .' ■'-•'iv: L*-» - * t * *, , 'v: s ^ kt .,. J K Si EP^ ‘‘. rOr<'*^ • t ■ " - f «• w * • • * ■ . .• WI^' )> .#->v ■*>-•£-»< •' •; -«' Jm ^ .. ■'" if- ;^f . * \ y ■ '%CV/T r ^-* X' ■«■? _ SEW ALL S. CUTTING, D.D. 511 order in the treatment of leading topics that engage his pen. His writings are characterized by a rhetorical finish, and by a fullness and elaborateness of statement, suggestive of the legal studies of his early life and in which his interest continues through later years. On account of these qualities as well as for the sake of his recognized ability in other respects, the University of Rochester in 1855 elect him Professor of Rhetoric and History in that institution, where he continues for about thirteen years. Too much a man of affairs to be content with the duties of the class-room, he participates freely in the public and denominational concerns of his time, especially through his contributions to the religious journals. In 1868 Dr. Cutting closes his labors at Rochester, to engage in the related work to which his brethren call him as Secretary of the American Baptist Educational Commission, organized b}" leading men interested in educational matters, ‘‘for the two-fold object of pro¬ moting in the Baptist denomination a wider popular interest in the higher forms of education, and likewise a more adequate increase of the Baptist ministry.” Originally restricted in its operations to the States of New York and New Jersey, it rises in importance under the management of Dr. Cutting and his associates, until in 1870 a Na¬ tional Baptist Educational Convention is called, the success of which is so great that a second Convention is called in 1872, when a con¬ stitution for a general organization is adopted, and the Commission merges its work in that of the National Commission, of wdiicliDr. Cut¬ ting is also chosen Corresponding Secretary. At this meeting, the following resolution is unanimously adopted : “ liesolved, That to the llev. S. 8. Cutting, D.D., are especially due the thanks of the Baptists of the entire country, for the energy, faithfulness, and self-sacrificing spirit with which, with so much wisdom and executive ability, he has brought the work entrusted to him to its present state of perfection.” The Commission having thoroughly aroused the denomination on the subject of higher education, discontinues its agency in 1876. Through the instrumentality of Dr. Cutting at the meeting of the Baptist Social Unions of the country, in Brooklyn, 1874, the centen¬ nial educational movement in the denomination takes definite form. During his connection with the Commission, the American Baptist Home Mission Society apply for its special services to protect its inter¬ ests and the interests of the denomination in the matter of the Ottawa University land grant. Tiie Commission consenting, he devotes as¬ siduous attention for months to the difficult business, wdiich calls him repeatedly to Washington as advocate with the Secretary of the In- 612 HISTORICAL SKETCH. teror and with Congressmen. He succeeds in securing a just recog¬ nition of the equities of the Society in the school property and bears a prominent part in the settlement of the matter. For several rears we find him an active member of the Executive Board of the Home Mission Society, and when in the fall of 18 7G, Dr. Nathan Bishop presents his resignation as Corresponding Secretary of the Society, the Board elect Dr. Cutting to fill this position, in which he is continued by the Society until May, 1879, when he de¬ clines a re-election. For several months subsequently, he is en¬ gaged by the Board to give special attention to its investments and other financial and 2 :)roperty matters. In a most trying period, before the country has recovered from severe financial reverses, and while the Society’s receipts reach so low a point that its operations are seriously retarded, he enters upon his duties. Nor is this all. Although the Societ}" closes its fiscal year in 187G, through an act of individual liberality, free from current indebt¬ edness, yet there are obligations incurred for the Nashville School property amounting to about $15,000, while for improvements on the Natchez jiroperty nearly $12,000 more are required. In these cir¬ cumstances, the difficulties in the prosecution of the Society’s work, to the satisfaction of all sections, and especially of the AVest, are most evident, though at the time not apparent to those unacquainted with the real facts of the case. Hence, some severe criticism of the administration of the Society, to v/hich in an able and dignified paper, read at the Annual IMeeting, at the close of his labors in 1879, Dr. Cutting replies in vindication of himself and of the Board. From this we quote:— “It is an error to suppose that the administration of this Society is charged with no more than the simple duty of making collections and disbursement of missionary funds. The Society has grown into an institution of large proper¬ ty, to be cared for and kept to its purposes. In the midst of the financiiTl crisis of the country it has found itself under special burdens, and in special tem¬ porary entanglements. Laying aside the real estate in school use, and the real estate of other kinds, of which it has the title or the guardianship, amount- ing to the nominal sum of $200,000, the Society, as I have shown, has a capital in actual and responsible use of more than $100,000; it has in charge the an¬ nual collection and disbursement of the income of its capital, and of the con¬ tributions of its friends, and the supervision of its educational and missionary work. You may go from ^Yhitehall to Union Scpiare, and nowhere in the City of New York will you find, as I believe, the same amount of capital so per- plexingly employed, and the same amount of business transacted, on an ex¬ penditure so small as in the rooms of the American Baptist Home Mission Society. If I could have foreseen the magnitude a nd laboriousness of the task SEWALL S. CUTTING, D.D. 513 and the obstructions I was destined to encounter, I should have remained in the retirement to which I had alread}^ resorted. For myself, I ask not a re- election to the office which I have held by jmur suffrages, nor the forbearance of your charity for my infirmities, but the recognition by your justice of the fidelity with which I have served you, as I shall find that recognition in those who come after me in the same service, and in the approbation of God, the Judge of the living and the dead.” Strongly persuaded, after careful investigation, of tlie necessity of a monthly publication in the interests of the Society, he secures the consent of the Board to the measure, and in May, 1878, issues the first number of the Baptist Home Mission Monthly —the Society having- been without its own paper since 1874. In 1878, under direction of the Board, and in conformit}^ with the resolution of the Society at Cleveland the same year. Dr. Cutting- and Dr. Lathrop visit the South¬ ern Board of Home Missions, at Marion, Alabama, and Southern brethren in several cities, for the purpose of ascertaining the meas¬ ure of co-operation on which the proposed Superintendent of Mis¬ sions could rely in conducting institutes for the instruction and help of colored pastors. They report the visit of the most satis¬ factory character ; resolutions of co-operation having been passed by the Southern Board, and pledges of co-operation, more or less formal, but always emphatic and cordial, having- been given in every city. During his administration also and by his special advice, the school at Augusta is transferred to Atlanta, and a new building- erect¬ ed for its accommodation. Particularly in respect to work among the freedmen, he seeks to bring the Women’s Home Mission Societies just taking form, into close working relations to the Home Mission Society. At the close of his laborious service in 1879, he visits Europe for purposes of recuperation and investigation, and while there receives the premonitory touch of the paralytic attack which terminates his earthly course. Chief of his published productions is “ Historical Vindications,” an ai^ologetic denominational treatise. Several hymns of his have found place in the standard collections for the service of song. Thus, in passing through a long and useful Christian life, as pastor, editor, professor, author, poet. Secretary of the Educational Commis¬ sion and of the Home Mission Society, and in many other ways identi¬ fied with denominational and philanthropic movements, he becomes a marked formative force of his time. He is remembered as an earn¬ est, dignified, courteous man; interesting- in social intercourse, faith¬ ful in public trusts, loyal to convictions of duty, catholic in his sym¬ pathies, and with deep reverence and veneration for things divine. CHAPTER XXX. Woman’s Work in Home Missions. “ .\nd all the women that were wise-hearted, did spin with their hands and brought that which they had spun.”—Exod. xxx. 25.' “ Those women who labored with me in the Gospel.”—Phil. iv. 3. The work of Avoman in Home Missions requires separate and par¬ ticular notice, partly because of a certain kind of distinctiA^eness, Avliicli, to some extent, has characterized it. The history of Baptist Home Missions rarel}' gBes account of “Male Missionary Societies,’^ but we find “Female Alissionaiw Societies” almost Avithout number; as in the churches there are “Female Prayer Meetings,”AAdiile “Male Prayer Meetings,” save in connection Avith some noon-day seiwice, as in Fulton Street, N. Y., or with Young Men’s Christian Associations, are almost unknoAvn. Generally s])eaking, the efforts and offerings of Avomen have been made, by individuals, through the agency of societies consisting of both men and women, and laboring alike for men and Avomen in need of the Gospel. The history of the Amer¬ ican Baptist Home Mission Society sIioavs from the first and contin¬ ually a numerous company of contributors from the Avomen of our churches, large numbers of aaFoiii by their offerings, have been, and are life members of the Society. Where distinctive organizations have existed, generally speaking, they have been tributary to the gen¬ eral organization. As in a Church, the spiritual poAA^er develojied in the Female Prayer Meeting or Saving Society, is made tributary to the augmentation of the general poAver of the Church, so ordinarily the missionary interest developed by “Female ^Missionary Societies,” has been brought into vital relations with general organizations as an influence to stimulate, cheer, and strengthen those who bear the burdens of administration, as AAiell as those on mission fields strug¬ gling heroically to maintain and extend the kingdom of our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ. The prevalent feeling, judging from the facts of histoiw, seems to liaA^e been that as churches are neither of males or females, nor for males or females, but of both and for both, in like manner, missionar}' organizations representing the activities of the churches in caring for the destitute and degi’aded in regions beyond their OAvn parish lines, should not put asunder Avhat God had woman’s work in home missions. 515 joined together. The later developments of woman’s work in Home Missions have been, to some extent, in the direction of separate organizations, the special reasons for w^hich will appear as ^ve proceed wdth the sketch. Following the chronological order, we first take notice of the four¬ teen women, wdio in 1800, meet to organize “ The Boston Female So¬ ciety for Missionary Purposes.” Part of them are Baptist, part Con- gregationalists. This is two years before the organization of the Massachusetts Domestic Missionary Society. In the first year, they raise one hundred and fifty dollars for Home Missions. Through their agency, “ Female Mite and Cent Societies” spring into being in various parts of the State. When the Domestic Missionary Society begins its operations, these societies quickly send their rivulets of benevolence into the general treasury, to be used by the Board for missionary labor among the frontier settlements in Vermont, Penn- S 3 dvania, and elsewhere. Kev. John Ide, a missionary in Vermont, is made the bearer of a letter to the Society, from the Christian women of Jay, Orleans Co., in which they say: — “ We reside in our smoky log cottages, surrounded on all sides by an al¬ most impenetrable wilderness, where, until within a few months, the blessed name of Jesus was never proclaimed, nor the celestial sound of the Gospel ever heard. . . Our hearts were sensibly affected, when we learned by Elder Ide that our female friends in various parts of our land were contributing of their substance to send the glad tidings of salvation into our needy and dark set¬ tlements.” From Canton, Luzerne Co., Penn., Jan., 1810, comes another letter: “ To the ‘ Female Mite Societies ’ who contribute to the funds of the Baptist Missionary Societ}^ in Massachusetts,” and signed by “ 3 "Our sisters and friends, Fanii}^ Powers, Melisia Smith, Jane BandaU, Bar- thina Morse, Hannah Pratt, Luisa Smith, Deantha Blakeman, Mabel Morle}^ Polty Granideer, Melinda Wilson, Omira Wilson, Polly Van- vankerburgh, and Syntbia Morley.” In this they saj^— “ We have often been refreshed by the Word of God dispensed by mission¬ aries, but never knew how these messengers of grace and peace were supported, until Elder Hartwell gave us the information. Although these means are de¬ rived from various sources, none has so sensibly affected our hearts as that of the Female Mite Societies. . . It seems like the building of the ancient tabernacle in the wilderness, when the women brought fine twined linen. And now, dear sisters, we wish the blessing of God our Saviour to rest upon you, that he would increase your w^ealth and your joy, in so liberally contributing to the spread of the Gospel. May the blessings of thousands ready to perish fall on you, and a full reward be given you of the Lord, both in time and in eternity.” HISTOKia\L SKETCH. hlC) AVe have elsewhere given the full text of the communication of the Hamilton Female Baptist ^Missionary Society, to the Hamilton Bap¬ tist Missionary Society of New York, in 181*2, in which they say,— “ We have thousht it our duty to assist von in yonr laudable elforts to dis- seminate the Gospel among the destitute, for whicli purpose we present you with twenty yards of fulled cloth, and wish you to receive it, and dispose of it for the above purpose.” AVe have noticed also how other similar societies bring like offer¬ ings, later, to the Hamilton Society'. In 18*21 we find tlie ladies of Baltimore organized into a society to assist in clothing the Cherokee Indian children in the Carolina mission schools. The Fayette Street Female Mission Society of New Y^ork, and the Ladies’ Societ}' of Salem, iVIass., about the same time receive S 2 :)ecial mention for their interest in Indian missions. ]\Iuch more might be presented to show the spread of Women’s Home Mis¬ sion Societies, generall}’ local in their character, at this period. But coming directly to woman’s work in connection with the efforts of the American l^aptist Home Mission Society, we find in the treas¬ urer’s report for the first ^^ear a number of contributions from women or companies of women in the churches. There is some¬ thing very touching in these entries on the Treasurer’s books:— “A lady, avails of a useless article of dress.$9.00. “ A lady, Framingham, Mass., avails of ornaments. 5.68. “ Lady in Framingham, avails of ornaments. 0.75.” The women of Providence in 1835 send to the Society $150 for missions in Michigan. In 1838 three women’s societies, in Prov¬ idence, New Y’ork, and Philadelphia are reported among the “ aux¬ iliaries whose object it is to supply the parent society with funds.” In 1843 organized women’s societies are found in the Oliver Street, Stanton Street, Norfolk Street, and the First Churches of New Y’^ork, in the First Church, Brooklyn, in the First Church, Providence, also a Young Ladies’ Home ^Mission Society in Philadelphia. Other Female Auxiliary Societies soon appear in YEassachusetts, Yermont, in Warren, R. I., in Buffalo, N. Y^., in New Jersey, and in Kentucky. In 1847 about twenty-five Female Home ^Mission Societies send their offerings to the treasury. And thus for years afterward, we find the women of the churches, both as individuals and as societies, sending their regular contributions for the suppoid of missionaries to their sisters and to others dwelling in the wilderness along the frontiers. These societies until 184() are known as “ Primary Auxiliaries,” in distinction from “ State Auxiliaries,” and after the abolition of the woman’s work in home missions. 617 organic auxiliary system in 1846, are called “ Primary Societies.’^ Their interest in the work is unaffected by the change. Between 1846 and 1853, the names of fort^^-three women’s societies are given, whose aggregate offerings to home missions through the treasury of the General Society are about $12,438.91. An examina¬ tion of the Society’s receipts for forty-six years, shows that of 693 persons who made bequests to its treasuiy, 375 were women, and of the total sum received from legacies during that time, amounting to $378,933.49, the sum received from the bequests of women amounts to $148,328.81. Among the largest donors to the Society’s work have been women,, some of whom still live to share in the joy of the results accomplished through their generous benefactions. In 1866, when Christian education for the freedmen presses heavily on the Society, the Board call upon the Baptist sisterhood for $100,000 to aid chiefly in the education of colored jmeachers. The response to the call cheers the Board in their work. As the w^ork of the Society in the South expands and includes ed¬ ucation for both sexes, and as the services of women teachers are more and more demanded, there springs up a revival of interest among the Baptist women of the land, in the work of Home Mis¬ sions. The connection between cause and effect is plain, as we note the work done by the Society in the employment of female mission¬ aries and teachers in the South, who by correspondence and by their vacation visits to their Northern friends, kindle new zeal in behalf of the perishing. The first woman appointed by the Board to labor among the freed¬ men is Miss Joanna P. Moore, who is commissioned Dec. 31, 1863, to service at the famous “ Island No. 10,” in the Mississippi, near Mem¬ phis, Tenn. In 1864 the Board report nine women, as “assistant missionaries” among the freedmen in five States of the South. The number is increased to 24 in 1865, to 59 in 1866, the number dimin¬ ishing somewhat during the three succeeding years of discussion and uncertainty concerning the organization through which the denom¬ ination should do this work, and after 1869, when a conclusion on this point is reached, ranging from 20 to 30 annually until 1882. Ihe Society in 1865 formally directs the Board to engage, for work among the freedmen, such persons, “ preachers, colporteurs, and teach¬ ers, male and female, as they know to be well qualified and faithful.’ The kind of service rendered by these “assistant missionaries, is thus officially stated in 1867: 51B HISTORICAL SKETCH. “We have commissioned, since the last anniversary meeting of the Society, fifty-four persons, as assistant missionaries and teachers, to labor for the im¬ provement of the colored people, and especially for the education of the colored children. Their Avork is not confined to the school-room. They go from house to house, giving counsel and instruction in domestic afiairs. They are the al¬ moners of bounties sent to the aged and sutfering. They are the leading spirits in the Colored Baptist Sabbath-schools on their respective fields of labor. They are all doing mission work. “A large majority of them are ladies, who enter the social and prayer meetings of a colored church, and into its Sabbath-school, coming out from the social and religious culture, and from the Sabbath-schools of our best New En¬ gland and New York churches. Their records in past years, and the work they are now doing, attest the value of their services. The most remarkable revivals on our mission field last year kindled in answ'er to the prayers and as results of the toils, of these assistant missionaries. “In addition to the direct influence which they have exerted in the churches, they have imparted regular day-school instruction to more than 6,000 pupils. They are, in many instances, teaching the pastor of the church Avith which they are connected, and are giving culture to scores of young men, who improve every opportunit}" of preparing themselves to preach the Gospel.” These missionary teachers, engaged in instruction and in mission¬ ary labor among their pupils, and in the homes, the Sunday-schools, and the churches of the colored people, naturally awaken a wide¬ spread interest among the women of Baptist Churches in their work. At the same time the conviction deepens in many quarters, that there should be some organized effort on the part of women for home mission, as well as for foreign mission work. Representatives and friends of the Home Mission Society begin to give expression to these views. The earliest utterances on the subject, about 1872, are thus referred to in an account of the organization of the Woman’s Baptist Home Mission Society of Michigan, formed in 1873—the first organization of its kind: “ We were induced to commence operations as a separate society, by the frequent calls for aid from the agent (Rev, A. E. Mather), of the American Bap¬ tist Home Mission Society, then soliciting funds for its work in Michigan, to the different Ladies’ Benevolent and Missionary Societies already organized in our Baptist Churches, to help in sustaining the many feeble and newly organ¬ ized churches in our own State, and also to aid in the support of a lady teacher and pupils in the school for freedmen then commencing operations under the patronage of that Society in Nashville, Tennessee. “The results have proved the wisdom of so doing, as we have been enabled to unite in one the many scattered forces, while others, seeing the good accom¬ plished by the Society, have been induced to join in our work.” Of the next organization of women for Home Mission work, the 519 woman’s work in home missions. Women’s Baptist Home Mission Society, we have the following ac¬ count :— “ This Society was organized in Chicago, Feb. 1st, 1877, and was the result of a growing conviction in the minds of many, that home mis¬ sions had a kindred claim with foreign missions on the sympatliy and means of Christian women. ‘‘Four years previous to this, the subject of such an organization was discussed by the women of Chicago, and though temporarily abandoned, as not then feasible, was never lost sight of, nor ceased to have a place in their plans for Christian work. Prominent among the influences which finally resulted in the formation of the Society, was the entering of Miss Moore upon her work in New Orleans, sup¬ ported by a few Sunda 3 "-schools and mission circles in Northern Il¬ linois, and her great need of helpers. Also, still later, a Woman’s Mis¬ sionary Society was formed by Mrs. Blackall, of Chicago, among the Indian women, and from them came an appeal to Baptist women in the States to aid them in sending the Gospel to their sisters among the wild tribes. After various and prolonged efforts to unite the home and foreign work in an organization already existing, without success, a response was at last given to these convictions and appeals in the formation of this Society.” It should be added that Maj. G. W. Ingalls, general missionary in the Indian Territoiy, was actively en¬ gaged in the ince23tion of this movement. The original Constitution of this Society states the object to be— “ To jiromote the Christianization of homes by means of missions and mission schools, with special reference to the freed peojole, the Indians, and immigrant heathen pojiulations.” On the 14th of November, 1877, in Tremont Temple, Boston, “ The Women’s American Baptist Home Mission Society,” is organized, and a constitution adopted, the second and third articles of which say:— “ The leading object of this Society shall be the evangelization of the women among the freed people, the Indians, the heathen immi- gi*ants, and the new settlements of the West.” “This object it shall seek to accomplish by raising funds and send¬ ing out missionaries, teachers, and Bible readers, subject to the ap¬ proval of the Executive Board of the Home Mission Society.” In all these measures, consultation is had with the Board of the Home Mission Society through the Corresj^onding Secretary, Dr. S. S. Cutting and proper committees, before organizations are accom¬ plished. The Board instruct the Corresponding Secretary to corres¬ pond with the Secretary of the Missionary Union, informing that 520 HISTORICAL SKETCH. body that the proposed moYeraent is not designed in anyway “ to use the 2 )i‘estige of the Women’s Societies for Foreign Missions, or to obstruct or weaken in any wav their work.” Tlie result of this cor- respondence is the harmonious opinion of both Boards that the Women’s Home Mission Societies should be distinct from those es¬ tablished in behalf of Foreign Missions. The Board apjn’ove the proposal of the women to organize as a So¬ ciety, and the Society in 1877 invite their oganized co-operation. In 1878 some cpiestions having arisen concerning the relations of one or more of these societies to the Home Mission Society, the subject re¬ ceives special attention at the aniuial meeting in 1878, at which res¬ olutions are adopted by which, “ The AYomen’s Baptist Home Mission Society” (of Chicago) having declared their intention to become “ a strong ally to this Society in its grand work,” is “ welcomed as an associate agency in the enterprise of home evangelization,” between wdiich and the Board of the General Society it is recommended that ‘Hnutual consultations, as proposed by the Board of the AVonien’s Society, be had upon ah matters in respect to which^the two Boards may have a common interest;” that the AVomen’s Society be invited and recommended to report its work in particular to the Society “ to be incorporated in the Annual Ile 2 )ort, as the work of a co-ordinate organization,” and expressing “ cordial sympathy and fellowship with the Boston and Michigan Associations, and all other associations of women laboring in more or less close relations with this Society in the prosecution of its work.” Between the Society at Chicago, hav¬ ing branches in the East and claiming as its field the whole countiy, and the Society at Boston claiming at least New England, there nat¬ urally enough arises some question concerning the iiroper constituen¬ cy of eacli. Early in 1879 the Board of the Home Mission Society receive a “ Memorial ” from thirty-four pastors and other ministers of Boston and vicinity, in which they express their belief that the conflicting claims of these two bodies may lead to trouble in the churches,” and request the l^oard “ to see whether it is not jmacti- cable to so unite these societies as to give us only one General Woman’s Home Mission Organization in this country.” Not long af¬ terward, a memorial of a similar character with a “Plan of Union, is received from twenty-four pastors and other ministers of Prov¬ idence and vicinity, the plan providing for a new society with the management vested in a board of ladies located in New AMrk, whose duties and relations to the General Society are outlined. xVn able ommittee of the Board, after close attention to the matter, recom- woman’s work in home mSSIONS. 521 mend “ the formation of a Central Union of Women’s Baptist Home Mission Societies,” and to this end, issue a circular requesting rep¬ resentatives from existing State or sectional societies to meet at Saratoga, in May, 1879, at the time of the Society’s Anniversary. During the meetings, a special committee on Women’s Home Mission Societies, report through Dr. G. C. Lorimer, that— “After consulting with representatives from the various Women’s Home Missions Organizations, and the documents which have been brought before us, w'e have agreed to recommend the adoption of the following: “ Resolved, That we instruct the Board of the American Baptist Home Mis¬ sion Society to perfect a plan of organization for a Woman’s National Home Mission Society; that this Society shall assume the distinctive work now being prosecuted by existing women’s organizations, and shall provide for a Central Board of Administration in the City of New York, and that these Societies be requested, after the adoption of this plan, to disband and then reorganize in accordance with the specific recommendations of the Board.” In addition to this resolution, unanimously adopted, the following, presented by Dr. L. Moss, is also adopted:— “ Resolved, That the Board of the Home Mission Society, in perfecting the plan for organizing women’s work, is instructed to consult with and seek the concurrence of the women engaged in Home Mission work, especially those or¬ ganizations affected by this movement.” Subsequent to the adoption of these resolutions on Thursday evening, the Chicago Society, the succeeding afternoon, adopt the following:— “ Whereas, The Women’s Baptist Home Mission Society submitted the question of its existence to the denomination in Home Mission Society assem¬ bled, therefore, “ Resolved, That this Society adheres to this purpose, and leaves with the denomination the responsibility of the results of their action. The Boston Society, with representatives from other Societies, like¬ wise— “Resolved, That we gratefully and cheerfully accept the action of the Amer¬ ican Baptist Home Mission Society, referring the organization of Women’s Bap¬ tist Home Mission Societies to the Executive Board of the Society.” Under these instructions from the Society, and in view of the res¬ olutions adopted by the Women’s Societies, the Board, in July, 18^9, * prepare a plan for harmonizing Women’s Work in Home Missions. This is submitted to the societies interested for suggestions. In Hovember the revised plan is adopted, and a general meeting of women identified with existing societies is called, for the organ¬ ization of the Women’s National Baptist Home Mission Union. Previous to this meeting in New York, in Jan., 1880, represent- 33 522 HISTORICAL SKETCH. atives of the Societies at Chicago and Boston, in joint consultation, think it practicable to harmonize their work, without disbanding theii* organizations. The drift of sentiment being in this direction, these Societies de¬ cline to disband and reorganize as one general Society in accordance with the plan adopted l)y the Board. The territorial and working relations of the Societies to each other are defined, and the Societies continue their organizations. The Michigan Society while devoting attention mainly to mission- ary work in the newer portions of that State, has been a prized help¬ er to the Home Mission Society, through its offerings for the supiiort of women teachers in schools for the colored people, and for the sup¬ port of missionaries in Western fields. The Women’s Baptist Home Mission Society (Chicago), having changed its original constitution so as to limit its operations princi¬ pally to the evangelization of the homes of the degraded, has given its strength mainly to this kind of work, mostly among the colored people, though to some extent also among the immigrant populations and the Indians. In 1882 an arrangement is made between the Board of this Society and the Board of the Home Mission Society, whereby the former ma}" aj^point missionary teachers to labor in the schools of the latter, giving instruction in the domestic branches, in hygiene, and concerning religious life and work. A special feature of this Society is its “ Training School ” at Chicago. As a rule, be¬ fore their appointment, missionaries of this Society must take a four or six months’ course in this school. Efficient branches of this So¬ ciety exist in many cities, and circles in numerous churches. In sev¬ eral Western States, State organizations have been formed and allied more or less closely in their operations to this Society. Missionaries employed for the year ending April 30, 1882, are re¬ ported at 25; also 8 Bible women at 18 different stations, lieceipts for the year, $1G,25G. G8. The Society also does much in sending boxes of goods to missionaries of the Home Mission Society. The Woman’s American Baptist Home Mission Society (Boston) devotes special attention to the Christian education of young women among the colored people of the South, and some attention to other missionary work. They co-operate closely with the Home Mission Society, which has long emphasized the imjDortance of education for young women, in supporting female teachers in the freedmen schools, in aiding worthy young women to acquire an education, and in fur¬ nishing the rooms for girls’ dormitories. Notable success has at- woman’s work in home missions. 523 tended tlie educational enterprise for girls, at Atlanta, under the labors of Miss Packard and Miss Giles. The “ Mather School ” for girls, at Beaufort, S. C., has the support of the Society. The report for 1882 shows that the Society has supported wholly or in part 11 teachers and missionaries and 45 students in the schools of the South and West. The year’s receipts, in cash, .$0,629.18; in goods sent to mission schools and missionaries, $1,786.60. The women of Cleveland, independent of any of the societies named, have nobly co-operated with the Home Mission Society in the support of missionaries on the frontier, in aiding worthy students, in furnishing boxes of clothing, and in helping to erect chapels in the West. Besides these organized Women’s Societies, women in their indi¬ vidual capacity have been most liberal contributors to the work of the Society, in recent years, as from the first. Within three years previous to this writing, one has given $6,000 for chapels for the In¬ dians and for houseless churches in the West; another $2,000 for girls’ dormitories, and $5,000 more pledged for other buildings; anoth¬ er $5,000 for similar purposes; two others $5,000; and another $15,000, and $5,000 more in pledges, for like purjioses, in addition to about $30,000 for church edifice and general missionary purposes of the Society. The educational work of the Home Mission Society is for women as well as for men, and its missionary work is for women as well as for men; hence, it naturally expects, and heartily welcomes and rejoices in the co-operation of Christian women, whether as individuals or as societies, in the effort to evangelize the multitudes of the benighted and neglected on this continent. CHAPTER XXXI. General Review. The Lord hath done great things for us whereof we are glad. They that sow in tears shall reap in joy. He that goeth forth and weepeth, bearing pre¬ cious seed, shall doubtless come again rejoicing, bringing his sheaves with him.” Ps. cxxvi. 3, 5, 6. A general summary of the influence of the American Baptist Home Mission Society", as a formative factor in the growth and the charac¬ ter of the Baptist denomination in America, will fittingly conclude this historical sketch. Manifold have been and are its activities, as shown at length in the sketch and in the following analysis; so that one must look in many directions for the results of its operations. Our aim has been not to magnify the Society, but to set forth soberly what has been wrought, so that the kind of work done may be known, and the grounds of confidence of the denomination in their general missionary organization for the evangelization of North America, may be clearly seen, and God who worketh in and through his peo¬ ple may be glorified. AVe can heartily adojit the happy utterance of Dr. Broadus at the Jubilee meeting: “ When you say grand things about what the Bap¬ tists of ximerica have grown to be and have been enabled to do, then, somehow, I get to feeling ashamed to think of what we ought to have done; but if anybody should rise up and sjieak disparagingly, then I should want to get up and say, I thanlv God that we have been able to do so much.” Pioneer and Itinerant Mianionarie ^.—Frontier mission work has ever been a leading feature of the Society’s operations, and any estimate of the influence of the Societ}^ that should omit the labors of mis¬ sionaries thus engaged would be radically defective. Following up the new settlements, looking up the scattered members of eastern flocks, confirming the faith of those living without religious privileges, reclaiming the wanderer, pointing the unconverted to Christ, ^^reacli- ing publicly and from house to house, under trees, in log cabins or wherever a place can be found, establishing prayer meetings, organ¬ izing churches and Sunday-schools, distributing bibles and tracts. GENERAL REVIEW. 