LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAICN IN MEMORY OF STEWART S. HOWE JOURNALISM CLASS OF 1928 STEWART S HOWE FOUNDATION The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN AUG 7 195 JUL 151 V RETrJg iOfr R EMOTE 3TQRAft E % J L161— O-1096 ILLINOIS NEWSPAPER DIRECTORY HISTORY of ILLINOIS PRESS ASSOCIATION DiJn ated at the OPENING OF THE HALL OF FAME at the UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS Under the zAuspit et of the ILLINOIS PRESS ASSOCIATION at its SIXTY-FIFTH ANNUAL CONVENTION CHAMPAIGX-URBANA OCTOBER, 1930 Copyright. 1954 by H. L. WILLIAMSON, Semlary, lliinon Prwi /iu«r H. L. Williamson Secretary, Illinois Press Association ____ ______ Bo e iiQTACKS effiefc- History % Hiram L. Williamson ■ isshted l>) Joseph M. Page, Jerseyville Thomas Ri 1 s. (DeceaM-J i Springfield M. F. Walsh, Harvard Charles M. Tinney, Springfield Charles Bradshaw, Carrollton T. B. Shoai i . (Deceased) Shelbyville Fred L. Alles, Los Angeles Z. A. Landers, Oregon Charles W. Bliss, HilUboro James Cowley, Dec. Free port Horace Crihi ield. Atlanta Edward GriMM, Sr. Galena A. L. Bowen, Springfield Cadet Taylor. (Decc Pomona, Cal. Proe. Lawrence W. Murphy Urbana Joreword. . . . he portrayal of those living figures whose activities will merit memorials to them is an important essential in preparing this history of the press of our state and of the Illinois Press Association. The historian makes record of men and events in the past; the living journalist deals with history in the making. Those editors of history are judged by the im- press they make on their times; just as those of the now will be gauged. We are proud of the influence of our jour- nalism ancestors and their good works. By the same token we hopefully trust posterity may look upon our labors as having been worth while. Illinois has a record that is glorious. To this achieve- ment the press has contributed in full measure. It has kept step with every forward activity. Its leaders have been i" the front lines of every epochal struggle. Just recognition and appraisal of these characters is the object sought by the compilers. The Illinois Press Association has been, through its sixty-eight years of continuous organization, and still is, a potent factor in co-ordinating these ivorks. Its en- deavours and those of its members are so interivoven that their histories must be written together, and the Press of Illinois is greatly obligated to our Secretary, H. L. Williamson, for this History. In this light this labor of love is undertaken. John H. Harrison, March 2, 1930 The Commercial News, Danville. III. ^Preft ace. uring the four years which have elapsed since work began on this History and Directory of the Illinois Press Association, I have incurred many editorial debts that should be properly acknowledged in this work, but this would be most difficult to do, owing to space limitations. I shall instead merely offer my deep gratification to all those Illinois editors who have aided me so materially and morally in the compilation of this volume. I had three thoughts in mind when I undertook the gathering of the mass of data and materials necessary to make such a project possible: first, to publish a book that all of yon will be proud to own and give a prominent place in your library; second, to put in permanent form the complete activities of the Illinois Press Association, stressing, in particular, the tenacity and true fighting spirit with which our predecessors undertook the estab- lishment of the Fourth Estate in Illinois; and third, to compile a complete directory of Illinois newspapers that uill prove an invaluable aid to our present generation and an inspiration to those that follow. In the History of the Association 1 have endeavored to show that the evolution of the Press in Illinois was very slow and uncertain at first, but today the organi- zation, the fruit of this evolution, is permanent — a fraternity of strength — and the foundation and keeper of the gate of free government. H. L. Williamson, Secretary, Ulmois Press Association ILLINOIS PRESS ASSOCIATION OFFICERS C. R. Denson President G. C. Terry Third Vice-Preside J. P. Beckman First Vice-President (Deceased) H. L. Williamson Secretary EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE S. P. Preston "* a- * Oliver White, of the then Stark County News (Toulon), and myself were the prime movers in the organization, or rather action to that end, but neither of us ever coveted a chromo for the efforts put forth in that direction. My notion was organized effort on the part of the editors of the State for self- protection in matters pertaining to libel suits; protection for the people against secret confiscation of their property under the forms of law, and incidentally the better protection of the exchequers of the much-abused and poorly-paid editors. It was my pleasure to be a member of the first committee to arrange a just scale of rates for advertising and job work, more particularly advertising, and I know of many editors whose profits were largely increased thereby. I didn't want to talk about these things in a general address and that was one of my reasons for declining to deliver the annual address, but there were others, such for instance as a possible trip to Washington and New York, which stood in the way and may even prevent me from attending the session at Peoria. Yet bear in mind you will have my good wishes in any event, and my services for work if needed. February 6, 1890. J. W. Bailey." As has been noted the chief business of the first year was preparing the way for the all-state convention. That this work was successful is attested by the fact that between fifty and one hundred editors attended the Peoria meeting in February 1866. The estimate on attendance is that of men who were there, some of whom placed the number near fifty and some of whom placed it near one hundred. It is probable that the presence of guests and representatives of commercial houses occasioned the difference •In 1820 cher e were hut ! pjpers in the si 1 dj! lies 1; .ir ■ 1 in 1850 1 07 papers (includes 95 old . ind d.nli ■ join ■nilism but -'«. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History in estimates and that the number of bona fide editors was closer to fifty than to one hundred. The secretary estimated about eighty representatives of newspapers at the sessions. The story of the first general meeting is ably told in the minutes kept by A. N. Ford of the Lacon Gazette who served as temporary secretary. They deserve to be written into the record and are here presented in full as they give formal expression to matters on which understanding and agreement were reached in the preceding year Putting 1865 On Record FIRST ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ILLINOIS PRESS ASSOCIATION, Peoria, 111., By A. N. Ford, Feb. 22-23, 1866. "Pursuant to a call widely published throughout the State, the editorial .\nii pub- lishing fraternity of Illinois met in convention at Peoria on Thursday last, the 22d inst., for the purpose of discussing and regulating certain matters of general interest to the craft, and establishing a better intimacy and fellowship. The attendance was quite full, about eighty of the daily and weekly newspapers of the State being represented by one or more delegates. Ex-members of the press, and editors from other states, were also admitted to seats, by which the body was even more swollen. "Upon motion of the convention Hon. John W. Merritt, editor of the State Register, Springfield, was chosen temporary chairman, and A. N. Ford, Esq., of the Lacon Gazette, temporary secretary. "On motion the Chair appointed Messrs. Dowdall, Flynn, Wilson. Emery and Tyndall a committee on permanent organization, with instructions to report during the session. "With a view to giving all parties present an opportunity of participating in the proceedings, if desired, it was moved and agreed that no member should occupy the floor for a longer period than ten minutes. Pursuant to report of committee on permanent organization, the following gentle- men were unanimously chosen permanent officers of the convention: President, Hon. J. W. Merritt, of the State Register; Vice President, A. N. Ford, Esq., of the Lacon Gazette; Secretaries, Oliver White, of the Stark County News; Louis V. Taft, of the Salem Advocate; and E. H. Griggs, of the Rock River Register. "On motion the Chair appointed Messrs. Bailey, of the Princeton Republican; Jones, of the State Journal; Bush, of the Pike County Democrat; Crandall, of the Champaign Union; Shoaff, of the Decatur Magnet, a committee to prepare and report an order of business. "On motion, for the information and guidance of the body, the proceedings of the Ohio Editorial Convention for 1865 were read by the Secretary. The following report was submitted by the committee on Order of Business, and unanimously adopted, viz.: "To the Editorial Convention in session in Peoria: "The committee to whom was referred the preparation of an order of business for this convention, would respectfully report that they deem the following to be proper subjects for action and discussion, to-wit: 1. Rates of subscription to weekly papers. 2. Advertising, legal and general. 3. Paper monopoly. 13 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History 4. Gratuitous advertising. 5. Memorializing the Legislature for the publication of all general laws in county papers. 6. Foreign advertising and advertising agencies. 7. The propriety of the formation of a Press Association, to meet annually. "And would recommend that there be appointed, by the President of this con- vention, a committee upon each of said subjects. — John W. Bailey, J. R. Flynn, D. S. Crandall, J. W. Bush, James Shoaff. "After the adoption of which report in compliance with the recommendation of the same, the following committees were appointed by the Chair, viz.: "Foreign Advertising — Mr. Sellers, Tazewell Republican; Mr. Bush, Pike County Democrat; Mr. McClelland, Galesburg Press. "Forming Press Association — Mr. Rounseville, Peoria National Democrat; Mr. Fisk, El Paso Patriot; Mr. Burnham, Bloomington Pantagraph. "Rates of Subscription — Mr. Shoaff, Decatur Magnet; Mr. Hampton, Macomb Journal; Mr. Smith, Jacksonville Journal. "Advertising — Mr. Langdon, Quincy Herald; Mr. Bailey, Bureau Republican; Mr. Hobbs, Geneseo Republic. "Paper Monopoly. — Mr. Wilson, Chicago Journtl; Mr. Dowdall, Peoria National Democrat; Mr. Fletcher, Centralia Sentinel. "Gratuitous Advertising — Mr. Whittaker, Macomb Eagle; Mr. Flynn, Centralia Sentinel. "Memorial to the Legislature — Mr. Smith, Princeton Patriot; Mr. Perkins, Ottawa Republican; Mr. Patterson, Oquawka Spectator. "This constituted all the business of importance of the first day, after the disposal of which the convention adjourned to the next morning. "Convention assembled at ten o'clock a.m. the next day, pursuant to adjournment. "The committee on Gratuitous Advertising submitted the following report: "Gentlemen of the Convention: "Your committee, appointed on Gratuitous Advertising, have had the subject under careful consideration, and beg leave respectfully to submit to the consideration of the Editorial Convention the following: "For publication of all premium lists of fairs. State and County; reports of Boards of Supervisors; reports of City Councils; proceedings of Teachers' Institutes, and for the publication of obituary and marriage notices your committee are of the opinion that a charge equal to that required for regular advertising should in all cases be exacted. — Chas. H. Whittaker, Chairman. "The report was adooted after being amended to the effect that the reports of school superintendents, all complimentary resolutions lauding some individuals, and those gotten up on special occasions (be included). "The committee for fixing the rates of subscription to weekly papers reported in fixing the rate at S2.00 a year in advance. Mr. Trench moved to amend by substi- tuting $2.50 instead of $2.00. The amendment was lost. The report was received and adopted. "The following report on the organization of a permanent Press Association, was submitted and adopted as follows: "The committee to whom was referred the matter of a permanent organization have had the subject under consideration and would respectfully report that, in their opinion, the interest and prosperity of the printing fraternity would be greatly enhanced Illinois \'i w si>ai»i r Directory and History by an organization of the kind indicated, and as a means of producing that end, we would recommend the adoption of the following Constitution, and the action required under it. "ARTICLE I. This organization shall be known as the ILLINOIS PRESS ASSOCIATION. "ART. II. The objects of the Association shall be the promotion of the interests of editors and publishers and the cultivation of good feeling in the fraternity. "ART. III. Its officers shall be a President, to be elected from the State at large; three Vice Presidents, to be elected from each judicial grand-division; a Secretary, an assistant Secretary, a Treasurer, and an Executive Committee of three, who shall perform the duties usually attached to their offices. "ART. IV. The annual meetings shall be held on the anniversary of the birth of Washington. "ART. V. Any person engaged as editor or publisher within this State may be a member by paying one dollar a year to the Secretary. "ART. VI. A list of members shall be published annually with the minutes of the proceedings. "The committee also recommended the adoption of the following resolution: "Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to report, at the time indicated for the next annual meeting, a permanent constitution and by-laws for the Association. — Wm. Rounseville, National Democrat, Peoria; C. R. Fisk, True Patriot, El Paso; J. H. Burnham, Pantagraph, Bloomington. "On motion a committee of five was appointed by the Chair to select officers for permanent organization. "The committee on memorializing the Legislature submitted the following report, which was adopted, viz.: "To the Honorable, the Senate ami House of Representa/n es of the State of Illinois: "Your memorialists, editors and publishers of Illinois, assembled in convention at Peoria, beg leave to call the attention of your honorable body to the importance of having all the public acts of our Legislature published simultaneouslv in the various journals in the different counties of our State, and also the laws of local interest in the journals of the region. A knowledge of the law is part of the law itself. Hence every man is presumed by the law to know the law. Against this presumption there is no plea allowed. Unless facilities are afforded for the acquisition of this knowledge, the presumption must become, in many instances, a violent one, and too arbitrarv to suit intelligent freemen. To avoid all liabilities and punishments attaching to persons without knowledge of the rules they may be charged with breaking, our fathers have engrafted into our National Constitution 'That no ex-post-facto law shall be passed.' In keeping with this just and important principle should we not see to it that all our citizens have the means of acquainting themselves with every public act of our State? Simply to publish these acts in one, or even two, of these journals at our capital is to come far short of affording these means. "Besides, the measure we urge would bring the constituents and the representatives in close proximity. Let the constituents become well read in all the public laws passed by their representatives and the good done by them will be much better appre- ciated, and the wrong more readily remedied. In view of these and various other benefits resulting from the publication of our general laws, and which Your intelligent bodv will readily anticipate, we respectfully urge that you pass an act providing for the 1$ Illinois Newspaper Directory and History publication of all acts of public and general interest in each journal of our State, and those of local interest in the journals of that region, so that our laws shall be published throughout our land to all the inhabitants thereof. "The following resolution was offered by Edward L. Merritt, Esq., and unanimously adopted: "Rcsoh (■(/, That a special committee of five be appointed on Associated Press Dispatches, and that said committee b; instructed to enquire into the exorbitant prices exacted by telegraph companies for said reports, and to report upon all telegraphic matters at the next meeting of the body. "The Chair appointed Messrs. Dowdall, Wilson, Bush, Emery and Flynn as the committee on organization of a Press Association. "The Committee on Paper Monopoly submitted the following report, which, after some discussion, was unanimously adopted: "Your Committee on Paper Monopoly would beg leave to report that a portion (if your committee was deputed by the Western Associated Press, comprised of western Pennsylvania, and all of the States west of the Alleghanies to proceed to Washington in the winter of 1863, to urge upon Congress the reduction of the duty of thirty-five per cent upon foreign paper to a revenue standard. Secretary Chase in furtherance of this object recommended, that duty on foreign printing paper be reduced from thirty- five to five per cent. A subcommittee from all the States, east and west, had two inter- views with the Committee on Ways and Means of the House, (the Hon. Thaddeus Stevens, Chairman) upon the subject, the result of which was that the duty on foreign paper was reduced from thirty-five to twenty per cent, under which reduction Hon. Henry J. Raymond, of the New York Times, imported two lots of paper from Belgium of 5,000 bundles each, at a cost of 1 5 cents per pound, the ruling rate of home-made paper at the time being twenty-three cents per pound. The rapid advance in the price of gold immediately afterwards forbade the further importation of foreign paper, and the present twenty per cent duty amounts to a total prohibition upon importation. "The committee would remark that the London papers are printed on Hoe presses and Belgium papers — England not taxing printing paper from foreign countries — regarding cheap knowledge to the people as of the very first importance. "The Ways and Means Committee of the House of Representatives were averse to changing the duties on the chemicals which enter so largely into the manufacture of paper, as they are used so much more extensively in other branches of manufacture. "There is no duty on foreign rags imported into this country. "The Legislatures of most of the States at the last session of Congress requested their Senators and Representatives to reduce or abolish the duty on foreign printing paper, and your committee are advised that this question is now under advisement by the Ways and Means Committee of the House of Representatives at Washington, and would therefore beg leave to offer the following on the part of the convention: "Resohcd, That our Senators and Representatives in Congress on behalf of the Press of Illinois, be requested to vote for a reduction of the duty on foreign printing paper, from a prohibitory to a revenue standard. "All of which is respectfully submitted. — John L. Wilson, Chairman. "It was agreed, after considerable discussion, to allow advertising agents twenty per cent for advertisements furnished. "The Committee on Legal and General Advertising submitted the following report, which, after some discussion, was adopted: "Your committee, to whom was referred back the report on advertising and reso- lutions accompanying the same, beg leave to submit the following schedule, as the 16 Illinois Newspaper I)iki< umv and History best they can otter, for the approval of the convention, and ask to be discharged from further consideration on the subject: "One square, one week in papers of less than five hundred circulation, $] first insertion and JO cents each additional insertion for the first four weeks. Papers of five hundred circulation and less than one thousand, SI. 50 for first insertion and 75 cents for each additional insertion for first four weeks. Papers having one thousand circu- lation, in no instance to charge less than these rates, but as much more as they think just. 500 1,000 No. of Squares Circulation Circulation One square, three months .... $ 6.00 $ 7.00 One square, six months 8.00 10.00 One square, twelve months- . 10.00 15.00 Five squares, one year ..... 25.00 35.00 Ten squares, one year. 40.00 50.00 Twenty squares, one year 65.00 85.00 For double column advertisements, 2 5 per cent extra. For cuts in advertisements, 2 5 per cent extra. "A square to consist of 25 ems — eight lines of nonpareil, or ten lines of minion. — Respectfully submitted, J. J. Langdon, Chairman. "A resolution was adopted to the effect that the convention appoint three dele- gates to represent the editorial interests of the State in the next convention of the 'Western Association of Editors,' which was amended so as this Association should pay their expenses, whereupon Messrs. Merritt (J. W.), Wilson and DeLewis w r ere appointed such delegates. "The Committee on Permanent Organization reported the following gentlemen as officers for the ensuing year, which (report) was unanimously adopted, viz: "President, John W. Merritt, Springfield; Vice Presidents, John W. Bailey, Prince- ton; G. P. Smith, Jacksonville; C. D. Fletcher, Centralia; Corresponding Secretary, W. T. Dowdall, Peoria; Treasurer, E. Emery, Peoria; Recording Secretary, James Shoaff, Decatur; Executive Committee, A. H. Swain, Monmouth; H. W. Kimball, Carlinville; L. V. Taft, Salem. — J. M. Bush, Chairman. "It was moved and carried that the time and place of the next meeting be left with the executive committee. "The Chair appointed Messrs. Rounseville, Emery and Dowdall a committee to draft a constitution and by-laws. "It was moved and carried that a committee of three be appointed to superintend the printing of a pamphlet of the proceedings of the convention and send it to every member of the convention, and such others as may desire it. "Whereupon the Chair appointed Messrs. Dowdall, Rounseville and Emerj such committee. "This concluded the business of importance before the convention, and a motion to adjourn sine die was carried. — A. N. Ford, Secretary Pro Tern." The Three Musketeers Before turning to the meetings of ensuing years it is proper to take special note of the three men whose names are most clearlv linked with the founding of the organi- zation. These men are John Withnal Bailey, Oliver White and John W. Merritt — Bailey because he started the work and saw it through to success; White because he was the ablest and most dependable of the aids in the organization period; and Merritt because 17 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History leadership fell on him as chairman of the first all-state meeting and as President for two terms. A study of the early meetings shows that Bailey was singled out for difficult tasks. He did not seek leadership at the early conventions, being content to serve in the ranks rather than direct the work of others. His name does not appear in the list of tem- porary officers which ran the 1866 meeting. It does appear, however, as chairman of the committee to prepare and report on the order of business. At the close of the con- vention he was named Vice President. During the years that followed he served on various committees and at the twelfth annual meeting was elected President. As Presi- dent he brought into the organization a new emphasis on professional aims and ideals and accomplished a number of practical advances in management, policy, and pro- tective legislation. His career on the Republican was a notable one. He brought to it a mind disciplined by fine editorial and managerial training. Born in Cincinnati in 18 30 he had entered on an apprenticeship in a job-printing office at the age of thirteen. Later he became interested in writing short stories and sketches and found employment as a cub reporter on his father's newspaper. He worked on various dailies in Cincinnati; Connersville, Indiana; Tiffin, Ohio; and Toledo; he then returned to the staff of the Cincinnati En- quirer and went to Washington for a year as political correspondent for that paper. He suffered a severe illness in 1862 and came west for his health. In 1863 he bought the Republican and at once began to use his fine training to build it into one of the world's largest country newspapers of high standards. Mr. Bailey conducted his paper on the theory that if the news and editorial side are given proper attention the adver- tising and circulation will require little time. The result was a fine newspaper to which merchants brought their advertising and to which readers came with their subscriptions. He was editor and publisher of the Republican for forty years. He died in 1903. Because of the high character of his professional life and his contributions to the success of the newspaper fraternity as a whole John W. Bailey was elected to the Editors Hall of Fame in 1929. Oliver White, who was associated with Bailey in the founding of the association, was a native of Pennsylvania. He was born in Franklin county of that state in 1834. His parents came to Illinois in 1837 and settled in Stark county. White attended common schools and Abingdon college. He taught school for a time at Toulon and did his first work for the press as correspondent for the Prairie Advocate of Toulon. He spent as much time as possible at the plant and acquired a knowledge of printing. In 18 56 he bought an interest in the Henry County Dial of Kewanee. After a few months he formed a partnership with E. B. Chambers, a printer, and established the Messenger in Abingdon. In 1858 he engaged in newspaper work in Pekin and remained there until the Civil War started. He then enlisted in the navy. In 1864 he returned after serving out his enlistment and entered into partnership with S. S. Kaysbier of Toulon in publishing the Stark County News. It was while he was editor of this paper that White aided in establishing the Press association. In 1868 he sold the News and started the Mollie Stark (Toulon), a tri-weekly. In the late 70's Mr. White moved to Moline and established the Moline Dispatch. In 18 80 he moved to Peoria. He engaged in journalism from time to time in that city until his death in 1903. His second wife, Louise Mercer White, was an able journalist and was for a time editor and chief editorial writer of the Peoria Journal. John W. Merritt, organization chairman and first President of the Illinois Press Association, was a man of unusual qualities and fine editorial training. At the time Illinois Newspaper Directory and History of his death in 1878 the Illinois Press Association took special notice of his passing and the following memorial was prepared and read before the association: "Hon. John V. Merritt died at his home in Salem, III., November 16, 1878. He was born in New York City, in 1806. "In his death, the newspaper fraternity of the ^.' est has lost one of its most eminent writers, a gentleman of superior literary culture, and a journalist of great prominence and extensive experience. "During the first five years of the existence of the Illinois Press Association, he was one of its most active members. He was President of the first editorial convention, which was held at Peoria, on the 22nd and 23rd diys of February, 1866, and was re-elected for the ensuing year, occupying the chair at the next annual meeting, which was held at Springfield, in January, 18 67. He presided with great dignity and courtesy, and the members of the association present at that time well remember the zest and good-feeling imparted to the business of the occasion by his ready rulings and wise and practical suggestions. "Your Committee find that he had his first journalistic experiences, when a young man, upon the New York Mirror, published by George P. Morris, as dramatic critic; he at the same time furnished articles for the leading papers and magazines of that city. "It appears that his first newspaper venture in this State was at Belleville, in 1848, at which time he commenced the publication of the Advocate of that city, which he conducted with considerable success until the summer of 1851, at which time he removed with his family to Salem, and immediately established the Salem Advocate, which he edited with marked ability until the 1st of January, 1865, when he took editorial charge of the Daily State Register, at Springfield, which paper, with his sons, Edward L. and Joseph D. Merritt, he continued to edit and publish until 1875; after which time he almost ceased his editorial labors except to write occasional articles for the Marion County Herald. "Xot only as an editor did he obtain distinction, but he served the people of Marion county, with great credit, in the halls of legislation, b;ing a member of the Illinois General Assembly in 1863 and 1864. Perhaps we cannot pay him a better tribute, or express in more fitting terms a true estimate of our departed brother, than by giving the following extracts from an obituary, written by Hon. Silas L. Bryan, who knew the deceased most intimately during the last thirty years of his life: " 'In his conflicts with the world and in the great race of life, he was the fearless advocate of principle and of private and public justice. He was careful in the examination and survey of his premises, but when he became satisfied that he was right, then his bearings were taken and his course established; and while others might falter and fail, John W. Merritt would stand as firm as the hills, and with conscientious rectitude look forward to certain victory. " 'Men of his genius and stamp have been needed in his day. and it may now be justly claimed by his friends that he has done a noble work for the fundamental prin- ciples of social life and democratic government. But as might be expected from such a man, he was greatly devoted to personal friends. Perhaps no man of his day has had and enjoyed more fullv the confidence of friends than he, and none has done more. He was not the man to desert a friend while in trouble. He had that noble nature which prompted him in seasons of calamity and darkness to come to the rescue of those he loved, and stand firm when dangers thickened around him. But his smiles and cheerful face will never greet us again in our social relations, at our tables, and at our firesides. His spirit has been gathered to his fathers, and his mortal remains consigned to the city of the 19 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History silent dead, and one after another we shall be called to follow him. May it be our great concern to fill up the measure of our manhood as he did, and then when it comes our turn to die, may we like him, pass away in peace to the realms of eternal life.' "Your Committee feel that in his death one of the oldest and ablest of our profession has been taken away; and while we regret the great and irreparable loss, we are glad to know that he has entered upon an existence far better and more lovely than this, in a glorious sphere beyond the reach of death. That his work upon earth being done — and well done — he now enjoys the rest of the faithful, in the mansions of the blest; and that his memory shall remain green in the hearts of the members of the association, of which he was so long an honored and faithful associate. — L. V. Taft, J. B. Bradwell, M. F. Simmons." 18 66 On Record The second general meeting was held at Springfield, January 8 and 9, 1867 and was well attended, the names of 129 members appearing on the minutes of the meeting. At this session the following officers were chosen: President, John W. Merritt, Springfield; Vice Presidents, Enoch Emery, Peoria; Chas. L. Wilson, Chicago; and J. C. Dobelbower, Alton; Recording Secretary, E. H. Griggs, Rockford; Assistant, J. R. Mosser, Decatur; Corresponding Secretary, A. W. Edwards, Bunker Hill; Treasurer, E. L. Baker, Spring- field; Executive Committee, J. H. Burnham, Bloomington; H. M. Kimball, Carlinville; G. P. Smith, Jacksonville; and W. W. Sellars, Pekin. Like most others, this convention was fruitful in resolutions of a miscellaneous character. One, however, was destined to be of service, for it bore fruit in legislative action, trebling the pay formerly received for publishing the delinquent tax lists. A strong effort was also made by this convention to convince the Legislature of its duty to publish the State Laws in the newspapers, but that Legislature, like all which followed it for several years, seemed to believe that the less the people knew about what the members were doing or had done, the better for all concerned. The convention by resolution, expressed itself as favoring strongly the plan of founding one great State University with the then recently received Congressional dona- tion for educational purposes, rather than the proposition so popular with some, to divide it between a half dozen different institutions. The "Grange" sentiment of the convention found expression in the following resolution, which was adopted with others thanking the railroad companies for courtesies extended to the members: Resolved, That it is the sense of this convention that the Legislature of Illinois owes it to the people to see that the most stringent laws be passed for their protection against the unjust exactions of railroad monopolies, and that railroads be compelled to conform, as nearlv as possible, to a pro rata rule for both freight and passenger tariffs. After what seems to have been a most enjoyable session, and a trip to Jacksonville and a visit to her State institutions, the convention adjourned to meet at such time and place as should be designated by the Executive Committee. A famous Editorial Excursion to Denver, the Rocky Mountains, Leadville, and other picturesque places was tendered Association members by the railroads in 1867. The trip occupied two weeks and preceded by a few days the National Association excursion to the same points. The event was not arranged by the state organization and was not regarded as the "first" excursion for that reason. 1867 On Record The 8th of January, 1868, was the time, and Jacksonville the place, designated for the third annual session. 20 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History In the absence of the President and three Vice Presidents, B. R. Hampton of Macomb was called to the chair. Forty-three members responded to the roll call, the records showing a membership of fifty-seven. An impression seems to have prevailed among the attendants at this meeting that a new constitution and by-laws were needed; accordingly I find that J. D. Woodward, Henry; J. R. Bailey, Jacksonville; H. M. Kimball, Carlinville; and E. H. Griggs, Rock- ford, were appointed a committee to draft "a permanent Constitution and By-Laws for the government of the Association," and the next day this committee made their report and the convention adopted a constitution, in many respects similar, though not so comprehensive nor so explicit as the one under which the society now acts. The officers elected at this session were: President, E. H. Griggs, Rockford; Vice Presidents, G. P. Smith, Jacksonville; W. W. Sellars, Pekin; and J. J. Langdon, Quincy; Recording Secretary, J. R. Mosser, Decatur; Assistant, F. E. Albright, Cairo; Corres- ponding Secretary, T. E. Woods, Mattoon; Treasurer, J. R. Bailey, Jacksonville; Execu- tive Committee, James Shoaff, Decatur; G. W. McMullen, Chicago; T. F. Bouton, Jonesboro; and ex-orficio the President and Secretary. Again the Association visited the State charitable institutions. The Secretary was instructed to issue a circular to the editors of the State urging them to become members of the Association. The literary exercises consisted of a short address by B. R. Hampton, on assuming the chair as a temporary chairman, and a poem by J. P. Irvin of Rockford. By a provision of the constitution it became the duty of the Executive Committee to fix the time and place of the annual meeting, and by their direction the next meeting was called. 1868 The fourth "annual" meeting* was held in Rockford on the 17th and 18th of the following June (1868). At this meeting 43 members responded to the roll call. L.ittle business seems to have been attempted at the session — probably the boys felt embarrassed by the presence of their wives, who now for the first time accompanied them — but an excursion to the Upper Mississippi and to St. Paul and Minneapolis seems to have been the main object of this meeting. This was the first excursion of the Association. A few women, including the wife of President Griggs made the trip. The officers elected at the Rockford meeting were: President, E. H. Griggs, Rockford; Vice Presidents, James G. Cory, Waukegan; F. E. Albright, Cairo; and B. R. Hampton, Macomb; Recording Secretary, J. R. Mosser, Decatur; Assistant, E. H. Talbott, Belvidere; Corresponding Secretary, G. P. Smith, Jacksonville; Treasurer, Allen Gibson, Rockford; Executive Committee, W. H. Bailhache, Quincy; C. L. Bangs, Aurora; Orrin Waters, Bloomington; the President and the Secretary. The annual address entitled, "The Mission of the Republic, and the Duty of the Newspaper Press," was delivered by Colonel G. P. Smith, of Jacksonville. "A June Poem," was read by Benjamin F. Taylor, Poet. 1869 The fifth annual session was held at Cairo, opening on the 21st of April, 1 S69. The attendance at this meeting was large — 143 names appearing in the list. Indeed, not only some of the Association, but the railroad companies and others, from which the Association received favors, had good reason to think the number was larger than recognized by ilic fmiiulci Illinois Newspaper Directory and History it ought to have been; but under the loose constitutional requirements for membership, and the strong inducements of a trip to the recently reconstructed South, the wonder is that there were so few hangers-on-to-the-editorial-coat-tail. (The extra passengers and joy riders swelled the excursion list to 275.) Those who took part in that excursion long remembered the magnificent treatment the Association received from the Illinois Central, the Mobile and Ohio, and all the Southern railroads; from the people of Cairo, Mound City, Mobile, Montgomery, New Orleans, Columbus, Mississippi, and Selma, Alabama, and, in fact, from the people all along the route. To attempt a description of that excursion, the second scheduled by the Association, which would give a proper idea of it to readers of another day, would require more space than can be devoted to it here. At this session E. H. Griggs was re-elected President; the Vice Presidents were A. W. Edwards, Carlinville; J. H. Oberly, Cairo; and J. J. Robinson, Chicago; J. R. Mosser was re-elected Recording Secretary; Dr. L. S. Allard, Virginia, Assistant; Cyrus D. Fletcher, Centralia, Corresponding Secretary; E. H. Talbott, Belvidere, Treas- urer; Executive Committee, the President and Secretary, Dr. C. H. Ray, Chicago; W. R. Steele, Wilmington; and John W. Bailey, Princeton. A brave attempt was made at this meeting to discuss questions of practical interest to the craft, but the discussion of so many questions was attempted, and so numerous were the diversions in the way of entertainments that comparatively little business was thoroughly done. The earnest, thoughtful members saw then, what they frequently observed later, that business and pleasure combined do not usually produce thorough action or add to the value of the deliberations of the Association. No doubt this obser- vation may have caused a few to leave the Association in disgust; a few others may have been led to value it only as it afforded them the facilities for an extended frolic, while manv saw and acknowledged the value of both social and business meetings, and to this class we owe the later plan of a meeting in winter for business and in summer for social enjoyment. At this meeting a committee of thirteen was appointed to consider the question of publishing the general laws of the State; to secure a change in the law of libel, and the publication of all legal sales in the newspapers, and to bring these subjects before the Constitutional Convention the following winter. None of these objects sought was attained at that time, because, the committee afterward reported, the Constitutional Convention seemed to regard these subjects "as matters for legislative action rather than constitutional provision." The publication of the New Constitution in all the news- papers of the State was undertaken, however, and may be considered as an acknowledge- ment by the Constitutional Convention of the correctness of the stand taken by the committee in demanding the publication of the laws of the State in the newspapers. The services of the committee were duly acknowledged by the Association at the next meeting, and the committee at that time announced as its opinion that if the matter were pressed upon the next legislature, the legislation so desirable on all these points mentioned might be secured, as they were satisfied that the people of the State were convinced of the justness of the proposal. The first steps to guard more carefully the road to membership in the Association were taken at Cairo, and other steps followed from time to time, until the adoption of the revised constitution at Jacksonville in 1S75. The literary exercises at this meeting consisted of the Annual Address, by Dr. C. H. Ray, of the Chicago Tribune, and a poem entitled "Peace," by \V. H. Bristol, of Kankakee. 22 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History 1870 The sixth annua! meeting was held in Chicago, August 16 and 17, 1870, and was followed by a delightful excursion by way of Lakes Michigan and Huron, the Grand Trunk Railway, the St. Lawrence River, and the Vermont Central Railroad, to Toronto, Montreal, Quebec and Boston. This was the third Association outing. The membership that year numbered 142. Outsiders were eliminated on the trip and the roll of passengers was reduced to 110 or IIS. For the fourth time E. H. Griggs and J. R. Mosser were elected President and Secretary, respectively. The Vice Presidents chosen were A. W. Edwards, S. P. Rounds and T. F. Bouton. T. E. Woods was elected Assistant Secretary, and J. A. J. Birdsall, Corresponding Secretary; J. R. Bailey, Treasurer, and \\". R. Steele, Orrin Watters and James Shoaff, Executive Committee. Resolutions were adopted at this meeting declaring that "lady" compositors, press- women and job-printers were entitled to the same remuneration that men occupying similar positions received; also recommending that members ignore the services of advertising agents, and discard ready-printed sheets. The literary exercises consisted of an essay upon the "Management of the Local Newspaper," by L. D. Ingersoll, of Chicago; an essay entitled, "The Mechanical Depart- ment of the Local Paper," by C. L. Bangs, of Hillsboro; the annual address on "Modern Journalism," by Dr. E. R. Roe, of Bloomington, and a poem, "The Pioneer Press," by Mrs. S. L. Griswold, of Chicago. 1871-- The seventh annual session was held at Rock Island, June 27, 1871. The fourth annual excursion consisted of a trip by steamboat to Quincy, and by rail to Peoria. The membership for the year fell from 142 to just 100. The literary exercises consisted of an essay, by J. R. Mosser, on "The Independence of the Press"; the annual address by John W. Merritt, and the annual poem by Mrs. Myra Bradwell, entitled "Women's Rights." The officers elected were: President, J. R. Mosser, Decatur; Vice Presidents, J. C. Cooper, Centralia; Rev. J. C. Stoughton, Aurora, and E. B. Buck, Charleston; Recording Secretary, J. M. Adair, Mt. Carroll; Assistant, J. S. Seibert, Bloomington; Treasurer, George Burt, Henry; Executive Committee, D. L. Davis, Cairo; A. W. Kellogg, Pontiac, and J. C. Stoughton. The committee on publication of State laws and legal advertising was instructed to draft a bill for the carrying out of the sentiments of the Association on those ques- tions, that the said bill be printed and copies sent to the members to the end that a united effort might be made to secure its passage. The committee discharged its duties, but the Legislature failed to act. 1872 On the 18th of June, 1872, the eighth annual convention assembled at Cham- paign. The membership reported at this session was 84. The convention remained in session two days. The officers elected were: President, Rodney Welch, Chicago; Vice Presidents, Douglass Hapeman, Ottawa; Mrs. Myra Bradwell, Chicago; and Cyrus D. Fletcher, Centralia; Recording Secretary, J. M. Adair. Mt. Carroll; Assistant, T. E. Woods, Mattoon; Corresponding Secretary, George Scroggs, Champaign; Treasurer. C. L. Bangs, Hillsboro; Executive Committee, W. \\". Sellars, Pekin, George H. Harlow, •This wn the year of ihc Chicigo fire. 23 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Springfield, and James Shoaft', Decatur. The fifth annual excursion was to Indianapolis over the Indianapolis, Bloomington and Western Railroad. The session was pronounced at its close both pleasant and profitable. In a model opening address the President congratulated the Association upon the rapid advance- ment made by the country press during the years just passed, and attributed its advance largely to the influence of the Association. A portion of the second day was spent in visiting the buildings and grounds of the Illinois Industrial University. Among the questions discussed at this session was the following: "Shall This Association Offer Premiums on Job Work?" The discussion of this question resulted in the passage of a resolution requesting each member of the Association to place on exhibition at the annual meetings specimens of their general job work printed during the current year. Another question discussed was the best method to regulate prices for advertising, including "locals" and legals. A lengthy discussion under this head resulted in the appointment of Messrs. Buck, Bradwell and Ray, a committee, with instructions to report, first, what would be a fair average price for legal advertising, and second, to consult with members of the legislature at its next meeting, in reference to all classes of legal advertising, with a view to giving greater publicity to all legal notices where the public was interested. J. H. Oberly had been selected to deliver the annual address, but failed to do so, and General Black, of Champaign, entertained the society with some extemporaneous remarks, after which H. R. Hobart, of Chicago, read the annual poem, on "The Press, as It Was, and Is, and Is to Be." 1873 At the ninth annual session at Quincy, June 11, and 12, 1873, a membership of 94 was reported. The sixth excursion for the year was to the Southwestern frontier of Kansas, and to Nebraska, by way of Hannibal and Kansas City, Wichita, returning by way of Topeka, Lincoln, Omaha, and Burlington. At this session E. B. Buck, Charleston, was chosen President, and S I. Bradbury, Waukegan; E. H. N. Patterson, Oquawka; and C. P. Richards, DuQuoin, Vice Presi- dents. Cadet Taylor, Wenona, was elected Secretary; Arthur Holt, Kankakee, Assistant; C. N. Whitney, Princeton, Corresponding Secretary, and J. W. Clinton, Polo, Treasurer. Messrs. E. L. Merritt, Springfield, James Shoaff, Paris, and J. D. Moudy, Richview, were chosen members of the Executive Committee. The subject of legal advertising was again brought before the convention by E. L. Merritt and discussed at length. House bill No. 447, then before the Legislature, was recommended and the Association urged to bring the proper influences to bear to secure its passage, and to aid in securing this end. Messrs. Merritt, Oberly, Magie and Mosser, were constituted a committee to work for its passage. The records of subse- quent meetings show that this, and other similar committees acted on this subject and that of publishing the State laws, but that all were for many years unsuccessful in securing legislative action. Resolutions were passed at this meeting condemning excessive indulgence in intoxi- cating drinks by members of the Association, and declaring that "hereafter any member of the Association, in attendance upon our annual meetings, who shall so far disregard the duty he owes to this body as to appear in its deliberations or before the people where said annual meeting may be held, under the influence of liquor, such member shall be suspended for the term of two years from all the rights and privileges of this Association; and for the second offense he shall be dropped from its rolls and the respect of the Association, and disqualified for again becoming a member. 24 Il I 1.NU1S Nl \\ SPAP] R DlKI ( TORY AND HlSTORY The following resolution was presented by E. B. Buck and adopted without debate: "Resolved, That any member of this Association allowing other persons to use his certificate of membership for the purpose of transportation shall be subject to expulsion. "A resolution for the appointment of a committee to examine and report upon the expediency of organizing a life insurance company for the benefit of the members of the Association, was laid upon the table for one year." A movement looking to the formation of local organizations was undertaken, and the editors and publishers of each congressional district were invited to organize and confer together upon subjects of mutual interest. The annual address was by the venerable M. Brayman, of Danforth. Wisconsin. The annual poem, entitled "Woman's Logic," was read by Mrs. Emily Huntington Miller, of the "Little Corporal." A memorial address on the life and character of the Lite W. V. Sellars was delivered by the Hon. George H. Harlow. Sundry "resolutions of principle" were adopted at this session after considerable spicy discussion. Among other good things the Association modestlv declared that "the press is the first estate in the Nation, and, therefore, to it must look for protection the Church and the State: that said 'first estate' in convention assembled, solemnly pledges itself first, to elevate its tone; second, to purify its expression; third, to abjure all personal quarrels, and, so far as in us be, make the profession as 'chaste as an icicle and as pure as the snow.' " And the last of this lengthy series of resolutions very significantly closed with a request to the General Assembly to pass a law defining and limiting the powers of the Courts of the State to punish for contempt of court! At its tenth "annual" meeting the membership of the Association touched high water mark, 154 names being recorded, an increase oi sixty over the previous year. This convention was held in Chicago, May 26 and 27, 1874, E. B. Buck, presiding. The officers elected at this meeting were: President, George Scroggs, Champaign; Vice Presidents, D. L. Phillips, Springfield; Mrs. Myra Bradwell, Chicago; and T. E. Woods, Mattoon; Secretary, Cadet Taylor; Assistant Secretary. C . V \\ hitney, Princeton; Treasurer, J. W. Clinton, Polo; Executive Committee, John \V. Bailey, Princeton, J. B. Bradwell, Chicago, and H. 1. Clay, Carrollton. It was found that the yearly dues were too small to meet the necessary expenses and they were increased to $2.00 per year. A discussion of other features of the Con- stitution and By-Laws resulted in the appointment of a committee to revise them and report at the next annual meeting. The death of two prominent members of the Association, J. 1). Mowdy, ot Rich- view, and James Shoaff, of Paris, was announced. The former was a member of the Executive Committee at the time of his death, and the latter was one of the original members of the Association and several times a member of the Executive Committee. The literary exercises at this meeting consisted of the annual address by J. W. Sheahan, of Chicago, and a "Press Panegyric" by that eminent Granger, Rodnev Welch, of the Prairie Farmer. The seventh excursion was to Cincinnati, Washington, and Baltimore, over the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. None who took part in it soon forgot the courtesies of the railroad and Pullman Palace Car companies, nor the attention received at Cincinnati and Washington. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Chapter II The Association Grows 1S75 First Special Meeting. Pursuant to call of the Executive Committee a special session of the Association was convened at Springfield, January 27, 28 and 29, 1875, for business. Fifty or sixty members responded to the call. Those who attended that session were generally of the opinion that it was one of the best, if not the most useful, held by the Association. The minutes of the three days' session filled forty-eight pages, and the Association deemed them of sufficient merit to order 5 00 copies printed and to send one to each newspaper in the State. The papers read at the session were: "An Intro- ductory Address," by President Scroggs; an essay on "Advertising and Advertising Agents," by E. H. Phelps, of Wyoming; a lecture on "The Country Editor," by E. F. Baldwin, of El Paso; a humorous address on "The Mission of the Editor," by R. E. Hoyt, of Chicago; an essay on "Independent Journalism," by D. L. Davis, of Cairo; a disquisition on "Editorial Courtesy," by H. A. Coolidge, of Litchfield; a prac- tical essay on "How to Make Money in a Printing Office," by Charles Holt, of Kankakee; an address on the "Moral Power of the Press," by Mrs. DeGreer, of Chicago; and a lengthy and able article on "Job Printing, and How It Can Be Most Profitably Con- ducted in Connection with a Newspaper," by S. P. Rounds, of Chicago. The program closed with an essay by W. T. Norton, of Alton, answering the question, "Should Newspapers Be Compensated for Their Services to Parties and Candidates?" Most of these essays and addresses were fully and freely discussed by the Association, and thoughts were brought out quite as valuable as those presented in the essays. The question "How to Make Money in a Printing Office," drew out a discussion at once interesting and profitable. An effort was made to ascertain just how many present adhered strictly to the cash-in-advance system for subscriptions. Four declared that to be their invariable rule, while all the others admitted they had been obliged to make frequent exceptions to this rule. The daring four just referred to were Dalton of Streator, Whitehall of Watseka, Davidson of Carthage, and Phelps of Wyoming. The slain in the memorable battle over the question, "Is the Method of Using Ready-Printed Sheets Advantageous?" were so numerous on both sides that no reliable list was ever compiled. Among the resolutions adopted at this session were the following: "Resolved, That each member of this Association be requested to present at the next business meeting two hundred copies of one or more specimens of job printing executed in their offices, to be exchanged for like specimens. "Resolved, That the President appoint a committee of three to receive, exhibit and distribute to the members the specimens of printing requested for the next business meeting." The eleventh annual session was held in the city of Jacksonville, May 2 5 and 26, 1875, President George Scroggs presiding. Hon. Andrew Shuman gave the annual address, "The Editorial Conscience" being his theme. The annual poem, entitled "The Mystic Web of Public Sentiment," was read by C. B. Bostwick, of Mattoon. The officers elected at this session were: President, S. P. Rounds, Chicago; Vice Presidents, Mrs. Myra Bradwell, Chicago; H. A. Coolidge, Litchfield; and M. O. Frost, Marshall; Secretary, Cadet Taylor, Wenona; Treasurer, E. H. Phelps, Wyoming; Execu- tive Committee, C. P. Richards, DuQuoin, T. J. Sharp, Lincoln, and C. B. Hayward, Joliet. All the State charitable institutions located in Jacksonville were again visited 26 Imim.is Newspaper Dim < 1010 and History by the Association and every facility was afforded to members to see for themselves how the funds of the State were expended by those in charge. The eighth annual excursion was taken over the Chicago and Alton Railroad to St. Louis; thence by steamboat to St. Paul and return to Dubuque; thence by rail to Chicago. The membership reported at this meeting was 140. The twelfth annual session of the Association was held at Joliet on the 6th, 7th, and 8th of June, 1876, at which time the records showed a membership of 151. The report of the Secretary showed the society to be in a sound and healthy condition, and in compliance with his suggestion a committee of three was appointed to prepare a revision of the entire proceedings of the Association from the time of its organization, and report to the Executive Committee, which was empowered to take such action as they should deem best as to its publication in book form. One of the most enjoyable features of the meeting was the presentation by members of the Association of a fine gold watch to the retiring Secretary. The annual election resulted in the selection of the following officers: President, J. W. Bailey, Princeton; Vice Presidents, C. B. Hayward, Joliet; M. F. Leland. Bloom- ington; and G. H. Robertson, Sandwich; Secretary, C. B. Bostwick, Mattoon; Treasurer, J. W. Clinton, Polo; Executive Committee, the three junior Presidents, Rounds, Scroggs, and Buck. Messrs. Taylor, Phelps and Mosser were appointed a committee to suggest any needed amendments to the Constitution and By-Laws. No excursion is recorded in the minutes for the year. From this time on more time was devoted to business and less time to entertainment. A resolution that each newspaper in the State be requested to publish at some time in the next year a sketch not only of its own history, but also of its predecessors, and of all the pioneer journals of its county, preparatory to the work of compiling a complete history of the newspapers of the State, was referred to the committee on revision of the proceedings of the Association. On motion, it was declared the wish of the convention that a business meeting be called at Springfield, in January, 1877, and the plan for the exhibition and distribution of job work proposed at the January meeting in 1875 was recommended. The literary exercises consisted of the annual poem, "The Poet's Song," by Mrs. Emily Huntington Miller, of Chicago; the annual address, by George Scroggs, of Champaign; a poem by Mrs. J. \V. Fletcher, of Centralia; and an essay entitled "Courage in Journalism," by H. A. Coolidge, of Litchfield. Following and between the sessions the Association visited the Joliet stone quarries, iron-works, and the State prison, and, all of the members succeeding in regaining the outside of that charming institution, the members dispersed to their homes, only too happy, when remembering the warning words of Governor Beveridge, to be permitted once more to labor for their own main- tenance outside of any State institution. "In the first eleven years of its existence," John W. Clinton, editor-historian pointed out in 1876, "the Association held 13 meetings, at which addresses, essays and lectures, and 13 poems were delivered, which were thought worthy to be preserved in the printed records of the society. "It afforded an organization in which united action could be taken for the pro- motion or in the defense of our common interests as editors and publishers. "Its annual gatherings made it possible for members to become personally acquainted, an opportunity not attainable in any other way, and one not lightly to be estimated. 