525 raising money for nieefcing-liouses and laboring thereon with their own hands, baptizing in the streams of the wilderness—these are some of the things entering into the service of pioneer missionaries, as they itinerate through the new sections of the West. These men liave been variously called “ missionary agents,” or “exploring agents,” or “ itinerants ” or “ general missionaries,” sometimes with several counties for their field, sometimes a large part or the whole of a territory. Pages could be filled with accounts of the labors of these pioneer Bap¬ tist bishops. One in Missouri, in 1834, tells of his travels, before roads, bridges, or ferry boats were known in his field, saying, “ I had to swim creeks, sleep sometimes in camps and cabins without fioors, preach un¬ der trees, etc., preaching a great deal in infant settlements and when a sufficient number of disciples could be gathered, forming them into small churches.” Another in Illinois says, “ I rode 800 miles during the last quarter and visited much from house to house.” Some of these men traveled three or four thousand miles each year, mostly on foot, in this itinerant work. In 1834, the Board referring to Wisconsin, say, “ Occupying this large field, and subject, as they are, to the calls of a widely extended population, the services of our brethern must be generally those of itinerants. One of these has to some extent supplied four counties.” In 1847 they say, “The itinerant system is not and camiot be abandoned ; on the contrary, it is prosecuted with vigor in all those sections of the country where circumstances render it necessary.” A call is made the next 3 "ear for missionaries, “as general itinerants to extend their labors to points of interest throughout a particular State and to itinerate within the bounds of particular associations or counties.” Secretary Hill, in 1850, “a loud call for itinerant jn’eachers,” saying, “The appointment of itinerant preachers or evangelists, has been encouraged by every Executive Board since the organization of the Society. The itinerant service is an important feature in our operations. In our list of missionaries many itinerants are now found. If our treasury were better supplied there would be more of them.” In 1861 the Board in the annual report mention “ those who itinerate in large frontier districts, of Avhom there are many.” And- every year since, general and itinerant missionaries have been appointed for new and destitute fields. In 1882, 38 mis¬ sionaries were thus employed—and more are needed. One of these in Oregon writes of the people in his parish as “ scattered over a 526 HISTORICAL SKETCH. country eighty by one hundred and fifty miles, and in perhaps one hundred difierent neighborhoods,” and asks, “what can one lone man do among so many?” Another in Lower California reports nearly 900 miles traveled ; 2,000 pages of denominational literatime distributed ; a church organized ; two lots for church purposes secured ; a Sunday-school institute held ; two revival meetings con¬ ducted ; three tours of discovery made, and plans laid for early oc¬ cupancy—all in three months!” Scores of missionaries report simi¬ lar work performed in recent years. These pioneer missionaries are the forerunners who prepare the fields for settled pastors ; and through whose labors thousands brought into eastern churches are saved to the denomination, in their western houses. They should be thought of as living shuttles in the loom of frontier life, moving hither and thither all along the advancing bor¬ ders of civilization, introducing into the forming texture of society, of morals and of religion, the strong, white linen cords of gospel right¬ eousness, in accordance with the heavenly pattern revealed in the word of God. These shuttles should be greatly multiplied at this time, when so rapidl}’- and on so extensive a scale, the character of the great West is being wrought out for the generations to come. Local MUnionarii Work .—With the organization of churches, consist¬ ing ordinarily at first of ten to twenty members, whose limited cap¬ ital is wholly invested in their huml)le home and farm or business, and who therefore can do little toward the support of a j^astor and the building of a chapel, arises the great demand for aid in main¬ taining for a few years a settled pastor. Steady pastoral work must follow as quickly as possible the pioneer work. Planting must be fol¬ lowed by watering and tending. Nowhere is personal and house-to- house religious labor more needed than in new settlements. Tens of thousands annually receive personal attention from the Society’s mis¬ sionaries. Usually the Society’s help is required from three to five years before these infant churches are able to go alone. There are exceptions, however. Sometimes, as churches are on the point of becoming self-supporting, they become again dependent in con¬ sequence of a series of adverse years ensuing, as of the grasshojiper plague, the drouths, or general financial distress; at other times, in consecpience of the loss by death or by removal of a few princijial aivers ; or perhaps, by the loss of a iiastor. The newer west continu¬ ally drains the older Avest, so that scores of depleted churches in the GENERAL REVIEW. 627 older western States must yet be aided or perish. Hence, it some¬ times occurs that churches, which nobly attempted self-support, but afterward are crippled in their resources, return again for assistance. The Society that can come to the rescue of these imperiled older in¬ terests, as well as to the support of the younger ones, does a work of incalculable value. The future of these localities justifies the So¬ ciety in holding on to the weak and struggling organization ; for^ what the thickly populated sections of the older States are, such are these new fields destined to be. The average amount required from the Society to supplement salaries of local missionaries, is about $250. The reiterated principle and purpose of the Board is— 1. To occupy fields of the very iDest promise, centres of influence, centres of power ; and from these to- move aggressively outward, as from a well-assum¬ ed military base. “2. To spend none of the money of the Society upon a man, simply be¬ cause he is poor or because he applies for aid ; but to employ as laborers, men of known industry, piety, energy, and efficiency. “3. To insist that churches aided shall become self-supporting as soon as possible and helpers in turn of others.” TJiese missionary pastors seldom minister merely to one local church, but are bishops of the regions round about, having from two to five stations; as ay»pears from the fact that last year, in four missionary States, 159 missionaries statedly ministered to 212 churches and preached at 182 out-stations. In some western States and territories nearly every church has been helped onward by the Society’s aid ; many of them being now vigorous organizations Thousands of churches have thus been started on their rejoicing course. This is the motherly feature of the Society’s mission w^ork, which has been done with tenderness for fifty years, and which must be done at least for fifty years to come. Sunday-school Work .—No just estimate of the Society’s influence as a formative agency in new settlements, can be made without taking into account the Sunday-school labors of missionaries. From the first, the Board have instructed missionaries to give special attention to the organization and maintenance of Sunday-schools. Opposition to these progressive measures was common in the earlier years of the Society’s history. The account given by Rev. 'Win. Kinner, appointed missionaiy to Morgan County, Ill., in 1832, illustrates the character of the opposition in many places : “ I came home lately from the military tract. The Baptists belong- 528 HISTORICAL SKETCH. in^ to Crooked Creek Association would not sufter me to preach in their houses. One of them invited me to preach in his house, but, alas! when he found I was favorable to Sunday-schools, he said that ‘ the Church would deal with him if he suffered a man of that chai- acter to preach in his house.’ ” An integral and essential part of the missionary’s work is to attend to the interest of the Sundav-school as much as to the interests of the ft/ prayer-meeting. This is true of the general and of the local mis¬ sionary. Missionaries’ reports include the statistics of the Sunday- school. The 93 missionaries in 1843 report 179 Sunday-schools and Bible-classes, with 5,570 pupils and 9,211 volumes in their libraries. In 1852, 149 missionaries report 182 Sunday-schools and 94 Bible- classes ; 9,104 scholars and 22,009 volumes in the libraries. Over 20,000 persons are reported in the Sabbath-schools in 1805. In 1870 it is stated that for thirty years the number instructed in Sabbath- schools cared for by the missionaries was 273,270. In 1882, 554 Sunday-schools are reported as under the care of msssionaries, with an attendance of 29,090. In 1852 it is said, “Our missionaries are good Sabbath-school missionaries,” and are “ required to interest themselves as agents for fostering and improving existing schools, and organizing them where there are none.” And in 1850, “ They are not only friends and patrons of Sabbath-schools, but, if necessaiy, sujierintendents and teachers.” In view of these facts it is natural that the offerings of Sunday- schools should be given to the Societv whose missionaries devote so much attention to the chikb’en. From the first year of the Societ 3 ^’s histoiy, Sunday-schools have helped on the good work, sometimes by regular contributions to the treasury, sometimes b}" helping the young and feeble schools of missionaiy churches, procure libraries, papers, and other Sunday-school helps. Nothing can be more beautiful than thus to cultivate in children s^mipatly for the destitute and inculcate the dut}" of Christian patriotism. The annual report for 1870, says, “ Sabbath-schools should help. The future of our faith and of our countr}" is far more important to the children than to the parents. The time has come when the children must help their parents and their Christian friends in all their labors, to improve the on-coming and uprising generation with which the children are to live as men and women, when their parents shall have died or been laid aside. AVe suggest, and, as far as practicable, we earnestW recommend that each Sabbath-school designate three months in each j’^ear to help GENERAL REVIEW. 529 forw^ard the work of Home Missions.” It is suggested that if they wish to contribute to a special object, $15 to $25 may be sent to give a library of good books, with testaments, to one of our destitute Sunday-schools South or West; or $50 to support a colored student preparing for the ministry ; or toward the support of missionary in the West, or for the erection of a chapel in which Sunday-schools may be held. In 1881, it is said that, “ It is fitting that Sunday- schools should thus be trained to remember those who are unprovid¬ ed with the privileges they enjoy.” Bible mid Tract Distribution .—The value of Christian literature in the hands of missionaries has been recognized by the Society from the beginning, and special efforts have been made to provide the needed supplv. The original idea seems to have been to co-opeiate with the Baptist General Tract Society, by furnishing through the missionaries of the Home Mission Society, an inexpensive and effi¬ cient medium for the distribution of its literature. This seems also to have been the idea of the Tract Society, as shown in the following preamble to certain resolutions introduced in 1835, by Bev. J. M. Allen, of Pennsylvania, and adopted by the Society : Whereas, The call for tracts in the Mississippi Valley is constantly increasing ; and whereas, the Board of Managers of the Baptist General Tract Society are making special efforts to raise $5,000 for the distribution of their publications through the agency of the missionaries of the American Baptist Home Mission Society,” etc., etc. The following year, after expressing the opinion that “religious tracts are eminently calcidated for Gielps’in the missionary work, it is “ Resolved, That, as heretofore, this Society has been made the almoner of a generous donation from the said Tract Society, so will we ever be happy to afford them any facility in their powei, thiough our missionaries and agents, in executing their plans of benevolence. From the American Tract Society for many years the missionaries of the Home Mission Society received each, 5,000 pages of tracts per annum. In 1838 the grant “ amounts in all to some 600,- 000 or 800,000 pages.” Several hundred Bibles and Testaments from the American Bible Society are also acknowledged. Some missionaries however report in 1839, that large nambers of families are found where a tract could not be read by any one of their number, and that these people must rely upon the lips of the living teacher for communication of Bible truth. In 1843 the Board acknowledge “ a free grant of 100,000 pages o30 HISTOI^ICAL SKETCH. from tlie American Baptist Publication Society, and from the Ameri¬ can Tract Society of 5,000 pages for each missionary, and say, “ This act of Christian kindness we acknowledge as one which not onl}" promises great good to souls, but also to bind together in stronger bands, Societies whose prosj^erit}' is increased by mutual co-operation.” In 1852 Dr. Hill says, “ All our missionaries, from pastors of churches in the largest western cities to the most obscure itinerant circuit, perform, essentially, the work of colporteurs in their respective fields. They are supplied with Bibles from the Bible Society, with tracts from the American Tract Society, and the American Baptist Publication Society (both gratuitously), and from the latter as cir¬ cumstances permit, with other religious books for sale. These are distributed, generall}', with unusual good judgment throughout the entire region of their ministerial labors. They are, thus far, efficient colporteurs; they are encouraged in the work by their general instiiic- tions ; and in the performance of it the}' have accomplished a vast amount of good.” And in the Annual Report of 1856, it is further said of the Society’s missionaries that— “They are also most efficient distributors of the Scriptures and religious tracts ; being by virtue of their instruction j^ractical colj^or- teurs in their res 2 :)ective fields ; in which they enjoy the best means of learning who are really destitute and needy, and what are the most judicious methods of supplying them with the precious treasure of God’s word.” In 1857, in re])ly to certain representations, the Corresponding Secretary emphasizes the statement that this kind of work is ex 2 )ected of all missionaries and “ it would be difficult to conceive of a profitable or faithful missionary who would neglect such duties.” In response to missionaries in New INFexico, who addressed the l^oard concerning the difficulty of getting congregations to listen to the preaching of the word, and expressing the belief that colportage is a very essential part of their work, the Board adopt a resolution,— “ That our missionaries in New Mexico be authorized to perform general colporteur duties and, in transmitting the action to the brethren, they were also informed, “ that the Board considered it the duty of all missionaries to act as colporteurs in their respective fields, so far as might be necessary, and that those in New Mexico might have so understood the matter.” In 1861, the Board report that the duty of distributing the Scrip- GENERAL REVIEW. 531 tures and other religious lilerainre, “is performed efficiently by all the missionaries of the society, but especially by those who itinerate in large frontier districts, of whom there are many. The liberality of the Publication and Tract Societies is mentioned, as also that of the American and Poreign Pible Society, in furnishing Spanish Testa¬ ments for missions in Mexico and the South-west; also of Sheldon & Co., in the grant of literature. And it is said, that, “As Bibles, Testaments, denominational books, and tracts are as essential to the success of a missionary as are good and appropriate tools to the suc¬ cess of a mechanic, it is hojied that in some Avay they may be better provided for hereafter.” In 1865, with the opening of the great mission field among the Freedmen, the Society in annual session instruct the Board to employ for the work qualified and faithful instruments “ preachers, colporteurs, and teachers, male and female.” This work of Bible and tract distribution is still expected of all missionaries, of every nation¬ ality, in ever}^ field of labor. Thus millions of pages of the Scrip¬ tures and of general religious literature, have been scattered abroad wisely by the Society. Temperance .—Jonathan Going, the first Corresponding Secretary of the Society, was a pronounced temperance man, and from the out¬ set, the missionaries, under his inspiration, gave much attention to the temperance movement, then assuming considerable proportions. His resolution adopted by the Society in 1835, “ recommended to the churches to jirocure pure wine, free from all alcoholic admixture, for the purposes of the Communion.” In 1833, Ave find the missionaries reporting as a part of their labors the organization of temperance societies, and of churches Avith temperance principles in their cove¬ nant, and occasionally the organization of an anti-tobacco society . The number of temperance societies reported by the missionaries, the second year, is forty. In 1838, the Board report that— “ The tenq^erance cause has received the hearty support of our missionaries, and nearly all mention having delivered addresses* Societies exist in most congregations, usually in connexion Avith other denominations, as it is found that a common foe can more success¬ fully be met and repulsed by united phalanx. The total abstinence principle is rapidly gaining friends. Too much emphasis cannot be laid upon the imiiortance of this institution, as an auxiliary in pro¬ moting the spread of the gospel and the salvation of men.” In 1812, 2,981 signatures to the temperance pledge are reported by missionaries. 582 HISTORICAL SKETCH. “Tlie temperance cause,” it is said in 1847, “is fully sustained by these mission churches. The missionaries are all furnished with a temperance pledge, which they use as occasions require ; but there ai’e several who report that theirs is so universally signed and ob¬ served in their congregations, it is almost useless to carry it with them.” In 1851, it is stated that “ our missionaries are all instructed to promote the cause of temperance on their respective fields.” And in 1857, “ The missionaries have esiablished for themselves a good reputation as moral reformers. Since the year 1810, at least, 17,257 signatures to the temperance pledge have been obtained by their unaided personal efforts.” Until the end of Dr. Hill’s administration in 1862, the number of signatures obtained to the temperance pledge are regularly given in the summary of missionaries reports. In 1876, the Society adopts a resolution “ deploring the use of and traffic in intoxicating liquors as a beverage, and in 1878, passes the following resolution : Bcfiolved, That as temperance, including total abstinence from the use of all intoxicants as a beverage, and practical condemnation of the liquor traffic for beverage purposes, is in harmony with the Word of God, and for the best interests of humanity; therefore, as a So¬ ciety and as Christian men, we are cordially in favor of, and most heartily endorse, all right efforts to jiromote the great and glorious cause of temperance, everywhere and among all peoples.” Among the colored people, missionaries of the Society have wrought nobly ill the temperance work. And in the schools sustained b}’ the Society the temperance rule is enforced, and abstinence from the use of intoxicants and tobacco is made a condition of aid to students. Educational .—In the accomplishment of its mission “ to promote the preaching of the Gospel in North America,” the Society has re¬ cognized the duty not only of sending men to preach it, but also with wise forecast, of assisting in raising up qualitied men for this work, b}’’.throwing its influence directly or indirectly in favor of higher Christian education. Dr. Going, the founder of the Society, on his retirement from the Secretaryship, stated that his original jiurpose was “to bring into existence a Society whose exclusive object should be to aid in fully publishing the Gospel, and in encouraging collateral instrumentali¬ ties throughout North America.” That “ collateral instrumentalities ” meant particularly Christian institutions of learning, is very clear GENERAL REVIEW. 533 from many circumstances, as well as from his declaration, when ac¬ cepting the Presidency of the Granville Literary and Theological In¬ stitution in Ohio, viz.: that it was “ only a transfer from one depart¬ ment to another of the same grand enterprise.” And in 1833 it is an¬ nounced as a feature of the Society’s polic}^, to secure as missionaries “younger ministers of piety and talent and who have enjoyed the ad¬ vantages of education,” for the strong points in the West, to strength¬ en “the cause of religion and education in the surrounding countiy. ” Hence, in the early reports of the Society, frequent mention is made of the educational interests in mission fields. In 1836 it is stated that “the cause of education, primary, academic, and theological, is zealously advocated and promoted by the Society’s missionaries. The enterprising sons of the West should undoubtedly be themselves trained for the religious teachers of the West, and for this purpose institutions are needed in their midst.” Gratification is expressed at the prospects of the infant institutions—“ Franklin Institute ” in In¬ diana, “Kalamazoo Literary and Theological Institute” in Michi¬ gan, “ Rock Spring Seminary ” in Illinois. Missionaries of the So¬ ciety are encouraged to devote special attention to these and similar interests. The first formal, special, educational step taken by the Executive Committee was in July, 1838, upon the arrival in New York city of “Brother William Rees and Brother James Johnston, of U] 3 per Can¬ ada, who had been deputed by the Upper Canada Baptist Conven¬ tion, to England, to solicit funds for the establishment of a literary and theological institution at Beamsville, in that Province. ” It is said, “ The Executive Committee, fully apprised of the great import¬ ance of supplying the Canadas with an intelligent and j^ious minis¬ try, which should be educated in that country, went into the consid¬ eration of the subject, to promote which the deputation had been sent to them. . . . The Committee entertained the subject of the deputation with peculiar interest; and Brother Charles G. Sommers, a member of the Executive Committee, was affectionatelv and earn- estly desired to associate himself with the deputation, as a represen¬ tative of the American Baptist Home Mission Society; believing that should the deputation be successful, it would secure the promotion of sound knowledge and pure religion in the British dependencies of North America. Brother Sommers complied with the solicitation of the committee, and the deputation embarked for England,”—where they were cordially received. In September, 1850, it is announced that “the Rev. GeorgeChand- 534 HISTORICAL SKETCH. ler, late President of Franklin College, Indiana, lias been appointed a inissionarv of tlie American Baptist Home ^Mission Society for Ore¬ gon, President Chandler’s high standing, experience and success as the presiding officer of a collegiate institution for several A'ears, justify encouraging expectations for the Oregon City College, with which he will probably become identified after his arrival in that Territory.’" This was the institution which the first missionary to Oregon, Rev. Ezra Fisher, had been instmmental in starting in 1849, and about which he frequently wrote. Dr. Chandler continued under the appoint¬ ment of the Societ}" to devote his attention chiefly to educational matters until 18.13, when Rev. J. D. Post was appointed his successor. In 1852 “two missionaries, teachers in Oregon College,” are men¬ tioned. Rev. Ezra Fisher, in 1854, while “ deploring the lack of min¬ isterial talent and the almost entire destitution of Baptist preaching* in most of our important towns,” looked with hope to the institution for future qualified ministers. But the homestead law, about this time, attracted the population of towns into the rural districts, and so broke up the plans that had been formed. In 1850, the Board call for married female teachers for New Mex¬ ico, where Rev. Mr. Read and others aim to gather the children into Christian schools. The call is repeated in subsequent years, and doubtless in A*iew of this need, the Society, in 1853, emphatically “ authorizes the Board so to interpret the second article of the con¬ stitution that they may raise and appropriate funds for the support of Christian teachers in those places where the interests of religion shall require it.” In 1854, the Society ask for about $2,000, desig¬ nated by the donors for educational purposes. ]Manv of the academies and colleges of the West have been in- ty O debted to the Society’s missionaries for their establishment. The educational work of the Society among the Freedmen and the In¬ dians since 1802 is so well known and has been so fully described that little further need be said concerning it. In 1803, the Board call for “ assistants to our missionaries in the South, to engage in such instruction of the colored people as will enable them to read the Bible and to become self-supporting and self-directing churches.” In 1805, the Society’s policy concerning the Freedmen is definitely adopted, and its great work of Christian education begun. Among the Chinese, also, mission schools have been supported. In 1882, the Board announce their purpose, if the Society approve, to establish Christian schools in connection with their missionary work in Utah, in the Southwest, including Mexico, by the application of money from GENERAL REVIEW. 535 tlie general fund to tins object. The Society adopt the report of the committee on this subject, who say “that the advantage of schools for the training of the young, as an adjunct to the work of evangeli¬ zation, has been so completely demonstrated by the ex^^erience of all mission work abroad, that it is no longer an open question, why may not the same adjunct be used to advantage at home ? Schools are the stronghold of Jesuitism in New Mexico. Their neglect is the weakness of Protestantism. Your committee recommend that the Society approve of the plan of the Board to enter upon the wmi’k of founding such schools, as far as this can be done in justice to other work akeady in hand.” The approval and support by the Society of the Indian University in the Indian Territory must also be taken in to the account. Thus, in the absence of any general educational society of Ameri¬ can Baptists, to plant and foster Christian educational institutions in the newer portions of our country and among the ignorant and de¬ graded, the American Baptist Home Mission Society has been en¬ trusted with the duty, to some extent, of providing for the wants of these sections, in connection with its missionary operations; until in time a constituency shall be raised up for their support. The direct and indirect influence of the Society in this respect, long continued, has been an important factor in fashioning the character of the de¬ nomination in many portions of the country. Church Edifice Work .—The value to religion, and to denominational interests in particular, of the church edifice work of the Society can be but imperfectly understood, save by those who have been mem¬ bers of a young and struggling church in a newly settled community where financial resources are small, where rates of interest are hiofh, and where the ruling purpose is to get on in the world. The un¬ sheltered church, meeting wherever it may, by permission of the au¬ thorities or of individuals, is always in a depressed and dependent condition, and conscious that the community considers its survival as questionable. The hopelessness of securing a house of worship by its own unaided endeavors has a disheartening effect upon all its re¬ ligious plans and efforts. In such circumstances the stimulus im¬ parted to the church by timely aid, from the Church Edifice Fund, of a few hundred dollars for a chapel is simply wonderful. It com¬ pacts the organization in their hoi^eful attempt to build a house unto the Lord. It thus gains a permanent foothold, and from the mo¬ ment it enters its own new house of worship it takes on a character 536 HISTORICAL SKETCH. as one of the established institutions of the place and begins to com¬ mand as never liefore the respect of the peoj^le. The people turn from the despised company of worshipers who meet in some dingy hall or in the contracted apartments of a private residence, prefer¬ ring most naturally the pleasanter place afforded by the house of wor¬ ship of another organization. The dignity of a denomination in the community is greatly enhanced b}' its own proper place of worship, and, by affording a stated place for public worship, for the prayer meeting, for the Sunday-school, the church is for the first time in a position to work effectively for souls. The lament of many young and houseless churches is that when there is a growing religious in¬ terest, which, if properly followed up by consecutive meetings in a stated place of worship, would doubtless result in the conversion of main", nothing comes of it because of the lack of a suitable place for such meetings. Still further, power is imparted to the preaching of the Gospel, when the preacher, untrammeled, occupies his own pul¬ pit. So the church, in its own house, has a ralljdng place for its great work. A house also often holds together a church which, with¬ out it, would fall to pieces. It appears that nine chuiches without houses become extinct, where one church with a house loses its visi¬ bility". No argument, therefore, is needed to show that the conserv¬ ing and stimulating influence of this church edifice work is beyond all estimate; and that the effective preaching of the Gospel and the upbuilding of strong Christian churches has been greatly promoted by the Society through its efforts in this respect; and that no more important work devolves upon the Baptist denomination than to aid the two thousand five hundred houseless Baptist churches of the land to secure for themselves, as quickly as possible, chapels in which they may peacefully worship God and prosper in their work. Development of the MiHuionary Sjnrit .—The influence of the Society in the development of the missionary spirit in the denomination de¬ serves attention. In common with other organizations in the older States of the East, the Society" by its agencies and district secretary¬ ships, as well as by its publications, has done much in awakening the denomination to its duty". As Paul rehearsed to the church at Je¬ rusalem what God was doing elsewhere, so do district secretaries rehearse the stoiy of the Gospel’s fiiumphs in our own land. They" are for the development of the grace of benevolence in the churches. They aim to secure systematic contributions from all the churches, and so impart breadth of view and of sympathy" to God’s people, GENERAL REVIEW. 537 awakening- tliem to give, as well as to pray, for the coming of Ris kingdom. But the development of this spirit in the churches planted and fostered through the Society’s agency, is the particular thing to -which attention is called. The Society has a definite and avowed policy concerning this matter. Every missionary is expected and enjoined earnestly to advocate in the church he serves the broadest benevolence and to secure contiibutions for the great benevolent or missionary enterprises of the time. The Society is set for the propagation of the Gospel so that mis¬ sionary churches of the New Testament type shall be the result. The aim is to raise up the right kind of churches, whose early training in benevolence will be so thorough that when they grow older and stronger they shall not depart from it. Hence all churches aided by the Society are called upon to make regular contributions to the mis¬ sionary work of the denomination at home and abroad. The com¬ mission issued to each missionary contains a printed communication from the Board to the churches on this subject, and makes it a con¬ dition of the appointment that it be read by the pastor to the churches for their concui’rence and formal action. In this commun¬ ication it is said that “ the donors of funds to the treasury of this Society, and the Executive Board of the Society in the administra¬ tion of the trust committed to them, have for a distinct aim the building up of churches, which shall be united with the Baptist denomination by spuitual sympathy and by active co-operation in evangelizing labors; and, in addition to regular offerings for Home Missions, they urge apon the churches a like interest in all the forms of home evangelization and of foreign missionary labor in which the denomination is engaged, and a like regular and liberal contribution to the other societies of the denomination, so that in the years of their greater strength they may find themselves trained to habits of giving of their substance for the conversion of the world. ” Thus, churches planted by the instrumentality of the Society are not “ like single seedless trees set down in this great region, which never increase,” but rather, like “ Banyan trees, which, from their very nature, reach down their branches until every tree becomes a forest.” They are reproductive institutions from the first. The words of the veteran foreign missionary. Dr. Dean, to Rev. Thomas Powell, the pioneer home missionary in Illinois, are verified by ac- ual results: “Brother PoweU, you are opening fountains and 34 538 HISTORUCAL SKETCH. streams which will flow forth to refresh and benefit the foreign field; and as long as you are prospered in vour labors here, we shall not be left to fail abroad.” In 1831 the sum total of "Western contributions to foreign missions Avas $G0.50 ! In 1881 nearly $50,000 were given to foreign missions by the churches in these Western States and Ter¬ ritories ; about as much more for home missions, besides about as much more for local and State missions. Now it is not claimed, by any means, that this Society has been the sole agency in seciu’ing these results; but, rather, that they are very largely due to its insistence in the matter of Christian benevo- c/ CJ lence for the past fifty years. Daring the year ending May, 1882, the missionaries of the Society report the amount of benevolent con¬ tributions of the churches under their immediate care at $14,272.01. Let it be clearly understood that this amount was j^aid, exclusively by young and feeble churches at the very time they were themselves recipients of missionary benevolence. Of the Society’s influence in these respects a thoughtful writer in 1849 said: “It has been the means of awakening a missionary spirit among our churches. Fifteen yeai’s ago, in more than three-fourths of the associations in this State [Indiana] it would cost any preacher his reputation, as it actually did some, to advocate openly the cause of missions. There was a very general hostility to the subject in our churches.” Then, referring to the change and duly recognizing the influence of some who were not missionaries of the Society, he says, “ This great change is to be attributed principally to the agency of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, whose missionaries have been the principal agents in effecting this happy revolution.” Similar testimonies might be largely multiplied. These things are said not to glorify the Society, but to give Amer¬ ican Baptists some conception of the good their offerings have wrought through it in the development of the missionary spirit in the regions where its chief work has been done. As we consider the tenacity of error when once rooted, and its blighting influence on the churches as illustrated by the old anti-mission spirit, and then, as we consider the power for good or for evil that is to inhere in the churches of the West a century hence, we can but thank God for an agency whose steady and loving discipline of the young churches of the present contains in it the promise of great things for the king¬ dom of Christ in days to come ;—for this timely tillage in the West to-dav will hereafter yield large resources to furnish the bread of life to the hungering millions of heathendom. GENERAL REVIEW. 539 General Spiritual Results .—Wliat lias been accomplished by the offerings of Christians through the medium of the American Baptist Home Mission Societ}^, cannot properly be represented by figures, for spiritual power and spiritual results are too subtle to be ascertained by arithmetical computations. Suppose a man preaching the Gospel from the beginning of the inhabited world until now; each year preaching 130 sermons, conducting 70 prayer meetings, making 300 religious vis¬ its, and performing an immense amount of other labor in distributing the Scriptures and in organizing the people for effective work—the aggregate of this yearly labor for six thousand years would repre¬ sent, so far as figures can show it, the expenditure of spiritual and intellectual energy by the missionaries of this Society during the fifty years of its history. Suppose again that each year, for these six thousand years, this preacher had baptized fourteen persons, and that once in about two years he had organized a new church—the aggregate would be equal to the 2,840 churches organized and the 87,937 persons baptized by the missionaries of the Society in these fifty years. The number of persons baptized in proportion to the number of prayer meetings held, is about as one to five, and to the number of sermons preached as one to nine. Impressive as these statistics are, yet they are but the dry bones, which by the refined Christian imagination need to be clothed upon with flesh and blood, with nerve and sinew, and within which must be perceived the minds and hearts and wills of a great multitude in consecrated activity for the souls of men and the honor of Christ; and larger multitudes wrought upon by those thus engaged during these six thousand years. The direct and indirect effect of these labors, chiefly in new communities, among the worldly, the formalists, the godless, the pagans, cannot be told. Individuals, homes, society, the State, the general interests of morality, good order and religion have felt the sanctified influence of these labors. Voices of pioneer mis¬ sionaries have been heard in the wilderness of this continent calling' upon men to repent and jirepare the way of the Lord. Others have followed to plant the churches, and others to water what was planted. But vain would be all these without the blessing of God, who gave the increase; to whom be the glory; in whom is our hope for days to come. Relation of Means to Results .—In the accomplishment of these results the Society has expended over $4,000,000. Taking into account the whole range of work, missionary, church edifice and educational; 540 HISTORICAL SKETCH. among the native white population, among the Welsh, the Germans, the French, the Swedes, the Danes, the Norwegians, the Mexicans, the Colored people, the Indians, the Chinese; we may ask where, for the same outlay of means, are gi’eater or more satisfactory results shown ? Those who have given largely and those who have given less may rejoice as patriots, as ])hilanthropists and as Christians at what God has been pleased to accomplish through their offerings. Those who have placed the bulk of their gifts, amounting in some instances to many thousands, for immediate service, have seen the gift transformed into institutions of learning, into edifices dedicated to the living God, and into spiritual churches, from which healing streams flow forth even to the ends of the earth. Many during theii’ lives have taken great satisfaction in the fruit already borne by the vines they were instrumental in planting; while those whose means to the extent of some $300,000 have been given in trust to the Society, the income to be applied perpetually to these ends, thus strengthen what has been begun, and leave after them, when called hence, a working capital to aid in converting North America, and through it the world, to Christ. ADDENDA, Periodicals oe the Society. In the Fall of 1832 the Executive Committee negotiate with the Bap¬ tist Repository for the publication of misisonary information, and arrange¬ ments are made early the ensuing year for the gratuitous insertion of such news. In 1834 Dr. Going becomes actively identified with the paper, and it is formally recognized by the Board as “the official organ of publication for this Society,” while under his control. The Quarterly Paper, an eight page sheet of the size of the Annual Report, is first issued February, 1838, under the direction of Secretary Crawford; suspended on account of his death in February, 1839; publication being resumed in 1840, and, “as a measure of retrenchment,” discontinued in 1841; missionary information being furnished through the denominational newspapers. No terms of subscription are an¬ nounced. Four thousand copies are circulated in 1840. In 1843 the Annual Report acknowledges the kindness of some newspapers that regularly publish missionary information sent them from the Rooms, while “others have occasionally obliged us in the same way;” and expresses the need of a medium for acknowledging receipts, which the weekly papers cannot do without great expense to the Society. The conviction deepens that a publica¬ tion by the Society, not only for the purpose mentioned but to give correspon¬ dence from missionaries, information concerning fields of labor and plans of operation of the Board, is a necessity, but not until 1849 is it done. In Sep¬ tember of this year The Home Mission Record is issued under the control of the Board, edited by the Corresponding Secretary, and distributed to subscrib¬ ers at merely nominal charges—single copies, 25 cents; 8 copies, $1; 36 copies, $3; 60 copies, $5. The sheet is four pages, 12 by 18 inches, and issued monthly. It has a circulation of 10,000 copies in 1850, and 13,000 in 1851. In October, 1853, it is enlarged to a four column sheet of 14 by 20 inches. Secretary Hill has general charge of its publication, though for a short time Rev. Henry Davis is appointed assistant for this purpose; being succeeded by Rev. J. R. Stone in 1852, under whose charge it remains till 1856, Dr. Hill being unable to conduct it in addition to his other duties. Rev. E. S. Davis is editor in 1857, followed by Rev. M. G. Hodge in 1858, his work being done in connection with his pas¬ torate in Brooklyn. In 1863, soon after the election of Secretary Backus, H. C. Fish, D.D., is appointed editor of the paper, and the name is changed to “ The Home Evan¬ gelist.” In 1864, 20,000 copies are published monthly. In March, 1866, its publication is suspended, and the Board return to the plan of giving infor¬ mation concerning the Society’s work through the religious press. This again proves unsatisfactory to many friends of the Society, who want some¬ thing more than the crumbs of missionary intelligence. Hence, in January, 542 EOOMS OF- THE SOCIETY. 18G7, arrangements having been made with the ilissionary Union, “The Mace- DONiAX AND Kecoed ” is issued, the first leaf containing intelligence concerning home missions, the second leaf concerning foreign missions. In three months an edition of 27,000 copies is printed. The Macedonian at the time of the union had been published twenty-five years. This arrangement continues until 1871, when “The Bible and Publication Societj^ ” of Philadelphia is admitted to an equal place in the paper. In November, 1872, the Executive Committee of the Missionary Union announce their decision to withdraw from the union and re¬ sume the publication of a separate organ in the interests of foreign missions. With the December number the paper ceases to represent the three Socie¬ ties; and the Home Mission Society announces its purpose again to issue its own paper, which appears in January, 1873, as The Home jMission IIeeald, a monthly eight page paper, 10 by 16 inches. It is edited for some time, in rotation, monthly, by the three secretaries. In the fall of 1874 the Board decide to dis¬ continue its publication with the December number, the reason stated being that the new law requiring prepayment of postage w'ould add largely to the ex¬ pense, already much beyond receipts. For about four years the religious pa¬ pers are paid for publishing missionarj' intelligence. The inconveniences and defects of this arrangement become again apparent, and early in 1878 the Board, after very careful investigation of the question, authorize the issue of a monthly magazine, the first number of which, conducted by Dr. Cutting, appears in May, 1878. The Baptist Home Mission Monthly thus begun, a quarto of 16 pages, is enlarged in 1879 to 20 pages, and under the direction of the present Secretary enlarged to 24 pages, with illustrations and a list of valuable contributors. It is published at 50 cents per copy; eight copies, $4.50; twenty copies, $8. That such a medium of communication between the Society and the sup¬ porters of the work is almost a necessity is shown by the demand for it and by the testimony of the treasurer of one of the oldest societies of another denomina¬ tion, that probably one-half of its large receipts are due to the monthly maga¬ zine issued by that society for more than fifty years. In 1865 the opinion is expressed by the Board that “ for every dime it costs, it brings dollars.” The present monthly edition is about 8,000 copies. Space is given in it also to the work of the Women’s Home Mission Societies. The Monthly, as a record of passing events and a repository of valuable contributions concerning the work of the Society and the characteristics of the field, is indispensable as an aid in maintaining the interest in home missions, while as a historical record its value will become greater with the passing years. Booms of the Society. For some time after the organiauition of the Society we find the Ex¬ ecutive Committee meeting at the house of its chairman. Dr. Maclay. In Nov., 1832, rooms are obtained in “Clinton Hall,” corner of Beekman and Nassau streets. In 1838 a change is made to 118 Nassau street ; in 1839 to 9 Spruce street. In 1842 the First Baptist Church having finished its new house of worship, in which rooms have been fitted up, and generously of¬ fered to the Society at a nominal rent, headquarters are removed thither, 54 Broome street, where they remain for eleven years. Among the Bap¬ tists of New York City the feeling had been strong for many years that ADDENDA. 543 a large building for denominational headquarters for all the societies should be erected. In 1853 an exciting discussion arises on the question of rooms for the Society. For a time it almost threatens to split the So¬ ciety. The occasion of this is a proposal from the American and Foreign Bible Society to occupy, as tenant, a part of their new building just completed in Nassau street. The measure is strenuously opposed not only by the representatives of the “ Bible Union” but by other friends of the Society, who think that the arrangement will be in many ways detrimental to the best interests of the Society. Accordingly, at the annual meeting in 1853* it is voted, “That the Board be authorized to raise a fund for the purchase of suitable rooms for the Society, at an expense not exceeding $40,000, at the earliest opportunity within two years.” It is also decided that a change of location is demanded in the interests of the Society. Measures are adopted with some prospect of success for raising this amount, when the movement is arrested, and all further action deferred, by the belief in some quarters that the legal necessities of the case were not covered by the Society’s resolution. At the meeting in 1854 the subject comes up afresh. Differences of opinion are revealed. Many think that too much money is locked up in buildings. Others advocate it. Still others advocate the acceptance of the Nassau street offer. Finally a resolution is adopted directing the Board to secure rooms in the building of the A. & F. B. Society, provided that they be had “on a durable lease, free of rent,” and provided furthermore that as advantageous terms can not elsewhere be obtained. This action is based on the fact that the building erected by the Baptists should be used free of rent for the Baptist Societies, as was the intent of the contributors. The drift of sentiment is toward acceptance of the rooms in Nassau street. Though in some quarters the measure meets strenuous opposition, the Board, in October, 1854, take the rooms free of rent. Friends of the Bible Union and others, regarding this arrangement as a sort of affiliation with the American and Foreign Bible Society, seriously contemplate the organization of a new Home Mission Society, and to this end call a convention in Chicago, in connec¬ tion with the anniversaries of some of the societies. May 14, 1855. But at the annual meeting of the Society in New York, May 9th, 1855, it is felt that the question of rooms for the Society’s business should not become the occasion of differences among brethren and a hindrance to the great work of home evangel¬ ization, and decided action is again taken favoring the purchase of a house for the Society’s purposes. This action, made known to the Chicago Convention a week later, induces the postponement of the formation of a new Society. The prospects for the new house brighten. Meanwhile the headquarters are tempo¬ rarily in Nassau street. In 1856 the committee appointed to raise $20,000 for the purchase of headquarters for the Society, report that after hard labor they have promise of barely $10,000, and ask instructions from the Society. After much discussion, it is decided that if a suitable location acceptable to all parties •cannot be obtained by January, 1857, nor a thoroughly equitable arrangement be made for occupancy of rooms in Nassau street, that the seat of the Society s operations should be transferred to some other city at the next anniversary. No independent location is secured by January. Attention is turned to the al¬ ternative measure. In April, 1857, the Board announce that “we deem the title 544 HISTORICAL SKETCH. vested in the Society by the lease of the rooms occupied by it in Nassau street is satisfactory,” The result is accepted as a final decision of the vexed question, and the Society’s headquarters continue at 115 Nassau street until the disastrous collapse of the building enterprise of the A. & F. B. Society in 1802, when they are removed to 132 Nassau street, where they remain until 1866; then transferred to 39 Park Row until 1871, then for one year to 239 Broadway; then in 1872 to 150 Nassau street; in 1879 to the Astor House offices; and in 1882 to “Temple Court,” corner of Beekman and Nassau streets, on the location of fifty years earlier, but in a building ten stories in height. CHARTER OF THE SOCIETY. The American Baptist Home Mission Society was originally incor¬ porated hy Act of the Legislature of the State of New Yoik, passed April 12, 1843. This charter was amended Feb. 9, 1849, and further amended April 30, 1877. In its present form the charter is as follows: § 1. All such persons as now are, or may hereafter become, members of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, formed in the City of New York, in the year one thousand eight hundred and thirty-two, shall be, and hereby are constituted a body corporate, by the name of “The American Baptist Home Mission Society,” for the purpose of promoting the preaching of the Gospel in North America. § 2. This Corporation shall be capable of taking, holding, or receiving any property, real or personal, by virtue of any devise or bequest contained in any last will and testament of any person whomsoever, the clear annual in¬ come of which devise or bequest shall not exceed ten thousand dollars , pro¬ vided, that every such bequest or devise shall be subject to the provisions of the act three hundred and sixty, of the laws of eighteen hundred and sixt>^ It shall be lawful for this Corporation to establish and maintain schools in connection with its missionary work among the colored poxDulation of the United States, now generally known as treedmen, and also among the In¬ dians of North America, and for that purpose to take and hold necessary real estate, and to receive, accumulate, and hold in trust endowment funds for the sux 3 j)ort of such schools, jorovided that the annual income of leal estate and endowment funds held for the use and maintenance of such schools shall not exceed fifty thousand dollars. The net annual income of the said Society arising from their real estate, other than that held for school puixioses, shall not exceed the sum of ten thousand dollars. i § 3. This Corporation shall xiossess the general powers and be subject to^ the provisions contained in title third of chax^ter eighteen of the first x^Q-it ot the Kevised Statutes, so far as the same are applicable and have not been re¬ pealed. § 4. This act shall take effect immediately. § 5. The Legislature may at any time modify or repeal this act. 545 COIsSTITUTIOK NAME. I. —This Society shall be called the American Baptist Home Mission Society. OBJECT. II. —The object of this Society shall be to promote the preaching of the Gospel in North America. MEMBERSHIP. III. —The Society shall be composed of Annual Delegates, Life Members, and Life Directors. Any Baptist Church, in union with the denomination, may apiJoint a delegate for an annual contribution of ten dollars, and an additional delegate for each additional thirty dollars. Thirty dollars shall be requisite to constitute a Memb^er for Life ; and one hundred dollars, paid at one time, or a sum which, in addition to any previous contribution, shall amount to one hundred dollars, shall be requisite to constitute a Director for Life. OFFICERS. IV. —The Officers of the Society shall be a President, two Vice-Presidents, a Treasurer, two Auditors, one or more Corresponding Secretaries, and a Recording Secretary. MANAGERS. V. —There shall be fifteen managers, also residing chiefiy in the City of New York, or its vicinity, who shall be divided by lot among themselves into three classes of five members each. The term of service of the first class shall expire in one year, that of the second class in two years, and that of the third class in three years. At each annual meeting of the Society, after the first election under this amended Constitution, one class only shall be elected for the term of three years, to the end that the third part of the whole number of the managers, as nearly as possible, may be annually chosen ; provided, however, that vacancies remaining in any class may be filled for the unexpired term of that class. The officers and managers shall be elected by ballot and continue to discharge their official duties until superseded by a new election. EXECUTIVE BOARD. VI. —The Treasurer, Auditors, Recording Secretaiy, and Managers of the Society shall con¬ stitute the Executive Board, to conduct the business of the Society, seven of whom shall be a quorum for that purpose. They shall have power to appoint their own meetings, elect their own Chairman and Recording Secretary, enact their own By-Laws and Rules of Order, pro¬ vided, always, that they be not inconsistent with this Constitution; fill all vacancies which may occur in their own body, or in the offices of the Society, during the year, and, if deemed necessary by two-thirds of the members, convene special meetings of the Society. They shall establish such agencies as the interest of the Society may require, appoint agents and mission¬ aries, fix their compensations, direct and instruct them concerning their particular fields and labors, make all appropriations to be paid out of the treasury, and present the Society, at each annual meeting, a full report of their proceedings during the current year. DESIGNATED FUNDS. VH.—All moneys or other property contributed and designated for any particular mission¬ ary field or purpose shall be so appropriated, or retumed to the donors or their lawful agents. TREASURER. VIII.—The Treasurer shall give bonds to such amount as the Executive Board shall think proper. ELIGIBILITY TO APPOINTMENT. IX. —All the Officers, Managers, Missionaries, and Agents of the Society shall be members in good standing in regular Baptist Churches. ANNUAL MEETING. X. —The Society shall meet annually for the election of Officers and Managers, and the transaction of other necessary business, at such time and place as the Executive Board shall appoint. ALTERATIONS TO THE CONSTITUTION. XI. —No alteration of this Constitution .shall be made without an affirmative vote of two- thirds of the members present at an annual meeting; nor unless the same shall have been pro¬ posed in writing, and the proposition sustained by a majority vote, at a previous annual meet¬ ing, or recommended by the Executive Board. 54G OFFICERS ARC MANAGERS, 1832 - 1882 . |1rcsi:bcnts. HON. THOMAS STOCKS, Meeting for Organization . 1832 HON. HEMAN LINCOLN.1832-1845 FRIEND HUMPHREY.1845-1847 HON. ISAAC DAVIS.1847-1855 HON. ALBERT DAY.1855-1858 HON. J. P. CROZER.1858-1860 J. E. SOUTHWORTH.1860-1861 HON. IRA HARRIS.1861-1862 HON. J. W. MERRILL. 1862-1864 M. B. ANDERSON, LL. D. 1864-1866 HON. J. M. HOYT.1866-1870 HON. WM. KELLY.1870-1871 HON. J. M. S. WILLIAMS..1871-1873 HON. S. A. CROZER.1873-1876 HON. ROBERT 0. FULLER.1876-1879 HON. WM. STICKNEY.1879-1881 HON. JAMES L. HOWARD...1881- Cornsjjonbhxg REV. JONATHAN GOING.1832-1837 REV. LUTHER CRAWFORD.1835-1839 REV. BENJ. M. HILL.1839-1862 REV. JAY S. BACKUS.1862-1874 REV. J. B. SIMMONS.1867-1874 REV. E. E. L. TAYLOR.1869-1874 NATHAN BISHOP, LL. ..1874-1876 REV. S. S. CUTTING. 1876-1879 REV. H. L. MOREHOUSE.1879- S^uastircrs* WILLIAM COLGATE.1832-1836 MARTIN W. RUNYON.1836-1848 CHAS. J. MARTIN.1848-1856 J. E. SOUTHWORTH.1856-1857 D. E. WHITMAN.1857-1858 EBENEZER CAULDWELL.1858-1871 WM. A. GELLATLY.1871-1873 JOSEPH B. HOYT.18^3- * For exact term of service see Historical Sketch. 547 IHcmbers of ^oartr. REV. ARCHIBALD MACLAY.1832-1839 •* SPENCER H. CONE.1832-1845 “ “ “ .1848-1855 “ CHARLES G. SOMMERS.1832-1848 DUNCAN DUNBAR.1832-1840 ! “ C. C. P. CROSBY.1832-1835, CHARLES L. ROBERTS.1832-1833 “ “ .1834-1838 NATHAN CASWELL.1832-1834 WILLIAM WINTERTON.1832-1842 ’ TIMOTHY R. GREENE.1832-1840 GEORGE W. HOUGHTON.1832-1836 REV. JONATHAN GOING.1832-1838 WILLIAM COLGATE.1832-1842 » “ .1845-1846 REV. WILLIAM R. WILLIAMS.1832-1843 EPHRAIM CORNING.1833-1834 I REV. L. HOWARD.1834-1837 JOHN BOWEN.1835-1836 i REV. GEORGE BENEDICT.1836-1848 JOHN A. MILLER. . .183(>-1842 REV. LUTHER CRAWFORD.1836-1839 ! “ JONH C. MURPHY.1836-1840 j RUNYON W. MARTIN.1836-1848 REV. JOHN DOWLING.1837-1839 “ ” " .1844-1850 “ “ “ .1861-1862 “ JOHN BLAIN.1837-1838 “ SILAS ILSLEY.1838-1842 “ JACOB H. BROUNER.1838-1847 1 ” AARON PERKINS.1839-1844 | JAMES H. TOWNSEND. 1839-1842 j JOHN R. LUDLOW.1839-1846 J REV. WILLIAM W. EVERTS.1840-1850 ROGER PEGG.1840-1842 REV. BENJ. M. HILL.1840-1846 “ “ “ .1849-1860 ' “ HORATIO LEONARD.1840-2nio “ JOSEPH J. COOKE.1841-1842 “ ELISHA TUCKER.1842-1848 “ ALONZO WHEELOCK.1842-1848 " JAMES L. HODGE.1842-1858 JOHN L. EVERITT.1842-1843 J. T. BERTINE.1842-1844 J. N. WWCKOFF.1842-1843 ' REV. DAVID BELLAMY.1842-1850 “ HENRY DAVIS.1843-1848 PETER BALEN. 1843-1844 JAMES APPLETON .1843-1848 REV. E. E. L. TAYLOR.1844-18:.4 “ “ 1855-1866 REV. EDWARD L.\THROP.1844-1855 “ “ “ .1860-1861 ■' “ .1863-1869 “ “ “ .1874- • ‘ JOHN T. SEELY.1846-1852 ABRAM DENIKE.1846-1847 DAVID A. BOKEE.1846-1849 REV. IRA R. STEWARD.1847-1855 REV. ALANSON P. MASON.1847-1850 CHARLES J. MARTIN.1848-1856 J. E. SOUTHWORTH.1848-1857 “ “ .1858-1860 A. B. CAP WELL.1848-1861 “ “ 1863-1880 REV. STEPHEN REMINGTON.1848-1852 JOHN DOWLEY.1848-1850 REV. B. T. WELCH.1849-1850 H. P. FREEMAN.1849-1852 “ “ .1856-1862 GARR.\T'N. BLEECKER.1849-1853 REV. E. L. MAGOON.1850-1854 “ “ “ .1855-1858 " H. J. EDDY.1850-1855 “ J. S. BACKUS.1850-1857 “ M. J. RHEES.1850-1853 LOOMIS BALLARD.1850-1861 REV. THOMAS ARMITAGE.1850-1851 “ “ “ 1853-1855 “ “ “ 1868-187.5 " ISAAC WESCOTT.1851-1855 “ J. W. TAGG.\RT..D-52-1855 “ A. D. GILLETTE.18.52-1855 “ “ “ .1857-1S60 “ HENRY DAVIS.18.52-1E53 “ J. R. STONE.1853-1855 ROBERT THOMPSON, JR.1853-1854 SMITH SHELDON.18.54-1861 “ •* 1862-1874 REV. H. C. FISH.18.54-1861 “ “ “ .186V-1877 D. M. WILSON.18.54-1855 “ <• .18.59-1873 WILLIAM PHELPS.1854-1855 .1862- SAMUEL COLG.\TE.18.55-1857 EBENFZER CAULD WELL.is.55-1871 C. W. THOMAS. .18.55-18.59 REV. :M. G. HODGE.1855-1861 “ O. S. STEARNS.18.55-18.56 RICHARD STOUT.1855-1.860 S. K. WIGHTMAN.18.55-1860 o48 REV. W. H. PARMLY.1855-1862 “ “ “ 1866-1867 “ “ “ .1870- “ E. T. HISCOX.1856-1857 “ “ “ 1861-1869 “ “ “ .1871- D. C. WHITMAN.1856-1858 J. B. PECK.1857-1865 Z. RING...1857-1860 REV. J. S. HOLME.1858-1864 “ A. H. BURLINGHAM.1858-1859 “ H. G. WESTON.1859-1868 F. S. MINER.1859-1862 JOHN M. BRUCE, JR.1860-1861 SAMUEL S. CONSTANT.1861-1862 *' “ .1869 — REV. D. J. YERKES.1861-1865 “ HOWARD OSGOOD.1861-1868 AVERY BILL, JR.1861-1866 J. G. WHIPPLE.1861-1866 REV. C. C. NORTON.1861-1867 JOHN B. DURBROW.1862-1863 REV. THOS. D. ANDERSON.1862-1880 JOHN M. DAVIES.1862-1865 REV. GEORGE E. HORR.1864-1866 NATHAN BISHOP. 1865-1874 “ 1877-1880 REV. DAVID MOORE.1865-1876 GEORGE B. DURFEE.1865-1867 REV. J. B. THOMAS.1866-1868 “ “ “ .1876- SAMUEL VERNON.1866-1869 REV. ROBERT LOWRY.1866-1870 J. Q. PREBLE.1867-1880 REV. W. T. DIXON.1867-1870 “ J. C. HASELHUHN.1867-1869 JACOB F. WYCKOFF.1868-1873 REV. WAYLAND HOYT.1868-1870 “ WILLIAM HAGUE.1869-1870 “ “ “ .1873-1875 “ L. A. GRIMES.1869-1873 “ J. D. FULTON ...1869-1878 “ W. T. GARNER.1870-1871 “ JOSEPH F. ELDER.1870- WILLIAM A. GELLATLY.1870-1873 JOSEPH B. HOYT.1872- REV. GALUSHA ANDERSON .1874-1876 EDWARD AUSTEN.1874-1876 REV. DAVID B. JUTTEN.1875- JOSEPH BROKAW.1875- WM. A. CAULDWELL.1875- REV. S. S. CUTTING.1876-5mo “ ALEX. MACFARLANE.1877-1879 ISAAC G. JOHNSON.1877-1880 REV. EMORY J. HAYNES.1878- JOHN H. DEANE.1878- REV. DANIEL READ.1879-1880 ‘ ‘ JOHN PEDDIE.1880-1882 “ ALBERT G. LAWSON.1880- BENJ. F. JUDSON.1880- JOHN F. PLUMMER.1880-1881 JOHN P. TOWNSEND.1880- WM. H. JAMESON.1881- REV. T. E. VASSAR.1881- 1 549 OFFICES OF THE SOCIETY AND EXECUTIVE BOjlRD. (iKfirers. President; Hon. JAMES L. HOWARD, Conn. Vice-Presidents: Hon. J. H. WALKER, Mass.; JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER, Esq., Ohio. Treasurer; JOSEPH B. HOYT. Esq., Conn. Auditors : WILLIAM PHELPS, Esq., N. Y. ; JOSEPH BROKAW, Esq., N. Y. Corresponding Secretary : HENRY L. MOREHOUSE. D. D., N. Y. Recording Secretary : Rev. D. B. JUTTEN, N. Y. glanugers. FIRST CLASS, Expiring in 1883. J. B. THOMAS, D. D., Brooklyn, N. Y. Rev. EMORY J. HAY'NES, Brooklyn, N. Y. JOHN PEDDIE, D. D., New York. B. F. JUDSON, Esq., New York. Rev. albert G. LAWSON, Brooklyn, N. Y. SECOND CLASS, Expiring in 1884. JOHN H. DEANE, Esq., New York WM. A. CAULDWELL. Esq., New York. E. T. HISCOX, D. D., Mt. Vernon,-N. Y. E. LATHROP, D. D., Staml'ord, Conn. T. E. VASSAR, D. D. Newark, N. J. THIRD CLASS, Expiring in 188S. W. H. PAR:MLY, D. D., Jersey Citv, N. J. J. F. ELDER, D. D., New York. S. S. CONSTANT, Esq., New York. W. H. JAMESON, Esq., Brooklyn. N. Y. J. P. TOWNSEND, Esq., New York. Chairman of the Executive Board : S. S. CONSTANT. Recording Secretary of the Board, and Assistant Treasurer Church Edifice Fund. J. GREENWOOD SNELLING. Assistant Treasurer : JAMES M. WHITEHEAD. Assistant Corresponding Secretary ; WILLIAM W. BLISS. .Stunbinq Committees. D. B. JUTIEN, JOHN PEDDIE. Finance. J. B. HOYT, JOHN H. DEANE, S. S. CONSTANT, WM. A. C.AULDWELL, JOSEPH BROKAW. Missions. E. T. HISCOX, J. F. ELDER, J. B. THOMAS, Education. EDWARD LATHROP, EMORY J. HAYNES, WM. H. JAMESON, Church Edifice. W. 11. PARMLY, WILLIAM PHELPS, ALBERT G. LAWSON, Advisory. S. S. CONSTANT. J. B. HOYT J. F. ELDER, J. P. TOWNSEND, T. E. VASSAR. B. F. JUDSON. JOS. BROKAW. H. L. MOREHOUSE. JOHN H. DEANE. 550 TABLE OF COMPAllATIVE KESULTS. SOCIETY’S YEAR. Contributions and Legacies. No. of Missionaries. Churches and Stations Supplied. Baptisms Reported. Churches | Organized 1 Years of Labor. 1—1832-33 $6,586 73 50 400 23 2—1833-34 7,776 52 62 1,600 40 55 3—1834-35 8,663 84 79 1,200 60 68 4-1835-36 16,910 85 96 300 1,040 96 79 5—1836-37 12,361 66 103 247 873 33 89 6-1837-38 13,437 81 105 237 1,431 29 81 7—1838-39 15,345 05 115 1,058 24 88 8-1839-40 17,334 29 87 761 24 62 9-1840-41 10,779 09l 71 300 1,134 59 45 10—1841-42 12,506 92 93 325 1,495 36 68 11-1842-43 11,806 51 85 304 1,489 50 63 12—1843-44 13,401 76 73 249 1,127 29 46 13-1844-45 18,675 68 97 327 818 51 62 14—1845-46 15,727 73 98 472 992 33 71 15-1846-47 18,161 50 136 505 490 29 84 16-1847-48 20,068 73 151 558 694 35 105 17-1848-49 20,876 64 128 453 774 45 92 18-1849-50 25,201 09 110 338 949 33 81 19—1850-51 29,648 28 132 386 981 33 98 20—1851 52 38,114 16 141 380 1,187 46 99 21-1852-53 42,872 01 164 500 1,025 59 116 22—1853-54 56,381 08 175 612 1,322 67 137 23—1854-55 55,545 40 169 481 1,026 oo 128 24—1855-56 47,928 54 113 196 642 21 87 25—1856-57 43,361 76 88 211 336 24 64 26—1857-58 41,707 82 97 247 593 27 77 27-1858-59 43,525 92 106 269 764 53 85 28-1859-60 55,749 50 128 358 496 50 96 29-1860-61 44.678 67 131 371 867 71 109 30-1861-62 31,144 28 84 252 473 30 71 31-1862-63 32,095 30 87 215 501 17 55 32-1863-64 56,090 00 147 372 892 36 83 33-1864-65 94,403 17 227 429 2,141 57 130 34-1865-66 105,936 25 312 378 4,151 89 158 35-1866-67 144,184 46 391 406 7,236 132 233 36-1867-68 139,060 44 326 352 6,712 106 207 37—1868-69 130,877 23 266 301 4,424 64 183 38-1869-70 177,878 90 301 321 3,840 70 184 39—1870 -71 197,071 30 338 491 4,038 90 195 40-1871-72 186,251 29 414 500 6,029 160 259 41-1872-73 210,660 07 435 484 1 4,910 166 278 42—1873- 74 221,272 97 329 362 2,264 113 187 43-1874-75 198,343 98 324 358 2,100 92 198 44-1875-76 177,876 62 254 360 2,036 65 159 45-1876-77 159,032 94 225 256 1,581 60 163 46—1877-78 126,463 91 213 250 1,834 36 149 47—1878-79 115,083 38 238 274 1,172 42 157 48-1879-80 122,419 21 277 836 1,160 67 175 49-1880-81 193,373 24 1 390 1,202 1,304 61 236 50-1881-82 311,918 38 512 1 1,460 1,675 75 318 Totals . $3,896,572 86 1 87,937 2,840 1 6,136 551 REVISED MISSIONARY TABLE SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION SOCIETY’S YEAR. d HH HH 55 > d a: M /V* l-H c 0 0 "A 'A Penn. a b^ d d d > >> A Tenn. d A 1 S. C. j [ d 0 J d C 1 d oc g Ark. 1 Tex. 0 1_1832-33 6 2 1 1 ’1 1 1 .. 12 2-1833-34 i 4 3 i 1 , , 16 3-1834-35 , , 1 3 5 • • ,, i i 2 2 . • 13 4-1835-36 i 1 1 2 5 2 2 5 , , 20 5-1836-37 2 1 3 1 0 1 . 1 i 1 1 .. 2 • . 21 0-1837-38 1 2 2 1 2 . 2 1 i 1 5 a 15 7-1838-39 i 2 1 2 2 1 1 4 1 1 8 • 17 8-1839-40 2 1 2 1 1 3 .. 1 i 4 . 12 9-1840-41 i , 1 1 2 2 2 1 .. , 1 0 2 11 10-1841-42 1 , 1 2 5 2 2 2 2 1 2 ,. 2 2 9 11-1842-43 1 . 1 2 4 2 1 2 2 i 1 2 1 2 2 6 12—1843-44 ,, 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 4 13-1844-45 1 1 2 i 1 2 3 2 3 1 2 1 a 14—1845-46 2 . 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 f 2_ 1 a * 15—184f.-47 1 1 5 2 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 16—1847-48 1 1 7 2 1 1 1 2 1 3 2 3 17-1848-49 1 1 .. 6 2 1 2 • 2 1 4 18—1849-50 • • 1 1 6 1 1 1 2 19-1850-51 1 3 * ^ 1 ,, 2 20-1851-52 1 2 1 3 21—1852-.53 • 3 2 .. 2 22—1853-54 1 6 2 9 23—18.54-55 1 7 1 7 24—185.5-56 .. 2 4 8 25—1856-57 1 1 4 26—1857-58 1 . t 1 1 3 27—1858-59 1 1 1 4 28—1859-60 1 1 3 29—1860-61 1 1 1 30-1861-62 1 1 a , 31-1862-63 , , ,, 4 a . 32—1863-64 1 .. 1 1 i 5 2 i 5 i 6 i 1 33—1864-65 2 2 1 .. 1 17 6 1 13 1 8 2 1 i 2 34—1865-66 5 .. 4 2 10 55 10 1 15 5 6 6 i i 2 2 1 1 35—1866-67 3 • • 5 3 12 56 12 . . 14 10 5 3 2 3 3 3 3. 36—1867-68 3 5 4 4 29 7 1 10 9 7 6 1 3 1 2 4 37—1868-69 25 5 4 6 24 6 2 11 5 8 8 3 1 2 1 2 0 38—1869-70 i 36 1 3 li 9 28 5 1 12 4 6 16 4 1 3 1 1 39—1870-71 2 37 5 2 8 6 36 2 1 9 4 9 8 7 1 3 2 3 1 40—1871-72 3 i 48 4 4 , , 3 37 5 1 7 16 11 7 6 4 2 4 2 2 41—1872-73 3 2 59 1 5 3 3 34 4 1 7 22 9 5 3 4 1 6 1 2 42—1873-74 2 3 i 63 1 5 3 , , 3| 9 1 3 3 7 4 3 1 2 3 1 2 43—1874-75 4 2 43 1 3 3 1 10 1 1 5 6 4 3 2 2 1 5 2 1 44—1875-76 i 1 3 2 6 1 5 5 1 3 8 1 6 7 i 6 2 1 1 5 2 3 4.5—1876-77 1 1 3, .. 2 4 2 7 2 1 3j 6, 2 2I 18 ID 5 7 1 2 10 1 1 46—1877-78 1 1 3 .. 2 5 1 5 2 , , 3 6 2' 2 9 7 6 9 1 3 2 6 1 47—1878-79 1 1 3| .. 3 3 1 5 2 4 7 2 1 15 9, 6 7 1 1 6 5 1 48—1879-80 ii 2 4 4 4 6 2 , , 4' 6! 2 1 10 8 6 9 1 5 4 1 2 49—1880-81 1 1 4 3 4 5 2 1 6l 8‘ 2 1 12 11, 10 i 9 3 4 7 7 4 50—1881-82 2' 1 5 3 4 2 7 3 1 9' 8‘ 3 2 9 12 12 14 6 7‘ 7 6 24 Notes on Above Table. —This table does not inchide General Officers, District Secretaries, or Collecting Agents. Missionaries of auxiliary bodies are omitted, and also all tho.se who received appointments but did not actually render and report service. In the Eiistern, Middle, and older Southern States, the missionary operations of Baptists among the white English-speaking population have been conducted almost wholly by the State Conventions, This has been true also for many years in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, and Michigan. The exceptions to this rule occur between 1864 and 1874, during portions of which time the Society was in co-operation with New York, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, and Michigan, and also with Wisconsin, Kansas, Nebraska, California, and Florida. Since 1878 co-operation has been resumed with several of the newer States, so that, in 1882, the Conventions of Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, Wisconsin, California, North Pacific Coast, Texas, and Arkansas are in general co-operation with the Society. 552 F I, ■ I ' r I I )F MISSIONARIES AND TEACHERS BY STATES FOR EACH YEAR. 1 Incl. 1 s Mo. Mich. QQ •rH ►H Minn. Kas. Neb. 6 r- ^ 5 H a l-H Dak. Mon. s 6 Utah. N. Mex. Ariz. Nev. Cal. o Wash. Can. 1 Mex, 1 New Granada. Total. 1 SOCIETY’S YEAR. 5 9 7 3 k 1 50 1832-33— 1 .12 9 9 6 • H 1 62 1833-34— 2 113 16 8 11 3 79 1834-35— 3 .10 19 10 14 4 96 1835-36— 4 11 23 7 15 1 i 8 ,, 103 1836-37— 5 11 21 12 12 1 1 14 ,, 105 1837-38— 6 10 23 13 10 1 2 15 ,, 115 1838-39— 7 11 16 11 5 2 3 11 ,, 87 1839-40— 8 .10 11 6 6 2 2 *8 71 1840-41— 9 11 15 8 9 3 6 8 93 1841-42—10 8 11 8 9 6 7 6 85 1842-43—11 7 11 7 9 6 8 2 ,, 73 1843-44—12 14 19 7 11 11 10 2 1 ,, 97 1844-45—13 14 23 6 7 13 11 2 5 ,, 98 1845-46—14 20 32 5 8 20 10 2 17 ,, 136 1846-47—15 19 30 4 21 19 12 2 19 151 1847-48—16 14 24 1 28 12 13 1 3 12 128 1848-49—17 8 22 18 13 14 2 1 1 2 16 ,, 110 1849-50—18 14 32 i 18 21 14 3 1 3 3 15 132 18.50-51—19 20 36 13 24 19 3 3 1 4 11 141 1851-52—20 35 33 9 36 22 4 4 3 3 8 164 1852-53—21 28 34 8 35 23 8 4 4 4 9 175 1853-54—22 22 29 7 38 21 10 2 6 4 4 10 ,, 169 18.54-55—23 10 17 5 25 12 7 2 5 4 3 8 ,, 1 113 185.)-56—24 11 8 5 17 10 12 2 3 4 3 6 ,, 1 88 11856-57—25 12 6 5 14 17 15 4 3 7 3 4 1 97 ! 1857-58—26 7 3 6 18 20 21 4 4 8 2 6 106 118.58-59—27 9 3 5 20 27 30 6 4 7 4 7 1 128 1859-60—28 8 4 3 23 25 31 11 4 7 4 i 6 ,, 1 131 1860-61—29 4 1 1 12 18 25 9 3 6 2 1 84 1861-62—30 3 7 i 3 8 16 22 10 4 4 1 1 i ,, 87 1862-63—31 10 21 5 6 12 21 23 11 4 2 2 1 1 2 147 : 1863-64—32 15 21 6 10 24 34 22 14 3 2 2 i 2 2 7 4 ,, .... 227 1864-65—33 12 16 24 7 35 35 18 13 6 2 1 1 3 1 7 4 . . 1 312 1865-66—34 17 55 36 25 36 32 22 14 9 2 3 1 1 3 3 ,, 391 1866-67—35 22 15 35 36 SI 26 20 14 9 3 9 1 5 3 1 326 1867-68—36 16 10 17 27 21 13 16 8 5 2 8 7 2 , 266 1868-69—37 5 20 14 25 24 10 21 8 6 4 7 12 2 , .... 301 1869-70—38 4 38 7 24 22 8 19 16 19 6 7 . . 1 . . i 14 2 i 1 3 338 1870-71—39 6 47 14 18 23 15 31 22 22 5 5 4 1 2 i 19 5 2 1 4 • • • « 414 1871-72—40 4 37 15 20 28 16 33 27 32 9 6 6 1 2 12 7 1 1 3 • • • • 435 1872-73—41 2 37 5 20 15 7 35 24 26 9 6 5i .. 2 8 5 2 1 329 1873-74—42 4 24 8 16 9 11 29 38 35 11 5 10| .. i 2 i 8 3 1 4 1 • • • • 324 1874-75—43 5 7 12 5 7 8 25 33 28 9 10 9i .. 1 2 2 6 2 1 3 1 » • • • 254 1875-76—44 3 2 7 4 6 4 20 17 34 8 12 8i .. 1 4 5 2 2 3 1 • • • • 225 1876-77-45 4 2 5 4 3 6 26 17 30 8i 12 6 .. 1 2 5 3 2 , • « • • 213 1877-78—46 4 2 7 4 4 9 35 21 26 5 18 5 .. 1 6 5 3 , « • • • 238 1878-79—47 2 2 7 4 7 23 321 36 32 5 18 11 .. i 1 8 4 2 , , 277 1879-80—48 2 13 6 4 15 38 3‘2 68 3i. <) 18 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 13 q 3 390 1880-81—49 1 20 5 3 24 60 36 63 0‘± 43 11 25 23 2 3 1 1 2 2 2 15 15 5 1 2 .... 512 1881-82—50 Operations in the Soutli were discontinned on the organization of the Southern Baptist Convention in 1845. They were resumed in 1862, since which time they have been chiefly among the Freedmen, and are largely educational. The decrease of laborers among the Freedmen after 1873, is largely accounted for by _ the fact that students weie no longer commissioned as teachers and missionaries during their summer va¬ cations. Wisconsin was organized as a Territory in 1836 and received its fir.st missionary in the same year. Iowa ^received its first missionary in 1837, it then being included in Wisconsin Territory. The first appointment to Texas dates from November, 1840. Oregon is first reached by two missionaries, after a toilsome overland journey of many months, in 1845. California is first occupied in 1849, and Minnesota and New Mexico in the same year. The Grand Ligne Mission in Canada was sustained from 1849 to 1800. (35) 553 DENO:\riNATIONAL GKOWTH States and Territories. Churches in 1770. Number in 1784. Number in 1792. 1 Number in 1812. 1 Number in 1S32. I ' Number in 1 t£ O Mem. X O § Mem. 03 o 1 d 1 S Mem, 1 1 • ’ 5 \ u r=i Mem. X y S <5 Maine. 10 10 5 400 15 21 882 103 83 5,294 222 168 15,000 261 214 N. Hampshire 11 24 12 1,000 32 40 1,732 69 48 4,940 ! 96 78 6,705 103 101 Vermont. 1 10 5 300 34 36 1,610 76 50 5,185 125 87 10,525 135 98 Massachusetts 12 67 50 4,500 82 105 6,234 91 81 8.104 1 189 220 20,200 213 193 Khode Island.. 0 24 26 2,000 38 45 3,502 26 31 3,033 ; 20 20 3,271 39 40 Connecticut.. 11 28 18 1,500 55 65 3,214 65 54 5,716 1 92 97 10,039 103 106 New York .... 7 11 16 704 62 83 3,987 239 157 18,499 : 605 545 60 006 775 782 New Jersey... 15 22 24 1,875 26 29 2.279 35 26 2,811 61 60 3,981! 73 82 Pennsylvania. 7 23 20 956 31 33 1,350 63 67 4,365 ; 157 121 11,103 248 IM Delaware. 1 6 8 307 7 10 409 6 4 480 9 5 420 9 4 Maryland. 10 8 596 13 11 776 14 9 697 ! 34 23 1,341 44 25 Virginia___ 1 551 136 14,9()0 218 261 20,443 292 286 35 6()5 435 2()1 54.302 512 361 N. Carolina... 9 42 47 3,276 94 154 7,503 204 217 12,567 332 211 18.918| 511 2;13 S. Carolina_ 0 27 28 1.620 70 77 4,167 154 95 11,821 273 198 28,496 371 1.89 Georgia. .... 6 10 428 42 72 3,211 163 109 14,761 509 225 38,3vS2' 672 319 Kentucky.... 4 5 309 42 61 3,095 285 183 22,694 ! 484 258 34,124 72:1 380 Tennessee .... 6 7 370 18 21 889 156 125 11,326 413 243 20,472 653 4.52 Ohio.. •2 2 0*2 60 40 2,400 280 166 10493 484 308 Indiana. 29 22 1,376 299 201 11,334 417 260 Illinois. 7 8 153 161 123 4,6221 348 254 Missouri . 7 7 192 146 93 4,972' 279 160 Mississippi ... 17 11 764 ■ 84 39 3’l99 119 54 Louisiana . 3 2 130 I 16 13 728 30 1 ^ Alabama . 250 145 11 445' 508 306 Arkansas. 17 5 181 34 25 Michigan. 1 ' 17 13 667 75 52 Dist.Columbia 5 4 533 4 5 Wisconsin.... i 15 11 Iowa. 12 8 Florida. ! 17 8 Texas . 1 California .... Oregon . . 1 • Ind.Terri torj'. • 1 Minnesota. ... . i ’ Kansas .. 1 Nebraska . 1 New IMexico Colorado . Washington .. . . ' 1 1 • West Virginia. 1 Dakota. i:;::: Wvominti .... 1 Idaho. Montana. .1 Nevada . • Arizona. 1 Utah. 1 Totals in U.S 97 871 424 35,101 i 881 1.126! 65,345 2,164 1,705 172.972 5,331 3,622 385,4.59 7,787 5,217 The latest statistics give, in British America, 735 Baptist churches, 499 ministers, and 04,843 membei’s ; in Mex¬ ico, 9 churches, 5 ministers, and 208 members ; in the West Indies, 165 churches, 94 ministers, and 33,420 members, making a total in North America of 27,748 churches, 17,685 ministers, and 2,497,578 members. 554 IN NORTH AMERICA ‘ 1840. Number in 1851. 1 . Number in 1860. Number in 1870. Number in 1882. 1 j Population 1 in 1880. 1 j States. Mem. CQ a Min. Mem. O Min. Mem. Chs. 1 Min. 1 Mem, Chs. 1 Min. Mem. 20.490 237 226 19,775 277 183 21,380 260 167 18,910 255 168 20.247 648,936 Me. 9,557 96 85 8,089 93 78 8.359 86 85 8.126 80 93 8,942 346.991 N. H. 11.101 105 97 7.999 110 95 8 097 112 86 8,507 115 73 9,628 332.286 Vt. 26,311 249 382 31,652 268 289 36,518 268 211 45 047 290 1 348 49,211 1,783,085 Mass. 5,962 51 60 7,406 51 61 9,015 58 78 9,483 62 1 76 10.917 276,531 R. I. 11,725 115 149 16,355 119 117 18,273 112 117 18,881 119 123 20.711 622,700 Conn. 79,155 813 866 85,923 839 784 92,873 • 839 728 100.616 871 ! 