27 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History for by it many an exchange of experience was effected which proved of great value to the inexperienced searcher after professional knowledge. "Its excursions furnished rest, recreation and social enjoyment which the diligent in any profession are so likely to forego. They also afforded members an opportunity to see and study the different sections of our country. "The opportunity at the meeting to 'compare notes' led many to a closer review of their own records and gave them a better standard by which to estimate failures and successes. "The influence of these friendly meetings and the sentiment they created did much to discourage the personal quarrels still too common between rival journalists. "It undoubtedly raised the standard of personal respectability and morality, until today (1876) it is understood that an excursion and a good time does not mean a big railroad drunk, but a social visit in which the wives and daughters need not hesitate to participate. The improvement in this respect is so marked that all the old members cannot fail to see it. "It greatly aided in equalizing subscription and advertising rates throughout the State. "It proved, even to those most dissatisfied with results already attained, how much might be done to mutual advantage and profit if all who come to the meetings would do as they do at home — place business before pleasure. "It now affords those who desire it an opportunity to exchange not only ideas and experiences but specimens of job work, and thus accumulate an assortment far more valuable than those designed by any one man, not excepting the Cincinnati artist who styles himself 'The Printer,' and sells his specimens at enormous prices. "Its business session two years ago secured for members not only an abundant supply of material for thought, but free admission to and an excuse for attending Haines' Circus, certainly a legislative opportunity not likely to be afforded twice in a lifetime. "Year by year the organization has grown more symmetrical, more practical, more careful that none but those entitled to membership are admitted, and more exacting in its requirements of members, until today it stands as one of the strongest in numbers, most respectable in character, and most powerful in influence among the press associa- tions of the Union. Let it be the care of each one of its members that no cloud shall darken its future." This is the testimony of one of the most faithful members, a man who devoted much of his time in later life to historical study and research. 1877 Second Special Meeting. The second special winter meeting of the Association was held on January 31 and February 1, 1877, in the art gallery of the new State House, in Springfield. There were present at the meeting between 5 and 60 of the editors and publishers of the state. President J. W. Bailey, of the Bureau County Republican (founder of the Associa- tion) called the meeting to order. C. A. Haviland, formerly of the Gem of the West, Chicago, proposed the establishment of an Eastern agency for the newspaper press of Illinois. The matter was laid on the table. The Honorable D. L. Phillips, of the Springfield State Journal, opened the first topic for discussion, "Of What Matter Should the Country Newspaper Be Composed in Order to Be Profitable to the Publisher and Beneficial to the Subscriber?" The Honorable J. H. Oberly, Cairo Bulletin; T. E. Woods, Mattoon Journal; George Scroggs, Champaign Gazette; J. K. Magie, Canton Register; George M. Tatham, Greenville 28 Illinois Newspaper Diri< roR\ and History Advocate; and J. \\". Bailey, Bureau County Republican, took part in the discussion and brought out the importance of giving lull coverage on local news and country correspondence. A summary report on the discussion was made by a committee consisting of II. A. Coolidge, of the Litchfield Monitor; E. B. Fletcher, of the Morris Herald; and Douglas Hapeman, of the Ottawa Free-Trader. They presented the following points: that country journals prosper in proportion to their success in gleaning the local news of their town and country, their mechanical appearance and regularity of publication being equal; that it is a question whether they should be so thoroughly localized as to require readers to subscribe to a metropolitan paper as well; that advertisements are of value to the publisher and especially to the subscriber; that no proper home advertisement at reasonable rates should be omitted or preference given to those from .1 distance; that editorials are important to the position and influence of the paper; and that the country press must meet the laws of change and progress. The second discussion was on the subject of the employment of male and female compositors, and the wage to be paid to each class. The discussion was opened by Judge J. B. Bradwell of the Chicago Legal News, who made strong argument in favor of female compositors. He stated that there were 10S female compositors in Chicago and about fifteen of them had been admitted to the Typographical Union. Other members stated their experiences with women compositors. The recording committee reported the following general conclusions: that there should be no discrimination in wages; that most publishers arc willing to employ women; that women do succeed in certain offices; that the chief disadvantage ot women are that they are not equal to emergencies and may not take up printing with serious purpose and as an employment for life; and that it is for each publisher to decide for himself whether or not to employ women. H. L. Boies, of the Sycamore True Republican, led a discussion of "The Credit System in the Newspaper Business for Subscriptions and Advertising." It was sum- marized as follows: that as the countrv weekly must compete with the city weekly it should also adopt pre-payment on subscriptions; that the losses overbalance the gains of the credit system; that the credit system is a newspaper wrecker; and that it is advisable for each publisher to adopt the cash system. A committee that had been appointed to invite the Honorable Mr. Sittig, Chairman of the House Printing Committee, to speak before the Association gave the follow- ing report: Your Committee appointed to invite the Chairman of the House Printing Com- mittee to be present at this session and favor the Association with his views of the revision of the laws relating to legal advertising, would report that the Chairman is absent from the city. W"e have conversed with individual members of the Printing Committee, and they suggest that the Press Association appoint a committee to draft a bill embodying the proposed amendments, and their Committee will give our recom- mendations proper consideration. We therefore recommend that such Committee be appointed. Respectfully submitted, Cadet Taylor, George Scroggs, Lucian Dunbar. A resolution offered by T. E. Woods, of the MattOOn Journal, was adopted, that a Committee of three experienced country publishers be appointed by the Chairman to frame a bill of revision on the subject of legal advertising, to be presented to the legislature, and furthermore to urge its passage and enactment. Such a bill would secure fair compensation to the publisher at a reasonable cost to the litigant for all legal publications, and authorize proper and sufficient public notices of all legal actions, matters and proceedings. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History George Scroggs, of the Champaign Gazette, offered the following resolutions which were referred to the Committee contemplated by the resolution of Mr. Woods. (The points were later considered by the special committee.) "Resolved, That in the opinion of this Association, any notice which from a legal standpoint is considered a 'public notice' should be made by publication in some news- paper issued in the county where lies the venue of the case. "Resolved, That in our opinion every officer who receives and disburses public funds should annually publish a statement of his receipts and expenditures." Major W. H. Haskell, of the Amboy Journal, moved the following resolution which was adopted. "Resolved, That our Public Schools and free education ought to receive more atten- tion from the local papers." A discussion on the management of a printing office was principally noteworthy for the opportunity it afforded J. H. Oberly, of the Cairo Bulletin, to give a humorous account of managing a newspaper office in Southern Illinois. Specimens of job printing were distributed. J. W. Clinton, of the Ogle County Press, delivered an address on "What Has Been Accomplished by the Illinois Press Association Since Its Organization?" As the committee on printing laws the Chair appointed T. E. Woods, of the Mattoon Journal; C. Zarley, of the Joliet Signal; and Cadet Taylor, of the Wenona Index. Mr. Woods declined to serve and it was moved that President J. W. Bailey be substituted and made chairman of the committee, which motion was adopted and the committee so constituted. The following resolution was offered by George Scroggs of the Champaign Gazette and adopted. "Resolved, That the Committee on sp2cimens of job printing be continued, and that they be instructed to urge the members to bring to our next winter meeting speci- men copies of newspapers and of job work." The Association visited the State Arsenal at the invitation of Adjutant General Hilliard. The thirteenth annual session of the Illinois Press Association was held at East St. Louis on the 5th and 6th of June, 1877. The meeting was called to order by President J. W. Bailey, of the Bureau County Republican, at the Allerton House at the Stock Yards. The Honorable William C. Ellison delivered a welcoming address to which President Bailey responded. Seventy-eight members were reported present. Captain F. Y. Hedley, of the Bunker Hill Gazette, read an entertaining essay giving "A Ten Year's View" of the business of managing a printing office and publishing a newspaper. E. A. Snively, of the Macoupin County Enquirer, Carlinville, presented an essay on "Legislation for the Benefit of the Press, Its Policy and Limitations," which drew out an animated and interesting discussion, in connection with which a speech by Senator M. B. Castle of Sandwich was read. The Secretary being called upon, reported his action in the matter of issuing a circular to the members of the Association in February calling attention to the para- graphs in the Chicago papers referring to the misuse of passes by Hardin Case and John Schuster, of the Constitution and Union, Carlyle, and the whole subject, together with the general question of breaches of order and rules, was referred to the Committee on Revision of Membership for examination and report. The Association accepted the invitation of the officers of the National Stock Yards to visit them. 30 Illinois Newspaper Dikmioiu and History The importance of taking some organized action in the way of an address to the next Legislature, brought out by the discussion following the reading of the essay oi Mr. Snivelv in the afternoon, was urged, and on motion of T. E. Woods, of the Mattoon Journal, the following resolution was adopted: "Resoh ed, That the chair appoint a committee of five, of which Snivelv shall be one, to prepare an address to the people and the Legislature on the subject of the pub- lication of the reports of financial officers and public laws." The following committee to prepare a memorial to the Legislature was then appointed: E. A. Snivelv. Carlinville Enquirer; M. F. Leland, Bloomington Leader: Cadet Taylor, Wenona Index; Major W. H. Haskell, Amboy Journal; H. A. Coolidge, Litchfield Monitor; and the President, J. \V. Bailey, was on motion afterwards added to this committee. It was then moved by E. B. Buck, of the Charleston Courier that the Executive Committee have the privilege of inviting a few guests to accompany the excursion to Colorado, which was granted by vote of the Association. H. L. Clay, of the Jacksonville Courier, delivered the annual address on "The Paralyzed Power of the Press." The annual poem, "Outs and Doublets, or. The Author's Proof" was given by Major W. H. Haskell, of the Amboy Journal. Cadet Taylor, from the committee to suggest amendments to the Constitution, gave notice of two amendments to Section 1 of Article III, providing that applicants for membership shall have been bona fide editors or publishers within the State for at least one year before becoming eligible, and making five years good standing in the Association necessary to enable those retiring from the business to retain their membership. The report of the Committee on Breaches of Rules and Order was further dis- cussed, and in the absence of the formal report the substance of the same is given: "In the matter of use of passes by Hardin Case, of Carlyle, it was found that, though the passes were offered, they were not actually used and hence. Committee, while con- demning the act, would not recommend his expulsion. In the matter of Thomas I. Sharp, of Lincoln, Committee reported that he be expelled from the Association for alleged dealing in counterfeit money, for which he was confined in the jail at Spring- field at the term of the winter meeting. Some strong resolutions condemning all misuse of passes, and all conduct calculated to bring reproach upon the Association, were reported, and adopted by the convention." The officers elected at this meeting were: President, Cadet Taylor, Wenona Index; Vice Presidents, E. B. Buck, Charleston Courier; Fred L. Alles, Pontile Sentinel; Mrs. Myra Bradwell, Chicago Legal News; Secretary, C. B. Bostwick, Mattoon Gazette; Treasurer, J. W. Clinton, Polo Press; Executive Committee, S. P. Rounds, Chicago Printers' Cabinet; George W. Scroggs, Champaign Gazette, and J. W. Bailey, Prince- ton Republican. After the election of officers, the following preamble and resolutions were offered by Mr. Rounds of the Executive Committee, and the same were honored by an unani- mous vote: "In 1867, on the occasion of our famous Editorial Excursion to the Rocky Mount- ains, the finest train of cars that had ever been made up in this country, composed of five new and magnificent Pullman sleepers, with dining, saloon and baggage cars, was tendered to the editors, and all the very complete arrangements for the trip were made by Albert B. Pullman, Esq., then Vice President of the company, and executed under his personal supervision, from first to last. The expense of this grand affair amounted up into thousands of dollars; and the only cost of the trip, so far as our Association Illinois Newspaper Directory and History was concerned, was the superb testimonial in the shape of a watch which was presented to Mr. Pullman, and which is still worn and highly prized by him. "On the memorable Excursion made by this Association to Mobile and New Orleans, the only sleeping cars provided on the trip were the free-will offerings of this company. "Again, on our journey to the Canadas and Boston, were the members of the Association the recipients of its continued courtesy. "In 1874, when our Association made its excellent and well-remembered trip to Baltimore and Washington, although the guests of the Baltimore and Ohio road, yet the Pullman Palace Car Company again provided its superb cars for our comfort, at a very heavy expense to itself. "When it is remembered that the Illinois Press Association is but one among several other sister organizations of the Western States, and that like courtesies have been extended to them also by this company, it must be apparent that no other one corporate company has contributed as much in courtesy, as well as dollars and cents, to the pleasure and comfort of our Association and the Western Press, as has the Pullman Palace Car Company. "It should be remembered in this Convention that the interests of this company have suffered, and are suffering, during the prevalence of hard times, in common with those of railroad and other corporate bodies — and our own — and while the regular charge of this company for general excursions are seventy-five dollars per day per car, in voluntarily offering this Association their cars for the present excursion for the mere cash cost to the company, it amounts, in fact, to a courtesy which is worth nearly two thousand dollars to the Association. "In view of these facts, therefore, be it "Resolird, That the hearty thanks of the Illinois Press Association be tendered to George B. Pullman, Esq., and the world-renowned company he represents, for its generous courtesies in past years as well as on the present occasion." The convention accepted the invitation to make a trip to Cahokia, Carondalet, General Grant's farm, Kirkwood, etc. Secretary Bostwick was presented with a handsome watch chain by E. A. Snively, of the Carlinville Enquirer, in behalf of the Association. Several resolutions were passed unanimously tendering the thanks of the Association to the Honorable John B. Bowman, Mayor of East St. Louis, to the officials of the rail- roads and of the National Stock Yards, and to the Press of East St. Louis for the many courtesies shown the members of the Association. Telegraph messages of greeting were sent to the Press Associations of Arkansas and of Missouri which were in session at the time, and these conventions responded with fraternal best wishes to the Illinois Press Association. The annual excursion this year took the members to Colorado on a most delightful trip. Called meetings were held at Manatou, Colorado; Larned, Kansas; at Kansas City where the members were for one day the guests of the mayor and citizens of Kansas City; and at St. Louis. Deepest appreciation in resolutions was expressed to the following railroads that made the excursion possible and pleasant: the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe; the St. Louis, Kansas City and Northern; the Missouri Pacific; and also the Chicago and Alton; Illinois Central; Wabash; Indianapolis and St. Louis; Vandalia; St. Louis and Southeastern; Cairo Short Line; and Chicago, Burlington and Quincy. This meeting was the first in which we are afforded a full picture of the aims and ideals of the founder of the Association. It is significant not only that President Bailey set forth the main body of purposes which were theJ ones to endure but that on 32 Illinois Newspaper Dire< roRi and History the program lie arranged there should be definitely introduced the idea of co-operation with universities to develop professional ideals and instruction for newspaper men. His presidential address follows: Address of J. W. Bailey in 1877 "Fellow Citizens of East St. Louis: Permit me, in behalf of the Illinois Press Association, to tender you our heartfelt thanks for this generous welcome to your thriving city — a city uniting the Fast and the West by links of iron and of love. Standing here as we do today, and viewing the outlines of the great metropolis on the western shore of your majestic river, and the strong highway of steel leading thereto, we are led to exclaim: Surely this, your city, must be the entrance gate to the mighty empire which stretches out toward the setting sun! "You have alluded in some degree to the press as the bulwark of national freedom and the hand-maid of our progressive civilization. We are not, I trust, insensible to the import and value of this compliment. We feel, everyone of us, that the great powers with which we are entrusted should be rightly used — not for the promotion of mere personal or party ends, but for the good first of our people, and then for the weal of mankind. As that trite couplet has it — 'No pent up Utica contracts our powers. The whole unbounded continent is ours.' "We have come to your city, lying upon the Great Father of Waters, to spend a brief season of relaxation from labor, and by an interchange of ideas concerning our art, to better fit ourselves individually and collectively for the active duties of life. I am sure we shall carry away with us kindly remembrances of your lavish hospitality, and your words of sympathy and cheer. They are the flowers that sometimes mark the pathway of laborious life, and, like the acacia, will flourish green in our memories. "With these brief remarks in acknowledgement of the courtesies you have so kindly tendered us, I will now present a few thoughts to the fraternity, and which I trust will not be without interest to all. First, then, let us consider THE ADVANCEMENT OF THE AGE in the arts and sciences, and the inventive genius which is a peculiar characteristic of our day and generation. This age of ours, ladies and gentlemen, is one of rapid progress in all the arts that tend to meliorate man's condition and crown him with prosperity and happiness. Our days, in fact, are like the years of old, if we may be allowed to reckon by progress and events; and we may well say: 'Better fifty years of freedom Than a cycle of Cathay.' "Empires spring up, as it were, in a night; cities, once the slow creation of time, now rise as if by magic, from their ruins, like the fabled Phoenix from its funeral pyre. Forests are subdued; the earth gives out its hidden treasures of mineral wealth; time and space are annihilated; and thought takes wings of lightning and flashes through oceans and over broad continents. Thus we are enabled to read the descriptions of European battles 'ere the noise and smoke of cannon and musketry have died away; and the world 'Wonders what new invention Will next claim its attention.' " 'The telephone,' some one suggests — a scientific process for the rapid communi- cation of sound from city to city, and designed 'ere long to reach across this great continent of ours, enabling people many miles distant from each other to engage in familiar converse. Yes, as the latest, the telephone is worthy of mention. 33 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "We are whirled by a new motor, which has yet to reach its centennial, from the plain to the mountain, and from the mountain to the sea — carrying with it civilization and progressive ideas wherever it goes — and, in our rapid flight for purposes of pleasure, we take our wives and children, and they scarcely miss the comfort, the quiet and the luxury of home. As we see before our eyes, mighty rivers are spanned by the wonderful triumphs of genius and art; and monuments of this character dot our great public highways from Maine to California, and from the lakes to the sea. To brute force and the march of batallions, to the career of the conqueror and prowess of war, have, we hope, forever in this noble land of ours succeeded the arts of substantial peace and the trophies of profound intellect. "Science has penetrated into the arcama of nature, and unveiled its innermost shrines. The fruits of civilization and refinement seen on every hand, like the grapes of Eschol, indicate the glory of our land. Instead of the gaudy trappings of the warrior, rolled in blood and subjecting man to his will, Reason has taken the throne. Mind has triumphed over matter; and it is the intellect, and not force, that commands the respect of the thinking world. Men have acquired nobler ideas of the value of civil and religious liberty, and have been elevated to a nobler plane of feeling and thought. For this upward and onward march of human progress, and the nobler manhood which is so character- istically typified by the two representative men of our civilization — Washington the founder, and Lincoln the preserver of our Republic — the world is largely indebted to THE INFLUENCE OF THE PRESS, that powerful enginery for the diffusion of knowledge and the spread of letters. The Press has been the great educator of the people; the storehouse of learning, from which they have received lessons of liberty, and learned by what means only it can be maintained. It has been the great textbook, whose study has disciplined the minds and improved their hearts. It has cheerfully proclaimed truth; and has as cheerfully denounced error. It has thus been at once the instructor and guardian of the people — giving ever to virtue its due meed of praise, and putting 'In every honest hand a whip To lash rascals naked through the world.' "What an engine has the press been to promote good and to defeat dangerous and corrupt legislation in our State and National Assemblies. It is the faithful watchman upon the walls, who descries from afar the inroad of danger and lifts up his voice to warn the people, who look to him to gua'd their liberties and protect their rights. Let some important measure be proposed, either by our law-makers or by the lobby, 'that power behind the throne, often greater than the throne itself,' and by the morrow's sun a free press spreads it broadcast throughout the land. It is thoroughly ventilated; its merits or demerits are discussed; the attention of the people is aroused; the wonderful influence of the press is brought to bear, for or against the measure as the public- interests may seem to demand, and it is either enacted into law, or else 'consigned to the tombs of the Capulets.' Practical illustrations of this influence of the press, and more particularly the Country Press, have been demonstrated many times during the session of the General Assembly of Illinois which has just terminated; and this leads us to say, the Press may well be thought to be a fourth estate of the realm, against whose united voice no dangerous law, if it pass, can long encumber our statute books. This indicates a healthy state of mind and heart in the body politic; for although there are, and always will be corrupt men, yet under the surveillance of an unsubsidized Press, they are held in check, and are becoming more and more harmless as the stream of intelligence widens and is diffused. It is at all times the mission of the Press, and especially when clouds lower in the political sky, as it was of the old Roman consuls, 34 Iiusms \ i w Mwi'i k Dime iors. and History to 'see that the Republic t.ikes no detriment,' and to be the great conservator of her liberties. But time would fail us, friends, to fully develop thoughts like these, and to set forth our great mission in such terms as it deserves — a mission second in its influence only to the Christian church — hence we turn to subjects more pertinent to the occasion which has brought us together; such, for instance, .is the IMPORTANCE OF OUR ORGANIZATION. "It is now thirteen years since we met at Peoria and took the initiatory steps to form the Illinois Press Association. Many who attended that meeting are here with us today; but nearly as many, we regret to say, have 'gone to that undiscovered country from whose bourne no traveler e'er returns.' The fact was then developed, that nuns editors, even those who enjoyed good reputations in their respective neighborhoods as printers, entertained very crude ideas as to the general business principles and the practical workings of our art throughout the State; hence that meeting partook largely of the nature of an 'experience meeting,' a sort of 'Methodist lovefeast,' whereby great benefit was derived. At that meeting also a graded scale of rates for advertising and other business was agreed upon; and, we think we do not over-estimate the importance of the work there put in motion, when we say it resulted in building up and firmly establishing many weak papers upon a solid foundation, and gave new energy as well .is ideas to the thoughtful editor. Since then, our influence has been greatly strengthened, and our organization has been placed upon a sure and permanent basis; and, however indifferent a few of our friends may appear to organized effort and co-operative action, in matters of interest to the profession, the fact is none the less clear that we have 'lengthened our cords and strengthened our stakes.' At that time, also, many of our leading country journals were issued from offices unworthy of the craft, had but small circulation, and not a few very indifferent support. We have since begun to reap the fruit of honest toil in more liberal and just proportions. Better appointments and better machinery surround us in our offices, and the circulation of our journals has doubled and trebled. We have learned LESSONS OF COURTESY and forbearance; and. if, as doctors differ, we do not all see eye to eye, we make fewer displays of bigoted intoler- ance, and strong personal hate. Having put aside, to a large extent, the old idea and practice of acknowledging 'political leadership,' we have as it were entered upon a new era of thought and action — a field where men dare to do right. We discuss principles more, men less, and have acquired sufficient grace to tolerate even political as well as religious differences. We recognize the great brotherhood of the press; and we come together here today, if not all of one sentiment, at least one in purpose — to promote the best interests of the Art Preservative, and cultivate the acquaintance and friendship of one another. We ask no man's shibboleth: but only, as he is a worthy member of the craft! That is the key which unlocks our sympathies, and secures the affection of our hearts. "If the diffusion of letters is at the present time without precedent in the world's history, it is because of the vast improvement in the ART OF PRINTI\'( . and the machinery by which its various offices are executed. These have kept even pace; and. while seemingly we have reached perfection in 'the Art Preservative of all Arts.' still the past admonishes us that we have not yet arrived at the goal. A few years since it was thought a great achievement to strike off a thousand copies per hour; now it is no novelty to see printing presses that will multiply that number by twenty, in the same space of time. As evidence of this, witness the marvelous productions of the press of St. Louis, Chicago, and many other commercial centers of far less note. "Many editors now, by touching keys like those of the piano, produce 'copy' clear and legible as type — doing away with the slow process of the pen, and the production 35 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History of those illegible manuscripts, which, like those of the late Horace Greeley, engendered volumes of profanity in the 'composing room,' and were enough to try the patience of Job and the meekness of Moses. No man can predict where the march of mechanical improvement will end; and what we now need is better minds to give direction and control. "We have entered the new year of the new century as a nation and as a people; and we have no less entered upon a new era of progress in the mental world, in which the rubbish of decayed ideas must melt away before advanced thought. True, wonderful has been our progress in the past quarter of a century, but by the blessing of the Divine Hand, it will be as nothing, compared to the future. The last hundred years have been formative years — years of preparation and discipline. We have now graduated from the schools, and should be ready for the journey — work of life. Let us then, brethren of the Press, prove ourselves more and more worthy of the high position we are called to fill. This we owe to ourselves as men, and to the State as public educators. "Before closing, it may not be out of place to refer briefly to the importance of PREPARED ESSAYS, treating upon subjects of interest to the editorial profession. At our business meeting in Springfield, last winter, a number of valuable subjects were presented and, more or less, thoroughly considered; but I regret to say, as I now remember, only one essay was read on that occasion — and that related to the history of our organization, and came from the pen of our worthy Treasurer. Had papers been prepared upon every subject, the proceedings of that meeting would have been of far more value to editors, in the department of practical experience; hence, we earnestly suggest to you, there is much room for improvement in this direction. I should like to say a few words in regard to FOREIGN ADVERTISEMENTS, and the best methods of popularizing the Country Press, but time will permit only of a mere passing notice, relative to the former. All must admit that the most perplexing thing con- nected with newspaper experience relates to foreign advertisements. The patent-medicine man fastens upon the Press like a nightmare, and it seems almost impossible to shake him off. By one device or another, let the editor be ever so exacting, he apparently cannot avoid the toils of this perpetual fraud. 'Radical diseases need radical cures.' We hope, therefore, the day is close at hand when every member of this Association will deem it a solemn duty to make his terms for this class of patrons cash in advance! "A FEW WORDS PERSONAL, and I am through. It affords me great pleasure, gentlemen, to say to you in behalf of the officers of the Illinois Press Association, that we fully appreciate the honor you conferred upon us one year ago, and we can truly say that we have endeavored to the best of our ability to faithfully discharge the duties en- trusted to our care. For myself I will say further, that I have had large correspondence in regard to various matters of legislation — affecting the public interest in common with that of the press — and, for your worthy Secretary, I am pleased to state that through his own personal exertions he has secured for you one of the grandest trips on this continent — a trip through the beautiful valley of the Missouri, along the grand canyons of Arkansas, to Denver and the silver mines of Colorado — a journey, I am sure, which will be both magnificent and instructive to the appreciative members of this Association. "In the years gone by we have visited various parts of our broad and beautiful country — in the North, South and East — and we have mingled with many cities and peoples. Now we go to the far West, to visit the youngest and among the most pic- turesque of our sister States; to visit her flourishing capital and inspect her vast mineral wealth; to climb her rugged mountains; to ramble in her 'Garden of the Gods' — behold the grand works of nature, and engage in sweet communion with the God of the universe!" 36 Iii incus Newspaper Directory and History Here is a part of the "Annual Address" delivered by H. L. Clay, of the Jacksonville Courier, in which the school of journalism idea is given recognition: As H. L. Clay Saw It In 1877 "We would not be understood by this classification as yielding one atom to General Butler's theory of the 'played-out power of the Press:' for, with all its drawbacks, the Press is ever more than a match for such evil doers as he. In fact, the Press may be said to be the only power 'too many to tackle' by the satanic horde to which he belongs. The metropolitan Tribune mentioned by us is 'a tower of strength in the land,' and the great 'syndicate of independent journals' to which it belongs, has, perhaps, caused greater moral revolution and political reform than were ever before accomplished in so short a time in any country. Nor would we detract from the fair name of the noble order of country dailies, which have echoed the great truths that were handed down from the ponderous proprietaries whose 'stock is not in the market at any price.' Much less would we curtail the liberties of that more numerous class which we have denominated county papers — the acorn from which the tall oaks grow. Collectively, the power of the Press is greater now than ever before in the history of the world. As declared by Mr. Reid, 'the average grade of the profession is growing higher,' and we agree with him; 'there is certainly abundant room tor advancement yet.' Still, that advancement will not be made if we listen to only hymns of praise, and tune our hearts away from the work in hand — that of ever advancing and elevating the standard of journalism by administering the most approved antidotes for the paralytic tendencies. "To do this, it were well to inquire what those tendencies are, and our diagnosis has been made accordingly. And, by the way, since the other professions are made up only of graduates, may we not hope for and see the time when the strictly professional edu- cation of journalists will be in order, so that an exhibit of parchment or a sheepskin will be the sign-manual for the right to administer the moral and mental medicine by him only who possesses a certified editorial conscience? For our part, we say speed the day when the editorial profession can, by process of law, or otherwise, be protected from the 'scalawags' and Waterson's chuckle-heads,' the same as is the legal profession from pettifogeers, or the materia medico from the quacks. We must first away with editorial free-booters if we would start aright in the grand Press reform. If President White of Cornell University' can aid us in this glorious undertaking we should be glad to accept his kind offices. It is true, we have those high up in the journalistic ranks who will insist that the corner-stone of a number-one editor always be laid by the 'devil,' and they cite us to the fact that all the better specimens are erected upon such a foundation. But there would be nothing to stop the 'chief of imps' from dipping his 'braver' deep into the collegiate ink and taking all the 'color' the classics would afford him. The printer's devil needs the scholastic polish, for he too often grows up as he starts, and becomes the very 'devil of an editor.' Hence, his paralyzing influence is exerted over the press, and we need to pull down his stronghold. It is a strange anomaly, however, that while the conscientious and artistic editor stands in full view of the ills which afflict the profession, and clearly understands what remedies to apply to correct them, it is too often the fact that he dares not administer the healing balm lest he cripple, or, perhaps, kill his business; so that this greatest moral engine is practically clogged because it must be manipulated to suit the whims and caprices of the man of business, who must have his wares paraded, handbill style, in the editorial and local columns of the paper, and make it look, in fact, VMbrJ lukc 37 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History the very picture of paralysis, or as jagged in its ornamentation as if the lightning had permeated every column. The metropolitan papers, in their aggrandized attitudes, are exempt from these innovations and serious in-roads upon respectable journalism. They have the rock-rooted foundation by which they may withstand the frowns and anath- emas of the displeased advertiser. 'Stop my paper, sir!' has no terrors for the managers of the mammoth mental motors of the large cities, 'crushing' as these words are to the small fry. The Mentors of the high towers' may with impunity exact their own figures for what they do, and still do it in their own and not in the patron's way. They may take what they please and reject what they please. Their rich proprietors may turn up their noses in very scorn at the ingenious advances of the advance agents. They may show the door to the fertile and versatile gents who glory in quadruple aggregations of quadrupeds, and emblazon their world's wonders in columns 'four abreast.' With equal facility the great newspaper Vanderbilts may snap their mobilized fingers at advertisers, from the lowest to the highest degree, saying their million or more readers may go in ignorance of Pacific railroad projects, of the great cure-alls, and of Barnum's next visitation, unless one and the other 'come down' in price to suit the great organ's music. Still, with an eye to large dividends and to participation in the great subsidies, if all stories are true, these high-toned, high-towering, high-priced papers 'come down' to the Tom Scotts, and, 'as the truth leaks out,' the power of these is paralyzed, and the evil effects flow down the stream of journalism and measurably taint them all. The same influences operate with all classes, and the 'puff' for a free lunch, a free ticket, or for ten or twenty cents a line, is only a part of the ascending scale of rates until it reaches up to one of Forney's fat fees, or one of 'Boss' Tweed's sugar plums. The principle thus leading to moral prostitution is the same, and is as reprehensible in the highest as it is in the lowest order of papers." No meeting was held. The membership roll totaled 179 names for the year. Dues were returned and the officers were held over by action of the executive committee.'' Third Special Session. The third special session of the Association was held at Springfield, February 5, 6, 7, 1879. The meeting was called to order on Wednesday evening, February 5, by President Cadet Taylor of the Wenona Index in the House of Representatives. The address of welcome was delivered by the Honorable George H. Harlow, Secre- tary of State, and President Taylor made the response. The Treasurer, J. W. Clinton, of the Polo Press, gave a report of the funds collected and disbursed on account of the excursion to Colorado in June, 1877, showing how $3,002.75 was received and paid out; also on account of the general expenses of the Association for the year 1877, amounting to $287, leaving $62.65 in the treasury. On motion the dues for 1878 were remitted because no session was held in that year. President Taylor announced the following committees: On Job Printing Specimens — J. W. Clinton, Polo Press; S. W. Grubb, Galesburg Republican-Register; George M. Tatham, Greenville Advocate. consuming trip to Colorado, left the editors •The t wo meet ir igs of the pn ■vio ncl udii >B t he ene rgy ar h the ft clir IB that the, could n take fo oth. on in 1878 tht ,u 6 h a effort W.1! ; m ide 10 bi ins the body rogethi Illinois Newspaper Directory and History To Suggest Amendments to Constitution and By-Laws — M. F. Leland, Bloomington Leader; Charles Holt, Kankakee Gazette; Oliver White, Moline Dispatch. On Resolutions — William Cullen, Ottawa Republican; C. H. Whittaker, Macomb Eagle; T. O. Johnston, Oregon Reporter. On Legal Advertising — George Scroggs, Champaign Gazette; E. A. Snivel)', Spring- field and Carlinville; X. E. Stevens, Paxton Record. To summarize Discussion on Amateur Printing — Colonel D. Hapeman, Ottawa Free Trader; George L. Harl, Metamora Sentinel; L. F. Watson, Watseka. Republican. To Summarize Discussion on Local and General Advertising — C. M. Eames, Jack- sonville Journal; E. H. Phelps, Toulon Herald; W. R. Jewell, Danville News. The report of the Secretary, C. B. Bostwick, of the Mattoon Gazette, revealed the fact that in 1877 forty-seven new members were admitted, bringing the membership roll to a total of 18 0. Other indications of progress cited were the representatives of the Association in the Legislature, assuring the requests of the Association a readier hearing, and the prompt declarations of the Association upon the abuse of railroad passes. The first topic for discussion, "Amateur Printing," was introduced bv a paper bv Colonel W. H. Haskell, of the Amboy Journal. At the conclusion of his paper, Colonel Haskell offered the following resolution: "Resoh ed, That this Association deems it a duty of dealers in printing materials to co-operate with the legitimate press, in its efforts to abolish the amateur printing interest." 1 " A lively discussion followed; L. V. Taft, of the Salem Advocate; O. S. Reed, of the Edwardsville Republican, and others upheld Colonel Haskell in his views; M. R. Magic, of Sangamon; and E. A. Snively, of Carlinville, were in favor of "free trade" and opposed the measure. Colonel Haskell then moved that all the resolutions as to amateur printing be re- ferred to a special committee of five, which motion was adopted. The chair named the following: Colonel W. H. Haskell, Amboy Journal; L. V. Taft, Salem Advocate; |. W. Fletcher, Centralia Sentinel; L. C. Bruce, Washburn News; and E. D. Conley, Wilming- ton Advocate. This committee subsequently submitted the following report which was adopted: "1. We do not deem it advisable to ask legislative protection. "2. That we endorse the action of the late (recent) Type Founders convention in Cleveland in deprecating sales to amateur printers who work for pav, and we confidentlv look to them as possessing the power to rid the regular craft of such unskilled compe- tition. "3. That we regard it as justifiable self-protection and for the true interest of the whole people that we trade only with founders, dealers and auxiliary publishers who encourage the regular printer, and will not knowingly aid amateur printing for pav. "4. That we invite co-operation of all members of the craft, individually or in organization." E. B. Buck, of the Charleston Courier, oflercd the following resolution which was adopted by unanimous vote: "Resoh ed, That the Secretary of this Association be instructed to correspond with the officers of the press associations of the different states, in regard to taking some action toward inducing founders to adopt a uniform standard of tvpe, in both body and height. "f il u,e "1 In.- present point systetT 39 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History C. M. Eames, of the Jacksonville Journal, offered a resolution asking the appoint- ment of a committee to prepare a memorial to the Legislature, condemning the practice pursued by the State Institution for Deaf Mutes, at Jacksonville, of going out and soliciting job printing, on the ground that institutions, maintained by the State, ought not to enter into competition with tax-paying and wage-paying business men. On motion, the resolution was referred to the Committee on Memorial to the Legislature, of which Mr. E. A. Snively was chairman. E. B. Buck, of the Charleston Courier, in speaking upon this resolution or memorial, said there was quite a number of lawyers among the members of the Legislature, but that lawyers were no more honest than editors, in fact, not so honest. They were con- tinually shaping legislation so as to put fees into their own pockets, and as the lawyer influence has, too often, had the predominance in our General Assemblies, other interests have been relegated to a second place. He believed the State legislature should pass some law which would give just protection to the printing associations, and thought some action, as set forth in the resolution, should be taken by this body, looking to that end. This measure should meet the favorable consideration of this meeting, and a memorial be drawn up and presented to the legislature. Mrs. M. DeGreer and Mrs. C. V. Waite of the Crusader Chicago, presented a resolution which was adopted, that female members have the privilege of taking a husband or son on the press pleasure excursions. The next topic taken up was "Local* vs. General Advertising." A paper by Fred L. Alles of the Pontiac Sentinel who was absent, was read. William Cullen of the Ottawa Republican; L. V. Taft of the Salem Advocate; and W. H. Haskell of the Amboy Journal took part in the discussion, while R. Lespinasse, of the Chicago Agri- cultural and Family Gazette, presented some very interesting facts and statistics. The committee to summarize the discussion presented the following points: "1. Locals should command higher rates than displayed 'ads,' being secured by greater, and in one sense, more humiliating labor, and being generally fresher and occupy- ing a special place. "2. Reading matter 'ads' should be inserted at rates uniform to home and foreign patrons. "3. There should be established rates for both these classes of 'ads' subject, however, to reasonable rebate to benevolent or religious societies, or to those known by the pub- lishers to be unable, profitably to themselves, to pay such fixed rates. "4. Displayed 'ads,' being essential to the success of a newspaper and as advan- tageous to the advertiser as locals, there should be a discrimination in the rates of locals in favor of those patrons running standing 'ads' and against those who do not. "5. Local 'ads' and local news items should never be mixed in the 'make-up.' — C. M. Eames, W. R. Jewell, E. H. Phelps, Committee." A resolution introduced by Joe P. Robarts, of the Murphysboro Era, to the effect that a member who retires from the newspaper business or ceases to be qualified, no longer be an active member of the Association and may be elected an honorary member. The resolution was discussed and passed. Paul Selby, Esq., of the State Journal, was introduced by the President and delivered an address, "A Quarter of a Century of Journalism." He stated that the progress made by the press of Illinois within the past quarter of a century was second to that of no other state, either in growth of number, circulation, elevation of standard, or increase of influence. Illinois Newspaper Direi ioky and History The Honorable John II. Oberly, <>f the Cairo Bulletin, read a paper entitled, "The Newspaper and Popular Opinion." The following report submitted by E. A. Snively, of the Committee on Legislation for the benefit of the Press, was received and the committee discharged. "Your committee upon legislation for the benefit of the press, have examined the matter, and beg leave to report: There is now in the House of Representatives a bill, (H.B. No. 66) providing for the publication of a semi-annual statement from each and every officer who receives and disburses public money. Your committee have every confidence that by the unanimous work of the members of the Association, this bill can be enacted into a law, and that thereby thousands of dollars can be saved to the people. Your committee recommend that earnest effort be made to have this bill passed, and suggest that members of the association personally urge upon the members of the Senate and House, from their respective districts, the necessity of such a law. Also, that they use their influence with prominent men at home, to write to senators and representatives in favor of the passage of this law." Recurring to the regular topic for discussion, "Job Printing," an essay was read by E. B. Buck, of the Charleston Courier. L. V. Taft, of the Salem Advocate, stated that he had found it impossible to fix standard prices for job work, and advanced the opinion that the matter is best left to the rule of supply and demand. Attention was called to the fact that the resolution of the executive committee, providing for an exchange of job specimens, also contemplated an exchange of news- papers, and the following special committee was appointed to receive and distribute samples of newspapers at the next meeting: S. C. Bruce, Washburn News; L. 1 . Watson, Watseka Republican; and W. R. Jewell, Danville News. The chair appointed the following committee on Legal Advertising: E. A. Snively, Carlinville Enquirer; George Scroggs, Champaign Gazette; Charles Bent, Morrison Sentinel; M. F. Leland, Bloomington Leader; Charles Holt, Kankakee Gazette; N. E. Stevens, Paxton Record; William Cullen, Ottawa Republican; M. H. Peters, Watseka Times; W. L. Glessner, Clinton Register; L. V. Taft, Salem Advocate; C. H. \\ hittaker, Macomb Eagle; J. R. Marshall, Yorkville Record; and H. L. Clay, Jacksonville Courier. R. Lespinasse, of the Chicago Agricultural Gazette, offered the following resolution, which was adopted: "Resolved, That the Illinois Press Association appoint a committee to confer with the press associations and publishers of the Northwest, with a view to the organization of a 'Mutual Protective Association' of the printers and publishers of the Northwest, with headquarters at Chicago." Pursuant to this resolution, the following committee was appointed: R. Lespinasse. Chicago Agricultural Gazette; Spencer Ellsworth, Lacon Home Journal; Joe P. Robarts, Murphysboro Era; H. E. Partridge, Waukegan Gazette; and D. Hapeman, Ottawa free Trader. The Committee on Job Specimens reported that they had received 39 sets of speci- mens from 3 5 different offices that complied with the specifications, and that they had received five lots that did not come within specifications and which they were holding subject to the order of the parties furnishing them. They suggested that the secretary renew the request for specimens as even the limited response had, in their opinion, dem- onstrated the practicability of the plan proposed. The report was received and the same committee, consisting of J. W. Clinton, of the Ogle County Press; S. W. Grubb, of the Galesburg Republican-Register; and G. M. Tatham, of the Greenville Advocate, was continued. The obituary of John W. Merritt, first president of the Association, was read. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History During the session the members of the Association visited Memorial Hall, called on the Governor in a body in his rooms in the Capitol, and were entertained by him at a reception at the Executive Mansion. The Illinois Press Association met for the Fourteenth Annual Session at the Tremont House, in Chicago, June 17 and 18, 1 8 7 9 . :: ' Sixty-five members responded to the roll call and a large number of others arrived before the first session had adjourned. Presi- dent Cadet Taylor of the Wenona Index called the meeting to order. Judge J. B. Bradwell of the Chicago Legal News offered the address of welcome on behalf of the press and citizens of Chicago. President Taylor responded. The Secretary reported that membership had increased more than seventy during the year. This fact together with the recognition given the members of the Association in public position such as membership in the Legislature, were subjects for congratu- lation and encouragement. E. A. Snively, then of the Carlinville Herald, read an essay on topics of interest to the members of the Association entitled, "Good of the Order." The officers elected for the year were: President, E. A. Snively, of the Carlinville Herald; Vice Presidents, S. W. Grubb, Galesburg Republican-Register; Mrs. Myra Bradwell, Chicago Legal News; and Charles Holt, Kankakee Gazette; Secretary, C. B. Bostwick, Mattoon Gazette; Treasurer, J. W. Clinton, Ogle County Press; Executive Committee, the three junior ex-presidents, S. P. Rounds, Printer's Cabinet; J. W. Bailey, Princeton Republican; and Cadet Taylor, Wenona Index. General Martin Beem spoke of the movement being made to erect a monument over the unmarked grave of that able journalist and martyr to his principles, Elijah P. Lovejoy, who was shot by a mob at Alton on the night of November 7, 18 37. Pursuant to motion the chair appointed the following gentlemen a committee to enlist the interest of the press of the State in the work: J. W. Bailey, Princeton Republican; George H. Llarlow, Springfield, representative of the Chicago Inter-Ocean; W. T. Dowdall, Peoria Democrat; W. H. Haskell, Amboy Journal; E. B. Buck, Charleston Courier; H. L. Boies, Sycamore True Republican. A resolution by Mr. Snively was adopted to the effect that the Association commend President Hayes for the compliment he paid the country press of Illinois in the selection of the Honorable George Scroggs as Consul to Hamburg. The Honorable M. B. Castle of the Sandwich Argus gave the annual oration. "The Coming Man," a combination address-and-poem was read by Mrs. Elizabeth Boynton Harbert of the Chicago Inter Ocean. 1880 Fourth Special Session. The fourth special session was convened on the 19th and 20th of February, 18 80 at the Grand Pacific Hotel, Chicago. About sixty members were present at the opening session which was called to order by President E. A. Snively, of the Carlinville Enquirer, in the club room of the hotel. The President read his opening address. On motion the following Committee was appointed to consider and report what action should be taken by the Association to memorialize Congress on the subject of a reduction of the duty on paper and the chemicals that are used in its manufacture: J. W. Bailey of the Princeton Republican; J. R. Marshall of the Yorkville Record; O. B. I Ik Press Club of Chicago was organised this same v,.r on suggestion of Mark Tsva.n. Franc W.lkie of the old < hicago Times was the first president. 42 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Knickerbocker of the Aurora Beacon; C. F. Bouton of the Jonesboro Gazette, and W. L. Glessner of the Clinton Register. Resolutions were submitted by R. Lespinasse, of the Chicago Agricultural Gazette, that a committee of five be appointed to use all means in their power by going to Wash- ington and other ways to secure either the repeal of the duty on printing paper or chemicals used in its manufacture or any other relief measure they might deem necessary; that the Association defray their expenses; and that the secretary send a copy of these resolutions together with an invitation to all the editorial associations of the northwest to appoint committees of the same nature to act with this committee. These resolutions were referred to the Committee on paper already named. Charles H. Whittaker, of the Macomb Eagle, read a paper on the "Business End of a Printing Office." Mrs. Elizabeth Boynton Harbert of the Inter Ocean made a plea that the press of the state give consideration to the question of women voting on school questions. The second session was held in the room of the Appellate Court. \V. J. Mize, of the Sullivan Progress, presented a paper on displayed advertisements making a plea for the elimination of ungainly cuts, unsightly patent-medicine advertising and other disagree- able, scarcely respectable advertisements. Mr. George Smythe, of the Cambridge Chronicle, and Secretary C. B. Bostwick, of the Mattoon Gazette, were both doubtful as to whether or not the proposed reform would either pay or be well received by ad- vertisers. Mr. S. Y. Thornton, of the Canton Ledger, and others favored a measure of reform and only a moderate display. "How Should the Local Department of a Country Newspaper Be Conducted?" was the topic of a paper read by Arthur Holt, of the Kankakee Gazette. A number of members then expresed opinions as to whether or not it was well to mix local news and local advertisements. Of the eleven members taking part in the discussion six believed in mixing locals with advertisements and five believed it better to separate them. E. H. Talbot of the Railway Age by invitation, made some remarks on the "ill odor" into which some publishers and editors had fallen by reason of misuse of railroad passes. H. A. Coolidge of the Litchfield Democrat said it was well understood by the Association that few acts would secure a member's expulsion quicker than any such fraud. He said that the Association had no sympathy with the perpetrators whatever. The Association took action on the repeal of duty on paper in a memorial to Congress and resolutions to endorse the efforts of Congressmen Fort and Buckner to secure a reduction of the duty on paper and the chemicals used in its manufacture, and the bill of the Honorable William M. Springer for an estoppel of the practice of the Government of furnishing printed stationery to the people. It was further recommended by the committee that each member of the Association write personally to his member of Congress, urging the adoption of the measures set forth. The annual address was given by George C. Smythe of the Cambridge Chronicle. After considerable discussion of his remarks a motion was adopted authorizing the Executive Committee to take charge of the interests of country newspaper publishers before the next legislature and provide for a suitable committee to remain in Springfield such time as might be required for that purpose — all proper and necessary expenses to be borne by the Association. An essay on country correspondence was given by E. H. Phelps of the Toulon Herald, in which he stressed the value of having a reporter in every village in the county. •Moved from ih,- hotel Jul' room »h.vh ni uncomfortablj cold, 43 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History He said that women usually made better correspondents than men, and that he found it wise to have each news letter signed by the correspondent. He quoted letters from J. W. Bailey of the Bureau County Republican; Fred L. Alles of the Pontiac Sentinel; and E. AT Snively of the Macoupin County Enquirer. This practical essay was a new type of paper in the records of the Association, and its value was emphasized by Judge J. B. Bradwell of the Chicago Legal News. The topic, "Special Departments in Local Papers," was opened by the Honorable J. R. Marshall of the Yorkville Record, in the absence of S. W. Grubb of the Galesburg Republican-Register, who was to have presented a paper on the subject. Mrs. E. B. Harbert of the Inter Ocean urged that a department be made in papers for the treat- ment of cooking and women's dress. J. R. Marshall of the Yorkville Record endorsed her suggestion. The committee on Job Specimens through W. L. Glessner of the Clinton Register reported only one or two additional job samples submitted but furnished a set of speci- mens sent in to former meetings to all who desired them. On motion the committee was discharged. H. P. Larson until recently of the Oregon Courier, read an essay on "Edi- torial Conduct of a Country Newspaper." The Legislative Committee already referred to was provided for in the following resolution offered by E. H. Phelps of the Toulon Herald: "Resolved, That a committee of five shall be appointed, of which the President shall be one, to whom shall be committed all matters of legislation, in which the press of the State shall be interested, and that the Executive Committee shall be authorized to defray the expenses of said committee." The Honorable Zebina Eastman was unanimously elected to honorary membership. He was the oldest practical printer-editor in Chicago, his service dating from 1836. El B. Fletcher of the Morris Herald gave notice of a proposal to amend the Con- stitution so that the annual meetings shall be held bet wen the 1st day of January and the 1st day of March of each year. On July 6, 1880, the fifteenth annual meeting of the Association was held at the Palmer House, Chicago. President E. A. Snively of the Carlinville Enquirer called the members to order in a morning session in the Club Room. After roll call by the Secre- tary the President delivered his annual address. The constitution was amended, at the proposal of E. B. Fletcher of the Morris Herald so as to read that the annual meetings should be held between the first week in January and the first week in March. J. B. Bradwell of the Chicago Legal News moved that the resignations of the present officers be not accepted and re-election followed of: President, E. A. Snively, Carlinville Enquirer; Vice Presidents, Mrs. Myra Bradwell, Chicago Legal News; S. W. Grubb, Galesburg Republican-Register; Secretary, C. B. Bostwick, Mattoon Gazette; Treasurer, J. W. Clinton, Ogle County Press. The committee on Secretary's salary recommended that the Association pay the secretary $5 0. Judge J. B. Bradwell of the Chicago Legal News proposed as an amend- ment that the sum be made $100 a year, and after considerable debate the amendment was adopted. The excursion this year was made to Ashland on Lake Superior. The invitation of General Manager F. N. Finney of the Wisconsin Central Railroad to make this trip had been extended to the Association through E. H. Talbott, editor of the Railway Age, in the fourth special meeting. 44 Ii linois Newspaper Directory and History Fifth Special Meeting. The fifth winter meeting was held in the Supreme Court rooms at Springfield on February 15, 16, and 17, 1881. About fifty were present. The President, E. A. Snively of the Carlinville Enquirer, delivered his address, and the Hon- orable M. B. Castle of the Sandwich Argus, read a paper on "The Dignity of Journal- ism." Other essays read were, "The Press as a Local Historian" by Fordyce C. Clark of the Greenville Sun, and "Fiduciary Officers and the People" by W. G. Randall of the El Paso Journal. Mr. Randall stated emphatically: "Every argument is in favor of a public statement of accounts in a newspaper from officers holding in charge public funds, and every reason dictates that fiduciary officers will be more what they should be when their accounts shall be submitted to a steady and searching public examination and escape from public detection shall be made next to impossible." On motion of E. H. Phelps of the Toulon Herald, twenty minutes were devoted to the discussion of the spelling reform. A recess was taken to hear a Mrs. Hibben of Peoria, who, in behalf of the Ladies Christian Union, urged the members of the Illinois Press to use their influence to secure the passage of the Hinds bill. W. M. Kennedy of the Dixon Sun, read an interesting and suggestive paper on the subject, "Advertising — Its Relation to the Country Newspaper — How to Secure It — How to Hold It." The salary of the Secretary was placed at $50 a year by resolution, although the incumbent Secretary was to be paid $100 according to the resolution which was adopted in June, 18 80. Officers elected were: President, Charles Holt of the Kankakee Gazette; Vice Presidents, Mrs. C. B. Bostwick of the Mattoon Gazette; Captain F. Y. Hedley of the Bunker Hill Gazette; George V. Harper of the Robinson Argus; Secretary, Fred L. Alles of the Pontiac Sentinel; Treasurer, George M. Tatham of the Greenville Advocate; Executive Committee, J. W. Bailey of the Princeton Republican. Cadet Taylor of the Wenona Index, and E. A. Snively of the Carlinville Enquirer. J. \\\ (Phocion) Howard of the Vermilion County Press delivered xn address on Bohemian Journalism. On Wednesday evening, February 16, the members of the Association and a large number of visitors assembled in the Supreme Court room for memorial services for the late David L. Phillips, and the late George Scroggs. E. A. Snively, Macoupin Countv Enquirer, presided. The Honorable Paul Selbv delivered an address on David L. Phillips who had been his associate on the Illinois State Journal. M. W. Mathews of the Urbana Herald gave the memorial to George Scroggs who had been editor of the Champaign Gazette. Further tributes were paid in impromptu speeches, music was furnished by a choir, and a benediction was pronounced by the Reverend J. W. Crane. The sixteenth annual meeting was held in Chicago, July 20, and was followed bv an excursion to Milwaukee and Manitowoc, Wisconsin. One hundred members were in attendance. The Association was called to order at 10 o'clock Wednesday morning by President Charles Holt of the Kankakee Gazette. The address of welcome was given by \\ . K. Sullivan, managing editor of the Chicago Evening Journal. President Holt responded, declaring the affection of the state for the City of Chicago and commenting on the common purposes of the Illinois Press Association and the Chicago Press Club. 45 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "We are a band of brothers," he said in conclusion, "and a spirit of fraternity ought to unite us. On this occasion let us give politics to the dogs, leave professional differ- ences to the sanctums, and business rivalries in the accounting room, and, joining hands, let us all have a good time individually and collectively." A resolution expressing gratitude at the recovery of the President of the United States (which seemed certain at the time), was passed by unanimous vote. M. B. Castle of the Sandwich Argus gave an entertaining address on summer excursions. Miscellaneous business occupied the rest of the morning session. A part of the afternoon was given over to an outing at Jockey's Park. The trip to the park was made on street cars at the expense of the street car company and the entertainment at the park was provided by the type founders. The formal part of the afternoon program consisted of the recitation of two poems by a Miss Bobett of Pitts- field and an exhortation on the noble mission of the country press by Mrs. Harbert of the Chicago Inter Ocean. Mrs. Harbert, on request of the gathering, recited "The One-Hoss Shay." In the evening the members attended the play at the Grand Opera House as guests of the management. Tuesday morning the party repaired to the Goodrich docks at the foot of Michigan avenue by omnibus and there took a company steamer to Milwaukee and Manitowoc. At Milwaukee the party was given a brief trip about the city and at Manitowoc an opportunity for visiting and fishing was arranged. The return trip was made during the night and the party reached Chicago on Friday morning. This con- cluded the excursion and meeting and as the Chicago papers observed, the members proceeded to "distribute themselves." 1882 The seventeenth annual meeting was held February 16, 17, 18, 18 82, at Springfield and was called to order on Wednesday evening, February 16, by President Charles Holt in the Senate Chamber of the Capitol. E. A. Snively, for Springfield, :: ' delivered the address of welcome praising the press and the City of Springfield. M. B. Castle of the Sandwich Argus responded. President Holt then delivered his presidential address. In it he emphasized the social benefits of the press organization. Toward the close he said: ". . . let me congratulate you on the prosperity of our Association. Never was its membership confined more closely to those who are entitled to compose it and never were its prospects more encouraging. ... It is truly worthy of our best efforts to improve and perpetuate." The Thursday morning session was opened with the seating of members and the annual address by C. B. Bostwick of the Mattoon Gazette on "The Press, a Great Factor in Political History." J. J. Anderson of the Nashville Democrat then presented a paper on "The Law of Libel and Its Relation to the Press." A report on reform in spelling was received from a committee appointed at the previous convention. On motion a committee was appointed to investigate the possible revision of libel laws. It consisted of J. J. Anderson of the Nashville Democrat; M. W. Mathews of the Urbana Herald; J. B. Bradwell of the Chicago Legal News; H. W. Clendenin of the Springfield State Register; E. B. Buck of the Kankakee Herald. An invitation to a banquet tendered by the citizens of Springfield was accepted with thanks. •Snively had talcn a political appointment in Springfield and was making his residence the: 46 Illinois Newspaper I)iki< ioky and History At the Thursday afternoon session Mr. Bostwick presided. A paper prepared by Franc B. Wilkie of the Chicago Times on "American vs. European Journalism" was read by Mr. Castle because of the unavoidable absence of Mr. Wilkie. A notice that the President of the United States favored the appointment of S. P. Rounds as Public Printer for the United States government was received with favor and a resolution commending the choice was passed. On motion the thanks of the Association were voted to Mr. Snively for his efficient work during the recent meeting of the Legislature in the interests of the newspaper fraternity. George W. Cyrus of the Camp Point Journal read a paper on "My Experiences with a Country Newspaper." Following adjournment of the afternoon session the members gathered at the Press Club to discuss formation of an organization among the members of the newspaper fraternity for relief of needy widows and orphans of deceased news- paper men. A committee of three was named to bring the matter before the Association. In the evening T. W. S. Kidd of Springfield delivered an address on "Lawyer Lincoln, by the Crier of the Court." On the Friday morning program were the following: The annual poem by Mrs. Elizabeth Boynton Harbert of the Chicago Inter Ocean; "Country Correspondents, How Best to Secure and Retain Them" by John W. Bailey of the Princeton Republican; "How to Make Money in a Newspaper Office" by R. M. Woods of the Joliet Republic; "An Illinois Editor in Wisconsin and Missouri" by C. E. Crandall of the Chicago West End Advocate. A report on the family benefit matter was referred back to the committee for further consideration and report at the next annual meeting. The Secretary's report showed the following comparative statements on membership compiled from available records: 1873 94 1 880 rules adopted limiting membership 1874 1(4 and excluding excursion joy riders — 1875 139 105 1878 179 1881 155 1879 219 1882 143 New officers elected were: President, C. B. Bostwick of the Mattoon Gazette; 1 irst Vice President, J. J. Anderson of the Nashville Democrat; Second Vice President, C. H. Whittaker of the Macomb Eagle; Third Vice President, Elizabeth Bovnton Harbert of the Chicago Inter Ocean; Secretary, Fred L. Alles of the Pontiac Sentinel; Treasurer, G. M. Tatham of the Greenville Advocate; Members of the Executive Committee: Charles Holt of the Kankakee Gazette, Cadet Taylor of the Wenona Index, E. A. Snively of the Carlinville Enquirer. A tour of the city by street car was the next item on the program. Then came the banquet at nine o'clock in the dining room of the Leland Hotel. Two hundred persons were present. R. D. Lawrence of the Board of Trade was toastmaster. The speakers were: President Charles Holt; the Honorable Alfred Orendorf of Springfield, represent- ing Mayor McCreery; Cadet Taylor; Governor Cullom; Charles Crandall; and M. B. Castle. Summer Excursion of ISS2. The summer meeting and outing of the Association started with a gathering in Chicago, July 2 5. At noon on that day seventy-six men and women, two boys and one baby entrained for Salt Lake City on a Rock Island train in special Pullman cars. The route took them through Nebraska, Wyoming, Utah, Colo- rado, and other states and covered a total of 4,000 miles. The party reached Chicago 47 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History on the return trip on Tuesday morning, August 8, after an absence of two weeks. During the trip visits were made to ten cities, the longest stop being made in Salt Lake City. A resolution was passed commending the national government on the appointment of Cadet Taylor, a past president, to a position in the government bureau of public printing. The usual expression of appreciation was voiced for the companies, officials and citizens who helped make the trip a pleasant and profitable venture. The Iroquois Times later published a souvenir booklet of 64 pages detailing the happenings on the trip. The eighteenth annual meeting of the Illinois Press Association was held at the Palmer House, Chicago, on February 14, 15, and 16, 188 3. The meeting was called to order by E. A. Snively of the Carlinville Enquirer, Chairman of the Executive Com- mittee, the President and all of the Vice Presidents being absent. In the absence of President C. B. Bostwick of the Mattoon Gazette, his address was read by the Reverend J. W. Crane of Nokomis. Elizabeth Boynton Harbert of the Chicago Inter Ocean read a paper on "The Ideal Journal." W. J. Mize of the Sullivan Progress spoke on "Does Canvassing Pay?" H. E. Partridge of the Waukegan Gazette read an essay on "The Relation of Poetry to the Waste-Basket." The annual address was given by M. W. Mathews of the Urbana Herald on "The Coming Country Editor." E. B. Buck of the Kankakee Herald read a paper on "The Apprenticeship System." Clara Lyon Peters of the Watseka Times presented her views upon "Women in Journalism." William Boll of the Greenville Sun spoke on the following topic: "Country Cor- respondence Absolutely Necessary to Newspaper Success." E. B. Buck, Kankakee, read a paper of L. C. Glessner, Carlinville Enquirer, who was absent, on "One Thing Not to Do" — this admonition was "Not to aid in building up the city press at the expense of your publications." Some discussion was held on the subject, a majority of the mem- bers agreeing that the announcements of the cheap city weeklies should be inserted only upon the payment of full advertising rates, and one or two members went farther and insisted that they should not be inserted even if paid for. The prices to be charged for foreign advertising were also incidentally brought up and discussed, the general tenor of the remarks being that we charge too little for our outside advertising compared with the prices paid by home advertising. Charles Holt of the Kankakee Gazette, the oldest member of the Association, read an address on "Fifty Years of Journalism." Charles E. Crandall of the Chicago West End Advocate told the Association "How to Run a Chicago Newspaper." The Secretary reported a total membership of 172 members. The Treasurer reported a balance on hand of $175.87. The officers elected were: President, J. W. Clinton, Polo Press; Vice Presidents, Eliza Bowman, Chicago Home Visitor; M. B. Castle, Sandwich Argus; Curt Heinfelden, Belleville Zeitung; Secretary, Fred L. Alles, Pontiac Sentinel; Treasurer, George M. Tatham, Greenville Advocate; Executive Committee, C. B. Bostwick, Mattoon Gazette; Charles Holt, Kankakee Gazette; W. M. Kennedy, Dixon Sun. H. A. Coolidge, Litch- field Monitor, Chairman of the Permanent Committee on Spelling Reform, made a report, stating that the committee favored a change in spelling, the first step recom- mended being in relation to vowels in impure diphthongs. A discussion was held on apprentices, and on the question of using co-operative sheets. 48 Illinois Newspaper I)iki< iory and History 1884 The nineteenth annual meeting of the Illinois Press Association was held in Busey's Hall at Urbana, January 30, 31, and February 1, 18 84. The assembly of about 70 members, many of them accompanied by their wives, was called to order by the Presi- dent, J. W. Clinton of the Polo Press. M. W. Mathews of the Urbana Herald gave an address of welcome in behalf of the citizens of Urbana. The Association accepted the invitation of Dr. Peabody, Regent of the Illinois Industrial University," to visit that institution. Looking at the Profession in 1884 In his address President Clinton urged the earnest co-operation of all members toward making the Association a successful organization of serious purpose. Forecasting indirectly the possibility of a school of journalism he said: "Every other profession has its schools where its members are fitted for their duties. So important is this thought to be to protect the people and the members of these professions, that the dentist, veterinary surgeon, druggist, doctor, lawyer, clergyman and teacher must each pass a successful examination, and each is thus protected by law from an inpouring flood of ignorant ami inexperienced practitioners. But over the open gates to the journalistic paradise gleams an alluring ignis fatints flame which beckons the tramps, dead-beats and cranks of all trades and professions under the sun, and welcomes them to a seat on the journalistic tripod where with brazen-faced impudence they may laud themselves and throw mud at their superiors, malign integrity, sneer at virtue, outrage decency, and murder the King's English just as long as they can com- mand sufficient money or credit to meet the weekly expenses of publishing their produc- tions. Public sentiment, if not legal enactment, ought to guard the profession from further demoralization; and this remedy must come largely through your own action. You can aid in creating a healthier public sentiment. While it is perhaps true that hitherto the advance in journalism has been due to the law of the survival of the fittest, it is also true that much survives and flourishes today which, to put it mildly, is a dis- grace to the profession. No doubt all are conscious of this and are anxious that a change take place. Perhaps you are here to learn or to aid some inexperienced brother; that is the central idea of this organization as I understand it." The following papers were read: "Duty of the Press to Town and County," In H. J. Dunlap of the Champaign Gazette; and the "Philistine in Journalism," b\ < 1 Clapp of the Carrollton Patriot. Several amendments to the Constitution were adopted: that of E. A. Snively of the Carlinville Enquirer, which he had offered at the eighteenth meeting to the effect that in Article IV, section 1, the second line be reworded after the word "Committee" to read that the Executive Committee consist of the 3 junior ex-Presidents unless one or more of them be in some manner disqualified, in which case the vacancy be filled by election; T. H. Stokes of the Lincoln Times proposed the amendment to the same article to read after the word "ballot" in the second line so as to provide that a majority of votes cast should be necessary for election; the third amendment was also introduced by E. A. Snively to strike out all of By-Law 9 after the word "except" and add "they shall participate in excursions only upon special invitation of the Executive Committee, and in no case shall the Secretary ask for any railroad passes for them to attend annual or special meetings: provided also that all Honorary members shall pay their annual dues. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History and a failure to do so forfeits their membership." The purpose of this was to eliminate those not bona fide members. W. M. Kennedy of the Dixon Sun read the annual address on "Journalistic Manage- ment and Editorial Duty." C. M. Tinney of the Virginia Gazette read his address on "Should the Laws of the State Be Published in the Weekly Newspaper and Why?" "How to Make Money in a Printing Office," was discussed by Fred L. Alles of the Pontiac Sentinel. H. L. Taylor of the Wenona Index read an essay written by W. T. Davidson of the Lewistown Democrat entitled "Independent Country Journalism." Other papers read were: "How to .Get Six Columns of Matter into Three Columns of Space," by Owen Scott of the Effingham Democrat; "Pioneer Journalism in Illinois," by Dan McKenzie formerly of the Urbana Journal (1866-67); "Early Journalism in Illinois," by J. M. Davidson of the Carthage Republican; Miss Eliza W. Bowman of the Chicago Home Visitor on "Views of European Journalism"; also papers by E. B. Fletcher of the Morris Herald on "Job Printing"; Mrs. C. B. Bostwick of the Mattoon Gazette on "Benevo- lence in Journalism"; Alvin Robinson of the Danville Leader on "The Printer's Devil"; F. B. Mills of the Lincoln Herald on "How to Make an Interesting Newspaper"; Asa Miller of the Tuscola Review on "Impersonal Journalism." E. A. Snively, on behalf of the Association, presented to Fred L. Alles, the retiring Secretary, a gold watch. Papers were read in memory of the late Eugene C. Brockman of the Mount Sterling Message by E. A. Snively of the Carlinville Enquirer; and of the late Henry Louis Clay of the JacksonvilleCourier by Clement L. Clapp of the Carroll- ton Patriot. The Secretary reported a total membership of 190 members. At the previous meet- ing the membership was 172. Since that meeting 13 members had been reinstated upon payment of back dues; 22 new members were admitted; 9 dropped on account of retiring from the newspaper business, of whom 4 were placed upon the Honorary Roll; 2 mem- bers were lost by death; and 10 names were dropped for non-payment of dues. The Treasurer reported a balance of $5 OS. 8 7. The new officers elected were: President, M. W. Mathews, Urbana Herald; Vice Presidents, Clara Lyon Peters, Watseka Times; W. R. Sandham, Wyoming Post; F. C. Clark, Greenville Sun; Secretary, C. L. Clapp, Carrollton Patriot; Treasurer, George M. Tatham, Greenville Advocate; Executive Committee, C. B. Bostwick, Mattoon Gazette; Charles Holt, Kankakee Gazette; J. W. Clinton, Polo Press. Dan McKenzie, formerly of the Urbana Journal, delivered an historical address on "Pioneer Journalism of Illinois." He said: Dan McKenzie as Historian in 1884 "Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Illinois Press Association: I have been requested by your Executive Committee to prepare a paper for this meeting upon the 'Early Journalism' of the state, prior to the year 1835. The extent, scope and informa- tion desired, and length of time allotted me have not been stated. Therefore, that I may not take up too much valuable time, I have briefed this paper and shall speak of but a few of the early journals and their characteristics, as compared with the present. "This is a subject that has a fascination only for those whom you are pleased to designate as 'cranks' upon the early history, or matters and facts pertaining to the early history of Illinois. "To me the files of an old newspaper have a peculiar fascination. In looking over its columns I see mirrored the great events of the past in a more truthful and vivid form than can be portrayed by the pen of the historian. Every detail is given, the Illinois Newspaper Dilutions, and History writer is upon the ground, a witness, often a participator, and always a faithful chronic- ler. In looking over an old newspaper I see the dawn, rise, growth, and progress of some great question which in its day convulsed the state or nation, and in its settlement secured greater liberties to the mass. We read of these events in history, but it often fails to give the causes in detail that operated to bring about these revolutions. We know from history that it did occur. We know from the files of old newspapers, how and why, and the causes that led up to its rise and down to its final settlement. History is but the aggregated acts of individuals. You gentlemen of the press are the real historians of your age. Who in the future will attempt to write the history of the present, without consulting the newspapers of today? It is your province and duty to rescue from oblivion the acts of the individual and mass, pass them infrequently your ideas, collate and arrange them, and will then label it History. "The pioneer press of the state differed from the press of today in just that propor- tion as other institutions of today differ from those of the past. Then there were no railroads, no telegraphs, telephones, ocean cables and steam presses. Nothing but the slow-going stage coach to carry the news. The news from Washington was often three weeks in reaching the west, and from New York and seaboard cities, from four to six weeks. News from Europe was five months old. It is said that the battle of Waterloo was fought and won. Napoleon sent into exile, and the recollection of that great event had begun to fade from the memories of the inhabitants of the old world, before the news reached the great west. News was scarce, the country sparsely settled and no country correspondent at every cross road. Paragraphing was unknown and 'Personal Mention' was never thought of. There was but little money in the west and the editor seemed to get the least of it. Behold the present. How great the change. The editor was then the publisher, compositor, pressman and devil. He frequently called to his aid some lawyer, who assisted him in writing the heavy editorials. Indeed, it was supposed fifty years ago, that none but lawyers and ministers could wield the editorial pen, conse- quently their services were in demand. This delusion resulted in heavy, ponderous editorials, columns in length, which treated of every conceivable subject, abstruse and otherwise, and which often interested the writer but little and reader less. The ministry of the olden time was a fruitful source of copy. Articles emanating from that source were read by two classes — the very devout members of the minister's particular church, and the disputants of a rival church. When two rival ministers got tangled up in a religious controversy, the copy hook was full to overflowing. And yet, strange as it may appear, I have never heard it said or claimed that these religious discussions were pro- ductive of any great amount of piety in the offices through which they passed. The rise and progress of newspapers are governed by the law of supply and demand, very much like all other industries. Great excitement and discussion of moral, religious or political questions, adds more newspapers to the world. It is the shortest and most direct route over which intelligence travels to the people. There are marked epochs in the history of every state or nation. Everyone notes great activity and growth in journalism. "Civilization came to the west from the east and south and with it came the printing press. The first newspaper established west of the Allegheny mountains was at Cincinnati in 1793. Its founder was William Maxwell. It was called the Centinel of the Northwest Territories. The first issue was printed November 9, 1793. In 1796 Edmund Freeman purchased the paper and called it Freeman's Journal. "The first newspaper published in the territory of Indiana, was founded by Elihu Stout, at Vincennes, July 4, 1S04. The material was brought from Kentucky on jack mules. It was called the Western Sun and General Advertizer. The paper has had a continuous existence and is now known as the Western Sun. The second paper estab- n Illinois Newspaper Directory and History lished west of Cincinnati was the Missouri Gazette, founded at St. Louis, by Joseph Charless, July 12, 1808. It, too, has had a continuous existence, and is now the well- known Missouri Republican. "The first newspaper printed in the territory of Illinois, was founded by Mathew Duncan at Kaskaskia, and the first issue was published September 6, 1814. It was named the Illinois Herald. John Reynolds, in his history of Illinois, fixes the date of its first issue as early as 1809, or soon after the passage of the act creating Illinois a separate territory. In this, however, he is mistaken. He wrote much from tradition, and was not at all times absolutely correct in his dates. He, as well as others who have investigated the subject, agree that the first paper published in the territory was called the Illinois Herald, and that it was published at Kaskaskia, and that Mathew Duncan was the pub- lisher. The best evidence is the paper itself. I hold in my hand a copy of the Illinois Herald, No. 32 of Volume 2, printed at Kaskaskia, Thursday morning, April 18, 1816, by Mathew Duncan, 'Printer to the Territory and Publishers of the Laws of the United States.' Presuming that the publication continued regularly from its first issue, then the first issue could not have been made earlier than September 6, 1814. I have searched in vain for reference to it in the files of the Missouri Gazette, its only contemporary in the west, but found no allusion to it prior to 1814. The towns of St. Louis and Kaskaskia were then, as now, connected by water-way; they were the principal cities of the west. There was frequent interchanging of visits between the citizens, of a social and business character, but yet no reference is made to the Herald or its editor and publisher. There- fore I conclude that there is no evidence of the existence of a newspaper in the territory of Illinois, prior to the date above mentioned, except the single unsupported statement of Governor Reynolds. "The Herald was in form, a three-column folio, wide columns. A small space was given to professional cards, and the remainder to the publication of the laws of the United States. The mission of the Herald, if it had any, was to publish the Acts of Congress which affected the territory, and give them a certain validity through pub- lication. Mathew Duncan sold the paper to Daniel P. Cook and Robert Blackwell. The date of sale was August 2 5, 1817. "Mathew Duncan, the pioneer publisher and journalist of Illinois, was born in Bourbon County, Kentucky, and was a brother of Joseph Duncan, who succeeded John Reynolds as Governor of the State. He was a practical printer — that is to say he could set type, make up the forms and work off the paper. "Messrs. Cook and Blackwell changed the name of the paper from the Herald to the Illinois Intelligencer, and increased its form from three to four columns. Daniel P. Cook was the editor. At that time he was an officer under the Territorial government. He was elected to Congress soon after the State was admitted to the Union, and repre- sented his district in that body for several terms. He was an able member and was chairman of the Ways and Means Committee during his last term. He died in 1827. Prior to his election to Congress he sold out his interest in the paper to Elijah C. Berry. The firm of Blackwell & Berry continued the publication of the Intelligencer until in 1820, when Mr. Berry became the sole owner. In the latter year the seat of government was moved from Kaskaskia to Vandalia, and from that time Kaskaskia, with its history of nearly a century and a half, began to decline. During that time it had occupied the proud position of being the seat of French Empire in America. It had witnessed the overthrow of that power by English arms, and in 1778 it yielded to the prowess of a handful of American soldiers led by the gallant George Rogers Clark. Then it became the Territorial capital and in 1818 the capital boasted of a population of 8,000 souls. But its glory has departed. Nothing remains to mark its former greatness but a few Illinois Ni.« si> aim u Directory and History hundred of the descendants of the old French settlers, a few historic buildings, the old church with its old bell that rang out its tirst peals in the Mississippi Valley in 1745, the chimneys, from which the houses have decayed and fallen away, leaving them stand- ing like grim sentinels guarding the past, and pointing back to its former glory. "The second paper established in the state was the Shawnee Chief or Emigrant. It was founded by Henry Eddy, at Shawneetown, in the latter part of August, 1818. According to his diary, which is in the possession of his descendants, Mr. Eddy came to Shawneetown in August, 1818. He formerly published some kind of a periodical at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and started from there with his press and type for St. Louis. The river being low, the boat stuck on a sand bar at Shawneetown. The citizens induced him to start a paper, which he agreed to do. The press and type were taken from the boat, the office 'set up,' and September 5, 1818, the Shawnee Chief was issued. Only a few numbers were printed under that name, when it was changed to the Illinois Emigrant. It has been stated that Singleton H. Kimmell was Mr. Eddy's partner in his first venture in journalism in Illinois; this is a mistake. He was connected with the Emigrant, but it was a number of years after its first establishment. Judge James Hall became connected with the Emigrant as editor, but Mr. Eddy remained the sole owner up until 1829, when Mr. Wilson became a partner and the paper was published by the firm of Eddy & Wilson up to 1836. Judge James Hall severed his connection with the Emigrant and removed to Vandalia where he established the Illinois Magazine which was subsequently moved to Cincinnati where its name was changed to the Western Monthly Magazine. Judge Hall was a Philadelphian by birth; he had served in the war of 1812; he read law in his native city and came west in search of a location to practice. He spent much time in literary work and ultimately achieved more than local fame as an author. Among his writings are: 'Legends of the West,' 'Border Tales,' 'Life of William Henry Harrison,' and others. He was a contributor to the North American Review, the Phila- delphia Port Folio, and Knickerbocker. He removed to Cincinnati in 1836, and there died in 1868. During the convention struggle in 1823-24, the Emigrant did valiant service for the anti-slavery party. "The third paper established in Illinois was the Edwardsville Spectator, founded at Edwardsville, in Madison county, by Hooper Warren, and edited by him and George Churchill. The first issue was made May 23, 1819. In form it was a five-column folio, neatly printed and most ably edited. Few of any newspapers were ever published in the west that wielded a greater influence or were more potent in forming and crystallizing public opinion than the Spectator of sixty years ago. Newspapers are nothing without brains back of them. The great newspapers of the past were simply the mouthpieces of the great men who edited them. To understand what made one newspaper more powerful than another let us learn who and what manner of men edited and directed them. "At the date of the establishment of the Spectator, Illinois was a frontier state. The question then agitating the public mind was the 'Missouri question,' which had for its object the admission of Missouri as a slave state. Out of that question grew the famous Missouri compromise. The question affected in Illinois to that effect that if Missouri became a slave state an effort would be made by the pro-slavery party of Illinois to so change the Constitution of the State as to admit slavery. Be it remembered that a majority of the people in the state in 1820 believed in the right to hold slaves. The greater part of them were born in the southern states, and when they emigrated to Illinois they brought their ideas with them. Mr. Warren in his salutatory avowed his anti-slavery principles and advocated them with all the zeal and energy of which he was capable. He defended the action of the lower house of Congress in amending the bill for the admission of Missouri as a slave state, that the introduction of slavery be pro- 53 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History hibited, etc. His position upon that question called down upon him the wrath of the pro-slavery men; but he insisted and reiterated the fact that the 'system of American slavery was a gigantic and monstrous wrong,' and from that position he never receded. But it was in the convention struggle when the Spectator wielded its greatest influence and was an important factor in the campaign. The election to pass upon the question of holding a convention was set for the fifth of August, 1824. The campaign opened immediately after the passage of the bill over Governor Coles' veto. It reached through a period of eighteen months. Into the canvass was injected a bitterness and malignity which the agitation of slavery question only could produce. The pro-slavery party was beaten at the polls, and then was settled forever the question of the admission of slavery into the free state of Illinois. To that end, the Spectator was by far the largest contributor. "Hooper Warren was a native of New Hampshire, born in 1790. He learned the printer's trade in the office of the Rutland Herald, Vermont. In 1814 he removed to Delaware, and three years later to Kentucky. In 1818 he came west to St. Louis, and worked at the case in the office of the Gazette. In March, 1819, he came to Illinois, and in May, following, founded the Spectator and continued its publication for nearly six years, then sold it to Thomas Lippincott, and went to Cincinnati and there edited the National Crisis. A year later he returned to Edwardsville and re-purchased the Spectator. He removed the type and press to Springfield and there for two years published the Sangamo Spectator. During that time or in 1829, in company with two other gentlemen he established the Galena Advertiser and Upper Mississippi Herald. In 1836, he removed to Chicago and published the Commercial Advertiser, which was the third paper estab- lished in Chicago. In 1850 he published the Bureau Advocate at Princeton, and in 1851 he returned to Chicago, and in company with Z. Eastman, published the Free West, and Western Citizen. He subsequently retired to his farm, and died August 22, 1864. Such in brief is a sketch of Hooper Warren, one of the pioneer publishers of Illinois. He was eminently a man of work as well as thought. He rarely took time to write but standing at the case he composed and set up the thoughts as they came crowding from the brain. He was the advocate and staunch friend of the natural and God-given rights of all men, and hence was the bitter and unrelenting foe of human slavery. George Churchill, the co-worker and partner of Hooper Warren in the first year of the pub- lication of the Spectator, was a native of Hubbardtown, Rutland county, Vermont; born October 11, 1789. As he grew to manhood he imbibed a taste for literary work which induced him to learn the printer's trade. He was an apprentice in the office of the Albany Sentinel, New York. He subsequently worked in printing offices in Phila- delphia, Pittsburgh and Louisville. In June, 1817, he came to St. Louis, and in May, 1819, came to Illinois. He settled in Madison county and remained there until his death in 1872. He was a strong, forcible writer, and in the matter of political information his knowledge surpassed most men. It is proper that I should here make mention of a few of the able writers and contributors to the Spectator and other papers published in Illinois at that time. Among those who were particularly prominent were Edward Coles and Morris Birkbeck. The former was governor of the state from 1822 to 1826, and during the convention struggle was the heart and soul of the pro-slavery party. His pen wrote many columns denouncing and exposing the schemes of the opposition. Morris Birkbeck was a powerful writer. He contributed to the Spectator a series of letters over the lion: de plume of 'Jonathan Freeman' which were widely read and copied. He was an Englishman by birth, had received a classical education, and in 1817 he came to America and settled at Albion, in Edwards county, this state. It is generally conceded that he did more through the aid of his pen to defeat the pro-slavery party than any other man 54 Illinois Newspaper I)iki< ioky and History in Illinois. Among other able contributors were Judge Samuel D. Lockwood, Daniel Blackwell, Daniel P. Cook, Jonathan H. Pugh, Thomas Lippincott, Henry Eddy. Thomas Mather, George Forquer and others. On the convention journals were Elias Kent Kane, Jesse B. Thomas, Theophilus W. Smith, John McLean, Samuel McRoberts, Chief Justice Phillips, Zadoc Casey, Emanuel J. West, William Kinney, John Reynolds, Alex P. Field and others. "The Republican Advocate was established in Kaskaskia in April, 1822. The old Intelligencer, which was a continuation of the Herald, was to some extent a part of the State government. When the removal of the capital to Vandalia took place, the office was divided and a part of the type remained in Kaskaskia. To this Mr. Kane made additions. He needed a newspaper to represent him as he was a conspicuous candidate tor the United States senate, to which position he was elected in 1824. He had but little knowledge of the printing business, but secured the services of Robert K. Fleming, a young man and printer who had recently come to Kaskaskia, and with his aid the paper was set up and printed. The Advocate, as before stated, espoused the cause of the pro- slavery party. After the election of Mr. Kane to the United States senate, he sold the paper to Robert K. Fleming who continued it for a short time, then removed the office to Vandalia and made an attempt to publish a paper there, but meeting with little encouragement, he removed the press and type to Edwardsville and there established the Illinois Corrector. The first issue was made October 14, 1827. It was in form a four- column quarto, the first paper of that form published in the state. The Corrector was not a success financially, and lingered until November 20, 182 8, when publication was suspended and the office and fixtures were removed back to Kaskaskia and there Mr. Fleming published the Recorder. The publication continued until 183 3. In October of that year he carted the material across the country to Belleville, and on the 20th of December, following, issued the first number of the St. Clair Gazette. He subse- quently changed the name to the St. Clair Mercury. "Robert K. Fleming was born in Erie county, Pennsylvania, and learned the printer's trade in Pittsburgh. He came west in 1819, and worked at the case in St. Louis, and from there drifted down to Kaskaskia. He published papers in different parts of southern Illinois in addition to those spoken of. He died in Belleville in 1874. "The part of the office of the Intelligencer of Kaskaskia which was removed to Vandalia in 1822, there took the name of the Vandalia Intelligencer. It was owned and controlled by Edward Coles and Daniel P. Cook, and David Blackwell was the pub- lisher and reputed editor. In 1823 its name was changed to the Illinois Intelligencer, and Blackwell and William Berry became the editors and publishers. It was a Whig and anti-convention paper. "The fifth paper established in the state was called the Star of the West. It was printed at Edwardsville. In August, 1822, a Mr. Miller and son, printers and natives of Pennsylvania, came west seeking a location to establish a printing office. They brought a press and type with them. They stopped in Edwardsville and were there induced by promises of support and patronage, to remain and set up the office. Their arrival was opportune, as an organ of the convention party was needed to counteract the influence of the Spectator. The leaders of the party made arrangements for the raising of neces- sary funds to put the enterprise upon its feet. Theophilus W. Smith was the reputed editor. He had had some journalistic experience in his native state, Xew York. The interest of the contributors was represented by a Mr. Stine. The first issue was made September 14, 1822. The firm of Miller & Stine conducted the publication of the paper for six months when it passed into the hands of J. McGuire & Co. They changed the name to the Illinois Republican, and the first issue under that name was made August 12. 55 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History 182 3. The publication continued until July 2 8, 1824, one week before the election which was to decide the question of the admission of slavery into the state of Illinois. The paper was born with a mission which ended with the defeat of its party. Its sus- pension was sudden and it was never afterwards revived. Mr. Smith, its editor, subse- quently attained to high honors in the State, and was for a number of years on the supreme bench of the State. He was a smooth, plausible writer. His articles were polished and their literary merit was always conceded, but there was a vein of sophistical reasoning running through them that no elegant diction and beautiful metaphor could conceal from the honest seeker after truth. "Among the early newspapers of the state was the Western Sun, established in Belleville by Dr. Joseph Green. The first copy was issued in the latter part of December, 1825. It was a four-column folio, promising a weekly issue, but appearing at such times as was most convenient for its editor and publisher. It is credited with being the first newspaper printed in the present confines of St. Clair county. "In December, 1828, the prospectus of the Pioneer was issued at Rock Spring, the seat of Rock Spring academy. No. 1 of Volume I of the Pioneer appeared April 2 5, 1 829. It was edited by the Reverend John M. Peck, and printed by the Reverend Thomas P. Green assisted by his two sons, who were, as well as Mr. Green, practical printers. The press and material was brought from Cape Girardeau, Missouri. In form, the Pioneer was a five-column folio, and was the first religious paper published in Illinois. In the fall of 1829, the office was sold to Peck, and on the 14th of June, 1830, Ashford Smith took charge of the publication — Peck remaining editor. That arrangement continued until 1836, when the office was removed to Upper Alton and there the paper made its appearance as the Western Pioneer and Baptist Banner. The form was then changed to a six-column folio. Its editor and projector. Reverend John M. Peck, was one of the prominent and remarkable men in the early history of Illinois. He was the most volumi- nous writer in the west. Outside of the ecclesiastical history of the State, he is best known as the author of 'Peck's Gazetteer.' "The Crisis was the name of a paper established in Edwardsville. It made its first appearance April 14, 183 0. Its founder, Samuel S. Brooks, was both editor and publisher. Thirty-four numbers of the paper were issued, when its name was changed to the Illinois Advocate. Eighteen numbers more were published when it passed into the possession of Judge John York Sawyer. The latter gentleman had established the Western Plowboy in Edwardsville, November 1, 183 0. The Advocate and Plowboy were consolidated and published under the name of the Illinois Advocate. Several changes occurred, but Mr. Sawyer retained his interest. In 1832 he was appointed State printer by Governor Duncan, and he removed the material to Vandalia. There the paper was continued under the name of the Illinois Advocate until the death of its owner. Governor Duncan appointed Seth T. Sawyer to continue the State printing for the benefit of the widow of Judge Sawyer. The paper was soon after purchased by William Walters, who had one year before established the State Register and Vandalia Republican. Under the consolida- tion the paper was known as the Illinois Register and People's Advocate. It was removed to Springfield in the fall of 1839, and there has had a continuous existence and is now known as the State Register. The Vandalia Whig was established in 1831. It was really a reproduction of the Illinois Intelligencer which was established by Governor Coles in 1822-23, and of which I have spoken. Its editor and publisher was S. C. Sherman. On the eastern side of the state was the Mt. Carmel Sentinel and Wabash Advocate, estab- lished by Horace Roney in 1834. Edward Baker published the same paper in 183 5 and O. B. Ficklin and Richard Beck in 1836. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "There was much excitement in 1852-33, occasioned by the removal of the deposits, banking question, etc., which brought into existence a number of newspapers. I can only speak of a few of them in this paper. "The Alton Spectator was founded by O. M. Adams and Edward Breath. The first issue was made January 21, 1832. It was the first paper published in Alton. Politically, it advocated the principles of the Whig party. "The Alton Telegraph, for main years the ablest newspaper published in Illinois, if not in the west, was founded by Richard M. Treadwav and Lawson M. Parks, January 15, 1836. It came into existence during the political excitement upon the question of the right of petition, so ably championed by John Quincy Adams. The Telegraph was the western newspaper that stood by Mr. Adams in that contest. It would please me to speak extendedly of John Bailhace and George T. M. Davis, its able editors, but time forbids. "Emigration was gradually pushing northward to the central and western parts of the state. Some few settlements were made on the east side, and wherever any con- siderable number of people had located there soon was published a newspaper to speak for them and their locality. Chicago on the north was looming up and needed a news- paper to speak of its future greatness. In obedience to that demand the Chicago Democrat was established, and the first pacer printed in that city was dated November 26, 1833. John Calhoun was its founder. He continued the publication until in Novem- ber, 1836, when it passed into the possession of John Wentworth and was edited and published by him until July 27, 1861, when it was merged with the Chicago Tribune. Mr. Wentworth made the Democrat the leading Jackson paper in the west, and perhaps in its day it was the most potential journal in the state. "The American was the name of a paper published in Chicago in 1835. It was founded by Thomas O. Davis. It has had a continuous existence and is now the well- known Chicago Journal. "The Advertiser founded by Hooper Warren in 1S36 at Chicago, has already been mentioned. "I shall conclude this paper by giving the names of a few other newspapers founded prior to 1S3 5, and will here state that the dates and names of publishers are taken from old copies of the papers, which I have in my possession. Illinois Patriot, founded by James G. Edwards at Jacksonville, November 19, 1831. Hennepin Journal, founded September 15, 1827. Illinois State Gazette and Jacksonville News, founded by Messrs. Brooks & Pettit. January 2 8, 183 5. Illinois Champion and Peoria Republic, established October 21, 1S35; subsequently changed to the Peoria Register. In 1843 it was edited bv W. H. and S. G. Butler. Beardstown Chronicle and Illinois Military Bounty Land Advertizer, established July 2 9. 183 5, by F. Arenz at Beardstown. Danville Enquirer, founded October 1, 1835, by Messrs. Williams & Bryant, at Danville. Illinois. Quincy Argus, established in August, 1855; published and owned by Kurns & Bassett. and edited by I. N. Morris and J. J. Bradley. Quincy Whig, founded May 24. 1S58, by Bartlett & Sullivan. Illinois Statesman, founded by John Delay at Paris. Illinois, in February, 1S5S. The Bloomington Observer, founded in the spring of 1837 bv J. W. Fell. Rushville Journal and Military Tract Advertizer. Volume I. No. 1. April 24. 1S55; C. W. Davis & Co., publishers. The Test, Volume I, No. 29, December 12, 1858: pub- lished at Rushville. Schuyler county, by R. A. Glenn and T. Lyle Dickey. The White Countv News, founded by John P. Davis at Carmi, in 1855. The Alton Ob- founded bv E. P. Lovejoy, at Alton, and first issue made September 22, 1S56. The fourth press destroyed by a mob, and Lovejoy killed, November 7, 1857." 