797 : 113,777 5,082.871 N. Y. 9.008 106 121 13,856 120 135 16 911 148 186 24,508 179 194 32,638 1,131,116 N. J. 21,082 332 297 30.053 385 288 37,278 493 336 57,802 554 450 63,974 4,282 891 Penn. 326 2 3 337 3 4 426 7 5 782 11 11 2,208 146,608 Del. 2,390 32 26 3,438 34 30 4 143 38 28 5,544 50 42 9 353 9.34,943 Md. 64,5001 608 373 89,929 761 412 107.263 948 591 122,120 1.371 792 210,088 1..512.565 Va. 29,3301 599 374 42.674 692 374 59,778 1,235 583 89,240 2,030 1,175 205,534 1 399,750 N. C. 34,704 i 437 284 45,296 469 285 61,965 681 391 72.258 1,233 740 151,121 995,577 S. C. 48.3021 847 613 65 231 996 586 84.022 1,856 1,009 134.337 2,877 1,724 241,462 1 .542.180 Ga. 61,042 797 498 69,098 345 372 81 262 982 673 89,507 1,5.39 813 164,716 1,()48,690 Ky. 32,000 496 422 87,281 663 386 46.397 837 642 77,389 1,360 879 112,465 1.542,059 Tenn 2h850 448 326 24,693 504 376 31,819: 534 305 39,729 610 467 .50,105 3,198,0()2 Ohio. 16,234 451 287 22.119 495 256 28,038 506 333 35,061 543 375 40,864 1.978,301 Ind. 11,01«| 378 355 19,259 496 336 30.504, 980 585 61,168 897 799 67,.542 3,077,871 Ill. 10,9581 439 297 24,206 713 401 42,080 1,184 704 69,904 1,491 922 90,.542 2 168,380 Mo. 7,837| 475 305 30,112 696 305 41.482 895 448 62 413 1.795 947 133,930 1.131.,597 Miss. 9321 114 69 4,473 212 109 10,331 374 227 30.765 781 472 58,578 939,946 TjHi, 30,182! 579 358 21,482 807 415 60,231 1,054 519 59,109 1,720 873 171,822 1,262,.505 Ala. 810} i 129 99 4,483 301 145 10,974 539 284 30,009 1,092 697 .57,1.53 802..525 Ark. 3,209 180 132 10 043 207 165 21,5031 279 233 20.040 369 242 27,198 1.636,937 Mich. 692 5 6 742 5 8 1,069! 16 26 7,194 24 32 9,170 177,624 D. C. 445 93 70 4,131 188 123 8,794j 148 115 10,249 168 111 11,407 1,31.5,497 Wis. 300' 46 31 1 780 230 159 10 804' 341 229 19.585 400 303 23,528 1 624.615 Iowa. 670 73 40 2,()87 112 57 5,216 154 75 11,611 398 221 27,731 269,493 Fla. 125 89 4.259 450 258 18 7271 712 377 33,095 2.015 1,175 124,970 1,.591,749 Texas 3 6 77 53 52 1.822! 78 48 3,625 98 91 6,375 864 694 Cal. 9 5 140 31 19 853 47 29 1 723 78 45 2,984 174,768 Ore. 29 32 2,880 45, 40 4,3001 46 48 2,769 105 79 6,386 . I. T. 1 2 12 190 50 1,900 1,52 96 4,698 156 72 7.110 780,773 Minn. 30 15 537 104 54 3,333 407 283 17,574 996,096 Kan. 9 5 127' 29 25 1,000 136 68 4,803 452,402 Neb. 3 2 64 1 20 3 2 45 1 119,56.' N. M. rr i 4 144 22 IT 1,733 194,327 Col. 5 4 236 28 21 622 75 116 Wash. 300 155 19,275 445 230 28,062 618,457 W.Va. 1 . 2 2 32 42 29 1.176 135.177 Dak. 1 1 74 2 2 149 20.789 Wy. i! 1 20 8 5 236 32,610 Idaho 1 1 20 4 4 100 39,159 Mont. 2 2 110 62.266 Nev. . i 3 3 50 40,440 Ariz. i 1 2 54 143,963 Utah. 572,1221 9.5491 7,385 801,770 11,902 '7,775 1,025,135 17,450 10,844 1,409,958 26,839 17,089 2,399,101 50,155,783 U. S. The poiDulation of the ludian Territory and of Alaska are not included in the tenth census. That of the former, mcludiug colored people who are not citizens, is roughly estimated at 100,000 ; that of Alaska at 30,000. The population of British America, according to the latest census, is 4,352,080; that of Mexico, 9,086,777; that of ;he West Indies, 3,171,500. 555 POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES IN 1880. States and Terri¬ tories. 1 Totals. NATIVITY. RACE. Native. Foreign, 1 White. 1 Colored. Chinese. 1 Jjvpanese. 00 Alabama. 1,262.505 1,252,771 9,734 1 662,185 600,103 4 213 Arizona. 40,440 24,391 16,049 35.160 155 1,630 2 3.493 Arkansas. 802,525 i 792,175 10,350 591.531 210,666 133 195 California. 864.694 j 571,820 292,874 767.181 6',018 75,132 86 16,277 Colorado. 194 \ni 1 154,537 39,790 191,126 2,435 612 154 Connecticut_;.. 622,700 ' 492^708 129.992 610.769 11,547 123 6 255 Dakota. 135,177 j 83.382 51,795 133.147 401 238 1,391 Delaware. 146,608 1 137.140 9.468 120,160 26,442 1 5 Dist. of Columbia. 177,624 1 160,502 17,122 118,006 59,596 13 4 5 Florida. 269,493 ' 259,584 9.909 142,605 126 690 18 180 Georgia. 1,542,180 : ! 1,531,616 10,564 816’906 725,133 17 124 Idaho. 32 610 22,636 9.974 29,013 53 3.379 165 Illinois. 3,077 871 1 2,494.295 583.576 3,031H51 46.368 209 3 140 Indiana. 1,978,301 ; 1 1.834,123 144.178 1,938,798 39,228 29 246 Iowa. 1 624,61.5 1 I 1,362 965 261 650 1,614,600 9 516 33 466 Kansas. 996',090 886(110 110,086 952 155 43,107 19 815 Ken tuck v. 1.648,690 ’ 1,589 173 59 517 1 377,179 271.451 10 50 Louisiana. 939.946 j 1 885.800 54 146 454.954 483 655 489 848 iMaine. 648,936 1 590,053 58,883 646.852 1,451 8 625 Marvland. 934 943 ! 852,137 82.806 724,693 210,230 5 15 Massachusetts .... 1,783,085 f 1.339.594 443 491 i 1 763,782 18,697 229 8 369 Michigan. l,fy36,937 : ; 1,248.429 388 508 i 1,614,560 15,100 27 1 7,249 Minnesota. 780 773 * ' 513,097 267,676 776,884 1 564 24 1 2,300 INIi.ssissippi. 1,131..597 ' 1 1,122,388 9.209 479,398 6.50 291 51 . 1,857 Missouri. 2,168,380 1 1.956.802 211.578 2,022 826 145,3.50 91 113 ^Montana. 39 1.59 27.638 11,521 ’ 35 385 346 1,765 . 1 663 Nebi-aska. 452 402 354,988 97,414 I 449,764 2,385 18 . 235 Kevada. 62,266 36,613 25.6.53 1 53 556 488 5.416 3 2,.803 New Hampshire... 346,991 ; 300.697 46,294 .346,229 685 14 63 New Jer.soy. 1,131.116 1 909,416 221,700 ' 1,092,017 38,8.53 170 0 74 New Mexico. 119,.565 111,514 8,051 1 108 721 1.015 5( • • • • 9,772 New York. 5,082,871 1 3,871,492 1.211.379 i 5,016 022 65,104 909 17 819 North Carolina.... 1,399,7.50 1,396,008 3 742 867,242 531,277 1 1,230 Chio. 3,198,062 1 2,803,119 394,943 3,117 920 79,900 109 3 130 Oregon. 174.768 : 144,265 30,503 1 163 075 487 9.510 2 1,694 Pennsylvania. 4,282,891 I 3,695,062 587 829 ; 4,197,016 85..535 148 H 184 Rhode Island. 276,531 ; 202.538 73 993 1 2C>9,939 6.4.88 27 77 South Carolina.... 995,577 987,891 7,68() ! 391,105 604.332 9 131 Tenne.ssee. 1,.542,359 1 525,657 16,702 ’ i 1,138,.831 403,151 25 3.52 Texas. 1.591,749 1,477.133 114 616 1 1 1.197,237 393,384 136 992 Utah. 143.963 99.969 43 994 1 ; 142 423 232 501 807 Vermont. 332,286 291,327 40,959 ' j .33r218 1.057 .... 11 Virginia. 1 5 12 !565 1 497 ’869 14 696 ' 1 880 .858 631 616 6 85 Washington. 75.116 59,313 15,803 1 67T99 325 3,186 i 4 405 West Virginia. 618,457 600,192 18,265 ! .592,537 25,886 5 29 Wisconsin. 1 315,497 910.072 405,425 1,309,618 2.702 16 . 3,1C1 Wvoming. 20,789 : 14,939 5.850 ; ; 19,437 298 914 140 Totals . 50 155.783 , 143,475,840 1 6,679,943 i 43.402.970 6,580,793 105,465 148 66,407 The above table is made up ^rom the final official figures of the Tenth Census. The figures for Indian Territory and Alaska are omitted, as their inhabitants are not con¬ sidered citizens All Indians not subject to taxation are also omitted, in conformity with the census law. According to Report of Commissioner of Indian Affiiirs for 1882, the total Indian population of the United States, exclusive of Alaska, is 2()2.:}()(). The column headed * Colored ” comprises only persons of African descent. The census gives 25..'>18,820 males and 14,()8<;,9fi3 females. The number of colored persons to 100.000 whites has increased from 14,528 in 1870 to 15,153 in 1880. The centre of population at the first census, 1790, was twenty-three miles east of Baltimore ; the movement of this point has been nearly due westward at the rate of from 36 to 81 miles in ten years. Its present position is in Kentiicky, eight miles west by south from the heart of Cincinnati, O. The incrcjase of population since 1870 has been 291^ per cent. 556 ORICAL TAB Of Missionary and Educational Work from 1832 to 1882. Gmcs’G A COMPLETE LIST OP THE FIELDS OCCUPIED BY THE SOCIETY, THE NAMES OF THE MIS¬ SIONARIES AND TEACHERS EMPLOYED IN EACH FIELD, AND THE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT AND LENGTH OF THEIR SERVICE. This table has been carefully prepared from the original records. No account is taken of the work of auxiliary bodies. Only the time of actual service as reported is here given. Teachers generally are appointed for and report eight or nine months’ service in each year. The month given marks the commencement but not necessarily the termination of service. In the early years of the Society’s operations among the Freedmen it is impossible to distin¬ guish in all cases the educational from the missionary work ; and many of the missionaries not specially designated to the Freedmen performed much labor among them. AL.AK Fields and Missionaries. Date. Trs. M. 1. Alabama (State). Rufus Lockwood. .Oct., ’34-’35 —6 2. Butler & Lowndes Cos. Stuart Adams. .Mar.,’72-’73 1— 3. Central Alabama. I). -M. Reeves, Gen’l M’y.Nov. ’C5-’67 2—1 4. Clay k R.vndolph Cos. Wuii. 11. Burton. .Dec.. ’71-’72 —5 5, Cross Keyes (See 12.) 6 . Greenville. Stuart Adams. .Mar.,’73-’78 5— 7. Huntsville. J. W. Muse. .June. 1871 —6 8. Lowndes Co. ^See 2). 9. Mobile Co. C. 0. Booth. .Mar, 1874 —6 10. Mobile & Wash’n Cos. C. 0. Booth. May, ’72-’73 1—6 11. Montgomery (See IL. 12. Mt. Meigs & Cross Keyes. H. E. Taliaferro.Mar.,’69-’71 3— AM A. Fields and 3fissionaries. Date. Trs.M. 13. Randolph Co. (See 4). 14. Talladega k Montgom’y. C. O. Booth.June,’77-’78 1— 15. Tuscumbia. Green A. Coulson.Apr.,’66-’67 —9 16. Tuskegee. H. E. Taliaferro.Sep., ’71-’72 —6 17. "Washington Co. (See 10). Freertiiieii Educational Worli. 18. Alabama (State). II. W’oodsmall, Ministerial Insts. .Nov.,’76-’77 1- 2 19. Selma. Ala. Bap. Nor. A Tlieol. Institute. Marcus W. .Alston. .Oct., ’78-’82 1-10 Edwin H. Rishel. .Oct., ’80-’82 1—2 Miss Emma E. Jordan. .Oct., •80-’82 -11 Mrs. Lina A. Stone. .Oct., ’80-’81 —8 H. "Woodsman. . June,’81-’82 -10 Miss -Augusta Hammond.Jan., 1882 —3 Fields and Missionaries, 1. Prescott. R. A. Windes. ARIZONA. Date. Yrs.M. Fields and Missionaries. 2. Tucson. U. Gregory. Date. Trs.M. Nov., ’79-’82 2—3 Mar.,’81-'82 1— 558 HISTORICAL TABLE. Fields and Missionaries. 1. Arkansas (State). David Orr. .Mar.,’33-’39 5-11 John B. Graham. . Aug.,’35-’36 1— W. B. Karr, Itiu’t. Dec., '3.5- 36 1— < ( < < it John McCarthy, Itiut. Feb., ’40-’44 3—»5 and Explg. Agt. .Mar.,’47-’49 0_ Henry McElmarry. .Jan., ’46-’48 1—6 1 Miles L.Langtrv,Col.Peo.Sep., ’65- 66 1—3 2. Wm. M. Lea. “ Carroll Co. Apr., ’68-’69 1— 3. 4. G. W. Baines. CoNiVAY Co. (See 8). Helena. .July,’37-’38 1—3 5. 6. J. T. White, Col’d Peo.. Howard Co. (See 19). Independence Co. .Jan., 1867 1— 7. Henry McElmarry. Izard Co. .July, ’48.’49 —6 8. Benj. Hawkins. Johnson Van Buren, CoNAVAY Cos. .May, ’39-’42 3—2 9. Benj. Clark. Lake Village. .reb.,’36-’37 1— 10 . Wm. Green, Col’d Peo. . Lawrence Co. .Apr.,’66-’67 -10 Wm. W. Settle. .Dec.,’37-’39 1—6 John Woodrome. .July,’37-’38 1—6 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs, M. 11. Liberty, Thos. Mercer.. .Sep., ’37-’38 1— 12. Little River Co. (See 20). 13. Little Rock. W. H. Robert, Col’d Peo W. F. Kone. .Oct., ’67-’68 ,Mar., 1875 1— —3 14. Pulaski iS: Saline Cos. John McCarthy.. .Mar.,’44-’45 -11 15. Pulaski k White Cos. John McCai'thy. .Mar., 45-’47 2— 16. Richland. Wm. Kellett.. . Juue,’34-’36 1—9 17. Rocky Bayou Asso. Henry McElmarry. .Nov.,’44-’45 1— 18. Saline Co. (See 14'. 19. Sevier vt Howard Cos. John B McKay.. .Feb., ’76-’78 0_ 20. Sevier & Little Riv. Cos. John B. McKay.Feb., ’78-’79 1—3 21. Van Buren Co. (See 8). 22. Western District. Jas. A. Foster, Col. Peo. .Mar.,’75-’70 1— 23. White Co. (See 15). Frecdiiien Educational Work, » 24. Helena. Mios Joanna P. Moore.. .Mar,, 1864 —9 AKKANS Date. Vrs. M. CALIFOKMA. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Vrs.M. 1. Alameda. Geo. it. Head.July,’78-’82 3—9 2. Amador Co. J. T. Huff.Aug.,’Tl-’72 -10 3. Benicia (See 53). 4. Brooklyn (See 25). John Frauds.Nov.,’65-’70 3—1 6. California (State). Osgood C. Wheeler.Nov.,’48-’50 1—4 “ “ .June, 1854 —3 Frauds E. Prevaux.May, 1850 —3 J. B. Saxtou.Nov., ’52-’53 —3 A. W. Peck .July,’G3-’G4 1— H. Holcombe Khees, Geu’l Miss’y.Aug.. ’67-T.8 9— C. B. Post, Gen’l Miss’y..Mar, ’70-’74 4—5 C. Carpenteria. T. G. McLean.Apr., ’78-’82 4— 7. C.A.SPAR. John S. Ross..Jan., ’81-’82 1— 8. Chico Butte. J. N. Burroughs.Jan., 1882 —3 9. Eureka. R. C. White.June, 1875 —6 10. Grass Valley (See 23). 11. IlEALDSBURGH. J. B. Saxton.Apr., ’71-’72 1— 12. Inyo Co. (See 20). 13. loNK Valley. H. Holcombe Rhees.Mar.,’55-’58 2—9 14. Kibesill.mi. C. C. Bateman.Sep.,’S0-’81 1— Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 15. Los Angeles. P. W. Dorsey.Sep., ’81-’82 —6 16. Marysville. O. B. Stone.Jan., 1854 —3 H. Holcombe Rhees.May, 'Go-’G2 2— Geo. E. Duncan.Apr.,’71-’72 1— 17. Melburne and Tuolumne Co. Sam’lHill.Nov.,’71-’T3 C— 18. Merced AND Stanisl.\us Cos. Eli Rees.Oct., ’70-’71 1— 19. Modesto. M. D. Gage.Jan., 1882 —3 20. IMono and Inyo Cos. A. Clark.Mar.,’70-’71 1— 21. Napa City. Geo. W. Ford.Sep., ’66-’69 3— 22. Nevada City. O. B. Stone.Apr., ’64-’56 1—9 Benj. Brierly.May, ’60-’G2 1—9 Jas. A. Wirth.May, '67-’68 —9 “ “ .Aug., ’71-’72 1— B. L. Aldrich.Sep., ’79-’80 1— 23. Nevada City & Grass Val¬ ley. Jas. A. Wirth.Feb.,’68-’69 1—3 24. Oakland. A. L. Baker.Aug.,’64-’65 —9 Chu Yow,lstCh.Chmese.Nov.,’79-’81 1—3 25. Oakland & Brooklyn. J. B. Saxtou.June,’69-’60 1— 26. Pacific As.sociation. J. E. Barnes. Nov., ’71-’72 —6 HISTORICAL TABLE, 559 Fields and Missionaries. Date. 1 'rs.M. 27. Penryn (See 57). 39. 28. Petaluma. C. W. Rees. .July, ’00-’61 1— 40. J. A. Davidson.. . Juue,’64-’65 —9 P. P. Shirley. .Jan. 1880 —9 41. 29. Red Bluff. C. W. Rees. .Nov.,’71-’72 -11 42. J. B. Peat. .Apr ,’73-’75 1-11 J. 11. Saxton. .June, 1878 —6 43. 30. Redwood. Eli Rees. .May, ’68-’69 1— 31. Riverside and San Bernar- dino. Chas. Button. .Jan. 1882 —3 32. Sacramento. 44. A. Kallock. .Apr., 1850 —3 33. Sacramento River A.sso. C. W. Rees. .Nov.,’70-’71 1— A. J. Cummings. .Nov., ’71-’72 1— 45. 34. Salinas City. W. T. Green. .June, 1874 —6 46. Jos. Beaven. • . .Aug., ’77-’78 1— < < is .Jan., ’80-’81 1—4 35. San Bern.ardino (See 31). 47. G. W. Allen . ,Aug.,’75-’77 0;_ 48. 36. San Francisco. Wm. Rollinson, Pine St. Ch.Sep., ’52-’56 3—5 J. B. Saxton, Tabernacle Ch.July, ’56-’59 3—9 Stephen Hilton. Aug., ’64-’65 1- John P. Ludlow, IstCh., .Aug., ’64-’65 1- C. A. Buckbee, 5th Ch... Mar., ’71-’72 1- C. W. Hewes, 5th Ch. .Sep., ’79-’82 2- -4 Fung Seung,Nam.Chi’se .Apr., ’70-’71 1- -3 John Francis, “ Apr., ’70-’78 6- -1 Ah Wing, “ Mar., 1871 -3 R. H. Graves, “ June ,’71-’72 -7 Lee Key, “ Oct., ’72-’74 2- E. Z. Simmons, ‘ Apr., ’74-’75 1- -7 Fung Chak, “ Jan., 1875 -2 Jas. R. Young, Col. Peo. .Jan., 1869 -3 F.W. Schalike, Germans .July, ’75-’76 1- -3 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 50. 37. San Francisco Asso. Wm. Hildreth.Dec., ’72-’73 —3 57. 38. San Jose. J. Henry Giles.Ang.,’64-’65 1— L. O. Grenell.May, ’50-’52 2— 58. Fields an 1 Missionaries. Date. 1’ Vs.J/. S.VN dUAN. Jas. D. P. Hungate. .Oct., ’69-’70 —6 San Rafael. E. B. Hatch. Jan., 1871 —6 Santa Ana. H. I. Parker. ■ Sep., ’80-’82 1—6 Santa Barbara. S. S. Fisk. Jan., ’81-'82 1—3 Santa Clara. Addison Jones.. ■ July, ’64-'00 2_ W. N. Stearns. Jan., Ifs08 —9 C. L. Fisher. .P^eb. ’09-’71 2— Thos. J. Arnold. .Apr.,’76-’77 —9 Fred. N. Barlow. .July, 1877 —6 Santa Cruz. Samuel S. Roberts.. .Apr., ’09-’70 1— J. P’. McCusick.. .. July, ’72-’73 1— Geo. W. Ford. Nov., ’78-’79 1— Santa Rosa. S. A. Taft. .Sep., ’76-'77 1— Sonora Co. Samuel Hill. .Nov.,’69-’71 2—2 J. W. Luke. .Aug.,’70-’71 1— Stanislaus Co. (See 18). Stockton. J. B. Saxton. .Feb.,’53-’55 2_ Sam’lB. C.Morse. .Sep., ’69-’70 1— Sam’l E.Reid, 2d Ch. .Sep., ’7u-’71 —6 Sutter Co. A. J. Cummings. .Nov, ’72-’73 1— Tuolumne Co, (See 17). Vacaville. J. B. Saxton. .Sept.,’74-’76 2— an it .Sept.,’80-’8l 1— Vallejo. E. B. Hatch. .Dec., ’71-’73 0_ Vallejo and Benecia. A. W. Peck. .July,’64-’65 —10 Virginia. (See 56). Visalia. Jas. A. Slover. .Dec ,’70-’71 1— Wheatland and Virginia. J. S. Jesse. .Sep., ’80-’81 1— Wheatland and Penryn. J. S. Jesse. .Sep., ’81-’82 —6 Woodland. T. J. Arnold.. .Oct., ’80-’81 1 — CANADA. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 1. Canada. (Entire Dominion). Eli Highwarden.Ang.,’46-’47 —0 Wm. Gonne.Aug.,’46-’47 —3 John Oakley, Agent.Sep., ’38-’39 1— Eleazer Savage, Explor’g and Collecting Ag’t. .. .Nov.,’44-’50 5—6 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 2. Amheestburg (See 48). 3. Belleville. Wm. Geary.May, ’38-’40 2— 4. Berlin. Henry Schneider, Ger.. .Sep., ’53-’56 3— 5. Blenheim & Zorra. Heman Fitch.Nov.,’46-’47 1— Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 6. Blenheim & Charlotteville. Pieman Fitch.. ..May, ’47-’48 1— 7. Bosanquet k Loudon. Daniel A Turner.. . .Nov.,’45-’46 —6 8. Brandt (See 26). 9. Brantford. Wm. Rees. , .Juue,’34-’42 7— Jos. Painter. . .Feb.,’47-’48 1— 10. Broadalbane. Wm. P’razer. .Apr , ’30-’38 2— (( ,. Jan., ’41-’42 1—3 11. Bruce. Nicholas Luesing, Ger. .Aug.,’75-’76 —9 12. Camboro (See 50). 13. Ch.vrlotteville ^See 6). 560 HISTORICAL TABLE. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Vrs.M. 14. Chatham (See 16 & 30). 15. Colchester Gosfield. Wm. Goinie. / .Feb., 1847 —9 16. Colchester, M.4LDen & Chatham. Eli High warden.Aiig.,’47-’48 —6 17. Dui!H.4m (See 37). 18. Drummondsville. Jas. Johnson. J. E. Dive.v. William Wilkinson. .Aug.,’38-’39 .Feb., ’39-’40 .Aug.,’49-’51 —9 1 — 2 — 19. East Oxford (See 36). 20 . Esqueesing. John Miner. John Clarke. .Feb., 1846 .Feb.,’47-’50 —6 2-11 21 . Farmer.sville. W. J. Pettigrew. .Jan., ’49-’50 1 — 22 . Fredericksbdrgh. David W. Rowland. .Dec.,’47-’48 1 — 2 ‘J. Gosfield (See 15). 24. Hamilton. Alfred Booker. .Apr., ’48-’50 2 — 25. Hanover. John Stumpt, Ger. .Jan., 1874 —9 26. Hanover & Brandt. John Eisenmenger, Ger.Oct., ’72-’74 2 — 27, Harwich (See 43). 28. Howard (See 43,. 29. Houghton. Win. McDerniand. .May, ’46-’47 —9 30. lONE, Sombra dv Chatham Cormick McDormond.. .Jan., 1847 1 — 31. Logan (See 64). 32. Loudon (See 7). James Inglis. Robt. Boyd. .Sep., ’47-’49 .Oct., ’49-’52 2 — 3— 33. Malden (See 16). 34. Nelson (See 59). 35. Norwich. Ira Howey. .May, ’50-’51 1 — 36. Norwich dt East Oxford. Ira Howey.. .May, ’48-’50 2 — 37. Norwich. Windham & Durh.vm, Ira Howev.Mav, ’46-’48 jMark W. Hopkins.July,’45-’47 2 — 1—6 38. Oakl.vnd. Danl. H. Babcock. Nov.,’46-’47 1 — 39. Ontario i Province). Wm. Geary. Peter Chase. ( ( < < Reuben Winchell. .May, ’.34-’38 June, ’33-’37 ■ Jan., ’39-’41 . May, ’36-’38 4— 2—4 1 — 2 — 40. Paris. Adams Cleghorn . .Nov.,’48-’51 3— 41. Port Colborne. (See 50). 42. Queenstown. Reuben Winchell. .May, ’36-’37 1 — 43. Raleigh, Harwich dfe Howard. John White.May, ’47-’48 1 — 44. Rawdon. John Butler. ,Mar., ’37-’43 5— 45. St. Catharines. J. C. Allison. J. E. Ryerson.. .Nov.,’36-’38 .May, ’50-’52 1— 7 2 — 46. St. Thomas. Wm. Wilkinson. John Bray. .Mav, ’45 .July,’46-’47 —6 1 — Fields and Missionaries. Date. Vrs.-M. 47. Sandwich. Geo. Jacobs.Aiig.,’46-’47 1— 48. Sandwich & A>iher.stburg. Geo. Jacobs.Aiig.,’47-’48 1— 49. SC0TL.\ND. ^Ym. Li*ecb.Nov.,’49-’50 1— 50, Sherbrook, Camboro & Port Colborne. Wm. Freeman. ..Sep., ’47-’49 2— 51. Sidney & Thurlow. Wm. Geary. ..May, ’41-’43 2— 52. SlMCOE. William Rees. ..Jan., ’42-’45 3— Timothy Bailey.. ..Aug.,’45-’47 2— 53, Sombra. (See 30). 54. Southeast Hope. August Dauer, Ger. ..Jan., 1860 —3 55. Talbot & Brock Dlstrict. Mark W. Hopkins. ..Feb,,’48-’49 1— 56. Tavistock. John Senn. .Oct., ’74-’75 —6 Samuel Becker. .. June,’75-’76 1— 57. Thurlow. (See 51.) John Butler.. 1— 58. Toronto. John E. Maxwell. ..July, ’37-’38 1— 59. Toronto & Nelson. John E. Maxwell. ,.July,’36-’37 1— 60. Waterloo dt Woolwich. James Sim... ,.Mar.,’46-’49 3— 61. Windham. (Sec 37). 62. Woolwich. (See 60;. 63. ZoRRA. (See 5). 64. Zurich & Logan. Henry Rose, Ger. .Apr., ’70-’71 1—6 John Miller “ ..._ .July, ’74-’76 2— PROVINCE OF QUEBEC. 65. Berea. (See 81). 66. Dunham. (See 70L 67. Fort George. (See 84.) Louis Roussy, French,. . Nov.,’52-’53 1— 68. Granby. Louis Pasche, French.. ,.Nov.,’58-’59 1— W. N. Cote, • Apr., 1867 —8 69. Grand Ligne. H. I. Parker.. ..Mar., 1851 —3 C. A. Thomas. ..Sep., 18.52 —1 NarcLsse Cyr, French... .Nov.,’49-’50 1— Louis Roussy, “ . .Nov.,’49-’.50 1— . <( (< it .Nov.,’57-’60 3— L. Normandeau,“ ..Nov.,’49-’57 8— Hubert Tetrau. “ ..Nov.,’50-’51 1— Toussant Riendeau. Fr ..Nov.,’54-’55 1— 70. Henryville & Dunham. Jas. N. Williams, Fr... .Nov.,’53-’56 2—1 71. Henryville & Pike River. N. Duval, French. .Nov.,’59-’60 1— 72. La Cole (See 76). 73. Longueiul. Theo, Latleur, French. .Nov.,’55-’56 1— 74. Montreal. Narcisse Cyr, French,.. .Nov.,’51-’60 9— * * ti < • .Mar.,’62-’63 1— Jas. N. Williams “ .July, ’65-’66 1— 75. Napierville. Narcisse Cyr, French... .Nov.,’50-’51 1— Chas. Roux, “ .Apr., ’52-’53 1—7 HISTORICAL TABLE. 561 Fields and Missionaries. Date. I'rs.J/, 76. Napierville & La Cole. Chas. Roux, French,... .Nov., ,’53- ’54 —9 77. Ottawa Asso. Wm. Frazer. ’42- ’43 1— TS. Pike River (See 71). 79. Quebec (Province). * Edw. Mitchell.Oct., ’37-’42 4—5 *.J. Baldwin.Oct., ’37-’39 1-10 * Prosper Powell.Oct., ’37-’39 1—6 *S.B. Ryder.Oct.,’37-’42 4—6 * Israel Ide.Oct., ’37-’41 3— * M. Brittain.Oct., ’37-’39 2—6 80. Salem. Tonssant Riendeau, Fr.. Nov.,’49-’51 2— 81. Salem & Berea. Hubert Tetrau, French. .Nov.,’51-’54 3— 82. St. Cesaire. F. Lanioureux, French. .Nov.,’53-’55 1—5 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 83. St. Marie de IMonnoir. Louis Roussy, French. .Nov.,■.53-’57 4— N. Duval, “ ..Nov.,’58-’59 1— Louis Riendeau, “ . .Feb.,’59-’60 1— 84. St. Marie de Monnoir & Ft. George. Cyrus H. O. Cote, Fr.Nov.,’4ii- 50 —7 Louis Roussy, French.. .Nov.,’.50-’52 2— 85. St. Pie. Theo. Lafleur, French.. .Feb., ’51-’55 4— 9 Toussant Riendeau, Fr..Nov.,’55-’59 4 — 86. St. Remi. J. D. Rossier, French-Nov.,’58-’60 2— 87. Shkfford Co. Louis Pasche, French.. .Nov.,’59-’60 1— BRITISH COLUMBIA. 88. Victoria. Joseph Beaven.May, ’81-’82 —9 89. British Columbia (See Wash. Ter.) COLORADO. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 1. Beavercreek. (See 24.) 2. Boulder. "Rncis Warrl .. Mar.,’75-’77 2—4 T. R. Palmer. .Oct., ’80-’81 1— J. S. Mabie. .Oct., ’81-’82 —6 3. Canon City. fSee 7). B. M. Adams. .Nov.,’69-’70 —8 Geo. L Lewis. .Oct., ’73-’75 2—3 Geo. A. Hutchinson. ... .Mav, ’80-’81 1— E. H. Sawyer. .June,’81-’82 —9 4. Central City. Almond Barrelle. .Feb., ’64-’65 1—7 Ira D. Clarke . .April, 1867 —6 S. D. Bowker. .Mar.,’71-’75 4— Harvey Lindsley. .Mar.,’75-’76 1— 5. Colorado (State). Jas. French, GenT Miss’y.Apr., i'2- u 5— H. S. Westgate, “ “ .Mar., 1881 —9 6. Colorado Springs. Jan., 1873 —3 Edwin A. Taft. .Aug., ’74-’76 1—3 A. L. Vail. Jan., ’76-’78 3— H. M. Lowry. .July, ’81-’82 —9 7. Colorado City and Canon City. Thos. Stpiires. .Nov., ’66-’67 1— 8. Denver. .Jan., ’64-’65 1—9 Walter McDowell Potter Ira D. Clarke . .Apr., ’66-’67 1— A. M. Averill. .May, ’68-’69 1— Lewis Ravmond. .Feb.,’70-’71 1— Wintield Scott. .Jan., 1872 1— << <* .Jan., 1874 1— B. H. Yerkes, E. Denver Mission. .Dec., ’80-’81 1— “ “ Calvary Ch.Dec.,’81-’82 —3 9. Del Norte. (See 25). 10. Fort Collins. (See 17). 11. Georgetown. Thos. T. Potter. .Apr., ’68-’70 2—3 12. Golden. Thos. T. Potter. .Apr., ’66-’68 0 _ Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M' Joseph Casto. .Apr.,’69-’71 1—9 De Forrest Saffoi’d. .Jan., ’71-’74 3—5 • Charles M. Jones. .July,’75-’81 6— 13, Greely. S. M. Brown. .April, 1871 —6 J. McDonald. .April, 1872 .Mar.,’73-’74 —6 H. C. Woods. 1—8 Alfred B. Whitney. .Oct.. ’75-’76 1— B. H. Yerkes. .Mar., ’77-’80 3— 14. Gunnison. .June,’81-’82 George A. Hutchinson.. —9 15. Huerfano and Puebi.o Co’s. Wm. T. Fisher. .Nov.,’75-’76 1— 16. La Veta. Wm. T. Fisher. .Nov.,’76-’77 —6 M. A. Clarke. .June, 1880 —3 E. Burch.. .Mar.,’81-’82 1— 17. Loveland and Fort Collins. Madison Harry. .Sep., ’79-’80 -11 18. Monument. Geo. A. Hutchinson.- .Oct., ’79-’80 —6 19, Pueblo. Adam Chambers. .June, ’73-’74 1—3 W. A. Caplinger. .Sep., ’77-’78 —9 Isaac F. Davis. .Aug., 1878 —2 Samuel Cornelius. , .Jan., 1880 1— 20. Pueblo Co. (See 15). 21. San Juan District. (See 22). 22. San Louis and San Juan Districts. Alfred B. Whitney. .Jan., 1877 -10 23. Southern Colorado. -11 Harvey Liusley. ,.Mar.,’76-’78 2— H. S. Westgate, Gen 1 Miss’y 0^ time, N.M.; ).Mar.,’80-’81 1— 24. Spanish Peaks to Beaver Creek. Andrew Brown . ..Jan., 1873 1- 25. Spanish Peaks to Del Norte. W. H. Whitelaw. ..Jan., 1874 1— 26. West Las Animas. ..Sep., ’74-’75 Adam Chambers. —6 * Supported mainly by the Vei'mont B.aiitist State Convention. 562 IIISTORICAI. TABLE. < <>\M:c Tic:rT. Fields ami Mi!>s. Date. Vrs.M. ■ 1. Eastern Conn. M. Charbouueau,French.Mar.,’81-'82 1— 2. Meriden. J. H. Moehlmauu, Ger...Jiiue,’73-’82 8—9 3. New Britain. C. H. Schmidt, Grer.Sep., ’78-’79 —9 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Vrs.M. 4. New Haven. Edward J. Deckman, Ger.Oct., ’74-’79 4—3 Zacharias Marten, Ger,. June,’79-’81 2— 5. Norwalk. Wm. H. Card.Oct., ’38-’39 —6 Fields and Missionaries. 1. Big Spring. Chas. Sandqnist,Scands. Nov.,’79-’82 2. Big Stone City. JohiiEugler, Ger.Jan., ’81-’82 3. Big Stone City, Millb.\nk & Ortonville. H. Story .Nov.,’81-’82 4. Bismarck & Mandan J. K. Hcckard.Nov.,’81-'82 6. Bloomingdale. J. K. Eldndge.Sep., ’79-’80 G. Canton. (See 24 and 39). V. B. Conklin.. June,’74-’77 7. Centrevii.le Sunnyside. E H.Hurlbutt. Dec., 79-’80 8 . Clay Co. (See 2G-44). 9. Dakota, (Territory). Geo. W. Freeman, Genl. iMiss.Nov.,’71-’74 JohiiKohrs time Neb.) Germans.Mar., 1875 Theo. Hessell, l».lKTA TIillKITOKY. Date. Vrs.M. 2—3 A. Norelins. (>^ t me Iowa) Swedes.Jan, Eph. M. Epstein, (34 time Minn). Russ. .Dec.,’80-’81 10. Dakota & Minn. (See Misc). 11. Daneville. Nis Tychsen, Danes.Nov.,’77-’80 12. Dell Rapids. Wm. T. Hill.Dec., ’74-’77 J. Edminster.Jan., 1881 13. East Pierre. (See 21). 14. Egan. F. H. Newton.Jan., 1882 15. Elk Point. J. H. Young.Jan., 1872 T. H. Judson.Oct., ’72-’73 J. P. Coffman.Jan., ’75-’77 G. W. Frtieman.Dec., ’80-’81 16. Fargo. E. B. Ha.skell.Apr., ’80-’81 17. Finlay. (See 34, 40 and 41). 18. Goodwin. S. S. Utter.Nov.,’79-’81 19. Grant Co. John Engler, Ger.Jan., 1880 20. Hamilton. John Stewart.Nov., ’80-’81 21. Huron & Ea.st Pierre. 1—3 —3 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Vrs.M. 22. Lennox. (See 24). V. B. Conklin.Aug.,’81-'82 —6 23. Le Roy. J. L. Coppoc.Nov.,’72-’74 1—4 24. Lincoln, Canton & Lennox. V. B. Conklin.Sep., ’79-’80 1 — 25. Lodi. (See 39 and 40). J. L Coppoc.Nov., ■71-'72 1— 1872 —3 E. H. Hurlbutt. . Jan., 1875 —6 ^ 26. Lodi and in Clay & Turner 1— Cos. C. Anderson. .Sep., ’74-’75 1— 3— 27. Mandan. (See 4). 28. McCook Co. 1— T. H. Judson. .June, 1881 —6 29. Milbank. (See 3). 30. Mitchell & Vicinity. J. P. Coffman. .Sep., ’81-’82 —6 2—6 31. Montrose. T. H. Jud.son. .Dec., ’81-‘82 —3 32. Northern Dakota. 3— 33. G. W. Huntley. Ortonville. (See 3). .Dec., ’81-’82 —3 1— 34. Parkers A Finlay. 1—6 A. W. Hilton. .Oct., ’79-’80 1— 3— 35. Sioux Falls. A. W. Hilton, time). .Aug.,’74-’75 1— if 4< if .Aug..’76-’77 1— 3— H. E. Norton. .Oct., •78-’81 3— 36. Southern Dakota. 3— John Wendt, Ger. .Oct., ’77-’78 1— —6 37. Sunny Side (See 7). 38. Swan Lake. T. H. Judson. .July,’75-’76 1—6 —3 39. Swan Lake, Lodi & Canton. J. J. Mclntire. .Sep., ’72-’73 1— —6 40. Swan Lake, Lodi & Finlay. 1— J. J. Mclntire. .Sep., ’73-’74 1— 1-11 41. Swan Lake. Finlay & Sioux Falls. 1— A. W. Hilton. .Aug. ’77-’78 1— 42. Tower City. 1—6 A. M. Allyn. .Mar.,’81-’82 1— 43. Turner Co. (See 26 and 44). 44. ^Turner k Clay Cos. 2— Nis Tvchsen, Scand.... .Nov.,’80-’81 1— _ 45. Vep.million . i — E. H. Hurlbutt. 1— T. H. Judson. .Oct., ’73-’75 1—9 1— A. J. Furman. .July, ’75-’76 1—2 46. Watertown. 1—5 Allred S. Orcutt. .Aug.,’80-’82 1—6 HISTORICAL TABLE. 563 Fields and Missionaries. Dale. Yrs.M. 47. Yankton. L. P. Judson.May, T)4-T)5 —9 Albert Grore.Eel).,’C5-’()6 1— J. H. Young.July, 1H72 —3 Fred. Bower.Jau.,’74-’76 1—3 Fields and Missionaries. Dale. Trs.M. Jas. Buchanan. .Mav, ’76-’77 1— J. P. Coft'man.. 1— E. J. Brownson .... .Sept.,’79-’81 1—( Eph. Epstein.. .Mar., ’81-’82 1— DELAWARE. Fields and Missionaries. Date. T Vs. J/. 1. Canterbury. Isaac Cole. ..June,’71-’72 1— 2. Delaware. (State). J. P. Walter . ..Oct., ’48-’.50 2— 0. F. Flippo. ..Mav, ’72-’73 -10 3. Dover. J. P, Walter. ..Oct., ’50-’52 1-10 D. A. Nichols. ..July, ••52-’o3 —9 Edwin R. Hera. . May,’53-’55 1—6 D. B. Purinton. ..Nov.,’66-’68 1—3 0. F. Flippo. ..Apr., ’68-’70 2— B. G. Parker. ..Oct., ’80-’81 1— 4. Kent Co. (See 8). J. P. Walter. ..Oct., ’47-’48 1— 5. 6. Magnolia. f'See 12). Milford. H. H. Leamy. ..Julv, ’74-’76 1—6 Levi Thorne. . .Jan., ’76- 77 1—9 Wm. Henrv Young- ..July, ■78-’79 1—2 A. S, Bastian. . .Oct., ’79-’80 —9 W. H. Eldridge. . .June,'81-’82 —9 7. New Castle Co. John P. Thompson_ ..June,’38-’44 6— Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 8. New Castle & Kent Cos. J. P. Walter. .Nov., o3-'54 11 0. F. Flippo. .Apr., 1871 —6 9, Plymouth. D. B. Purinton. ,.July,’68-’09 —9 10. Wilmington. C. W. Denison. .Dec., ’36-’39 .July,’41-’42 2—6 Sanford Leach. 1— Aaron Perkins. .Dec., ’65-’66 —4 G. W. Folwell. .May, ’66-’71 5— E. E. Maryott.... .Oct., ’71-’73 1—9 . N. C. Naylor. ..Sep., ’74-’75 1— F. A Bauer, Ger. .Jam, ’57-‘58 1—6 J. C. Haselhiihn, Ger... ,Nov., ’58-’61 3— Henry Trunipp, Ger.... .May, 'OS-’Ol 4— Rudolph Piepgras, Ger. .Jan., 1868 1— 11. Wyoming. 0. F. Flippo. ..Oct., ’70-’71 —8 12. Wyoming & Magnolia. M. Heath.. ..July, ’73-’75 2— Jas. M. Hope. ,.July,’75-’78 3— DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Fields and Missionaries, Date. Yrs.M. 1. District OF Columbia. f'See Md). O. Ellyson.Jau., 1882 —3 2. Georgetomts'. Stephen Chajiin.Oct,, ’41-’41 —9 3. IYashington. Abner Webb, Navy Yard Church.Juue,’41-’42 1— Fields and Teachers, Date. Yrs.M. Miss Eliza Constantine. .Oct., 1866 —3 “ Sallie C. Daymond. May 1866 —3 “ Matilda A. Jones ,.. Dec., ’65-’6 i —8 “ Mary J. Kimball... .Oct.,’66-’67 —6 “ Ella M. Johnson_Jan., 1867 —6 “ Sarah L. Utley.Sep.,’67-’69 1—2 S. B. Gregory.Jan.,’67-’69 2—4 Mrs. S. B. Gregory.Jan.,’67-’69 1-11 Jas. A. Scott.June,’68-’69 1— Miss Belinda A. Barker. .Mar., 1869 —3 Freediiien Eilucatioiial Work. Wajlaiid Seminary. 4. Washington. Jeremiah M. Mace.Mar., 1864 —6 Miss Annie E. Washing¬ ton.Apr.,’6.V66 1—2 J. McClay Perkins.Oct., ’65-’68 1—5 Miss Lucy A. Flagg.Apr., 1866 —4 Mrs. S. S. Bemis.Aug.,’65-’66 -11 Miss Addie E. Dean.Sept. ’65- 66 —7 Miss Lavina Coke.Nov.,’65-’66 -10 Mrs. Malinda C. Milligan.Nov.,’65-’66 —5 Miss Augusta N. Weston.Apr., 1866 —3 “ Edna L. Whitcomb.May, 1866 —3 * “ M. Jennie Putnam .Nov.,’65-’66 ■—4 “ Martha J. Emerson.Sep., ’65-’66 1— G. M. P. King, Pres.... Thomas Paul. C. C. Meador. Miss Mary A. Howe.... Samuel Early. Jas. Storiim.. Miss Julia M. Bartlett, Elizzie R. Webb... “ Ella C. Sanders... “ Alice G. Johnson Ernest H. King.- -- Mi'S Olive Conklin.... H. M. Wood.. Mrs. C. P. Griswold... Mar., ’69-^ '82 12-4 • Oct., ’69- ’70 —8 Jan., ’69- ’71 0_ Aug., ,’69- ’71 1—9 . Mar. , 1870 —9 ,Oct., ’70- ’82 11- ,Oct., ’71- ’78 6—2 ,Oct., ’78- ’80 1—4 Oct., ’80- ’81 —8 Dec., ’79- ’80 —5 .Oct., ’80- ’82 1—2 ,Oct., ’81- ’82 —6 .Oct., ’81- ’82 -6 Oct., ’81- ’82 -(> 504 HISTORICAL TABLE. FLOKinA. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. Field-! and Misnonaries. Date. Yrs.M. 1. De Land. 8. I’alatka. A. L. Farr. —3 B. W. Becks. ..Nov,, 1868 _0 G. W . Long. ..Apr., 1'69 —6 2. Fernandina. Chas. B. Jones. ..Feb.,’71-’72 1— John Alston, Col. Peo. . .Aug.,’74-’82 V— 9. St. John’s River. Q TTt A Chas B Jones. ..Feb , ’69-’71 2— Jas. McDonald (14 time, Wm. E. Stanttm. ..Mar. ’71-’76 5~ Georgia) . ..Mar.,’41-’45 4—9 10. Southern Florida. P. P. Bishop, Gen. Miss.Oct., ’68-’72 3—6 John Tucker. ..Mar.,’44-’45 1— John N. Stokes Col. Peo.Apr.,’81-’82 1— 11. Tallahassee. 4. Jacksonville. 0. T. Hammond. 1— Frank C. Johnson. ..Mar.,’70-’71 1— 5. Key West. Freediiien Filiicational Work. Gardner C. Tripp. ..Nov., ’43-’44 —6 12. Jacksonville. Horace D. Doolittle.. ..Oct., ’45-’47 1—2 Oscar J. Hull. ..Oct,,’65-’66 1— 6. Lake City. 13. LrvE Oak. H. B. McCallam. ...Feb.,’71-’73 2— Florida Institute. 7. Monticello. J. L. A. Fish. ..Sep., ’80-’82 1—7 Abner B. Campbell,.. . ..Dec.,’70-’71 —6 Mrs. Ada B. Fish_ . .Oct., ’80-’82 1—2 John A. Potter. . ..Feb., ’71-’72 1— Miss S. E. Tarbox. ..Dec ,’81-'82 —4 f;EOKCi:i A Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 1. Atlanta. Frank Quarles, Col. Peo. .Jan., 1867 —6 Richard M. Nott. .Oct., ’67-’68 1— 2. Atlantic & Gulf R. R. J. H. Campbell, Col.Peo.Mar,, 1869 —6 3 . Banks Co (See 13). 4. Barnesville. J. M. Wood, Col. Peo.. . Apr., ’68-’70 2— 5. Brunswick. W. D. Atkinson,Col.Peo.Sep., ’75-’76 1— 6. Burke & Jefferson Cos. Lewis B. Carter, Col.Peo.Jan., ’71-’72 1—9 7. Fannin Co. 'i'. A. Higdon, Col. Peo. ..Nov.,’71-’72 1— 8. Georgia (State). Jas. McDonald (>4 time. Fla.). .Mar., ’41-’45 4—9 Lewis B. Carter. Col. Peo.Feb., 1868 —6 John C. Bryan, Feb., 1868 —6 << Feb . ’80-’82 2— J. IL Corley, Apr.,’78-’80 2—9 Collins H. Lyons *• June.’78-’81 2-11 Emanuel K. Love, “ Nov., ’77-’79 1—6 G. B Mitchell, Dec., ’77-’82 4—2 Ed. P. Johnson, “ July ’79-’80 -10 Joshua Gonakey, “ July, ’80- 81 -10 F. M. Simmons, “ June, ’81-'82 —8 G. H. Washington,“ June, 1881 -5 S. McNeal, •* June, 1881 —5 9. Haueusham, White & Towns C os. Jas. II. Fieia, Col. Peo. .Feb., ’71-’72 1— 10. Habersham A Rabun Cos. Jas. 11. Field, Col. Peo... .\ng.,’72-’74 2— 11. Habersham, R.\bun & To^VNS Cos. Jas. H. Field, Col. Peo.. AHg.,’74-’75 1— 12. Habersham. Rabun, To^\'NS A White Cos. Jas. H. Field, Col. Peo.. Aiig.,’75-’76 1— Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 13. Haber.sham, Rabun, Towns, White & Banks Cos. Jas. H. Field, Col. Peo .. Aug.,’76-’77 —6 14. Hall Co. (See 18), 15. Jefferson Co. (See 6). 16. Jessup. W. D. Atkinson, Col.Peo.Sep., ’76-’77 1— 17. Lumpkin Co. W. J. Woolten, Col. Peo.Dec., ’67-’71 3—5 18. Lumpkin & Hall Cos. W. J. Woolten, Col. Peo. June,’71-’72 1— 19. Macon. W. H. Roberts, Col. Peo.Aug., ’65.’66 1—4 20. New Sunbury Asso. (See 26). 21. Rabun Co. (See 10,11,12,13). 22. Savannah. Jas. M. Simms, Col. Peo.Apr., 1865 —& Isaac W. Briukerboff “ Dec.,’65-’70 4—6 W. O. Barsey, “ Jiine,’71-’74 2—9 23. Sea Board Counties. Cieo. A. Blount, Col. Peo.July, ’74-’77 2-11 24. Towns Co. (See 9, 11, 12, 13). 25. White Co. (See 9, 12,13). 26. Zion k New Sunbury .\ss. Richard W’ebb, Col. Peo.Oct., 1868 —1 Froofliiieii Fdiioatioiial 'Work. 27. Atlanta. Atlanta Seiiiiiiarj . Jos. T. Robert, LL. D.. ..May, ’79-’82 2-10 D, Shaver, D. D. ..Oct., ’79 ’80 1—4 Wm. E. Holmes. ..Oct., ’79-’82 1-10 W. R. Ravmond. ..Oct., ’80-'82 1—1 E. W. Clement. ,..Oct.,’81-’82 —6 Soliool tor (lirls. ^liss S. B. Packard.... ..Dec.,’81-’82 —4 ' Miss Hattie Giles. ..Dec., ’81-’»2 —4 HISTORICAL TABLE. 565 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 28. Augusta. Aiiaustii Inst it lit 0 . Lucian Haj'deii, D.D.May. 1869 —3 Win. D. Siegfried.Nov.,’69-’71 1—1 Miss Mary Jennie’Welch.Oct., '69- 71 1-11 Miss Emma J. Engleman.Dec., ’69-'70 —4 Miss Caroline E Merrick Dec., ■69-’70 —7 Miss MarthaBentou .... Dec.. 1869 —1 Miss Catherine L. Carter.Dec., ’69-’70 —3 Miss J. L. Cunningham.Dec., ’69-’70 —3 Miss Annie Johnson... .Jan., 1870 —2 Miss Mary Su.san Little. Jan., 1870 —2 Miss Sarah E. Pleasant. .Feb., 1870 —2 Fields and Missionaries, Date. Yrs.M. Miss Eliz. A. Sylvester. .Feb., 1870 —1 Jos. T. Robert, LL.D ... Aug.,’71-’79 7—9 Emanuel K. Love.Oct., ’7.5-’76 —8 Wm. E. Holmes.Oct., ’7.'5-’76 —8 “ Oct.,’77-'79 1—5 Sterling Gardner.Nov , ’70-’77 -11 Collins H. Lvons.Nov.,’77-’78 —7 D. Shaver, D“.D.Dec., ’78-’79 —7 29. Savannah. H. J. Ripley.Nov.,’65-’66 —6 Mrs. H. J. Ripley.Nov.,’65-’66 —6 Miss F. L. Ripley.Nov.,’65-’66 —6 IDAHO TERRITORY. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 1. Boise City. J. B. Foster. ’74-’75 1— D. J. Pierce. ..Feb., 1881 —1 L. L. Shearer. . Jnly, ’81-’82 —9 2. Idaho (Territory). Hiram Hamilton. ’64-’67 2—6 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 3. Moscow. S. W. Beaven.Apr.,’81-’82 1— 4. Western Idaho Territory. S. E. Stearns, (1-3 time, ’Wash.Ter. and Oregon)Oct., ’76-’78 2— S. E. Stearns (>^ time, ’\;V"ash. Ter.).Nov.,’80-’82 1—3 ILLINOIS. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 1. Adams Co. (See 108). Joel Sweet. .Oct., ’34-’35 1— 2. Alexander Co. (See 119 & 120). 3. Altona. —3 L. Johnson, Swedes... .Dec.,’81-’82 4. Alton to Carrollton. Alvin Bailey. .Aug.,’33-’34 2— 5. Assumption (See 179). 6 . Aurora. W. S. Goodno. .May, ’51-’52 1— Isaac D. Newell. .May, ’52-’54 1-10 7. Austin. Alex. Blackburn. .Nov.,’72-’73 1— 8. Babcocks Grove. E. Scoiield. ..Aug.,’52-’53 1— 9. Barrington (See 71). 10. Barry. Joel Sweet.... .Mar.,’46-’47 1— Norman Parks. ,.Mar.,’48-’49 1— 11. Batavia (See 239). Isaac D. Newell. .Nov.,’51-’52 —6 J. M. Cochran. . .Apr.,’54-’59 5— John Cauch. . .Oct.,’03-’65 1—6 12. Beaver Creek (See 254). 13. Belle Prairie (See 114). 14. Belleville. John M. Peck. ,Dec.,’47-’48 1— Jason Corwin. ■ Apr., ’49-’50 1— "Wm. F. Boyakin. .Apr.,’50-’51 1—3 H. E. Hempstead. ..Feb., 1852 —6 15. Bethany (See 126). 16. Bethel (See 261). 17. Big Spring (See 280). 18. Blandinsville (See 245). 19. Bloomfield (See 204). 20. Bloomfield Asso. David S. French. ..July,’50-’52 1—9 Fields and Missionaries. Date, Yrs. M. Wm. McMasters. .July,’50-’51 1— J. W. Riley. .Nov.,’49-’50 —6 i ( < < .Feb., ’52-’54 2— 21. Bloomington. Isaac D. Newell. .Feb.,’38-’40 1—6 Lyman Whitney. .Nov.,’44-’46 1—6 L. L. Lansing. .Nov.,’71-’72 —6 Geo. D. Monger, Ger... .Nov.,’74-’77 3— Henry Wernicke “ ... .Nov.,’78-’81 3— H. Fellman “ ... .Nov.,’81-’82 —3 22. Bradford. G. D. Kent. .Oct., ’71-’72 —9 23. Brimfield. Erasmus N. Jencks- .July,’54-’55 —9 24. Bristol and Yorkville. John Young. .May, ’54-’55 1— 25 Brooklyn (See 29). 26. Bunker Hill (See 284). 27. Bushnell. J. J. W. Place. .Nov.,’69-’71 2— Geo. P. Guild. .Nov.,’72-’73 —7 Niles Kiune. .Jan., 1874 —9 28. Byron. J. Edminster. .May, ’50-’53 3— 29. Byron and Brooklyn. J. Edminster. .May, ’53-’54 1— 30. Cairo. H. H. Richardson. • Oct., ’53-’54 —9 31. Cairo Fords (See 261 & 262). 32. Cameron. John C. Bolton. .Nov.,’69-’71 1—3 33. Canton Isaac D. Newell. .Nov„’41-’44 2— Alba Gross. .Oct., ’44-’46 1—9 34. Carbondale. David Matlock. .Jan., 1872 —6 35. Carbondale & Murphysboro. Jacob Cole. • Jan., 1874 1— 5GG mSTOKICAL table. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 36. Caiilinsville. Moses Lemen . .Apr., ’45-’46 1— 37. Carlinsville & Greenville. Mos(^ 8 Lemeu. .Sep.,’47-’48 1— 38. Cahmi. Tlios. Stokes . .Oct., ’53-’55 2— 39. Carrollton (See 4). 40. Carthage. Kuclolphus Weston.... .Nov.,’40-’42 2_ 41. Carthage & Warsaw. Norman Parks . .Jan., ’37-’39 2— 42. Centralia (See 202). I. S. Mahan. .Nov.,’63-’65 2— John W. Terry . .Dec., ’65-’66 1— C. A. Quirrelle . .Apr., 1874 —3 43. Central 11. R. Fred. Melchert, Ger _ .Jan., ’68-’70 3— 44. Champaign. Win. Remington . .Oct., ’65-’67 .Dec.,’70-’71 1—6 Will. M'ashington . 1— 1 < it .Apr., 1872 —9 45. Chatham. M. V. Kitzmiller . .Oct., ’70.’71 1— 4 < << .Apr., ’72-’73 1— 46 Chebanse. A. H. Esty . .Apr., ’71-’72 1— 47. Chester. D. L. Phillips . .Apr., ’52-’53 —9 M. B. Kellv . Feb., ’53- 54 1—9 O. L. Barler . . Nov , ’54 ’56 2— 48. Chicago. A. B. Freeman. .Aug.,’33-’34 1-4 Isaac T. Hinton. .July, ’35-’38 3— Lewis Yorgensou,Danes.]