57 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History This address was followed by one from J. M. Davidson of the Carthage Republican, on "Early Journalism in Illinois." Davidson On Early Press History "Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: Our honored fellow member, Mr. Paul Selby, editor of the State Journal, delivered before this Association at Springfield, some five or six years ago, an address that will be remembered by most of you with pleasure. It was chiefly historical and biographical, embracing, as now remembered, personal and complimentary mention of most of the pioneer editors of Illinois. That address, Mr. President, in a large measure fills the historical requirements of this topic. "My recollection embraces many of the earlier editors mentioned in Colonel Selby's admirable paper, as well as some others whom, manifestly, he had no time to mention, hoping, doubtless, as it is in this instance hoped, others may supply omissions, and thus complete the history of our honored guild in Illinois. "In these recollections are embraced the familiar forms and features of William Walters, who was about the first democratic editor in Illinois to achieve distinction as a writer of ability and as a skillful leader of men. His contemporary antagonist, Simeon Francis — who but a short time ago was still living, in a far distant western state — as editor of the old Sangamo Journal, was the accepted champion, and an able and worthy one, too, of the Whig cause. "Contemporary with these gentlemen, was one whose name is not mentioned so frequently as his prominent connection with the press of the State, his ability, and his personal worth deserves. I refer to the venerated father of the Brooks family of editors, whom we all know and honor. Samuel S. Brooks was a man of quieter methods than either Walters or Francis; but he was the peer of any man in the western editorial field as a profound thinker and graceful writer. His initial editorial career in this state was antecedent to the establishment by him of the Illinois Message at Springfield in 1840 and will hereafter be referred to in its proper connection. The Message was a handsomely printed folio, and was industriously and ably edited. One column — the first on the fourth page — had a particular charm for young readers, as I well remember. It bore the modest legend at the head: 'Edited by Austin Brooks.' The crisp and pungent paragraphs of that column gave abundant promise of the ability that afterwards made the old Quincy Herald a power throughout Illinois and the west. The elder Brooks closed his newspaper career at Lewistown in a venture called the Illinois Public Ledger, in 1847-48. He was then much past the meridian of life, yet full of mature power and courage- — a Christian gentleman and honest man, faithful to God, his country and his friends. The state lost one of its ablest men and the editorial guild one that honored it by his integrity and truth, in his death, which occurred a few years later. The sons of this noble-hearted man have proved themselves worthy of the name. Austin, the oldest, now dead some dozen years, if not the founder of the Quincy Herald, at least gave it the benefit of his genius at a very early date in its existence. Contemporary with Austin Brooks was Francis Dallam, for some years editor of the Whig. He was a man of decided talent, and as nearly a fair match in controversy with Austin Brooks as any man could have been. "A brief review of pioneer journalism in the western and northwestern part of the state embraces a few names that have been supplied by my venerable friends, Mr. Thomas Gregg, of Hamilton, and Colonel J. B. Patterson, of Oquawka. These gentlemen modestly withhold their own experiences in journalism, which I am able to supply partly from personal knowledge and from other sources. Illinois Newspaper I)nu< iorv and History "The Carthaginian, at Carthage, Illinois, by Mr. Thomas Gregg, and the Bounty Land Register, at Quincy, by Judge Richard Young, were contemporaneous ventures in 1836. The former was started in June of that year. The latter was soon after merged in the Quincy Argus by John H. Pettit. About the same time, either shortly before or shortly after, Bartlett & Sullivan started the Quincy Whig. At Jacksonville, Mr. Edwards was then conducting the Illinois Patriot and Mr. S. S. Brooks (heretofore mentioned) was publishing the Illinois Spectator. John Went worth was publishing the Chicago Democrat, and Mr. Sweeney and his sons had a paper at Galena called the Intel- ligencer. In 1838, Samuel M. Davis, formerly of the Winchester, Virginia, Republican, came to Peoria, and started the Peoria Register. (Our friend Colonel Patterson, of the Oquawka Spectator, served his apprenticeship with Mr. Davis at Winchester, Virginia, from 1824 to 1826.) Following Mr. Davis's death, which occurred a year or two later, his talented wife conducted the Register acceptably for a time. The Schuyler Advocate was published at Rushville in 1837 by J. B. Fulks. It was succeeded by The Test, pub- lished by R. A. Glenn and T. L. Dickey. At that time Macomb, Monmouth, Galesburg, Oquawka, Rock Island, and most other towns in that part of the state were paperless. Stone — I cannot recall his given name — established the Fultonian at Canton as early as 1837. Canton was then a village of possibly two hundred inhabitants, and was slowly recovering from the effects of a cyclone that had blown the village to atoms in about 1836. Stone went from Canton to Rock Island a year or two later. Succeeding him, was Mr. Harmon G. Reynolds. Closely following him, if I mistake not, was that talented gentleman and trenchant writer. Colonel J. B. Danforth, who, apparently never meaning to grow old or abate one jot of his vigor, is yet a power in the editorial field of labor. The Carthaginian printing office was bought by Dr. Galland in 1837 and removed to Fort Des Moines, in Wisconsin Territory (now Montrose in Iowa) and there established as the Western Adventurer with Mr. Gregg at the fore as editor. There was one paper at least at Dubuque, and about that time Secretary Clarke, of Wisconsin Territory, established the Territorial Gazette at Burlington. These three or four papers in 1837 were the only ones west of the Mississippi river and north of Palmyra, Missouri, to the Pacific ocean. Galland and Gregg's paper at Montrose was bought by James G. Edwards and moved to Fort Madison and was called the Patriot. It was afterwards moved to Burlington and called the Hawk-Eye. This is not Illinois history, but it is interesting, and a courtesy due to excellent neighbors. "We now enter another nebula of notable Illinois editors in the western part of the state — a few in the central part, also, who are remembered in this connection. About the period of 1840 to 1842, Hancock county became the battle ground of giant forces. "In the fall of 1S39, when the Mormons settled in Hancock county, a paper was established at Nauvoo called the Times and Seasons by Robinson and Smith — the latter the youngest brother of the Prophet. In 1842, as the Mormon question was becoming somewhat of a perplexing problem to the Gentiles, a son of the Prophet started a paper called the Wasp. This was shortly followed by the publication of the Nauvoo Neighbor, a large and more reputable organ of that sect. Meanwhile, things were getting hot in Hancock county. "In 1840, D. N. White, of Pittsburgh, established at Warsaw a paper called the Western World. After six months it came under charge, by purchase, of Thomas C. Sharp (yet in the full vigor of mind and manhood, the able and respected editor of the Carthage Gazette — my contemporary paper). Associated with Mr. Sharp in that under- taking was James Gamble, a journeyman printer, at present a highly respected physician at Le Claire, Iowa. The name of the paper was changed to the Warsaw Signal — a name that was a household word to every publisher west of the Alleghanies at that time. As I 59 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History have said, the Mormon problem was beginning to perplex the minds of many not in sympathy with the peculiar faith and practices of that people. Judge Sharp being a man ot strong and honest convictions, and fully sharing the general distrust of the Mormon ascendency, opened fire in the Signal. Public opinion was greatly encouraged and strengthened by his vigorous editorial assaults on the Mormons. The strife ended in the violent death of the Smiths in Carthage jail, June 27, 1844, and the subsequent expul- sion of the Mormons from the county. Now, Joe Smith's death resulted indirectly from a newspaper. All notable events, it must be observed, result in some way remotely or directly from newspaper work or influence as surely as that water let loose will run down hill. It was on this wise: On the eighth of June, 1844, some parties inimical to the Mormon regime started a paper at Nauvoo called the Expositor. One number only was issued. The Mormon city council declared the concern a nuisance and ordered the press and type thrown into the river. For this and similar acts in defiance of the law, Joseph Smith, his brother Hyrum, and two others, were arrested and taken to jail, where, as before stated, the two Smiths were killed by a mob. "The Warsaw Signal was afterwards published by Sharp, Gregg, Davidson and others in alternation — the paper changing its name, much to its hurt, a number of times. Francis Dallam, whilom of the Quincy Whig, took charge of the Warsaw Bulletin about the year 1864 or '65. At his death, a year or two later, it passed into the control of his widow, and oldest son Frank. The latter subsequently moved to California, and the paper is now under editorial charge of Philip Dallam, a young man of sterling worth and brilliant promise. "In 1840, John Regan started the Knoxville Republican. His successor was John Winters. Both were capable editors. The former is, or was recently, publishing the Elmwood Messenger. C. R. Smith established the Monmouth Atlas in 1845. Through some changes, I don't know how many, that excellent journal some years ago came into its present capable hands. Colonel J. B. Patterson founded the Oquawka Spectator in 1848, and has since been in continuous control of that favorite county paper. In a characteristic note to me this veteran journalist says: 'I have no desire to quit work until the close of the next campaign, when I expect to have the proud satisfaction of seeing the government restored to its primitive purity.' As much as all of us desire the restoration of primitive purity, there are not many of this guild who would welcome a contingency that would deprive our ranks of so staunch a journalistic friend and companion as Colonel Patterson. "If one's mind is to be forever tinged by an inspiration of first impressions, I am sure mine would dwell with more or less frequency upon the image of a Rammage press. Such an one was brought to Lewistown in 18 39, by William McDowell from Holmes county, Ohio. My mind is absolutely clear as to the details of that wonderful machine and the accompanying implements. I will not describe that old wooden, brass-screw, sand-bed, 'Devil's tailed' handle, its iron hooks and the stout cord that tied the platen to it; the double 'pull' for the two pages; nor least of all, can I describe the acrobatic contortions of body and arms of the pressman as he threw himself three-quarters around a five-foot circle in making a 'pull.' Those of you who go to Washington on this excur- sion, or who go hereafter, will find the counterpart of Billy McDowell's old press in a glass case in the patent office. They are as alike as two peas. The type of that primitive outfit consisted of two limited founts — a medieval English that today would be esteemed a bonanza of aesthetic type-art by the Century and Harper's. The outfit came round by steamboat, and everything was hopelessly in pi. There I set my first stickful as a preliminary initiation in the art of printing. The outcome of this venture was the Fulton Democrat. The editor was Dr. R. R. McDowell, brother of the proprietor, 60 [iiinois Newspaper Directory and Histori a young man of finished education and a fine- writer. The paper survived two years, when its worthy proprietor inherited some money from a deceased relative, and retired On the honors won in journalism. "McDowell's paper passed into the hands of George W. Smith, of blessed memory. He changed the name of it to The People's Advocate. Its lease of life was possibly three months. An incident of that eventful career will aptly illustrate the necessities, the shifts to meet them, and, in general, the happy-go-lucky methods of the average country editor of that period. It was one that was creditable to the inventive genius of a man in an emergency. Our friend Smith got married. That week he issued his paper curtailed to half its dimensions, containing advertisements, some selected matter, his marriage announcement, and one solitary editorial, as follows: 'APOLOGETIC — In consequence of our marriage we are compelled this week to appear on a half-sheet.' "The 'half-sheet' business was the dernier resort of every country editor who couldn't raise a sufficient number of quires for his next issue. As illustrating the chronic besetment of many of the earlier country editors, it may be stated as a fact that one editor of that period was known to have borrowed most of the stock from brother publishers on which his paper was printed during most of its precarious existence. The man traveled far and near — as distant as thirtv miles, or more — for a bundle of paper. And, generally, he got it. That some irregularity would attend the weekly issues of a paper published on that plan is manifest. The distance, or the difficulty of borrowing, would throw the paper late. Expedients to save time and expedite business were multi- tudinous. The borrower, belated, hastening home with his paper, would think, 'tomorrow is publication day, and this paper must first be dampened.' Coming to the first creek he would souse the bundle into it and let it stay in soak ten minutes. By the time he reached the printing office his paper would be ready to 'turn' and put under the weight. "Our good friend Smith of whom I was speaking a while ago, turned up at Pitts- field, where I found him in 1847, making a very respectable paper of the old Pittsricld Democrat, it being the successor of the Sucker State edited by M. J. Noyes from about 1842. Smith afterwards published the McDonough County Democrat in 1854-5 5, and was succeeded by Abbott until probably 1861 or 1862, when our mutual friend and talented brother, Mr. Charles W'hittaker, took charge and flung the Democrat to the breeze on the back of his incomparable big Eagle. Smith ultimately lost his life by accident at Hannibal, Missouri. He was a large-hearted man, and an honest one, as I believe. Peace to his ashes. "Billmire & Connor, two master printers from Springfield, Illinois, started the Fulton Banner at Lewistown in 1843. It ran two years. My regular apprenticeship was served under those gentlemen. 1 cherish their memory for their kindness and for their strictly honorable methods in conducting their business. They were succeeded by Mr. A. R. Sparks who continued the paper a year longer. I remember Mr. Sparks' wife as a woman of wonderful intelligence and bravery. For hours that patient little woman would stand behind the hand-press and struggle with a pair of heavy rollers, till, no doubt, her slender arms would ache; and her sensible chat and infectious laughter would charm away the very ghosts of gloom and weariness in that dingy little office. That excellent couple moved to Fairfield, low a, where they reaped the reward of patient waiting and industry. "The Fulton Gazette, a five-column folio, was printed during 1845-46 at Lewis- town by Charles M. Dowell and the writer hereof. In 1847 the material of that office was taken to Canton by Charles J. Sellen, who printed the Democratic Repository at Canton a little over a year. At Lewistown, in 1846, Hugh LaMaster started the Fulton Republican, a Whig paper, which was contemporary with the Illinois Public Ledger, by Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Mr. Brooks, heretofore mentioned. The Democratic Repository at Canton was merged with the Register, now one of the ablest county papers in the state. The Public Ledger office was moved to Canton in 1849, I believe, by Griffiths and a young man whose name I do not now recall. The Ledger passed into the control of Mr. S. Y. Thornton, a genial and very capable gentleman, about 18 56 or 18 57. He is still (1884) in charge of that excellent journal. "At Havana in 18 54-57 W. W. Stout printed the Herald. It was succeeded by the Squatter Sovereign in 1859 to 1861 with your orator at the fore; contemporary with that effort was the scholarly McDonald, of the Pekin Register, the slashing G. W. Raney, of the Peoria Democrat, that man of discoursive talent and polished manners, Colonel J. M. Bush, of the Pittsfield Democrat, and Davison & Nicolet, jolly gentlemen, of the Canton Register. "La Master suspended his Fulton Republican about 1849, as he said to save a rem- nant of his fortune for his old age. "This period is replete with personal experiences in the crude and most uncomfort- able methods of printing and conducting country newspapers. My companion in the mechanical department of the Democratic Repository, at Canton in 1848, was a Mr. David Collins, a veteran of the Mexican war. After many a night of toil at cases dimly lighted by tallow candles, and in a temperature scarcely above the freezing point, have we thrown ourselves upon a pile of old papers beside the little coal stove for an hour of sleep before the summons to returning toil. And yet this sort of thing was hardly thought to be a hardship. It was an accepted incident in the customary life of the printer of that period. In cold weather, in such quarters, wetted paper would freeze despite all precautions. The inevitable two days of press-work in each week were fraught with difficulties that modern printers know little about. But it was a period that made some grand men, who today are an honor to the profession. I recall one who, as a youth of straightened means and very limited education, commenced his career in 1847, in such a printing office as I have described. The boy had literally no inheritance save the few rags that covered his body, and an abundance of good common sense and sturdy pluck. He studied every moment when not at work or asleep; he asked questions — amazing ones some of them were. He probably never had one month of common school education in his life. So, working faithfully — such a character never slights his work — studying hard, hoarding his money, cultivating and strengthening his manhood, his intelligence, and a wise insight into the character of men and of the course of public- events, he achieved a state senatorship, the position of lieutenant governor, a member of a pretty decent legislature, a fortune, and a handsome wife worth twenty-five thousand dollars before he was thirty years old! "One other instance of a similar character I will recall briefly. A diminutive lad was brought by his father to a printing office of this description in 18 59. The man said: 'This boy is too little to work on a farm and has no fancy for tending store. I want you to make a printer of him.' That young man very soon developed charac- teristics of the sturdy stuff that he was made of. He was industrious, quick to learn — albeit his education was not of the best — always in a good humor, and above all he was honest and truthful. He worked his way gradually without skips through his apprentice- ship in the space of less than ten years to a position of acknowledged prominence among Illinois editors. He now holds an official position in this state; he is a member of your Association, known to you all, and loved by you for his ability, his manhood and his genial qualities. "Had I the time here I could name a number of similar instances — not all so remarkable as these, perhaps — but notable instances of young men within my knowledge, IlIINOIs \l W'SPAPER DllWl IOKV AND HlSTORY who have achieved something more than .1 local habitation and a name from their earlier education in the country printing offices. "The Fulton Democrat was revived in 18 55, and in 1858 its present editor, William T. Davidson, took charge of it and is still in charge. The same year, or it may be the year before, our mutual friend Colonel A. H. Swain, started the Monmouth Review, and he runs it yet, we are all glad to know, with no abatements of his wonderful vigor and good nature. "Wandering away from the sacred precincts of one's own home and its genial surroundings, a glance at one or two other familiar places and faces must appropriately conclude our paper. "Bloomington! The home of the brave, and beautiful and bald-headed patriarchs of our guild! Nay, more than patriarchs; priests and bishops of our faith! "Journalism in Bloomington is referred to briefly to recall one name that either never achieved the distinction it deserved or that has been apparently forgotten — George Washington Wright. Whether he be now living, and in a measure distinguished in another sphere, I know not. He was for a time, in 1849, in editorial charge of the Bloomington Bulletin, then published by a printer named Underwood. My recollection is that Wright was a writer of more than ordinary brilliancy and power. Bloomington then, as now, had its full share of well-conducted newspapers and able editorial writers, but at that period its typographical facilities were measurably indifferent. Going into the Intelligencer office one day to procure some handbills for a certain business then in hand, I was informed by Mr. Foote, the foreman, that certain letters in his limited fount of wood type were lacking, and that the bill could not be done. I asked the privilege of doing the job myself. It was granted without hesitation — another evidence of the easy- going methods of the times. The missing letters were manufactured in some crude way, and the job done with little additional trouble. No printer nowadays would use such type, or any of it — no printer but would laugh to scorn the manufactured make-shifts. "Passing on to a name that is more familiar, and a reminiscence therewith, the pleasant, pastoral town of Decatur is reached on a summer's day in 18 5 0. Responsive to inquiry the printing otfice, in a modest two-story brick building, stands revealed. The proprietor, a genial gentleman with pleasant countenance, responds to the name of Shoaff; James Shoaff — office of Shoaff's Gazette. The room was considerably larger than the needs of the printing office required. It was a printing office and hall combined. 'Shoaff's Gazette — Shoaff's Hall!' After some minutes of chat — nothing appeared to be in a hurry — the wish for a brief business paragraph in the Gazette was mentioned. 'Oh, you're a printer,' said Shoaff, 'set it up yourself and make it as long as you please.' The easy-going style of the times again! The offer of ten cents a line would have been spurned with indignation. "I met Mr. Shoaff a few times in after years; but the last interview with him was in the old Central depot in Chicago. A few weeks later his death was announced. Noble-hearted Shoaff — he deserved to have lived to years of wider influence. "Between the periods last named and 1860, the condition of the country printer changed greatly for the better. Their patronage was better and more liberal; they took heart in their work and entered upon an era of local-newsy papers in which there has been a growth so rapid as to fairly bewilder the mind. The country editor's labor has wonderfully changed — not in degree, but in kind. The country editor's life half a century ago was a hard one; it was a battle with delinquent subscription lists and clamorous creditors; it was a struggle with indifferent appliances and methods in pursu- ing his calling — slow and tiresome methods — all-night work by the dim and greasy flicker of tallow candles; slow and toilsome press work; roller-making, and in manv 63 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History things incident to the cruder methods of that time, which we today know little about. It was the day of small things, pecuniarily. It was like running a high church at cross- roads — the responses to the decalogue were more numerous than dollars to the offertory. People 'took' the paper for the 'cause,' but they seldom paid a dollar for 'principle,' it they could help it, or green cord wood in stinted measure, or coon skins caught in the wrong season, would answer the purpose. "But I need not dwell on these troubles of the earlier printer. Has the advancement in arts and civilization brought relief? No, it has shifted the burden from the shoulders to the head. The average country editor of 1845 advertised his honorable calling by a conspicuous display of a pair of scissors from his vest pocket, much after the fashion of newly initiated greenhorns today, who display their Masonic or their Odd Fellows' jewelry on the lapels of their vests or coats. Confessedly, scissors and paste, in liberal admixture with Wisner's Cough Syrup and Jones's Hair Dye, was to a majority of the local profession a great and blessed relief from the toil of day and night type setting, press-work, dunning delinquents, dodging duns, 'working for the party,' and dancing to the slow and doleful music of an empty flour barrel. A change of these conditions brings our modern editor face to face with an amount of local and general writing, and of preparation for it, in methods only known to a man who is triple-minded and omni- present; face to face with from six to a dozen solid columns of country correspondence, society news and personals, and kindred adjuncts to our modern art. The forty-years-ago editor, who would encounter a job like this, would fairly go crazy with astonishment and grief. The editor of forty years ago could go somewhere, if he had the money, or some chalk on his hat; but the highly-privileged editor of today goes at the peril of incomplete work in inexperienced hands, if indeed he does not encounter on his return at least one suit for libel, resulting from an 'innocent joke' by some facetious cor- respondent. "But lest I may seem to speak slightingly of the ability and the methods of our brethren who were pioneers in this vale of tears, let me say that our times have developed no finer writers than the noble souls who wrought on the leading column thirty and forty years ago. I have mentioned the names of some who were forcible and brilliant writers at that period. I can well remember others. In a majority of cases these men wrote well, because they were posted in current affairs and it was their pleasure — if not a recreation — to keep abreast with the best thought of the times. Indeed, brethren, how many of us, with our accumulating duties in the one routine of gathering, arrang- ing, sifting and writing local current news, have the needed time in which to give a diligent study to any one prominent question now before the public, or likely to be? "Our honored predecessors wrote strongly and well, as the musty files of the past fully show. They were men of superior information, and they did not adulterate their mother Anglo-Saxon with tinseled substitutes for words to express their meaning. They were plain men and honest. And when, at the last day, the recording angel casts the summary of accounts, the chiefest sins of the pioneers of the press will be forgiven in the light of the good they have wrought in the world. May our last end, and our reward as well, be like theirs." 64 IlllNOIS \l \\ SI'U'I It Dlltlt IOK1 AND I llSTORY Chapter III The Intense Age; Women; Other Problems The twentieth annu.il meeting of the Association was held on the 18th, 19th, and 20th of February, 1885, at Jacksonville. The Reverend Doctor E. A. Tanner, President of Illinois College, delivered the customary address of welcome. The President, M. \\ . Mathews, of the Urbana Herald, delivered his address on the public debt. At this convention the following papers were read: "Fourteen Years a Country Journalist," by T. O. Johnston, of the Oregon Reporter; "The Moral Power of the Secular Press," by C. M. Eames, of the Jacksonville Journal; "The Country Newspaper," by J. B. Matlack, of the Chester Tribune; "What Advertisements Should Be Excluded," by Charles O. Bradshaw, of the Kirkwood Leader; the annual address on "The News- paper in Politics," by R. M. Woods, of the Joliet Republic and Sun; "The Local Page," by W. H. Hinrichsen, of the Jacksonville Courier; "The Art of Advertising," by J. K. LeBaron, of the Elgin Every Saturday; "Foreign Advertising and Advertising Agents," written by Thomas Rees, of the Springfield Register, and read by E. B. Fletcher, of the Morris Herald; "Patents and Plates," by George M. Tatham, of the Greenville Advocate; " 'Hell' in a Print Shop," by G. W. Cyrus, of the Camp Point Journal; and a second paper on the subject by C. E. Crandall, of the Chicago West End Advocate; "1 ver) Day Experience in Country Journalism," by E. D. Conley, of the Wilmington Advocate. The following officers were unanimously elected: President, M. W. Mathews, Urbana Herald; Vice Presidents, W. M. Kennedy, Dixon Sun; J. B. Matlack, Chester Tribune; W. W. Lowis, Lena Star; Secretary, C. L. Clapp, Carrollton Patriot; Treas- urer, George M. Tatham, Greenville Advocate; Executive Committee, C. B. Bostwick, Mattoon Gazette; Charles Holt, Kankakee Gazette, and J. W. Clinton, Polo Press. The Association voted approval of the action of the President and Secretary in writing to the Minnesota Editors and Publishers Association that it would be imprac- ticable for the Illinois Press Association to be represented at the New Orleans meeting for organizing a National Association of Journalism. The proposed law reducing the postage on second-class mail matter was discussed, the sentiment of those who spoke being unanimously against the change. Mr. Owen Scott of the Bloomington Bulletin offered the following resolution which was adopted: In view of the difficulties attendant upon travel at this season of the year, Resolved, That the Executive Committee be requested not to call the annual meet- ing between January 1 and March 1, 18 86, and in lieu thereof call a special three days' business session to be held during the month of May, 1886. It was also resolved that the Association oppose the efforts being made to effect a further reduction of postage upon newspapers. During the intermissions between sessions citizens of Jacksonville courteously con- ducted its members in small parties to the Central Hospital for the Insane, Illinois \ tion » ., projected .1. [his yen Members of the Illinois Press Vssoc ijtion were active Illinois Newspaper Directory and History College, Whipple Academy, Illinois Conservatory of Music, the Athenaeum, Illinois Female College, the Institutions for the Education of the Blind and of the Deaf and Dumb. At Illinois College C. B. Bostwick of the Mattoon Gazette addressed the students on "Journalism as a Profession," and the Secretary of the Association spoke briefly on "College Journalism." At Jacksonville Business College the Honorable M. B. Castle of the Sandwich Argus, J. K. LeBaron of the Elgin Every Saturday, and Mrs. Clara L. Peters of the Watseka Times, addressed the members of the institution. A brief In Memoriam sketch of the late Spencer Ellsworth of the Lacon Home Journal, was read by George Burt, Jr. of the Henry Republican. 1886 The twenty-first annual meeting of the Illinois Press Association was held in Centralia on the 23rd, 24th, and 25th of February, 1886. The members met in Sadler's Opera House on Tuesday evening for the first meeting. Vice President W. M. Kennedy of the Dixon Sun presided over this session as President M. W. Mathews of the Urbana Herald was detained at his home by illness. The members were welcomed by the Hon- orable M. B. Sadler, mayor of Centralia, and by a musical selection by Water's Silver Cornet Band. Vice President Kennedy responded in behalf of the Association. C. B. Bostwick of the Mattoon Gazette, being called upon, gave a brief statement of the character and objects of the Illinois Press Association. E. A. Sniveley of the Carlinville Enquirer, having just returned from a visit to the New Orleans Exposition, gave an account of the Illinois exhibit there. The Secretary read the following letters from Miss Mary Allen West, editor of the Union Signal, and President of the newly founded Illinois Woman's Press Association, and from Mrs. Elizabeth Boynton Harbert of the Chicago Inter Ocean: Gentlemen: There has lately" been organized in Chicago, the Illinois Woman's Press Association. Its object as set forth in its constitution, is "to provide a means of communication between women writers and to secure all the benefits resulting from organized effort. Its work is still in the future, but we mean to make it tell in the cause of pure, strong journalism. As an Association, we are young; but time will correct that fault, for we intend to live and to grow. Being young, we need and shall prize your brotherly co-operation and sympathy. Your work and ours is one. It will be better accomplished if we pursue parallel lines than if we work at cross purposes. Whenever there is good work to be dealt for the right as against the wrong, count us on your side. At our initial meeting, the Association elected Mrs. Harbert and myself to be its representatives to you that at the beginning of our work we may come into communication with you, and by consulting together, secure unity of action in our respective Associations. Mrs. Harbert will tell you, better than I can write it, something of what we hope to accomplish through organized effort, and of the lines of work in which we especially desire your co-operation. Leaving that part of our mission to her, I close by expressing personally my regret at being prevented from joining with her in presenting it and my earnest wish that your meeting may be a very successful one, and that the coming year may witness better work done by both Associations than it is possible for either, alone, to accomplish. Fraternally, Mary Allen West (pres.) •The III,no, s NS„m,,n-, \' re ,s Association was organized in 1881. 66 Illinois Newspaper Dikicioky and History Greeting: Being at the last moment detained by home duties, I must forego the pleasure of submitting in person the enclosed letter from Miss Mary Allen VX est. and also (by your courtesy) supplementing her report of the recently organized "Woman's Press Association." Knowing as I do. however, your progressive methods and generous spirit, I am confident that you will accord to this young society your kindly interest. As chairman of two national press committees, I am requested to request you to give us your thought in regard to the work done by women journalists in your employ. Are they, as a rule, freer from bitter, personal journalism than gentlemen? What, in your opinion, are their characteristic faults or graces? If you are not prepared to answer this question now, may we not hope that you will appoint one of your number (some gentleman of experience) to prepare a paper upon the characteristics of women journalists, or journalism as a profession for women.' Any data upon this subject would be gracefully received. Wishing you a most successful and profitable meeting, I remain. Cordially, Elizabeth Boynton Harbert. The matter was referred to a soecial committee composed of E. B. Fletcher of the Morris Herald, C. M. Cyrus of the Pontiac Gazette, and W. J. Underwood of the Belle- ville News-Democrat. This committee later made the following report, which was accepted and adopted: Your committee, to whom was referred the communication from the Illinois Woman's State Press Association, would respectfully offer the following for adoption: 1st. That we recognize in the Illinois Woman's Press Association a collabo- rator worthy of highest consideration, and that we, as an Association, tender our best wishes for its prosperity and desires to bring out the peculiar adaptability of women for the field of journalism. 2nd. That the questions propounded in said communication be referred to the Executive Committee to the end that such committee shall assign the subjects to able hands for presentation at the next annual meeting of this Association. Respectfully submitted, E. B. Fletcher, C. M. Cyrus, W. J. Underwood. The attention of the Association having been called to the fact that the Inter- national Editorial Association was in session in Cincinnati. E. L. Merritt of the Springfield Register, Charles Holt of the Kankakee Gazette, and C. B. Bostwick of the Mattoon Gazette, were appointed delegates to that body and the Secretary was directed to send their names, accompanied by fraternal greetings, by telegraph to Cincinnati. President Mathews continued ill at his home in Urbana, and Vice President \\ . \! Kennedy continued to preside until the session on the last afternoon when Vice President W. W. Lowis of the Lena Star took charge. Clement L. Clapp of the Carrollton Patriot presented a table showing the results of some investigation of the cost of publishing a number of country weeklies in Illinois, which was discussed at some length. His figures showed the cost of publishing 14 different weeklies with the following details of expense: Size of paper, pages printed at home, circulation, bookkeeping, etc.; editorial, foreman, composition, "devil," news print, rent, postage, and expense. The average cost he found to be $42.78, with earnings in advertisements of $39.45. The highest was, expense — $78.37, and earnings — $90; the lowest was, expense — $16.5 5, and earnings — SI 6.60. 67 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History A resolution by Charles Holt of the Kankakee Gazette was adopted that the Secre- tary be instructed to continue the inquiries as to the cost of publishing newspapers, and report at the next annual meeting. W. W. Lowis of the Lena Star read a paper on "Country Correspondence — How to Secure and Retain It," in which he maintained that an able corps of correspondents was necessary to newspaper success. He found it best to pay them %2'i a year and 10 per cent commission on all collections and business they secured. This paper brought a long and valuable discussion. The merits of women as newspaper writers was ably championed and a number of valuable suggestions were made. The Wednesday afternoon session was devoted to eulogies on the late Samuel I. Bradbury of the Waukegan Patriot. The Honorable E. M. Haines of the Legal Adviser delivered a memorial and was followed by C. B. Bostwick of the Mattoon Gazette who told of his acquaintance with the deceased. The members were taken, under guidance of a committee of citizens, in a special Illinois Central train, to visit the nail works and coal mines on the southern borders of Centralia. Captain F. Y. Yedley of the Bunker Hill Gazette gave an address entitled "Camp Journalism." He discussed the journalistic work of the camps during the Civil War. At the conclusion, the local Post of the Grand Army of the Republic took possession of the hall, as whose guests the members of the Press Association remained and listened to General B. M. Prentiss' description of what he saw of the Battle of Shiloh. Some time was spent in discussion of an excursion. The Executive Committee was requested to ascertain what arrangements could be made for an excursion to the City of Mexico. The invitation of the Illinois Central railroad, offering the Association a trip to New Orleans, was referred to the Executive Committee. Charles Holt of the Kankakee Gazette, ex-President of the Association, was presented a gold headed cane by E. A. Snively in behalf of the Association, and a similar presentation was made to ex-President J. W. Clinton by E. B. Fletcher of the Morris Herald. The annual address was read by W. J. Mize of the Decatur Review. His subject was, "The Intense Age and Its Effect upon the Newspaper." An "Interview on Prices of Advertising and Job Work," by E. B. Fletcher of the Morris Herald furnished material for a long and useful discussion. Other papers read were that of J. J. Penny of the Pinckneyville Democrat, on "What is Local News?" which was read by J. J. Anderson of the Nashville Democrat; and "A Country Editor Out of Business," by J. W. Grear of the Murphysboro Independent. The following officers were chosen for the ensuing year: President, W. M. Kennedy, Dixon Sun; Vice Presidents, J. K. LeBaron, Elgin Every Saturday; J. H. Barton, Carbon- dale Free Press; Thomas Rees, Springfield Register; Secretary, Clement L. Clapp, Carroll- ton Patriot; Treasurer, George M. Tatham, Greenville Advocate; Executive Committee, C. B. Bostwick, Mattoon Gazette; J. W. Clinton, Polo Press, M. W. Mathews, Urbana Herald. The report of the Treasurer showed a balance on hand of $46.45. The Secretary reported a membership of 219. The amendment to the By-Laws, previously offered by E. A. Snively of the Carlinville Enquirer was adopted as follows: To amend the Twelfth By-Law by inserting after the word "membership" in the next to the last line, the words "and will not appear in the printed proceedings until all arrearages are paid." 68 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History The idea of the "Intense Age" that had gained currency in 18 86 is odd indeed viewed in perspective of a later daw 1 [ere is what W. J. Mize of the Decatur Review had to say on the subject: The "Intense Age" in 1886 "Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: This is the 21st annual meeting of the Illinois Press Association, and in the past twenty years, with an annual address each general meeting, and the many excellent papers read before this Association, about every- thing worth telling regarding the newspaper has been told. I might look my cyclopedia through for statistics, and hunt over every page of every advertising agent's Newspaper Annual, and glean every typographical journal for fact, and yet I could find nothing new to this assemblage of adepts in the art preservative — this walking, talking, writing — this portable library, as it were. The history of the craft has been told. "Our worthy president, in prophetic and most eloquent language has, in time past, lifted the veil of the future and given us a glorious glimpse of 'The Coming Country Editor.' "There seems to be nothing left to me but the narrow Now; and the now — the present — consists of an awfully small portion of measured duration. Besides, people are always gazing back into the past, a wonderfully long and eventful past; or else they are intently and anxiously looking into the future. The Now seems to be the narrow fulcrum across which the teeter-board of life goes up and down — a sort of isthmus of existence, with a sea of eternity on either side. "But I shall reach out a little — enough for wharfage, at least, and comparison. "The present may include an era, an age; but even the narrow span of an age may have within it degrees of existence. "Fifty years ago, the country newspaper man was a 'literary feller,' wore his hair long, and wrote long editorials upon the most profound and most uninteresting subjects. As Sam Jones would say, he was as dignified as a dead man, sometimes wrote poetry, but silently moulded public opinion — in his own elevated estimation. "A quarter of a century later, he had all the dignity squeezed out of him, his paper having become the organ of a party. The politicians ran his columns, and starved him. for the good of the cause. It was about this time that people took his paper 'just to help him along,' but never paid for it. It was truly the cordwood and pumpkin era, when the hand-press editor was looked upon, like the village preacher, as an object of charity. No matter if he earned a dollar a dozen times, it was paid to him, if at all, as if a dona- tion. When you looked upon this creature, you expected to hear him say: 'Please don't kick me; I've just been kicked.' 'O, how wretched is that poor man that hangs on princes' favors.' "But that age has passed. As an exchange truly remarks, 'The country editor of today is a business man, wears his hair and editorials short, and is a success in proportion as he has snap, push, and business capacity in him. His mission is to occupy the field, publish all the news and reflect the daily life of the community in which he lives'; and I am happy to state that he is fully up with the times, and knows the sort of grit, at least, that it takes to grind an ax. "People in other lines of business have changed as well. "The dry goods merchant of today does not sit dreamily in his store waiting for a customer. He sends out and gets one, if he needs him. He advertises for customers; he coaxes them with elegant samples of his goods, sent through the mails with circulars for explanation. He talks business; he does business. His store is neat and attractive, his clerks polite and affable, and every detail is watched with an all-seeing eye. 69 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "The old corner-grocery is no more, where men were wont to congregate in days gone by and sit around to talk politics, chew tobacco, tell yarns, and spit on the stove. In its place is the grocery house of the age — a more cleanly place, containing no chairs or boxes for loafers. You visit it when you have business, and every article you purchase, from a bar of soap to a barrel of flour, is delivered at your door. In fact, you do not have to visit the store to make purchases; your wife can order by telephone, and the dinner ordered is soon carried into the kitchen by the delivery boy. Even runners are employed by many wide-awake houses to solicit orders and save the trouble of telephoning. "The tailor of this age is far ahead of the Knight of the Goose in times past. The tailor of the past made clothes to fit the man, as nearly as possible; but the tailor of this age can make and pad up the man to fit the clothes. I do not know that the dress- makers are as progressive as the tailors. I confess dense ignorance as to that. "The machinery of this age is more remarkable than all else. We make the machines and the machines that make them. In fact, there is so much labor-saving machinery in existence, that labor itself is grumbling, and a question is forcing itself that will be a hard one to solve. "New inventions and new discoveries follow and so crowd upon each other that we are prepared to believe or expect almost anything. "Railroads, telegraphs, telephones, ocean cables, and electric lights have already grown old. Natural gas wells are just now attracting attention, and are being discovered in almost every part of the country that furnishes fuel, power, and light. At Litchfield, Illinois, there is a gas well that furnishes fuel to run half a dozen engines that are being used in boring for oil; and I am informed that the town is preparing to utilize the gas for lighting purposes. At Pittsburgh, the natural gas from the famous Murraysville gas well, the largest in the world, is conducted in pipes over twenty miles and utilized in the great iron and steel mills and factories as fuel in place of coal. So strong is the pressure of gas when turned into the furnaces, that the surplus shoots out at the top of the tall chimneys and sometimes burns thirty feet above them in lurid flames. With so many tall chimneys, and so many volcanoes of burning gas, the manufacturing district at night looks like a magnified section of perdition. The gas is also used to light the city, and, in a purified form, to light dwellings, many of which also utilize it for heating purposes, instead of coal or wood. "At Findlay, Ohio, an immense vein of gas was struck about a month ago, at a depth of twelve hundred feet, which, escaping through the derrick, roared like Niagara. Five days later it was ignited, and the flame reached a height of seventy feet, and the distance between the flame and the mouth of escape was from ten to twenty feet, showing the force. The yield of this shaft is estimated at some millions of cubic feet daily. "The following item of news recently appeared in one of the leading city dailies: 'A party of eastern capitalists has offered the city of Cleveland ten thousand dollars per year for a light-and-heat franchise, intending to run natural gas from Butler county, Pennsylvania, where it has purchased forty thousand acres of land.' "These wonderful discoveries bid fair to revolutionize many of the great industries of the country. "Soon it will be a common thing to bore into the earth for light, heat, and hot water. Up to the present, people have gotten into hot water in quite another way; but when they get to boring into the earth, there is no telling what they may find. Some genius may be able to obtain power, by hooking on to the running-gears of creation, and, by some sort of compromise with gravitation, thus obtain perpetual motion. A new Illinois \i wsiwim u Directory and History motive power is needed. The intense age demands it. It must come. We must have a train that can out-run a cyclone, and a flying ship that can ride above a storm at sea. "Ice-making machines, that will manufacture ice in August, have grown common. It is now suggested that snow-melting machines or engines may be run on the railroads to clear the track in winter. This suggestion may be premature; but it shows that there is thought upon the subject, at least. "The sportsman of this age sneers at a 2:40 gait. The horse must make his mile in a trifle over 2:08 or he is n.g. "It is the age of cyclones in more senses than one. We have the greatest conflagra- tions, the greatest floods, the most intense heat, and the most intense cold — the most intense everything. Even a politician must be an intense partisan to attract attention. People nowadays get drunker than they used to — and soberer. Lightning trains carry the mails across the continent, and quick delivery stamps are used in all towns of any considerable pretensions. This age has produced the fastest steamers, the biggest engines, the greatest bridges, the longest tunnels, the tallest monuments, the awfulest crimes, as well as the most munificent gifts; the most ballot-box manipulation, the most popu- lous penitentiaries, and the grandest almshouses. It is the Jumbo-colossal-aggregation age — the cap-sheaf of all the ages. Even the small boy of the Sundav school wants to see Goliath first when he gets to heaven. "The music of today has quicker time, and the Sunday school music of this age would have frightened the Pilgrim Fathers into the woods to pray. "It is the age of the greatest riches and the greatest poverty. "Nobody takes time for deliberation; it is not an age of deliberation. What are called deliberative bodies, are often more nearly howling mobs. You who have attended state or national conventions, can bear witness to this fact. And yet it is not a frivolous age, but a practical one, and things seems to happen about right, despite the lack of deliberation, owing probably to the inherent sense of justice among the people. "The whole American people seem to be in a hurry. You step into a store for a trifle. The clerks are busy. You wait just four seconds. If no clerk is then ready to wait upon you, you most likely walk out and enter another store. "Every man who orders a job of printing wants it 'right away.' "Is there a man in the house who likes to stop a conversation to hear a clock strike twelve times? "Railroads advertise, in big type, 'Two hours and forty-seven minutes the shortest route between Washington and Denver,' and throw in, in smaller type, 'through sleepers, dining coaches, reclining chairs,' etc. Two hours saved in two thousand miles! Distance is measured by time, not by mileposts. "In every live town you see a path across every corner where it is possible to go across. Who wants to describe a right angle when he can cut across and save time? The hypotenuse is shorter than the sum of the other two sides. "The only job of the very early times that seems to have been done in a remarkable hurry was when the world was made in six days. There was not much hurrying for some time thereafter, however, as the travels of Moses would indicate. And the earth seems to have pretty well satisfied the people for some fifty or sixty centuries. But of late they have been cutting through isthmuses, tunneling under mountains, burrowing under rivers, and blowing up Hellgate; and some of these days we may wake up to find a new world entirely, made by some enterprising corporation or syndicate of capitalists. "The fable of the hare and the tortoise is lost on this generation. The hare of this age doesn't stop to nap. It would run the race and get into the clover field or nibble half the trees in the orchard before the tortoise could get fairly out of his favorite 71 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History mud-puddle. The people of this age don't take to fables, anyway. They want facts, and want them right away. "This puts me in mind of an incident I observed a year or two ago, when visiting the public schools of a neighboring town. The boys and girls had been writing notes, as boys and girls will. The teacher, thinking to stop it, had promised to intercept the next missive and read it aloud to the school. She captured the note while I was there. David and Otto were both smitten by the same black-eyed lassie, and it was Otto's note that was 'run in,' as the police reporter would say. The teacher read it aloud before the appreciative school. Every other line raised a laugh — for anything is funny in a school room — but the close of the letter brought down the house. It ran thus: 'Write quick, Tillie, and tell me which you love the best — me, or David.' Now, this youth may seem to have been unduly smitten, but, be that as it may, he was a typical youth of the period, and wanted plain, square facts, and wanted them at once, with no foolishness. "People used to die in a leisurely sort of way, giving the family physician and the minister opportunity for ministration; but of late, especially if the persons be prominent, they drop dead — if they get time. Others drop at the muzzle of a number 32; and some poor wretches drop from a treacherous platform. "I heard Judge Tourgee tell a good story, recently, illustrative of American hurry. It was a picture he saw in London Punch representing a ferry boat just putting out, and two youths running to get on board. When the one in the lead reached the wharf, the boat was some six feet away, but he leaped the chasm, and as he did so, looked over his shoulder and exclaimed: 'Hurry up, Jim, there is not another boat in fifteen seconds.' For once, sleepy old Punch truly represented America. "What would our staid, polite, old grandfathers think if they could step into a modern railway dining hall when the train stops twenty minutes for dinner, and see the guests rush to the tables with their hats on, and, with valises beside them and umbrellas across their laps, reach for, and bolt down, everything within an arm's length? The average American is an eloquent eater. "A newspaper squib is going the rounds regarding a Maryland man who was arrested for manufacturing and selling eggs so like the real article as almost to escape detection. I saw this in a newspaper, and yet it seems a little fishy — -not that he should fail to make the eggs, but that he should make them without shells — for canning purposes, had them scrambled or made them in an omelet. "Even the beggars and swindlers are sharper witted than the professionals of that class were some years ago. In Decatur, not long since, a man spent two or three days on the streets begging. He had his arm wrapped in a white cloth and carried it in a sling. He plaintively stated that he was a laboring man with a large family dependent upon him, and that he had been so unfortunate as to break his arm. He picked up many a dime; but the police had suspicions that he was an imposter, and one of them discovered that such was the case. He stepped up to the beggar and abruptly asked: 'How did you break your arm?' 'Fell down and stepped on it,' was the saucy reply. 'For fear you may fall and step upon the other, I shall gather you in,' said the policeman; and the beggar's arm was healed by a touch. "The hurry and bustle of the age is contagious. "The good old lady can knit more rapidly when a lively air is played. "The staidest old farmer, coming home from the fair, drives like a jockey, and allows no one to pass him. "The newspaper man has the spirit of his neighbors, or else the neighbors have the spirit of the newspaper man. I hardly know whether the intense age has the most effect upon the newspaper, or the newspaper has most effect upon the intense age. Perhaps Illinois \'i wmwi-lr Diklctokv and History they affect each other in a mutual sort of way. At any rate, the intense age is decidedly ,i newspaper age. The material from which paper is made is growing almost as cheap as cordwood or baled hay, and newspapers are growing more numerous every hour. Books are probably read less, relatively, and newspapers more. A lady of Decatur recently stepped into a furniture store to invest in some trifle, and the proprietor wanted to sell her a handsome bookcase. 'But I do not care to purchase,' said the lady. The man insisted. The lady replied, 'I don't need it. We hang the almanac on a nail, keep the Bible on the center-table, and the newspapers lie about everywhere.' "A great many people read newspapers who seldom read books. The newspaper of this age contains everything. It must, in order to satisfy the demand. Our grandfathers were content with a weekly newspaper, and that often a very sleepy, religious one; but the people of this age are getting to want one morning, noon, and night; and in very exciting times, they want an edition every thirty minutes. They are ever in a hurry for news and facts. In this regard they are like the spoony young man who asked his girl if she loved him as well as she did fifteen minutes ago. What happens tonight in the civilized world, is in the newspapers tomorrow morning, and sometimes columns and columns are written for a single paper between midnight and morning. The reporter and interviewer are creatures of this generation, and news-gathering is a business and a science, managed by a corporation with thousands of employes. No expense or means is spared to obtain information, and when obtained, it is put into print as rapidly as man and machinery can do it. The great city dailies run their own lightning trains, and bundles of papers are heaved off at every station, the trains never stopping, but rushing on — on, over the iron race-course. And at every village and town, the bundle is seized by the local carrier, and he, too, runs a race against time, or competition, until the last paper is delivered to his last patron. Go where you will, you will see people intently reading newspapers when they have a moment to spare — at hotels, on railroads, on street cars, everywhere. A wife may talk fifteen minutes to the man behind the news- paper, and get from him nothing but the most abstracted grunt. Every lady present will bear me out in this statement. "It is sometimes claimed that editors 'fudge' a little regarding their circulation; but when I see the vast array of newspapers everywhere I go, I am fully prepared to believe anything a newspaper man may say upon the subject. "The laboring man looks in the newspaper to find employment; and the manufac- turer to find help; the speculator for prices; the politician for points. The delicate, before venturing out, look at the latest signal service report, and wear their overshoes or umbrellas accordingly. Advertisements are there, stories, poems, sermons, the news of the world, everything. The newspaper of today is the world's history of yesterday, or this morning. "Benjamin Franklin was considered lightning in his time, but he would feel be- wildered and lonesome in this age. Printers revere his memory, and ever will. He was a great man, of a grand age. But this is another age — a more rapid age. "But does all this hurrying pay? How long can this intensity last? "We seem to be going onward and upward, and yet the speed is suspiciouslv sug- gestive of a down-grade run. It has been said that there is nothing new under the sun, but every hour of the day new discoveries, new inventions, new ideas, follow each other so rapidly that the adage is disproved; and our nineteenth century speed may be an up-hill speed after all. I am inclined to think it is. But will the machinery of our existence stand the constant strain? "Time was when people had more leisure, and were more deliberate; but never have they been more practical than they are in this age. 73 Illinois Newspaper. Directory and History " 'We speak in reverence of the olden time; but there is no older time than now; this is the hoary-headed age of the world'; and man should profit by the lengthened past." The twenty-second annual meeting was held on February 1, 2, and 3, 1887, at Quincy. The first session was called to order in the Circuit Court room in the Adams County Court House by Acting President J. K. LeBaron of the Elgin Every Saturday. The address of welcome was delivered by the Honorable Jonathan Parkhurst, Mayor of Quincy, to which response was made on behalf of the Association by Mr. LeBaron. J. C. Bundy of the Religio-Philosophical Journal, Chicago, read a paper on "The Country Press in Ethics," after which the Chair announced committees. "The Experiences of a New Editor," by Charles W. Warner of the Hoopeston Chronicle was followed by a discussion in which the cash-in-advance practice, and the black list for delinquent subscribers were brought up. In regard to the black list it was said that the publisher has a right to tell the facts, if he has been defrauded, but must not hold up to ridicule his debtor, and is liable for any damage to his reputation. F. B. Mills of the Lincoln Herald spoke on "Newspaper Bookkeeping." The annual address was delivered by the Honorable E. M. Haines of the Chicago Legal Adviser on "Newspapers," after which General M. M. Bane of Quincy spoke briefly on "Mormonism," urging members of the press to use their influence against it. The next subject was "Women in Journalism," which was opened with a paper by the Honorable M. B. Castle of the Sandwich Argus, followed by essays by Mrs. Antoinette V. Wakeman and by Miss Mary Allen West of Chicago, representatives of the Illinois Woman's Press Association. The President's address was delivered by acting President J. K. LeBaron. The officers elected were: President, J. K. LeBaron, Elgin Every Saturday; Vice Presidents, J. J. Anderson, Nashville Democrat; Clement L. Clapp, Carrollton Patriot; L. A. McLean, Urbana Herald; Secretary, E. B. Fletcher, Morris Herald; Treasurer, George M. Tatham, Greenville Advocate; Executive Committee, J. W. Clinton, Polo Press; M. W. Mathews, Urbana Herald; Thomas Rees, Springfield Register. Charles Holt of the Kankakee Gazette read an essay on "Causes of Failure in a Printing Office," which was followed by suggestions from E. B. Fletcher of the Morris Herald. L. A. McLean, Urbana Herald, read a paper on "Special Editions," which was discussed at some length. Entertainment during the meeting consisted of a visit to Craddock College, a com- plimentary banquet given at the Tremont House and a ball at Roger's Hall, given by the citizens of Quincy. That women in journalism were understood and appreciated as early as 1887 may be judged by the following excerpts from the convention proceedings of that year, one from the hands of a man, two from the hands of women: Laurels tor the Women in 1887 The Honorable M. B. Castle of the Sandwich Argus gave the following address on "Women in Journalism." (Mr. Castle, after referring to his assignment, stated that he was asked to answer whether women as a rule are freer from bitter personal journalism than men? His answer was they surely are. He was asked, "What are their faults or graces?" He would say they had no faults, and their graces could not be told. The next question was journalism as a profession for women, and this he discussed as follows: ) • 74 Illinois Newspaper Dikictoky and History "To realize what journalism is as a profession for women, we must note what she has accomplished in it, and the obstacles she has been forced to overcome, for where history presents instances where woman has forced recognition of her powers in all ages, their common lot until recently has been that of burden bearers to lordly man. In 65 8 of this Christian era a Church Court gravely discussed the question as to whether she had a soul. And still later St. Chrysostom formulated a prayer describing her as a 'necessarv evil; a natural temptation; a desirable calamity; a domestic peril; a deadly fascination; a painted ill.' "For over 1600 years English literature is without prominent mention of a woman as an author, and in the United States it is only sixty-two years since Lydia Maria Child published 'Hobomok,' in 1824, a pioneer in the literary field, and the first of a long list of names. "But long ere 1824 woman had been known in journalistic work, though it was phenomenal. Mrs. Marian A. McBride, Secretary of the Woman's National Press Asso- ciation, tells us that the first daily paper of the world was established and edited by Elizabeth Mallet of London in 1702. "The first paper published in America was the Massachusetts Gazette and News Letter, edited (after the death of its founder) by Widow Margaret Draper, and was the only paper not suspended when the British besieged Boston. "In 1732 Anna Franklin issued the first newspaper of Rhode Island, in connection with it carrying on quite an extensive printing office. "In 1776 Sarah Goelserd published a newspaper at Newport, Long Island. "Clementine Ried, in 1772, printed and edited the Virginia Gazette, a paper devoted to the colonial cause, not then popular in the old dominion, and two years later Mrs. H. Boyle started a royalist paper bearing the same name. Mrs. Ried's paper was the first paper of the United States to publish the Declaration of Independence and the forma- tion of a new government on a new system. Glory enough, surelv, for the women — the first daily of the world, the first paper of America, and the first to announce the birth of our nation. And yet journalism was not considered a profession open to women. It was left for Margaret Fuller, in 1S44, only forty-two years ago, to break down the barrier to sex. "Today one of the largest publishing houses of this country is owned and managed by a woman. Mrs. Frank Leslie succeeded to a business which had been a great success in flush times, but had gradually dropped down with the contraction until, at the death of the founder, it was considered a bankrupt business. She was advised to sell it out, but with a confidence in her ability that has been abundantly verified by success, she asked extensions, to throw into its sluggish veins an energy which has won grand prosperity. "Madam Demorest of New York was a poor country girl, who sought the city for its opportunities. She entered the employment of the 'man milliner,' who soon found her worth and married her to place her at the head of his establishment, which she soon lifted out of its local reputation into a national one. Taking charge of the minor adver- tising sheet published by the same house, she dignified it to the worth and place of a journal, to become the most widely patronized and influential of its class on the continent. "Mrs. Myra Bradwell. of the Chicago Legal News, is another instance of women who have made journalism grandly successful. With her husband. Judge J. B. Bradwell, she organized this paper in 1868, making it from the first the most excellent law journal of the world, a standard authority on questions of law, even bevond statutes and decisions, as it gives the latest in all cases. At the same time they have built up one of Illinois Newspaper Directory and History the largest publishing houses in the northwest. Nor is that all. Mrs. Bradwell was the first lady to ask admission to the legal profession, fighting the battle that opened that profession -to her sex. Nor are these alone in the organization and management of great journalistic enterprises. Our country has proven a genius in woman by opening a field for its development, until the old-time sneer at her capacity, or want of capacity, has died upon the lip that formed it, to give place to honest admiration for her energy and administrative ability. "As the best authority on what women have done or are doing in this profession, let them tell their own stories. "Visiting rugged New England, and the most rugged state of that group for an example of 'woman in journalism,' let us call on Mrs. Esther T. Housh, editor of The Woman's Magazine, at Brattleboro, Vermont. She says, when near sixteen she began her duties on hearing a lady say, 'It is beautiful to see a woman lean upon a man,' she reply- ing, 'Do you not think it more beautiful to see a man strong enough to lean upon?' Mrs. Housh was the daughter of a clergyman, trained from youth in books and culture. She early became a contributor to The Lily, published by Dr. Mary F. Thomas of Indiana, and has continued prominent in journalism since. Ten years ago she established The Woman at Work, at Louisville, Kentucky, which strove for woman's development, helpfulness, companionship and culture, and she still continues to advocate woman's cause at Brattleboro, where among the rugged hills of Vermont, brains and culture and character have ever seemed of more natural growth than corn or wheat. Speaking of the success of this magazine Mrs. Housh says: I take no praise. There are many writers who have felt this the way God wanted them to help humanity. Its pages have been like a garden wherein flowers of thought were set, and about which the sunshine of love was thrown. It has been my joy to keep the flowers growing and the weeds out.' "The plan of the journal is unique, it being the organ of no clique or clan, but as another has said: 'It is a light in the literary window, a type of thoughtful, cultured, Christian literature.' Its creed is written in the words, 'We believe reverently in Chris- tianity, respectfully in man, devotedly in woman, and lovingly in children. That children need to be better cared for, woman better encouraged, man better helped, and God better honored.' "Mrs. Elizabeth Boynton Harbert at 23 years of age was a paid contributor to the New York Independent, Cincinnati Gazette, Chicago Post, and Des Moines Register, besides writing for various magazines. She has been a musical composer and author as well, but has become best known as the creator of the 'Woman's Kingdom,' of the Inter Ocean, through which medium her graceful pen made her a welcome guest in thousands of homes. She has not only won a place for herself, but she has opened up higher possi- bilities to many of her sex, showing them how to grow stronger, more helpful, more self reliant, and more successful. "Clara B. Colby, editor of the Woman's Tribune, Beatrice, Nebraska, says: 'I have trained myself to expect small visible returns from the most arduous efforts. I have scattered the paper, unpaid, by the thousands, content to help in building up sentiment, and removing prejudice, and when I make up my ledger I can add as large a balance of this sort of profit to my credit as I please, and that keeps me in heart.' Mrs. Colby's experience is precisely that of masculine editors in all except the 'heart' part, and the substitution of 'swear' words for 'heart' would make the application perfect. "She further says those exchanges which have departments conducted by women, or like the Boston Traveler, having women on the editorial staff, are among the ablest and most interesting. 76 Illinois \'i w si>ai>i k Directory and History "Speaking of employment she s.iys: 'There is one field that I think peculiarly adapted to women, and that is editing and publishing papers in small towns. I believe most thoroughly in the possibilities of local journalism for women. The best thing about journalism in all its phases is that it is reasonably compatible with the tastes of women for a sheltered and domestic life. For instance, all my work for the Tribune — except the making up of the paper — is done in my library, which is really the rallying place for my family clans, so I am with them, and of them, all the time. I doubt if a man could attend to all the business, writing, and editorial work, of a paper with one eye on the barn and the other on the baby; with one ear for the kitchen, and the other for the doorbell.' "Miss Mary Allen West, the gifted editor of the Union Signal, the leading temper- ance paper of the Union, with a constituency of IS 0,000 in the United States, in the National Union, and 24,000 in this state, counting W.C.T.U. and Band of Hope, has been a journalist almost from infancy. She has been a contributor to all the leading educational journals of the state, editor of a department of a local paper, an editor of the Social Science Journal, of Chicago, of the Home Monthly, of Philadelphia, and as educator, reformer, leader of thought, of social life, has won an advanced place in the history of the times. "Miss Frances E. Willard writes of her journalistic experience: 'At 14 my first article was returned, and "Zoa" received good advice, but the publication of "Rustic Musings" by the Prairie Farmer, a year later, drove me wild with delight. At 18 I had a work ready, "Rupert Mellville and His Comrades," but before venturing out with it into the cold world, I sent a novelette, alliteratively embellished "Jenny and John," to the Ladies Repository, at Cincinnati, which was promptly accepted by Bishop Wiley. A year passed by in which I watched for its appearance even as they who watch for the morning. I then wrote to the editor, who replied that he thought it must have been mislaid, and they could not undertake to hunt up manuscripts. That was another turn- ing point, for, with untold heartache, I decided that if my story had been good it would not have been lost. When nineteen years of age I had an essay in the Chicago Tribune, and gratefully acknowledge the encouragement of its acceptance. When my sister-in- law, Mrs. Mary B. Willard, and I, urged by the stockholders to be the forlorn hope of the Chicago Post, vainly tried to save the day for its already sinking fortunes, after my brother's death, we received more letters of censure for advertisements "not up to grade," morally, than of praise for our pathetic struggle to do well. The dear public did not know that we refused contracts from saloons that would have put breath into the gasp- ing enterprise, and that the advertisements complained of were beyond our control, having been paid for before we assumed the management. After that experience I always had a more intelligent appreciation of the newspaper fraternity.' "Having briefly sketched the past and present of women in journalism, let us recall the influence of these women on our national life, philanthropic and political. "Many can remember when the Nation was 'half slave and half free.' There were many in the Nation who denounced it as unwise — criminal, but none could devise a practical remedy, and the disgrace of a people boasting of individual liberty, while holding fast to individual slavery, was continued. The few opposed, scolded, but the majority participated or defended, and public sentiment said let it go on. By and by a hurried housewife commenced to write. She was a journalist — of a family of journal- ists — who thought she could weave an interesting story from living material, and while busied about the work of a modest home she matured a plan. With a foot on the cradle rocker, she penned the thoughts, a word today, a sentence yesterday, a paragraph last week; and through the columns of a newspaper 'Uncle Tom's Cabin' burst, blazed upon Illinois Newspaper Dirfctory and History the intelligence of the world. Prejudices were swept away in a moment. The flimsy arguments of slavery advocates were demolished in a breath. Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe, by that one immortal fiction, had awakened the sentiment that made success against the revolt of the slave states possible. Before that education — before Mrs. Stowe's 'Uncle Tom' — the North would have let the 'wayward sisters depart in peace,' to wage forever an unnatural border war between slavery and freedom. After that publication there was a principle at stake and universal freedom became an honored fact. "Ten days after the fall of Sumter, April IS, 1861, about fifty ladies — mostly writers for the press — met in New York City, to consider what steps might be taken to relieve the sufferings of camp and field, Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, just returned from Europe, where she had known intimately of the Crimean work of Florence Nightingale, calling the meeting. Some of you know the horrors following in the train of the army made up of volunteers from civil life. More of our boys were dying by the wayside, through homesickness and neglect, than from active service. A hospital was an earthly hell, and the attendants ministering spirits of evil, while too often the head surgeon was a veritable head satan undisguised. In him there was no doubt of a personal devil. "These ladies formed an organization that grew into the great sanitary commission — that right arm of God and the Union — divesting war of many horrors, and giving back to loving friends thousands of valuable lives. In one of the desperate battles of that strife Governor Oglesby was dangerously wounded. The surgeon. Dr. Wardner, examined the wound to find it a critical case. He called to his aid his only assistant on whose nerve he could rely, i.e., his wife, Mrs. Louise R. Wardner, another gifted journalist, and she sat patiently holding her finger upon the throbbing artery until the flowing life- current could be checked, and then day after day watched beside the bedside until hope took the place of despair, and our loved governor was saved. Years after, Mrs. Wardner sat in a crowded assembly listening to the words of burning eloquence of this soldier orator, when his eye caught sight of her. Stopping in the middle of a sentence he said: 'Wait a moment, fellow citizens, until I shake hands with the woman who saved my life.' And passing down into the auditorium they clasped hands for a hearty shake. "A quarter of a century passed, during which the 'swords were beaten into plough- shares,' and the arts of peace took the place of the arts of war, and other wrongs began to attract the attention of philanthropists and moralists — to become agitating and absorbing elements in civil and political life. The use of stimulants was discussed, and ignored, assailed and defended, but could not get a hold on party platforms. It was claimed to be a social, not a political, element. "Then there stood before an immense audience, gathered not only in the city of St. Louis, but throughout the Nation, a slight, delicate woman journalist, advocating with keen wit and irresistible logic, that the 15 0,000 members of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union should declare in favor of woman's suffrage, as the only possible way to stop the ravages of the drink habit, and of a prohibition party as the exponents of their principles. "The victory was won. Miss Frances E. Willard was the leader of a nineteenth century exodus, leading out from old parties into a new, forming an aggressive party to contest for the political supremacy of this western hemisphere, for the glory of our system, when time shall have proven it permanent, will overshadow and rule this land from Cape Horn to Behring Strait. Bear in mind I am neither attacking nor defending the action. It is simply my task to note the influence of women journalists, and Miss Willard completes the three eras I have chosen, since they entered this profession, to give a partial view of their power over the thought of the age: h i iNHs \i wsi'api k Dire< roRY and History "First — Mrs. Harriet Becchcr Stowe forming an anti-slavery sentiment sufficiently strong to overthrow slavery. "Second — Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell forming the great humanitarian agency of the sanitary commission. "Third — Miss Frances E. Willard crystallizing the moral sentiment of the nation into a political party based on the two live issues of this generation, and all this during the life time of some of the pioneers in woman's work. "One does not need to be especially wise to learn that women have adapted them- selves to journalism, and adopted journalism as a profession. In some instances they have been forced into it — in others it has been choice; but they have surely developed an adaptation which will make them permanent members of the guild. "The world needed them there; there they can be useful to themselves as bread- winners, and to the world in toning down the asperities inherent to the sterner sex. They can aid to a broader philanthropy, to a purer government, to higher aims in individual and national life. "Woman has introduced a conscience into journalism which may be fostered with- out detriment to the profession. She has purified it from the grossness of the past without loss of brilliancy or power. She has made the newspaper the educator in the home, and hence the moulder of home character and national intelligence. In her home she has lifted journalism from its old time vulgarity and driven out that sort of personality which made the paper a mirror to reflect the piques, vagaries and vanities ot its owners, requiring — demanding — a useful educator, something to elevate, purify, and ennoble, until this land, where she has her broadest liberty in journalism, leads all others in the universality of its culture and the broadness of its moral development. "But woman needs no eulogy from me. She has proven her willingness and ability to speak for herself, and it is with great pleasure that I close this imperfect and random paper to listen to one of the most brilliant of her sex, who will give us the strongest possible living illustration of the power and fitness of women in journalism." Mary Allen West's Organization and Vision Miss Mary Allen West of the Union Signal, Chicago, also gave an address on "Women in Journalism." Her speech follows: "The Illinois Woman's Press Association grew out of the conviction on our part that we did not know as much as we might, and did not do such good work that we could not do any better. To fit us for better work is the primary object of this Asso- ciation. As our constitution declares, our first hope to attaining this object is by providing a means of communication between women writers throughout the state. Illinois has many women writers but we know little of each other, or each other's work. Seeing how much good you gentlemen seem to find in your Association, we thought we would follow your example, and see if we could not gain some of your wisdom. "We cannot say that we have grown very wise, but we do know more than we did a year ago. We have gained that knowledge of each other's work that begets interest, have learned to see eye to eye; our horizon has been extended because we now look out of each other's eyes as well as out of our own, and we have learned to love each other so well that I don't believe one of 'us editors' has said a hateful thing about another editor during the year. What stronger proof of our good comradeship can you ask? "From mutual knowledge has grown mutual helpfulness, till it is coming to be true of us as of the manna-gatherers, she that gathereth much hath nothing over, and she that gathereth little doth nothing lack, because the stores of each are open to the other's needs. 79 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "Though but a year-old Association our membership already represents Chicago, Evanston, Springfield, Peoria, Galesburg, Moline, Effingham, Anna, Cairo, and several other cities. Its members are engaged on the great dailies and the country newspapers, the magazines, monthlies and quarterlies; it includes authors whose books are selling by the tens of thousands, and writers in law, medicine and the ministry. It also claims the quiet, deep thinkers, sheltered from the rush and friction of our work-a-day lives and thus fitted to be the balance wheels of our Association. "The second object is not so clear-cut in our constitution — 'to secure all the benefits arising from organized effort.' There is a mistiness encircling this expression which we are free to confess typifies our condition of mind when it was adopted. We did not know just what benefits might result from organized effort, but whatever they were we were determined to secure them. The year has been, largely, one of experiment to ascertain what these benefits may be. This experimenting does not make much showing above ground, but we believe it has laid firm foundations. "At our public meetings we have discussed many practical topics, among them Woman's Opportunity in Journalism — for light on this theme we called in Mr. Busby, of the Inter Ocean — Truth in Journalism, and other cognate themes. But we do not think our strength lies either in speech making or in discussions. Our forte is plans of work. The first plan we perfected was for securing better reports of women's meetings. These are proverbially hard to report — by men — both because women talk rapidly and because the themes discussed and the methods of treating them differ from those of men's meetings, making it difficult for gentlemen reporters to become en rapport with them. Hence many reports of our literary, missionary, temperance, and other gather- ings, are very unsatisfactory. "A plan to remedy this was successfully tried at the State W.C.T.U. Convention at Moline. I am glad of an opportunity to present it to you, as, to carry it out success- fully, we must have your co-operation. In brief, the plan is this: Whenever a ladies' convention is to be held in the state, we put ourselves in communication with its presid- ing officer and with the local editors of the place where it is held, securing their co-operation. Our object is to secure the best possible reports of the meeting with the least trouble and expense to the local editor. We ask the President to appoint from the convention as many ready writers as there are papers in the place, and these amateur reporters are instructed to note down the things most worthy to be reported, and hold their notes in readiness for use by the local reporters. We inform the editors of this arrangement, telling them that if they will send their reporters to the meeting just before they need the report for the press, each can secure one from the notes of the ladies; as there are as many ladies taking notes as there are papers, each one secures an individualized report. "It can be as full as desired, giving the best things of the entire session, instead of the few items the reporter must gather from a hurried visit, unless he devotes the entire day to this one meeting — a thing few reporters can do. Then as the selection of points to be reported is made by women thoroughly conversant with the entire work of the convention, they will be better prepared to select those most deserving of record. "This plan has been tried at two conventions, and pronounced a success by the local editors. We invite you all to help us put it into practice whenever there shall be a ladies' convention in your midst. "Another of our plans of work has elicited much thought; more, probably, than anything else connected with our organization. It is the bringing of work and workers together. There is much literary work to be done; there are many anxious to do it; the problem is, how can these workers and this work be brought together. We need your 80 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History help in solving this problem. You .ire older in the work than we are; know better what are its needs and the qualifications of those who would meet them. Hence, here we desire your co-operation, as well as in the line of work first specified. "Working along this line we soon discovered that a great obstacle in the way of finding employment for those who desire it is that frequently they are not prepared to do good work. We have had all sorts of geniuses apply to us, but if they were unsuccess- ful it usually proved to be because they lacked the genius of hard work. They believed in inspiration more than in rules of syntax or of rhetoric; indeed they are sublimely ignorant of a great many things they must know before their work will be acceptable in any market. Now, there are applicants and applicants, and the dividing line between them is, some will learn these things and some will not. We try to separate the sheep from the goats, and to find for the sheep green pastures. "Our Mrs. Harbert, whom you, by priority of her membership, claim as your Mrs. Harbert, has assisted in this work by preparing a leaflet giving plain, practical directions for the mechanical preparation of manuscript. Our committee on Editing Manuscript goes deeper. To them is assigned the helpful, but not very attractive, work of examining manuscript prepared by young authors, deciding impartially upon its merits, and honestly advising the author as to offering it for publication. A natural sequence to this is the committee on Publishing, whose work it is to seek for publishers for really worthy manuscripts. All these are auxiliary to one great aim — helping young writers by assisting them in learning to rightly estimate their own powers, and opening fields for the exercise of those powers. "Much more pleasant is the work of our committee on Information. Their business is to keep themselves prepared to tell where information can be obtained on various specified subjects. Such information is often invaluable to writers, old as well as young. Members of this committee must be lovers of books, at home in libraries as well as in the active life which pulsates outside library walls; and must have that keen scent for data which leads them to discover their hiding place. Of this committee Mrs. Wakeman is the heart and soul, and this is sufficient to insure its success. "Frances Power Cobb says that women, left free to act, always gravitate to the philanthropies. We prove that we are women free to act by doing just this thing. From its very beginning we have formed a part of the Chicago Protective Agency, through which every working woman, every unprotected girl in that great wicked city may feel that she has the sympathy and support of the combined womanhood of the city. We further demonstrate the fact by the creation of a department of Philanthropy, by which we, as writers, shall keep ourselves abreast of the times by keeping ourselves well posted as regards the great philanthropic movements which distinguish this century from any of its predecessors. We are keenly interested — as we trust you are — in the bills now before our Legislature for scientific temperance instruction; for securing laws for the better protection of women; for the establishment of Industrial Schools for girls and for boys who should be wards of the State; for placing women on boards of chanties, and wherever else the mother element is needed to secure the greatest good to the unfortunate, the sinning, and the sorrowing. In short, we are human, and every interest of humanity is dear to us, and we hold our talents as a trust from God, to be used in the service of man. "Excuse the egotism of this paper. I had no thought when I commenced it, late Monday night, after a most exasperating day's work, that it would run wholly on our own affairs. I thought to tell you of a most delightful trip some of us made to the South, and what we learned of journalism there, of the organization of societies kindred to our own in New England, in Washington, in North Carolina, instead of telling you Illinois Newspaper Directory and History of ourselves alone. But looking at what we have done and what we hope to do, the thought of how much more effective our work could be with your co-operation, has betrayed me into this setting forth of our first year's efforts, hoping to enlist your interest arid co-operation. "As individuals we work together; it is fast coming to pass that there is scarcely a paper in the state which has not both men and women on its staff. Collectively we can do much to benefit each other, and to educate and elevate public sentiment, thus helping to usher in the day when each man's weal shall be every man's care." A third address on "Women in Journalism" was given by Mrs. Antoinette V. Wakeman, of Chicago, as follows: "One who knew Emerson intimately tells me that he never upon any occasion made excuse, and that he affirmed with great earnestness, when speaking of excuse-making, that nine times out of ten those to whom excuse was made would never have known that apology was neded but for its being offered. There is no doubt that this most distinguished of the distinguished literati of old Concord was quite right, and that, as a rule, excuse is worse than superfluous. But there is always the exception which fur- nishes proof for the rule, and I am perfectly sure that the little I have to offer on 'Women in Journalism' comes under the head of this exception, and that it would be less than due respect to the Association I am addressing and less than creditable to the Association which I represent to fail to make an explanation for presenting this very hastily prepared and inadequate paper. "When the Woman's Press Association received the invitation to send a representa- tive to the annual meeting of this Association it was decided that our brilliant and capable member, Mrs. Elizabeth Boynton Harbert, should represent us. I was, without my knowledge, made an alternate, and owing to a series of contretemps, such as we are all more or less familiar with, it was not decided until a very short while ago that I, as alternate, must represent our Association. Then, when I applied to the member of our committee on information for literary workers, who has in charge the data in regard to women in journalism, fully expecting assistance, I was informed that in response to Senator Castle's request such information had been forwarded to him some weeks previous. So at the eleventh hour 1 was left quite without resource, and as I am not a woman of leisure, but a regular worker, I was also without time at my command. However, in proof of the old assertive adage that 'whatever is, is right,' Senator Castle had used the said material sent him so much more effectively than I could have done, that, for the illumination of the subject, which is really the main issue, it is entirely fortunate that he obtained it, disheartening as it was to me when I discovered the source of my supply, as it were, cut off. Indeed, if our ever helpful President, Miss Mary Allen West, had not consented to supplement the little I should be able to say by some remarks on women in journalism and upon what our Association has done, I should not have had the assurance to have appeared before you. "I know of no broader or more fitting field of labor for woman than journalism. Particularly is this true since the lines between journalistic and literary work are, as it were, dissolving into each other, and our leading newspapers throughout the country are publishing in supplement and so-called magazine not only the work of the best writers of the day, but other original literary work of merit. Not only is it true that journalism is a fitting field of labor for woman, but it is also more accessible to her than most professions. I ground this last assertion upon my own observation and experience, and use the word profession as presupposing some sort of natural fitness, and also some fitting preparation. 82 Illinois Newspaper Directory \nd History "The subtle and keen intuition which is woman's birthright; her powers of minute and quick observation, and her impressionability, adaptability, and intensity give her special fitness for literary and journalistic work. Moreover, of all employments which are possible to woman (and she has proven that most employments are possible to her) there is perhaps none against which the oft-repeated and much-brought-forward argu- ment of her natural and proper expectation of domesticity obtains less than against journalistic and literary work. For while the mistress of a home may not be able to engage in constant, active, every-day journalism, she may yet do a great deal of work in this line if she has been previously prepared for doing it and chooses to devote the time to her pen which is generally given to meaningless society and gossip. I have in mind now two women whom I have known who were marked illustrations of this, being at once home-keepers and regular journalistic workers. One of them, the mother of five children, did uninterruptedly for years the art work for a leading daily paper, and in doing this in no way neglected her duties as a wife and mother. Indeed, hers was an excellently-ordered house, and I scarcely know of a more pleasant family circle. The other was a little woman, originally from New England, who did the art and other work for a dailv paper, as well as occasional correspondence, and was a notably nice house- keeper, whose husband's special pride (he was also a journalist) was in his perfectly-kept, pretty home. "1 have said that the journalistic profession was more accessible to women than most other professions. Editors are as anxious to get really excellent work for the different departments of their journals as the most intensely anxious writer is to see his work favorably placed in the art preservative, and will, as a rule, accept such work without regard to the sex, color, race, or class distinctions of the writer, and a woman who will do really good work with a little patience and perseverance can obtain a hear- ing. So true is it that editors are anxious for really good work that when a writer gives promise they are kindly, patient, and helpful employers. I do not at all agree with Eliza Archard, who affirms that men want all the plums for themselves, and therefore try to keep women out of journalism. I am perfectly certain that humanity, taken individually, will each of them grasp the plum if possible, but there certainly is no concerted action in the journalistic field against woman. The very fact that she has never been known to strike for higher wages would, when she is capable of doing the work required, gain for her favorable consideration with those in authority. I have even known the very busy managing editor of one of the largest dailies in the West, outside of Chicago, to have repeatedly given the benefit of his suggestion in regard to manuscript not intended for his paper. This he did to assist a woman who was working against some odds to gain a place as a journalist and literary worker. "If, then, journalism is a fitting field for the effort of women and is accessible to them, and as the first daily paper printed in the world was established in London, in 1702, by Elizabeth Mallet, and the first newspaper ever published in America was edited for some years by Margaret Draper, after the death of her husband, who established it (it was called The Massachusetts Gazette and News-Letter) , they certainly had a fair start in the beginning, and the question arises why, of the thousands who are employed in this kind of work in America, only two hundred are women. This two hundred numbers only the women who are employed in journalism. If those employed in literary work were included the showing would be much larger, but would still be but a small proportion of the whole. I have sought somewhat diligently for the reason of this, and I believe that the peculiar kind of ability which woman possesses is at once her strength and her weakness. Her sensibility and impressionability make her hyper-sensitive to criticism. Her intuitions are likely to make her impatient of direction, for she quickly Illinois Newspaper Directory and History gains results which she feels are true, but which she must go, crab-like, backward to find any expressible reason for. Her intensity is likely to lead her to mistake the small orbit in which she is circling for the world at large; to deem the little segment she sees the whole circle. The intensity uncontrolled causes a waste of energizing force, and so a lack of that most essential element, the 'staying quality.' It also makes her what the English call 'viewy,' and causes her not only to adhere with what might be termed blind conscientiousness to her convictions, but to insist upon at least presenting these same convictions to others. All of which obtain against her as an employe and against strong, far-reaching, well-balanced results as an employer in journalistic work. I am perfectly certain that when woman controls, directs, and uses to the best advantage the excellent gifts with which she is endowed; when she puts conceit and all small considerations from her, maintaining a high courage in herself and a fine consideration for others, and in working with men goes forward, asking no quarter, with aggressive energy in finding the work to do, with honest effort to do it well when she has found it, with a vigorous purpose, which will not change its course or acknowledge defeat, and above all, with undeviating good temper, she will make her way as well as any man — nay, she will make her way with men. Said a prominent newspaper man to me, in speaking of a little lady who had worked her way up to a very good position: 'We all like Mrs. . She never shirks her work. She never makes us feel that we must stop to be polite to her. She doesn't chatter and she doesn't make a nuisance of herself in any way. She will hold her place against all comers, and will be likely to gain a better one.' Of course, it goes without saying that a woman must be first born to something of a head- heritage, and then must master to the last detail the formalities of her work. We hear something about forcing recognition. It is not force, but fitness, which is needed to gain for women recognition and place. In these last days of the nineteenth century the world is not so very different than it has been all along, and going back among the years we find that woman has taken exalted place when she has demonstrated her fitness to occupy such place. "Miriam, who poured forth her rapturous song of deliverance of the shore of the Red Sea, which song is the first record we have of the literary effort of a woman, held such sacred place that the rabbinical legend tells us in beautiful, poetic figure that a fountain of living water sprang up in her footsteps. "Deborah, under her Judean palm, glowing with the fire of faith and spiritual energy, was by king and people accorded all honor, and Barak, commander of the hosts, begged her to grant him her inspiring companionship, and together they went out against Sisera to victory. "The 'violet-crowned' Sappho, in her island home, with its groves of olive and of pomegranate, swept about by the blue tides of the Aegean sea, had in her time all the world of learning at her feet, and across the sweep of the centuries from then till now she still commands place and homage. "Aspasia, of Periclean Athens, was accorded pre-eminent place by the philosophers and literators of the Attic capital, and numbered among her admiring intellectual com- panions and friends even the grand old Socrates. "Corinna, of Thebes, who wrote in Pindar's time, and who occupied the extraordi- nary dual relation to him of his rival and his friend, reached universal recognition and eminent place by her ability and industry, Pindar, himself, gracefully and even grate- fully accepting her criticism when she advised him to moderate the ardor of his fancy, and assured him that he should 'sow with the hand, and not with the whole sack.' "Hypatia, daughter of the learned Theon, of Alexandria, was not, on account of being a woman, denied her father's place as governor of the schools of that center of Illinois Newspaper Directory and History learning, but because of her exhaustive acquirements and entire fitness was given the chair previously occupied by Herocles and other famous men. "The laws of Martia the Just' were not rejected because she was a woman, but, as they were wholesome, reasonable, and equitable, were accepted, and became the basis of the Martian statutes. So on through all the record of the ages down to our own day, time, and place, when the work of Myra Bradwell, for its excellence, its unduplicated value commands the commendation of men of the finest minds throughout the land, she, herself, being accorded high and honorable place in the legal profession, women have been given such position and honor as their ability has commanded. And I affirm, with no fear of successful contradiction, that the open sesame for women in the field of journalism, as to all other fields of labor, is fitness. There is no finer truth than is contained in these two lines: 'What is excellent, as God lives, is permanent.' There is no sex in excellence, and when women bring to the world that which has intrinsic value it will be, as it has ever been, received and retained. How high and broad a place woman will have rests with herself. If, as seems likely, she shall give more attention to jour- nalism in the future than formerly, it will be the better for journalism. Not that I claim that she will, because she is purer, purify journalism. I claim no superiority for her. I have unbounded faith in humanity, and I make the assertion only on this ground that of the two great forces which in their mighty operations control all that space contains, centrifugal and centripetal, woman may be said to occupy the centripetal. It is when these forces are nearest in equilibrium that the best results are attained. I believe that the force which women may bring into journalistic work would result in a com- pleteness which it would be good to have and I should be glad to see more able women fit themselves for this broad and progressive field of labor." The twenty-third annual session of the Illinois Press Association was held at Bloomington, on January 31, February 1 and 2, 1888. The members convened in the First Baptist Church and were called to order by President J. K. LeBaron of the Elgin Every Saturday. There was larger attendance than had previously been present at an opening meeting. The Honorable L. B. Thomas, Mayor of Bloomington, welcomed the Association, and the President responded. A memorial service was held for the four members who had died during the preceding year. M. B. Castle of the Sandwich Argus spoke of the late H. L. Boies of the Sycamore True Republican; J. K. LeBaron of the Elgin Even- Saturday, of the late G. W. Alden of the Palatine Enterprise; G. E. Doying of the Jacksonville Courier, of the late C. M. Eames of the Jacksonville Journal; and both Charles Holt of the Kankakee Gazette and H. A. Coolidge of Litchfield, of the late S. P. Rounds of the Chicago Printers' Cabinet. In the executive session papers were read on "Legislation; Past, Present, and Future; How It Has Been and How It May Be Secured," by E. A. Snively, Springfield and Carlinville, and on "Railroads and the Press," by M. W. Mathews; remarks on the latter subject were made by Willis Hawkins of the Lockport News and others. The subject, "How to Establish a Basis of Rates for Advertising," was opened by Wade Erret of the Chicago Ledger and discussed by C. L. Clapp, Carrollton Patriot; R. Lynn Minton, Decatur Talk; George M. Tatham, Greenville Advocate; J. J. Ander- son, Nashville Democrat; J. W. Clinton, Polo Press, and others. Other papers on advertising were "Foreign Advertising," by A. Leiberknecht of the Geneseo Republic, and J. M. Bush of the Pittsrield Democrat; and "Local Advertising," by W. W . Lowis, Lena Star, and G. L. Tipton, Girard Gazette. Illinois Newspaper Directory' and History "Premiums — Do They Pay" was the next subject; papers were presented by T. H. Stokes of the Lincoln Times and T. O. Johnston of the Oregon Reporter. After a spirited discussion a vote of the members present was taken which resulted in an almost unanimous decision that premiums did not pay. Papers were read by E. D. Conley, Joliet Signal, and John N. Onstott, Petersburg Democrat, on the subject of "Cash in Advance — Should It Be Enforced?" Opinions varied in the discussion on this but the majority agreed that it should be enforced — if it could be. "Country Correspondence — Is It Worth What It Costs?" was the subject of papers read by John N. Onstott, Petersburg Democrat, and Horace Crihfield, Atlanta Argus, and discussed by other members. Mr. Onstott cited the returns on fifteen queries he had sent to publishers which gave evidence that country correspondence paid. C. E. Loomis, Amboy Journal, read a paper on "Pi." A. H. Lowrie of the Elgin News followed with a short talk on the advisability of making the Illinois Press Asso- ciation auxiliary to the National Editorial Association, at the conclusion of which he introduced Mr. B. B. Herbert of Red Wing, Minnesota, ex-president of the National Editorial Association, who further explained the aims and objects of the National Association. M. W. Mathews, Urbana Herald, on b.-half of the executive committee, reported that there was a lack of funds to meet the expenses incurred by the Association during the past year, because of the efforts made to secure an excursion and the expense incident to the work of the committee on legislation. On motion of C. M. Cyrus, Pontiac Gazette, the entire membership of the Association was assessed one dollar each. In addition, E. A. Snively, Springfield and Carlinville, offered a motion which was carried, to the effect that voluntary contributions be made to the Association and amounts raised as called for by the Treasurer's report. Officers elected were: President, L. A. McLean, Urbana Herald; Vice Presidents, Owen Scott, Bloomington Bulletin; T. O. Johnston, Oregon Reporter; J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat; Secretary, E. B. Fletcher, Morris Herald; Treasurer, George M. Tatham, Greenville Advocate; Executive Committee, M. W. Mathews, Urbana Herald; Thomas Rees, Springfield Register; J. K. LeBaron, Elgin Every Saturday. The president-elect was authorized to appoint a committee of three on legislation and on motion of M. W. Mathews, Urbana Herald, the Association requested that E. A. Snively, Springfield and Carlinville, be appointed to that committee. Under escort of the citizens' committee of Bloomington the members of the Asso- ciation and their wives made a tour of the city. A reception by the citizens was given at the Windsor Hotel on Wednesday evening. 1889 The twenty-fourth annual session was held at Danville on February 12, 13 and 14, 1889. President L. A. McLean of the Urbana Herald presided over the meeting which was held at Lincoln Hall. The Association was welcomed by the Mayor, James Sloan, and President McLean responded to his address. He then gave the annual president's address, stressing the high standards and educational value of the press and the Illinois Press Association. Suggestions made for the business department of the Association were that contracting prices for foreign advertising be uniform; that the proposed individual membership fee of three dollars in addition to the publication admission fee be adopted; and that remonstrance be made against the competition of the Government in the printing and stationery trade. S6 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History The regular program began with a paper from Thomas Rees, Springfield Register, on advertising, followed by discussion. Julius Schneider, Joliet News, read a paper on the subject, "Soliciting and Collecting." The subject of "Bookkeeping" was presented by C. C. Marquis, Bloomington Panta- graph, who illustrated his subject with a large ledger sample page, a facsimile of the system he was presenting. M. H. Peters, Watseka Times, followed with a paper on the subject of "Purchasing." W. H. Henrichsen, Quincy Herald, gave a paper on "Schemes," presenting "pointers" which could be acted upon to advantage by the mem- bers of the fraternity. Owen Scott, Bloomington Bulletin, one of the delegates from Illinois to the National Editorial Association, which convened at San Antonio, Texas, and made a tour through Texas and Mexico during the month of November, was introduced, and told of the territory and the people of the neighbor Republic. The address had the effect of strengthening the desire of the members to make the proposed trip. The committee, to which had been referred the matter of an excursion through Mexico, reported that the trip, covering a period of twenty days, would cost not over $75 for each member of the party. The officers elected for 1889-1890 were: President, Owen Scott, Bloomington Bulletin; Vice Presidents, W. W. Lowis, Lena Star; George W. Harper, Robinson Argus; S. Y. Thornton, Canton Ledger; Secretary, E. B. Fletcher, Morris Herald; Treasurer, George M. Tatham, Greenville Advocate; Executive Committee, Thomas Rees, Spring- field Register; J. K. LeBaron, Elgin Every Saturday, and L. A. McLean, Urbana Herald. "Exchanges" were then discussed briefly, following which discussion Frank W. Havill, Mt. Carmel Register, spoke on "Editorial Writing." It was resolved that the Inland Printer, of Chicago, be endorsed as a technical trade journal by the Association. C. Boeschenstein, Edwardsville Intelligencer, read a paper on "Special Articles," which was followed by a paper by A. C. Cameron, Inland Printer, Chicago, on the "Mechanical Department of a Printing Office." A memorial to the late Mrs. Cynthia Patrick Bostwick, Mattoon, was read by Eliza- beth Boynton Harbert of the then Chicago New Era; and of the late Will R. Carleton of the Sumner Press, by George W. Harper, Robinson Argus. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Chapter IV A Famous Meeting and Excursion 1890 The twenty-fifth annual session of the Association was held at Peoria, February 18, 19 and 20, 1890. On Tuesday evening in Rouse's Hall, President Owen Scott of the Bloomington Bulletin called to order a membership larger than that at any previous opening meeting. Charles Clark, Mayor of Peoria, briefly welcomed the Association and the President responded. The Honorable Edwin W. Stephens of the Herald, Columbia, Missouri, President of the Missouri Press Association and third Vice President of the National Editorial Association, addressed the meeting briefly and the courtesies of the floor were extended to him. The President's address and several other papers were devoted to the history of journalism and the Press Association in Illinois, in view of the anniversary character of the twenty-fifth annual meeting. The papers on this general topic were as follows: "Development of Job Work," by James L. Lee of the Chicago Album; by J. M. David- son of the Carthage Republican, on "Moral Progress in Journalism"; "Advancement of Local Journalism," by F. Y. Hedley of the Bunker Hill Gazette was read by J. J. Penny of the Pinckneyville Democrat; George W. Harper of the Robinson Argus on the general topic of "Twenty-Five Years of Journalism in Illinois." Letters were read from former members of the Association now residing in other States, who were unable to attend this anniversary meeting, to-wit: H. M. Kimball, St. Paul, Minnesota, formerly of the Carlinville Democrat; Fred L. Alles, Los Angeles, California, formerly of the Pontiac Sentinel; Cadet Taylor, Omaha, Nebraska, formerly of the Wenona Index; W. L. Glessner, Americus, Georgia, formerly of the Clinton Register, and from Boll and Clark, Red Oak, Iowa, both formerly of the Greenville Sun. The last mentioned letter contained an interesting excerpt on newspapers in Iowa: The bulk of home advertising is quite large in Iowa towns, as a rule. So, too, the circulation of the average Iowa county paper is quite large. But they are in the main pay-as-you-please subscribers, although a very fair average of them please to pay you at one time or another. The cash in advance system is growing in favor, and in time will be the rule rather than the exception. Country newspaper property sells for more money in Iowa, we believe, than in Illinois. We have in mind one country paper, with a fairly good outfit, in a county seat of some 4,000 population, a party paper of course, that sold for $12,000. And sales at $8,000, $6,000, or $5,000 are common. The Iowa country printing office is usually pretty well fitted out. It is comparatively rare now to find a hand press in a county seat town. Most of the county seat papers have power presses, and many have steam. President Owen Scott announced the committee on job printing specimens as J. W. Clinton, Polo Press; L. A. McLean, Urbana Herald; W. L. Jones, Lebanon Journal. They were instructed to procure specimens of job printing from the members of the Association to be presented at the next meeting. I I I IN. »ls \l w SPAPJ R DlRl I IDK-i \M1 1 llslORS, Secretary E. B. Fletcher, Morris Herald, announced that it would be impossible for him to accompany the excursionists to Mexico, and recommended that a committee consisting of President Owen Scott; J. J. Anderson of the Nashville Democrat, and George W. Cyrus of the Camp Point Journal, b: appointed to take charge of the excursion. On motion the committee was thus appointed. Mr. M. B. Castle of the Sandwich Argus moved a resolution of fraternal greetings and congratulations to the Woman's Press Association of Illinois, and was appointed by the President to convey the information to the Woman's Press Association. Mrs. Paul Selby, in the absence of her husband who was ill, read a paper by him entitled, "Three Periods of Illinois Journalism." H. L. Kiner of the Geneseo News offered a resolution which was unanimously adopted that the Illinois Press Association heartily and cordially endorse the claims of Chicago as the site for the World's Fair in 1892. I. K. LeBaron of the Elgin Every Saturday read the report of the committee on foreign advertising which showed wide variation in charges made for non-local advertis- ing of 102 papers. They found that the average rates, per 1,000 circulation, are si. 23 per inch for home "ads" and S4.08 for foreign "ads" per inch. S. Y. Thornton of the Canton Ledger presented the report of the committee on Distribution, to whom had been referred the President's address, to- wit: To the Illinois Press Association: Your committee on the address of the President of the Association has given the same consideration and embodied the suggestions made herein into the following resolutions which we recommend for adoption by the Illinois Press Association: Resoli ed, That we reiterate the former expressions of this Association, in opposition to the printing of envelopes and other stationer) by the United States government, in competition with the country printing offices; and that we co- operate with the National Editorial Association in urging upon Congress the passage of laws prohibiting the printing of stationery for the public by the government. Ri 'soli ed, That it is the sense ot t his Association that the newspapers of Illinois endorse and recommend the adoption of the Australian ballot system, or some other practical method of ballot reform. Resoli ed, That this Association favors the publication of the registry lists of voters in every township, in two newspapers of opposite politics in each county, immediately after the lists are made up, believing that it would greatly aid in protecting the ballot box from fraud. Resoh til. That we repeat former recommendations of this Association in favor of the publication ot the State laws in the newspapers ot the State. — Respect- fully submitted, S. Y. Thornton, C. D. Tufts, John A. Childs. The officers elected were: President, 1". B. Fletcher, Morris Herald; Vice Presi- dents, Thomas Rees, Springfield Register; J. J. Penny, Pinckneyville Democrat; Charles W. Warner, Hoopeston Chronicle; Secretary. J. M. Page, Jersey ville Democrat; Treas- urer, George M. Tatham, Greenville Advocate; Executive Committee, J. K. LeBaron, Elgin Every Saturday; L. A. McLean, Urbana Herald; Owen Scott, Bloomington Bulletin. Delegates to the National Editorial Convention were elected as follows: Charles Holt, Kankakee Gazette; H. Crihheld, Atlanta Argus; Owen Scott, Bloomington Bulletin; J. W. Clinton, Polo Press; M. B. Castle, Sandwich Argus; George W. C \ rus, Camp Point Journal; J. J. Anderson, Nashville Democrat; Thomas Rees, Springfield Register; Mrs. Myra Bradwell, Chicago Legal News; James B. Gill, Independent. Murphysboro; J. N. Onstott, Petersburg Democrat. S9 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Ac the last meeting of the National Editorial Association M. W. Mathews, Urbana Herald, was named by the delegation from this Association for the position of executive committeeman. On motion of E. B. Fletcher the action of the delegation was con- curred in. Illinois papers of the dates of twenty-five years ago and the present were presented as per request of the Executive Committee and a marked improvement in the matter, make-up, and mechanical appearance of the papers was manifest. Much real pleasure was evinced by members of the Association in looking over these "back numbers." The committee to whom the matter of preparing a scale of rates for foreign adver- tising had been referred offered the following report which was adopted and the committee discharged. To the Illinois Press Association: We, the committee to whom was referred the suggestion on rates for foreign advertising, report as follows: That as near as possible the following rates be considered minimum rates and that as much more be charged as desirable: Papers of 1,000 circulation and under charge 65 cents per inch per one hundred. 1,000 to 1,500 60 cents per inch per hundred 1,500 to 2,000 5 5 cents per inch per hundred Over 2,000 5 cents per inch per hundred That a discount of twenty-five per cent be given off of these rates for run of paper, but that the rate be considered net if position of any kind is given. That an additional five per cent be given off when metal bases are furnished, but nothing be given off for wooden bases. That we recommend $1.00 per line net per year be charged for each 1,000 circulation for reading notices, run of paper as the minimum rate, and twenty-five per cent additional be charged for special position. — J. K. LeBaron, L. A. McLean, William B. Whiffen. A letter of good wishes was read from J. W. Bailey of the Bureau County Repub- lican, founder of the Association. He stated that Oliver White of the then Stark County News and himself were the prime movers in the organization with the aim of organized effort of editors of the State for self-protection in libel suits and for protection of the people against secret confiscation of their property and the better protection of the ex- chequers of the much-abused and poorly-paid editors. He was a member of the first committee to arrange a just scale of rates for advertising and job work. Mr. James L. Lee of the Chicago Album presented a paper, speaking particularly of the increasing importance of lithography. A general discussion was held, "Shop Talk." Topics brought up were: "What is the best paying news for a country journal?" "What is the best way to secure country correspondence?" "Is a large or small exchange list desirable?" "Which pays best, plates or auxiliary sheets?" "What is the most durable type to use on a newspaper?" "What is a reasonable price to pay news and job compositors?" "What is a reasonable price for a weekly paper?" "How much ought it to cost per year to produce an average size paper with 1,000 circulation?" Mr. Edwin W. Stevens of Missouri spoke informally on several of these topics. G. W. Harper, Robinson Argus; J. M. Bush, Pike County Democrat, and M. H. Peters, Watseka Times, were appointed a committee to report at the next meeting on the advisability of employing an advertising solicitor for the Association. Mr. Thomas Rees of the Springfield Register called for E. A. Snively of the Carlin- ville Enquirer and addressed him as follows: 90 Illinois Newspaper Dikk iuio \m> History Mr. Snively: You were once president of this Association and are now an honorary member. You have always been an honor to this Association. We, the members, appreciate your interest in our behalf. Your interest has been evidenced by the fact that you have done perhaps more for us as newspaper men and as members of this Association than any other person, and we have received the benefit of your unremitting and unrewarded efforts. To you more than to any other one man or perhaps all men, is due the credit of having the enactment of the law requiring township officers to publish their annual reports, which has not only saved the people of the state from large loss by the misappropriation of funds, but also, as I am informed, pays the newspaper publishers of the State of Illinois more than $80,000 per year. You have attended our annual meetings and have offered to do for us more than we had a right to expect of you, and returning to your home have done more than you offered. You have been with us so long and have watched over us so carefully that you are really regarded as the father of this Association. We cannot repay you for your kindness; we do not intend to try it; but as an evidence of our appreciation of your kindness Mr. George L. Tipton and his estimable wife have prepared this casket. On first sight the intrinsic value of it may not appear great; but it is made of hard blocks of wood, contributed from more than one hundred printing offices of the State of Illinois, all bound and cemented firmly together, and yet the bond of union is not so strong as that which binds the hearts of the members of this Association to you. It is ingeniously con- structed and beautiful in design; this red within represents the warm love of every member of this Association for you; this blue is typical of the true friend we have always found in you; these crystal gems within are like the bright eyes of the ladies of this Association, those "eyes that mark your coming and grow brighter when you come." We ask you to take this keepsake from us and may the memories that are revived today grow brighter in all the years to come is the wish of the members of this Association. Mr. Snively responded, expressing his appreciation. Of those present at the meeting of organization twenty-five years before, there were present at this time (1890), S. Y. Thornton. Canton Ledger; J. M. Bush, Pike County Democrat; W. B. Whiffen, Woodford Sentinel, and Captain J. H. Burnham, Bloomington Pantagraph. During another general discussion the following topics were brought up: "Arc newspaper controversies beneficial?" "Does the Press of Illinois derive any benefits bv reason of the Illinois Press Association?" E. A. Snively, Carlinville Enquirer, pointed out good done through the legislature by the Illinois Press Association. He said: There has been at every session of the legislature some man u it h a bill to introduce to strike at the pocket of the newspaper man; it was the tax list, then non-resident notices, and then sheriff's sales. Since 1881 I have expected someone to come in with a bill to have the town bill repealed. It would not be .