\Iav, ’(i4-’67 3— N. Nelson, Danes . . Julj ,’67-’69 1—9 Ed. Austermuhl, Ger... .Jan., 1866 1— J. F. Hoettlin, Ger. Feb . ’70-’71 1—3 Henry Nagel. Ger. .June, 1875 —5 J. J. Valkenaar, Hoi ... • Mar., ’69-’70 1— J. A. Edgren, Swedes... .Sep., ’70-'72 1—5 E. Wingren, Swedes.... .Oct., ’80-’82 —9 Wm. Schunke, Ger . . .Sep., ’80-’81 1— J. B. Sunth, Norw. .Nov..’80-’81 1— 49. Chillicothe C. D. Merit. .July,’51-’52 1— Nelson Alvord. .Dec.,’62-’53 1— 50. Cryst.al Lake. John Y'oung. .May,’63-’64 -11 51. Clark k Crawford Cos. A. J Fnson. .Oct.,’51-’52 1— 62. Clark k Cumberland Cos. L. W. P. Gilbert. .Oct., ’70-’72 2— 63. Clayton. P. P. shirlev. .Oct , ’73-’74 1— 54. l LLAl. k REEK ASSO. Reuben B. Gentry .. .Mar.,’40-’41 1— ( ( 4 < .Jan;, 2— 65. Clinton. H. R. Hicks. .Nov.,’72-’73 1— 56. Clinton & Fayette Cos. Wm. J. Cooley. .Mar.,’30-’40 4— 67. COLEHOUR. G. Mengel, Ger. .July,’81-’82 —9 68. Como ^See 149). 69. Concord & Wethersfield. 1. S. Mahan. • Jan., 1854 1— CO. Cook Co. J. F. Tolman. .May,’34-’35 1— Joshua E. Ambrose_ .Aug.,’34-’35 1— Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M' 61. CouDOVER (See 150). Chas. E. Brown time. Iowa). . June,’45-’46 1— 62. Crawford Co. (See 51). 63. CuMBERL-AND Co. (See 52). 64. Dan'ahlle. E. S. Graham. .Apr, ’73-’74 1—6 65. Decatur. Burton Carpenter. .Jan., ’47-48 1—3 Chas. H. Gates. .Apr., 1850 —9 Nelson Alvord. .Oct., ’51- 62 1— John M. Tolman. .Jan., ’54-'58 4— 66. Delavan. J. M. Scroggin. .Aug., 1852 —5 S. S. Martin. .May, ’63-’55 2— 67. Dixon. S. S. Martin. .Sep., ’49-’50 1— 68. Dover (See 225). Salmon Morton. .Apr.,’49-’60 1— G W. Benton. .Oct., ’51-’52 —6 69. Downer’s Grove. Spencer F. Holt. .Apr.,’52-’53 1— 70. Dundee. M. L. Wisner. .Nov.,‘44-’45 1— Chas. Button. .July, ’50-’63 3— 71. Dundee k Barrington. M. L. Wisner. .Jan., 1846 1— 72. Dundee and Elgin. Joshua E. Ambrose.... .Apr., ’41-’42 1— 73. Du Page. A. B. Hubbard. .Oct., ’35-’37 1—6 74. Du Quoin. R.S. Johnson. .Jan., ’64-’65 1—6 75. Earlville (See 224). 76. Earlville and Mendota. Nathan Denison. .Oct., 1854 _2 77. East St. Louis. Cyrus Thomas . .Nov ,’72-’74 1—6 78. Edgington (See 170). 79. Edwardsahlle (See 285). W. C. F. Hempstead... .May, ’70- 73 1 o 80. Effingham. Prentice H. Evans. .May, ’66-’68 2— A. Rhodes. . Aug.,’70-’73 2—8 H. B. Henslev. .Nov.,’73-’74 1— W. H. Wilson. .June, 1878 —3 81. Elgin (See 72). 82. Fahrenheit and Franklin. Jas. M. Stickney . .May, ’47-’48 1— 83. Farmington. J. V. Allison . .May, ’72-’75 3— 84. Farmington and Y'ates City. L. easier . .Jan., 1871 1— 85. Fayette Co. (See 56). 86. Fosterburg. C. Schoomaker, Ger_Apr., 1875 1— 87. Franklin (See 82). 88. Franklin Asso. Thos M. Vance . .Sep., ’46-’47 —4 < < t « .Apr,’50- 51 1— 89. Franklin and Saline Cos. Thos. M. Vance. .Apr.,’51-’52 1 — 90. Freeihirt. John P. Parsons. .Nov..’43-’45 2 _ Jas. Schofield. .Oct., ’45-’51 5—7 T. L. Breckenridge. .Oct., ’51-’52 1 — Thos. Reese. .Mar, 1853 —9 HISTORICAL TABLE. 567 Fields and Missionaries. Dale. Tr s.M. John H. Reints, Ger- .Jan., 1863 1— 91. Friendship (see 261). 92. Fulton. Wm. Roney. -Jan., ’66-’67 1—9 93. Fulton Co. (See 213). Nathaniel West. May, ’34-’37 3— 94. Galena. Warren B. Morey. Oct., ’40-’41 —9 Joel Wheeler. .Nov.,’43-’44 1—6 Otis Hackett. .Sep. ’44-45 —5 Lyman Palmer. .Dec.,’51-’52 -10 Asahel Chapin. June. 52-’56 4— Fi’ed Ketcham. June,’56-’58 2— 95. Galesburgh. J. C. Graves, Col. Ch... .Jan., 1869 1— 96. Gardner. AV.H.Card . .June,’67-’68 1— John Higby . . . .Nov.,’72- 73 1 — 97. Genesee, W. G. Johnson . .Oct., ’62-’63 1— 98. Granville. Otis Fisher . ..Jan., 1851 —6 99. Green Co. Elijah Dodson . .Nov.,’32-’35 3— Jacob Bower . . Mav, 1840 —6 Joel Sweet . .Feb..’41-’42 1— 100, Green and Jersey Cos. Elijah Dodson . .Oct., ’46-’47 1— 101. Green Garden (See 128'. Edward C. Jaiizen, Ger. .Mar., ’65-’66 1— Carl Ranz Ger. .July, ’66-’67 1— Chas. Ohlgart, Ger. .Sep., ’74-’75 —9 102. Greenville (See 37). W. D. H. Johnson. .Oct., ’51-’54 3— 103. Greenwood. J. Snashall. .Jan., 1872 —3 104. Griggs viLLE. Calvin Greenleaf. .June,’35-’38 3— 105. Half Moon (See 165). 106. Hamilton Co. (See 279). 107. Hancock Co. Norman Parks. ...Jan., 1836 1— 108. Hancock and Adams Cos J ohn Clark. '..Apr.,’34-’37 3— 109. Harding (See 207). 110. Harrlson Co. (See 282). 111. Havana. R. R. Coon. 1— 112. Henry Co. Chas. E. Tinker. .. June,’46-’50 4— Yrs.M. 113 lU Hickory Grove (See 248). Hopewell & Belle Prairie. E. M. Overstreet.July,’70-’71 115. Hyde Park. P. H. Dam, Danes and Norwegians .Nov. ’80-’82 116. Illinois (State). John M. Peck, Agent-Jan., 1833 “ “ “ “ ... .Dec ,’37-’39 “ “ “ (time Mo)June, 1841 Alvin Bailey, Agent.Apr,,’35-^36 Moses Lenien, •* .Apr., ’36-’37 Roswell Kimball, Agent.May,’40-’41 Dan. Dye (3^ time Iowa) Aug., ’44-’45 118. 119. 120 . 121 . 122 . 123, 124 125 126 127 1847 1- 1844 1- Fiehls and Missionaries. Date. . Jackson and R.andolph Cos. Henry S. Gordon.Jan., Jackson, Randolph, Union, and .\lexander Cos. Reuben B. Gentry.Jan., Jackson and Alexander Cos. H. H. Riehardson.Oct.,’52-’53 Jacksonville. Alvin Bailey.Oct.,’43-’45 “ “ .Jan., ’46-’47 A. W. Jackson.Nov.,’69-’72 Jersey Co (See 100). Jerseyville. Wm. F. Boyakin.Nov.,’47-’48 Justus Bulkley.Apr.,’49-’52 Joliet. Fred. W. Ingmire.Nov., 50-’51 Joliet and Lockport. Fred. W. Ingmire.Nov.,’48-’50 J. F. Childs.Aug.,’53-’64 W. D. Clark.Nov.,’54-’56 Jonesboro & Bethany. H. E. Hempstead.Apr.,’49-’51 Kankakee (See 237). G. W. Dodge.Aug.,’63.’64 John M. Whitehead... .Nov.,’64-’66 Ernest Tschirch, Ger... .Oct., ’64-’65 C. I'ecklenburg, Ger.. .July.’65-’67 A. Transchel, Ger. Sep., ’07-’69 2 N. Brink, Danes.Jan., ’81-’82 1 128. Kankakee & Green Garden. Ernest Tschirch, Ger.. .Oct.,’62-’64 2 129. Kendall Co. (See 136). 130. Knox Co. Garden Bartlett.Nov.,’33-’35 2 131. Knoxville. S. S. Martin.Oct.. ’43-’45 2 J. O. Metcalf.Nov.,’45-’46 1 Lemont & Orland. Willis Alden..May, 1871 Lanark. N. E. Chapin.Nov., ’72- 74 * La Salle. W. Levisee.Sep., '49- 50 T. L. Breckenridge.Nov.,’52-’54 i 135. La Salle Co. Thos. Powell.Apr.,’41-4 5 1 136. La .Salle & Kendall Cos. Hans Valder, Norw.Apr.,’48-49 1 137. La Salle A Lee Cos. ^ - Norman Warriner.Dec., ’46. 47 11 -9 _2 1 — 2 — — S o_ 132. 133 134 -6 -3 I.N. Hobart, Gen. Miss. (( <( •< 117. Indlan Creek (See 206). , Oct., ’68-’69 Oct., ’70’-74 1— Fred. Melchers, Ger... 1867 1— 139. Lebanon. Niles Kinne. ..Apr., 66’-’67 1— 1—3 J. Morris Lappin- 1— —1 1—6 140. Lee Co. (See 137). 141. Leland. J. 0. Metcalf. . .Feb., ’71-’72 1— —6 1— 1 142. Litchfield. Thos. M. Ind. ...May, 1866 —() 1—2 1— 143. Little Fort. Peter Freeman. ...Apr.,’45-’49 2—9 10—3 1— 144. Lockport (See 125). Joseph T. Robert, Jr. ...Cep., ’63-’64 —9 4— W. W. Ames. 2_ 1871 —6 HISTORICAL TARLE. 5()8 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Vrs.M. 145. Lor-i. J. F. Lathrop.Mar.,’64-’G5 1— 146. L(jUDE>r\'iLL,E (See 216). 147. LorisviLLE. J. II. Elkin.Apr., ’T0-’71 1— 148. Lyndon. Henry Cosmer.June,’46-’49 3— 149. Lyndon & Como. Henry C.smer.Sept.,’49-’ol 2— 150. Lyndon & Cordover. Tubal Wakeliekl.May, ’44-’45 1— 151. McDonough Co. John Logan.Feb.,’39-’40 1— 152. McHenry Co. J oel Wheeler.Apr., ’38-’41 3— 153. McLean. Jas. F. Merriam.Nov.,’70-’71 -10 154. McLean Co. E. Veach.Mar.,’38-’39 1—3 Isaac D. Newell.Oct.,’39-’40 1— 155. McLeansborouoh. Calvin Allen.May, ’72-’73 —9 156. Macomb. John Logan.Oct., ’37-’38 1 — 157. Macon (See 201). 158. Madison. Alvin Dailey.Nov.,’32-’33 -10 159. Malta. Jvhn Cauch.Nov., 1870 -11 160. IManchester (See 280). 161. Mattoon. J. W. Riley.Jan., 1866 1— 162. Mendota (See 76). 163. Metamora. A. D. Cramb.July,’51-’53 2 — 164. Metamora ifc Versailles. A. B. Cranib.July,’50-’51 1— 165. Metamora & Half Moon. C. 1). Merit.July,’54-’55 1— 166. ^Military Tract. John Logan.Oct., ’32-’37 4 — J. M. Chapman.Jan.,’35-’36 2— 167. Millersburg. D. J. Lloyd.JuIy,’38-’40 1—8 168. Milmine (See 259). 169. Minonk. Fred. Melchert, Ger... ..Jan., ’71-’75 4— Henry Fellman, Ger.. ...June,’80-’81 1—3 170. IMoline i'c Edgington. A. G. Eberhart. .. Juue,’52-’53 1— 171. )\Iomence (See 237). Win. Storrs. ..Sep., :5.3-’54 —6 John Higby. 1— 172. Monmouth. W. Levi.see. ..Nov.,’47-’48 —9 173. :Monticello (See 262). 174. Morgan Co. Win. Kinner. ...\ug..’32-’36 4— Win. .Spencer. ..Nov.,’32-’38 5—6 Jacob Bower. ..Nov..’32-’36 4— • < < < ..Nov.,’38-’40 1-6 Joel Sweet. —6 (< < < .. .Feb.,’39-’40 1 — 175. Morris. Gilbert S. Bailey.Mar., 1863 —9 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Vrs.M. 176. Mt. Carroll. J. V. Allison. May, ’53-’55 2— 177. Mt. Pulaski & Salt Creek. Lewis Morgan. Jan., ’46-’47 2— 178. Mt. Vernon. Daniel W. Morgan. July, ’71-’72 1— 179. Mowe.^qua & Assumption R. K. Coon. .Nov..’69-’71 2_ 180. Murphysboro (See 35). J. 11. Mize. .Oct., ’70-’71 —6 181. Naperville. Alba Gross. Aug.,’46-’48 2— Silas Tucker. .Apr.,’49-’52 3— 182. Nashville. D. C. .\dams. .Apr., 1870 —6 W. H. earner. Nov., ’73-74 1— 183. Newark. 1 Morgan Edwards. .Jan., 1845 1— John High}’. .Apr.,’52-’53 1— 184. New Bedford. N. F. Pierson, Swedes. .Dec., ’81-’82 —3 185. Nilwood. Justus Bulkley. .Jan., ’70-’71 2— W. C. Roach. .Feb.,’72-’73 1— 186. Nine Mile Asso. J. C. Wilson. .Oct.,’71-’74 3— 187. Noble and Olney. J. F. McCusick. .Jan.,’70-’72 2—6 188 Nokomis. J. M. Stifler. .May, ’70-’71 1—6 J. H. Mize. .Apr.,’73-’74 1—6 189. Norm.al. C. E. Taylor. .Jan.,’73-’74 1—3 190. Northern Illinois. Thomas Powell. .Oct., ’43-’44 1— I. N. Hobart. Gen. Mis., Oct.,’69-’70 1— Olof. Bergstrom, Swedes.Dec., ’70-’71 1— 191. Oakley (See 262). 192. Olney (See 187). 193. Olney As.so. David C. Walker. 1874 —9 194. Onarga. A. L. Jordan. .Oct., ’71-’72 —9 : 195. Oplain. 1 J. G. Porter. .Nov.,’35-’36 1— 196. OyUAWAKA. i Wm. T. Bly. .July, 1853 —3 1 E. N. Elton. .Jan., ’70-’72 2—5 197. Orland (See 132). 198. Oswego. 1 E. H. Sawyer. .Jan., 1873 —9 199. Ottawa. Samuel I.«add. .Aug., ’44-45 1— Norman Warriner. • June ’44-’45 1— John Higby. .Nov.. ’46-’50 3-11 Chas. Thompson. .Apr., 1851 —8 W. D. Clark. .Sep,, ’53-’54 1— 200. Palestine Asso. Stephen Kennedy. .May,’41-’43 2— A J. Fuson. .July, ’50-’51 1— L. W. P. Gilbert. Nov.,’73-’74 —6 201. Pana and Macon. R. R. Coon. Nov..’63-’64 1 — Henry H. Northrup. Mar.,’67-’69 2 — 202. Pana to Centralia. 1 1 J. M. Cochran. .Oct., ’66-’67 1 — i 203. Paris. 1 G. W. Riley. .Nov.,’45-’47 2 — HISTORICAL TABLE. 5G9 Date. Yrs.M. Fields and Missionaries. 204. Pakis and Bloomfield. G. W. Riley.Nov.,’47-’49 2— 205. Paw Paw Gbove & Somonauk. Normau Warriuer.June’45-’46 1— 206. Paw Paw Grove & Indian Creek. Norman 'Warriuer.Dec., ’47-’48 1— 207. Paw Paw Grove & Harding. Normal! Warriuer.Dec., ’48-’49 1— 208. Pavson. Thomas H. Ford.May, ’38-’40 1-10 Norman Parks.Jan.,’39-’40 2— 209. Pekin. Gilbert S. Bailey.Nov.,’51-’55 4— A. A. Russell .Jan., 1867 —3 J, J. Valkenaar, Hollan¬ ders .May, 70-’71 1 Chas. Ohlgart, Ger.Aug.,’81-’82 —6 210. Peoria. A. Riddler.Dec.,’37 38 —11 H. G. Weston.Nov.,’46-’47 1— J. Edminster.May, ’54-’57 2—3 I. S. Mahan, Adams St. Church.Sep.,’57- 58 6 Geo. D. Monger, Ger-Oct.,’63-’66 2—9 John Merz, Ger.June, 1866 —3 John H. Kruger.Oct., ’51-’57 5 9 << .< .Feb., 1860 —6 211. Peoria and Tremont. mc o 7 Isaac D. Newell.Nov., 43- 46 2—7 212 . Peoria Co, H. G. Weston.July. 1852 —3 213. Peoria & Fulton Cos. A. M. Gardner.Oct.,’37- 38 214. Petersburg. H. P. Curry. 215. Pigeon Grove and Point Pleasant. C. B. Seals.Jau., 1873 1— 216. Pigeon Grove & Loudenville. C. B. Seals.Apr., 217. PiNCKNEYVILLE. J.H.Mize.Apr.,’68-’70 2- 218. Plainfield. Joshua E. Ambrose.Aug., 35- 37 3— S. P. Ives.Apr., ’50-’.52 2— 219. Pleasant Grove. Isaac Marvin.Oct. ,’40-4- 2 John Bolton.June,’63- 65 2 220. Point Pleasant (See 215). Date. Yrs.M. 1—8 Fields and Missionaries, 228. Randolph & St. Clair Cos. H. S. Deppe, Ger.Mar,,’52-’54 229. Rantoul. H. H. Ballard.June,’71-’72 H. B. Johnson.Nov.,’72-’73 230. Rockford. —8 —6 L. J. Ahlst] 231. Rock Island. Iowa, L. L. Frisk. F. O. Neilson, Sw G. Palmquist, 232. Rock Island Asso. —6 .Mar.,’72-’74 2— 1874 —6 233. Rock Spring. A. B. Harris_ 234. Round Prairie. 235. Rushviele. .Nov.,’44-’45 —9 ,Nov.,’80-’82 a -11 ’42-’44 1— • May, ’44 ’45 -11 . Aug.,’46-’47 —9 .Dec.. ’47-’49 1—1 . Juue,’.50-’53 3— .Dec., ’62-’65 3— ,Nov.,’59-’60 —6 .Feb.,’o3-’54 1—9 .June,’50-’52 2— .Juue,’53-’54 —9 .June,’54 ’55 1— .Jan., 1843 1— .July,’44-’45 1— ,Oct., ’36-’37 1— .Oct., ’62-’64 2_ .Sep., ’69-’74 4— 221. Polo. John Young.Nov., 69- d 222. Pontiac. Fred. Ketcham.June, 63- 64 223. Princeton. F. B. Ives.Dec., 71- /3 A. B. Orgren, Swedes .. .Nov.,’80-’82 J. M. Florin, Swedes... .Jan., 1882 224. Princeton & Earlville. F. B. Ives.Dec.,’70-’71 225. Princeton & Dover. W. Levisee.Aj)r., ’46-’47 226. Quincy. Ezra Fisher.May, ’36- 40 Edwin C. Brown.July, ’40-’44 Charles Ross, Ger.Nov.,’74-’75 F. H. Petereit, Ger.Apr., ’79-’81 “'>27. Randolph Co. (See 118 & 119). H. S. Deppe, Ger.May, ’54-’55 1—5 2 — 1 — —3 1 — 3—6 2-10 1 — 3— 1 — 236. St. Anne. Louis Auger, French... it < < » 4 237. St. Anne, Kankakee & Momence. P. C. Pourmier, French.Oct., I860 238. St. Charles. Niles Kiune.July, ’50- 56 239. St Charles & Batavl4.. M. L. Wisner.Oct., ’43-’44 Ira Dudley.Apr , ’45-’47 240. St Clair Co. (See 228). Nathaniel Arnett.May, ’36-’39 241. St Clair & Washington Cos. David L. Phillips.Jan., ’47-’49 242. SoDORUs (See 259). 243. Saline Co. (See 89). 244. Salt Creek (See 177), 245. ScioTA & Blandinsville. J. H. Delano.Dec,,’70-’71 246, 247 —3 5—6 1 — 2—8 3— 2—5 1 — Shipman. John E. Ingham.Nov., 69-70 —3 Sidney. G. F. Willis.Oct.,’70- il 1- 248. Sidney & Hickory Grove. G. F. Willis.Oct., ’71-’72 249. Somonauk (See 205). John Young.Aug., o3- 54 Fred. Melchert, Ger.July, 63- 64 Fred. Thoms, Ger.Jan., ’66-’67 W. F. Stahl, Ger.Oct., ■‘72- 73 .< .< .Oct., ’80-’82 Henry Wernicke, Ger... .June,’74- 78 250. South District Asso. Moses Lemeu.Jan., 33-3o 251. Southern Illinois. David L. Phillips.Nov., 49-.51 I. S. Mahan .Nov.,’65-’71 D. P. French, Gen. Mis. .Jan., ’72- 74 R. C. Keele.Oct., ’73-’74 H. S. Deppe, Ger.Mar.,’51-’52 S. Kupfer, Ger.May, ’51- 53 -6 —9 -10 1—6 1 — 1—6 3— 3— 1— 5 5—6 2 — 6 —6 -10 2 - 570 HISTORICAL TABLE. 1 Fiel'ls and .Mis-donaries. Date. Yrs.M. 252. Springfield. J. Mei'riam. Apr., ’37-’39 2— Ambler Edson. June,’44-’45 1— Gilbert S. Bailey. Oct., ’46-’49 2—6 Peter Klein, Ger. Jan.. 1H71 1— ' Win. Papenhausen, Ger May, ’80-’82 1—9 253. Springfield Asso. Joel Sweet. Feb.,’40-’41 1— 254. Sugar Creek and Beaver Creek. Irenius Foulone, French Nov., ’59-’63 5— 255. Sycamore . John Young. .May, ’64-’65 1—6 256. Tamaroa. Arthur L. Wilkinson... .Nov.,’66-’67 —8 257. Tivoli Joel Sweet. Apr., ’50-’.51 1—3 John C. Bolton. .Jan., 1873 1— 258 Tremont (See 211). Samuel Ladd. Julv, ’46-’48 2— Gilbert S. Bailey. Oct., ’5U-’51 1—3 359. Tuscola, Milmine, Sodorus and Zion. Creighton Elliott. Apr., ’64-’65 1—6 260. Union Co. (See 119). 261. Union Dist., Cairo Fords, Friendship and Bethel. D. McArthur .Nov.,’70-’71 1— 262. Union Dist. Cairo Fords Monticello & Oakley. D. McArthur. ...Nov.,’71-’72 —8 263. Upper Alton. Jesse W. Dennison... . ..Dec., ’46-’47 1— 264. Urbana. Ira H. Rees. ...Oct., ’53-’54 —8 265. Vandalia. Wm. F. Boyakin. Geo. Stacy. J. R. Ford. ...Oct., ’40-’41 , ..Aug..’46-’48 . ..Dec., ’51-’62 1—3 1—6 1— 266. Vermillionville. Thos. Powell. . ..Oct., ’36-’41 4— 267. Ver-sailles (See 164). 268. Walnut. H. C. First. J. B. Brown. . ..Sep., ’71-’72 ...Apr., 1873 —9 —6 f'v lds and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 269. Warrknvili e. Joel Wheeler.May, ’41-’42 1— Philander Taylor.July, ’44-’45 1— 270. W^uiSAW (See 41), 271. Watseka. Daniel T. Johns.Aug.,’71-’72 —9 272. Washington. Win. T. Bly.Juue,’47-’50 3— 273. Washington Co. (See 241). 274. Waterloo. James B. Olcott.June,’38-’39 -10 275. Waverly. M. C, Davenport.Xov.,’73-’74 1— 276. Westfield Asso. Thos.J. Thornton.Nov.,’72-’73 1— 277. Wethersfield (See 69). 278. White Co. C. J. Kelly.Oct., ’69-’70 1— 279. White and Hamilton Cos K. G. Hay.Nov.,’71-’72 —3 280. Whitehall. Manchester AND Big Springs. Joel Sweet.Feb., 1842 —9 281. Winchester. Gardner Bartlett.July,’32-’33 -10 282. Winnebago & Harrison Cos. Chas. Button.Mar., '46-’47 1— 283. WOODBURN. Elijah Dodson.Jan,, 1836 1— “ “ .Mar.,’39-’40 1—2 284. WooDBURN & Bunker Hill. Silas C. James.Sep., ’46-’47 1— 285. WooDBURN & Edwardsville. W. D. H. Johnson.Dec.,’48-’60 2— 286. Woodford Co. (See 138). 287. Woodstock. S. M. Brown.Nov.,’63-’54 1— 288. Yates City (See 84). 289. Yorkville (See 24). 290. Zion (See 259). Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 1. Adams Co. Daniel Palmer. ...Dec.,’34-’36 2_ 2- Allen a: Wells Cos. Robert Tisdale. . ..Dec..’45-’46 —7 James H. .\llyn. 1— 3. .Allen, Wells & Hunting- TON Cos. James B. .Allyn. ...Apr.,’52-’53 1— 4. .Angola (See 83). 5. Antioch (See 143). 6. .Attica. John G. Kerr. .—4 E. L. M. Minis. 2— Lewis McCreary. ...Oct.,’67-’68 1— 7. Bedford. William McNutt. .Oct.,’06-’68 2— 8. Bedford .Asso, Robert M. Parks. .. .Nov.,’52-’.54 2— < ( • < .. .Sep.,’63-’65 2_ Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. Thomas N. Robertson.. .Nov.,’.52-’53 1— Hardin Burton. .Nov.,’63-’54 —10 9. Belleville. John Jones. .Jan., 1844 1— • •••• •••••* • .Dec.,’47-’48 1— 10. Bethel As.so. A. G. Newgent. .Dec.,’52-’53 1— 11. Bloomington. Reuben Coffey. .Nov.,’36-’37 1— Thomas N. Robertson.. . July,’45-’46 1— «< n .Nov.,’53-’54 —11 A. C. Davidson. .Feb.,’76-’79 3— 12. Bloomington & Springville. James H. Dunlap.Nov.,’46-'47 —11 13. Blufftown k Warren. Abel Johnson. .Jan.,’52-’54 3— 14. Boonville. William McConnell .... .Dec.,’53-’54 1— HISTORICAL TABLE 571 Fields and Missionaries Date . Yrs . M . 15. Brookville. Eli Rees. .May,’52-’54 2-6 i 16. Brownstown Asso. William Gillaspy. .Mar.,’63-’54 1— 17. C.ffiSAR’s Creek. Fred. Melchert. Ger... .Nov.,’64-’66 0_ C. A. F. S. Bersch, Ger. .Sep.,’80-’81 1— i 1 18. Cambridge. A. S. Ames. .May, ’60-’68 1 2_ 19. Cass & Wabash Cos. Samuel Deweesee. .May,’47-’48 1— 20. Chesterfield (See 92). F. M. Buchanon. .Jan. 1868 —9 21. Columbia City. Lviiian Wilder. .Nov.,’56-’58 2— J. L. McLeod. .Dec.,’58-’60 2— A. Snider. .Jan., 1871 1— 22. Columbus. David J. Huston. .Oct., ’63-’64 —6 23. CONNERSVILLE & RUSHVILLE. —6 William Leet. .Nov.,’52-’53 24. Covington. David S. French. ..Julv,’45-’46 1— Janies French. ..Apr.,’47-’49 2— 25. Crawfordsville. William M. Pratt. ..June,’39-’41 2-10 26. Crown Point, Eagle Creek & Lowell. Timothy H. Ball. —9 27. Danville. John Jones. ..Dec.,’50-’51 1— 28. Dearborn Co. (See 40). 29. Delphi. William Rees. ..Sep., ’32-’39 6— J. C. Post. -11 30. Eagle Creek (See 26). 31. Economy. Samuel Hervey. . .May, ’45-’46 1— 32. Edwardsport. Henry Wernicke, Ger.. ..June, 1874 —3 33. Elkhart. L. A. Alford. 1—6 E. a. Russell. 1—1 W. A. Clarke. 1— Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 39. Fkanki.in. A. li. Hinkley.Apr., 1841 —5 40. Franklin, Dearborn and Ripley Cos. Daniel Palmer ..Nov ’33-’34 1— 41. Franklin & Johnson Co.s. Samuel Harding.May, 1835 —G 42. Freedom Asso. Prentice T Palmer.Nov.,’51-’53 2— 43. Fulton Co. James Babcock.Oct.,’52-’53 1— 44. Goshen. R.H. Cook . ...Apr.,’.52-’.53 1— Charles Ager. 3— Addison M. Buck ... 2— 45. Gosport. Ben). B. Arnold. ...Nov.,’44-’45 1— J. D. Crabs. 1— 46. Greencastle. John G. Kerr. .. .Feb.,’47-’49 1—9= Wm. M. Davis. ...Sep., ’52-’53 —6 Geo. F. Pentecost- .. .May, ’64-’66 2— Robt. M. Parks. ...Jan.,’67-’68 1—9 47. Greensburg. Joshua Currier. 1— D. J. Hasten. 1— 48. Harrison Co. (See 106). 49. Hartford. William Chaffee . ....Dec.,’50-’62 1—5 50. Hartford & New Corydon. William Chaffee. _Dec.,’52-’53 1— 51. Hendricks Co. John Jones. ....Dec.,’48-’49 1— 52. Hendricks & Putnam Cos. John Jones. ...June,’41-’44 3— 53. Huntington. H. C. Skinner. _Feb..’51-’52 1—S Jas. H. Dunlap. ....Feb., 1857 —9 L. B Chamberlin- .., .Nov.,’57-’59 1—3 Jas. Goodrich. .. ..Nov.,’59-’61 2— Chas. Morton. ... .July, ’66-’67 1— S. A. King-sbury. ....Oct., ’67-’68 1— 54. Huntington Co. (See 3) 55. Huntington, Miami AND Wabash Cos. Geo. Sleeper. _Feb., ’44 ’47 o — 34. Elkhart River Asso. Eli.iab Barnes. R. H. Cook... J. L. McLeod. Lyman Wilder. 35. Evansville. Nicholas V. Steadman. Joseph A. Dixon . I. G. Werthuer, Ger- Geo. F. Mayer, Ger- C. Teckleuburg, Ger... 36. Evans-vhlle Asso. Asa Marsh.. William McConnell... 37. Fayette Co. William Miller. Sep , ’47-’48 Jnne,’57-’59 Apr., ’61-’65 Jan., 1865 June,’47-’50 Sep., ’50-’54 ,May, ’56-’o7 Jan., 1864 .Oct.,’67-’78 Dec , ’52-’54 Dec.,’52-’53 Apr., ’38-’41 38. Ft. Wayne. William Cox.Oct., ’40-’41 William Gnildersleeve.. .Nov.,’41-’43 James H. Dunlap.May, ’44- 45 H. D. Mason.Mar.,’47-’48 Stedman B.. Searle.Apr., 1848 J. D. Mee.son. May,’50-’52 U. B. Miller.June.’53-’54 2— 9 3— 8 1 — —3 11 - 1—9 -10 2-11 1 — 1—3 1—2 1 — —5 0 _ 1 — 59. Huntington Asso. Jas. H. Dunlap.Jan.,’60-’61 Indiana (State). M. Fairfield, Agent-Jan., 1833 Samnel Harding, “ -Feb., 1834 Samuel Hervey, “ ... .May,’44-’45 Win. M. Pratt, Itin.Nov ,’43-’44 E. D. Owen. Expl. Agt... June,^ 1847 Samuel Deweesee. May,’49-’..U Nicholas V. Stedman, Expl. Agent.Apr., ’50- 56 U. B. Miller. Expl. Agt. . .June,’56-’57 LvmauWilder, Gen. Miss.Nov., 59- 62 A* S. Ames. Gem Miss’y . .Nov.,’65-’66 F. D. Bland, Gen. Miss’y .Mar.,’66 ’69 A. Henrich, Ger.June, 1875 INDIAN.A.POLIS. Ezra Fisher.Nov., 3--3o Timothy R. Cressy. June,’46-52 Sidney Dyer.Nov.,’52-’5.3 G. Koopman, Ger. Ernest Tschirch, Ger... .June, 7u i9 Indianapolis Asso. John Jones.Dec., ol- 2 — 1 — —9 1 — -10 —1 1 — 5—3 1— 4 2 — 2 —5 2—9- — 1 J. ““ 6 — 1 — 6 — 2 — HISTORICAI. TABLE. 572 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. GO. 61. jEFFER-^iON Co. (See 62). J EFFERWINATLLE. William Svm.. ..Jan., 1852 —9 62. Jennings k Jefferson Cos. Tbos. Hill, Jr. 1— 63. 64. Johnson Co. (See 41). La Grange Co. Henry J. Hall. ..May, ’33-’37 4— 65. La Porte. Timothy Spaulding... ..Mar.,’35-’36 1— 66. La Porte k St. Joseph Cos. Alexander Hastings... ..reb.,’45-’46 1— 67. 68. Lake Co. (See 111). La WRENCEBFRG. George Matthews. ..Oct.,’34-’38 4— 69. Lebanon. Ira H. Rees. —6 70. Lima. R. H. Cook 0^ time in Sherman, Mich.).Julv,’48-’49 —9 71. Lima and Ontario. R. H. Cook. ..Apr.,’49-’50 1— 72. Little York. William McCoy ...... ..Nov.,’52-’53 1— 73. Livonia. M'illiam McCoy. ..Nov.,’54-’57 3— 74. Logansport. C M. Richmond. ..Sep , ’47-’48 —6 75. 76. Lowell (See 26;. Madison. Reuben Mowry. ..Dec.,’36-’37 1— 77. Madison Co. Nathaniel Richmond.. ..Dec., 1833 —1 J. L. Richmond .. . . ..Mar.,’33-’34 —6 78. 79. Manche.ster (See 106). Marion Co. Thos. C. Townsend ... ..Aug.,’35-’36 1— Madison Hume. ..Aug.,’41-’42 1 — 80. 81. 82. M.arshall (See 108l Miami Co. (See 55). Michig.an City. N. G. Chase . 1— 83. Milgrove and Angol^v. A. S. Ames. .” . ..Feb.,’51-’52 1— 84. 85. Mill Creek (See 97). Mishawaka (See 129). IMoses Clark. . ..May, 1846 —6 86. Monroe Co. Reuben Coffey. 4— 87. Monticello. Stedmaii B. Seaii. ..Mar., 1839 — 5 88. Morgan Co. John Jones. 1— Beuj. B. Arnold. ..Nov.,’46-’47 1— 89. -ilORGAN AND OWEN CoS. Beiij. B. Arnold. 1— 90. 91. Mt. Gilead (See 127). Muncie. Isaac Bloomer . ..Nov ,’63-’64 1— 92. IMencie and Chesterfield. J. C. Skinner. . .May,’66-’68 1—9 93. New Albany. Wm. Hildreth. 3— 94. New Corydon (See 50 '. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Vrs.M. 95. New Philadelphia. Wm. McCcy.Mar.,’47-’48 1— 96. New Philadelphia & Salem. Wm. McCoy.Mar..’48-’60 2— 97. New Philadelphia. Salem, Mill Cheek and New Providence. Wm. McCoy. Auk..’66-’68 2— 98. New Providence (See 97 & 134). 99. Northern Asso. Jas. Martin. .July,’39-’42 2-11 G. F. Braytou. July,’ 53-’51 1— Wm. A. Hitchcock. .Sep.,’64-’65 1 — John M. Whitehead_ .Aug.,’55-’57 0_ Adolphus Patze, Ger.... Mar., 1857 —6 100. Ontario (See 71). 101. Orland. A. S. Ames. .Feb., ’50-’51 1— < < n .Mar.,’52-’53 1— 102. Owen Co. (See 89). 103. Paoli. I. D. Crabs. Apr., ’52-’63 1— 104. Pendleton. Nathaniel Richmond... .Nov.,’36-’37 1— tf ti .Apr., ’43-'44 1— 105. Peru. C. M. Richmond. .Oct., ’50-’51 -3 106. Peru k Harrison Cos. C M. Richmond. .Apr , ’48-’49 -11 107. Pipe Creek (See 135). Samuel Deweese. .May,’48-’49 1— 108. Pipe Creek & Manchester. J. W. Nve. .Feb., 1853 —9 109. Plymouth. Wm. M. Simons. May, ’59-’61 1—9 110. Plymouth & Marshall. J. M. Maxwell. .Nov.,’51-’54 2—5 111. Porter and Lake Cos. Wm. T. Bly. .Feb.,’45-’46 1— 112. Printer’s Retreat. Daniel Palmer. .Dec., ’36-’37 1— 113. Putnam Co. (See 52). 114. Rensselaer. L. McCleary. .Apr., ’64-’65 1—6 115. Richmond. E. D. Owen. .Mav, ’37-’39 2— J. P Agenbroad. .Mar.,’65 ’72 6-11 116. Ripley Co. (See 40). 117. Rising Sun. Wm. Johnson. (14 time).Mar.,’47-’49 2— T. AVarn Beagle. .Aug.,’66-’68 2— 118. Rochester. J. Barnitt. .Dec., ’66-’68 1—9 T. G. Lamb. .Mar., 1869 —9 119. Rockaulle. David S. French. Dec., ’46-’48 2— 120. Rushville (See 23). 121. St. Omer. Joshua Currier. .June,’41-’42 1— 122. Sal-\manca River As.so. Franklin G. Baldwin... .June.’43-’48 6— Robert Tisdale. .Dec., ’43-’45 2— j 123. Salem (See 96 k 67). 1 124. Seymour. j Jos. H. Sedwick. 1— 1 J. De Garmo. .Oct., ’66-’68 1—6 HISTOKICAL TABLE. 573 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 125. Shelby Co. Eliplialet Williams.Mar.. ’34-’.‘15 —9 J. V. A. Wood.Maj', ’34-’3(5 2— Lewis Morgan.Mar.,’34-’36 1—9 126. Shelbyville. John Reece.Oct., ’51-’52 1— “ ‘ Apr.,’54-’55 1— A. S. Ames.May, ’63-’64 1 — Jos. L. Irwin.May,’64-’67 3— J.B. Shaft..Mar.,’68-’70 2— 127. Shelbyville and Mt. Gilead. John Reece.Apr.,’53-’54 1— 128. South Bend. E. T. Manning.Sep.,’46-’47 1- 129. South Bend and Mishawaka. Win. M. Pratt.Nov.,’44-’45 —6 130. Spaeta. A. R. Hinkley.Oct., ’36-’37 1— 131. Spencee. J. V. A. Wood.May,’33-’34 1— 132. Speingville (See 12). 133. Stilesville. John Jones.Dec., ’46-’47 1_ “ “ .Dec., •49-’50 1— 134. Stilesville & New Peovidence. John Jones.Dec., ’45-’46 1— 135. Stony Ceeek & Pipe Ceeek. Michael White.Nov ,’51-’52 _11 136. SWITZEELAND CO, Daniel Palmer.Dec.,’37-’42 4—9 137. Teeee Haute. Jos. A. Dixon.Apr.,’46-’50 4— Wm. Leggett.Apr., 1850 —3 Fred. Snyder.July,’52-’63 —8 Daniel Taylor.Jan., 18.54 —3 J R. Ash.Sep., ’54-’56 1—9 Fields and Missionaries. Date. I "rs.M 138.,Tippecanoe Co. Loyal Fairman. .Mar., ’33-’34 1— 139. Tippecanoe Asso. Peter Webb. .July, ’39-’41 2— John Hill. .Jan., ’41-’43 3— Madison Hume. . May, ’4.5-’46 -11 David S. French. .Apr., ’52-’55 3— 140. Valpaeaiso. Wm. T. Bly. .Feb.,’40-’47 1— A. Nickerson. .May, 1851 -3 Harry Smith. .Aug.,’54-’57 3— 141. Vincennes. Jas. S. Gillespie. .Jan., ’63-’68 6—9 L. D. Robinson. .Aug.,’69-’70 —9 Benj. F. Cavins. .June,’71-’72 1—6 142. Wabash. E. W. Cressy. .Jan.,’51-’52 1-3 Edwin C. Brown. .Aug., 1852 —3 H. C. Skinner. . July. ’.54-’60 5—9 W. N. Wyeth. .Oct., ’70-’71 -10 143. Wabash & Antioch. Jas. B. Allvn. . June,’64-’05 1— 144. Wabash Co. (See 19 & 15). 145. Waeeen (See 13). 146. Washington Co. Isaiah D. Crabs. .Jan., 1837 1— Geo. Matthews. .Oct., ’41-’42 —9 147. Wells Co. (See 2 & 3). 148. Westville. John M. Whitehead.... .Feb..’57-’60 3— J. McCleary.Jan., 1866 149. Whitewatee Valley Asso. —9 Ira C. Perrine. .Oct., ’50-’55 5— Samuel Hervey. .Sep., ’54-’55 -11 150. Wolf Lake. Elijah Barnes. .Nov.,’45-’46 1— INDIAIV TERRITORY. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 1. Blue Station. Miss Anne E. Allston... .Mar., 1880 —3 2. Boggy Depot. Z. T. Thistle, Col. Peo.. .July, 1881 —2 3. Cheeokee Indians (See 7). John B. Jones. .Sep., ’65-’67 1—4 Smith Christie. .Jan., 1867 —9 Geo. Swimmer. .Nov.,’67-’82 14-3 U-yu sa-da. .Mar.,’67-’81 13-9 Frank Howard. .Nov.,'’71-’73 1-11 Adam L. Lacie. . July,’72-’82 9—3 Edward Newton. .Nov., 1874 —6 S. Sanders. .Jan., 1881 1— Moses Ridge. .Feb.,’81-’82 1— Dan’1 McIntosh, Col.Peo.Dec., ’80 ’82 1— B. McIntosh. Mar. ,’81-’82 1— 4. Choctaw Indians. Frank Howard. July, ’75-’77 2— J. A. Trenchard.. .Jan., ’76-’80 4— Daniel Rogers. .Oct.,’75-’76 —6 6. Choctaw & Chickasaw Feeedmen. G. W. Dallas. July, ’81-’82 —9 6, Ceeek Indians. Jas. Perrvman. Dec., ’66-’67 1— John D. Bemo. .Dec.,’66-'67 1— Wm. Ross.. .Mar.,’08-’69 1— Fields and Missionaries. Date. Trs.M. John Kernal, Col. Peo.. .Mar.,’68-’82 12-6 Mundy Durant, Col. Peo Mar.,’68-’74 4—6 “ “ < ’na >170 o rt < ( 4 < < . ..June,’76-’79 2—9 Daniel Perryman... .Nov. ’76-’78 1—9 7. Ceeek & Cheeokee Indians. Wm. McComb. .June,’75-’76 1— 8. Ceeek h Seminole Indians. Wm. McComb. 2—7 9. Indian Teeeitoey. John B. Jones, Gen. Mis.Sep., ’67-’71 3—3 «< (( 1 < “ Oct.. ’74-’75 —8 T. R Ferguson. .Feb., 1870 —6 G. W. Ingalls, Gen Miss.May, ’76-’78 2—2 Daniel JR-ogers, “ .May, ’76-’82 5—6 Mrs. Sarah A. Kell 3 % Col. Peo. 1—7 10. McAllistee. • J. A. Trenchard. _Jan., ’80-’81 1—6 11. Noe. East Ind. Tee. (small tribes). G. H. Goodwin. ... —6 12 Pyeon Ceeek. Wm. Lenty. 1— 574 HISTORICAL TABLE. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 13. Sac, Fox, Delaware, Shawnee A: Kickapoo Indians. David King.Jan., 1880 —9 Win. Hurr.Mar.,’81-’82 1— 14. Sesiinole Indians (See 8). A. J. Holt.Oct., ’76-’77 1— 1.5. ViNiTA & Northeast Ind. Ter. M. W. Akers.Oct., ’80-’81 —9 Indian Educational Work. IG. Tahlequah. Indian University. A. C. Bacone, Pres.Sep., ’80-’82 1—7 Ercediiien’s Educational Work, Schools for Choctaw and Chickasaw Freedmen supported mainly by Government funds. 17. Atoka. J. B. H. O’Reilly. .Sep., ’79-’80 1—2 Z. T. Thistle. ,.Feb., 1882 —4 18. Boggy Depot. E. L. Marston. .Sep., ’78-’76 -10 Z. T. Thistle. .Sep., 1881 —4 Miss Rosetta Gibson... .Feb., 1882 —3 19. Cherokeetown. Mrs. Annie E. Kemp... .Sep., ’81-’82 -10 Fields and Missionai-ies. Date. Y i-s. M. 20. Council House. Miss S. H. ('haiupney. ..Sep., ’78-’80 1—7 T. N. Johnson. ..Jan., 1880 —5 21. Doak-sville. Miss Maiy A. Rounds. ..Feb.,’81-’82 —9 22. Fort Coffee. T. N. Johnson. ..Jan., 1881 —5 T. T. Thuston. . .Sep., ’81-’82 —4 23. L.\ke West. Miss Mary A. Rounds. . .Sep., ’78-’81 2—4 24. Muskogee. Robert A. Leslie, Creek Freedmen.Sep., ’78-’79 1 — 25. Red River. John P. Lawton. ..Sep., ’78-’80 1-11 26. Red Rock. John P. Lawton. ..Mar.,’81-’82 -10 27. Shoneetown. G. W. Dallas.t_ ..Feb., 1881 —2 Mrs. H. L. Dallas. . .Sep., ’81- 82 —7 28. Stonewall. J. R. Banks. ..Feb.,’81-’82 -10 29. Sulphur Springs. John P. Lawton. ..Nov.,’80-’81 —4 30. Washita. James R. Banks. . .Sep,, ’78-’81 2-4 31. Wheelock. G. W. DaUas. ..Sep., '78-’81 2—7 IOWA. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 1. Adel and Panora. 17. Black Haw’k Co, Lemuel Yarnall. ..Oct.,’59-’61 1—9 J. Henrickson, Danes.. .. June,’75-’76 —6 2. Afton. 18. Bloomington (See 68). Archibald Robbins.... ..Oct., ’65-’67 1—6 Jesse N. Seeley. ..Oct., ’44-’47 2—6 3 T ■PT A Solomon B. Johnson.. . .Nov.,’48-’49 —5 Thos. J. Arnold. -11 Alfred H. Tavlor. —9 4. Algona. 19. Bonaparte. Jas. Jeffreys, Welsh... . .Nov.,’69-’70 1— Edward O. Towne. ..Nov.,’51-’53 1-11 Jas. Mountain. ..Nov.,’80-’82 1—3 Milton Sutton. ..May, ’54-’56 2— 5. Algona and Ft. Dodge. 20. Boone. Wm. Leggett. ..May,’64-’65 1—5 H. N. Millard. ..Oct., ’79-’80 1— 6. Allerton. 21. Boonsboro, Jefferson & Nevada. Clayton E. Higgins.... ..Jan.,’81-’82 —7 A. W. Russell. ..Oct., ’63-’65 2— 7. Anamosa. 22. Boone, Webster & Hamilton Cos. N. B. Homan. 2— C. P. Frodig, Scand.... ..Jan., 1867 1— 8. Anamosa and Fairfield. 23. Brighton. N. B. Homan . .. June,’66-’67 1— William Elliott. ..Sep., ’52-’53 1— 9. Andrews Co. (See 60), J. C. Burkholder. ..Oct., ’64-’66 1—6 10 AtT AVTTP. 24. Brighton —3 55. Danville. Wm. A. Wells.Dec., ’50-’51 —9 56. Danville k Denmark. Wm. A. Wells.Dec., ’49-’60 1— 57. Davenport. Calvin Greenlcaf.June, 1839 —2 Charles E. Brown time ill Illinois).Jnne,’42-’43 1— B. F. Brabrook.Isov. ’45-’48 2—7 Alfred H. iaylor.July,’48-’49 -10 T. H. Archibald.June,’49-’51 2— Edward M. Miles, 2d Ch. June,’52-’55 3—7 Isaac Butterfield, 2d Ch.Oct.,’59-’60 1 — Edward J. Deckman, Ger. Juue,’66-’69 3— Wm. Fasching, Ger.Mar.,’72-’75 3—6 C. K. Keller.Gcr,.Nov.,’81-’82 —3 58. Davenport & Bloomington. Ezra Fisher.June,’41-’44 2—5 59. Davenport Asso. Chas. E. Brown.June,’43-’44 1—3 60. Davis & Andrew Cos. Horace Eaton.Oct., ’44-’45 1— 61. Delhi. C. D. Farnsworth.Aug.,’54-’65 1— 62. Delhi & Manchester. John Y. Atchison.July, ’60-’64 4— 63. Denison. Geo. Scott.Aug.,’66-’67 1— “ .Oct., ’68-’69 1— Robert Dunlap.July,’71-’72 1— 64. Denmark (See 16 & 56). Wm. A. Eggleston.Oct., ’59-’60 1 — J. M. Coggeshall .Dec., ’62-’63 —3 43. Cherokee. A. W. Hilton. .. Apr.,’72-’73 1- < ( ...Apr., ’74-’75 1— J. Edminster.. . ..Mav,’78-’80 2— Geo. H. Brown. 1—3 44 Clear Lake.? J L. Coppoc. ..May, 77-’78 1 — H. C. Nash. 1— 45. Clarinda . L. L. Cloyd. —4 46. Clinton (See 128). Wm. G. Moore. . June,’65-’66 -11 Wm. Roney. ...Oct., ’67-’68 1—3 47. COLESBURGH. C. D. Fai-nsworth. 2— 48. Coldwater (See 177). 49. Conway k Grand Centre. T. K. Tyson. , ..Nov.,’81-’82 —3 50. Corning k Villesca. W. K. MiUer. 1—2 51. Council Bluffs Wm. Leach (>^ time in Nebraska). ..June,’65-’57 1— T. F. Thickstun. . .July, ’68-’79 10- Theodore Hessel, Scand. ( time in Nebraska).Sep.,’69-’70 1— C. Jensen, Scand. 2—6 52. Council Bluffs Asso. Anthonv Jacobs. —3 65. Des Moines. J. A. Nash.Dec.,’50-’53 3— W. Washington, Col.Peo.July,’80-’81 1—4 66. Des Moines Co. Alexander Evans.Jan., 1837 1— 67. Des Moines & Henry Cos. Alexander Evans.Mar. ,’41- ’43 2— 68. De Witt. James M. Lackey.Oct.,’65-’66 1— 69. Dubuque. Burton Cariienter.July, ’43-’44 1— Edwards. Byron.Sep., ’44 ’45 —6 T. H. Archibald.June,’47-’49 2— G. W. Gorham.Nov.,’49-’50 1 — N S. Bastion.May, ’53-’54 1 — Thomas S. Griffith.July,’54-’57 3— Asahel Chapin.OcL, ’63- 69 6— C. H. Kimball.Nov.,'79-’80 — J. B. Thomas.Sep., ’80-’82 1— 70. Dunlap. Frank W. Foster.Apr.,’80-’81 -10 71. East Des Moines. D. D. Proper.Apr., ’80-’81 —9 T, J. Keith.June,’81-’82 —8 72. Eddtville. J. O. Wilson.June,’64-’66 2— 73. Eldora. T. F. Babcock.Jan., ’80-’81 1—6 74. Elgin. J. F. Hoefflin, Ger.Oct., ’79-’81 2— William Schunke,Ger_Oct.,’81-’82 —6 on 570 HISTORICAL TABLE. i V Fields and .^fissionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 75. Exira (See 12). 76. Fairbank, Barclay and Grove Hill. J. F. Ilaircleii. ..Aug./63-’65 o 77. Fairfield (See 8 & 24.) M. J. Post. ..Sep.,’46-’47 1— Isaac, Leonard. ..Mav, ’63-’64 1 — Chauncy Darby. . .Mav,’6.5-’67 2— Geo. A. Hertzog. ..Nov ,’81-’82 1—3 78. Fair VIEW. 1. N. Anderson. ..Nov.,’80-’81 —6 79. Farmington. Daniel Jewett. ..July, ’41-’42 —4 <« << ..June,’46-’47 1— Leonard Ill.slev. ..Nov.,’48-’49 —6 William H. Turton... ..Oct.,’50-’55 5— John Lewelling. ..Oct., ’64-’65 1— 80. Fort Dodge (See 5). H. D. Weaver. ..June,’72-’74 2— Horace L. Bower. ..Oct., ’74-’75 -11 81. Fort IMadison. Thomas Powell. ..July,’78-’80 1 o 82. Fox and New Purchase. M. J. Post. ..Sep., ’43-’45 2_ 83. Fulton. H. Schroeder, Ger. ..Oct., ’81-’82 —6 84. Glasgow (See 25). 85. Glenwood. J. C. Otis. 3— 86. Gowrie. E. G. O. Groat. ..Nov.,’80-’81 —6 J. M. Bay. —2 87. Grand Junction. E. G. O. Groat . ..Oct., ’79-’80 —6 J. F. Childs . ..Nov.,’80-’81 1—3 88. Grant City (See 180). 89. Greensburg . David J. Huston . ..Apr.,’53-’54 1— 90. Grinnell. F. D. Kickerson . ..Nov.,’59-’60 1— L. S. Livermore. 1— 91. Grove Hill (See 76). 92. Grundy Centre. S. H. Mitchell. ..Oct.,’79-’81 2—1 93. Hamburg. P. M. McLeod. ..July,’71-’72 -10 Geo. W. Robey . ..Jan., 1873 1— 94. Hamilton Co. (See 22). 95. Hardin & Rossville. James Scofield . ..Apr., ’58-’60 2— 96. Hartford. Benj. B. .\mold . ..Oct., ’.54-’56 1—6 t < 4 < ..Mar.,'58-’59 1— 97. Hartford & Indianola. Benj. B. Arnold . ..Oct., ’53-’54 1— 98. Henry Co. (See 67). 99. Humboldt (See 123). 100. , Ida Grove. J. W. Daniels . —6 C. A. McManis . ..Aug.,’81-’82 —6 101, . Independence. John Fulton . ..Oct., ’59-’66 7— Wm. C. Learned . ..Oct., ’6f)-’67 —9 A. D. Bush. -10 102, , Indianola. (See 97). 103, . Iowa (State). Hezekiah J ohnson .... . .Feb., ’40-’44 4— Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. Jesse N. Si'cley. .Oct.,’43-’44 —9 William Elliott. .Sep.,’43-’44 —1 DanTDye(*< time.Ill.). .Aug.,’44-’45 1 — A Miner, Jr. (•* “ Wi8.).June,’46-’48 1—6 B. F. Brabrook. Ex. Ag’t . June,’48-’53 4-10 Ira D. Blanchard. .Oct.,’48-’49 1— Watson Clark (54 time. Wis ). .Sep., ’52-’53 —6 Thos. Powell, Expl. Ag’t.Dec., ’56-’58 2—1 James Sunderland, Gen’l Missionary. .Apr..’80-’82 1—9 E. Bockenoogen, Hoi... .July,’63-’54 1— Theo. Hessell, Scand.(54 time, Dak.). May, ’76-’79 3— A. Norelins, Swedes_ .July, ’56-’67 1— “ ” (54 time. Dak.).Jan., 1872 1— 104. Iowa Central Asso. (See 39). J. Ellis Guild. .Apr.,’60-’61 1— 105. Iowa City. Warren B !Morey. .Oct. ’41-’42 1— Dexter P. Smith. .May, ’45-’51 5—4 A. Russell Belden. .Dec., ’51-’.54 3— 106. Iowa City, Marion & Ce- DAR River. Warren B. Morey. .Mar.,’43-’44 1—6 107. Iowa Falls. A. L. Farr. .Rep., ’60-’69 3— 0. A. Holmes. .Dec.,’64-’65 1— 108. Janesville (See 217). T. H. Judson. .Jan.,’67-’68 1—2 109. JA.SPER Co • Elijah Evans. .Aug.,’53-’54 1— J. Ellis Guild. .Apr., 1858 —3 110. Jefferson (See 21). Hiram Burnett. .June,’52-’53 1— E. Crane. .Oct., ’54-’55 1— A. W. Ru8.sell. .Nov.,’05.’66 1— 111. Jefferson Co. (See 21 & 210). 112. Jessup (See 166). < 113. Jones Co. (See 34). 114. Keokuk. Jesse N. Seeley. .Apr., 1847 —9 ♦ James M. Hope. .June, 1848 —6 Elihu Gunn. ,Nov., ’49-’55 6— Thos. S. Griffith.^p., ’59-’63 4— . ■ John T. Westover. .Jan., ’68-’69 2— 115. Keokuk Asso. (See 27). Samuel Pickard. .Mar.,’60-’62 2— / 116. Keokuk Co. (See 210-211). 1 1 117. Keosauqua. Hamilton Robb. .Oct., ’44-’45 —8 1 Warren B. Morey. .Oct., ’45-’46 1— Horace Worden. .June,'47-’49 0_ 118. Knoxville. • Thomas J. Arnold. Feb., ’65-’67 2— Charles Payne. July, ’77-’78 1— 119. Lake City (See 180). W. A. Cain. Jan., 1881 —3 120. Le Claire (See 32). P. P. Shirley. June,’57-’59 2— ' Chas. E. Brown (54 time in Illinois. June,’45-’46 1— 121. Leon. F. Edwards. .Nov.,’80-’82 1—3 122. Lime Spring (See 201). 123. Livermore & Humboldt. A. Plumley. May, ’81-’82 —9 r- 124. Linn Co (See 34). HISTORICAL TABLE 577 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 125. Logan. E. G. O. Groat.Apr., ’72-’73 1— 126. Lyon Co. James Mitchell.Aiig.,’81-’82 —6 127. Lyons. A. H. Starkweather.July,’59-’65 6— Edward P. Savage.Sep.,’70-’71 -11 128. Lyons & Clinton. A. A. Sawiu.July,’56-’58 1-11 129. Mahaska Co (See 206). 130. Maker (See 215). 131. Manchester (See 62). 132. Mapleton. W. H. Dorward.Nov.,’81-’82 —3 133. Maquoketa. Charles E. Brown.Apr.,’47-’49 2— George Scott.Oct., ’51-’53 1-10 134. Marble Rock. Samuel M. Davis.Aug.,’81-’82 —6 135. Marengo. A. J. Delano.Feb., 1881 —9 136. Marion (See 106). Peter Robinson.Aug.,’45-’46 1— John Williams, Jr. (^ time in Wisconsin).Oct., ’49-’50 1— John Williams, Jr.Oct., ’51-’52 1—4 John C. Ward.Sep., ’52-’53 1—3 J. V. DeWitt.May,’54-’55 1— 137. Marion & New Purchase. M. J. Post. .Sep., ’45-’46 1— 138. Marion & Monroe Cos. G. W. Bond.Oct., ’51-’53 1—6 139. Marshalltown. A. F. Willey.Mar.,’65-’66 1—3 O. A. Holmes.Feb.,’67-’69 2— 140. McGregor. W. W. Moore.Dec., ’60-’61 —6 L. Milton Whitman_Sep., ’61-’62 1— John Jackson.Apr.,’63-’64 1—4 C.T. Tucker.Nov.,’64-’66 1—6 141. Mechanicsville. M. W. Akers.Oct., ’79-’80 -10 142. Mitchell & Osage. H. I. Parker (>^ time in Minnesota).Aug.,’62-’64 2— Walter Ross.Nov.,’64-’66 1—9 143. Monroe Co. (See 138). 