\n Illinois legislature without that or to repeal the tax list. I think these bills have been kept on the statute books through the efforts and watchfulness of the Illinois Press Association. The early history of the Association shows that at every meeting they appointed committees to prepare memorials. In 1873 we had a meeting of 5 or 60 publishers who did not belong to the Illinois Press Association and we paid a lawyer $150 or more to draw up a bill and present it and that was the last heard of it. On other occasions efforts have been made by editors outside the Press Association and failed. The Association has not undertaken anything that one conversant with ordinary legislation thought would be successful but it succeeded. 91 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History The annual statement of the Treasurer showed a balance of $275.79. J. H. Barton, Carbondale Free Press, reported the following resolutions: Resolved, That the thanks of this Association are due the local press of this city for the many attentions shown us; to the various railroads who have furnished transportation in accordance with the terms made by and between them and the Association; to the citizens generally for the use of a hall free of cost, for the pleasant ride on the street railroad, and for the most excellent arrangements for the reception and music on that occasion; to the Americus Club for invitations to attend the annual reception and ball. Resolved, That the thanks of the Illinois Press Association are tendered to Senator Shelby M. Cullom for introducing a bill in Congress for the repeal of the law which brings the government into competition with the printing offices of the country. In Memoriam addresses were read for Ezra G. Cass, formerly of the Paw Paw Times, by E. A. Snively; and for Elijah M. Haines, formerly of the Chicago Legal Advisor, by C. A. Partridge. The annual excursion for the year, to Mexico City, was the most extensive and profitable one taken by the Illinois Press Association. Sixty-three publishers and their wives took the trip, leaving Peoria on February 21. A delightful afternoon was spent in Hot Springs, Arkansas, where the travelers stopped at the new Hotel Eastman, one of the largest and finest hotels in the world, having 48 5 guest rooms. The next stop was at San Antonio where the party was taken in charge by a group of newspaper men and citizens and shown points of interest. A banquet was given at the Hotel Hamilton when they reached Laredo, on the Mexi- can border. The time was well taken up in Mexico City as there were many interesting things to see. President Diaz, of the Mexican Republic, cordially received the members of the Association. On the fourth day the party started the return journey stopping for a brief visit to Monterey. A final meeting was held on the train near Bismarck, Missouri. Resolutions were adopted expressing appreciation of the work of the officials of several railroads that made the trip possible, namely: the Jacksonville and Southeastern; the Wabash; the Iron Mountain Railroad; the Hot Springs Railroad; the Texas and Pacific; the International and Great Northern; the Mexican National, and the Monterey and Mexican Gulf Rail- road; also resolutions to President Diaz and other Mexican officials, and to the associa- tions, officials and citizens of the various cities visited. One of the resolutions is quoted in full: Resolved, That the papers represented in the Illinois Press Association advocate a modification of the present commercial treaty between the United States of America and the Republic of Mexico that will tend to reciprocity and closer trade relations between the two countries, which will undoubtedly be of mutual advantage. Mr. Selby's paper on "Three Periods of Illinois Journalism," which was given at this meeting is of sufficient importance to be reprinted here in full: 92 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History THREE PERIODS Ol ILLINOIS JOURNALISM Bj I'm i Si i by in 1890 "Mr. President and Members of the Illinois Press Association, Ladies and Gentle- men: At the special meeting of this Association, held at Springfield in February, 1879, it was my privilege to read before it a paper on the topic, 'A Quarter of a Century of Journalism,' in which I took occasion to refer briefly to incidents in the lives of some of those with whom it had been my fortune to be more or less intimately associated, as contemporaries in newspaper work, in the preceding twenty-five years. While I am deeply thankful for the kindly reception which that effort to throw some light upon the previous history of journalism in this Slate has met at the hands of the Association — and especially to my friend, Mr. Davidson, of the Carthage Republican, for his compli- mentary reference, in his excellent address, at the Urbana meeting in 1884 — it is but just to say, that no one can be more conscious than I am of its want of completeness, even as a directory of the names of those connected, at that time, with the Press of the State, and deserving especial mention on account of their eminence in the profession or in public affairs. At most, it was only an attempt to allude to those who had been identified with certain events in the history of the State, of which it fell within the province of that paper to make prominent mention. I hoped that some others might be induced, from their personal recollections or from their acquired knowledge, to enlarge upon the history of early newspaper men and enterprises in Illinois, and in this, I am glad to say, I have not been disappointed. The comprehensiveness and general accuracy ol the admirable historical addresses given by Messrs. McKenzie and Davidson, at Ur- bana, in 1884 — to the last of which I have already alluded — leave little to be added or desired, and render them a most valuable contribution to the archives of this Association and to State history. I have no regrets that the work, which they have so well performed, has compelled me to sacrifice a considerable amount of material that I had collected for this occasion. If, however, I shall enter briefly upon the field already so well occupied by them, it will not be to supplant their well done work, but rather to sup- plement it. "The earliest historians of the State make but meager mention of its newspaper press, or wholly omit to make any reference to its existence in anv form worthy of being regarded as history. This happens, first, perhaps, because the newspaper press was meager in itself, and, in the next place, because of a habit, common to us all, of regard ing whatever is intimately known to us as necessarily known to all the world, or of too little importance for record. Thus some of the most important facts in history escape adequate contemporaneous notice, and so are either entirely lost or but imperfectly transmitted to posterity. And yet, what a mine of wealth for the historian of today would be the complete files of any paper of continuous publication, covering any con- siderable period of State history. How invaluable and exhaustless, as a record of contemporaneous history, would be the complete files of all the newspapers ever pub- lished in the State, were they in existence! Those accustomed to sneer at the trivial service performed by the press, would be forever silenced, if they should undertake to write history without reference to the newspaper; and it is deeplv to be regretted that more files of the early papers of the State are not in existence to furnish material for the accurate historian. The true historian of his own time is the intelligent, conscien- tious, truth-telling editor, though I regret to say that, with too many of the papers published in the large cities, sensationalism has taken the place of history. "The history of Illinois journalism naturally divides itself into three eras. and. bv a somewhat singular coincidence, each of these covers a period of about twenty-five 93 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History years. The first was the primitive, or pioneer period. This began with September, 1814, when, according to the best authority, the first paper published in the State was estab- lished at_ Kaskaskia, the Territorial capital, and extended to 1840. The name of this paper was the Illinois Herald, and its founder was Matthew Duncan, a brother of Joseph Duncan, afterwards a member of Congress and Governor of the State. The period which it initiated was one of crude methods, limited resources, small subscription lists and a constant struggle to 'make both ends meet.' It began with the close of our last war with England, when, with the return of peace and the promise of protection from the savages, immigration began to set in to the Western States. It included the organization of the Territory as a State the struggles with the Indians who still occupy the northern portion of the State, the founding of towns and cities and the creation of new counties, so that we now have 102, where, at the time of the admission of the State into the Union, there were but 15. It also included the bitter contest over the admission of Missouri as a slave State, the attempt four years later (which happily proved unsuccess- ful) to prepare the way for making Illinois a slave State, by calling a convention to revise the State Constitution, the craze on the internal improvement question and the depression which followed the failure of that scheme and the financial revulsion of 1837. It was a period of rapid development, great hopes and widespread disaster. "The second period began with a political revolution in the nation, and was attended with the revival of immigration and the gradual return of prosperity to the business and industries of the State. It saw the introduction of the electric telegraph for the transmission of news and a vast improvement in the methods of printing. It also saw the second struggle over the Missouri Compromise, the contest between the forces of freedom and slavery for the possession of the soil of Kansas which followed another great financial revulsion in 1857, and ended with the most stupendous war of modern times from which the friends of freedom and Union emerged triumphant. It was a period of invention, of intense agitation and great public danger; but it purified the nation as by fire, and prepared the way for the renovation which was to follow. "The third period has been one of restoration. It was fitly ushered in by the return of peace, after the war of the rebellion, and has been chiefly distinguished by the rebuilding of the prosperity and happiness of the Nation and shattered States. Com- pared with other epochs, it has been the 'golden era' of Illinois journalism. I do not mean that, during this period, the newspapers have been, uniformly and without excep- tion, prosperous, any more than other branches of business; but the demand for news during the war period gave an impulse to journalism, which has resulted in achieve- ments greater than in any other similar period since the discovery of the art of printing. It is fitting that this Association should have had its organization with the dawning of such a period, and it is fitting that, at its close, you should celebrate its jubilee. "One of the earliest allusions to the state of literary intelligence in Illinois and the periodicals, which circulated among its people, with which I have met, is to be found in a letter by Morris Birkbeck, one of the founders of the 'English Settlement,' in Edwards county, in 1817, addressed to the celebrated and eccentric William Cobbett. In the course of his versatile and erratic career, Cobbett had spent several stormy years in this country, when he returned to England bearing with him the bones of Thomas Paine, to pursue an equally stormy career in his native land. Coming a second time to the United States, he made this visit the occasion for a characteristically venomous attack on Birkbeck, in the interest of some land company in Pennsylvania which had suffered by the diversion of foreign immigration to Illinois. In this attack, he painted the condition of the English Colony in Edwards county in particularly lurid colors. Mr. Birkbeck wrote a scathing reply, addressed to a friend in England, in which he said: 94 Ii i i\ois Newspaper Directory and History " 'In this wild spot, I sec my tabic strewed with newspapers and Registers and Reviews, in greater profusion than ever you saw in Wanborough. (The town in England, from which the writer had emigrated.) We have daily papers from New York and Philadelphia, at nine dollars a year: The National Intelligencer, from Washington, three times a week, at six dollars; the weekly papers of the western country at two dollars; Edinburgh and American monthly magazines, Cobbett's Register and Niles's, from Baltimore, etc., etc' "Mr. Birkbeck was an educated and an intelligent Englishman, possessing con- siderable wealth when he came to this country, and this captivating description, however truthful as to his own home, would have applied to few of the other pioneer homes of the State. The general rule was poverty and privation, accompanied by indomitable courage and hope, but the visits of even the weekly paper — to say nothing of the daily. or the literary review — were 'few and far between.' "There is evidence that, at this stage of the pioneer period in Illinois journalism. there were but three papers published within the boundaries of the State — the Herald, at Kaskaskia, already mentioned; the Shawnee Chief, or Emigrant, founded by Henry Eddy, at Shawneetown, in ISIS, and the Edwardsville Spectator, established in the spring of 1819 by Hooper Warren. The Kaskaskia paper had been purchased by Daniel P. Cook and Robert Black well, one report says as early as 1816, while another puts the date of transfer a year later, in 1S17. The 'Edwards Papers,' edited by the late E. B. Washburne, and published by the Chicago Historical Society, contains a letter from Cook, dated in June, 1816, which indicates that he was then in charge of the Herald. He had been Auditor of Public Accounts for the Territory under Governor Edwards, and also a Circuit Judge, but on the formation of the State Government was elected the first Attorney General by the Legislature. It has been stated that he was the first Representative in Congress from Illinois, but this is a mistake, as John McLean, of Shawneetown, was elected over him, at the first election, by a majority of 14 votes; but at a special election the next year. Cook was elected, and he was re-elected for three subsequent terms. In 1826 he was defeated by Joseph Duncan, and died the next year, a few months after retiring from Congress. In 1820 the Herald was removed to Vandalia and became the Illinois Intelligencer, Cook retiring from his connection with it on his election to Congress. Blackwell, Cook's partner, succeeded the latter as Terri- torial Auditor, and he was succeeded by Elijah C. Berry, who served until the admission of the State into the Union. Berry was afterwards associated with the publication of the Intelligencer, and was the second Adjutant-General of the State. "Eddy of the Shawneetown Emigrant is remembered as one of the ablest lawyers in the State. He served in the Legislature, and was also elected Judge, but resigned, after a short service. Usher F. Linder, in his 'Reminiscences of the Illinois Bar.' says of him: 'He was employed in the largest cases that came up from Southern Illinois. When he addressed the court he commanded the most profound attention. He was a sort of walking law library. He never forgot anything that he ever knew, no matter whether it was poetry or belles lettres. He would often quote whole pages of Milton and Shakespeare, when he felt in a genial mood.' Judge James Hall, who was afterwards associated with Eddy, and still later with the Vandalia Intelligencer, was probably the most thoroughlv literary man of all the early editors of the State, being a biographer, magazinist and writer of several volumes of 'Border Sketches.' He also served one term as State Treasurer. "Hooper Warren, who has already been alluded to as the founder of the Edwards- ville Spectator, was the most widely known, both by his industry and ability as a journalist, and the part he played in connection with some of the most exciting questions 9S Illinois Newspaper Directory and History of the day, including the defeat of the scheme to revise the State Constitution in the interest of slavery. His experience may be cited as an illustration of the difficulties with which the pioneer newspaper men of this State had to contend. His letters to Governor Edwards during his stay at Springfield, and afterwards from Galena, at both of which places he established papers after leaving Edwardsville, tell a pathetic story of hardship and privation, sickness in his family, pressing demands of creditors, efforts to get out a paper without type, paper or printers, poverty and actual want of the necessaries of life, until he was forced to give up the struggle and seek other employment to save himself and family from starvation. "I have already alluded to the contest at the polls in 1824 over the question of a Convention to revise the State Constitution in the interest of slavery. There were five weekly papers published in the State at that time, which, according to some reminiscences furnished by Dr. R. W. Patterson of Evanston to the Chicago Historical Society, divided on the issue as follows: " 'Two papers,' says Dr. Patterson, 'one at Edwardsville and the other at Kaskaskia, supported the Convention, and three, one at Shawneetown, one at Edwardsville, and the third at Vandalia, opposed the Convention.' According to this statement the division was as follows: "For Convention — Illinois Republican, Edwardsville, edited by Theophilus W. Smith; and the Republican Advocate, Kaskaskia, edited by R. K. Fleming. "Against Convention — The Edwardsville Spectator, Hooper Warren, editor; the Vandalia Intelligencer, Robert Black well; editor, and the Shawneetown Emigrant, Henry Eddy, editor. "Honorable E. B. Washburnc, in his sketch of Governor Coles, classifies the Shaw- neetown paper on the side of the Conventionists, but this is exactly contrary to the position which he ascribes to the same paper in a note which he furnishes to 'Flower's History of the English Settlement.' At least the Shawneetown paper, which Mr. Flower calls the 'Gazette,' printed communications for both parties, while Mr. Eddy, its editor, is very generally conceded to have been one of the ablest opponents of the scheme. Judge Moses, in his new History of Illinois, favors this view. "In this connection, Mr. McKenzie will permit me to make correction of a statement in his address of 1884, which I am inclined to regard as a typographical error. In it he speaks of Governor Coles, who occupied the gubernatorial chair from 1822 to 1826, as 'the heart and soul of the pro-slavery party.' The fact is, Governor Coles had incurred the bitter animosity of that party by emancipating and bringing to this State the slaves which he had brought with him from Virginia. He was also the recognized anti-slavery candidate for Governor in the preliminary contest of 1822, and was on terms of intimate personal and political friendship with all the opponents of the Convention scheme. Like another Illinois governor of a later date, he was prosecuted by the pro-slavery party for introducing free colored people into the State in violation of law. "Belonging to this period, but of a later date in it, were John Wentworth, the second proprietor of the Chicago Democrat, and for six terms a Representative in Congress; Sydney Breese, United States Senator and Justice of the Supreme Court; T. Lyle Dickey, also a Justice of the Supreme Court; Professor John Russell, author of the allegory, 'The Worm of the Still,' who edited the Backwoodsman, at Grafton, Jersey county, from 18 37 to 1839; Reverend J. M. Peck, of Rock Spring, minister, teacher, author, explorer mil\ editor, besides a score of others. In fact there was scarcely a prominent lawyer, with a fondness for politics in the State, who did not, at some time, try his hand at editorial writing. In this way Judge S. D. Lockwood, Abraham Lincoln, Lyman Trumbull, O. H. Browning, Archibald Williams, Judge Stephen T. Logan and Illinois Newspaper Dim < iori and Hisiory others furnished 'inspired articles' for their local papers. In fact, there is a tradition in Springfield, that Judge Logan, whose ability is well-known, once carried on a lively discussion with himself through the editorial columns of two rival papers in that city. "According to Peck's Gazetteer, the five papers in existence in 1824 had increased to twelve in 1834, as follows: Beardstown Chronicle; St. Clair Gazette, at Belleville; Chicago Democrat; Danville Enquirer; Galenian, at Galena; Patriot and Gazette, at Jacksonville; Illinois Champion, at Peoria; Illinois Journal (?) (so stated, but really the Emigrant or its successor), at Shawneetown; Sangamo Journal, at Springfield; Whig and Advocate, at Vandalia. Besides these, the Pioneer and Western Baptist and the Illinois Sunday School Banner — the latter a monthly — were published at Rock Springs, St. Clair county, under the auspices of the indomitable Dr. Peck. "The following notes from 'Peck's Gazetteer' of 1823, may be of interest as show- ing the condition of Illinois at that time, and the size of some of its principal towns. The State then comprised twenty-five counties, of which Clarke and Fayette extended north to the Illinois and Kankakee rivers; Sangamon was bounded on the west and northwest by the Illinois, and was 126 miles long from north to south, while Pike included all north and west of the Illinois to the State line in both directions, and east to Lake Michigan. "Vandalia was the capital of the State, and is described as containing 150 dwellings, with a population estimated at 700. "Kaskaskia, the capital up to 1820, was probably still the largest town. It is esti- mated, in the height of its prosperity, to have had a population of eight to nine thousand. Governor Reynolds (who is not always reliable), puts it at 12,000 in 1810. "Shawneetown and Edwardsville were principal towns. "The Sangamon and Kaskaskia were large and partially navigable streams. "The Kankakee was the The-a-ki-ki (Tee-au-kee-kee), and the Macoupin the Ma-qua-pin. "Alton, according to the same authority, was a 'small and unimportant town,' possessing 'natural advantages rarely equalled." "Old Illinoistown (now Fast St. Louis), had formerly been called 'Jacksonville.' The present Jacksonville was not, and several places then named as towns have ceased to be recognized on the map. "Springfield was 'a post town and seat of justice in Sangamon county, laid out in 1821 * :: ' situated on Spring Creek, a branch of the Sangamon :: 6 5 miles northwest of Vandalia.' "Joliet was simply described as 'Mount Joliet, a mount situated on the west bank of the Rivere des Plaines,' and as having been visited and named by the French explorer, Joliet, in 1673. "Chicago was 'a village in Pike county, situated on Lake Michigan, at the mouth of Chicago Creek,' containing 'twelve or fifteen houses and about sixty or sevent) inhabitants.' "Peoria is also described as 'a town of Pike county, laid out in the spring of 1820 : about half a mile south of the ruins of Fort Clark. iMo improvement ha^ yet been made, but its local advantages and the fertility of the surrounding country,' says Peck, 'there is no doubt it will become a place of the first consequence.' Another para- graph speaks of 'a small settlement in Pike county' called Peoria, 'situated on the west bank of the Illinois river, about 200 miles above its junction with the Mississippi.' The early settlers are said to have 'consisted generally of Indian traders, hunters and voyageurs,' who had 'a happy facility of adapting themselves to their situation and associates, so that they were able to live generally in harmony with their savage Illinois Newspaper Directory and History neighbors.' (Whether Peoria or its neighbors have changed since then, is left to the judgment of each to determine.) The situation is said to be 'beautiful beyond descrip- tion,' which will probably not be contradicted here. Due mention is also made of the famous Renault grant, which may have been heard of before, and a valuable copper mine is said to exist in the vicinity. "Ten years later Jacksonville was probably the largest town in the State, having an estimated population of 1,800, while Chicago was credited with seven or eight hundred. Belleville was about as large as Chicago and Galena was fifty per cent larger. "The list of distinguished names connected with the second era of Illinois journalism would be still longer, if there were space to enumerate them. I shall name only a few: And first, these were Dr. C. H. Ray, the Boanerges of the Republican press, first of the Galena Jeffersonian, then of the Chicago Tribune and lastly of the Chicago Post, where he died in harness, and his sometime coadjutors, John L. Scripps and William Bross, founders of the Democratic Press, afterwards merged into the Tribune. John Went- worth began his career in the first era, and served nearly through the second. All these are dead — Governor Bross within the past few weeks. Then, there was their associate, Joseph Medill, who, by virtue of age and long-time experience in journalism, is entitled to rank as the Nestor of the Illinois Press. Charles L. Wilson, so long at the head of the Chicago Journal, crossed the silent river years ago; B. F. Taylor, the musical poet and war correspondent of the same paper, has written his last dispatch and sung his last song; Governor Shuman, their honored co-laborer and successor, has sensibly retired to recuperate his shattered health; George Schneider, as editor of the Staats Zeitung, one of the earliest to give direction to the sentiment of the German population of the North- west in opposition to the spread of slavery, after holding various positions of honor and trust in the service of the Government, has pursued a successful business career and is now President of the National Bank of Illinois; Sheahan, the founder of the Times, has gone to prove the mysteries of the unknown, as also has his successor, the fiery and impetuous Wilbur F. Story. Charles H. Lanphier, the successor of his brother-in-law, Walters, in the State Register, at Springfield, having controlled the destinies of that paper for more than twenty-five years, retired about the time of the organization of this Association, and in quiet attention to private business realizes how — 'Far more true joy Marcellus, exiled, feels Than Caesar, with a Senate at his heels'; while his competitor, E. L. Baker, formerly of the Journal, has for nearly sixteen years past, filled the position of United States Consul at Buenos Aires with credit to himself and profit to his Government. Major Bailhache, the associate of the latter, was con- nected with a paper at San Diego, California, a couple of years ago, and may be there still. Your own gifted and genial Burdette, who, if I mistake not, began his journalistic career in this city, belongs to the period covered by the life of this Association. I believe he was one of your earliest members. Discarding the tread-mill of journalism for the lecture platform, he enjoys well-won fame and fortune in a suburban town near Philadelphia. "Another Illinois journalist of the middle period, who has made his mark in the history of the nation, is John C. Nicolay, who began newspaper life on the Free Press, at Pittsfield, in the early part of the 1850's, went to Springfield in 18 57, to assume the duties of Chief Clerk in the office of the Secretary of State, became President Lincoln's private secretary and went with him to Washington, retaining that position until the death of his chief, served for several years as Consul-General of the United States at Paris, became Marshal of the Supreme Court at Washington, and is now approaching the completion of his life-work and the most important history of the century, the Life 98 Illinois Newspaper Directors \\h History of Abraham Lincoln. His assistant in early days and co-worker in historical labor, the popular and genial author, Colonel John Hay, before he won a national reputation by liis pen, was an Illinois newspaper man, being my immediate predecessor in a term of service on the Illinois State Journal at Springfield. "Of the Illinois journalists of the present period — the era of 186 5 to 1890 — it is not necessary for me now to speak. They are here and able to speak for themselves, or are speaking through their journals at their homes. And yet, not all. Bangs, and Ray, and Sellers, and Phillips, and Emery, and Scroggs, and Taylor, and Sheahan, and Clay, and Fames, and Bross and Mrs. Bostwick, all of whom have met with you at previous anniversaries, and nearly all of whom at various times have addressed you on occasions like this, have answered the roll-call on the other shore. They have entered the Portals of the Unknown and realized the great problem of man's future destiny. 'Men drop so fast, ere life's mid-stage we tread, Few have so many friends alive as dead.' "There was an 'Association of Publishers and Editors of the State of Illinois.' organized at Springfield about 18 5 3, which included most of those representatives of the second era of journalism I have named. A few of them still survive, but the majority of them have gone to 'the undiscovered country from whose bourne no traveler returns.' I see no one here, besides myself, of the twenty-odd members of that Asso- ciation, who met, as shown by the record, in the old State House at Springfield, on February 13 and 14, 18 54. I do not know whether that Association had a predecessor, but, whether it had or not, it evidently had a brief existence. Neither do I know how long the Association of 1853 continued to exist — probably only a few years. Yours is clearly entitled to the credit of being the first to maintain a continuous existence for twenty-five years, and you have a right to be proud of the fact. The numbers present and the well-sustained interest in your meetings demonstrate that it has not sunk into decrepitude or 'innocuous desuetude.' When lightning is being harnessed to machinery and made to supply the place of sunlight; when you can talk with your neighbor in his own home as easily as if he were in your parlor; when the earth has been girdled with the electric wire, and we can now hear from Australia more promptly than fifty years ago, news could be transmitted from Xew York to Philadelphia; when the world is being prepared to see the dream of navigating the air realized; when travel at the rate of sixty miles an hour bids fair to become a common thing; when the mails are to be transmitted by electricity at the rate of two hundred miles an hour; when you are to be enabled to look around a corner, or see your friend's face, though he may be a hundred miles distant; when the tones of love, or a message on business, or a 'Caudle lecture' are to be bottled up and transported in one's pocket as a toper would carry his flask; when the Westminster Confession of Faith is about to be revised — such an era is no time for the reporter to lay down his pen or the editor to abdicate his chair. If Bellamy's dream of a perfect state of society is to be realized in the evening of the twentieth century. it is safe to say the press will do its full share in bringing about this millennial condition. "The vitality, as well as the practical character of this Association has been evinced by the wide range of topics discussed at its previous meetings in the past twenty-five years. You have had addresses on 'The Mission of the Republic and the Duty of the Newspaper Press'; on the 'Duty and Policy of Public Journals;' on 'Modern Journalism'; on 'The Independence of the Press'; on 'Editorial Amenities'; on 'The Mission of the Editor'; on 'Editorial Courtesy'; on 'Editorial Conscience'; on 'The Countrv Editor,' and 'The City Editor'; on 'Women in Journalism,' and the 'Philistine in Journalism'; on the 'Advertising,' and the 'Local Page'; on 'How to Make the Paper Pay,' and 'How to Make Subscribers Pay'; on 'The Public Debt,' and 'Private Debts,' etc. You have had 99 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History poems from B. F. Taylor and Emily Huntington Miller and Mrs. Bradwell and half a dozen others, until your records are a repository of 'polite literature,' as well as practical business information. "The fact that Illinois now has, according to Newspaper Annuals, nearly 1,100 daily, tri-weekly, semi-weekly and weekly papers, to say nothing of monthly and other publications, appearing less frequently than once a week- — -against the five papers reported in 1824, and the fourteen reported in 18 34, is an indication of the growth of the State in this respect. This growth has not been in numbers alone. The paper of today not only has better material and larger resources now than it had fifty years ago, but its range of possible achievement has been vastly extended by the introduction of the telegraph, improved means of communication, etc. There is scarcely a weekly paper in the State, today, which does not possess an opulence of resources, which the most prosperous metropolitan paper, west of the Alleghanies, could not boast of fifty years ago. "The charge that the press has deteriorated in moral tone, in these later years, is, I think, a mistake. While it is more enterprising and more pushing in the collection of news than it was in the early history of the country — and this is the natural result of improved instrumentalities and the stimulus afforded by sharp competition — there is no paper of today that will compare, in venomous vituperation, with the Philadelphia Aurora, in its assaults upon the 'Father of His Country,' about the close of the last century. It is too late in the day to discuss the question of the 'freedom of the press.' Our only duty is to estimate its beneficent results. The historian, Macaulay, speaking of the emancipation of the press, in England, says: " 'From the day on which the emancipation of our literature was accomplished, the purification of our literature began. That purification was effected, not by the intervention of senates or magistrates, but by the opinion of the great body of educated Englishmen before whom good and evil were set, and who were left free to make their choice. During a hundred and sixty years, the liberty of our press has been constantly becoming more and more entire; and during those hundred and sixty years the restraint imposed on writers, by the general feeling of readers, has been constantly becoming more and more strict.' "What is here declared of the freedom of the press in England, is even more con- spicuously true of America, the home of a free and untrammeled press. Mr. Bryce, the observant English author of 'The American Commonwealth,' pays the following tribute to the enterprise of the American Press. He says: " 'Newspapers are powerful in three ways — as narrators, as advocates and as weathercocks. * :; ' In the first of these regards, the American press is the most active in the world. Nothing escapes it which can attract any class of readers.' "As to the third, Mr. Bryce does not express an opinion concerning the American press, but it no doubt furnishes some very good specimens of the 'weathercock.' His just conclusion is, that, while the tendency to exaggerate affects the worth of the press as a historical record, there is possibly more good than harm done by the high pressure at which the newspaper business is carried on in America. "There is another view of the editor's profession, however, which, while scarcely so complimentary, has more than a modicum of truth. A popular magazine writer has recently said: " 'Of the journalist it may be said with truth, he writes in water. However judicious, however eloquent, however pregnant his composition, it is at once swallowed up by envious oblivion. It produces its impression instantaneously. It is like a note of music, heard and gone forever. And the successful journalist is he 100 Illinois Newspaper Dikm ioky and History who consciously or unconsciously realizes this. To avail himself adroitly of the passing moment is his trade. Yes, he writes in water. Acute observation, literary skill, learning, art, science, virtue avail him not. His creation fades away suddenly like the grass. In the morning it is green and groweth up. In the evening it is cut down, dried up and withered.' "This is a pessimistic view, it is true, but no one will more readily recognize its truth than the experienced journalist. And yet, the same might be said of the air and the sunlight. Without these and the daily, or at least weekly paper, this would be a very dull world. "Those who imagine that the press has reached the climax of its achievement are mistaken. There are new fields to be explored, new advances to be made and new triumphs to be won. That there will be vast improvements in machinery and in methods, in the next twenty-five years, no one need doubt, who remembers the progress of a like period in the past. The editor may continue to 'write in water,' but if he performs his duty faithfully and conscientiously, he may write his name above the stars." Old timers never tire of telling about famous trips in the days when special trains and free passes were the rule. The extent to which these excursions went may be judged by the following account of the 1890 trip to Mexico, a little outing for which many "hosts" shouldered a large part of the expense: An Excursion or the Illinois Press Association to the Republic of Mexico On train near Bismarck, Mo., March 9, 1890 "A meeting of the Illinois Press Association, consisting of members returning from the excursion to the City of Mexico, was called to order by President Owen Scott, who stated the object of the meeting. "The following named persons were present, comprising the list of those who had participated in the excursion: "James J. Anderson and wife, Nashville Democrat; George A. Burt, Henry Repub- lican; C. H. Backus and wife, Hampshire Register; W. L. Black and wife, Elgin News; Charles Bent and wife, Morrison Sentinel; L. G. Burrows. Lanark Gazette; Mrs. Myra Bradwell, Chicago Legal News; Mrs. Thos. Bradwell and sister, Chicago Legal News; M. B. Castle and wife, Sandwich Argus; Walter Colyer, Albion Journal; John A. Childs, Evanston Index; George D. Carson, Evanston Index; R. C. Crihrield. Mimer News; E. K. Boisot, Lvanston Index; Frank E. Clarke, Grayville Independent; Balfour Cowen and wife. Honorary, Virden; Miss Mary Cowen, Honorary, Yirden; George W. Cyrus, Camp Point Journal; J. R. Campbell and wife, McLeansboro Times; E. E. Ellis, Cairo Telegram; F. S. Greenleaf and wife, Savanna Journal; A. G. Hawley and wife, Lockport Advertiser; G. W. Harper and wife, Robinson Argus; P. C. Hayes, Morris Herald; H. L. Kiner, Geneseo News; A. Lieberknecht and wife, Geneseo Republic; Asa Miller. Tuscola Review; Spencer Ellsworth, Lacon Home Journal; C. C. Marquis, Bloomington Pantagraph; M. H. Peters and wife, W'atseka Times; Edwin L. Shuman, Evanston Press; R. T. Spencer, Illiopolis State Center; Paul Selby and wife, Springfield Journal; John J. Sweeney, LaSalle Democrat-Press; Owen Scott, Bloomington Bulletin; Frank L. Shup and wife, Newton Press; J. L. Staker, Clayton Enterprise; L. Y. Tromley, Shawneetown News; Charles A. Wightman, Evanston Press; H. P. Shumway, Taylorville Democrat; Charles W. Warner and wife, Hoopeston Chronicle; Mark Ruggles, Mendota Bulletin; W. L. Jones, Lebanon Journal; Dr. Wm. E. Guthrie, Bloomington Bulletin; Joseph B. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Gill, Murphysboro Independent; J. B. Parkinson, Savanna Times; A. S. Harsha, Carmi Courier; Mrs. J. B. Castle, Yorkville, Illinois. "The report of the committee on resolutions was presented by C. W. Warner, chairman, as follows: "Whereas, Members of the Illinois Press Association have taken a trip to the City of Mexico, and, through the kindness and courtesy of various parties, have been enabled to make the excursion safely and expeditiously; and "Whereas, The experience has been one of great value and unalloyed enjoyment to all participating, and it is their unanimous desire to express their recognition of favors shown them, by which the trip has been made so pleasant and profitable; therefore, be it "Resolved, That the hearty thanks and appreciation of the excursionists is due and is hereby tendered to W. W. Kent, of the Jacksonville & Southeastern Railroad; to Messrs. Durand and McGee, of the Wabash Railroad; to B. Allison, of the Iron Moun- tain Railroad; to President Richardson, of the Hot Springs Railroad; to C. P. Fagin, of the Texas & Pacific Railroad; to D. J. Price, of the International & Great Northern Railroad; to B. W. Thatcher, C. B. Damon and L. F. Cowan, of the Mexican National Railroad, and to J. A. Robertson and J. D. Coplan, of the Monterey & Mexican Gulf Railroad, for favors shown in the matter of transportation in speed and comfort; and "Resolved, That the thanks of the Association are due and are hereby tendered to President Porfirio Diaz, of the Mexican Republic; to Governor Carlos Diaz Gutierrez of the State of San Luis Potosi, and to Minister Ryan and Mr. E. C. Butler, Secretary of the American legation to the Republic of Mexico for official courtesies shown; and "Result ed, That the thanks of the Association are due and are hereby tendered to the Improvement Association of Laredo, Texas; to Jules A. Randel, owner of the street railway and the Topo Chico Hot Springs at Monterey, Mexico; to the citizens of San Antonio, Texas; San Luis Potosi and Monterey, Mexico; to the Press of the City of Mexico, the Two Republics especially; to Frank Newell, superintendent of the Pullman company at Laredo, Texas, and H. J. Clark, superintendent of the same company at the City of Mexico; to Tipp Layton and the employes of the Pullman company, for their many acts of kindness and courtesy to the strangers in their borders and under their care; and be it further "Resolved, That the papers represented in the Illinois Press Association advocate a modification of the present commercial treaty between the United States of America and the Republic of Mexico that will tend to reciprocity and closer trade relations between the two countries, which will undoubtedly be of great mutual advantage; and "Resulted, That these resolutions be printed in the above newspapers, and that Mr. Owen Scott be instructed to see that copies are mailed to the persons named herein. — Chas. W. Warner, G. W. Harper, M. B. Castle. "On motion of Mr. Lieberknecht the resolutions were unanimously adopted as read. "A special request was made that all papers containing notices of the excursion be sent to each member of the party. "Mr. G. W. Cyrus, treasurer of the excursion, presented a financial statement, which was unanimously adopted. "As a matter of record it is hereby made a part of these proceedings that President Owen Scott was by unanimous vote appointed historian at a meeting held at Hot Springs. "On motion of Mr. Shumway the thanks of the party were unanimously tendered to Mr. Cyrus for services as treasurer. "On motion of Senator Castle a vote of thanks was tendered to President Scott for his faithful and efficient management of the excursion. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "Gen. Hayes proposed three cheers for the American Republic. These were heartily given. "Association adjourned sine die. — J. J. Anderson, Secretary." FROM PEORIA TO THE CITY OF MEXICO By Owen Scott in 1890 "Of the many excursions planned and executed by the Illinois Press Association, perhaps none, in importance, extent of territory covered and the general profit and pleasure secured therefrom, ecpaals that to the City of Mexico. After a busy session at Peoria, 63 publishers, including the ladies, departed on Friday, February 21st, on board four new Pullman cars, of eight sections each, which had just been completed, for t he- Mexican National Railroad, going over the Jacksonville & South Eastern Railway, in charge of the genial and accommodating W. W. Kent, General Passenger & Ticket Agent. A flying trip was made in which a number of other members of the Association joined these birds of passage, dropping out along the way, as they reached their destina- tions. The last departed at St. Louis. "Mr. E. B. Fletcher, Secretary of the Illinois Press Association, accompanied by his accomplished wife, went as far as St. Louis to give the finishing touches to the perfect arrangements he had made for this very extended trip. Much of the pleasure of this excursion was due to his large experience, unflagging industry and excellent judgment. "From Litchfield to St. Louis, the excursionists were in charge of Mr. H. Durand, of the Wabash Railroad. The run from Peoria to St. Louis was a most delightful one and considering the fact that the irrepressible Snive, the handsome Rees and the sedate and dignified Tatham were aboard, the trip could not be said to be more than hilarious. Some very proper people, however, might have considered it uproarious. Sure it was that if any luckless individual had not been ready to swear that he had had the best time possible on earth, he would have been chucked out of the window without form or ceremony. At St. Louis the excursionists were taken in charge by the St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railroad, and every attention was shown by Brainerd Allison and \V. H. Morton, the gentlemanly and accomodating representatives of the passenger department of this excellent road. After a pleasant night's whirl along the banks of the Mississippi, over the hills and around the curves, through the dense forests and over rushing streams, at nine o'clock on the morning of the 22nd, the Illinois Press Association rolled over the Arkansas river into the beautiful City of Little Rock, and partook of a delightful breakfast, the handiwork of Mr. Pratt. "After a short run Malvern was reached. A very hearty reception was here given the Illinois quill drivers by the Hon. J. G. Woods, who extended the freedom of the City of Malvern on behalf of the press, of which he was the sole member. Judging from his appearance one would conclude that the Malvern press was of the army pattern and the papers worked off with axle grease or apple butter. "This was Brother Anderson's first opportunity with his Kodak, in the use of which he has become such an expert. This picture will probably be placed among those of the old masters, as a specimen of the Arkansas editor, a companion piece for the Arkansas Traveler. "The party was here met by Mr. L. D. Richardson, General Manager of the Hot Springs Railroad, who showed them every courtesy and attention possible. On arriving at Hot Springs a short journey brought the tired moulders of opinion to the doors of the modern palace known as the Hotel Eastman. This mammoth hostelry has been built since last March and is one of the largest and finest hotels in the world. It has 4Sn guest Illinois Newspaper Directory and History rooms, besides almost limitless parlors, reading rooms, etc. Every convenience conceiv- able is at hand, and at the disposal of the pleasure seekers, the invalid or the excursionist. It was_at one time thought necessary to put bells on the Illinois journalists to prevent them from getting lost in this labyrinth of elegance. A delightful afternoon was spent here, in viewing the various establishments which have grown up around nature's great fountain of health. "At 1 1 o'clock p.m. the party was again carried away towards Malvern and in the morning arrived at Texarkana where another capital breakfast was served by Mr. Pratt. At this point the party was met by Mr. C. P. Fagin, Assistant General Passenger Agent of the Texas & Pacific Railroad. For 98 miles the train flew along until it reached Long view at 12:2 5, when we bade good-bye to Mr. Fagin and the Texas & Pacific Road. "Here the iron horse of the International & Great Northern was in waiting to transport the Illinois people from that point to Laredo. The conductor, Mr. blunt, seemed everywhere at all times, where he could contribute in the least degree to the pleasure and comfort of his jolly crew. Engine No. 61, with Mr. R. W. Gibson at the throttle, seemed inspired by the geniality and good nature of its master, and tripped over the hundreds of miles of Texas prairie as lightly and as joyously as a school girl. "This being the Sabbath day the excursionists were all invited into one of the cars and a short religious service held. A number of well-known songs were sung, an earnest prayer offered by Gen. Hayes, the 103d Psalm read by Mr. C. C. Marquis, and a very instructive and delightful address made by Senator Castle. "The regular program of the excursion was modified so as to leave Hot Springs in advance of the schedule time, thereby enabling a stop of several hours in the ancient and highly interesting city of San Antonio. A number of Illinois people, some of whom now live in San Antonio, gave the excursionists a most cordial greeting. Among these was Judge Keller, a former Egyptian and a former well-known member of our Association. The party was then taken in charge by the newspaper men and citizens of San Antonio and shown the immortal Alamo, the shrine of Texan liberty, where Bowie, Travis and Crockett, with their band of heroes, were sacrificed as the price of this liberty. A carriage ride in charge of the citizens came next, and the time was found far too short to view the many points of interest of this most delightful city. At 12 o'clock Conductor Blunt gave the signal and Engineer Gibson opened the throttle, and the Illinois scribes were again flying on the wings of the wind. "Mr. J. D. Price, Assistant General Passenger Agent of the International & Great Northern Route, was aboard as far as San Antonio, and left nothing undone for our complete comfort, pleasure, and convenience. "After six hours the party arrived safe and happy at Laredo, on the Mexican border. The afternoon was delightfully spent in viewing the vast rolling prairies of Southwestern Texas, with an occasional glimpse of a festive jack rabbit as he skipped through the mesquite thickets and dodged through the forests of thorny cactus, the whole being delightfully perfumed by the sweet-smelling wild flower as well as by the occasional fragrance of the 'Texas Bouquet.' "Mr. J. P. Flynn, as a committee from the citizens of Laredo, was found on board the train to extend the generous hospitality of the Gate City. On arrival, a train of electric street cars were in waiting, and the party was whirled away through the newer portions of the city which have sprung up within the past year almost as by magic. "In the evening the Association was tendered a most delightful banquet at the elegant new Hotel Hamilton. The spread was one that would do credit to any city or hotel. At the conclusion of the banquet the Mayor of Laredo warmly welcomed the northern visitors, to which the President made fitting response. Senator Shumway made 104 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History a telling address in response to the toast, 'The Press.' Mr. J. J. Anderson responded to the 'Editor and the Devil,' and it was universally conceded that by his wit and eloquence he raised the latter part of his subject. Senator Castle, as might reasonably have been expected, represented 'The Ladies,' and showed that by their ability and enterprise they were entitled to more than the hackneyed verdict, 'God bless them.' 'Reciprocity' was eloquently advocated by Gen. Hayes. Throughout the entire stay in Laredo the excur- sionists were treated with that unbounded hospitality so peculiar to the Southern people. Laredo's dash and enterprise and progress were the frequent subjects of comment by those who spent the time so pleasantly in this borderland of the Mexican Republic. "After twenty-four hours in Laredo, caused in part by the changing from standard to narrow gauge trucks under the four elegant Pullmans in which the party embarked at Peoria, and also in part by the hospitality of Laredo, the train moved over the Rio Grande, the line separating American civilization from the darker, more gloomy and yet novel type of land of the Aztecs. On arriving at Nuevo Laredo the collector of customs for the Mexican Government forcibly reminded the scribes abroad that there were certain legal barriers to a freedom of exchange between the Sister Republics. Recognizing that the editor abroad is not so for gain or pelf, the sombre-hued repre- sentative of President Diaz did not deem it necessary to be so exceedingly exacting in his search for contraband goods. Again we were under obligations to Messrs. Galbraith and Cowan, of the Mexican National Railroad, and Mr. Newell, Superintendent of the Pullman company, for favors which gave the excursionists pleasure, and freed them from many annoyances. For the first time many of the loyal people of Illinois were on soil not protected by the Stars and Stripes. "During the night the historic Monterey was passed while all were in unconscious slumber. Early on the morning of the 26th the train halted at Saltillo where Mr. Hodge, the caterer of the Mexican National Railroad, served the excursionists their first meal in the Mexican domain. The vivid anticipation of chili con came and other irritating Greaser diet was not realized and a good breakfast a la Americano was thoroughly enjoyed. Leaving Saltillo after this short rest the train sped away over the valleys and through the mountains to the spot so well known to the Americans, but especially the Mexican soldiers under Gen. Taylor, as the battlefield of Buena Vista. A short stop was made that all might see the place where Santa Anna first felt the force of American generalship and courage. Again the train sped away through the land of the cactus. All day long, after the first few hours of hills and valleys, the trip was over an arid plain of which the chief element was dust. Over this the railroad is compelled to transport water for the engine in tank-cars provided for that purpose. At Catorce dinner was served and again under Mr. Hodge's management, giving another pleasant surprise to the hungry travelers. San Luis Potosi was reached in time for supper. This was the last as well as the best of the meals served by the National Railroad, under Mr. Hodge's supervision. Early on the morning of 27th the train halted at Acambaro to give the scribes and their ladies an opportunity to test the merits of their first Mexican meal. Fearing that it would not bear the closest scrutiny those with sensitive stomachs, greater caution and less curiosity, patronized Mr. Layton's buffet quite liberally. Those who braved the perils of Mexican cookery and diet were agreeably disappointed in being served with a very palatable meal. "The anticipation of beautiful scenery, grand old mountains, rushing streams, sharp curves, and beautiful canyons, were more than realized during the day's travel. A short stop was made at Toluca for dinner, and then hearts beat quickly at the thought of scaling the Sierra Madres to their summit, an ascent of more than 3,000 feet being made in about 20 miles. Finallv, at 4 o'clock, the train stood still at La Cima, the Illinois Newspaper Directory and History summit, being almost 11,000 feet above the level of the sea. Then began the descent through some of the most picturesque landscapes on the face of the globe. Persons in the party who had traveled in Europe were free to say that they had never seen greater beauty or grandeur in natural panorama. "At Toluca Mr. C. B. Damon of the National Railroad joined the excursion party to give every facility for safe and speedy entry into the City of Mexico. A little later representatives of the Two Republics, the only English daily newspaper in Mexico, together with other representatives of the press of the capital of the country, boarded the train, to give the Sucker Editors and their fair companions a hearty welcome. At 6 o'clock p.m., Thursday, February 27th, after a journey of more than 2,000 miles, the goal was reached by the safe arrival of the party, well, tired, and curious to learn of the many novel features of Mexican life and institutions. During the stay the pull- man sleepers were utilized, and through the ceaseless attention of the venerable Pull- man conductor, Mr. Tipp Layton, and his corps of polite and accommodating porters, all were made comfortable. Headquarters had been provided by Mr. Damon at the National Restaurant. A large room was furnished as a place of meeting as well as a dining-room for the exclusive use of the party. In recognition of the American Republic this room was suitably decorated with a large flag of the United States together with that of Mexico. Upon entering this room for the first time the stars and stripes elicited rounds of applause. "The capital city of the Aztec people had been so long contemplated that all were wrought up to the highest degree of suspense. After a hearty supper on the first eve- ning, impatient of the delay that the long hours of the night made necessary, the tired excursionists, singly and in groups, went out to the Plaza Mayor to catch glimpses of the new type of civilization and humanity which could be but imperfectly seen. "On Friday morning, after much bustle, the party in charge of three guides and interpreters, started out on its mission of sight-seeing. During this day Guadalupe, with all its legendary, traditional and historical interest, was visited. The Cathedral, and the famous picture of the Virgin of Guadalupe, said to have been miraculously produced; the holy well, encircled by the exquisitely-wrought Cathedral, the building in which the treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, between Gen. Scott and Santa Anna was signed in 1848, and the City of Mexico's famous dead, chief of which was the intrepid Santa Anna, were thoroughly exhausted. The next, and perhaps the chief point of interest, was Chapultepec, 'the hill of the grasshopper.' Here the White House and the West Point of Mexico were objects of special interest to the American tourist. As they wandered through the richly decorated halls, occupied from time immemorial by the monarchs and rulers of Mexico, and viewed the charmingly beautiful valley from the top of the official residence of the chief magistrate of the Nation, feelings of emotion, admiration and wonder were intermingled as the eye feasted on the most beautiful land- scape spread out as an entrancing panorama. The headquarters of Gen. Scott, the field of Molino-del-Rey and Cherubusco, were eagerly scanned. 