144. Mount Ayr. C. Tilbury.Jan., 1872 1— 145. Mount Pleasant. Hiram Burnett. . June,’50-’52 2— Elihu Gunn. .Oct., ’62-’66 4— a ti • Jan., 1870 1— 146. Muchachinock. C. R. Brookins, Col. Ch. .Nov.,’81-’82 —3 147. Muscatine. Solomon B. Johnson..., • June,’50 ’51 1—6 WAn. A. Wells. .Apr., ’52-’53 1—3 A. G. Eberhart. .Mar.,’54-’56 2— S. L Burnham. .June.’64-’67 3— Rudolph Piepgras, Ger. .Feb.,’64-’67 3-11 148. Nevada (See 21). 149. New Purchase (See 82 and 137). Wm. Elliott. .Sep., ’44-’45 1— 150. Newton. J. Ellis Guild. .July,’56-’58 1—9 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 151. Northern Iowa. Jas. Scofield. Jan., 1854 1— 152. Northwestern Iow’a. J. Croeni, Ger. Oct., ’74-’75 1— 153. Osage (See 142). 154. Osceola (See 41). 155. OSKALOOSA. J. F. Childs. Aug..’58-’64 6— A. E. Simons. Nov.,’81-’82 1—3 156. OsKALOOSA Co. (See 206). 157. Ottumwa. S. 11. Worcester. Nov.,’59-’05 6—9 S. L. Burnham. ,June,’67-’68 —9 158. Parkersburg. A. E. Simons. .Nov.,’79-’80 1— J. B. Edmonson. .Mar., 1881 —8 159. Panora (See 1). 160. Pella. Israel C. Curtis. Oct., ’52-’53 1— 161. Peterson (See 185). 162. Plainfield. Sam’l Sill. Feb., ’72-’73 1— 163. Pleasant Grove. Benj. B. Arnold. .Oct., ’52-'53 1— 164. Portland. Wm. Sperry. .Nov.,’44-’45 1— 165. PORTLANDVILLE. E. H. Hurlbutt. .Jan., 1882 —3 166. Quasqueton & Jessup. John Fulton. .Oct., ’66-’67 1— 167. Quasqueton & Winthrop. John Fulton..,. .Oct.,’67-’68 1—3 168. Red Oak. N. P. Patison.. . .Sep., ’71-’72 —6 169. Rochester. M. J. Post.. • Sep., ’41-’43 2— 170. Rock Falls. J. Croeni,,Ger. .Oct., ’75-’77 2— 171. Rock Spring. Isaac Leonard. .Nov.,’51-’53 2— 172. Rossville (See 95). Jas. Scofield. • Jan., ’55-’58 3—6 173. Rutland. R. Persons.. .May, ’81-’82 —9 174. Sac City. Geo. Scott.. .Aug.,’63-’66 3— 175. Scott Co. (See 35). 176, Sheffield (See 177). A. R. Button. .Nov.,’80-’81 1— 177. Sheffield & Cold water. A. R. Button. .Nov.,’81-’82 —3 178. Shell Rock. Samuel Sill. .Mar.,’65-’08 3— 179. Shenandoah. F. N. Eldridge. .Apr., ’81-’82 —9 180. Sheridan, Grant City & Lake City. Demas Robinson. .Oct., ’79-’80 1— 181. Sibley. T.H. Judson. .Oct., ’79-’81 -10 E. M. Heyburn. .Nov.,’80-’81 1— 182. Sigourney (See 212). James Frey. .Nov.,’63-’64 1— J. W. Coffman. .Mar.,’71 ’72 1— James Frey. • Julv, ’74-’75 1— James Kissell. .Feb., 1881 —9 578 HISTORICAL TABLE. Fields and Missionaries. Date. T r.s.M. 183. Silver City. Thomas N, Coffee_ . .Dec.,’80-’81 -11 184. Sioux City. J. E. Rock wood.. James Sunderland .... . .Aug.,’64-’68 . .Jau.,;71-’74 3-11 3—8 185. Sioux Rapids k Peterson. A. V. Bloodgood.Nov.,’81-’82 —3 186. South Burlington. Thomas M. Ind. ..May, ’57-’60 3—2 187. Southeastern Iowa. Samuel Pickard. ..Sep., ’62-’67 4—6 188. Spencer. A. V. Bloodgood. ..Oct., ’79-’81 2—1 189. Spirit Lake. J. L. Coppoc.May,’78-’79 1—G W. H. Wliitelaw.Aug., 1881 —3 190. St. Charles. G. F. Brayton..Iune,’56-’57 1—5 J. H. Pariualee.Jau.,’58-’59 1—3 191. Storm Lake Jesse Boswell.Dec.,’80-’82 1—2 192. Strawberry Point. Geo. Scott.May, ’57-’61 4— Alvah Bush.Feb., 1859 —6 James Sunderland.Jan., ’63-’G4 2— 193. Strawberry Point & Volga. James Sunderland.Jan., ’65-’66 1-11 194. Stuart. J. F. Childs.Feb,, ’78-’80 2—3 L. W. Atkins .July, ’80-’81 -10 195. Swede Bend. L. L. Frisk.Oct., ’59-’61 2— C. A. Sandvall, Swedes..Nov.,’81-’82 —3 196. Three River Country. Benj. B. Arnold.Oct.,’51-’52 1— 197. Toledo. G. G. Edwards.Sep., ’57-’60 2—9 198. Union (See 13). 199. Upper Des Moines Asso. P. U. Wallberg.Oct., ’G5-’66 1— 200. Vernon Springs. Chas. E. Brown.Aug.,’57-’G1 4_ 201. Vernon Springs & Lime Spring. Chas. E. Brown.Dec.,’64-’55 6 202. ViLLESCA (See 50). 203. Vinton. Asahel Chapin.June,’56-’59 3— A. H. Harris.Feb., 1865 —9 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 204. Volga (See 193). 205. Wapello (See 29). J. M. Coggeshall. July,’58-’60 1—8 206. Wapello. Oskaloosa & Mahaska Cos. Horace Worden..June,’46-’47 1— 207. Washington. Amos Pratt.May, 1867 208. Washington & Brighton. Wm. Elliott.Sep., ’49-’50 209. Washington k Jefferson Cos. Wm. Elliott.Sep., ’46-’46 210. Washington, Jefferson & Keokuk Cos. Wm. Elliott.Sep., ’47-’48 —6 1 — 1 — 1 — 211. Washington & Keokuk Cos. Wm. Elliott.Sep., ’46-’47 1— 212. Washington & Sigourney Cos. Wm. Elliott.Sep.,’48-’49 1— 213. Waterloo. A. G. Eberhart..Sep., ’58-’60 2— 214. Waukon. L. M. Newell.Mar.,’58-’59 1—3 215. Waukon k Makee. L. M. Newell.June,’57-’58 —9 216. Waverly. T. F. Thickstun.Aug.,'65-’67 2— 217. Waverly k Janesville. H. H. Remington.Apr.,’60-’63 3— 218. Webster. O. A. Holmes.Nov.,’59-’G4 6—2 H. D. Weaver.Jan., 1871 1— 219. Webster Co. (See 22). 220. Western Iowa. P. H. Dam, Scand.July, ’69-'78 9—6 221. Western Iowa Asso. A W. RusseB.Oct., ’60-’61 1— 222. West Union. Geo. Scott.Oct., 1854 —3 223. West Union k Auburn. Geo. Scott.Oct.,’63-’64 1— 224. West Union & Monroe. Elijah Evans.Aug.,’52-’53 1— 225. WINTER.SET. A. W. Russell.Oct., ’59.’60 1— 226. WiNTHROP (See 167), Fii lds and Missionai-ies. Date. Yrs.M. 1. Abilene. E Clark. John Fechter, Ger... Otto Zeckser “ ... L. A. Jaeuicke “ ... ...Oct., -73-’74 2. Abilene and Alma, H. Hansler, Ger. 3. Abiline and Salina. John R. Downer. 4, Allen Co. (See 95). 5, Alma (See 2). 6, Anderson (See 96). Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 7. Antioch (See 66). 8. Appanoose (See 66). 9. Arcadia. JudsonS. Taylor.Jan., 1875 —3 10. Arkansas Valley Asso. A. B. Fryrear.Oct., ’81-’82 —5 11. Atchison. Aaron Perkins.June, ’61-’64 3— Frank Remington.Apr., 1864 —6 James W. Warder.Apr., ’6.5-’C6 1— H. A. Guild.May. ’67-’68 1— HISTOrJCAL TABLE 579 Fields and Missionaries . Date . Yrs . M . 12. Atchison and Bkown Cos. David Waddell.Aug.,’62-’()3 1— 13. Atchison and Doniphan Cos. David Waddell.Aug. ,’63-’67 4— \Vm. Paul, time Mo.).A ug., ’66-’67 —9 14. Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe R.K. J. C. Post.Mar.,’7G-’79 3— 16. Aubxten. Ira H. Reese.Nov.,’63-’65 2— 16. Augusta. T. D. Grow.Dec.,’70-’71 1— C. G. Manley.Jan.. ’78-’81 3—1 17. Augusta and El Dorado. T. D. Grow.Dec.,’71-’72 1— 18. Barton and Pawnee Cos. J. V. Allison.Apr.. ’78-’82 3—9 19. Baxter Springs. M. V. W right.July, ’72.’73 1— J. Morris Lappin.May, ’71-’72 1— 20. Bazaar. C. G. Manley.Jan., 1875 —6 01 TIitt rtTHP J. A. Leavitt.Dec.,’80-’82 —9 22. Big Bend and Scandia. J. W. McIntosh.Sep., ’81-’82 —6 23. Blue Rapids. W. A. Briggs.Mar., ’73-’78 4-11 George Brown.Mar.,’81-’82 -11 24. Blue Rapids and Waterville. W. A. Briggs.Mar.,’78-’80 2—3 25. Bourbon Co. (See 96). 26. Brown Co. (See 12). 27. Brown and Nemaha Cos. H. S. Tibbetts. July, ’60-’61 1—6 28. Brownville (See 176). 29. Burlingame (See 177). W. H. Roberts. Nov., ’73-’75 1-10 Levi Morse. .Oct., ’81-’82 —5 30. Burlington. A. A. Brundage. July, ’70 ’71 -10 Hiram K. Stimson. Feb., ’73-’74 —9 John Heritage. June, ’74-’75 —9 J. Mickle. Jan., 1875 —3 Theo. C. Coffey. .Jan., 1880 -10 31. Burrton. Clark Camp. Jan., 1875 —3 A. H. Post.... .Jan., 1878 —3 32. Burrton and Friendship. J. D. P. Hungate. .Oct., ’81-’82 —5 33. Central. (See 68) 34. Central Asso. D. P. Row. .Dec., ’74-’75 1— 35. Chetopa. Calvin A. Bateman. .Sep., ’69-’70 1— N. L. Rigby. Dec., ’70-’72 1—9 C. T. Floyd. .Jan., ’80-’81 1—5 36. Clay Centre. Ira A. Cain. 1—3 J. Clark Cline. .Nov., ’75-’77 1—6 Joel Reddick. .May, ’77-’78 -10 William Read. .May, ’78-’80 2— 37. Clifton. M. Howard. .Oct., ’80-’81 —8 38. Clyde. W. F. File. .Sep., 1876 —3 N. B. Rairden. .Aug., ’70-’78 1—9 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 39. Concordia. Chas. H. Nnsh. June, ’79-’82 2—9 August Johnson, Swedes Nov.,’79-’80 —7 J. P. Dahl(j[uist, Swedes .Dec., ’81-’S2 —3 40. Cottonwood Valley (See 118). 41. Delphos (See 111). 42, Dickinson Co. L. A. Jacnicke, Ger. ... .Oct., ’70-’71 1— < • ti ti .Oct., ’74-’76 1— 43. Doniphan Co. (See 13). E. Alward. .Apr., ’58-’59 -11 44. Effingham (See 196). 45. El Dorado (See 17'. J. D. P. Hungate. .Sep., ’79-’82 1—9 C. H. Remington. .Sep., ’81-’82 —6 46. Elk City. William Gables. Apr., 1875 —3 47. Elk Falls. N. H. Ward. .July, ’72-’73 1— Reuben Baker. .July, 1875 —3 0. C. Kenaston. .Sep., ’80-’81 —9 48. Ellingwood. A. Stern, Ger. .Oct., ’79-’80 1— 49. Ellsworth. George Swainhart. .Nov.,’79-’80 —7 50. Ellsworth, Lincoln and kllTCHELL Cos. Theo. Klinker, Ger. .Nov., ’78-’80 2— 51. Emporia. A. M. Averill. .July, ’71-’73 o_ G. Gates. Mar., ’78-’80 2— A. B. Tomlinson. .Mar., ’81-’82 1— 52. Emporia and Junction City. G. W'. Brown, Col. Ch.. .Mar., ’81-’82 1— 53. Erie. I. N. Winan. ,Jan., ’80-’81 1—5 54. Fall River Asso. 0. C. Kenaston. .Dec., ’74-’75 1— 55. Florence. W. F. File. .Dec., ’80-’82 1—2 56. Fontana. John Smith. .Jan., 1875 —3 Willis S. Webb. .Jan., 1877 —6 57. Fort Scott. J. C. Post. ..Sep., ’69-’72 2—6 Elihu Gunn. .May, ’77-’81 4—3 58. Friendship (See 32). 59. Garnett. J. D. Wood. . .May,’72-’73 1— Stephen Taylor. ..Aug„’75-’76 1— 60, Girard. W. S. Webb. .Dec.,’ 80-’82 1—3 61. Goodrich. Geo. WT Sand. .Jan., 1875 —3 62. Gorham (See 64). 63. Graham, Norton and Rooks Cos. John S. Henry. ..Sep., ’79-’82 2—4 64. Grand Centre, Russell and Gorham. G. H. Clarke. .June,’80-’82 1— 65. Green Garden. D. Zwink, Ger. ..July, ’78-’82 3—9 66. Greenwood, Appanoose, Prairie City and Antioch. I. Hettrick. .Jan., 1875 —3 67 Grenola. F. L. Walker. —2 580 HISTORICAL TABLE. FHehls and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. C8. Haumony and Central. A. U. Rost. —3 69. Harmony and Salt Creek. A. H. Post. —5 70. Harmony, Salt Creek And Nickerson. A. U. Post. -Jnne, ’80-’81 1— 71. Hebron (See 137). 72. Hiawatha. George IMitchell_ .May, ’75-’77 2—5 W. R. Counellj’.. 1— 73. Highland. G. Gates. .May, ’68-’69 1— 74. Holton. L. S. Colton. —3 S. H. Cozad. -Mar., 1876 —6 75. Humboldt (See 791. J. C. Armstrong. .July, ’71-’72 1— T. C. Coffey. —5 76. Hutchinson. E. B. Tucker. 2— 77. Independence. Jos. P. Way.. —6 J. L. D. Williamson, .Jan., 1875 —3 C.T. Floyd.. _2 78. lOLA. M. D. Gage. -Oct., ’71-’72 1— C. T. Flovd. 3 T. C. Coffey. .June,’81-’82 —9 79. loLA AND Humboldt. Hiram K. Stiinson.. _Oct., ’G4-’65 1— A. Hitchcock. -:\[ar., 1870 —8 M. D. Gage. —2 I. N. Clark. 1—1 80. Jackson Co. Lewis ^McCreary.... -Apr., ’72-’73 1— 81. Jefferson. B. Eisele, Ger. 1—9 82. Jewell A.sso. O. N. Fletcher. .Jan., 1875 —5 Jas. H. Lathrop .... -Mar.,’76-’77 1— 83. Johnson Co. J. M. Lackey.. 1—6 84. Junction City. Caleb Blood. -May, ’65-’67 1—6 M. D. Gage. —6 Volney Powell. .Oct., ’S0-’81 —6 86. Kansas (State). W. W. Hall. 1— J Gillpatrick. R. C. Brandc. 1— .Apr., ’60-’61 1—3 Nelson Alvord. ....Aug., ’G2-’G3 1— Josei)h Strawther (y2 time Mo ). 1— C A. .Bateman (la time Mo.). 3— E. T. Hiscox, Gen. Miss’y m time Mo.). .Oct.; ’65-'GG 1— Dwight Spencer ... .June, 1867 _2 Robt. Atkinson, General Missionary. .Jan.,’68 ’72 6 — Winfield Scott, Evang.. .May, ’70-71 —9 Elihu Gunn, Gen. Miss’y Nov.,’73-’74 1— G. Gates. “ “ June,’80-’82 1—9 W. W. Hall. —4 Robert .\tkinson... .Jan., 1872 1— D. B. Gunn. Mis’y Evng.Feb., 1880 _ 4 C. .A. Bateman, Col. Peo. ()4 time Mo.) ... .Oct., ’66-’67 1— Wm. Paul, Ger, {}.: time Mo.). —3 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. Aug. Johnson, Swedes. .June,’80-’82 1—9 Kansas City. J. W. Vincent. .Jan., 1880 —5 G. W. Ford. .Dec., ’80-’81 —6 Kennekuk ^See 195, 196). Kirwin & Philipsburg. N, B. Homans. .June, 1881 —6 Lawrence (See 178). W. W. Hall. .Oct., ’55-’5G —9 R. C. Brandt. .Apr., ’57-’59 1-11 W. 0. Thomas. .June,’59-’60 1— A. Perkins. ?Dec., ’60-’61 —6 W. P. Upham. .Jan., 1863 1—2 John Sawyer. .Mar.,’65-’66 1— E. D. Bentley. .Mar.,’66-’68 2— Gabriel Gray, Col. Ch... .Jan., 1867 1— J. Peterson, Swedes_ .Dec., ’81-’32 —3 Leavenworth. Geo. D. Henderson. .Feb., 1858 —6 I. S. Kallock. • June, 1860 —6 Winfield Scott. .Jan., ’65-’68 4 — D. G. Letts. .April, 1869 —6 W. H. Howard, Col. Ch. .Dec., ’80-’81 —G Le Roy. John Heritage. .June,’71-’72 1— 92. Lincoln Co. (See 60.) 93. Lincoln & Mitchell Cos. Theo. Klinker, Ger. .Nov.,’80-’82 1—3 94. Linn Co. Wm. Hobbs. .July, ’60-’61 1— 95. Linn & Allen Cos. Wm. Hobbs. .July,’61-’62 —9 96. Linn, Bourbon & Ander¬ son Cos. Wm. Hobbs.Julv, 1862 —1 97. Long Branch. F. D. Hakes. .Jan. ’81-’82 1—2 98. Longton. J. P. Way. .Feb., 1880 —4 99. Lyona. L. a. Jaenicke, Ger. .Oct., ’71-’73 2— 100. Manhattan. W. J. Kermott. .Aug., ’59-’62 3— J. M. Lackey. .Aug.,’62-’64 1—7 E. Gale. .Jan., ’6.5-’67 3— J. G. Maver. .Mar.,’81-’82 -11 101. Mankato k White Rock. W. H. Carmichael. .Sep., ’81-’82 —5 102. Marion Centre. E. J. Groat. .Jan., 1875 —3 103. Marion Co. Chas. Ohlgart, Ger. .Jan., 1880 1— 104. McPherson. Donald AIcGregor. .Jan., 1875 —3 (r. W. Melton. .Nov.,’79-’80 -10 Wm. D. Shiels. .Dec., ’80-’82 1—3 105. jMelvern. J. F. Ploughman. ■ Juii.y 1875 —3 106. Mi.vmi Asso. E. 11. Stewart. .Nov.,’80-’81 1— 107. Miami Co. A. H. Deane. .June, 1864 —6 108. Miami 1 “ ...Oct., ’81- 82 —6 2. Albert Lea & Shell Rock. Cornelius Smith.Mar., 69- 70 1 3. Alexandria (See 75). Wm. M. Wells.Apr., .6- <8 1—6 4. Anoka. 4. Lewis Atkinson.Oct., 53- 54 1 Lyman Palmer. Aug., ’55- 56 1— ti .‘ .Sep., 58-59 1— J. R. Baumes.Oct.,’63-’64 —9 John Scott.1~q Moses Heath.Apr., 65- 67 1—9 J. B. Peat. Jan., 1867 1- J. B. Tuttle.Apr., 69-72 3— Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 6. Ashland. i W. C. Shephard .Oct., 56- 57 1 6. Atwater. , , „ Thos. Libby.Oot., 71- (2 8 7. Austin. , , „ E. F. Gurney.Mar., 59- 62 3 8. Austin & Lansing. H. 1. Parker, (li time, Iowa). Aug., 62- 64 2— 9. BeaverLake& Freeborn. , 0. S. Luce.Sep.. 68-69 1- 10. Becker. g, John H. Shephardson.. .Jan., 1881 —y 11 . Belle Plain & Jordan. Moses Heath.Apr., 59- 65 6— 5S8 HISTORICAL TABLE. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 12. Belle Pl.aine, Jordan k Lexington. Enos Muuger. ..Oct., ’66-’68 1—6 13. Ben.son. 0. B. Read. ..Oct., ’79-’80 —9 14. Benton k Cass Co.s. Lewis Atkinson. ..Oct.,’54-’55 1— 15. Berlin .fc Freeborn. 0. S. Luce. ..Sep., ’69-’70 1— IG. Berlin, Frefborn, Meri¬ den it Medford. Jos. C. Woecleii.Oct., ’72-’73 —6 17. Berlin, Medford, & Clin¬ ton Falls. Jos. C.Weeden.Aug.,’71-’72 1— 18. Berlin, Medford, Clinton Falls, c\: Meriden. R. A. Shadick.May, ’76-’77 1—6 19. Bethel (See 152). 20. Bird Isdand (See 92). W. H. Randall.Oct.,'79-’80 1— 21. Blooming Grove (See 223). 22. Brainerd. A. D. Williams.Jau., 1873 —9 John Squire.Ajir.,’74-’75 1—6 Jos. Wilkins.Oct.,’81-’82 —6 23. Brooklyn & Maple Grove. A. D. Williams.July, ’70-’72 2— 24. Brownsdale (See 114 & 115). 25. Cambridge. John Ongman, Scand.. .Oct.,’72-’73 —9 26. Cannon City. Timothy R. Cressy.Mar.,’58-’59 —9 27. Cannon City & Faribault. Timothy R. Cressy.June,’56-’58 1—9 28. Cannon Falls. A. Norelius, Swedes.Apr., ’58-’59 1— 29. Cannon Falls & Valley. Isaac Waldron.Nov.,’60-’62 2— 30. Cannon Falls A: Zumbrota. Isaac Waldron.Nov.,’58-’60 2— 31. Carimona. R. F. Sheldon.Apr., 1859 —7 32. Carimona & Etna. Moses Meachain.Sep., ’68-’69 1— 33. Carimona and Waukokee. Moses Meacham.Jan., 1867 1— 34. Carman (See 51). 35. Carver Co. (See 130). 36. Cass Co. (See 14). 37. Castle Rock. J. F. Wilcox. .June,’73-’75 2—4 38. Castle Rock & Farming- ton. A. Gibson . .Oct., ’69-’71 2— E. A. Cooley. —9 39. ChiASKA (See 183), 40. C HATFIELD. Geo W. Fuller_ 6— 41. Chester (See 73). 42. Chippewa Co. Martin Dahlquist, Swed.Oct., ’72-’73 1— 43. Chippewa Indians. James Tanner .... —8 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 44. Cle:ar Lake. K. S. Swedburg, Swedes .Oct.,’81-'82 —6 45. Clinton Falls (See 17, 18 9 142 & 143). 46. COKATO. (J. S. Lindburg, Swedes.Jan., 1875 —9 «< f* < i Jam, 1879 —9 47. CoKATo & Smith Lake. John Squire.. .Nov.,’75-’77 1-11 48. CORRELL. F. E. Bostwick. .Nov.,’79-’81 1-11 49. Cottage Grove k Newport. A. Smith Lyon. . June,’58- 60 2 — 50. Crookston. F. K. Roberts... .Mar.,’80-'81 1—7 51. Crookston & Carman. F. K. Roberts. .Oct., ’81-’82 —6 52. Dakota Co. (See 84 k 85). 53. Detroit. J. N. Earle. .May, 1880 —6 54. Detroit k Pelican Valley. John E. Wood.. .Oct., ’77-’78 1 — 55. Detroit & Lake Eunice. John E. Wood.. .Oct., ’81-’82 —5 56. Dodge Centre. Geo. N. Annes. .Jan., 1879 —9 57. Douglass. T. B. Rogers, (% time Wis.).. .Nov.,’54-’57 3— 58. Douglass, Pope, Stearns k Todd Cos. Edgar Cady. .Oct., ’66-’67 1 — 59. Douglass, Pope, Otter Tail & Wilkin Cos. A. A. Liune, Scands_ .July,’76-’77 1—3 60. Duluth. J. L. A. Fish. .Sep., ’72-’75 2—7 C. H. D. Fisher. .Oct., ’81-’82 —6 61. East Hutchinson. Sam’l D. Ross. .Dec., ’67-’G8 1 — 62. Eagle Lake (See 75). 63. East ^Minneapolis (See 134). W.W. Moore. .Dec.,’72-’73 —9 64. Eggleston. John Anderson. Nov., ’81-’82 —3 G5, Elysian (See 144). 66 . Etna (See 32 and 192). 67. Eyota (See 161). 68 . Fairhaven. Jas. N. Thresher. .Oct., ’67-’70 2 — «• .Oct., ’71-’72 1 — 69. Fairhaven & Maine Prairie. Jas. N. Thresher. .Oct., ’64-’67 3— 70. F.urview (See 95). 71. Faribault (See 27). R. F. Gray. .Sep., ’72-’73 1 — H.C. Hazen. .Jan.,’58-’65 8 — Harrison Daniels. .June,’70-’71 -11 T. R. Peters. .July, ’71-’72 —9 72. Farmington (See 38). 73. Farmington k Chester. Fred. Hill.. .Sep., ’60-’61 1 — 74. Fergus Falls. A. A. Linne, Scand. .Oct., ’77-’78 1— <( *4 44 .Jan., 1881 —9 IIISTOniCAL TABLE. 589 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yis.M. 75. Fergus Fall, Eagle Lake, k Alex.\ndria. Martin Dalilquist, Swedes.Dec., ’81-’82 —3 76. Forest City (See 120). Nicholas Luesiiig, Ger.. Jan., 1866 —3 John Engler, Ger .Jan., 1874 1— Adam Chambers.Jan., 1879 1— Henry N. Herrick.Jan.,’80-’81 1—6 77. Freeborn (See 15 and 16). 78. Garden City. E. C. Saunders.Oct., ’67-’68 1— .Oct., ’69-’70 1— Jos. llockwood.May,’73-’74 1— 79. Garden City, Sterling & Lyra. Jesse M. Thurston.Jan., 1867 —9 80. Garden City & Winnebago City. Jos. liockwood.July,’75-’76 1—3 81. Garden City, Winnebago City & Vernon Centre. Jos. llockwood.Oct., ’80-’82 1—6 82. Glencoe. W. Wiely.Aug.,’80-’81 —8 83. Glenwood. P. W. Fuller.Oct., ’81-’82 —6 84. Goodhue & Dakota Cos. John Anderson, Scand. .Oct.,’71-’72 1— 85. Goodhue, Dakota, k Wa¬ basha Cos. John Anderson, Scand.. .Dec., ’74-’75 -10 86. Goodhue k Wabasha Cos. John Anderson, Scand., .Apr., 1874 —5 87. Granite Falls. S. Adams.Oct., ’78-’80 1—6 88. Greenleae (See 107). 89. Hamilton (See 193). 90. Hamilton & High Forest. Mark W. Hopkins.Jan., 1860 1— 91. Hastings (See 99). John C, Hyde.Nov.,’56-’59 2—2 Timothy 11. Cressy.Mar.,’59-’61 2—5 W. H. Humphrey.Oct., ’63-’65 2— H. J. Miller, Ger.iiug.,’73-’78 4—9 92. Hector k Bird Island. F. E. Bostwick.Oct., ’81-’82 —6 93. Hennepin Co. (See 231). E. W. Cressy.Oct., ’52-’53 1— 94. High Forest (See 90). 95. Highland “ “ ..Oct.,’81-’82 —6 K. A. Ostergren, ” ..Jan., 1876 —9 A. B. Nordberg, “ .. Oct.,’78-’79 1— “ “ “ ..Oct.,’80-’81 1— H. Schultz, Ger.June,’81-’82 —9 St. Paul and Lake City. A. B. Nordberg, Swedes.Oct., ’79-’80 1— St. Paul & Lake Superior R. R. John Ongman, Scand... July,’73-’74 1— St. Paul and Minneapolis. J. T. Hoefllin, Ger.Oct., ’74-’75 1— St. Peter (See 127). John La Grange.May, ’67-’58 —9 C. J. Johnson, Norw.... Oct., ’79-’80 1— , St. Peter and Traverse. John La Grange.Feb., ’58-’60 2—3 , Saratoga. 11. B. Slater.Oct., ’58-’60 2— , Sauk Centre. Win. K. Dennis.Oct., ’80-’82 1—6 , Sauk Centre & Kandota. E. B. Haskell.Oct., ’78-’79 1— . SCANDIA. Fred. O. Neilson, Swede.Nov., ’57-’59 2— John A. Peterson, “ .Sep.,’60-’62 1—8 Shakopee. Wilson Cogswell.Dec., ’54-’57 2—3 S. S. Utter.Nov,,’59-’61 1-11 173. 174. 175. 176, 177, 178, 179. 180, 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187 188, 189 190, Fate. Yrs.M. .,Aug.,’66-’67 1— Shakopee and Chaska. A. B. Tomlinson.... Sharon. Geo. D. Menger, Ger-Oct., ’73-’74 1 — John Engler.Jan., ’75-’78 3—9 Shell Rock (See 2). D. H. Palmer.Sep., ’64-’66 2— Sherburne Co. J. H. Shepardson.Oct., ’69-’71 2— , Silver Creek (See 139). , Smith Lake (See 47). . Southern IMinnesota. Timothy R. Cressey... . June,’54-’55 1— E. S. Johnson, Scand_Nov.,’71-’72 —8 , Southwestern IMinnesota. John A. Peterson, Scand.Nov.,’70-’71 1— H. A. Reichenbach. “ Nov.,’78-’79 —8 Martin Dahlquist, Swed.Oct., ’77-’78 1— Fields and Missionaries. Spring Valley. Jas. Mitcliell.Apr.,’74-’76 F. W. Allnutt.Oct., ’77-’78 Spring Valley & Etna. C. D. Farnsworth.July,’71-’72 Spring Valley & Hamilton. C. D. Farnsworth.May,’70-’71 F. W. Allnutt.Feb., 1877 Stearns Co. (See 58). Sterling (See 79). Stillwater. Julius S. Webber.June,’50-’.54 A. B. Green.May ’(>0- 61 B. F. liattray.July, ’81-’82 Stillwater & St. Anthony. Wm. C. Brown.Oct., ’49-’50 Swede Grove. Olans Okerson, Scand.. .Oct., ’69-’72 Taylor’s Falls. A. M. Torbet.May, ’59-’63 Tipton. Moses Mecham.Dec., ’65 ’66 Todd Co. (See 58). Traverse (See 177). Utica (See 168). Valley (See 29). Vasa. John Anderson, Scand.. .Oct., ’72-’73 . Vasa & Lake City. John Anderson, Scand.. .Oct., ’73-’74 , Vernon Centre (See 81 and 226). . Wabasha. B. Wharton.May, ’57-’61 Wm. Sturgeon.Jan., 1862 , Wabasha Co, (See 85 and 86). . Waseca (See 144). Eben Thompson.Oct., ’73-’74 Geo. N. Annes.Jan.,’76 ’78 H. S. Davis.Apr.,’81-’82 . Waseca & Wilton. S. T. Catlin.Sep., ’68-’69 . Washington Co. (See 148). Wasioja. W. C. Shepard.Oct., ’57-’65 Wastedo. A. Norelius, Swedes.Apr.,’59-’62 Waterville (See 143 and 144). Jas. S. Cox.Oct., ’80-’81 Waukokee (See 33). Wegdal. C. J. Johnson, Norw-Oct., ’80-’81 Western Minnesota. Martin Dahlquist, Swed.Oct,, ’73-’74 Wilkin Co. (See 59). WiLLMAR (See 112). Andrew Persons, Swede. .Jan., 1879 A, B. Nordberg, Swede..Oct., ’81-’82 WiLLMAR, Lake Iullian & Kandiyohi. John Holstrom, Swede. .Apr.,’77-’78 222. Wilton (See 211 and 223). 223. Wilton & BLOoivnNG Grove. Elijah S. Smith.Jam,’60-’67 191. 192. 193. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200 . 201 . 202 . 203. 204. 205. 206. 207. 208. 209. 210 . 211 . 212 . 213. 214. 215. 216. 217, 218, 219. 220 221 , 2—3 1 — 1 — 1 — —8 4— 1 — —9 1 — 3— 1 — 3—7 1 — —6 2 —& 1 — 1 — 8 — 3— —4 1 — —9 —6 1—6 IIISTOKICAL TABLE. 502 Fields arit^ Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 224. WiKDOM. M. C. Cummings.July,’73-’74 1— 225. WiNNKBAGO City (See 80-81). Edwin Stillman.Oct., ’65-’67 2— Edward A. Stone.Apr., 1860 —6 Jos. Kockwood. ..Jan., 1880 —9 226. WiNNKBAGO City & Vernon Centre. Walter Boss.Nov.,’71-’74 2—6 227. Winnebago Valxey (See 99). 228. Winona. SamT. Cornelius, Jr.Nov.,’56-’58 2— Fielas and Missionaries. Dale. Yrs.M. O. O. Steams.Dec.,’59-’62 2—8 Lyman B. Tefift.Dec., ’62-’65 3— 229. Worthington (See 119). 230. Wright Co. Lewis Atkinson.Oct.,’55-’56 1— 231. Wright & Hennepin Cos. Lewis Atkinson.Oct., ’56-’57 1— 232. ZuMBROTA ^See 30). E.T. Sedgwick.Feb.,’63-’65 2—1 Fred. Hill.May, ’73-’74 -11 Fields and MDsionaries. 1. Carroix Co. Edmund B. Cross.Jan., 1842 1— 2. Choctaw k Chickasaw Indians. Jeremiah Burns.Apr., ’34-’35 1— 3. Choctaw Co. (See 21). 4. Co^^NGTON, Harrison & Perry Cos. H. E. Hempstead.Jan., 1867 1 — 5. Covington. Harrison, Perry AND Green Cos. H. E. Hempstead.Jan., 1868 1— 6 . Covington, Perry & Simpson Cos. 11. E. Hempstead.Jan.,’69-’70 2— 7. Greene Co. (See 5). 8. Grenada. Lleazer C. Eager (), time Tonn).Feb.,’42-’43 1— 9. Harrison Co. (See 4 and 5). 10. Jackson. Theo. Whitfield.Mar.,’66-’07 1— 11. Loui.svilee. John Micon.Jan,,’39-’40 2— 12. M.4CON. Perry Deuprec, Col. Peo. .Sep.,’67-’72 5— 13. Madison Co. Jordan Williams.Col.Peo. Jan., , 1870 1 — 14. Mt. Carmel. H. E. Hempstead.Jan., 1871 1 — 15. Natchez. J, B. White, Col. Peo.. .July, 1864 —2 E. G. Trask, Col. Peo. ...Dec., ’64-’65 —7 Geo. W. Bryant, Col Peo.Nov , ’65-’67 1—1 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yy-s.M. C. M. Gordan.July,’74-'75 -11 Miss Lucy M. Keeler, Col. Peo.Dec., ’78-’79 —& Miss Carry il, Vaughn Col. Peo.Oct., ’79-’80 —4 16. Perry Co. (See 4, 5 and 6). 17. Simpson Co. (See 6 ). 18. Vicksburg. N. N. Wood.Dec., ’43-’45 1—7 19. Washington. Ashley Vaughn.Jan., 1833 —3 20. Winston Co, John Micon.Apr., ’36-’37 1— 21. Winston & Choctaw Cos. John Micon.Jan., ’41-’42 1— 22. Mississippi (State). J. T. Zealv, Col. Peo_Aug., 1880 —2 A. H. Booth, Col. Peo...Mar.,’81-’82 1— Freeilineii Filiirational Work. 23. Natchez. Natchez Seminary, Chas. Ayer. 4—7 Mrs, E. C. T. Ayer. .Nov.,’78-’82 2—4 Inman E. Page. ,.Oct.. ’77-’78 —8 E. G. Wooster.. .. June,’80-’81 1— Mrs. Esther A. Wooster,Oct, ’80-’81 -8 J. L. A. Fish. ..Feb., 1880 —4 Miss E. C. Ayer. .Oct., ’81-’82 —4 L. P. Day,. ,.Dec., ’81-’82 —7 Date. Yrs.M. Fields and Missionaries. Date. 1. Adair Co. A. T. Hite.Sep.,’41-’42 1— 2. Albany. J.W. Roe.Oct.,’66-’07 1 — 3. Andrew Co. (See 11). 4. Ann.apolis (See 51, 52. & 53.) 5. Arlington. Gideon Seymour.Feb., 1868 —6 6. Bates Co. (See 44). 7. Bay. A. Hoffman, Ger.. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 8 . Bolivar. J. Morris Lappin.Sep., ’69-’70 —6 9. Bolivar and Human.svilix:. Geo. Mitchell .Mar.,’72-’73 1— 10. Brookfield (See 72). 11. Buchanan k .\ndrew Cos. Win. Paul Ger. (>^ time Kan.).Aug.,’66-’67 —9 12. Butler. J. W. Swift.Mar.,’18-’78 —3 H B. Turner.Aug.,’79-’81 1—8 13. Caltfornia (See 57.) IIINNOI RI Yrs.M. Oct.,’62-’63 —11 HISTORICAL TABLE. 593 Fields and Missionaries. 14. Capk Girardeau. Thos. W. Anderson... Benj. Clark. 15. Cape Girardeau Asso. Peter Williams. Benj. Clark .. 16. Cape Girardeau Co. Thos. P. Green. Thos. W. Anderson... 17. Cape Girardeau & Wa-£ Cos Benj. Clark. 18. Carondolet. Thos. Hudson . 19. Carthage. Alnion Whitman. Cass Co. 20 •21 Central Missouri. Barton Hillman, Col. 22. Chilicothe. Wm. Hildreth. 11. L. Colwell, Col. I 23. Chillicothe, Linneus & 1)E Witt. Barton Hillman, Col. Peo.. 24. Clarke Co. (See 66 & 67). Andrew Broadus, Jr ,. 25. Clinton (See 115). 26. Cooper Co. 27. Dent Co. (See 93). 28. Des Arc (Sec 54). 29. De Witt (See 23). 30. Eastern Missouri. Wm. P. Brooks, Col. Peo.July, ’66-’68 31. East Sedalia. 32. Date. Yrs.M. 39. June,’44 ’45 1 — Feb., ’44-’45 1— 40. Mar., ’38-’4l 3— .Jan., 1840 1— 41. .Oct., ’33-’34 1— .Jan , ’47-’48 2— 42. 43. .Feb., ’43-’44 1 — .Julv, ’71-’72 1—3 44. ..Oct., ’72-’73 1— 45. ,Aug., ’65-’66 1— 46. . June,’65-’66 1 — 47. 48. .Dec., ’66-’67 —6 .Dec., ’66-’68 1—8 49. 60. . June,’66-’67 1— 51. ..Oct., ’38-’40 0_ 52. .Apr., ’34-’40 5—5 53. .July, ’37-’41 3—6 .July, ’66-’67 1— ,Jan., 1866 1— 54. Fields and Missionaries. Date, Yrs.M. REEN & Polk Cos. B. McCloud Roberts-Mar., 1869 —6 Henry McElmarry.Jan., ’35-’37 Wm. Macom.Oct.,’36-’37 Hannibal. Benj. Stevens.Apr., 46-'47 D. Brainard Gunn.July,’63 ’64 Thos. Kerr.Jan., ’G7-’68 Harrison Co. (See 38h Henry (S: Johnson Cos. E. H. Burchfield.Oct., ’6.5-’68 Jonathan Gott.Oct., ’65-68 Henry, St. Clair & Bates Cos. John P. Lawton.July, ’66-’67 Holt & Kodaway Cos. Eben Tucker.Sep., ’46-’47 3— 1 — 1 — 1 — 1 — 2—6 2—6 1 — Howard Co. Ebenezer Rogers. .Mar.,’33-’35 2— Independence. R. S. Johnson.Dec.,’65-’67 1—6 Clark Moore, Col. Peo..Jan.,’66 1— 60. Iron Co. (See 93.) RONTON AND ANNAPOLIS. V. T. Settle.Aug., ’76-’77 1— Erederickstown, V. T. Settle,.Aug.,’77-’79 2— POTOSI, V. T. Settle.Aug., 75 76 2 — 35. 36. 37. J. M. Plan net. Oct., ’81-’82 —6 Forest City & Oregon. G. W. Huntley. Mar., ’66-’69 3—4 Fr.anklin Asso. Lewis Williams. Sep., ’33-’38 5— James Williams. Sep., ’32-’35 3— it it Jan., 1837 1— Hezekiah Lasseter. Apr.. ’35-’36 1— Jas. Conditt'. Apr., 1836 —9 A. P. Williams. Feb.. ’36 ’37 1—6 W. W. Tucker. .Dec.,’33-’34 1— H • ( «( .Jan., ’36-’37 1—6 R. S. D. Caldwell. .Jan , ’37-’38 1-10 David Stiles. .Jan.. 1838 1— Edwin C. Brown. .Dec., ’38-’39 1— Hiram M. Smith. .Apr.. ’40-’43 2—3 Franklin Co. (See 94'. Fredericktown (See 54). W. W. Settle. .Mar., 1870 —3 Gasconade River Asso. Gideon Seymour. .Feb., ’67-’68 1— Gasconade Co. David Stiles. .July, 41- 42 1— Gentry. Worth & Harri - son Cos. J. W. Roe. .Oct., ’65-’66 —9 and Des Arc. V. T. Settle.Aug.,’79-’82 55. Jasper Co. , E. S. Freeman.Feb., 67- 68 56. Jefferson City. Prentiss H. Evans.Dec., 71-72 T. W. Barrett.May, ’78-’80 E. D. Bentley.Nov., ’65-’66 57. Jefferson City and Cal¬ ifornia. Robt. H. Harris.Jan., 1867 58. Johnson Co. (See 43). 59. Kansas City. J. B. Fuller.Mar., 64- 66 Clarke Moore, Col. Peo.. Dec., ’64-’65 S. D. Bowker. July, ’67-’68 60. Kirksville. R. F. Powers.Jan., 18t)0 Robt. C. Ray.Aug., ’75-’76 61. Kirkwood. John R. Downer.Jan., 18a —4 2—6 1 — 1 — 2 — —4 1 — 1—9 1 — 1 — —11 —10 62. Knobnoster. Jas. L. Carmichael.Jan., 63. Laclede. Gideon Seymour,.... 64. La Grange. Isaac H. Denton.... Stephen Taylor. 65. Lebanon. 1880 1— Aug., ’69-‘ ’70 1- .Nov. ’65- ’66 1- .Apr., ’66- ’67 1- -6 .Feb., : ’66- ’67 -11 -Aug.: ,’70- ’71 1- Apr., ’76- •78 2- -6 594 HISTORICAL TABLE. Fields and Mi-isvinaries. Date. 1 'rs.M. 66. Lewis and Clarke Cos. Jepthah S. Smith. .Aug.,’41- 44 2—6 67. Lewis, Clarke and Scot- LAND Cos. Jepthah S. Smith. .Oct., ’44-’45 1— 68. Lexington. A. P. Williams. .Jan., ’41-’42 2— 69. Lirerty. A. P. Williams. .Mar.,’44-’46 2— 70. Linn Co. Alton F. Martin. .Mar., 1844 —6 71. Linneus, (See 23). 72. LiNNEtrs AND Brookfield. E. J. Scott. .Jan,, ’66-’67 2— 73. Louisiana. A. F. nandall. . June,’66-’67 1—4 74. Macon City. T. M. Colwell.. .Sept.,’66-’69 3— 75. Maryville, G. W. Huntley. .Nov.,’74-’75 1— A. M. Richardson. .Oct., ’81-’82 —6 76. Missouri. (State). John M. heck, Agt. .May, ’36-’37 1— Reuben Winchell. John M. Peck time Oct., ’40-’41 —9 Ill.). .June, 1841 —6 Presley A Hay croft,_ Joseph Strauther (^ .Dec., ’43-’44 —3 time Kaus.). C. A. Bateman time Jan., 1864 1— Kans.).. E. T. Hiscox, Gen’l Miss. • Oct., ’63-'66 3— (14 time Kans.). Oct., ’65-’66 1— A. F. Randall,Gen’l Miss.Oct., ’67-’08 Wm. P. Brooks. Col. 1—2 Peo. .Oct., ’74-’77 3— Wm. Paul, Ger. (*4 time Kans.). Apr., 1873 —3 77. Moberly, J. Colwell,. Jan., 1875 1— 78. Moniteau and Adj. Cos., Wm H. Duvall. .July '36-’38 2— 79. Monroe and Shelby Co’s, Norman Paris.Jan., 1847 1— 80. Neo.sho. H. C^ Yates. Apr., ’72-’73 1— 81. Nevada. J. 0. Post.. .Mar., 1872 —9 M. G. Brown. July, ’79-’80 1— 82. Newark. Stephen G. Hunt. .Jan., ’66-’67 1— 83. Ni:w Cape Girardeau Asso. Benj. Clark.. .Jan , ’41-’42 2— Peter Williams. ,Mar., ’41-’44 3— Thos. W. Anderson. June, ’41-’44 3— 84. Nodaw’ay (See 45). 85. Northeastern Asso. .Stephen G. Hunt. Jan., 1867 1— J. F. Rairden. Dec., ’68.’69 1— 86. Northern ^Iis.souri. C. A. Bateman, (>^ time). Col. Peo. .Oct., 1867 1— 87. Northwest jMissouri. Granville Gates. May, ’76-’68 1— G. W. Huntley. .Jan., ’71-’73 3— T. M. Colwell. .Dec., ’70-’71 3— 88. Oregon (See 32). Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 89. Osage & Concord Asso. I Carroll Meville.Jan., 1867 1— 90. Pacific R. R. Gideon Seymour.Aug.,’68-'69 1— 91. Palmyra. Spencer Clack. Nov.,’32-’33 —7 92. Paris. Norman Parks.Jan., ’45-’46 2— 93. Phelps, Dent and Iron Cos. Thomas E. Carr.Dec., ’66-’67 1— 94. Phelps and Franklin Cos. Fred. Bowen.Jan., 1868 1— 95. Polk Co (See 39). 96. PoTosi (See 63). 97. Ralls Co. Jeremiah Yardeman_Mar. ,’33 ’35 1—6 98. Rolla (See 106). 99. Scotland Co (See 67). 100. Sedalia (See 31). E. T. Brown. .Aug., ’65-’68 2—8 J. Leets. .Jan., 1869 —6 Robt. H. Harris. .Sep., ’71-’72 1— J. C. Davidson. .Dec., ’74-’76 1-11 < . * < .Julv,’78-’79 1— J. B. Fuller.. •Jau., 1882 —3 101, Shelby Co. (See 79.) 102. Southern Missouri. A. F. Randall.. .May, ’69-’70 1— "Wm. Hildreth. .May, ’70-’72 2—7 103. South St. Louis (Sec 112). J. H. Breaker. Nov., Yl-YS 1— 104. Southwestern Missouri. D. R. Murphy. Oct., ’65-’67 1—9 105. Springfield. Geo. Kline. Dec., ’67-’69 2 — 106. Springfield to Rolla. Fred. Bower.. .Jan., 1867 1— 107. St. Charles. Joseph Hay. .Jan., 1872 1— 108. St. Clair (See 44). 109. St. James. Joseph Walker. Mar., ’72-’73 1— 110. St. Joseph. J. T. Wilson.. .May, ’72-’73 1— J. R. Shanafelt. .Nov.,’75-’76 1— Wm. Paul, Germans.... .May, ’67-’68 1— 111. St. Joseph and Council Bluffs R. R. G. W. Huntley. .Mar., 1870 —6 112, St. Louis (Sec 103). A. B. Smith. Sep., ’32-’33 1— Thos. P. Green.. . June,’35-’36 1— B. F Brabook. .Apr., ’37-’39 2— Sani’l Howard Ford. .Jan., 1845 —9 Wm. F. Nelson. .Apr., ’47-’48 1— J. M. C. Breaker. .Jan., ’68- 70 2— Wm. P. Brooks, Cham- ber St.. Col. Ch. .Jan., 1869 1— Geo. Kline, Park Ave.Ch. Mar.,’70-’73 3— D. T. Morrill, Park Ave. Ch. .Oct., ’74-’75 —9 Joshua Hickman, Ber nard St. Ch. .Sep., ’71-’72 —6 Peter Klein, Ger. 1— Ernest Tschirch, Ger... . Dec.,’74-’75 -10 Chas Ohlgart, “ ... .Sep.,’76-’78 2— HISTOIilCAL TABLE. 595 f'ields and Missionaries. Date Yrs.M. 112. Tipton. Jas. B. Allyn. April. 1866 —9 113. Troy. Jas. E. Welch. Sep., ’65-’66 1— 114. Warrensburg. Thos. Hudson. .Jan., 1866 —3 Jos. Brock . .Apr.,’67-’68 1— Jas. E. Welch. .Apr.,’75-’76 1— 115. Warrensburg k Clinton. Isaac H. Denton. .Dec.,’66-’68 2_ 116. Washington Asso. A. P. Williams. .Feb.,’35-’36 1— 117. Wayne Co. (See 17). Henry McElmarry. .Feb., ’37-’40 2— Fields and Missionaries. Dale. Yrs.M. 118. Western Asso. Prentice H. Evans.Apr.,’69-’70 1— 119. Western Missouri. J. Meier, Ger.Apr., 1875 —1 120. Westport. Alex. Machett.May, ’64-’65 1—3 121. WlACONDA Asso. J. F. Rairden.June,’65-’G8 3— 122. Worth Co. (See 38). FrecjSmen’s Educational Work. 123. St. Louis. R. E. Pattison, D. D.Feb., 1870 —3 1 . Fields and Missionaries. Butte City. M. T. Lamb. :WOIVTAl\A. Date. Yrs.M. Dec., ’81-’82 —3 Fields and Missionaries. 2. Helena. L. B. Woolf oik.. J, F. Mason.. Date. Yrs.M Mar.,’71-’73 2— Nov.,’80-’82 1—3 NEBRASKA. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 1. Adams Co. (See 31). 2. Albion. Jesse A. Hungate. .Sep., 1880 —2 3. Albion & Cedar Rapids, J. A. Hungate..... .Nov.,’80-’82 1—3 4 Alexandria. J. Lewelling. .May, ’80.’82 1—9 5. Antelope (See 96). A. C. Blackenship. .July, 1872 —3 6. Antelope & Madison Cos. J. E. Kellogg. .Dec., ’79-’80 -11 Arapahoe k Beaver Valley. Sam’l B. Mays.Sep., ’76-’77 —6 8. Ashland. Caleb A. Miller. .July, ’70-’72 2- 9. Aurora. Moses Rowley. .Sep., ’74-’77 2—9 Geo. W. Lewis. .July, ’79-’80 —9 10. Aurora k West Blue. Frank M. Mitchell. .Nov. ’77-’78 —5 11. Beatrice. W. H. Eller. ,... .Oct., ’73-’75 2— Sami. P. Nason. .Apr., 1876 —6 L. B. Wharton. .Dec., ’76-’78 1—9 Geo. Scott. .Feb.,’79-’82 3— 12. Beaver Valley (See 7). 13. Bellevue (See 115). E. W. Hall. .Mar., ’65-’68 3— Jos. H. Hyde. .Sep., ’70-’71 1— 14. Bellevue k Plattford. Jos. H. Hyde. ..Sep., ’71-’72 —8 15. Bellevue k Plattsmouth. E. W. Hall .Mar.,’63-’65 2— 16. Bethel (See 165 & 184). 17. Bethel, Independence Vesta. E. D. Thomas. k ..Jan., 1877 1— 18. Bethel, Macon & River¬ ton. Jas. W. McIntosh.June,’78-’79 1- Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M 19. Blair. John M. Taggart. J. H. Elkin. John Young. J. C. H. Read. Oct., ’70-’71 .May, 1872 .Aug.. 1877 .Nov.,’79-’81 —6 —3 —3 2_ 20. Bloomington. Jas. W. McIntosh. .Jan., 1875 —3 21. Blue River Asso. H. B. Freeman.... .Nov..’72-’73 —9 22. Boone Co. (See 129). 23. Brownville (See 125 k 148). Milton F. Williams.Aug.,’66-’67 Truman S. Lowe.Nov.,’69-’70 Thos. J. Morgan..June,’71-’72 1- 1— -11 24. Burnett. Norman A. Sackett. .Nov.,’81-'82 —3 25. Burt Co. Isaac C. Jones. . June,’69-’71 2— 26. Burt & Washington Cos. Isaac C. Jones. .Jan., ’72-’73 2— 27. Butler Co. Jacob Earnhart. .July,'71-’76 3—1 28. Cass & Otoe Cos. John Davies. .Jan., 1873 -7 29. Central City, John Gunderman. J. J. Keeler. .Aug.,’72-’80 .Nov.,’80-’81 8— 1— 30. Clay Co. (See 76). 31. Clay k Adams Cos. Isaac D. Newell. H. A. Guild. .Jan.,’73-’74 .Apr.,’76-’77 1-11 1—3 32. Colfax Co. C. J. P. Babcock. .Mar.,’74-’75 1— 33. Columbus. D. C. Thomas. J. C. Engelmann, Ger. ..Jan., 1879 ..Oct., ’80-’81 —9 1— 34. Columbus & Silver Creek. Franklin Pierce.July,’81-’82 —7 to CC CO 59G IIISTOIilCAL TAELE. Fields and Missionaries. Datr. Yrs.M. 35. Cuming City (See00 & 172). John -M. Tiiggart.Jnne,’C0-’61 1— M. 8. Whiteside .May.’GS ’GO 1— L. B. Wharton.'.Dec., ’00-’67 -11 36. David City, Oak Ckeek k Valley. M. l*. Maynard.Ang., 1878 —3 37. David City, Osceola & Sil¬ ver Creek. G. W. Lewis.Nov.,’80-’81 1— 38. Dodge Co. J. A. Johnson, Swedes.. ..Jan., 1875 —3 39. Edgar. Willards. Higgins.Jan., 1877 1— Jos. Carson.Nov.,’79-’80 1— 40. Edgar & Freedom Jos. Carson.June,’78-’79 1— 41. Edgar k Glenvtlle. W. H. Wilson.jMay,’81-’82 —9 42. Eight Mile GROA’E(Seel33). 43. Elk Creek, Platte Co. J. C. Engeluiann,Ger.Oct., '81 ’82 —G 44. Elkhorn Valley. Jas. Mitchell.Oct., 1871 —3 45. Elm (See 157). 46. Esteina. G. Peterson, Swedes.June,’78-’79 1— 47. Exeter. John E Ingham.Oct., ’73-’74 —6 43. Exeter k Friendville. A. A. Rnssell.Jan.,’81-’82 1—3 49. Exeter & Geneva. K. J. Reynolds .Mar., 1879 —6 Amos Pratt.Nov.,’79-’80 1— 50. Exeter, Geneva k West Blue. John E. Ingham.Mar.,’76-’77 1— 51. Fairbury. Mark Noble.June,’70-’81 11—5 52. Fair View and Lincoln Val¬ ley. A. D. Trumbull.Jan., 53. Fair View, Vesta, Johnson 1875 —3 & Zion Hill. E. D Thomas. .Jan., 1878 1— 54. Falls City. Andrew J. Jones. Jan., 1875 —3 G. T. Webster. .Oct., ’76’77 1 — 55. Falls City k Rulo. E. D. Thomas. .Jan., 1876 1- Beni. F. Lawler. .Sep., ’78-’80 2—1 W. W.Beardslee. .Nov., ’80-'81 1- 56. Farmer’s Valley (See 101), 57. Fillmore Co. (See 152 k 153). 58. Firth (See 86, 164 k 165). 59. Florence. , G. W. Barnes.Sep., ’56-’58 2— 60. Florence & Cuming City. G. W. Barnes.Sep.,’58-’59 —9 61. Fontenelle. John M. Taggart.June,’58-’60 2— 62. Franklin Co. Thos. Muxlow.Mar.,’76-’77 1— 63. Franklin & Webster Cos. Thos. Muxlow.Sep.,’74 ’75 1— 64. FREEDt)M (See 40.) Fields and Missionaries. Fate. Yrs.M. 65. Fremont. J, McDonald.. .Apr., '70-’72 2— Thos. Jones. Aug..’72-’73 1- A. Hitchcock. .N()v.,’73-’74 1— J. H. Storms . .May, ’75-’77 2— J. W. Osborn. .Oct., ’77-’79 2— 66. Geneva (See 49 A- 50). Geo. B. Young. .Sep.,’81-’82 —5 Amos Pratt . .Nov.,’80-’81 —9 67. Gibbon. G. W. Read. .Nov.,’80-’82 1—3 68. Gibbon A Grand Island'. J . J . W. Place. .Feb.,’72-’74 2— 69, Gibbon A Kearney. J. R. Shanalelt. .Nov.,’76,’77 1— 70. Gibbon A Plumb Creek. J. J. W. Place. .Apr., ’75-’76 —9 71, Glen Rock (See 148.) 72. Glenville (See 41). Ludwig Hein, Germans. .Jan.. 1881 1— 73. Glenville A Hastings. J. E. Rockwood. July, '79-’80 1— 74, Grand Isl.\nd (See 68 A 149). J. J. W. Place.Apr., ’74-’75 1— J. R. Shanafelt.. .Nov..’77-’78 1— 75. Guide Rock (See 138). 76. Hall A Clay Cos. Ludwig Hein, Germans. .Jan., 1880 1— 77. Hamilton Co. C. J. Chader. Feb.,’80-’81 1—9 78, Ha.stings (See 73). J. H. Mize. .Feb., ’81-’82 1— 79. Highland (See 104 A 126;. 80. Huntsville A Plumb Creek. 0. A. Buzzell .Mar.,’76-’77 1— 81. Huntsville, Plumb Creei AND Overton. 0. A. Buzzell. V .Mar,,’77-’78 1— 82. Independence (See 17 A 165). 83. Indu.stry. J. D. Stapp. Nov. ’81-’82 — 3 84. Johnson (See 53). 