'The Cypress of Monte- zuma,' the monument to the brave cadets, the aqueduct furnishing pure, fresh water for the City of Mexico, were other objects of unusual interest. After a hard day's toil in viewing the various points so full of interest to a company of people unfamiliar with the novel scenes of the Indian-Spanish type of civilization, the party returned to Colonia Station to dream of Cathedrals, the Halls of the Montezumas and the many other objects of thrilling interest. "The second day of our stay in the Capital of the Mexican Republic was spent in knocking craniums with Ministers, President and Congressmen. Under the leadership of Gen. Hayes, who served in Congress with Mr. Ryan, the Representative of the 106 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History American Government, the party visited the American Legation. Mr. Ryan and his accomplished wife gave the excursionists a very cordial greeting and a most hearty welcome. At 4 o'clock in the afternoon, under the escort of Mr. E. C. Butler, Secretary of the American Legation, the innocents abroad were received by Porfirio Diaz, President of the Mexican Republic. Each member of the party was presented to the President and received a very hearty greeting. Mr. Butler acted as interpreter, and translated English into Spanish and vice versa. The following account taken from the Two Republics, of Mexico, the only English daily newspaper published in Mexico, gives a very fair report of the reception: " 'At noon yesterday the members of the Illinois Press Association were received by Minister and Mrs. Ryan at the United States Legation in San Diego street, where they remained for upwards of an hour. At four o'clock in the afternoon they were introduced to President Diaz at the National Palace by Mr. Edward Butler of the United States Legation. " 'After Mr. Owen Scott, President of the Association, had been introduced, he made an appropriate speech on behalf of the Association, expressing the highest appre- ciation entertained by the visitors for the sister Republic south of the Rio Grande, and for the kind and generous treatment which they have received in this city. He closed by saying that in the United States the name Porfirio Diaz is a synonym for republicanism and liberty. " 'President Diaz replied by cordially welcoming the visitors and saying that if they saw defects in the new republic they must remember the difficulties with which it has had to contend; that it is only within the last ten years that it has been able to free itself from organic troubles and to construct even the semblance of a republic . . . He concluded as follows: "While we are anxious to shake hands with the United States and to follow it as a model, at the same time Mexico and the Mexicans are desirous that the people on the other side of the Rio Grande should appreciate their country just as she is, with her advantages and disadvantages and defects. I am particularly grateful to see so many representatives of the press of the United States present here, because I am sure that at your hands Mexico will receive justice and that in your papers she will be represented truthfully; that you will pen kindly of her where praise is due, though sparing not where there is anything to blame. Fortunately we live upon a continent on which the republican form of government is general, and it is pleasant to note that the last few crowns are disappearing. In a very few years the American republics will be appreciated everywhere, not, perhaps, in their individual capacities so much as in their great aggregate of republican strength. I, in turn, take pleasure in bidding you tnlios, provided you promise to come again." " 'Gen. P. C. Hayes and Mrs. Myra Bradwell, two of the visiting editors, were called forward to speak with the President. In replying to the General's speech. President Diaz made use of this sentence: " 'This warm feeling of friendship toward the United States is not only personal on my part, but is participated in by the thinking, sentient portion of our people. Unfortunately, in the past, there was a time of trouble which embittered the thoughts of this country towards yours; but this is wearing off, and I am glad to say that those among us who love their own country also love the United States.' " "The third day of the stay was Sunday and was scarcely less busy than the other two days. In the morning many went to the Cathedral, the largest on the continent. A visit to the museum and a view of its many traditional and historic wonders followed by a visit to the Alameda, closed the sight-seeing up to the greatest event of the Illinois Newspaper Directory and History trip — the bull-fight. Most of the party went to the bull ring on the Paseo at 3:20 to witness a relic of the darkest of the dark ages. Thousands of people were gathered to viewone of the most barbarous and inhuman scenes ever witnessed on earth. If there is such a thing as a hell on earth it can be located in a bull ring where multitudes admire and enjoy seeing horses and cattle tormented and driven to desperation for no other purpose than that of satisfying the barbaric desire for shedding of blood. If there is one thing more than another which unsettles confidence in the stability of the Mexican Republic, it is the sentiment of what are considered the better classes for this disgusting and inhuman sport. It is safe to say that if the Sucker editors and their accompanying friends were to have abundant opportunity, they would give the bull ring a very wide berth. In the evening some of the excursionists visited the Protestant Missions. Monday forenoon was spent very largely in shopping, each excurs- ionist ransacking the curiosity shops and antiquity stores for mementoes of this most interesting visit to the Metropolis. "At 2 o'clock Monday afternoon, March 3rd, the tired travelers started on the home journey. Through the kindness of authorities of the Mexican National Railroad a special train wound its way through the gorgeous scenery of the Sierra Madre mountains. Frequent stops were made to give better opportunity for viewing the many enchanting scenes. At Toluca, the Capital of the State of Mexico, a short stop was made for supper. In the morning the excursionists were surprised to find that the train had been run at a much greater rate of speed than was contemplated, arriving at San Luis Potosi at 9 a.m. instead of 12. The remainder of the day was spent very profitably in studying new types and phases of Mexican character. Through the courtesy and painstaking attention of Rev. J. W. Grimes, for many years a Methodist mis- sionary, much of great profit was seen and heard. A visit was paid to the residence of the Governor of the State of San Luis Potosi and in the evening the Governor sent a very fine band from the military school to give an open air concert in honor of the visitors. The investigations of the day led to the conclusion that San Luis is the cleanest and one of the most thrifty of Mexican cities. On the following morning the journey was renewed. All day long the train crawled through a barren waste, in fact a veritable desert. The dust and heat were so great that all suffered intensely. The Rev. Mr. Powell, a Baptist missionary for 8 years with headquarters at Saltillo, was invaluable as a walking encyclopedia of the manners and customs, traditions and ten- dencies of the people of the interior. "A halt was made at the battle field of Buena Vista, where Mr. Powell gave a very graphic description of the encounter between Santa Anna and Gen. Taylor, after which the train soon brought the dusty editors to Saltillo to enjoy a good supper. From this point on to Monterey the glorious moon-light night revealed some of the most charming scenery in Mexico. Early in the morning following Mr. Jules A. Randle was on the ground with a line of street cars, ready to transport the excursionists to his famous health resort known as the Topo Chico Hot Springs, located 3 miles north of the city of Monterey. On arriving nearly all of the party indulged in the delights of a bath. These springs have very great medicinal properties and are being visited by invalids and pleasure seekers from all parts of the United States and Mexico. It was the almost unanimous verdict that these springs were the equal of any in the world, not excepting the far-famed hot springs of our own country. At 9 o'clock Mr. Randle served a complimentary breakfast to the party at the Topo Chico Hotel, adjacent to the springs. The next part of the program was a ride over the city reviewing the many points of interest. The city's charming location, nestling among the foothills of the Sierra Madre, with tall peaks overlooking all and with the silent grandeur of 108 Illinois Newspaper Directors and History the king-mountains known as the lending dignity and magnificence to the unrivaled scene. The beauty and interest of the surroundings were greatly increased by the historic interest which centers in and around Monterey. On the right, well up the mountain side, stands the Bishop's Palace, a silent monument to the superior skill and bravery of the American soldiers, when under the immediate command of Gen. Worth they went through the mountain gap and ascended the hill in the rear of the palace, and by this vantage drove the Mexicans from their supposed invulnerable position. On the left -.till remain the ruins of the celebrated Black Fort. This visit around the city showed that its American occupancy had given it more the type of our own country than is possessed by any other Mexican locality, not even excepting the Capital of the Republic. At the completion of the ride through the city the party was conducted to the Hidalgo Hotel, where the Mexican National, the Monterey & Gulf and citizens of Monterey entertained the Illinois party with mi elegant banquet. At the conclusion of this on invitation from Mr. J. A. Robertson, general manager of the Monterey & Gulf Railroad, a ride of 30 miles was taken to the San Juan River. This road is a new enterprise which is opening up the country from Monterey to Tampico, as well as from Monterey northwest to the Pacific Ocean. The country through which it passes being the most productive and fertile in northern Mexico, it is expected that this road will be an important factor in its development as well as of great benefit to Monterey. The party was pleased to find many Americans here. After so many days of almost exclusive association with Mexicans, the sight of these people of the Northern Republic was a genuine pleasure. "At 11:25 p.m., the Pullman Sleepers were again in motion toward the Rio Grande. Early on Friday morning the border was crossed and the gantlet of the customs officers was safely run by the 64 people who had accumulated baskets, serapes, water bottles, canes, etc., enough to fill an ordinary freight car. The officers, being Americans and familiar with the impecuniosity of the average newspaper man, confessed that he had employed insufficient assistance for such a cargo, and let the precious freight escape duty free. Once again on American soil a sense of relief could be read upon each face. Though Laredo is scarcely less Mexican in its many scenes and the common run of its people than its Mexican counter-part across the river, yet the feeling that we were again in 'God's Country' was sufficient to produce perfect happiness to all. "After a short delay in changing the trucks of one sleeper from narrow to standard gauge and transferring from the other sleepers to those already on standard trucks, a special train with Receiver Eddy's private car attached and in charge of the genial conductor Blunt all were again flying through the sage brush, cactus and jack-rabbits of South-west Texas. At 7 p.m. the halt was made for supper at a little water station called Moore. Here Mother Nelson, a typical Tennessean, served the best meal on the trip. When she was informed that the party believed that it was the best meal they had enjoyed, she innocently and frankly said 'I know it.' The next stop was for breakfast at Palestine. Although the name of this town has somewhat of a holy flavor, the forcible execrations from the disgusted excursionists did not suggest anything in any manner sacred. A very comfortable dinner and a short rest at Longview waiting for transportation by the Texas & Pacific to Texarkana were the next in order. Soon again the Illinois party was in motion and after a pleasant ride of 98 miles, over a smooth track, the Texas & Pacific landed them at Texarkana. A delicious supper was heartily relished. An old friend was recognized in the Iron Mountain railroad which completed the journey to St. Louis on Sunday evening March 9, at 5:45 o'clock, stops being made at Walnut Ridge, Arkansas, for breakfast and Bismarck, Missouri, for dinner. The original plan embraced fifteen days, but owing to delays at Laredo going Illinois Newspaper Directory and History and coming in changing from one gauge of road to the other a day additional was required. On reaching the Union depot in St. Louis the great quantities of baskets, pottery and other relics and curios were strongly suggestive of an emigrant train's arrival. The long journey as a party had been completed. Over 4000 miles had been traveled without an accident, or a hitch. All had been well, barring such temporary ailments as travelers must needs endure. The contrast from roses to snow, midsummer to winter, blinding dust with hot winds of August to the March blizzards of Illinois, was strikingly apparent. At St. Louis there were general hurry and bustle and the outgoing train carried the tourists homeward. "It is not the province of a historian of this Association to do more than sketch briefly the main features of the trip, leaving each individual journalist to write in detail as his fancy and judgment may dictate. "In closing, I may be permitted to say that the excursion was in every particular a success. A more congenial company never before traveled together so far and so long, and it is hardly possible that another more agreeable should ever meet and travel again. In all the delays and arrangements there was not found even one of that annoying specimen of humanity known as a 'kicker.' Everything was accepted in good part by all. To the writer who was also the bearer of large responsibilities, having charge of the excursion, this reflection gives more pleasure than all else. In closing this brief sketch, most of which was written en route and therefore more or less disjointed, I will wish all an affectionate adios. — OWEN SCOTT, Historian." 110 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Chapter V Legislation, County Organization The twenty-sixth annual session of the Illinois Press Association was held at Joliet, February 3, 4, and 5, 1891. President E. B. Fletcher of the Morris Herald called the meeting to order in the rooms of the Business Men's association. The Honorable Thomas J. Kelly, Mayor of Joliet, gave the welcoming address. Vice President Thomas Rees, of the Springfield State Register, made the response. The following memorial papers were read: in honor of the late William M. Kennedy, editor of the Dixon Sun, prepared by J. W. Clinton of the Polo Press; and in honor of the late William B. Whiffen, editor of the Lacon Democrat, prepared by Spencer Ellsworth, who was absent, and read by Mr. Clinton. Several visitors were present from other states, including J. West Goodwin, Presi- dent of the Missouri Press Association, and Walter Williams of Columbia, Missouri. By unanimous consent the visitors were invited to take part in the exercises of the meeting. On the second day President Fletcher delivered his address. L. H. Chapin of the Brighton News gave the report of the committee on plates and patents. He read the following letter which had been sent to each member of the Association: Dear Sir and Brother: At the meeting of the Illinois Press Association held at Peoria, February, 1890, the undersigned were appointed a committee to solicit information from the mem- bers of the Association that could be used to advance the interests of many, if not all our members. It is a well known fact that the Patent sheet publishers are not dealing fairly and squarely with us as regards prices paid for sheets. Some arc paying a great deal more than others for the same service. We therefore address this circular to you and request that you will fill out the accompanying blank and return to us. If you are paying a high price for your sheets, the result of this study may save you money. If you are one of the fortunate ones, and are getting them lower than your neighbor, your assistance may be the means of aiding him. We shall treat your reply in the fullest confidence, only using it to prepare a table giving the Association a summary of what is being paid by the different members for their patent sheets. To be able to get up this table we must ask you to be prompt and return to us by January 15, 1891. Send your communication to the chairman of this committee, who for the month of January will be located at Room 64, Emilie Building, St. Louis. Please also forward a copy of your paper. Hoping to meet you at Joliet Feb. 3d. we are, Fraternally yours, L. H. Chapin, Brighton News; Charles Bradshaw, Carrollton Patriot; Joseph B. Gill, Murphys- boro Independent. The blank enclosed was itemized as follows: 1. Weekly, Daily, or both 2. Size 3. Folio or Quarto 4. Do you use patents? Illinois Newspaper Directory and History 5. Do you use plates? 6. Number pages patent 7. State amt. of adv. if any, on patent side _ 8. From what publishing house _ 9. Number of quires used 10. Average number columns of plate 11. Price per column plate — 12. Price per quire patent The committee reported that over one-third of the members, or 75, of the Asso- ciation responded. A great variation was found in the prices paid by the different members which convinced the committee that reform was needed. Two reasons that there were not more returns from the questionnaire were: that some got what they termed "a confidential rate," from their publishing house and did not feel at liberty to make it known, while others were paying a much higher rate, and disliked to have anyone know how badly they were being treated. "It is a well-known fact," said Mr. Chapin, "that i monopoly and combination exists among Patent houses." The following summary was made from the reports: 5 column Folio — pays from 9 cents to 1 3 cents 6 column Folio — pays from 9 cents to 1 1 cents 4 column Quarto )_ frQm „ cents tQ 1? cents 7 column Folio \ 5 column Quarto |_ pays frQm u cents tQ H cents 8 column Folio \ 6 column Quarto ) frQm ^ cents tQ , g cents 9 column Folio \ 7 column Quarto ) frQm „ cents tQ 21/ , cents 10 column Folio \ 8 column Quarto — pays 26 cents The committee suggested as the only remedy for the situation that the Illinois Press Association print its own patents. It was the committee plan that a corporation be formed within the Association, stock held in equal shares by the members of the Association, the business arranged by a board of directors chosen by the Association, all employees paid a salary, and all profits belonging to the Association used in reducing the price of patent sheets. A lengthy discussion was held on this suggestion. J. M. Page, of the Jerseyville Democrat, said he was paying 16 cents for patents. Thomas Rees, of the Springfield State Register, said that he believed it would be a mistake for the Association to go into business as an Association, thereby defeating their purpose, but that it would be a good idea to form a company with each paper represented taking one certificate of stock. Mr. Rees pointed out that while members were charging home advertisers $6 for a certain space, they were furnishing it to patent outside houses for $1.5 6. A paper was read on "How Newspapers Are Illustrated" by C. Gentile of the Chicago Eye, who told of the new half tone and etching method, also the chalk method. Mr. Stephens of Missouri, was to give the annual address but was unable to be present and Mr. Walter Williams of Columbia, Missouri, gave the address in his place on the subject, "The Journalist." The address is quoted in full as it shows the mark of Walter Williams and his "teacher" seventeen years before Williams started the first successful school of journalism in the world. (Walter Williams was founder and first head of the School of Journalism at the University of Missouri and later President of the University.) 112 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Professional Ideals in 1891 "Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: In what will be said to-day the effort will be to present some of the qualifications of the true journalist. A discussion of the journalist involves a discussion of journalism. Every great journal is the product of some great journalist. The New York Herald, is Bennett; the New York Tribune, is Greeley; the New York Sun, is Dana; the New York World, is Pulitzer; the Atlanta Constitution, is Grady; the Chicago Tribune, is Medill; and the Chicago Herald, is Scott. Much as we may decry personalism in newspaper management at least upon the person depends the paper. "Studying the qualities of these journalists and the histories of their papers, recognizing their merits and weaknesses, we may arrive at certain tangible conclusions touching the conditions of success in journalism. "I propose, therefore, to consider the journalist with reference to: 1. His equip- ment; 2. His power. "The primary qualification is common sense. It lies at the foundation of the whole business. If, instead of a school for journalism, as has been proposed, there could be established some metaphysical or phrenological laboratory wherein could be applied an unerring taste for the detection of this great commodity of common sense, what a priceless boon would be secured to our profession. It would largely solve the problem. We are afflicted with cranks. A wide spread and woeful misconception of its nature leads into journalism thousands who are wholly unfitted for its duties, and hence its history is strewn with wrecks. One man — perchance a college graduate — conceives that journalism consists chiefly of ability to write; another looks upon it as a lever to political preferment; another — the long haired man or the short haired woman, as the case may be — regards it as an instrument for a hobby; another as simply a medium of money making, and another as refuge from a failure somewhere else. The truth is that no profession needs more many-sidedness, more special fitness, a wider range of qualifications, — in other words, more of that common sense which is everywhere the prerequisite of success. "No man can be a journalist who does not possess the journalistic instinct. Some one has said that God Almighty puts his finger upon a man and makes him a journalist. To an extent he does. He leaves, however, the completion of the job to the man himself. The true journalist has an intuitive perception of what the public wants. He knows what is and what is not news. The higher art of editing is in knowing what to put in a paper and what to leave out. A capable journalist will discover news where an incapable one never sees it, and will reject as worthless what another will emphasize. He will not view events through the media of his own tastes or prejudices. He realizes that his paper is published for all, and he will give prominence to facts in exact pro- portion to their value. Hence a professional politician is a poor journalist, as is any man afflicted with a hobby. He who conceives that a mission of his paper is to vent spite is no journalist. It is told of the late James Gordon Bennett that men who cow- hided him received as fair treatment and were accorded as much credit for their meritorious acts as his personal friends. This may have been carrying journalism to an uncomfortable degree, but Bennett was a great journalist and honored his profession. "A newspaper must have equilibrium. It must exhibit constant equipoise and self restraint. Its duty is to the public, and the public is not interested in our private feuds or selfish interests, and is quick to detect and resent them. A newspaper loses its influence the moment it becomes the vehicle of personal animosity or ambition. Nor must undue prominence be given to any department of news or editorial. The 113 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History quality and quantity of each are to be largely determined by locality and circum- stances, and here again is demanded the indispensible requisite of common sense. "A vast amount of the interest of the paper depends upon the incisiveness with which every item is prepared. Of all things it should avoid dreariness. Every paragraph, whether of news or editorial, should be well written and in the true journalistic vein. The more racy, gossipy, or even conversational, a newspaper is made the more inter- esting to the reader. It should keep out of beaten paths, and freshness and originality should pervade every page and every issue. One of the chief merits of every successful journalist has been that he did things differently from others. "A newspaper must not be simply a narrative. Hence the editorial must not be disregarded. It gives the paper character and force, and individuality. The journalistic instinct finds no truer expression than in its selection of subjects for editorials as well as their methods of treatment. Editorials should be brief, "catchy," pertinent, suggestive and upon themes which possess a direct interest to the reader. Numbers of papers, metropolitan and rural, fail dismally in their editorial department, not because they do not contain able and well written editorials, but because they select subjects of no special interest to their readers and then treat them in a dreary and unentertaining manner. Much depends upon the phraseology of a heading. Mr. Joseph Pulitzer, who is not bad authority, declares that the people do not know a good item unless it is told to them in the heading. The caption should tell what the article is about in such a way as to attract attention. If it is a lengthy news article, either the heading or the first paragraph should indicate the contents of all that is to follow: if an editorial, it should hit the nail on the head in the first sentence, and keep on hitting it to the end. "No one is fitted to write editorials who does not mingle with men. To prepare breezy, practical articles, calculated to engage and influence popular thought, he must draw his inspiration fresh from the people. To sit up in the fifth story of a printing establishment, amid books and cobwebs, away from any contact with the world, and undertake to direct public sentiment upon the vital issues of the day, is to insure an impracticable, theoretical and musty view of things that will divest any paper of editorial power. A journalist must be in close and familiar touch with the people among whom his paper circulates. For a lack of this essential sympathy many of our city dadies fail to exercise the influence over the masses which they should. "In his contact with the world, the country editor possesses a great advantage over his city brother, and hence there is every reason why his editorial work should possess a freshness and a pertinence to the live issues of the time. Driven by a multi- plicity of cares, he is constantly tempted to disregard editorial duties. They constitute, however, a most important department of his profession, and he cannot afford to neglect them. "Editorial work, is, in fact, the highest and truest mission of a newspaper. The purpose of journalism is not simply the collation of news and the publishing of adver- tisements. Its real object is to mold public sentiment, and a blank editorial page makes a newspaper almost as meaningless as a man without a brain. "Common sense also implies business sense. No journalist can be truly successful who has not business ideas. Even though he never enter the counting room, he is not fitted to write upon the great economic questions which engage public attention, unless he has some practical knowledge of affairs himself. Mr. Greeley perhaps stands as the only great American journalist who was not also a business man, but he understood its value well enough to associate with himself one who supplied this necessary element of management. Upon financial prosperity of a newspaper depends all of its prosperity, and likewise independence and influence. A judicious expenditure of money, correct Iiiinoi^ Newspaper Dikm tory and History methods of bookkeeping, by which there can at all times be a knowledge of receipts and expenses, a constant pushing of circulation and advertising, securing good pay for it — in other words, sagacious business management calls for the very highest quali- ties and is indispensible to success. No other avocation depends more upon energy, vigilance and judgment. It does not grow by accident. Its possibilities of development are almost illimitable. A successful newspaper manager will be fertile in expedients for securing patronage and will realize that ceaseless resource and originality are the price of prosperity. The phenomenal success of Robert Bonner stands as lasting proof of the value of advertising as a means of increasing circulation, and the result of the plan lately adopted by the Chicago papers ought to be convincing evidence that it is far more profitable to deal directly with advertisers than through any mediary or agency whatever. "I believe that the day is near at hand when every association in this land will have its own agent, as the state of California has today, to not only contract for all the advertising the newspapers cannot secure themselves, but also to purchase all the material of every kind for its members at rates far below that paid to-day The system of co-operation is growing among newspapers as never before. The metropolitan papers have already made rapid strides towards it, both in local organization and through the American Publishers' Association, which by the way, is doing a great work for the newspapers of the country, and the rural press is approaching it with a steadiness that promises early attainment. "But the true journalist realizes that permanent success depends not so much upon soliciting the public for its patronage, as upon furnishing it with a newspaper that it cannot do without. When a paper has so far met a demand as to make itself indispens- able, it has been planted upon a footing that is impregnable. This is within the power of any journal to do, and the striking success of such papers as the New York World, the Chicago Herald and the Boston Globe demonstrates that it may be done without years or even months of waiting. The public are not slow to appreciate a good thing when they see it. "The conditions are simple. First find an auspicious field and then give the public a first class article. The first condition is that it be attractive typographically, and that it be well printed. If there is one criticism which may apply to the journals of this country, daily and weekly, it is the neglect of this most essential feature. The appearance of a paper will do almost as much to attract favor as the matter that is put in it. The eliminating of disfiguring cuts and ancient black type, and the adoption of the most modern letters and style, combined with good press work and handsome paper, produce an effect that is sure to return more than all it costs. The make-up of a paper with a view to harmony and symmetry, adds immeasurably to its attractive- ness. Papers might be named not a thousand miles away, which constantly neutralize undoubted merit in their editorial and news service by having their matter thrown together in a slovenly way and then printed correspondingly. The mechanical appear- ance must not be neglected. "But a first class paper is impossible apart from first class management. No paper has ever attained success which employed inferior men in its editorial or reportorial departments. It is a false economy which stints in either. While the editorial manage- ment should be vigorous and competent, an efficient news service is no less important. Nowhere is enterprise, intelligence, faithfulness or the journalistic instinct more essential, than in the reporter. There is as much necessity for good writing and sound judgment at the reporter's table, as in the sanctum. The man who can make an intelligent synopsis of a speech, who can describe an event in such a manner as to vividly set forth Illinois Newspaper Directory and History its salient features, or who has a real 'nose for news,' possesses a rare ability and should be well paid. "The newspaper of the future will in many respects be a reaction from the newspaper of to-day. Where the present journal contains columns it will have para- graphs. It will print the news — not the rubbish. It will be comprehensive as well as concise. It will be the daily world in a nutshell. It will be the antithesis of dreariness, and it will be a paper for the busy man, which he can read at breakfast and go to his work informed. The people are fast wearying of wading through acres of stuff to get nuggets of news. The papers today which most nearly approach this idea, are the most widely read, and they employ, as such papers must necessarily employ, the best talent at whatever cost. "The model country paper in fact, now more nearly meets the popular demand than any other, because it is a condensed reflex of the world's news and thought, and this leads to the thought that the best school for the journalist to-day is the country printing office. For a thorough knowledge of business and detail, for an understanding of men and things, versatility in the profession, and for thrift and resource, experience is there acquired, and opportunities afforded as nowhere else. Yes more. It requires a wider range of qualification, more energy and journalistic capacity to successfully conduct a weekly newspaper in a rural town than it does to manage an established daily in a city. Most of the great journalists of our country came from country news- papers, and will acknowledge that they owe their success largely to the experience there acquired. "But the journalist must realize that something more than natural and acquired qualification for the technical duties of his profession is essential. Given the brain — for which he may devoutly thank God — he must know how to use it. A disciplined mind is as essential to the editor as to the lawyer or doctor or college professor. The power to think consecutively and methodically is extremely important, and while it is greatly developed by exercise it is also much aided by study. An evil, which, owing to the fragmentary and varied nature of his work every journalist has to combat, is the loss of concentrativeness. The only remedy is close application to a uniform line of reading. A knowledge of general literature, or history, of the theory of government, and most of all the structure of principles of the English language is well nigh indis- pensible. Such culture enriches style, gives readiness and force to expression, facilitates editorial thought and affords piquancy and point in paragraphing. The necessity which is constantly upon an editor to write at once intelligently upon an endless variety of subjects, and to rapidly gather and condense news from numberless sources, renders his adequacy to the task possible only when he possesses a liberal culture. "The true journalist appreciates the dignity of his calling, and whether he conducts a large daily or a small weekly will not belittle it by reference to his poverty or efforts to impress the public with the idea that his profession is contemptible. If this is his only way of being witty, he had better remain solemn. No quality is more important in journalism than humor, provided it is humor. It certainly is not, when it is used to degrade a profession than which there is none more dignified or honorable. "The editor should be in love with his business. Next to his religion and his wife and children it should absorb his entire thought and effort. Do not let them make you school director, or town councilman, or send you to the legislature. These but interfere with your work, cripple your influence and put you where you may be a target for your enemies. Most of all do not look upon your profession as a stepping stone for something else. Be an editor until you are an angel — which you will be if you are the right kind of editor. 116 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "Of course now and then an editor's merits become so conspicious that the public will lay violent hands upon him and send him to congress, or make him master in chancery, or put him in the service of the supreme court, or in the state senate, or some other position demanding extraordinary virtues, and he perhaps yields upon the patriotic principle, which was the rule of action of the late Senator David Davis, of your state — that a public trust was neither to be sought nor declined by an American citizen; but as far as possible let us rescue our brethren from such fates, and as speedily as we can win them back to a profession which they so signally adorn, and where their oppor- tunities for usefulness are so much more exalted. "Journalism is a profession — just as much as law, or medicine, or theology. But in the fact that it is not sufficiently thus regarded either by the public, or its devotees, lies one of the chief obstacles to its power. The public is the editor's client, and his fealty to it should be as loyal and as untrammeled as though he were a lawyer retained to defend it. The editor and the individual are two persons. James Parton, I believe it is, who said that 'The individual is a man speaking to men, but the editor is provi- dence speaking to men.' While this may be placing the average journalist somewhat higher than he deserves, there is an element of truth in it. The editor who is unfaithful to the public, is as guilty as the lawyer who is unfaithful to his client. Hence it is bad policy for an editor to sustain confidential relations with too many people, and it is simply fatal for him to be under such obligations, financial or otherwise, as to embarrass or restrain him, when duty requires him to tell the truth. There, we repeat, the extreme importance of him being financially independent and absolutely free from all personal or political complications. While he should seek to be respected and esteemed by all men, he should not let them slap him on the shoulder. The strength which will flow to him out of respect for his integrity and honesty as a journalist will be far more substantial than that which he can possibly gather by simply being a clever fellow. The public admire and will sustain an editor who stands for the right at all times irrespective of personal considerations. To maintain professional individuality and dignity is more difficult for the country, than the city editor, but it is possible as well as profitable in both. "Mr. George William Curtis has well said that no man can attain success as a journalist who has not a clean character. However much truth he may tell, however brave, capable and faithful in his work, if he is vulnerable to the criticisms which he applies to others, he will be shorn of his power. He is a standing discredit to his own statement! Strive as much as he may to conceal his personality, the public will discover it and will weight his utterances by the standard of his character. While it may be possible here and there men have achieved temporary success in journalism in spite of their unclean characters, they are the exceptions to the rule; and it may be claimed without fear of contradiction that no more pure or incorruptible class of workers adorn the history of our country than those who have won distinction in journalism. "The editor stands in the calcium light of constant criticism. His every weakness and foible are perpetually under public inspection and are the themes for unlimited exaggeration and pervision. His life and labor are an unceasing invitation to the slanderer. "In his mission of exposing iniquity, he must provoke bitter and unrelenting hatred, and the only resource of scoundrels when convicted by a newspaper is, to turn the shafts of their malice upon the editor. Let his character he invulnerable, and they will fall harmless at his feet. He is thrice armed, and thus armed he may be utterly indifferent to assault. "The first great duty of the journalist is to tell the truth. Tell it in his editorials, tell it in his news columns, tell it at all times and under all circumstances — not in 117 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History malice or in bitterness or indiscretion, but in firmness and kindness and as the occasion may require. If a public official is recreant or unfit, tell it. If he is a member of your own party, still tell it — -and in a louder tone. If a candidate is a scoundrel, tell it; if of your own party, still tell it. If any public character is a humbug, tell it. If a lecture or an entertainment was a fraud, tell it. Always tell the truth. But be sure that it is the truth. The editor who recklessly or indiscriminately assaults men and things from motives of selfishness or malice is both a coward and a criminal. He deserves the execration of every honest man. It is not necessary always to tell all the truth. As to how much, judgment and a correct sense of justice must determine. An indiscrete editor will publish many things true in themselves which, however, should not appear in his columns. But nowhere does the newspaper so fulfill its mission or serve the public as in telling the truth wisely and without fear or favor. "Do not tell more than the truth. If a lawyer made a fair address before the jury, say so, but do not cannonize it as the most thrillingly eloquent effort ever heard in the Bungtown court house. If a fair maiden of average face and figure has just returned from college and upon a certain occasion has made her debut into that realm of snobdom, commonly called fashionable life, do her not the cruelty of announcing that the beautiful and accomplished Miss So and So won all hearts by her brilliant and charming manner. Divest your fellow townsmen of all military and civil titles except such as belong to them; and if an esteemed member of the Farmers' Alliance is suddenly seized with statesmanship, do not, in advocating him for congress, endeavor to impress the public that when he shall have taken his seat the country will receive an electric shock every time he arises to address the speaker. The Almighty did not create editors to lie for people, and the public resents snobbery in a newspaper as much as it does in a man. Tell the truth in your news columns. Extravagant puffing is extremely annoying to the public, and the worst sort of cruelty to the victims puffed. A delicate, but truthful compliment is far more valuable, and is unobjectionable; and a newspaper may, and should seek frequent occasions for kindly reference and temperate and deserved praise. The public loves a paper that tells the truth, and cordially despises one that does not. "The crowning element of a journalist's equipment is his courage — not the courage of the revolver and the bowie knife, not the courage which fills his columns with vilification of his neighbor across the way, but moral courage which suffers as well as strikes, which attacks wrong as readily in opposition as in obedience to public sentiment — courage which will endure contumely and persecution for the right as cheerfully as it will lead a sympathetic crusade in its behalf. The true journalist has but one standard by which to be guided — and that is truth. He recognizes that he is the moulder of opinion, that the public is nearly as often wrong as right, and that it is his duty to lead, not follow. He will sacrifice personal interests and friendships and, if necessary, life itself before he will compromise with evil, or be the instrument of corruption or wrong. Thank God that we have men who possess this courage, and who are an honor alike to journalism and civilization. "Such, in my view, gentlemen, are the elements which constitute the true journalist. Thus equipped with common sense, the journalistic instinct, knowledge, business sense, a clean character, truthfulness and courage, he stands as the highest exponent of intelli- gence and influence and the greatest of all protectors of public and private virtue, of personal and civil freedom. And he is no imaginative character. He may be found from one end of this country to the other — as often, yea if not oftener, in the control of the humble and modest weekly as at the head of the great city daily. And let me add that the exhibition of these characteristics is even more significant and at a greater cost in the manager of the country journal, living as he does in closer contact and in 118 Illinois Ni«si'ai>ir Directory and History greater dependence upon the public, limited in means and hence more environed by temptation, than they can be in the metropolitan editor who is remote from, and independent from these impediments. The journalist who is a dishonor to his profession is the exception and not the rule. "Realizing as we must, the grave responsibilities committed to our hands, we should strive to reach that standard of excellence which will secure the largest possible measure of efticiencv and influence. The newspaper is to-day the greatest guide to the world's thought, and it is multiplying its forces and increasing its power with a rapidity that is bewildering. In this march of progress — in this approach to high ideals let every journalist, however, humble he may be, feel that he is a constituent part. An eminent citizen of our country, a distinguished lawyer and senator of New York, has but recently said that in his judgment the greatest profession present and pros- pective, is that of journalism. In versatility, in responsibility, in opportunity, and at no distant day in its rewards it will stand supreme. Let us then strive to elevate, strengthen, purify and adorn it. "In this great state of Illinois with its 15 00 newspapers, and its nearly 4,000,000 population, justly celebrated for its natural resources, its commercial energy and its patriotic traditions, a state which has given to civilization, Stephen A. Douglas and Abraham Lincoln, and to the varied avocations and conspicuously to journalism, so many bright and shining lights, within whose borders stands the future, if not the great city of America, may our profession receive an impetus and a development worthy of such congenial and splendid surroundings. And to do this I know of no better agency than that system of professional co-operation and fraternal sympathy so expressly illustrated in this representative State Press Association which I wish now to thank for the honor they have paid me and whose patience I will now relieve." At the conclusion of the paper Mr. Page moved that the sympathy of the Associa- tion be extended to Mr. Stephens on account of the illness of his wife, and thanks offered to him and Mr. Williams for the very able address. Mrs. J. J. Penny of Pinckneyville read a paper on the duties of "Editors Wives in Connection with a Newspaper." A report was made by the Committee on Employing Advertising Agents. The consensus of opinion of the committee and the members of the Association whom they had consulted was that the employment of an advertising agent for the association was impracticable. It was recommended as the best course to follow that the members adopt and strictly adhere to the rate made by the Committee on Advertising the previous year: Circulation Rat vs Per Inch Per 100 Circulation Less than 1000 65 cents a year 1000 to 15 00 60 cents a year 15 00 to 2000 5 5 cents a year Over 2000 5 cents a year Reading notices 10 cents per line per 100 circulation. On contracts aggregating $25, five per cent discount; on $50, 10 per cent; on $75, fifteen per cent; and on $100, twenty per cent. Twenty-five per cent discount to liberal foreign advertisers and advertising agents. E. A. Snively, Carlinville Enquirer, of the Committee on Legislation, reported that several bills had been introduced into the Senate which had bearing upon newspaper men, among them a bill to bring about collection of taxes twice a year, and of cutting the price of publishing the delinquent tax list in half. R. W. Coon of the Waukegan Gazette stated that in regard to the tax business he did not think the taxes were too 119 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History high, and that the association should show its power by defeating this bill. Mr. Snively's report was accepted and he was continued as the Legislative committee, with the usual understanding that he should work against any bills that would injure newspaper men. Minor changes in the Constitution were approved on report of a committee headed by Thomas Rees of the Springfield State Register. An amendment to the By-laws presented by E. A. Snively was adopted providing that after the year 1893 no persons should be permitted to accompany the excursions given by the Association who had not been for two years a member of the Association, and either attended the two preceding meetings thereof or sent to the secretary a written excuse for failure to attend such meetings. This provision was used in cutting down the number of "joyriders" and hangers on who had been getting free parties at the expense of the Association and its hosts. Owen Scott of the Bloomington Free Mason presented E. B. Fletcher of the Morris Herald with a watch in token of the appreciation by the Association for his excellent management of the Mexican trip. F. S. Greenleaf of the Savanna Journal presented a paper on "How Much Ought It to Cost Per Year to Produce An Average Newspaper of 1,000 Circulation." He considered that the labor of three persons was necessary, that most papers used ready prints because they were cheap, and that at 14 cents a quire, the average paper, with express added came to around $360. The items of expense as he gave them were: Wages $ 1 6 5 Paper 360 Rent 1 5 Po w e r 5 Ink and rollers 12 Postage 18 Correspond e n c e 5 Fuel and Oil 40 Taxes and insurance 3 5 Incident a 1 s 1 * Wear and tear 5 $2430 In round numbers, with minor savings he considered the cost $2400 — $200 a month to produce the average paper. P. F. Warner of the Havana Republican read a paper on "The Press As a Moral Agent." The report of the Committee on Specimens of Job Printing was given and the report accepted. Mr. President and Members of the Association: Your Committee to whom was referred the subject of Job Specimens would report as follows: We recommend that each office connected with this Association prepare during the ensuing year at least 150 specimens of job work, and that the same be mounted on good flat paper, size eleven by fourteen inches, leaving a margin of one and one-half inches on the left for binding, also one inch margin at top and bottom and right side. That each office furnish 150 of these sheets with one or more specimens mounted on same and that they be brought to the next meeting of the Association and there dis- tributed by the committee to those contributing. — W. L. Jones, L. A. McLean, J. W. Clinton. 120 Illinois Newspaper Diiu < iory and History The next paper was on "Postal Rates to Newspapers," by C. D. Tufts of the ( entralia Democrat. It told of the abuses of the lc per pound rate on 2nd class postage, and of how the country paper suffers in comparison with the city paper. His letter was ordered sent to Postmaster-General Wanamaker. Miss Caroline Hiding of the Woman's Press Association, Chicago, spoke. Part of her speech is here quoted: "On our books we have Mary Allen West, who is President, Francis Willard. who is very well known, and others of the same standing. At our last annual meeting and banquet, we invited all the members of the Illinois Press Association that we could think of. I was then elected as a delegate to this convention and the International Press Club. Our delegates at a meeting at Pittsburgh were very well received. We are also represented in the National Editorial Association. Perhaps it is not necessary for me to say so much about our club. I wish we were eligible to membership here. The W. I. P. A. members are sensible of the honor you have done them in inviting us to come here. We thank you very much." Another guest, Mr. W. O. L. Jewett of Missouri was introduced and spoke briefly. The officers elected for the coming year were: President: Thomas Rees, Springfield State Register; Vice Presidents: W. W. Lowis, Lena Star; C. W. Warner, Hoopeston Chronicle; R. T. Spencer, Illiopolis State Center; Secretary, J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat; Treasurer, George M. Tatham, Greenville Advertiser; Executive Committee, E. R. Fletcher, Morris Herald; Owen Scott, Bloomington Bulletin; L. A. Mclean. Urbana Herald. Trips were made to the steel factor) 1 and the penitentiary. 1892 The twenty-seventh annual session of the Illinois Press Association was held at Litchn.'ld March 15, 16 and 17, 1892. President Thomas Rees of the Springfield State Register presided. The Honorable R. F. Bennett, mayor of Litchfield, welcomed the members, and President Rees responded. In his annual address, the President spoke of the National Editorial Association, and the Committee on the President's Address recommended that the delegates to the N. E. A. be instructed to use their influence to restrict representation in the national body to non-partisan state press associations, in which the qualification for membership is active connection with a legitimate newspaper. The Secretary, J. M. Page of the Jerseyville Democrat made the following statement in regard to the National Editorial Association: "I will state for the benefit of this Association that Illinois is always ahead. We never take a back seat for anybody. The Illinois associations represented in the National Editorial Association are the Illinois State, Southern Illinois, Illinois Military Tract, Chicago Press Club, Illinois Woman's Press, Democratic, Republican, Inland Daily, and Chicago Press League; making nine Illinois associations that are members of the National Editorial Association. The question of so many associations from one state was brought up at St. Paul, and it was decided that at the next meeting which is to be held at San Francisco, a motion that was made at St. Paul will be acted upon and adopted as part of the constitution of said association restricting membership in the National Association to state associations." (The constitution wis thus amended at San Francisco the same year.) The Secretary also stated that the National Editorial Association had taken up the matter of government printing of envelopes. E. A. Snively of the Carlinville Enquirer told of the Southern Illinois Association: Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "The Southern Illinois Press Association was not organized merely for the operation of newspaper business, but for the purpose of booming southern Illinois. I doubt if there is an association which has accomplished its work as successfully as the Southern Illinois. The land that a few years ago was not worth a dollar an acre is now worth $100 per acre. They have paid very little attention to the practical part of the newspaper business." Secretary Page reported that there had been no excursion the previous summer because of conflict of dates and possible conflict with the excursion of the Southern Illinois Press Association. W. L. Eaton of the Rockford Register-Gazette gave a paper on "The Press and the Illinois Road Question." E. A. Snively of the Carlinville Enquirer moved that a committee of seven be appointed as delegates to the Illinois State Permanent Road Association to present an address, the implication being that the committee would urge greater activity in road building. The motion was carried. Morris Emmerson of the Mt. Vernon Register introduced the subject, "What Should Our Newspapers Cost." Others followed on the same subject, namely: A. G. Hawley of the Lockport Advertiser and C. J. Lumpkin of the Carlinville Enquirer. James L. Lee of the Chicago Album told of seeing a Rogers typesetter working, and the President, who had seen a Mergenthaler machine in Toledo, predicted that in a few years it would replace the compositor. (The Linotype machine was invented by Mergenthaler about 1886.) "The Influence of the Country Press in Good Works," by Mrs. E. B. Fletcher of foliet was read by her daughter, Miss Inez, as Mrs. Fletcher was ill and unable to attend. R. T. Spencer of the Illiopolis State Center read his paper, "An Illinois Editor in Europe," telling of his experiences abroad. John C. Bundy of the Religio Philosophical Journal, Chicago, offered the following resolutions which were adopted: Resolved, That the Illinois Press Association in annual convention assembled, heartily endorses the decision of the postal authorities and approves the action taken in barring "Printer's Ink" from the mails as second-class matter. Resolved, That this Association respectfully but earnestly urge upon the Postmaster General the importance of rigid inspection of the claims of all appli- cants desiring to enter their publication as second-class matter. Resolved, That the sending through the United States mails at second-class rates of cheap novels and other varieties of literary trash is detrimental to the pecuniary and moral welfare of the public and disgraceful to the United States government which is thereby made a party to the private interests of a class of publishers who cater to the morbid and prurient of all illy-organized people, who thrive by stimulating intellectual debauchery. Owen Scott of the Bloomington Free Mason as representative of the National Editorial Association, made a report. He said: "In regard to the bills, I want to talk to you about what is of interest to us all. I have introduced four bills in the House that are of special interest. The first is the envelope bill which I introduced to prevent the government printing any matter on envelopes except the blank form on the envelope, 'return in ten days to ,' which is used by the people who use two or three dozen a year. The bill was before the House of Representatives Tuesday, and I appeared before the House on behalf of that bill. I think the committee would have reported favorably on that bill had it not been for one member, but one gentleman saw fit not to approve of it, in fact he opposed it. I want to say if you want to help this along, do not do it by petition. It goes into the waste basket, but if you will sit down and write a letter to your member of Illinois Newspaper Directory and History congress and make his hair stand on end, it will do some good. I want every member to fire on the head, so to speak, of Mr. Hopkins on the envelope bill. The republicans can influence him, he does not care about democrats. The bill is No. 6915. I am not publishing a newspaper, am not interested in typesetting. The matter is important to you, and every member interested should write immediately to him asking him to assist in prohibiting the government printing return cards on envelopes. I think the bill will pass the House. I have the assurance from a majority of the committee that the bill will be reported favorably. Of the other three bills I took up, there is one that is a bill to prevent books, or reprints of books, circulating through the mails at pound rates. Another bill I have presented is the one that gave me the most trouble of any of them. This bill has given me the most trouble in two or three ways, especially. It is the bill regarding the advertising sheets and sample copies. The trouble with this is to define advertising so as to restrict the sample copy that interferes with the legitimate work of the newspapers. I have introduced a third bill, the number of which I cannot give, at the suggestion of Mr. Page and Mr. Tufts, and a number of others. The abuse in this matter comes very largely from what is called 'sample copies' under the postal laws. Under the law as now existing, you can send as many sample copies as you see fit every issue. The legitimate newspapers of the country do not desire to avail themselves of its privileges. They occasionally send sample copies. The abuse comes from every trade journal and patent medicine sheet. It is done in this way. To get it scheduled as second-class matter, it must have an actual subscription list. They go to the Post Office department and say, 'I want this entered as second-class matter.' 