85, Juniata A Mayflower. O. A. Buzzell. .Mar,-’78-’80 2— 86. Kam a Firth. L. B. Wharton. .Feb., 1880 —9 87. Kearney (See 69). O. A Buzzell. .Oct., ’74-’75 — 6 E. English. .Dec., ’78-’79 1- N. A. Sackett. .Mar., 1881 —8 G. Sutherland. .Sep., ’81-’82 —5 88. Liberty. P. Bolinger. .Jan., 1875 —3 89. Lincoln. O. T. Conger. .Aug.,’71-’73 1-8 W. Sanford Gee. .June.’78-’79 1— 90. Lincoln Creek (See 99, 101 A 102). 91. Lincoln Valley (See 52). 92. Loup Valley. Amos Weaver.Nov.,’79-’80 1— 93. Macon (See 18). J. R. Shanafelt. .Nov.,’80-’81 1— 94. Madison Co. (See 6). 95. Madison A Stanton Cos. Jacob Delinger. .June,’72-’73 1— HISTORICAL TABLE. 597 —6 1 — Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 9G. Madison, Stanton & Ante¬ lope Cos. J. E. Kellogg.May,’75-’79 4— 97. Marietta & Rock Creek. Thornton K. Tyson.Sep., ’77-’78 1— 98. Mayflower (See 85). 99. Milford & Lincoln Creek. E. L. Clark.Aug.,’72-’73 100. Millport (See 159). 101 Mt. Zion, Lincoln Creek & Farmer’s Valley. A. Z.T. Heath.Sep.,’76-’77 102. Mt. Zion, Lincoln Creek & West Beaver. A. Z. T. Heath.Sep.,’77-’78 1- 103. Mt. Zion & Zion Hill. Hiram Moore.Feb.,’76-’77 1- 104. Mt. Zion. Zion Hill, Peru & Highland. E. D. Thomas.Jan., 1875 1- 105. Napoleon & Republican ■ City. Thos. Muxlow.June, 1877 106. Nebraska (State). John M. Taggart, General Missionary.Oct.,’66-’67 1- J. N. Webb, General Mis¬ sionary .Feb.,’70-’73 3- E. H. E. Jameson, Gen- P. H. I)am, Scand.... Theo. Hessell, “ Chas. Ludgren, “ N. E. Axling, Swedes.. 107. Nebr.\ska City. J. G. Bowen. Nov..’80-’81 1— 1 .Aug.,’81-’82 / —6 .Mar., 1875 —2 .Jan., 1879 —5 .July,’67-’69 2— .Sep., ’70-’76 5— .Apr.,’76-’78 -11 .Jan., 1872 —9 .Dec , ’56-’60 CO . June,’61-’65 4— .Jan., 1866 —9 .June,’70-’72 2—1 .Mav.’72-’74 2— 108. Nemaha & Rich.ardson Cos. E. I). Thomas. 109. North Platte. 110. Northwood & Hamburg. —3 1—6 1—3 111. Nuckolls Co. Jos. Carson. 112. Oak Creek (See 36). 113. Oak Spring. J. D. Fleming. 114. Omaha. Wm. Leach timela.) W J. S. McCroskey, Adolph Ginius, Theo. Hessell (J4 Oct., ’65;’68 3— . June,’72-’73 -10 .N0v.,’80-’81 —6 .Nov.,’81-’82 —3 .Nov.,’80-’81 —6 .Nov..’80-’81 —6 .Aug., 1881 —3 .June,’56-57 1— • Sep.. ’59-’61 1-11 . June,’66-’69 2—9 ..Oct.,’73-’74 1— .Jan., ’75-’76 1—2 .Ang.,’70-’71 1—3 Jan., 1875 —3 s. Ai)r./79-'H0 LO -11 .Sep., ’69-’70 1— —4 2 — 1—6 —6 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. N. Hayland, Scands.Nov., 1881 —1 John Ring, Swedes and Danes.Jan., 1875 115. Omaha & Bellevue. G. W. Barnes.Sep., ’61-’62 116. Ord & Loup Valley. A. Weaver.Nov.,’80,’82 117. Otoe Co. (See 28). 118. Overton (See 81). 119. Pacific R. R. John Francis, Omaha to San Francisco.Oct., ’68-’69 Geo. W. Freeman.Nov.,’69-’71 120. Paisley (See 122). 121. Palmyra. John M Taggart.Nov.,’79-’81 A. Pratt.Nov.,’81-’82 122. Palmyra, Paisley, Stone Creek and Weeping Water. John Davies.Jan., 1872 123. Pawnee City (See 127). Wm. B. Bingham.Aug.,’70-’71 G. O. Snell.July, ’72-’73 G. T. Webster.Apr., 1876 N. P. Hotchkiss.Jan., ’77-’79 124. Peru (See 104). J. Carrington.July, ’71-’73 125. Peru & Brownvtlle. G. W. Read.Nov.,’79-’80 126. Peru & Highland. G. W. Read.Jan., ’77-’79 J. E. Jordan.July, ’81-’82 127. Peru & Pawnee City. J. Carrington.July, 1873 128. Plainfield (See 178). 129 Platt & Boone Cos. A. J. Wright.Apr.,’74-’77 130. Plattford (See 14). 131. Plattsmouh (See 15). Caleb A. Miller.Jan., ’66-’68 Thos. J. Arnold.Oct., ’72-’74 J. H. Storms.Nov.,’80-’81 132. Plattsmouth and Rock Bluff. L. H. Gibbs.Oct., ’58-’59 133. Plattsmouth and Eight Mile Grove. P. McLeod.Aug.,’70-’71 J. A. Hudson ..Dec., ’76-’77 134. Pleasant Hill & Swan Creek. J. Henry White.June,’72- 73 135. Plum Creek (See 70, 80 & 81). 136. Polk Co. Jacob Earnhart.Apr., 1876 Chas. Ludgren, Scand. .. Jan., 1875 137. Prairie Union (See 150.) D. V. Thomas.Oct., 72- 73 138. Red Cloud & Guide Rock. Geo. O. Yeiser.Feb., 80- 81 139. Red Cloud & Naponee. George O. Yeiser.Nov., 81- 82 140. Republican City (See 105). 141. Republican Valley. ,r.Q Jas. W. McIntosh.May, 7.- /8 —9 —9 —6 3— 2 — 1 — 3— —7 —6 3— 2 — 3— —6 -11 —8 —8 1 — —7 —3 1 — 1—9 —3 1 — 598 HISTORICAL TABLE. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs M. 142. Richardson Co. (See 108). E. D. Thomas.Apr./72-’73 1— 143. Riverton (See 18). 144. Rock Bluff (See 132). 145. Rock Creek (See 97). 146. Rulo (See .55). E. D. Thomas . . ..Jan., 1872 —3 G. T. Webster . . .Aug.,’74-’75 1— F. H. Rau . 1—6 147. Salem. E. D. Thomas. . .Feb.,’70-’71 1-10 * i it . .Apr., '74-’75 1— Benj. F. Lawler. ..July,’76-’77 1— 148. Salem, Brownville A Glen Rock. Calvin Reasoner. —9 149. Salem A Grand Island. A. D. Trumbull. ..Nov.,’75-’77 1—6 150. Salem k Prairie Union. Benj. F. Lawler . . .July, ’77-’78 1— 151. Saline Co. Wm. L. Miller .. ..Oct., 74-’75 —6 152. Saline k Fillmore Cos. John E. Ingham . ..Oct., ’71-72 1— E. K. Spear . —3 153. Saline, Fillmore k York Cos. John E. Ingham . ..Oct., ’72-’73 1— • < *t . .Mar.,’75-’76 1— 154. Saline A Thayer Cos. Wm. L. Miller . ..Nov.,75-76 —6 155. Saunders Co. Theo. Hessel, Scand . ... .Mar., ’74-75 1— A. Nordlandei’, Swedes. ..Jan., 1875 —3 156. Schuyler. Jos. H. Hvde . ..May,’ 72-’73 1— 157. Schuyler A Elm. C. J. P. Babcock. , .Feb., 76-’77 i— 158. Seward. E. L. Clark. ..Aug.,70 ’72 2— H. W. Bray ton.. ..Apr..’74-’75 1—7 Isaac D. Newell. ..Feb., 1876 —3 Wm. Haw. ..Feb., 1877 —9 Eph. Hapgood. , .July,’78-’80 1—9 S. D. Badger. , .Nov.,’80-’81 1— 159. Sewapd a Millport. H. W. Bravton. . .Apr.,’73.’74 1— ICO. Silver Creek (See 34 & 37). 161. Spring Creek (See 170). Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 162. Stanton Co. (See 95 & 96). 163. St. Edward. Z. C. Rush, Waterville Bap. Ch.Oct., ’79-’82 2—3 164. Sterling k Firth. L. B. Whartou.Oct., ’74-’75 1— 165. Sterling, Firth, Indepen¬ dence A: Bethel L B. IVhartou.Oct., ’75-’76 1— 166. Sterling & Tecumseh. J. 0. R(.“ad.Jan., ’79-’80 1-10 167. Stone Creek (See 122). 168. Swan Creek (See 134). 169. Tecum-seh (See 166). E. D. Phillips.Jan., 1871 1— J. Carrington.Jan., ’75-’76 2— J. C. Read.Nov.,’80-’81 1— 170. Tecumseh & Spring Creek. L. S. Livermore.June,’73-’74 1— 171. Tekamah. Jas. D. P. Hungate.July,’60-’62 2— “ “ “ .Nov.,’76-’77 —6 Isaac C. Jones.Jan , 1868 1— Robt. B. Daly.May, ’72-’73 1— 172. Tekamah & Cuming Cmr. Jas. D. P. Hungate.July,’62-’63 1-11 173. Tekamah AND Logan Val¬ ley. C. H. Holden.Nov., '80-’82 1—3 174. Thayer Co. (See 154). John Lewelling.Nov., ’78-’79 1— 175. Valley (See 36). 176. Vesta (See 17 k 53). 177. Washington Co. (See ^6). 178. Waterville (See 179). 179. Wattsville. Waterville AND Plainfield. A. J. Wright. ..Aug., ’77-’78 1— 180. WEB.STER Co. (See 63). J. T. Milner. ..Dec., ’75-’76 1— 181. Weeping Water (See 122). C. B. Carey. ..Sep., ’76-’78 2— 182. West Beaver (See 102). 183. West Blue (See 50). 184. Wilber and Bethel. J. H. Ingham.Nov., ’80-’81 —1 185. York Co. (See 153). 186. Zion Hill (See 53, 103 104), AEVAHA. Fields and Missionaries Date. Yrs.M. 1. Aurora. J. B. Saxton.July, ’03-’64 -10 2. Reno. C. L. Fisher.Jan., 1876 1— Thos. J. Arnold..Jan., ’77-’78 1—2 Winfield Scott.June,’8l-’82 —9 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 3. Virginia City. B. S. McEafferty. ..Aug.,’64-’65 -11 C L. Fisher. ..July, '74-75 1—6 Jas. Wells. —5 Geo. W. Ford. ..July, ’76-77 1- Hiram W. Read. ..Jan., ’80-’81 2— C;ilEAA»A. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 1. St. Andrew Island. Philip B. Livingston_Aug., ’55-’60 3-6 HISTOIIICAL TABLE. 599 NKW IIAxlIPWIlIRE. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 1. Coos Co. 2—6 Abraham Bedell. Geo. W. Butler, (Y, time Vt.). . .July, ’45- 46 1— 2. Dover. ..Oct., 1836 Benjamin Brierl}’^. —3 3 New Hampshire (State). ..June, 1837 —6 Thos. Rand, Agent— Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M, 4. Stkatfoiid. Geo. W. Butler time Vt.).July,'47-’48 1- 5. White Mountain Asso. Geo. W. Butler.Oct., ’49-’51 1—9 NEW JERSEY. Fields and Missionaries. Date. I rs.M. 1. Amboy. Jacob Sloper.Oct., ’32-’33 1— 2. Bbidgeton. Casper Schlag, Ger.Apr., ’74-’75 1—6 3. Egg Harbor (See 10). 4. Hackensack. Henry Toukin.Oct., ’32-’33 —9 5 . Hoboken. John Ratey.June, 1846 —3 Josiah Hatt.Nov., ’46-’49 3— 6. Jersey City. Henry Gubelmann, Ger.Jan., 1882 —3 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 7. Newark. John C. Kraft, Ger.Oct., ’76-’78 1—9 T. Sievers “ .Sep., ’81-’82 —6 8. New Brunswick. J. M. Hoefflin, Ger.,....Jan., 1873 —7 9. New Jersey (State;. John W. Gibbs.July, 1839 —3 10, Pedricktown & Egg Har¬ bor. Casper Schlag, Ger.Oct., ’75-’76 1—1 11. Trenton. Joshua Fletcher,.Nov., ’48-’49 —4 NEW MEXICO. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 1. Albuquerque. James Milton Shaw... Hiram W. Read. .Dec., ’51-’62 .Aug., ’52-’56 1— 4— 2. Fort Defiance. James Milton Shaw... , .Dec., ’53-’54 —8 3. Laguna. Sam’l Gorman. Jose Senun... ..Oct., ’52-’59 , .Apr., ’58-’61 6—3 3—3 4. Las Vegas. M. H. Murphy. J. C. Cohenour. . .June, ’80-'81 ..Sep., ’81-’82 —9 — 6 5. New Mexico. (Territory) Jose Senun,. Ronoldo Chaves. Jose Antonio Garcia.. Jose Maria Chaves.... ..Aug., ’55-’58 ..Apr., ’57 ’59 ..Apr., ’57-’61 ..Apr., ’57-’62 3— 1-9 4— 5— Fields and Missionaries. Date. Fi •s.M. Jose Sautes Tayes. .Apr., ’57- ’64 7— Bias Chaves. .Oct., ’58- 61 2—9 M. H. Murphy. , Mar., ’81- ’82 1— 6. Northern New Mexico. H. S. Westgate ()4 time •’81 Colo.).. ,Mar., ’80- 1— 7. Santa Fe. Hiram W. Read. .July, ’49 ’52 2_ Lewis Smith. .Aug., ’51- ’54 3— Fred. Tolhurst. ’54- -’56 2— James Milton Shaw... .Oct., ’65- •’57 1—9 Sam’l Gorman. ’59- ■’62 3—7 W. J. Kermott.July, ’64-’66 1—9 8. Socorro. James Milton Shaw.Oct., ’57-’63 5—6 “ “ “ _Aug., ’65-’66 1— NEW YORK. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs. M. 1, Addison. Sam’l D. Merrick_ .Oct., ’69-73 4— 2. Albany. Wm. Argow, Ger. ’68-’65 7— Henry Trumpp, Ger.. . .Dec., ’76-'81 4—5 John Jaeger, Ger. 1882 —3 3. Alden. C. H. James. ..Apr,, ’71-’73 1-11 4, Alleghany. W. C. Omans. ..Oct., ’71-’72 1— 5. Alleghany Indians. Nicholas Smith. ..July, ’68-'69 1-6 Guy Jimoson., 1870 —9 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 6, Athens. Isaac E. Howd,.. ..Oct., ’68-’69 1 — W. SV. Campbell. ..Nov., ’71-’72 1-11 B. L. Van Buren. ..Jan., ’73i’74 1-11 7. Attica. A Haeusler, Ger. . .Apr., ’65-’66 1—2 8. Avoca E. L. Minis .. .. Jan . 1872 1— J. Judson White. ...July ’73-’74 —9 9. Bainbridge. E. M. Blanchard. ..July,’71-’74 2—6 600 HISTORICAL TABLK Fields and Missionaries. Date. 1 rs.M. 10. Black Kiv?:r Asso. Philauder Perry.Oct., '69-70 1— 11. Black Rock. A. P. Mather.Jan., ’46-’47 2— 12. Breesport, Hammond’s Corner and Erin. T. E. Phillips.Nov.,’73-’74 1—6 13. Brooklyn ,See 34 & 81). Sampson White, Concord St. Col. Ch .Aug.,’49-’50 —6 14. Cairo. Thos. Stokes.Sep.,’32-'33 1— 15. Callicoon. Jacob Smith.Oct., 69-’70 —6 16. Cambridge. Jacob Gardner.June,’71-’72 1— 17. Campbell & Vicinity. John C. Mallory.Jan., ’72-’75 3— 18. Canastota. E. S. Davis.Jan., 1873 1 — 19. Canisteo River Asso. W. P. Omans. .July,’68-’69 1 CO 20. Canton. Alfred Dickson,. .May, 1872 -6 21. Catskill. John Dowling,. .June, 33-’34 1— 22. Central New York, C. \y. Brooks. .Mar.,’69-’70 1-4 23. Chemung. J W. Marsh. C. A. Stone,. .Dec., ’69-’71 .Mav, ’71-’72 1—5 1— J. C. Rooney. .July,’73-’74 1— 24. Clinton. C. H. Johnson,. .Apr.,’69 ’70 2— 25. Clyde. 11. J. Reynolds,. ..Aug.,’72-’73 1 — 26. Cohoes. Pierre Chas. Pourmier, French,.. ..Jan., 1872 1— 27. Cold Spring. L. I. Sani’l. H. Earle. .Apr., 1849 —3 28. Copenhagen (See 48). 29 Corinth. R. D. Andrews. ..May,’71.’74 3— 30. Dayton. 1). E. Burt. ..Jan., ’73-’74 2— 31. Dean’s Mills (See 78). 32. Delphi. Win. Pike. Sidney Wilder. . .Feb,,’71-’72 .July,’73-’74 1— 1 — 33. Dunkirk. W. R. Connelly. P L. Jones. . Apr.,’6.5-66 1— 1-11 34. East Brooklyn. Arus Haynes . ..Feb., ’48-’50 0_ 35. Elizabethtown. H. Steelman. Geo. S. Pratt. 2— 1-11 36. Elmira. E. F. Crane. John Branch, 2d Ch... ..Nov..’71-’73 . .Apr.‘74- 75 2—2 1 — 37. Erie Asso. B. Morely. 1 — 38 Erie Co. G. D. Blessene, Germans.Oct.,’69-’72 2—3 39. Erin (See 12). Fields and .Missionaries. Date. yrs..M. 40. Evan’s Mills (See 46). Wm. Tillinghast . June.’71-’72 1— P. K. Sheldon. .Dec.,’73-’74 1— 41. Fairfield. R. T. Gates . .Sep., 1873 —3 42. Farmer’s [Mills. Wm. James . Apr., ’73-’74 1— 43. Fol-somdale. Peter Ritter, Germans.. .Apr., 1870 —6 Franz Freidrich, “ ... June,’79-’80 1— 44. Geneseo. R. A. Waterbury. .Apr.,’73-’75 2— 45. Geneva. W. S. Goodno. July, 1868 -6 J. B. Smith. .Feb.,’69-’72 3— 46. Great Bend & Evan’s JIlLLS. P. K. Sheldon. .Oct., 72-”73 1 — 47. Greenfield. C. F. Dlakeman . Nov..’72-’73 1— 48. H.\mburg& Copenhagen. John W. Starkweather.. .Nov.,’72-’74 1—3 49. Hammond’s Corner (See 12). 50 Hancock. Chas. Clay . .May, ’71-’72 -10 H. C. Leach . .Apr.. ’72-’73 1 — 51. Harlem. 'I'hos. S. Rogers . .Aug.,’46- 47 1— John Pettes . —8 52. Havana (See 119). 53. Holland, Robt. Danger, Germans. .Oct., ’75-’7T 1—8 John Seun “ .Mar.,’78-’80 2— 54. Hoo.sick Falls. E. T. Hunt . .Apr., ’70-’72 1—8 55. Indian Fields (See 78). 56. Jamesville (See 70). 57. Jefferson Co. Silas W. Hatch . Oct , ’70-’71 —6 58. Kingsbury. Leander Hall . .Oct., ’73-’74 1— 59. Lake George Asso. Levi Wheelock. ..Nov.,’73-’74 1— 60. Lorraine, E. G. Blount . .June, 1872 —3 61. Livonia Station. Jacob Gray. ..Mar.,’70-’71 1 — D. B. Purintou . ..Apr., ’71 ’72 1— 62. IMacedon. D. D. Lowell . ..Nov.,’72-’74 2— 63. Madrid. C. 11. Johnson . ..Nov.,’71.’74 2—8 64. Malone Pierre Chas. Pourmier, French. —6 65. Mayville. J. H. Miller. ..Jan., ’72-’74 3— 66. Mendon. N. Furguson. ..Oct., ’73-’74 —6 67. Mexico. Lawson Muzzy . ..Nov, ’72-’73 1— 68. Millport. Stephen Dean. . Sep., 71-’73 1—4 L. i). Worth. ..Apr„'73-’74 1—6 69. [Milton. Arthur Day. ..Mar., 1871 —3 70. Milton k Jamesville. Win. Hempstone. .. 71. Mohawk Rivee Asso. 72. Mooers. M. Belina Czecliowski, 73. Mooers Forks, 74. Moravia. M. H. Perry ... 75. Morris ANiA. Chas. Gayer, G( 76. Naples. L. Q. Galpin... 77. Newark Valley. Dean’s Mills & In DiAN Fields. G. W. Slater.Nov., 72-’74 1—6 HISTORICAL TABLE. 601 Date. Yrs.’tl. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 87. Oneida. .Feb.,’73-’74 1— S. M. Calkins. .May,’73-’74 1— 88. Oneida Co. .Dec., ’72-’74 2— John Stephens. .Aug.,’32-’33 1— 89. Orange Co. A. C. Sangster. .May, ’32-’33 1—6 July, ’53-’55 2-- 90. Otsego Asso. J. H. McGahen. .Jan., 1874 1— 91. Ovid. .Jan., 1872 1— Peter Goo. .Oct., *09-’70 1— 92. Phelps. .Apr., 1871 —6 Chas A. Votey. .Apr.,’72-’73 1— A. H. Bliss .i. ..Aug.,’73-’74 1— .Jan..’69-’71 3— 93. PiTTSFORD. U. Gregory. .Jan., 1873 1— .Jan., ’71-’73 3— 94. PORTAGEVILLE. W. Martin. .Nov.,’72-’73 1— .Sep.‘, ’69-’70 —6 95. Port Chester. .Feb., 1874 —9 .Jonathan Bastow. .June, 1869 —5 » 96. Port Crane. H. Cornell.Apr., ’70-’72 2— 97. Port Richmond. S. G. Smith.Apr.,’72-’73 1— 79. Newfield. Wm. Sharp.-Apr.,’73-’75 2— 80. New York City (See 86). John Eschmann, Ger... Jan.,’46-’51 4—6 Chas. Gayer, “ .. Get., ’65-’58 2—6 Chas. Hieronymus," .. .Nov., ’70-’73 Ira R. Steward, Marin¬ er’s Church.Jan., ’49-’51 Ira A. Steward, Marin¬ er’s Church.July,’64-’65 Jas. L. Hodge, Mariner’s Church.July,’65-’69 4—3 Jas. L. Hodge, Mariner’s Church.Dec., ’73-’74 1— Ira R. Steward, Seamen.,Sep., ’46-48 1—3 A. B. Welch, " ..June,’69-’72 3—6 Weldon Wheeler, " ..Nov.,’68-’69 —6 Willard Wheeler, " ..June,’69.’73 4— Godfrey Craft, " ..May,’68.-’70 1—8 Andi’ew Buchan, " ..June, ’72-”74 Henry Simons, " ..May, 18(58 O. Lindh, Swedes.Feh., ’81-’82 2—6 1—6 —6 1—6 —6 1 — 81. New Y'ork City & Brook¬ lyn. R. E. Jeanson, Swedes.. .Feb.,’67-’69 2— S. Johnson, Scands.Aug., 1868 —4 C. G. Bergstedt. ‘‘ .Jan.,’69-’72 3—9 J. Eric Molen, Swedes .. .Jan., 1867 1 — 82. New York (State). John Peck, Agent.. .Nov.,’3.3-’39 6— Lewis Leonard, ‘‘ ... Apr.,’37-’39 2— John C. Murphy, " ... Jan..’33-’34 2— Isaac Westcott, " ...June, 1849 —1 James French, General Missionary.Apr.,’68-’70 2—6 Minor G. Clark, General Missionary.Mar.,’72-’74 2—8 Amos D. Watrous, Agt.. .May, 18(55 —4 A. Rauschenbush, (ier...June, 1871 —3 83. Niagara Falls. H. W. Barnes.July, ’68-’70 2—8 84. North B.ay. R. Z. Williams.Oct.,’69-’70 —9 85. Northeastern Counties. Geo. Fisher, General Mis¬ sionary.Apr.,’69-’70 1— 86. North New York. Wm. C. McCarthy.Apr., ’73-’74 1—4 98. Queensbury. E. Plue. Sep., ’71-’73 2— 99. Redwood. L. Golden. G. N. Sears. Oct., ’69-’71 June,’71-’74 1—7 3— 100. Rochester Ernest Tschirch, Ger... .Jan., 1872 1— 101. Sag Harbor. Geo. F. Hendrickson- Jas. S. Ladd. .Oct., ’44-’45 .Jan., ’47-’50 —6 4— 102. Salamanca. D. E. Burt. .Jan., ’74-’75 1— 103. Schenevus. A. K. Batchelder. .Apr.,’73-’74 1— 104. Schuyler Co. (See 118). 105. Scotia. J. R. Merriman. .Oct., ’73-’74 1— 106. Seneca Falls. Wm. R. Wright. .Oct., ’73-’74 1— 107. Somerset. John Halliday. .Nov.,’73-’74 —9 108. Southeastern Counties. Chas. A. Fox, Gen. Miss.Jan., 1869 -11 109. South Rutland. L. G. Brown. .Apr., ’71-’73 2— 110. Syracuse. Henrj" Fellman, Ger... Reinhard Hoefflin, “ ... .Apr., ’68-’75 .Nov.,’75-’82 7—5 6—3 111. Tarrytown. Chas. H. Underhill- ..Nov.,’47-’48 -11 112. Tivoli. Joshua Wood. ..June,’72-’74 2_ 113. Tonawanda. Reinhard Otto, Germans.Oct., (5- 77 2— 114. Tonawanda Indians. H. H. Cutler. .July, ’68-’74 5—9 115. Tuscarora Indians. Thos. Green. ..July,’67-’74 6—9 116. Wappinger Creek. John Dowling. —1 117. Waterloo. Stephen V. Marsh. Wm. M. Robinson- ..Apr.,’69-’70 ..Jan., ’72-’74 1— 3 2— 602 HISTORICAL TABLE. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 118. Watertown. Jacob Knapp.July, 1832 — 4 119. Watkins and Havana. Henry E. Ford.July, ’G8-’69 1— 120. Watkins & in Schuyler Co. C. W. Brooks.July. ’70-’73 2— Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M, 121. White Plains. J. B. Horse.Jan., ’71-’72 1-11 G.W. Clowe.Apr., ’73-’74 1— 122. Yorkville. C. C. Norton.July,’64-’66 1— NOIITII r. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 1. Asheville (See 3). 2. Bethel (See 14). 3. Berea and Asheville. Thos. Stradley.Jan., 1872 1 — 4. Catawba Co. (See 12). 6. Cherokee and Clay Cos. Jesse Corn.June,’70-’71 1— 6. Clay Co. (See 5). 7. Goldsborough. Theo. Whitfield.Sep., 1865 —3 8. Greensborough. P. H. Fontaine.Feb., ’66-’67 1— J. B. liichardson.May, 1874 —6 9. Guilford Co. P. H. Fontaine.Apr., ’C7-’68 —9 10. Hendersonville. G. S. Jones.June,’66-’67 1— N. Bowen.May, ’72-’73 1— 11. High Point. J. B. Richardson.May, ’71-’74 3— 12. Iredell and Catawba Cos. Jonathan B. Marsh.July,’68-’69 1— 13. Kkhuker Asso. Mark Bennett.Apr., 1845 —8 14. Lincolntown, Thessalonia, Olivet and Bethel. L. M. Berry.Apr., ’66-’67 1— 15. McDowell Co. (See 24). 16. McDowell\S: Burke Cos. C. B. Justice.June,’66-’68 2— 17. Murphy. Jesse Corn.June,’71-’72 1—6 18. New' Berne. J H. Miller.Nov.,’65-'66 —3 B. B. Spicer.May, ’66-’68 2— 19. North Carolina (State). Jonathan B. Marsh, Gen’l Missionary . Jan., P. H. Fontaine, General 1868 —6 Missionai’y. .July, ’68-’69 —6 20. 21. N. F. Roberts, Col. Peo. Olivet (See 14). Pitt Co. .May,’81-82 —9 22. S. N. Whitson. Potecasi. •Aug,, 1865 —3 23. D. E. Perrj', Col. Peo,.. Raleigh. .Feb., 1871 —8 Wni. H. Jordan. .Jan., 1836 1— Lewis Du Pre. .Sep., ’42-’44 2— Josiah J. Finch. .Dec., 45-’47 2— Wni. Warwick. .Apr , ’66-’67 1— <1 (« .May, 1869 —6 James Curry. ’66-’67 1 — Alex. Ellis. .July, 1867 — Tj ,VKOLI>A. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs . M 24. Rutherford and McDow — ELL Cos. C. B. Justice. .June, 1868 —7 25. Thessalonia (See 14). 26. Warsaw. Win. Hooper. .Feb., 1866 —11 27. Washiijgton. Carlos Swift. .Mar., 1864 —2 CO Wilmington. Wm. H. Banks. .Apr., 1866 —3 Frecdiiieii Fdiicational Work. » 29. Burke Co. (See 16). Geo. B. Outlaw. .June, 1872 —4 SO. Franklinton. John W. Freeman. .June, 1872 —4 31. Goldsborough. Henry C. Rogers. .June, 1872 —4 32. Granville Co. Alex. Mitchell. .June 1872 —4 33. James City (See 39). 34. Johnson and Nash Cos. Geo. W. Perry. .June, 1872 —4 35, Louisburg. Joshua Perry. .June, 1871 —4 36, Mecklenbitrg. John O. Crosby. .June, 1872 —4 37. Nash Co. (See 34). 38. New Berne. W. W. Campbell. .Nov., ’65-’66 —5 Matilda Barker. .Nov., ’71’-72 —8 39. New Berne & James City Matilda Barker. .Oct., ’70-’71 —8 40. Orange Co. L. G. Walden. .June, 1872 —4 41. Raleigh. Geo. W. Perry. .June, 1871 —4 Augustus Sheppard_ ,June,’71-’72 —8 Shaw University. Henry Martin Tupper,. Oct., ’65’-82 16—6 Miss H. M. Buss. Oct., ’69’-71 1—4 “ N. M. Sage.. .Oct., ’71’-72 1— “ M. A. Lathrop.... .Oct., ’71’.72 —8 “ Matilda Barker ... .Oct., ’72’-73 —8 “ G. A. Woolson. .Oct., ’72’-76 2—8 C. A. Nelson. .Dec., 1873 —1 Miss M. E. Cornwall.... .Oct., ’74’-76 1—4 “ M. J. Woolson. .Oct., '73 -76 —2 “ M. E. Baker. .Oct., ’75-’76 —8 “ S. M. Payson. .Oct., ’7.5-’76 —8 S. B. J.earv. .Oct., ’76-’77 —8 D. L. Farrar. .Oct., ’76-’78 1-4 HISTORICAL TABLE. 603 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Trs.M. Miss S. Ada Hall. “ M.J. Powell- N. F. Roberts_... F. A. Spafford. Miss S. A. Fuller... “ L. S. Haywood “ Cora Person... E. H. Lipscomb- E. D. Mason --- Miss A. R. Rhodes . “ L.T. Jackson, J, P. Dunn. N. H. Ensley. 42. SALISBtTKY. C. McClevns. Oct., ’76-’78 1-4 Oct.. ’76-’82 3-10 • Oct., ’76-’8l 3—3 Oct-, ’77-’82 3—2 Oct,. ’75-’80 1—4 ,Oct., ’78-’82 2—3 .Oct., 78-’8l 2_ .Oct., '79 ’80 —8 .Oct., ’80-’81 1 — .Oct., ’80-’82 1—2 .Oct , ’80-’81 —8 ’81-’82 —6 .Oct.. ‘81-’82 —6 !, 1871 —4 Fields and Missionaries. Date I’ rs.M. John Jones. .June. 1872 —4 43. SUNBURY. Joshua Perry. .June, 1872 —4 44. Wake and Adj. Cos. L. G. Walden. .June, 1871 —4 45. Warren Co. Caesar Johnson. . June,’71-’72 —8 46. Wilmington. Christopher Taylor- June.’7I-’72 —8 47. Wilson. Gaston Harp. .June, 1872 —4 OHIO. Fields and Missionaries. Dale. Yrs.M. Akron. Eber Crane. .Dec,, ’35-’37 2— Henrv Carr. .Dec., ’36-’38 2— S. V. Voorhis. .June ’39-’40 1— Albany. J. R. Bowles. .Jan., 1867 1— Auglaize Asso. S. M. Brower. .Oct., ’52-55 3— Ashtabula. Henry Carr. .Nov.,’32-’33 1— Asahel Chapin. .Oct., ’33-’35 2— Aurora. Silas Barnes. .Jan., ’36-’39 3—1 Avon (See 20). Bedford. Sam’l R. Willard. ,.Jan., ’39-’41 3— Bridgeport. J. E. Brown. .Nov.,’72-’73 -11 Canton. J. W. Tisdale. ..Apr., 1852 f A. M. Torbet. ..Dec.,’62-’54 1— P. M. Weddell. ..Sep., ’55-’56 1— Charleston. Edward 11. Hawley. . .Nov., ’40-’42 1—: Cincinnati. D. Siiepardson, 1st Ch. . . Jan.,’47-’48 2— Theo. Koetzly, Germans. June, 63- 64 1 — CiRCLEVILLE. Isaac K. Bronson. . .June,’38-’39 1— Fields and Missionaries. 19. Delphos (See 64). 20. Dover and Avon. Date. Yrs.M. 13. Cleveland. ^ J. L. Richmond.May,’33- 34 1 — N. S. Burton, (Ohio City).July,’53-’54 -11 S. B. Page, (Ohio City). . .May, ’54-'56 1— S. B. Page, 3d Ch.May,’55-’52 4— 14. Columbiana Co. BezaleelHill.June,’34-’36 2— 15. Columbus. „ „ r T. R. Cressy...Feb., ’35- 42 7 o D.B. Cheney.May, 47-’52 5 16. CONNEAUT. • ^ J. L. Richmond.May, ’37- 38 1— 17. Dayton Geo. D. Monger, Ger-Nov., 66- 67 1— B. Eisele, Ger.Mar., ’73- <7 4 P. Ritter, Ger.Apr., 1875 18. Delaware Co. Wm. Gildersleeve.Feb., 36- 37 1- Thos. P. Hughes,Welsh..Sep., ’36-’40 4— Bezaleel Hill. . June,’36-’38 2— 21. Ebenezer (See 48). 22. Farmington and Southington A. S. Jones. .June,’34-’36 1— 23. ' Franklin (See 66). 24. Franklin Co. Eben Crane. ,Nov., ’37-’38 1— 25. Grand River Asso. Baruch Beckwith. .May, ’38-’39 1— 26. Guernsey. John Harris. .June,’33-’34 27. Hamilton. F. William Griefe, Ger. .Oct., ’64-’66 1—6 John Fechter, Ger. . June,’66-’67 1—6 28. Headwaters of the Maumee. Moses Wares . . Mar.,’36-’37 1 — 29. Hiram. Amasa Clark. .June,’34-’36 2— 30. Huron Asso. Dan’l W. Morgan. ..Dec., ’58-’59 —9 31. Illyria. D. C. Waite.... ..Nov.,’36-’37 —6 32. Jefferson (See 61). 33. Jefferson Co. J. L. Richmond. ..May, ’35-’36 1— 34. Licking Co. Hiram Geer. ..Nov.,’32-’34 0_ 35. Lima. Wm. Chaffee. ..Oct., ’32-’34 1-10 36. Loudonville (See 40). 37. McConnellville. Eber Crane. ..Feb., ’39-’40 1— 38, Madison. Eph. F. Goodrich. ..Apr.,’33-’34 1— 39. Mansfield. Isaac Bloomer. ..Sep., ’38-’41 3— 40. Mansfield and Loudon VILLE. Isaac Bloomer. ..Sep., ’41-’42 1— 41. Marietta. Hiram Geer. .. .Feb-,’36-’38 2— Theophilus Koerber, Ger.Apr,, G- (3 2— G04 HISTORICAL TABLE. Orrin N. Sage. .June.'36-'40 4—4 Stephen B Page. .Oct.,’ 4()-'43 3— E. 11. Burr. .Oct., '61-'62 —9 43. 44. Maumee City (See 67). Mi:dina. Jas. llovey. .July, '33-'36 3— 45. Meigs Co. Amos Stevens. .Apr., '36-'37 1- 46. 1\I ELT( )N. Jas. Newton. .Oct., '35-'36 1 — 47. Mohican Asso. Jas. Berrv.. ■ May, 1833 —6 48. Morristown & Ebenezer, Geo. Cyrus Sedwick.... .Jan., 1853 1— 49. Muskingum Co. Wm. Sedwick. .Nov.,'33-’37 4— 60. Nelson. Amasa Clark.. .July, '33-'34 1— 61. Nf:WARK. Hiram Geer. .Nov.,’34-'35 1— 62. New Richmond. Josiah Denham. .Dec., '32-'33 1— 63. Norwalk. S. B. Webster. .Oct., '40-'43 3— 64. Ohio City. Rev Mr. Handy. .July, ’39-’40 1— 65. Ohio iState). 'Thos. G. Jones. .Dec., '32-'34 1—4 J. E. Lazelle. .June, 1834 _2 Ebenezer Loomis. Agent Se])., '35-'36 1—9 Wm. Sedwick, Exp. Agt.Apr., 18.53 —3 S. B. Page. Gen’l Miss.. .Sep., '68 '70 2— Thos. P. Hughes, Welsh .Jan., 1841 1— Jas. N. Williams, Fr’ch . June,'67-’68 1—1 66. Perrysburg. John 0. Birdsall. .Dec.,'36-'39 3— 67. Perrysburg & Maumee City. John 0. Birdsall. .Dec., '40-'43 3— 68. Portage Co. Caleb Green. .Nov.,'32-'34 2— 60. Richland Co. W. F. Messeldine. .Feb.,’33-'36 3 — Frederick Freeman.... .June,'34.'35 1 — 60. Richmond. Jos. W. Sawyer. .Dec., '35-'36 1— Jacob Bailey. .Sep., '38-'39 1— 61. Richmond & Jefferson. Jacob Bailey. .Sep., '39-'40 1 — Fields and Missionaries. 4>RI< Dale. Yrs.M. 1. -Albany. C. H. Mattoon. ..Apr., 1874 —9 2. Amity. E. Russ. .Dec., '72-'73 1 — 3. Ashland. A. M. Russell. .Dec., '81-'82 —3 4. Astoria. Ezra Fisher. .Api., ’45-'46 1— 6. 6. Avery Butte (See 14). Bethany. Vincent Farnkopf, Ger. .July,'80-'82 1 o Fields and Missioriaries. Date. 1’ 02. Rutland. Amos Stevens.Apr., ’35-'36 63. St. Maiiy. J. B. Conyers.July, ’64-’65 64. St. Mary & Delphos. J. B. Conyers.July. ’53-’54 65. Salem. Samuel R. Willard.Jan., 1843 66. Salem and Franklin. Sam’l R. Willard.Jan., 1842 67. Sandusky. Lewis liaymond.Oct., 1855 08. Southington. (See 22). Caleb Green.May. '38-’39 69. Springfield. E. D. Owen.Sep., 1836 70. Steubenville. N. G. Collins.July,’47-’49 Thos. S. Erwin.Apr.,’49-’51 S. L. Collins.May, ’51-’52 71. Strongsville. Elijah W. Freeman .Mar..’38-’39 72. Stryker. Irenius Foulone, French.Aug., 1875 73. Toledo. E. F. Platt.July, ’53-’58 74. Troy. Wm W. Sawj'er.Apr.,'52 '54 T. P. Childs.June,'57-’60 75. Trumbull Co. Joseph Morris.Mar., ’35-’37 — I Caleb Green.Feb.,'37-’38 76. Valley of the Miami. John L Moore.Oct., '32- 33 S. R. Clark.Sep., '33-*35 77. West Union. Lyman Whitney.Nov.,'40-'41 78. Wills Creek Asso. y>'m. Sedwick.July, ’54-'55 rs.M. 1 — 1 — 1 — 1 - 1 - —3 1 — -3 1— 9 2 — -11 1—1 —3 4—9 2 — 3— 2 - 1 — 1 — 2 — 1 — -9 Freetliiiaii’js Kducatlonal Work. 79. Ohio (State.) S. M. Dickenson, in the inter»*st of Nashville Institute.June, 1871 Fields and Missionaries, Date. Vrs.M. 7. Carlton & Vicinity. W. E. McCutcheon.Jan., 1882 —3 8. Corvallis. F. P. Davidson.Nov.,‘80-’81 —6 9. Corvallis Palestine. G. W. Black, Jr.Oct., '81- 82 -6 10. Dallas City. Sterling Hill.Sep., •71-’72 1 - 11. Eastern Oregon. S. E. Stearns (}, time Washington Territory and Idaho).Oct.,'76-’78 2— HISTORICAL TABLE, 605 Fields and Missionaries. Date, Yrs.M. 12. East Poutland. S. C. Price.Oct., ’81-’82 1—G 13. Eugene City. T. M. Martin.Sep., •71-’72 —7 C. W. Rees.Feb.,’76-’78 2—3 S. C. Price. Oct., ’78-’79 1— B. S. McLafferty. Sep., ’80-’82 1-6 14. Eugene City and Avery Butte. G. W. Bond. Mar.,’65-’67 2—8 15. 16. Forest City (See 33). Gervais. Jas. Wells,French Prairie Church.Oct., ■78-’79 1—2 17. Jacksonville. Joseph Ritter. .Dec.,’71-’72 1— 18. Looking-Glass. W. G. Miller. .Jan., 1882 —3 19. Marshfield. Chas. P. Bailey. .Jan., 1881 1— 20. Oregon (State). Ezra Fisher. Apr., ’46-’56 10-11 Hezekiah Johnson. .Dec., ’45-’47 2— Jas. S. Read. .Sep., ’51-’52 —9 John D. Post. .Nov.,’53-’64 1— E. Curtiss, GenT Miss. . .Mar.,’71-’72 1—6 Dong Gong (>^ time Wash¬ ington Terr’y, Chinese.Apr.,’78-’80 2—6 21. Oregon City. Hezekiah Johnson. .Dec.,’47 ’51 3—2 George C. Chandler. .Sep..’51-’52 1— M.N. Stearns. .Mar., 1865 —6 Jas. A. Wirth. .Jan.,’73-’74 2— J. T. Huff . .Sep.,’75-’78 3— Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 22. Pendleton. J. T. Huff . May,’81-’82 —9 23. Pioneer. J. C. Canterbury. Nov.,’81-’82 —3 24. Portland. W. F. Boyakin. Feb., ’.55-’56 1— Sam’l Cornelius. Jr. July. ’60-’65 5— Edward C. Anderson.... .Nov.,’66-’71 4—2 Fung Chak, Chinese_ Apr., ’81-’82 1— 25. Salem. J. D. P. Hungate. June,’66-’68 2—6 T. M. Martin. Oct., ’69-’71 1—6 26. Table Rock. Jas. S. Read . .Aug., 1853 —2 27. The Dalles. C. W. Rees ... .Dec ,’78-’80 2— 0. D. Taylor . .Dec.,’81-’82 —3 28. Umpqua. Wm. Jeter . .Mar.,’71-’72 -11 Jos. Ritter . .Jan., 1873 1— 29. Washington Co. Geo. C. Chandler . .Oct.,’72-’73 1— 38. Western Oregon. W. N. Pruett time Wash. Terr’y . June,’72-’73 1— 31. 32. West Tualitin (See 32). West Union and WestTua LITIN. J. D. P. Hungate . .July,’63-’66 2-10 33. West Union & Forest City. Geo. C. Chandler . .Oct., ’73-’74 1— pe:^nsylva:nia . Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 1. Allegheny. Wm. Sliadrack.... ..May,’36-’38 2— 2. Birmingham. Reinhart Otto, Ger.Sep.,’66-’70 3—9 Edw. J. Beckmann, Ger. July,’70-’72 2—6 F. W. Schalike, Ger.Eeb„ ’73-’74 1— 3. Brownsville. Thos. J. Cole.Bec.,’52-’54 1—9 4. Clarion (See 22). 5. Centerville. John White.June,’53-’54 1— 6. CoRRY (See 25). A. D. Bush.Jan.,’65-’67 3— W. B. Connelly.Aug.,’70-’71 1— T Erie A. Haeusler. Ger.July,’G4-’G5 —9 John Eisenmenger, Ger. Aug.,’65-’68 3— Adolph Genius, Ger.June, 1868 —5 Z. Marten. Ger....June,’77-’79 2— G. Kooinuann, Ger.July,’79-’82 2—9 8. Fayette and Greene Cos. Benoni Allen.Apr., ’35-’37 2— 9. Freeport L. L. Still.Sep., ’54-’65 1— 10. Greene Co. (See 8). 11. Johnstown. Wm.B, Bingham.Jan., 1854 —9 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 12 Meadville. E. Macomber. .Apr.,’37-’39 2—6 13. Millerstown. Robt. Danger, Ger. .June, 1874 —6 Henry Desch, “ . .June,’76-’77 1— 14. North-East. W. Dunbar.. ,.Oct., ’71-’73 2— 15. Oil Regions. R. Jeffery. ,.Aug., 1864 — 1 16. Philadelphia (See 20). Jos. Perry, Mariner’s Bethel . ,.Jan., ’66-’69 3— G. D. Blessene, Ger— . .Jan.,’71-’73 2—6 John Linker,(Kensington) Ger.Dec.,’73-’76 3— John C. Schmidt, Ger. ..Oct.,’78-’80 1—6 17. Pittsburgh (See 21). T. C. Teasdale.. ..Aug.,’46-’47 -11 Henry Kose, Ger. .Dec., ’76-’77 —3 18. Saltsburgh and West Lebanon. Thos. I. Penny. ..Jan., 1854 -11 19. Scranton. Adolph Genius, Ger- . .June,’75-’77 1—9 H. A. Griep, Ger. ,.Sep., ’77-’81 4— Jacob Staub, Ger. ..Sep., ’81-’82 —6 20. South Philadephia. John C. Schmidt, Ger. ..Oct., ’80-’82 2— GOG HISTORICAL TABLE. Fiehls and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 21. South Pittsburg. P. M. Weddell.Juiie.’52-’55 3— Wm. Paul. Ger.Jan.,’75-’7G 1—6 22. Strattonville & Clarion. Thos. I. Penny. ,.Dec.,’55-’66 —9 23. Tioga Tobias Pinkham. ..Nov.,’40-’43 3— 24. Union Mills. A. M. Tennant. ..May, ’65-’68 3— 25. Union Mills & Corry. A. D. Bush.. 1— 26. Warren. Wm. R. Northrup. ..July, 1847 —6 27. Warrensville. J. S. Miller. Ger. ..Apr.,’78’81 3—1 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. D. F. Giles, Ger.May, ’81-'82 —9 28. Washington. Maluor C. Blaine.Aug.,’75-’77 2— 29. Western Pennsylvania. Epli’m. F. Goodrich.May, 1832 —I 30. West Greenville. Nimrod Burwell .Nov.,’52-'55 2—7 Demas L. Clouse.Oct., ’67-’62 4—6 31. West Lebanon (See 18). 32. Williamsport. John Linker, Ger.Oct., ’70-’73 3—2 J. S. Blenner, “ .Jan., ’74-’77 3—3 J. S. Miller, “ .Jan., 1878 —3 E, Graalmann,“.June.’78-’81 3—6 SOUTH U Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 1. Aiken. Lucius Cuthbert.Col.Peo.July, ’68-’69 1—6 2. Barnwell k Colleton Cos. J. C. Butler, Col. Peo-Feb.,’75-’77 2— 3. Beaufort. Isaac W. Brinkerhofi, Col. Peo.June, 1862 —3 Solomon Peck. Col. Peo. .Nov.,’62-’64 2— Jacob Robinson, Col. Peo.Jan., 1863 1— A. B.Woodwortli,Col.Peo.Feb., ’65-’69 3—3 M. R. Fory, Col. Peo.Oct., 1868 —3 Robt. Thomson, Col. Peo.May, ’71-’72 —9 4. Bethesda k Big Branch. J. M. Chavis, Col. Peo_June, 1872 —4 6. Big Branch (See 4). 6. Camden. Monroe Boykin, Col. Peo.Feb., ’72-’73 1— 7. Canaan. Edw. G, Greene, Col. Peo.June, 1871 —4 8. Colleton Co. (See 2). 9. Catawba Co. L. Golden, Col. Peo.Dec.,’65-’66 —4 10. Charleston. Chas. H. Corey, Col. Peo.Sep., ’65-’67 2—2 Edw. Lawrence,Col.Peo. June.’67-’68 1— Wilson Carr .June,’67-’68 1— Jacob Legare.Jan., 1868 —6 Tilman R. Gaines.June,’70-’71 1—5 11. Combahee,Coosawhatchee AND PoCOTAGLIO. R. F. Bythewood.Apr.,’68-’70 2— 12. Coosawhatchee (See 11). 13. Darlington. Isaac P. Brockenton, Col. Peo.June,’70-’71 —8 Isaac P. Brockenton, Col. Peo.July.’77-’81 4— 14. Eastern South Carolina. J. O. B. Dargan. Col. Peo.Nov.,’71-’74 2— 15. Florence. W.J. Parnell.Mar.,’72-’73 1— 16. Greenville. Gabriel Poole, Col. Peo. .Apr., ’69-’70 -11 17. Hilton Head (See 24). 18. Kersh.\w Co. Monroe Boykin, Col. Peo.Oct., ’70-’71 1— iKOUI>A. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Y rs.M. 19. Lawton viLLE. Benj. L. Brisbane. .May,’71-’73 2— 20. Longtown. T. W. Millichamp. .Jan., 1874 1— 21. Marion Co. Wm. Nolen. .July,’36-’37 1— 22. Mt. Pleasant. O. F. Gregory. .Feb., ’71-’73 2_ 23. Port Royal (See 27). Andrew Wilkins, Col.Peo.Apr., 1863 —5 24, Port Royal and Hilton Head. Carleton Parker, Col.Peo.Feb., 1864 —5 25. Pocotaligo (See 11). •26. St. Helena. Jonathan W. Horton, Col. Peo. .May, 1862 —2 W. S. Phillips, Col, Peo., .Dec.,’63-’64 —4 27. St. Helena k Port Royal. Benj. L. Brisbane. .May, 1870 —7 28. Society Hill. Jas. Hamilton, Col. Peo..Apr..’66-’67 —9 29. Western South Carolina. J. F. Tolbert. ,Mar., 1869 —6 30. Yorkvtlle. 'rilman R. Gaines. .Aug.,’67-’69 2— W. A. Gaines. .Aug.,’71-’72 1 — Freetliiieii Kduuatioiial Work • 31. Beaufort. Solomon Peck. ,Nov.,’64-’65 —6 Miss Laura A. ’Phying.. .Nov.,’65-’66 1—2 “ Sarah E. Peck. .Nov.,’64-’65 —6 32. Columbia. Benedict Institute. Timothy S. Dodge. .Dec,,’70-’76 5—3 Miss H. W. Goodman... .Jan., ’72-’77 3— E. G. Wooster. .Sep., ’75.’80 4—9 Miss i\I. R. Wooster. Dec., ’75-’77 1—2 Mrs. E. A. Wooster.. .Oct., ’77-’80 2 — Lewis Colby. .Oct., ’76-’79 3— Miss L. B. Gibbs. .Oct., ’77-’78 —8 “ E. C. Sanders. .Oct., ’78-’80 1—4 E. J. Goodspeed. .Oct., ’79-’81 1—& HISTOKICAL TABLE. GOT Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M, Miss F. R. Goodspeed., ..Oct., ’80-’81 —8 Sam’l H. Baker. , .Oct., ’80-’82 1—2 A. L, Farr. ..Oct., ’80-’81 1— Mrs. A. L. Farr. ..Oct., ’80-’81 1— Miss Mary Simms. ..Oct., ’80-’82 1—2 “ Helen McGill. . .Oct., ’81-’82 —6 A. H. McGill . ..Oct., ’81-’82 —6 C. E, Becker. ..Oct., ’81-’82 —6 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs..M. Mrs. A. E. Baker. “ A. M. Wood. .Oct., ’81-’82 .Nov..’81-’82 1 1 35. Hilton Head. Miss Eliz. Hill. ,.Nov.,’65-’66 —8 34. St. Helena. Miss Ann Frances Carter.Mar., 1864 “ AbbieA. Lewis.Mar., 1864 —3 —3 1 . 2 . 3. 4. 5- 6 . 7. 8 . 9. 10 . 12 . 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20 . 21 . 22 . 23. 24. TEXNESSEE. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. Bedford, Williamson and Marshall Cos. P. F. Terrell.Apr.,’68-’69 1— Blountsnille and Muddy W. N. Buckles.Aug.,’67-’68 1— Pj^TSTPOTi J. T. Kincannon.May,’66.’69 3— *• “ Mar.,’72-’73 —1 Carter & Johnson Cos. « L. L. Maples.Nov.,’66-’66 1— Chattanooga (See 33). Clarksville. Theo. B Kipley.June,’42-’45 2-11 Cleveland. G. D. Oviatt.Jan., 1866 1— Eastern Tennessee. Jas. Kennon.June, 1835 —6 Samuel Love.Feb.,’35-’36 1—6 \V. A. Nelson.Oct.,’64-’06 2—6 J. T. Elincannon (}4 time Va.Mar.,’71-’72 -11 Edgefield. E. Strode, Col. Peo.July, ’69-’70 1— Fayette Co. Jas. G. Hall.Jan.,’33-’36 2—6 Henderson Co. liobt. T. Daniel.Dec.,’37-’40 2— Johnson Co. (See 4). Johnson & Sullivan Cos. W. N. Buckles.May,’69-’70 1— Jonesborough. M. V. Noffsinger.May, ’66-’67 1—7 Knoxville (See 33). Jos. A. Bullard.Jan., ’43-’44 1— Homer Sears.reb.,’45-’47 1—6 Dan’l W. Phillips, Col. Peo.Sep., ’64-’65 -11 Edmund Kelly, Col.Peo.Apr , ’66-’67 1—3 J. H. Morton.Oct., ’65-’66 -10 La Grange. H. G. Hayward.Oct., ’38-’39 1-10 Lebanon. Jos. A. Bullard..July,’44-’46 2— Leadvale (See 26). McMinn Co. (See 32). McMinnville. J. R. Haggard, Col. Peo..Mar., 1866 —3 John Powell.June, 1866 —3 Manchester & Tullahoma P. F. Terrell.Apr., 1869 —3 Marshall Co. (See 1). Mechanicsville. John M. Walters.Aug.,’76-’77 1— Fields and Missionaries . Date. Yrs.M. 25. Memphis. Eleazer C. Eager time Miss.). ...Feb.,’42-’43 1— Isaac C. Hoile, Col. Peo.Sep., ’63-’64 1-3 H. G. Dewitt, Col. Peo.. .Apr., 1864 —6 Jos. Cheatham,Col. Peo.Mar.,’65-’66 1- Sam’l G, Silliman_ _Mar.,’65-’66 1— A. C. Caperton, Col. Peo.. June,’67-’68 1— W. F. Troughton, ..Feb., 1868 —4 W.H. Phillips, . .Aug.,’68-’70 1—6 Z. C. Rush, ..July,’66.’67 1— 26. Morristown & Leadvale. Peter Gwinn.. ....Aug.,’70.’71 —6 27. Muddy Creek (See 2). 28. Murfreesborough. Thos. B. Ripley. 1— Z. C. Rush. ....July,’65-’66 1— 29. Nashville. B. C. Howell. 1— Elihu Robinson. —5 John S. Westover_ . ..Mar., 1864 —3 Simon Quackenbush, Col. Peo. —2 W. P. T. Jones, Mulberry St. Col. Ch. .. ..June.’74-’77 3— Miss M. E. Abercrombie, Col. Peo . ....Dec.,’78-’80 1—6 Miss E. F. Adams, Col. Peo. ....Dec.,’78-’80 1—6 30. New Market. W. W. Merriman_ —4 31. Polk Co. Thos. Postell, Col. Peo...Nov.,’69-’70 1— Thos. A. Higdon, “ ...Nov.,’69-’71 2— 32. Polk & McMinn Cos. Thos. A. Bell. 1— 33. Shelbyville, Knoxville & Chattanooga. Simon P. Anderson, Col. Peo. ....July,’66-’67 1— 34. Sullivan Co. (See 14). W.N. Buckles (J /2 timeVa.)May,’71-’72 1— 35. Sweet Water Valley. J. P. Kefauver. ....Scp.,’64-’69 4—6 36. Tennessee (State). P. S. Gayle. _Oct.. ’33-’35 1—6 Rob’t T. Daniel. 2— Simon P. Anderson, Col. Peo. ....July,’67.’68 1— M. V. Noffsinger, Gen’l Miss. .. ..Dec.,’67-’68 1— 37. Tullahoma (See 22). 38. Western Tennessee. Jacob Browning .... ....Oct., ’38-’40 2— 39. Williamson Co. (See 1). G08 # HISTORICAL TABLE. Frordiiien Filurational Work, Fields and Missionaries. Date. Vrs.M. 40. Island No 10, Miss J. P. Moore. Jan., 1864 —2 41. Memphis. Mrs. H. G. Dewitt. .Apr., 1864 —6 E Branch. —6 Mrs. A. N. Branch. Apr., 1864 —2 Sam’l G. Silliman. Alar ,’64-’65 1— Wm. Bailev. AIav,’65-’66 1— Miss S. G. Bailey. .Alay, ’6o-’66 1— “ S. A. Bailey. May, ’65-’66 1— Airs. P. W. Bailey. .May,’65-’66 1— 42. Nashville. Nashville Institute. H. L. Wayland. June,’64-’65 —8 D. W. Phillips. . Aug.,’65-’82 16— 43. Z. C. Rush. .July,’67-’68 1— J. H. Magee. .Mar., 1869 —6 TEXAJji Fields and Missionaries. Date. Vrs.M. 1. Andeeson Co. (See 30). 21. 2. Austin. Jacob Fontaine, Col.Peo.Feb.,’71-’72 1— 22. 3. Austin and Ba.stbop. 23. R. H. Taliaferro. AIar.,’47-’48 1— 4. Basteop (See 3). 24. 5. Beenham. C. F. Jensen, Ger. .July, 1881 —3 25. 6. Caldwell, Guadalupe, 26. Hays & Com.vl Cos. Jas. H. Wells. .AIay,’48-’49 1— 7. Cedae Hill. 27. C. F. Jensen, Ger. .July,'79-’81 2— 8. Comal Co. (See 6). 28. 9. COEPUS Chbisti. J. AI. ('arroll. ..Oct., ’81-’82 —6 29. 10. Ea.st Texas. W. R. Alaxwell, Gen’l Miss’y. .Oct., ’81-’82 —6 11. El Paso. 30. Rich’d Walsh. Apr.,’81-’82 1— 12. Fayette and Lavaca Cos. A. Haeusler, Ger. Oct., ’79-’80 1— 31. 13. Ft. Concho. E. j. APjrys. .Jan., 1882 —3 14. Galveston. Jas. Huckins. .Nov..’42-’43 —6 15. Galveston and Houston. Jas. Huckins. .Nov..’40-’42 2— 16. Hays Co. (See 6). 33. 17. Hendeeson Co. (See 30). 18. Houston (See 16). F. W. Becker. Ger. .June.’81-’82 —9 19. Independence. Wm. AI. Tryon. .Jan., ’41-’42 2— 20. Independence & Washing . ton. Wm. AI. Tryon. Jan., 1843 1- Fields and Missionaries. Date. Miss ]M. 1. Reed_ ..May, 1809 A. J. Cushiug.Sep..T>9-’70 Miss E. H. Smith.A«g.,T)9 ’76 Miss C. V. Dyer.Sep., ’70-’82 L. B. Tefft.Sep., '74-’82 Miss E. A. Phillips.Oct., ’75-’78 - M. A. Frazer.Oct., ’76-’78 “ C. Mears.Oct., ’76-’78 Chas. S. Dinkins.Jan., 1878 Miss A, F. Bickford.Sep., ’78-’80 “ M. A. Fiske.Sep., ’78-’80 “ E. R. George.Sep., ’78-’82 M. R. Smith.Sep., ,78-’82 M. E. Herrick.Sep., ’78-’81 “ A. R. Phillips.Sep., ’80-’82 L. B. Fish.Sep., ’80.’82 L. C. Hoppel.Sep., ’81-’82 Vrs.M. —3 1 — 4—9 9—4 7—7 2 — 1—5 1— 5 —5 1—6 1—6 2 - 10 2-10 2—1 1—4 1—4 —7 N. H. Ensley, in interest of Nashville Inst.July.’77-’78 --4 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Vrs.M. Lakedo. John D. Wright.Jan., 1882 —3 Lavaca Co. (See 12). Mabshall. G. W. Rogers.Sep.,’80-’81 —5 Pleasant Geove Asso. J. M. Scates.•.Nov., 1881 —2 Polk Co. (See 27). Rio Geande Mission. W. D. Johnson.Dec.,’81-’82 —3 San Jacinto & Polk Cos. D. W. Jackson.Nov.,’81-’82 —3 San Saba. J. R. Miller.Jan., 1882 —3 Texas (State). Benj. B. Baxter.Dec., ’42-’43 —3 F. W. Schalike, Ger.May. ’70-’71 1— F. Kiefer, Ger.May, ’70-’73 3— O. C. Pope, Geu’l. Miss. .Oct., ’81-’82 —6 Van Zandt, Hendeeson & Andeeson Cos. W. H. Hendrix.Oct., ’81-’82 —6 Washington (See 20.) Wm. M. Tryon.Jan.,’44-’45 1—6 Freedman’s Educational Work. Maeshall. A. R. Griggs (in interest of Bishop College). Bishop Baptist College. S. W. Culver... . Oct., 1880 —2 .Oct., ’81-’82 —6 .Oct., ’81-’82 —6 .Oct., ’81-’«2 —6 .Oct., ’81-’82 —6 .Oct., '81-’82 —6 HISTOEICAL TABLE. 609 Fields and Missionaries. 1. Ogden. Dwight Spencer. UTAH TERRITORY. Date. Yrs.M. Dec., ’80-’82 1—3 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 2. Salt Lake City. Sewall Brown, time Wy. Ter.)..Oct.,’71-’72 —9 VERROAT. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 1. Bloomfield (See 6). 2. Bkattlebokottgh. David Durivage, French. June, 1872 —3 3. Bublington. H. I. Parker.Mar.,’49-’50 1— A. L. Therrien, French . .Jan., ’76-’79 3—9 J. D. Bossier “ . .Oct.,’79-’82 2—6 4. Enosbukgh (See 7). Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 5. Essex Co. Geo. W. Bntler time N. H.).July,’45-’46 1— 6. Lunenbuegh & Bloomiteld. Geo. W. Bntler time N.H .July,’46.’48 2— 7. Montgomery & Enosbtjegh. J. D. Bossier, French... Nov.,’71-’73 1-11 8. Vermont (State). David Durivage, French.Sep., ’72-’73 —9 VIRGINIA, Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 1. Alexandria. J. J. Brooks, Col. Peo.. .May, 1864 —2 Geo. W. Parker, Col. Peo.Dec., ’66-’67 1— J. Thomas, “ Jan., 1868 —6 L. W. Brooks, “ Jan., 1868 —6 2. Alexandria Co. (See 15). 3. Augusta Co. (See 6). 4. Botetourt Co. J. P., CaiTou, Col. Peo.. .Oct., ’66-’67 2— 5. Botetourt k Adj. Cos. J. P. Carron, Col. Peo... .Oct., ’69-’74 5— 6. Botetourt & Augusta Cos. J. P. Carron, Col. Peo-Oct., ’68-’69 1— 7. Botetourt k Bockbridge Cos. J. P. Carron, Col. Peo.,. .Oct., ’67-’68 1— S. Charlotte C. H. Jos. Walker, Col. Peo... .Mar.,’68-’70 2— 9. Ch-ARLOtte Co. (See 30). Jos. Walker, Col. Peo-Mar., 1870 —9 10. Charlottesville. Henry Marshall,Col. Peo.Apr., 1866 —1 11. Chesterfield Co. Bob’t Haskins.May,’71-’72 —8 12. Christianville. 11. Burton, Col. Peo.May, ’67-’68 —9 13. Coal Field. Fields Cook, Col. Peo_June, 1866 —3 14. Eastern Virginia. Asa Prescott, Col. Peo.. .June, 1863 —3 L. B. Barker, “ ...July, 1864 —2 15. Fairfax, Alexandria and Lancaster Cos. B. S, Laws, Col. Peo.Oct., ’68-’69 —5 16. Falls Church. W. G. Baymond, Col.Peo.Oct., 1865 —3 17. Franklin Depot. Jos. Gregory, Col. Peo.. .Aug.,’68-’72 4— 18. Front Boyal. SamT M. Athey.Feb., ’73-’74 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 19. Giles Co. (See 40). 20. Hampton. Wm. Thornton, Col.Peo.Aug., ’66-’70 4— 21. James Square. Wm. 0. Bailey. Jan., 1868 —9 22. Lancaster Co. (See 15). 23. Lebanon. Asa Bouth. Dec., ’67-’68 1— 24. Liberty. J, A. Davis. .Nov.,’66-’66 1— 25. Liberty, Timber Bidge k Mt. Vernon, J. A. Davis.. ,Jan,, ’67-’68 2— 26. Lunenburg Co. (See 30). 27. Madison Co. M. H. Gaskins, Col.Peo. .Jan., 1869 1— 28. Marion. B. H. Boatwright, Col. Peo. .July,’69-’70 —9 29. Marion & Wythevtlle. Wm. Huff. ,Dec.,’65-’66 —9 30, Mecklenburg. Lunenburg k Charlotte Cos. D. F. Leach, Col. Peo... .Jan.,’72-’82 9—6 31. Middlesex Co. Jas. Kenuer. Col. Peo.., .June, 1870 —6 32. Mt. Calvary (See 38). 33. Mt. Vernon (See 25). 34. Norfolk. Thos Henson, 1st. Col. Church. .Nov.,’63-’65 2— Thos. Henson.. .Jau., ’67-’68 1— 35. Petersburg. Wm. E. Walker, Col. Peo.Mar., 1865 —6 John W. Terry, “ .May, 1865 —2 Edgar Smith, 1st. African Church. .Apr., 1866 —1 36. Poplar Grove. Bob’t Griggsby, Col. Peo.Jan., 1867 1— 1 — GIO HISTORICAL TABLE, Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 37. Portsmouth. E. G. Oorprew, Col.Peo. .June,’64-’68 4— 33. Providence & Mt. Calvary. R. W. Cridliu. Apr., ’71-’72 1— 39. Prince Edward Co. W. W. Colley. .May, 1871 —4 40. Pulaski & Giles Co. G. Gray, Col. Peo. .Apr., 1866 —9 41. Rappahannock Co. James F. Kemper, Col. Peo. .May, 1875 —4 42. Richmond. A. B. Smith. ... .Jan., ’45.’46 1— F. McCarthy, Belvidere Church. .Oct., '65-66 -11 J. H. Fox. Col. Peo. .Feb.,’71-’72 1— JohnM. Butler, Col. Peo.Aug., 1871 —3 G. S. Stock well, “ .Apr., ’65-’66 1— Peter Raudolph, Eben ezer Church. .Nov.,’66-’67 -11 John Blenuer, Ger. .Oct.,’70-’71 1— Wm. Papenhauseu, Ger.Sep., ’78-’80 1—8 43. Rocketts. Wm. A. Person, Col. Peo.Jan., 1870 —8 J. T. Kincannon, “ .Sep., 1870 —4 44. Russell Co. Asa Routh. .Dec., ’65-’67 2— 45. Scottsville. J. H. Fox, Col. Peo. .Feb., ’72-’73 1~ 46. Shenandoah Valley. John I.yles. ■ Jan., 1870 -11 47. Southern Virginia. J. W. Patterson, Col.Peo.July, 1881 —1 Ellis Watts “ .Dec.,’81-’82 —3 48. Southwest Virginia. David Kitzmiller . Nov., ’68-’69 1— J. T. Kincannon Col.Peo. (^time Tenn.). .Mar.,’71-’72 -11 49. Staunton. F. W. Morris.. .Feb., 1870 —9 50. Stevensonville. P. H. Bagby, Col. Peo... .May, 1869 —3 61. Timber Ridge (See 25). 52. Virginia (State). Jos. H. Jones (K time Md.).. .May, ’41-’43 2— Asa Prescott, Col. Peo. .Sep., ’63-’64 —9 J. S. Bacon, Col. Peo. .Apr., 1869 —6 53. Washington Co. W. N. Buckles (>^ time Tenn.). , May, ’71-’72 1— 54. Williamsburg. John M. Dawson, Col. I’eo . .Jan., ’67-’80 12—5 Wm. C. Hall, Col. Peo.. .Mar.,’69-’73 4— 55. Wythkville (See 29). 56. Yorktown. John Carey, Col. Peo... .May, ’65-’68 3— Freeiliiieii Kdiicatloiial Work. 57. Alexandria. Miss M. A. Collier. .Mav, ’64-’66 2- “ M. J. Emerson ... . Aug.,’6.5-’66 -10 “ E. M. Keltie. .Nov.,’64-’65 1— “ M. L. Avery. , Aug.,’65-’06 —8 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. Miss S. A. Gray...._ .Feb., 1866 —5 Geo. H. Steemer. .Oct., •66-’67 —4 Miss Martha Winfield.. .Oct., 66-’67 —4 “ C. Gowing. .Nov.,’66-’67 -7 “ L. Lane. .Oct., ’66-’67 —4 58. Alexandria & Williams- BURG. Clement Robinson. .Jan., ’63-’68 2—8 69. Amherst Co. Jos. S. Brown. May, ’71-’72 —8 60. Appomattox. J. B. Mathews. .May, ’71-’72 —8 61. Arlington. R. S. Laws. .June, 1371 —3 62. Ashland. Miss J. Bell. .Oct., '66-’67 _7 63. Beaver Dam. Jesse Herndon. —4 64. Bedford Co. H. H. Johnson. .May, 1872 —4 65. Boydton. Henry Bacon. .June, 1870 —3 66. Campbell Co. J. H. Carey. _4 67. Charlotte C. H. Whitfield Clarke. .May, 1871 —4 Wm. A. Thompson. .May, 1872 —4 68. Christianville. Cephas L. Davis. .June, 1871 —3 69. Deatonsville. W. W. Colley. .June, 1870 —3 70. Eastville. C. M. Beckett. .June, 1871 —3 71. Enom. Dan’l Stewart. .June, 1869 —3 72. Essex Co. Wm. Cousins. .May, 1872 —4 73. Farnham’s Cross Roads. A. M. Newman. .June, 1869 —3 74. Frederickburg. Miss J. Bell. .Oct., •6.5-’66 —9 “ L.E. Sheldon. .Jan., ’66-’67 -11 “ M. W. Stouten- burgh. .Oct., ’65-’68 2—4 Miss E. Stoutenburgh.. .Oct., ’66-’67 -10 75. Gilfield. Chas. H. McDaniel. • June, 1870 —3 76. Goochland C. H. Jackson Scott. .Mav, 1872 —4 Phillip W. Diggs. .May, 1872 —4 77. Goochland Co. Greet’ Carter.. .May, 1871 —4 78. Halifax Co. Amos A. Powell. .May, ’71-’72 —8 79. Hanover C. H. T. C. Chavis. .June, 1870 —3 80. HANO^"ER Co. Jesse Herndon. .May, 1872 —4 81. Harmony Village. Wm. Bassett. .June, 1870 —1 82. Keyesville. Wm. A. Thompson. .June,'69.’70 —8 83. King William Co. J. M. Chavis.. .May, 1871 —4 M. T. Lewis. .Mav, 1872 —4 HISTORICAL TABLE. 611 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 84. Kilmarnock. DanT Stewart.June, 1869 —3 85. Locust Hill. W. H. Scott.Juue,’69-’70 —6 86. Loretto. Wm. Cousin.June, 1870 —3 87. Loudoun Co. Harvey Johnson.June,’71-’72 —8 88. Louisa Co. W. W. Colley.May, 1872 —4 89. Lynchburg. C. E. Brown.Jan., 1866 —6 Miss C. Gowing.Dec..’65-’66 —6 S. C. Whitaker.Jan., 1866 —6 “ A. F. Whitaker_May. 1866 —2 J. M. Armistead.June, 1870 —3 Jos. E. Jones.June, 1870 —3 90. Manchester Miss R. E. R Thompson.Oct., ’65-’67 1—6 “ M. J. Richards. ...May, 1865 —3 91. Mecklenburg Co. Cephas L. Davis.June, 1872 —4 92. Meherrin. Whitfield Clarke.June, 1870 —3 93. Newport News. W. H. Bergfels.Feb., 1864 —6 Mrs. W. H. Bergfels.Apr., 1864 —3 Henry M. Dean.Nov.,’64-’65 —3 94. New Kent Co. J. W. Patterson.May, ’7l-’72 —8 95. New’s Ferry. A. A. Powell.June, 1870 —3 96. Norfolk. Miss M. J. McQueen-May, 1864 —8 Orlando Spratley.June, 1871 —4 97. Northampton Co. C.M. Beckett.June, 1872 —3 98. Northumberland Co. J.N. Kelly.June, 1871 —4 99. Petersburg. Geo. W. Goines.June, 1865 —6 F. M. Bates.Oct., ’65-’67 1—9 Mrs.F. M. Bates.Oct , ’65 ’67 1—9 Nelson Bates.Oct., ’65-’66 —9 Mrs. Nelson Bates.Oct., ’65-’66 —9 Miss E. L. Berry.Nov.,’66-’67 —7 Dan’l Hodgkins.Apr., 1866 —2 Collier M. Tabb.Oct.,’65-’66 1— 100. Portsmouth. Mrs. S. M. Miller.Mar., 1864 —6 Miss M. E. Knowles.July,’64-’65 —9 S. B. Gregory.Dec.,’64-’65 —6 Miss S. J. Harris .Nov.,’64-’65 —8 “ J. D. Barker.July,’64-'65 -11 '* Julia M. Bartlett. Jnly,’64-’70 5—1 “ A. B. Hancock.Oct., ’64-’65 -10 “ A. M. Draper.Apr.,’65-’70 4— “ E. M. Keltie.Nov.,’65-’66 —8 “ E. E. Lewis.Nov.,’07-’68 —7 101. POWHATTAN. Jackson Scott.May, 1871 —4 102. Rappahannock Co. Geo. W. Horner.July,’71-’72 —6 103. Rectortown. Benj. Booker.June, 1871 —3 104. Richmond. Nathan B. Chamberlain. July, 1865 —2 Miss C. N. Keith.May, '65-’66 1— Fields and Missionaries. Dale Yrs.M. Miss Elinia P. Brannon..May, 1865 —3 f ' A. A. Lewis. .Oct., ’65-’66 —9 t * S. A. White. Aug.,’65-’66 —7 J. G. Binnev. .Nov.,’65-'66 —8 Miss M. A. Howe. .Oct., ’6.5-’67 1—3 t < L. A. Cayford. . Aug..’65-’66 1— t( A. B. Hancock- .Oct., ’6.5-’67 1—9 11 M. E. Knowles- .Apr.,’6.5-’69 4—1 t( S. L. Barrett. .Oct., ’65-’69 2—6 i t A. Rogers. ,.Oct., 1866 —2 11 E. A. G. Smith- .Oct., 1866 _2 t i A. L. Williamson. .Oct., 1866 _2 2 time Idaho) . Nov.,’80-’82 1—3 6. Lewis Co. (See 4). 7. Olympia. JosephCosto.Jan., 1872 —9 8. Oysterville. S. E. Stearns.Mar., ’71-’72 1— 9. Puget Round & British Columbia. W. E. M. James.Apr.,’81-’82 1— Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M, 10. Puyallup. Jonathan Wichser.Sep., '78-’79 1 — 11. Puyallup & White River. Jonatlian Wichser.St^p.,’79-’81 2— 12 Seattle. Jos. A. Wirth.July,’77-’82 2—6 13. Spokane and Cheney. 1). W. C. Britt.Sep., ’81-’82 —6 14. Thurston Co. (See 4). 15. Wall,v-Walla. W. N. Pruett (^ time Oregon).June,’72-’73 1— J. L. Blitch.July, ’79-’80 1—3 D. J. Pierce.Mar., ’81-’82 1— 16. Washington Terr’y. Doug Gong (I 2 time Oregon), Chinese.Apr., ’78-’80 2—6 17. White River (See 11). Gi2 HISTORICAL TABLE. M .IN 11 IM; T<» T FIIKI TO K Y. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. WENT VIRtlIM.i. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 1. Buckhantion. Jonathan Smith . .Dec ,’66-’69 2—6 2. Charleston. J. B. Hardwick . .Aug.,’71-’72 1— SamT Frank Taylor.. .. .Apr., 1876 —3 T. C. Johnson. .Dec.,’77-’82 4—2 3. Clarksburg. Benj. Holden. .Apr., ’43-’45 2— F. J. Cather. Dec.,’65-’69 3— 4. Doddridge Co. (See 8 and 24). 6 . Grafton (See 21). Geo. Davidson. . .June,’66-’69 3— 6. Guyandotte & Hunting- * TON. A. M. Simms. . ,Mar., 1872 —9 7. Harrison Co. Benj . Holden . .Oct., ’38-’41 2—6 8. Harrison & Doddridge C os. F. J. A.shburn . ,Dec.,’64-’65 1— 9. Harrison k. Levhs Cos. Benj. Holden . .Apr.,’41-’43 2— 10. HaRRISONVILLE & SlSTER- VILLE. Philip A. Woods . .Apr.,’66-’68 2— 11. Huntington (See 6). 12. Jackson Co. Jabez Swiger . ,Mar.,T)6-’67 1— 13. Lewis Co. (See 9). 14. Marshall Co. J ob Rossell . .Apr.,’66-’67 1— 15. Middlebourne. Daniel Seek man . .Jan., 1864 1— Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 16. Morgantown. A. B. Pendletcn. 2— J. M. Purill ton. .Jan., ’67-’69 2—5 Le Itoy Stevens. .Aug.,’71-’72 1—2 17. North Fork (See 26). 18. Parkersbubg. Henry Miller, Gor. .June ’C7-’09 2—5 Theophilus Koerber, Ger.Apr..’70-’71 1— 19. Pleasants & Adj. Cos. Benj. M. Stout. .Mav, ’64-’05 1— 20. Ripley and Spencer. Jonathan Smith. .Dec., ’65-’66 1— 21. SiMP.soN, Webster & Graf- ton. Geo. Davidson. , June,’05-’06 1_ 22. SisTERViLLE (See 10). 23. Spencer (See 20). 24. Tyler k Doddridge Cos. F. J. Ashburn. .Dec., ’65-’66 1— 25. Webster (See 21). 26. West Union it No. Fork. Geo. W. Duff .. .Jan., ’65-’60 2— 27. WK.ST Virginia State). D. B. Purinton, General MLss. .Aiig.,’05-’67 2_ W. E. Powell Oa time) General Miss. .Jan.,’81-’82 1—3 28. Wheeling. Geo. Cvrus Sedwick..,. .Dec.,’36-’37 —4 R. H. Sedwick. .Dec.,’40-’41 —8 N. G. Collins. .Apr.,’45-’47 2—3 J. J. Babcock. . May. ’64-’65 1—1 J. W. Taggart . .Feb.,’66-’68 2— J. Rowley. Mar.,’69-’71 2— J B. Bristow. ..AIar.,’72-’7G 4— Thos. F. Clanev. . Jnly,'76-’79 3— J. B. Mulford. .June,’81-’82 —9 HISTORICAI. TABLE, 613 WISCONSIN. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 1. Apple Rivee (See 167.) 2. Appleton. Alex. Hamilton. .Dec.,'55-’60 6— D. H. Cooley. June,’61-’66 6— 3. Aegyle k Yoek Peaieie. AVm. Clack. .Dec.,’51-’52 1— 4, Augusta. Luther Humphrey. .Oct., ’65-’68 2—6 A. B. Green. ,Aug., ’68-’69 —6 6. Avon. Caleb Blood. .July, ’50-’52 2_ 6. Aztalan. W. J. Chapin. .Oct., ’51-’54 3— 7. Aztalan & Stony Beook. Alfred E. Green. .Feb., ’46-’47 1— 8. Bangoe. Enos M. Phillips. .July,’64-’65 1—3 AV. J. Chapin. .Jan.,’66-’68 2— 9. Baeaboo (See 141). Peter Conrad. .Oct., ’51-’52 1— A, A. Brown. .Nov.,’63-’65 1—3 E. B. Edmunds. .May, ’65-’66 1— Otto F. Zecker, Ger.... ..July,’75-’76 1— 10. Baek Rivee. Enoch P. Dye. . July, ’46-’47 1— 11. Baeton (See 199). 12. Beavee Dam. S. L. Pillsbury. .May, ’44-’47 2—6 N. E. Chapin. . June,'52-’55 3— 13. Belleville k Veeona. Moses Rowley. .Aug.,’65-’66 1 — 14. Beloit (See 71) Niles Kinne. .July, ’45-’47 2 — E. L. Harris. .Mar.,’51-’54 3— 15. Beelin. Merritt House. ..Apr.,’54-’55 1 — 16. Bied’s Coenees. Salmon Morton. .Dec., ’53-’54 1 — 17. Black Rivee Falls. Isaac Marvin. ..Feb., 1868 —5 Chas. C. Miller.. ..Nov.,’71-’72 —6 L. A. Catchpole. ..Oct., ’81-’82 —6 18. Black Rivee Falls and Meleose. Win H. Card. ..Nov.,’64-’65 —5 A. Plumley. .Jan,, 1866 1 — 19. Bloomfield (See 31). 20. Bluffton (See 39). 21. Boscobel (See 172). Enoch Prouty. ..Oct., ’71-’73 2—3 AV . M. Robinson. ..Oct., ’81-’82 —6 22. Beodhead. Geo. N. Annes. —6 23. Beown Co. (See 208). 24. Buelington. D. AA ". Hurlbutt. ..Sep., ’80-’82 1—6 25. Buelington and Seeing Peaieie. Wm. R. Manning. 1—9 Roswell Cheeney. 1 — 26. Caledonia (See 147). 27. Cascade (See 160). 28. Cassville. Geo. D. Stevens. —3 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Trs.M. 29. Centbal and Westekn Wisconsin. Evan S Thomas.Aug.,’68-’C9 1— 30. Centkal Wisconsin. AV. J. Ivermott.Oct., ’80-’81 1— 31. Chelsea k Bloomfield. John P. Parsons.Nov.,’48-’49 —6 32. Chilton & Stockbeidge. Simpson Todd. Dec., ’70-’72 2— 33. Chippewa Falls (See 46). 34. Clintonville (See 195). 35. Columbus (See 138). 36. Ckawfoed & Richland Cos. L. Ross . Nov.,’70-’71 1— 37. Daelington. Salmon Morton. .Oct.,’52-’63 1— 38. Daetfoed. DanT A Peck. Sep., ’50-’52 1—6 Lyman Hutchins. .Sep., ’53-’54 1— 39. Daetfoed & Blufftown. Lucius 0. Jones. .Oct., ’49-’60 —6 40. Dayton (See 150). 41. Delton. A. Snyder. .Aug.,’64-’65 —6 42. De Soto. Dennis Mulhern. .Aug.,’68-’69 1— 8. E. Sweet. .Oct., ’69-’70 1— 43. Eagle (See 65). 44. East Teoy. James Delaney. .Mar.,’46-’48 2— James Squire. .Aug.,’52-’53 1— 45. East Teoy k Palmyea. James Delaney. .Mar.,’45-’46 1— 46. Eau Claiee and Chippewa Falls. A. B Green. .May, ’61-’62 1—6 Alex. Hamilton. .Dec.,’63-’67 3—6 47. Edgeeton. James Buchanan. .Oct., ’71-’72 1— 48. Elkhoen. Thos. Bright. .Nov.,’52-’55 3— 49. Evansville. David T. Richards. ..Aug.,’68-’69 —9 J. Snashall. .Oct., ’69-’70 —7 J. B. Hutton. .June,’71-’73 2— 50. Exetee. AVm. Stillwill. .Mar.,’46-’47 1— 61. Exetee and Union. Wm. Stillwill. .Mar.,’47-’48 -11 52. Fond du Lac (See 193). Sam’] Cornelius, Jr... . .May,’51-’55 4— 53. Fond du Lac and Taychee- DAH. Wm. H. Card. ..Nov.,’47-’48 —6 54. Foet Howaed (See 61). Alex. Hamilton. ..Oct., ’68-’70 2_ J. G. Henshall. 2— 55. Genesee and Eagle. Alvah Burgess. ..May, ’45-’46 1— 66. Geneva. Peter Conrad. ..Dec., ’43-’44 1 — Joel W. Fish. 4-10 Caleb Blood. . .July, ’.52-’53 1 — J. D. Pulis. ..June,’72-’73 1— 0)14 HISTORICAL TABLE. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Trs.M. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 57. Grafton (See 131). 58. Grant Co, Jessie Miles. .Mar., 1847 —6 N. E. Chapin. . June,’50-’51 1—4 59. Grantsburg. N. J. Nylander, Swedes..Jan., ’81-’82 1 CO 60. Green Bay (See 201). Thos. ;M. Symonds. . June,’51-’52 1 — D. M. Wilcox. .July, ’56-’57 —9 Lewis Raymond. .Dec.,’72-’73 —4 €1. Green Bay and Fort Howard. Sullivan Adams. .July.’63-’67 3—8 62. Greed Bay & Neenah. James Andem. .July,’52-’54 2 — 63. Greenfield (See 103). Wm. R. Manning. .Mar.,’44-’45 1 — 64. Hartford. Seth C. Rice.. .Apr., ’65-’66 1 — 65. Horicon. James Delaney..-... Jan,, ’59-’61 2—3 66 . Horicon and Maywille. James Delaney.. .July, ’56-’58 2 — 67. Hudson. Sam’l T. Catlin.. .Mav, ’52 ’54 1-11 A. Gibson. .June.’54-’57 3— J. DeBois.. • Oct., ’57-’58 -10 Wm. F. Nelson. .Oct.,’59.’60 —7 Thos. E. Keely. .May, ’64-’68 4— 68 . loLA (See 121). 69. Janesville. Otis Hackett. ,Sep., ’47-’49 2 — 0. J. Dearborn. .Oct., ’50-’52 2 — 70. Janesville Asso. W. H. H, Eddy. .June,’71-’72 1 — 71. Janes\hlle and Beloit. Jeremiah Murphy. .Nov.,’42-’43 1 — 72. Janesville and Union. Jeremiah Murphy. .Nov ,’43-’44 1 — 73. Janesville and Waupun. Jeremiah Murphy.. .Feb., ’45-’46 1 — 74. Johnstown Centre. A. Knapp. . June,’54-’55 —9 75. Kekoskee. A. Transhell, Germans.., .Sep., ’73-’77 3—8 John Kohrs, “ .Sep., ’79-’81 1—6 76. Kenosha. John Hinton. .Mav. ’52-’.53 1 — John T. Westover. .May, ’o3-’55 2 — Thos. Brandt. .May,’55-’.57 2 — E (). Taylor.. .Mar.,’69-’70 --11 J. 11. Parmelee. .Dec., ’64-’65 —10 4 t . Kilbourn City. A. Snyder. .Mar.,’6.5-’66 —11 Geo. W. Freeman. .Oct., ’67-’()9 2 — Jas. S. Cox. .Jan., 1876 —4 F. S. Witter. .Feb., 1876 —8 78. La Crosse, Wm. 11. Card. .Nov.,’51-’52 1— A. A. Drow'ii. . Nov.,’66-’67 1— Marcus Hanson. Swedes .Nov.,’81-’82 —5 79. La Crosse Asso. (See 158). 80. La Crosse and Lewis Valley. Wm. H. Cai'd. ,Nov..’52-’.53 1— 81. Lake Mills. Harmon Ellis. ..Iune,’52-’53 1— 82. La Fayette Co. D. P. Phillips... 83. Lancaster. David Matlock.. E. M. Lewis. 84. Le Roy ( See 126). 85. Lewis Valley. (See 80). 86. Lincoln (See 1S2). Geo. P. Dissmore.Oct., ’65-’67 2— 87. Lodi. Jos. Bowman.Mar.,’53-’56 3— 88. Lone Rock (See 151). 89. Lowell. Sherburne Dearborn.July,’51-’57 6— 90. Madison. Hiram W. Read.Sep., ’47-’49 1—6 John Williams, (>^ time Iowa) .Oct.,’49-’50 1— S. S. Whitman.July, 1851 —6 M. D. Miller.Jan., ’53-’55 2-10 W. R. Brooks.Dec., ’56-’58 2 — Wm. Henry Brisbane-Ang.,’60-’61 1— Thos. Bright.Sep.,’75-’76 1- 91. Manchester. T. D. Grow.Oct., ’05-’66 1— 92. Manitowoc. Carl Kleppe. Germans.. .Oct., ’63-'66 3—3 Theo. Klinker, “ ,. .Jan.,’68-’70 3— 93. Marathon, Wood and Shawano Cos. Wm. Kroesch, Germans. July,’80-’81 1— 94. Marinette. A. C. Blackman . .Sep., ’80-’82 1-6 95. Mauston. W. J. ChaiDin . .Sep., ’59-’60 1— <( < i (( .Dec., ’64-’65 1 — Geo. W. Freeman . .Jan , 1866 1— E. L. Scofield. .Aug. ’68-’69 1— J. H. Bowker. .Apr., ’72-’73 1- 96. Mayville (See 66). Wm. Cornell . . June,’50-’52 2— 97. Mazo Manie. Moses Pickett. . .Mar.,’65-’67 2— Jos. Wassail . • Sep., ’69-’70 1— 98. Melrose ( See 18), 99. Menasha. B. J. Boynton . .July, 1862 —3 O. W. Babcock . Apr., ’68-’69 1— 100. Menasha and Neenah 0. W. Babcock . .Apr., ’67-’68 1— 101. Milwaukee. Richard Griffin . .Sep., ’36-’40 3—9 Peter Conrad . .Nov.,’42-’43 1 — Lewis Ravmoiid . .Apr., ’46-’48 2-6 Thos. S. Griffin . .Mar.,’50-’51 1— << 4 * ,Feb , ’52 ’58 1 — Theo. Albright, Germ’s.. .Nov..’57-’61 3—6 Theo. Klinker, '• . .Oct., ’03-’67 4— Thos. Brandt “ . ■ Aug., 1865 —3 Chas. Hieronvraus ‘ . . .•\l)r., 1869 —6 J. F. Hoeffiin, “ . .Mav,’71-’74 3—3 Lewis Wepf, “ Aug.,’74-’77 3—3 W. J. Kermott, North Mission.. .Oct., ’81-’82 —6 102. Milwaukee and Green¬ field. Peter Conrad. .Nov.,’41-’42 1— Sep.,’69-’70 1— Aug.,’52-’53 1—1 June,’54-’56 2— HISTORICAL TABLE. G15 Ji^elds and Missionaries. Date. I r5.3/. 103. Milwaukee Co. J. J. Valkeuaar, Holl’der.June, 1865 —3 J. A. ... V t - Caleb Blood.Nov.,’64-’65 —6 Benj, L. Brisbane.Nov.,’60-’61 3 105. Moreisonville (See 206). 107. Muckwanago. Alvah Burgess. Jan.,’42-45 3 Thos. Reese.Oct.,’50-’51 —6 W. A. Rupert.Oct.,’80-’81 1— 108. Neenah (See 62 & 100). L. Kundsen, Scand’s.... Jan., 1882 3 109. Newark. (See 129 & 161). Alex. Hamilton.Nov.,’51-’52 1— 110. Newark and Newburg. Alex. Hamilton.Nov.,’53-’54 1— 111. Newark and West Bend. Alex. Hamilton.Nov.,’52-’53 1— 112. Newburg (See 110). 113. New Cassel. Levi Fosdick. ,Jan., 1870 1— 114. New London (See 192). Evan S. Thomas. ,Nov.,’65-’67 1—9 115. New Richmond (See 187). A. Oibson. Oct., ’72-’73 1— 116. New Richmond and Warren. H. W. Stearns. Apr., 1881 —6 117. North Freedom. Otto F. Zeckser, Germ’s. .Julv,’76-’77 1— H.J. Miller “ . .May,’78-’80 2— 118. Oak Creek. Jonathan Blake.. .Oct., ’41-’42 1— 119. 120. Oak Ridge (See 150). OCONOMOWOC. 0. D. Taylor. .Dec., ’67-’68 —3 E. B. Edmunds. .Aue.,’68-’69 —8 Alvah Whitman. .Sep., ’69-’70 —6 H. W. Brown. .May, 1870 —5 Edward Ellis. .Mar., 1872 —9 C. J. Westergaard. .Oct., ’66-’69 3— E. S. Sunth, Scand’ns... .Oct., •80-’82 1—6 121. Ogdensburg and Iola. E. W. Green. .May, ’66-’67 1— 122. Ogema. N. F. Norlin, Swedes... .Jan., ’81-’82 1—3 123. Omro (See 128). Evan S. Thomas. . June,’54-’55 1— << (( ,Aug., ’69-’70 1— 124, , Ontario. Wm. F. Phillips. .Oct., ’71-’74 2—9 125. Osceola Mills. Sam’l T. Catlin. .May, ’64-’65 1— ( ( <( (< .Apr., ’66-’67 1— 126. Osceola Mills & Le Roy. Sam’l T. Catlin. .Dec., ’58-’61 3— 127. Oshkosh. Peter Princk. .Dec.,’49-’50 1— E. C. Saunders. . June,’54-’56 2— Abner Lull. .Jan.,’57-’59 2—6 Isaac J. Hoile. .Apr., ’60-’(>l 1— J. H. Morrison. .Sep., ’61-’63 2—3 W. W. Whitcomb. .Oct., ’64-’67 2—9 Thos. Holman. .Dec.,’66-’68 2— Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 128. O.SHKOSn AND Omro. Wm. McKee . June,’52- 53 1— 129. OxroRDViLLE & Newark. G. W. Lincoln. .Jan., 1882 —3 130. Ozaukee. Dennis Mulhern. May, ’50-’54 4— 131. Ozaukee and Grafton. Jas. Delaney. May. ’49-’50 1— 132. Packwaukee. Jesse M. Thurston. Aug.,’53-’54 1— 133. Palmyra (See 45). 134. Plattsville. Wm. H. Batson. .Apr,, 1870 —4 135. Pleasant Prairie. Wm. Brand. July, ’46-’47 1— 136. Pleasant Prairie & Salem. Wm. Brand. .Apr.,’48’49 1— 137. Portage City. J. B. Rogers. .Aug.,’55-’58 3—2 Sam’l Cornelius, Jr.... .Jan., 1859 1— Edward Ellis . .Jan., 1870 —3 John W. Wildman. .Oct., 1870 —3 138. Portage City & Colum- bus. D. D. Reed. .Dec.,’52-’54 o_ 139. Prairie du Chien. Albert D. Low. .June,’54-’55 —9 J. P. Agenbroad. .Apr.,’58-’59 1—1 140. Prairie du Sac. Peter Conrad. .Aug.,’46-’47 1— 141. Prairie du Sac & Bara - BOO. Peter Conrad. .Aug.,’47-’51 4— 142. PRAIRIEVILLE. Absalom Miner, Jr. .Nov.,’42-’45 3— 143. Prescott. E. W. Cressy. • Oct., ’53-’54 1— T. B. Rogers {}4 time Minn.). .Nov.,’54 ’57 3— 144. Racine. Silas Tucker. .July,’45-’48 2-10 Wm. Rollinson. .Dec,, ’49-’50 1 — Ernest Tschirch, Ger.. .Jam.’.'iS-’ei 4—9 Fred Maier, Ger. ..Oct., ’65-’66 —9 J. Haselhuhn, Ger. .June, 1875 —1 John Wilkens, “ - .Oct., ’67-’76 8— P. H. Dam, Scand’ns,. . June,’64-’67 3— 145. Racine Co. Edward Matthews. ..June,’38-’40 2—5 Lars Pederson, Danes. .Apr.,’06-’67 1— 146. Raymond. Abner Lull. ..Jan., 1847 —6 Thos. Reese . .Apr.,’51-’.52 1—6 Wm. McKee. 1 — Lewis Yorgenson, DanesMay, ’63-’64 1 — Lars Pederson, Danes. . .Apr.,’67-’68 1— 147. Raymond & Caledonia. Wm. McKee. ..Sep.,’53-’54 1— 148. Red Cedar. Evan Thompson. ..Oct., ’63-’64 1— 149. Richland Centre, Dennis Mulhern. ..Apr., 1860 —6 2— G. D. Stevens. ..Oct..’71-’73 2— E. J. Stevens. -11 W. S. Sweet. ..Oct., ’80-’81 1— 61G HISTORICAL TABLE. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 160. Richland Centre, Day- ton k Oak Ridge. G. D. Stevens. .Oct.,’73-’74 —9 151. Ricelland Centre & Lone Rock. W. C. Wright. .Jan., 1866 1— 152. Richland Co. (See 36). 153. Ripon. C. T. Tucker. .Aug.,'66-’68 2— 154. River Falls (See 187). A. Gibson. . June,’67-’61 3-11 < < < < .Jan., 1867 1— 155. Rochester. Jas. M. Stickney. .July,’46-’46 1— 156. St. Croix Falls. SamT T. Catlin. .Oct.,’54-’65 —9 167. St. Croix Valley. John Ring, Scand’ns... .Oct., ’70-’72 2— 158. St. Croix V.alley k La Crosse Asso’s. A. B. Green.. .May, ’70-’74 4— 159. Salem (See 136). Wni. Brand .. .July,’45-’46 1— Wm. H. Card. .Apr.,’60-’61 1— 160. Scott and Cascade. Jos. L. Irwin. .Dec., ’51-’63 2— 161. Scott and Newark. Jos, L. Irwin. .Dec.,’60-’61 1— 162. Shawano Co. (See 93). 163. Sheboygan. Perly Work. .Sep., ’50-’56 6-11 Simpson Todd. Dec., ’68-’69 1— A. H. P. Wilson. .Nov.,’80-’82 1—5 164. Sheboygan Co. John Bruce.. . Aug.,’54-’56 2—2 165. Sheboygan Falls (See 166). Abner Lull. .Sep., ’47-’55 8— Simpson Todd. .Dec.,’69-’70 —6 166. Sheboygan k Sheboygan Falls. Simpson Todd. .Mar.,’67-’68 -10 167. Shcllsburg & Apple River. John P. Parsons. .Nov..’47-’48 1— 168. Sister Bay. Chas. Wassell, Swedes.. .Jan., 1882 —3 169. Southwestern Wisconsin. W. J. Kermott. Jan., ’79-’80 1—9 170. Spencer. N. L. Sweet. .July,’81-’82 —9 171. Spring Green. Enos Prouty. Oct., ’69-’70 1— 172. Spring Green & Bosco- BEL. Enos Prouty. . Oct., ’70-!71 1— 173. Spring Prairie (See 25). 174. Stanton. Harmon Ellis. ,June,’59-’60 1— 175. Stevens Point. D. H. (’ooley. ,June,’58-’61 3— D. P. Phillips. Jan., ’71-’72 2— 176. Stockbridge (See 32). 177. Stony Brook (See 7). 178. Superior City. A. W. Peck. Oct., ’58-’61 2—9 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 179. Tafton. Fred G. Thearle. .Apr., ■64-’65 1— E. B. Law. . June,’65-’67 2— 180. Taycheedah (See 53). W. H. Card. .Nov.,’46-’47 1 — QC Tomah. T. B. Grow. .Oct., ’66-’67 1 — 182. Tomah and Lincoln. T. B. Grow. .Oct., ’67-’68 —9 183. Trempealeau. Jas. Squire. .Sep., ’64-’67 3— 184. Union (See 51 & 72). Jas. Delaney. .Sep., ’44-'45 —6 185. Utica. Platt Betts. .Aug.,’53-’54 —9 186. Verona (See 13). 187. Warren, New Richmond k River Falls. H. W. Stearns.. .Oct.,’81-’82 —6 188. Waterloo. J. L. McCloud. .Aug.,’68-’69 —8 189. Watertown. Enos M. Phillips. .Oct., ’49-'61 1—9 D. E. Bowen. May, ’52-’54 2— J. B. Patch.. .Apr , ’69-’60 1— J. J. Mclntire. .May, ’60-’62 2— 190. Waubeck. Wm. Sturgeon. Sep., ’68-’62 3—4 191. Waupaca. David .4. Peck.. .May, ’54-’66 2— 192. Waupaca & New London. Walter Levisee. .Mar.,’60-’61 1— 193. Waupaca. Waushara- k Fond-du-Lac. R. Hausen, Scand’ns _ ,Sep.,, 68-’7U 2— 194. Waupun (See 73). Jeremiah Murphy . .Jan., 1847 1— H. S. Fish . Jan., 1867 —9 Alvah Whitman . .Oct., ’71-’73 2— 196. Wausau & Clintonville. Wm. Kruesch, Ger . .July,’81-’82 —9 196. Waushara (See 193). Anthony Case .. .Oct., ’52-’54 2— 197. Welsh Grove. Rich’d L. Jones . • Oct., ’47-’48 1— 198. West Bend (See 111). W. L. Cook . ,June,’81-’82 —7 199. We.st Bend & Barton. Alex. Hamilton . ,Nov., ’54-’55 1— 200. West Eau Claire. John Y. .\tchison .. .Sep.,’69-’70 1— A. A. Drown . Jan., 1871 1— D. C. .-Vdams . Apr.,’72-’73 -11 201. WE.ST Depere k Green B.\y. L. G. Carr . Dec.,’80-’82 1—4 202. Western Wisconsin (See !29). Wm/stillwill . Dec., ’44-’45 -10 Wm. Cornell . Juue,’49-’50 1— C. J. Westergaard, Danes and Norwegians. Jan., 1873 —6 203. Weyauwega. Wm. McKee. Nov.,’56-’57 1— David A. Peck. Nov.,’59-’60 1— R. H. Colby. .\ug.,’62-’67 6— HISTORICAL TABLE. 617 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 204. Whitewater. A. B. Winchell. Dec.,’43-’44 —6 Hiram W. Read. Mar., 1847 —6 John Sharp . Nov.,’49-’.50 1— G. W. Freeman. Jan., 1852 1— C. A. Hewett.. .July,’53-’54 1— C. M. Fuller. .July, 1858 —6 A. B. Green. Nov.,’65-’67 2— Jas. Delaney. Jan., ’70-’72 3— 205. Willow River Valley. T. B. Rogers. May, ’60-’62 2— 206. Windsor & Morrison- VILLE. W. J. Chapin. .Aug.,’71-’72 —9 207. Winnebago Asso. Evan S. Thomas. .July,’78-’79 1— 208. Winnebago & Brown Cos. P, H. Dam, Scand’ns... . June,’63-’64 1— 209. WlOTA. John P. Parsons. .Nov.,’45-’46 1- 210. WiOTA k York Prairie. John P. Parsons. .Nov.,’46-’47 1— 211. Wisconsin (State). Henry Bromley. .Oct., 1846 —3 Absalom Miner, Jr. (Yz time Iowa). .June,’46-’48 1—6 Fie'ds and 3Iissio7iaries. Date. Yrs.M. Absalom Miner, Jr., Exp. Agt.Jiine,’48-’49 —7 Jas. Delaney, Exp. Agt.. .Apr.,’50-’56 5-10 Watson Clarke (>3 time Iowa). Sep.,’52-'53 —G Joel W, Fish, Gen. Miss..Dec., ’53-’65 2— “ “ “ “ “ ..Mar.,’67-’74 7—7 C. M. Fnller, Exp. Agt. .Jan., ’59-T)2 1-10 Peter Conrad.May,’64-T)7 2 —6 Thos. Bright, Evangelist.Nov.,’65-T)7 1—5 “ “ “ Jnne,’72-’74 2— H. W. Brown, “ Oct., ’70-’71 —7 A. R. Medbury, General Missionary.Oct., ’80-’82 1—0 C. J. Westergaard, Danes and Norwegian.Oct., T)9-’71 2— John Eschmann, Ger... July,’54-’55 1 —6 J. F. Dohrmann, “ (14 time Minn.) .Apr., 1867 —3 Jas. Jeffreys, Welsh.Aug.,’64-’67 3— 212. Wood Co. (See 93), 213. Wood Rivek. N.J.Nylander.Jan., 1880 1— 214. York Prairie (See 3 & 210 ). 215. Yorkville. Abner Lull.Jan., 1846 1— Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 1. Cheyenne (See 4). A. B. Banks.Jan., 1881 1— 2. Evanston. Sewall Brown (% time Utah).Oct.,-71-’72 —9 J. W. Hough.Nov.,’74-’75 -11 Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. 3. Laramie. D. J. Pierce.July,’70-’73 2-10 H. W. Thiele.July, ’74-’76 2— 4. Laramie & Cheyenne. D. J. Pierce.Sep.,’77-’78 1— MISCELLANEOUS. Fields and Missionaines. Date. Yrs.M. 1, New England. Narcisse Cyr, French, Gen’l. Miss. .Jan.,’70-’73 3— Jude Chabot. .July, 1871 —3 J. N. Williams. French, Gen’l Miss.. , .Mar.,’73-'82 9— 2, Massachusetts & Con¬ necticut. J. V. Ambler... .Apr., ’60-’62 2—7 3. Western States. John Lansing Burrows. .Apr.,’36-’37 1— 4. Kansas, Colorado, Wyom¬ ing Ter. and New Mexico. Jas French, Gen’lMiss...Aug.,’79-’80 1— 5. Dakota & Minnesota, along N. P. R. R. G. W. Huntley.June, 1881 —6 6 . North Pacific Coast, Org., W. T , Id. & B. C. A. J. Hunsaker, GenT Miss.Oct.,’80-’82 1—6 Olaus Okerson, Scand’ns.. Apr,. ’81-’82 1— Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.3I. 7. North West (Upper Mis¬ sissippi States). C. Silene, Scand’ns, Gen’l Miss.Nov.,’80-’82 1—3 8. Southern States. H. A. Wilcox, Gen’l Miss.Nov., ’40-’41 —4 Edward Lathrop, Spec. Services.Jan., 1866 —6 S. W. Marston, Supt. Miss, to Freedmen... .Feb., ’79-’81 2— 9. Southwestern States. Reuben Winchell.Nov.,’41-’42 —6 10. MD..North’n Va., North’n West Va. and Dist. OF Col. W. B. Johnson, Col. Peo. May, ’81-’82 —9 11. East German Conference. G. A. Schulte, Gen’lMiss. May, ’70-’72 2—3 E. J. Deckman, “ “ Jan., 1874 —9 Henry Trumpp “ “ Dec.,’75-’76 1— 12. West German Conference. A. Rauschenbush, Expl. Agent.July, 1863 —3 618 HISTORICAL TABLE. Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M. A. Raiischenbush, Expl. Ageut.J\ine, 1866 —4 J. C. Haselhuhn.G’lMis.Jan., ’72-’74 2-11 ' Fields and Missionaries. Date. Yrs.M, Freecliiioii Eilucational AVork. 13. Southern States. J. W.Parker,Spec. Serv..Feb., 1864 —5 JMarsena Stone, Minis¬ terial lust’s.Oct., ’73-’76 3— S. W. Marston, Biblical Institutes in So. 'NVest .Feb., 1881 —6 COLL.ECTIXG AGENTS. Fields and Agents. Date. Yrs.M. 1 . 2 . 3. 4. 6 . 6 . 7. 8 . 9. 10 . 11 . General Collecting Agents. JohnPeck.Nov.,’39-’49 9— C. M. Fuller.Apr., ’43-’58 14-10 Cbas. Morton.May,’46-’50 4—1 “ “ .Jan., 58-’61 3—3 Jas. S. Ladd.July,’51-’62 10-11 Isaac Butterfield.Oct.,’52-’53 —4 Jas. French.Aug.,’65-’68 2—7 Fred Ketcham, for Church Edifice Fund. .July, 1853 Isaac D. Newell, for Church Edifice Fund. .Sep., 1854 J. H. Walden, for Church Edifice Fund.Jan., 1855 Sidney Dyer, for Church Edifice Fund .May, 1857 New England. Ezra Going.iMar.,’33-’34 Sam’l Cooke.Apr., 1838 H. G. Weston.Oct., 18.50 J. W. Parkhurst.Apr.,’60-’62 New England and South¬ ern States. Otis Briggs.May,’38-’40 Canada. Elon Galusha.June, 1852 Maine. New Hampshire AND Vermont. JirahD.Cole.Maj’, 1843 Oren Tracy.Oct., ’50-’56 “ “ .Apr., 1860 New Hampshire and Ver¬ mont. Simon Fletcher.Sep., ’42-’43 Oren Tracy.Apr.,’56-’60 Massachusetts. Massachusetts and Con¬ necticut. John E. Risley.July, 1842 Connecticut & Vermont, Reuben Winchell.Nov.,’40-’41 Connecticut and Rhode Island. A E Denison.Apr.,’57-’59 Connecticut and Pennsyl¬ vania. Gilbert S. Bailey.Jan., 1851 Date. Yrs.M. 12 . Fields and Agents. New York. Alonzo Wheelock.May, ’49-’50 Joshua Fletcher.Apr.,’50-’51 “ “ .Apr.,'.56-’.57 “ ” .Apr., '65-’66 Chas. A. Fox.Oct.,’51-’.53 C. A. Clark .Oct., ’52-’54 Hezekiah West.Sep.,’57-’58 Chas. Randall.Apr., ’57-’60 1—5 -10 -11 —9 1—3 —9 3— —3 a it .May, ’65-’66 —9 S, B. Gregory. Sep., ’74-’76 —8 —4 13. Central New York. C. A. Clark. Apr.,’54-’56 2 — —3 Chas. Randall. Apr., ’60-’62 2—6 14. Western New York. —3 Chas. E. Brown. Dec.,’44-’45 —3 David Searl. .Jan.,’48-’52 4-10 1—9 Henrv Davis. Jan., ’61-’53 1—9 —1 Wm. Sawyer. Apr., ’53-’67 3—8 —1 15. New York and Massachu 2—1 SETTS. Stephen Jones. June, 1847 —1 16. New York & New Jersey. 2 — Chas. Morton. .May, ’44-’46 2 _ 17. New Jersey and Pennsyl —1 VANIA. J. G. Collom. Apr,,’53-’57 3—6 Joshua E. Rue. Apr./.55-’56 -11 O A. J. Hires. Apr., ’67-’62 4-11 5—2 18. New Jersey to Virginia, 2- 7 E. B. Hall. June, 1842 —4 19. Western Pennsylvania. Joshua E. Rue. Apr., ’54-’55 1 — —4 20 . Southern States. 4 John Bloggett. .Feb., 1835 —6 H. A. Wilcox. Apr.,’36-’37 1 — 10—8 Otis Briggs. May, ’40-’43 2—5 21 . Virginia. 1 T. P. Ropes. .Sep., ’44-’45 —8 22. V’’lRGINIA AND NORTH CaRO- 1— LINA. Hiram A. Wilcox . Sep., 1837 -2 23. South Carolina and Geor 2—9 GIA Jas. Huckins . Nov., ’38-’40 2— 24. Ohio. -5 Allen Darrow. .Oct.,’53-’56 3— niSTRICT SECRETARIES. Fields and Secretaries. Date. Yrs.M. Fields and Secretaries. 1. New England. J, W. Parker A. P. Mason. Apr., 65-’66 1—3 Oct., ’66-’82 15—6 2. Massachusetts. Sam’l B. Swaim M. G. Hodge... Dat'\ Yrs.M, Jan., 1863 6 Feb.,’63-’65 2— HISTORICAL TABLE. 619 Fields and Secretaries. Date. Yrs.M. 3. New York & Northern & New Jersey. C. P. Slieldon.Nov.,’75-’82 6—3 4. New Jersey & Pennsylvania. W.R. McNeil.June, 186G —7 5. N. J., Penn. & Delaware. Thos. Swaim.May, ’68-’72 4— 6. N. J., Penn, k, Del., D. C. & Maryland. Thos. Swaim.May,’74-’75 1—6 N. J., Penn.,Del., D. C., Md, West Va. Thos. Swaim... .Nov.,’7.'j-’7R —5 8. Southern N. J., Penn., Del.,D.C., Md. & W. Va. Thos. Swaim.May, ’76-’82 5—9 9. New Jersey & Delaware. Henry V. Jones.Jan., 72-’74 2—3 10. Pennsylvania. Andrew Pollard.Aug., 1867 —3 11. Pennsylvania & West Va. D. B. Purinton.Dec.,’62-’65 2—8 12. Pennsylvania, Maryland k District of Columbia. Thos. Swaim.May,’72-’74 2— 13. Michigan & Indiana. A. E. Mather.Oct., ’74-’76 1— Fields and Secretaries. Date. Yrs.M. 14. Ohio. O.B. Stone..'.Aug., 1864 —3 15. Ohio & West Virginia. J. W. Osborn.Jan., 1868 —1 S. B. Page.Sep.,’70-’75 5— 16. Ohio k IVIichigan. O. B. Stone.Nov., 64-’65 —5 17. Ohio, Michigan k Indiana. S. B. Page.Sep., ’75-’80 4—5 Jas. Cooper.Eeb., ’80-’82 2— 18. Illinois, Wisconsin, Min¬ nesota & Iowa. Will. M. Haigh.Dec., ’77-’79 2— 19. Illinois, Wi.sconsin, Min¬ nesota , Iowa, Nebraska k Dakota. Wm. M. Haigh. ....Dec.,’79--82 2—1 20. Kansas & Missouri. Elihu Gunn. ....Nov.,’74-’77 2-6 21. Nebraska k Dakota. J. N. Webb. ....Feb., 75-’79 4— 22, Western States. J. B. Olcott. ....July, ’62-’64 2_ 23. Trans-Mississippi. Janies French. ....Apr.,’77-’79 2—a 24. South West (So. III., Mo., Ark. & Tex.) S. W. Marston. ...Aug., ’81-’82 —8. SUMMARY. No. of Fields. Years. Months. Alabama. 19 23 7 Arizona. 2 3 3 Arkansas.. 24 40 9 California. 58 130 9 Canada . 89 187 6 Colorado. 26 73 — Connecticut. 5 17 8 Dakota. 47 71 9 Delaware . 12 54 — Dist. of Columbia 4 58 7 Florida. 13 37 11 Georgia. 29 80 8 Idaho. 4 8 7 Illinois. 290 591 5 Indiana . 150 349 6 Indian Ter. 31 123 5 Iowa . 226 493 4 Kansas. 200 316 1 Kentucky. 17 34 1 Louisiana. 6 46 4 Maine. 4 9 11 Maryland. 24 29 — Massachusetts. ... 4 21 4 Mexico. 4 10 7 Michigan. 173' 356 11 Minnesota. 232 491 11 Mississippi. 23 36 1 Missouri. 123 228 1 Montana. 2 3 6 Nebraska. 186 273 1 No. of Fields. Years. Months Nevada. 3 9 7 New Granada. 1 3 6 New Hampshire. .. 5 7 New Jersey. 11 11 3 New Mexico. 8 62 6 New York. 122 267 4 North Carolina.. 47 88 3 Ohio. 79 166 4 Oregon. 33 76 7 Pennsylvania. 32 91 3 South Carolina. .. 34 76 5 Tennesee. 43 138 10 Texas. 33 25 9 Utah. 2 2 — Vermont. 8 13 0 Virginia . 113 204 9 Washington. 17 19 9 West Virginia. 28 61 6 Wisconsin. 215 505 8 Wyoming. 4 8 6 Miscellaneous. ... 13 36 7 Total Missionary AND Educational 2,878* 6,079 1 Collecting Agents 24 128 7 Dist. Secretaries.. . 24 73 8 Grand Total. 2,926 6,281 4 * The regular preaching stations supplied by the laborers in these fields number about 10,000. I I K / I f I I \ / r i / I 0 J \ I > * , % \ r'. s 1 'V*;- •' W'V ■ 1 ^ ^ ►. ^ ■»' ’ **# V ,.•• 'J.., ' . J ►'*> •■'i’ ■ '» ■ t. %• ■ - - •/' • its . J.Y - r?n }“ ■ LW' ■ *J Z. V ■■ , Cfiu- <•- ,. • ,-' ■ .V - -•; A. - ' • ■ . .''I'-v».'% ).■*; . ><8in;yj);if|^'> ' , ' ‘ r ‘•- Vi.y'4« _..'iW¥^lSBttf''■ i; .- A*' <■ r-'\' ' ^v'y ■ ‘'A- . 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