'Where is your list?' they say. 'I haven't any.' They go out and get a list of one hundred and over. They make affidavit that they have a list of one hundred. Then they send as many sample copies as they please. It is just a way to get the government to pay so much per ton for the second-class matter. If that was cut off a great deal of the advertising would go into the newspapers where it belongs. Then there is another bill. No. 5 064. It has been amended to read, 'One copy to each actual subscriber residing in or near any post office located in each county.' " J. West Goodwin of Sedalia, Missouri, spoke briefly on the American Newspaper Association, an organization of metropolitan papers which was extending membership to the country press. A resolution was offered and accepted that a committee be appointed to correspond with and visit the various associations in the State of Illinois for the purpose of inducing the members to come into the Illinois State Press Association. A committee of President Rees, Secretary Page, and E. A. Snively was appointed to confer with the state board of Agriculture in regard to the representation of the Press Association at the World's Fair. The feeling of the members was expressed that the Illinois Press Association should have a larger representation at the Fair than any other press association, and that their interests should be looked after. W. J. Roberts of the White Hall Register read a paper on "How Much Advertising Is Necessary to Extract a Good Living from a Newspaper?" Following this, Perry Hughes of the Clinton Register spoke on "How to Get Enough Advertising to Extract a Good Living from a Newspaper." Delegates were chosen for the meeting of the National Editorial Association. The officers elected were: President, W. W. Lowis of the Lena Star; Vice Presidents, J. N. Onstott of the Petersburg Democrat, Morris Emmerson of the Mt. Vernon Register, Frank Greenleaf of the Savanna Journal; Secretary, J. M. Page of the Jerseyville Democrat; Treasurer, George M. Tatham of the Greenville Advocate; Executive Com- 123 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History mittee, Thomas Rees of the Springfield Register; E. B. Fletcher of the Joliet Republican; Owen Scott of the Bloomington Free Mason. 1893 The twenty-eighth annual session of the Illinois Press Association was held at Rockford March 14, 15 and 16, 1893. The meeting opened in Unity Hall, President W. W. Lowis of the Lena Star presiding. The mayor of Rockford, the Honorable H. N. Starr, delivered the address of welcome. E. A. Snively of Springfield responded. Clinton Rosette of the DeKalb Chronicle told of a trip to England, a trip which the Association held hopes of taking at some time in the future. The women of Rockford on the local committee entertained the wives of the members in attendance with a reception in the home of Mrs. John A. Lewis, a heart party in Unity Hall given by Mrs. W. Fletcher Barnes, and a visit to Buckbee's greenhouses. The publishing of financial statements of county officers was one of the first topics discussed at the regular meeting of the Association. President Lowis gave the annual President's address. Exercises were held for the late Milton W. Mathews of the Urbana Herald. A paper in his honor was read by E. A. Snively of Springfield. President Lowis read a memorial tribute to the late Andrew C. Cameron, former editor of the Inland Printer and the Artist Printer. J. K. LeBaron of the Elgin Every Saturday read a tribute to the late John C. Bunday, Religio-Philosophical Journal, Chicago. G. W. Harper of the Robinson Argus read a paper on the late Asa Miller, editor of the Tuscola Review. J. N. Onstott of the Petersburg Democrat read the report of the committee on Australian Ballot, which had been appointed to ascertain the amount paid for pub- lishing the ballot and printing the tickets for November election. A tremendous range of prices was shown in the results obtained from 84 of the 102 counties of the state. For example, Champaign and Pulaski counties published the ballot for nothing, and the highest paying (Peoria) county received 3 5 times as much as the lowest which made a charge (Iroquois). The committee recommended that the members of the Association charge such rates as would insure a reasonable profit. At the request of Mr. Rees the secretary called the roll of counties and learned that the average price charged for printing the township ticket was 5 cents per inch column measure. E. A. Snively of Springfield as representative of the Association, was instructed to try to secure the passage of the Anderson bill. Mr. Anderson at a later session appeared before the Association to explain the bill. According to him the Australian ballot law as it stood required that all nominations be published in two papers of opposite political views. An unsatisfactory proposal, the Moore bill, provided that it be optional with the judges of elections of townships, cities and villages, whether they publish these ballots or not. In townships where there was only one paper published it would be necessary for the election judges to send the tickets to a neighboring paper of their own choice for publication. Mr. Anderson's bill to head this off provided that in cases of only a single paper in a township, publication in that paper of tickets of township, city and village officers should be sufficient. E. A. Snively, chairman of the World's Fair Committee, reported some progress in getting courtesies for the Illinois Press Association. In return for advertising the Association had secured admission tickets for members and their families from the first day of the Fair to the last. J. M. Page of the Jerseyville Democrat was chosen to be in charge of the Press Headquarters in the Illinois Building. Mr. Page had asked an allowance of $30,000 from the World's Fair Commission, and the commission had passed a resolution to allow $5,000. The rooms of the Press Headquarters were to be Ii i inois Newspaper Directory and History fitted tor the use of newspaper men and guides were to be provided to show them around. At the request of E. A. Snively a resolution was passed pledging the members of t lie Illinois Press Association to carry out faithfully any agreement made by the com- mittee, E. A. Snively, J. M. Page, and W. W. Lowis, who had been appointed at the Litchfield meeting to look after matters pertaining to the World's Fair. Clinton Rosette, J. M. Page, and J. J. Penny were appointed a committee to take up the matter of a trip to England. Arthur C. Bentley of the Baylis Guide read a paper on "Legal Advertising." He submitted the following lists on the length of time legal notices should run. One Publication — Notices of Delinquent tax list. Official ballot, new election law. Application for appointment of conservator for lunatic, idiot, drunkard, etc., ten days before term. Annual statements of officers of county and township who have custody of public funds. Legal fees — S 1 .00 per hundred words. Annual report of city or village treasurer. Proceedings of county board. Financial statement of county board. All ordinances of cities, villages and towns imposing any fine, forfeiture, penalty or making appropriation within one month from passage. City collector's notices of special assessment. Quarterly report of state banks. Resolution of in;°ntion to close business of bank. Two Successive Weeks Sale of unclaimed property by railroad or express companies or common carriers. First publication 1 5 days before sale. Petition to county and municipal boards for leave to use roads or streets for horse or dummy railroads. Application to county court for order to sell or compound desperate claims against estates. Intention to circulate petition praying for election to remove county seat. (Ten days.) Three Successive Weeks Attachment notice. (Copies required.) Guardians application to sell real estate. Notice of application for tax deed. SI for each lot or tract. Notice for sealed bids to construct hard roads by highway commissioners (in paper in township, but if none, then in paper nearest township). Notice by county clerk to land owners to cause survey and plat to be made. Replevin notice. Notice to persons whose residence is unknown, of sale of personal property to satisfy statutory lien, viz: Hotel keeper's lien on baggage, livery stable keeper's and agister's lien on stock for feed, etc. Notice by conservator of application to county court for order to sell or mortgage real estate. Estray notice by county clerk. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Advertisement of found property by county clerk where value exceeds $15.00. Adjustment notice of executor or administrator. First publication six weeks before term. Forcible entry and detainer, process. Garnishment, process. Sheriff's sale of real estate under execution, $2.00 per hundred words. Notice of application to circuit court for change of person's name. First publication six weeks prior to first day of term. Notice to owners to condemn land for park purposes. Notice of application to governor for pardon in county where conviction was had. Sale of real estate by conservator. Sale of real estate by assignee. Sale of real estate by master in chancery. (21 days.) Election notices (in all cities). (20 days.) Election of city officers after organization (20 days). Meeting of share holder of corporation. Meeting of share holders to change terms of corporation. Meeting of share holders to change terms of bank. Drainage district notices. Election to consider sale of cemetery lands. Annual report of trust companies. Four Successive Weeks Sale of school lands by county superintendent. Notice by non-resident conservator of application to circuit court for order to sell real estate. First publication 40 days before first day of court. Notice of application to county board for ferry license. Notice of application to county board for leave to establish a toll road or toll bridge. Administrator's sale of personal property on order of court. (Optional.) Administrator's or executor's petition to sell real estate to pay debts. First publi- cation 40 days before term. Copies should be mailed clerk soon as first publication is made. Administrator's or executor's sale of real estate. Chancery notice, process by publication. First publication 40 days before first day of term. Eminent domain — Process for condemnation of land under act of. Petition for assignment of dower. Replevin trial. Application of foreign loan company to sell real estate. Sale of real estate by foreign loan company. Scire Facias to revive judgment. Notice to defendant in error to supreme court. Trial of right of property. Sale of real estate by non-resident conservator. Scire Facias to foreclose mortgage. Sale of land by special commissioner. Application to sell under trust deed. Sale of real estate under trust deed. Process to establish record of land title. City election, to organize under general law. First publication 30 days before election. 126 Illinois Newspaper Dire< khu and History Petition for condemnation of land by municipal corporation. First publication 30 days before day of trial. Notice to non-resident owners of mechanic's lien. Intention to organize fire insurance companies. Notice of increase of capital stock of fire insurance company. Application to county board for consent to make canal. Notice of intention to organize savings institution. Six Successive Weeks Assignee's notice to creditors. Pub'ication of terms of limited partnership. Dissolution of limited partnership. Order of court in proceedings to escheat property. Last publication to be two weeks before first day of court. Description of trade mark of bottled or keg beer, ale, porter, soda water or other beverages. Six times per week for six weeks in daily or six successive weeks in weekly. Sixty Days Notice to build or increase size of mill dam, in nearest paper. Shareholder's meeting to concur in mortgaging railroad. Meeting to increase capital stock of railroad companies. Nine Weeks — Notices of Consolidation of railroad companies. Such Notice As Court Directs Guardian sale of real estate. (3 weeks.) Notice of application for dedimus potestatum to take deposition of non-resident witnesses to will. (3 weeks.) Administrator's and executor's notice of final settlement. (3 weeks.) The Rockford Camera company showed views incident to the paper on a visit to England by Mr. Rosette. W. F. Eastman of the Moline Dispatch read a paper on "The Relation of the Newspaper to the Public and Officials." R. W. Coon of the Waukegan Gazette read a paper on "Reciprocal Duty of Home, City and Paper." The President announced a tour of Rockford and a banquet at the Hotel Nelson in the evening. Lucian Dunbar of the Sterling Herald read a paper on "Prices to be Charged for Advertising, Home and Foreign." He submitted the following scale of prices: Space 3 Months 6 Months I Year 1 inch _ - $ .30 $ .25 S .15 2 inches .50 .40 .25 '/ 8 column - -60 .50 .3 5 '/ 4 column 1.00 .75 .60 '/, column 2.00 1.5 1.00 1 column 4.00 3.00 2.00 R. D. Parker of the Grays Lake Enterprise led the discussion on this paper, saying that all ads should be classified; that foreign ads should be paid for at the same price as home ads; home ads should have preference in regard to position; and that all towns 127 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History and counties should patronize their newspapers with a reasonable amount of advertising and that it was the duty of the profession to see that it was done. A motion was made and carried that the Executive Committee devise a badge for the members of the Association. George W. Cyrus of the Camp Point Journal read the amendment of the Con- stitution reported at the Litchfield meeting, providing that the Executive Committee should consist of three elected men other than past presidents. The amendment failed to pass. The officers elected were: President, Clinton Rosette, DeKalb Chronicle; Vice Presidents, C. D. Tufts, Centralia Democrat; G. W. Cyrus, Camp Point Journal; W. L. Eaton, Rockford Register-Gazette; Secretary, J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat; Treasurer, George M. Tatham, Greenville Advocate; Executive Committee, W. W. Lowis, Lena Star; J. N. Onstott, Petersburg Democrat; L. A. McLean, Urbana Herald. A resolution offered by Charles A. Stuck, Odell Gazette and Reporter, was laid on the table: Resolved, That the Illinois Press Association favors the publication by all newspapers, at least once a year, of a certified statement of their circulation for each issue for the year, believing it to be for the best interest of the newspapers to do so. A motion was carried that each member address a letter to Major Handy informing him that the member was ready to do all possible for the benefit of the World's Fair. (On May 21, 1893, George M. Tatham, Greenville Advocate, the Treasurer of the Association, died. C. M. Tinney, of the Virginia Gazette, was appointed by the Executive Committee to finish his term.) 1894 The twenty-ninth annual session of the Illinois Press Association was held at the Lexington Hotel, Chicago, on February 20, 21, 22 and 23, 1894. President Clinton Rosette of the DeKalb Chronicle called the meeting to order. The first paper on the program was "Benjamin Franklin as a Country Editor," by B. B. Herbert of National Printer Journalist, Chicago. This was an unusual paper emphasizing Franklin's work as a printer and country town publisher and showing the qualities and experiences that led to his eminence in his field. The President announced a new committee, the Committee on Sociability to make the members of the Association feel at home. Two subjects were discussed: "What Shall We Do to Increase the Efficiency of Our Organization," and "How to Buy Stock." The President gave his address on the second day. The subject first scheduled was "The Country Press and the Appliances and Improvements in Machinery in Connection Therewith." Thomas Rees of the Springfield State Register a member of the committee on this matter spoke of the necessary mechanical equipment of the country editor. He stated that the new typesetting machines were then too expensive for the country office, but would undoubtedly be available in a short time. In comparing the past and the present (1894) he read a paper by Carl H. Uhler, of Charleston, on "Improvements in Appliances and Machinery in Country Printing Offices." A memorial service was held: Clinton Rosette of the DeKalb Chronicle read a paper on the late George M. Tatham, editor of the Greenville Advocate, and former Treasurer of the Illinois Press Association; J. W. Clinton read a paper on the late Granville Morris, editor of the Rochelle Herald; and E. A. Snively presented an appre- ciation of the life of the late Mrs. Myra Bradwell, of the Chicago Legal News. Speaking of Mrs. Bradwell, Snively said in part: Illinois Newspaper Diiuc roRY and History A Tribute to Mrs. Bradwell "In 1868 she established the Chicago Legal News, a weekly publication for the benefit of lawyers. While practical newspaper men and prominent lawyers were alike certain of its failure, she was sure it would be a success. And here again came into full play those wonderful powers of mind which characterized her. Her marvelous foresight had pointed out all the difficulties in the way and told her how to surmount them. As a result, the paper was a success from the start, and the end of its first volume had not been reached until it was recognized in every state and territory as being one of the best legal journals in the United States. No paper ever had a more critical list of subscribers, and no paper has more steadily maintained its influence. Her strong personality was stamped upon every page, and the genius of her management was self-evident in every issue. Unkind, unjust criticism and censorious fault-finding found no place in its columns; the paper was intended as a means of inter-communica- tion between the bench, the bar and the people, and its columns were never given over to personal abuse or used as a means of venting petty spite. She had a full realization of her responsibility as an editor, and was guided in her conduct by a sense of duty that leaves a lesson which we may all follow with profit. "It was as editor of the Legal Xews that she became a member of the Illinois Press Association, b;ing the fir\t fi male member. It is as a member of this Association that we all knew her. In no circle of her life did she possess warmer or truer friends. In all the years of her membership no one ever heard a harsh or unkind word fall frcm her lips. She loved to meet the members of the Association — she had a kindly greeting for all, and never failed to perform any kindly act when opportunity offered. To her, our Association was a miniature household, and she knew that here she was among loyal and true friends. "Our meetings were eagerly awaited and were over all too soon. Her work was along a different line from that of nearly every other member, yet her keen knowledge of business enabled her to give many words of counsel. But words of counsel and encouragement were not the only things that made her a most welcome guest. Said the wife of our president to me on yesterday: " 'Mrs. Bradwell was the first lady in the Association to take me by the hand and bid me welcome,' Many others can say the same. Her genial disposition controlled her always at our meetings, and it was pleasure to her to aid in any way to add to the enjovment of the members. "In 1871 she delivered the annual poem before the Association, and in 1872, 1874, 1875 and 1877 was Vice President, and in 1889 was one of our delegates to the National Editorial Association at Detroit." A paper by an anonymous author, an expert on the paper business, was read by \V. R. Jewell of the Danville News on "How to Buy Stock." \\". \\". Lowis of the Greenville Advocate of the committee on this question called attention to certain points for discussion: The character and standing of paper houses; job lots; does it pay to buy them; good work; good stock; fine ink. On motion the subjects were passed without discussion. The annual address was delivered by General Smith D. Atkins of the Freeport Journal. ]. \\". Clinton of the Polo Press read a paper on "Benefits of County Organization," which is quoted in full: 129 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Clinton On County Organizations "In these days of unions, of trusts, of syndicates, of corporations and combines of all sorts it ought to be apparent, it is as apparent as I can hope to make it to the intelligent newspaper man, that he and his profession can be no exception to the law under which society is organized. Fierce competition has forced rivals in every other calling and profession to recognize the necessity for organization. Editors are quick to see and ready to announce the importance of organization everywhere except in their own profession. Here, too often, the editor decides to make his fight alone, and though he 'be a hero in the strife' the fruits of his victories are likely to be delayed until he has entered the better land. Already the city editor has lost his identity and has become simply an interchangeable cog in the wheel of the great financial combine which compels him to grind out impersonal editorials to the order of the counting room. And the unorganized and warring country editors, each fighting for himself alone, soon finds himself worsted in contest with the thoroughly organized clique of county politicians who mass their forces and gain their ends by keeping the editors jealous of and at war with each other thus destroying their influence and making them the laughing stock of sensible men in the other professions. "Every trade, calling or profession has its laws for admission to full membership. The darky who whitewashed a dead wall must belong to 'de union.' Every other profession guards the gateways to membership, has its schools and its recognized stan- dards; the veterinarian before he may prescribe for a sick cat, the dentist before he may crush a tooth, the druggist before he may sell a box of pills or a dose of catnip, the physician before he may prescribe sulphur for scabbies, the attorney before he may charge a big fee for a transparent lie to a jury, the school ma'am before she may impart the mysteries of the alphabet, the clergyman before he reaches the state of infallibility — each and every one must attain to the prescribed standard fixed by his fellows and enacted into law. No such protection bars the open gate to the journalistic paradise, but above gleams an ignis fatmts flame ever luring on to fame or failure, the dead beats, cranks and fools of all other callings and professions who enter unquestioned except by associations like this, to occupy the editorial tripod, the only other guardians of the profession being the fool killer and the law of the survival of the toughest and the fittest. "As to the benefits which may arise from county organization it may be said: As county lines, largely, mark the bound of common interests so these are the natural boundary lines for primary organization so necessary to curb the tendency manifested, especially by new beginners, to enter into a suicidal competition. City and town organi- zations are good where possible but even then a county organization is a necessity as an umpire between rivals in the same town. Some of the tasks which may be attempted early in the history of a county organization are the cultivation of a fraternal spirit such as marks the personal intercourse of members of the legal and other professions. The development of enough professional pride ought to stop the bitter personal attacks upon rivalry. A county organization ought to be able to agree upon a fair and equitable rate for all legal advertising, and for party work. To enforce the law requiring the publication of township officers' reports — and to fix a just and equitable rate for such work as well as for the publication of announcements of county and township officers; for publication of official tickets, for printing election tickets, for publishing proceedings of supervisors and city councils, and to prevent competitive bidding, for tax lists, etc. "Unlike district and state associations which meet only at long intervals the county association with a live set of officers can keep in constant communication and meet 130 Illinois Newspaper l)nu< roRi and History frequently and on short notice. These associations make each member in a c;rtain sense the guardian of the rights and privileges of all the members. The meetings afford an opportunity for the exercise among the members of friendly courtesies which seldom occur otherwise. "Fourteen years' observation of our own county organization shows me that such organizations are of slow growth and need the encouragement of the state organization which in time is sure to receive help and strength from the county organization in return. And when it is remembered that for most of the work enumerated above the publishers are today indebted to the state association, the argument for organization may be more apparent to those who measure all success by a financial standard. This reminds me of an incident in the history of the Ogle county association which illustrates the need of both county and state organization. At the next session of the legislature after its passage, there was a great cry raised for the repeal of the law requiring town- ship officers to publish annual reports. It was charged that the law was robbing the school fund of enormous sums, and one member professed to have the figures to prove his assertions, and Ogle county was the scene of one of these devastating raids. Had there been no state or county organization to meet these statements the law would have been repealed, but the Illinois Press Association had a representative of its interests on the ground and he wrote to Ogle for the facts and figures. Ogle county was organized and the needed information to disprove the charges was easily obtained and forwarded, and the law was not repealed. "You are to listen to a paper Friday morning, 'Should the Laws Be Published in the Newspapers?' That paper may prove beyond a doubt that the laws of Illinois should be so published, but that will be all the good it will ever do you unless the publishers favor such a bill and are organized for its support. If the solons at Spring- field see the editors of the state back of any bill in a solid column they will listen to a single editor's voice on the floor or in the lobby but not otherwise. "Today every one except perhaps a few crooked politicians in office who do not like to show up their stewardship of public funds, favors the publication of township officers' reports. Organized effort secured that law but it could not secure a law com- pelling county officers to publish an annual report of their receipts and expenditures because it was not strong enough; the county official rings were better organized than the editors and they would not permit it. If there were strong county organizations to appeal to, editors might expect their interests when identical with those of the people, would be considered at the county seats and at Springfield. An editor may know of wrongs, abuses or excesses which ought to be exposed and righted but which he cannot hope to check or overthrow single handed, while his neighbors look on with jealous indifference or treat his attacks with silent contempt. A county organization ought to afford an opportunity to organize at such times for the protection of the people. "Never before had the country editor the power with the masses he holds today. He is not now, usually, a politician for revenue only. His opinion cannot be bought, or if it can, it soon ceases to be worth the buying. There is now open to the wise, progressive, conscientious, country editor an opportunity to fill the place of guardian to the people's interests such as has never before been offered. The masses are educated up to the point at which they become readers of the local papers as they were not twenty years ago. The merchant has learned that his interests are bound up with the success of the local paper. The editor is no longer a county officer or a ring politician nor is he the helpless tool of the lawyer or politician scheming for political preferment by the use of the newspaper which he holds under a chattel mortgage. The country newspaper today is a legitimate business enterprise, managed for the public good and 131 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History the financial interests of its editor and publisher. If he recognizes his responsibilities, stands up manfully for his rights and takes a broad and generous view of his field — broad enough and generous enough to recognize the rights of his neighbor editor — if he shall do this there will be need of no further argument to convince him that he ought to unite and advise with his co-workers in his county, district and state associations." At a later session General Smith D. Atkins of the Freeport Journal spoke on the same subject as follows: "I listened with a great deal of pleasure to the paper read by Mr. Clinton. I believe in organizations. I believe in getting editors together. I have had some interest in getting republican editors together in an organization. I do not know of any county in the state that has as good an organization of editors as Ogle county, but they have fifteen editors in Ogle county, and they were scattered prettv well over the county. Some two or three years ago they organized a local editorial association there. They have three or four meetings a year in the county, and have accomplished a great deal by it. They had a hand in enforcing the law in regard to the reports of the town officers being published in Ogle county. Some did, and some didn't publish their reports. Some of the officers didn't think they were compelled to publish their reports under the law. The state's attorney sent out a circular to every officer saying that if they did not publish their reports he would prosecute them. If you can organize a county organiza- tion including all the papers in the county, there are a great many ways in which you can benefit one another. You attend to your business affairs and have your social affairs, as does the legal profession. You get two lawyers in the court room in the afternoon, and they will roast each other like forty. In the evening you will find them at the club having a good time together. We ought not to let anything interfere between us either, and these county organizations will have the tendency to overcome that. I am confident that if we could get all the bona fide editors of the state into this association that a great deal of good could be done; we could accomplish more than if only a portion of the editors belonged. I hope that when all the members go home, if there is a sufficient number of editors in their county, that they will go to work and organize a county association." E. B. Fletcher of the Joliet Republic and Sun said: "I do not know that I have anything to add to what has been stated by Mr. Clinton in his paper and the remarks of General Atkins, only that I am decidedly in favor of organizing, and for a number of years there has been more or less said by the members of the Association regarding the matter of organizing and looking to county organi- zations and that of the state and national. The matter was talked over long before the organization of the national association, and those of us who have been for a number of years members of the state organization know of the benefits derived from that organization; and that being the case, it occurred to me if we organize in counties, the benefit would be more direct than ever we are now deriving from the state asso- ciation. I take it that the majority of the counties of Illinois have within their boundaries a sufficient number of county newspapers to justify them in organizing county organizations. As General Atkins has intimated, outside of the benefits in business to be derived from county organizations, is the fact that the newspapers in the county get acquainted. In some counties, where they have no organizations, they have a standing fire at each other, never ask to talk over points, and avoid each other; they don't rub up against each other, and don't know each other. In our county organizations we may be better able to control prices. In counties that have no organization, every fellow is trying to get the best of the other fellows. There Illinois Newspaper Directory and History is no unity to give any harmony whatever. In any county containing from ten to fifteen papers, you could have an organization. In Will and Ogle counties, these news- paper men come together and consult with each other as the editors in Chicago do. I know Chicago publishers have a meeting once a month, and I don't know but oftener, and confer in regard to not only the help on the paper, but the matter of prices and the circulation of each is known one to the other, and what can be accomplished. We might derive very good results, and fewer of us would be looking towards the poor house than now. I think some action should be taken by the Association in the organiza- tion of county associations. Last year the Secretary of the Association, and Mr. Scott thought over this matter and thought they would go out and make a tour of the counties and endeavor to organize in this way. I believe it would be better for some man to go out from this Association as an organizer, and go into every county in the state and bring every paper into the county organization, and then into the state organization, then we would have less trouble in getting the libel law amended when we went into it at Springfield. Some one could be appointed to look after the work. I think it is a matter that this Association should take in hand to look to the organiza- tion of every county in the state into a local organization; and from that to the state organization and from the state organization to the national organization." W. W. Lowis of the Greenville Advocate said: "I believe I am on record as opposing other editorial associations, outside of the Illinois State Press Association. If I recollect rightly, the matter of securing the com- bination of the Southern Press Association, the Military Tract Association and other Editorial and Printer's Association in the state, outside of this, was talked over. The matter came up at one time to combine all of them and secure one grand organization in the state. At one time, I think it was at Litchfield, we delegated a committee of three to visit the Southern Press Association and ask them to send representatives for that purpose, but since listening to the paper of Brother Clinton I am convinced I was in error, at least when he said that in that organization but two members out of fifteen previously belonged to this association, and that now ten out of fifteen had joined this association. It appears to me that we had an erroneous idea; therefore I am heartily in sympathy with the movement on foot to secure county organization, for I believe that the social features of the county organization are far ahead of the financial features. I can readily understand that where there are but two papers at the county seat and perhaps two others struggling for existence on the outside, that you could not make prices either in job work nor for advertising, but you could do this in the matter of local advertising, especially in the matter of printing reports of the county treasurers. We could have that understanding. I believe we could live up to that, in fact the law stipulates what we should receive. Anything of that feature we could do in harmony; but when you come to talk of harmony on job advertising and to make a rate on that, I generally find that the outside little fellow does more advertising for the same money than the big fellow, and it is pretty hard to arrange a scale of rates, but the social feature especially, I think, is very beneficial to all editors. Mr. Clinton has outlined pretty well what they do in Ogle county. As Gen. Atkins has stated, that county is .\n exception. There are few counties that have eighteen papers, very few having over seven or ten. Speaking of my own little county, Bond, of which I have recently become a resident, it would be probably useless for us to organize, as there are only four, two of us at the county seat. We have our prices, we have made a scale of rates for job work and advertising. He has exactly what rate I have, and I have exactly what he has. A man comes in and says, 'I want to advertise in your paper, I suppose I will get it at the same rates as the other man.' I say, 'Yes, sir, we have the same card'; but that state of 133 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History affairs does not exist all through. I think, as Brother Fletcher says, we could well afford to have some arrangement made, if it does cost us a little, and get the counties organized and advise them to join the state association." The President entered the discussion: "Any one else any remarks to offer on the subject? I think there are only nine counties organized. I will say that in DeKalb county, we have ten newspapers, and for a good many years Mr. Castle and myself were the only ones represented here. After that Brother Ray came in. Two years ago we formed a county organization. Now seven of the ten members of this organization, and one of the three left, came in this time. The matter was up for discussion several times before the excutive committee. It was quit an expense, and we did not feel that we were justified in taking it up as a regular business. We took it up as an experiment, it took some little time; some of its effects were apparent yesterday, some will be tomorrow. Nothing like the money received into the association was spent for that. Before we go out of this meeting, we would like to know what the association thinks of the matter, and whether it would be well to have some specially appointed committee, scattered throughout the length and breadth of the state, to conduct this business, and whose business it is to conduct a campaign. Limit them if you please, so that at the next meeting that committee can report to you and have the association judge whether it has paid to do it. If the associa- tion believes the results justify the act, then another year push it a little further. This association has only about 5 per cent of the county editors on its roll. We have less than 5 per cent of the city. This association should have an understanding on this subject and it will be all right." Mr. T. F. Haller of the Forreston Herald remarked on the same subject: "There is one thing that Mr. Clinton did not bring out in his paper. There were at least four editors in our county who were publishing the notices, township treasurer notices, and the school treasurer notices, for about one-half what the law allowed. I had them agree to not take them for any less price than the law allowed. That gave a fair division of the business. There was one of my brothers got up a scheme whereby he was to publish these things in pamphlet form for each township; we consulted the state's attorney, and he decided that that did not come within the law. If it had not been for our association it would have been passed by and nothing come of it. In the county where he resides, the people of that township said, 'don't you publish your school treas- urer reports and your township reports, and we will stand by and see that it costs you nothing'; we sent them word we were willing to fight it. As to this combination, I do not believe there is anything in that, because we simply prevent those fellows, or the new ones in the business, from coming in and cutting prices. When you come to ask a fair price for anything I do not believe you have to fortify your conscience or anything of the kind. I think you will find that in Ogle county where we have had the greatest benefits of any county in the State of Illinois, that we have not asked exorbitant prices for anything." Continuing the discussion of county organizations C. M. Tinney of the Virginia Gazette had the following to say: "I think these county organizations would be an excellent thing. It just occurred to me, that we might accomplish a great deal of good. We have in our county, a little county, seven papers. Three of the papers are represented in this association. Now if I were to go home and speak to them about forming a county organization, they would not listen to the proposition, none of them, but we have now two members from our county represented here, and they are the most enthusiastic men for county organization that you ever saw. I suggest this idea, and it is a pretty good one. You get a man, an editor 134 Illinois Ni wsiwpi k Directory and History lit the county newspaper, into this Illinois Press Association, have him attend one or two meetings and he soon becomes a convert to the idea of county organization. In other words, 1 think this association can do better work by sending out in the counties a missionary to secure members for this organization. You get a man into this organiza- tion once, and he takes a very different view of his relation due his fellow publishers than he ever did before. That has been my experience with every new member, once you get your man into the Illinois State Press Association, and you will have no difficulty in this state. If you take Ogle county, all those fellows were brought into this association after the county organization was effected. If I could get one more man from our county into this association, there would be no practical difficulty in organizing a county organization, and organizing it strong. Send a man out from this organization, asking them to join; they come to the meetings, listen to what we have to say and they feel friendly. If there is to be any missionary work done it strikes me it should be done for this association primarily. Gen. Atkins' address is practicable. You get men to join the Illinois Press Association, it makes better men of them; it makes better newspaper men of them, and they understand their relation and duties much better. I think our duty is to increase this organization first. I say send a missionary out into every congressional district in the state. You will have to make a judicious selection of the people you send; it is always the other fellow who will not come in. Every member of the Illinois Press Association is in favor of county organization." The editor of the Carmi Courier, Mr. Charles P. Berry, said: "I am a new member, and have been much interested in Brother Tinney's remarks. I would almost be willing to be a missionary myself. I think we should get members into this association first and then organize into county organizations. In my county we have seven papers. There is a question that suggests itself in reference to what this brother said here; that is I can understand how the power and sentiment controls this large state organization, but in county organization how can you control certain mem- bers? Suppose a man withdraws from the county organization; he takes this local advertising at half price; he gets his job work; there is no power in the county organiza- tion by which you can control that. Of course, you can control it here, but I would like to hear how you manage it in the county organization." The President of the association replied: "When we organized the county association in DeKalb county, there were but four of the members of that association that were members of this association. In two years there were seven of the members of the county organization that became members of this association. That convinced us that the proper place to start was in the county organization." Mr. F. E. Pinkerton of the Rantoul Press reported as follows: "There are fifteen papers in Champaign county, and only two are members of this association. We have got in this association some of the brightest minds in this state. I believe if those at the county seat would take an interest and would make an effort they could draw in, as the President says, from the outlying towns all the newspapers in the county. We need not combine. There is necessity for combination in prices. When you agree to destroy competition, you produce combination. We say we do not want to combine, we want a good living price. Suppose one man says, 'I am going to publish so and so for twenty-five cents.' You say, 'All right, if you do that, we will do the same,' but if you think you are going to make money by it you are mistaken. I believe if we form county organizations, we must get every member into this associa- tion. It is not what they could do in the county, the question here is, how can you get Illinois Newspaper Directory and History them in here. This association wants members from every county in the state. To get them you must go into their homes. We can go there; they would not come here." Mr. E. B. Fletcher of the Joliet Republic and Sun remarked: "In 1878, or about that time, the State Association had practically gone out of existence. I remember a meeting that was held at the Tremont Hotel, to see what would become of it, whether we let it drop or not. There was no regular meeting of the asso- ciation. It was decided to pull ourselves together and get to work. Today, this organiza- tion is one of the strongest organizations in the United States. It has been the custom of this association to send out circulars asking editors to join. I believe that the Secre- tary has sent out circulars every year asking men to come in. I think that Clinton Rosette can go into some other county and talk more forcibly than he could in his own county; that is the way with us all; we could go and tell them that it is all right; that it brings newspaper men together and organizes them in a county organization, and then bring them into this organization. We ought to have over two-thirds of the editorial fraternity of this state. It cannot be done by the work of the Secretary alone. Those who have come in here I expect have been receiving circulars for the last fifteen years." The Honorable A. F. Hatch gave an address on "Law of Libel," explaining the grievance of the press of Illinois that no provision was made for retraction or correction, but justice was put in the courts and no opportunity was given a paper to justify itself. A proposed amendment to the law of libel would amend the practice of the courts. The judge said, "I think one of the most important points to be contended for, is that where the defendant may not wish to assume the responsibility of pleading a justifica- tion, but is willing to do everything in his power to correct a wrong, he should be permitted to show all extenuating circumstances under the general issue." W. L. Eaton of the Rockford Register-Gazette offered a resolution that the matter of legislation on libel be referred to the legislative committee and said committee be directed to present the question to the National Editorial Association, with a view of securing such congressional legislation as might be deemed best for the press of the country. Mr. Eaton spoke of the danger to the press as a result of the way in which prosecution in libel cases could be brought in the Federal Courts, which were not subject to the laws of this state. He said, too, that the amendment suggested by Judge Hatch would greatly lessen the libel suit danger. E. A. Snively of the legislative committee spoke of the further disadvantage of the press in the legal costs of a suit, and stated that the proposals of Judge Hatch would be of great benefit. A committee from the State Republican Association was present and the President called on them for remarks on the subject. John R. Marshall, Yorkville Record; R. W. Coon, Waukegan Gazette; and C. E. Snively, Canton Register, told of their own experi- ences with the unfair law of libel. J. M. Page of the Jerseyville Democrat said that if anything was to be done every member of the association should see his member of the Legislature before and after the election. C. E. Snively, Canton Register, opened a discussion on "The Daily — How to Make It Pay in Cities of Less Than Ten Thousand." There was some discussion and James H. Cox, Litchfield Daily News, presented his paper on "How to Make a Daily Newspaper Pay in Towns of Less Than 10,000 Inhabitants." Thomas Diller, Sterling Standard, who had just started a daily was asked to give some pointers. The Committee on President's Address made the following report: "We, the Committee to whom was referred the President's address, would recom- mend: "First: That in arranging for future meetings o f the association the Executive 136 Illinois Newspaper Directory and Hisiom Committee be empowered to expend such sums as they may see fit for the entertainment of the ladies of the members of the association at such meeting. "Second: That in locating the future places of meeting and in arranging for the program that the association should be independent and ask nothing of the public but respect and courteous treatment, and to that end all expenses incurred should be borne by the association. "Third: That a committee be appointed of the most experienced members of this association to obtain the opinion of the members and visitors as to the best plan of secur- ing a larger number of the newspaper men of this state as members of this association, and that said committee report at this meeting. "fourth: That it be made the especial duty of the president of this association on the death of any member to write at once an official letter to the family. "Fifth: That a committee be appointed to keep in touch with the improvements made in typesetting and printing machinery, and that said committee report at our next meeting. "Sixth: That we recognize the value of county organization, and that a com- mittee be appointed to formulate a plan that will advance the best interests of this association by aiding in the forming and encouraging county organization. "Seventh: That we recognize the valuable aid rendered to the members of this association by the several trade journals; and that we would suggest that these journals give more detailed news regarding matters pertaining to the same, and that they be liberally supported by subscriptions from our members. "Eighth: That Article XI of the By-laws provides that no person who has not been a member of this association for at least two years can accompany any excursions given by it; that we regard this as an unjust discrimination, and would recommend that every application for membership be closely scanned by the committee on membership and that Article XI entire be repealed. "Ninth: That we recommend that an auditing committee consisting of three be elected each year whose duty it shall be to audit all bills against the association, also to examine and audit the books of the Treasurer for the past year and make report on same is early as practicable at each annual meeting. "Tenth: That we recommend that the Treasurer give a good and sufficient bond to be approved by the Executive Committee; and that he shall only be eligible for one re-election. Respectfully submitted, L. A. McLean, J. K. LeBaron, C. C. Marquis." The next topic was "An Ideal Country Weekly," and the first paper, on "How It Should Appear," was presented by L. A. McLean, Urbana Herald. Papers on the same subject were read by M. F. Walsh, Harvard Herald; W. M. Goudy, Fairfield Press; F. O. VanGalder, True Republican, Sycamore; Charles C. Chain, Bushnell Democrat; Victor H. Haven, Greenfield Argus; Horace Crihrield, Atlanta Argus; J. M. Bush, Pittsfield Democrat; and L. F. Tiomley, Shawneetown News. "What An Ideal Weekly- Should Contain" was then discussed by Mrs. H. L. Taylor, Wenona Index; Mrs. J. J. Penny, Murphysboro Independent; M. B. Castle, Sandwich Argus; Richard Butler, Clinton Public; Will Curtis, Kewanee Star; Inez Kennedy, Dixon Sun; W. R. Jewell, Danville News; Mrs. H. N. Patterson, Oquawka Spectator, and J. W. Bailey, Princeton Republican. Mrs. H. N. Patterson, Oquawka Spectator, in commenting on "What the Ideal Country Paper Should Contain" said in part: "The following gem I clipped from an exchange: 'The cerebromucus vacuum which serves Andy Anderson as a cold storage room for putrefying thinklets is incapable of comprehending the thoughts which crowd the mind of the scholar who has just com- 137 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History pleted a three days' course in a kindergarten, and the clam which does duty in his breast for a heart is too cold and slobbery to entertain even the faintest feeling of a Christian gentleman.' The place to cast such a pearl as that is before swine. An intelligent, reading public has no use for it; nor, indeed, is the public more than slightly concerned in personal quarrels of any sort that may heave the editorial bosom. One person, the mother, of whose very being we are a part, will never cease to be moved by anything that stirs her child, but expect it of no one else. Recount a tale of woe to thine own familiar friend and at the first pause, he will break in with a harrowing account of his own grievances — having already forgotten yours. There will be no personal quarrels carried on in the editorial columns of our ideal paper, because they are first, impracticable and second, brutal. The squib quoted concerning one Andy Anderson may have caused him but little annoyance, while it may have made a mother, wife or daughter writhe in torment. A crushed finger racks the body with pain. Our interests and our lives are so interwoven and joined with others that the result of a blow in one quarter may be keenest pain in another. It is well to remember when the personal character of anyone is assailed through the press, that every member of that one's home is attacked also. A brutal blow in a woman's face is preferable to the pen thrust which would pierce her heart. "In brief, some of the characteristics of ideal editorial columns are, complete cor- respondence with environments, a clear, clean, concise rendition of current events, a marked individuality, independence of thought and action, and freedom from bitter, vindictive, personal journalism." J. W. Bailey, Princeton Republican, had the following to say on the ideal weekly: J. W. Bailey on the Ideal Weekly in 1894 "During an active newspaper life of over fifty years, forty-six of which have been in the harness as reporter and editor, over thirty-five in the latter capacity, it has been my practice to give full sweep to all home affairs of general interest; following this with district, state, and national topics, as they develop from time to time. All of these points should be carefully and thoughtfully covered, in a lively and conversa- tional way, and in as brief a space as possible compatible with intelligent review. These are the first elements of success: First, a lively local department. Second, a good edi- torial department. Third, a selection for the youth, for the humorous, for the thought- ful, for the religious, for the Sunday school, for the farmer, for the industries, and words of wisdom and sentiment. All of this means work, but no man who is 'constitu- tionally tired' should ever engage in the newspaper business, for the community can better afford to keep him at the county infirmary. Every well-regulated newspaper will have not only a good local department, but a thorough system of country correspondence from every town or township in the county. With all of these specialties properly looked after, the circulation of a paper will take care of itself in a very short time. "The proper conduct of the editorial department of the country newspaper is a theme concerning which men will differ as much as they do in politics, when you come to enter the domain of details. Thirty years ago there were about 170 weekly newspapers published in Illinois outside of Cook county; at the beginning of this year the number had increased to 940. In early times but little attention was given to the editorial department in a country newspaper; but with the growth in numbers, it has been taken into consideration, and it is in no boastful spirit that we say, many such departments in ability, if not in quantity, will compare favorably with papers of much greater pretensions. I am speaking now of the country newspapers, you understand, whose busi- Illinois Newspaper Dikicioky and History ness warrants the undivided attention in that department of the editor or proprietor, and whose local department shares the same careful industry on the part of at least one local writer. In almost every county in Illinois there are papers of this character, and they are not all confined to the number fortunately located at the 'county seat.' There are more people, and they are greater readers than they were thirty years ago, for it is a fact that in addition to the non-partisan village paper, and usually two or more political capers published at the county seat, there are few farmers who do not read one or more of the great daily papers. This self-evident fact, I take it, leads men to do more of their own thinking, and may be taken as a hopeful sign of the times in the interest of worthy country newspapers in the present era. "An experience of forty-six years as a newspaper writer, forty years of which time I have been engaged in conducting a country newspaper, leads me to believe that every newspaper of the class I have referred to should not only have an opinion on all leading public questions of the day, but in an honest and pleasant way present the reasons for the positions taken. The interests of the city should be fully mentioned, of course in the local department, but the more important features may always be treated with profit in the editorial department, if presented in a kindly spirit. The only exception to this rule lies in the discussion of some flagrant trespass against the moral or civil codes of the state. Even then, it is better to treat the subject demanding public consideration with a vein of regret or sorrow, than to multiply bitter and oftimes harmful words. During the dark days of the late unpleasantness between the North and the South, I sometimes excused my treatment of matters with the consoling theory that a dangerous disease needed a heroic remedy, so far as it was in my power to apply. I have changed my views some concerning such methods of treatment since then; and I want to say right here that the meetings of the Illinois Press Association, as opportunity has favored me the privilege of gathering with the brethren from year to year, have had much to do with affecting this change. As members of this association, we have learned that we can differ in politics as well as religion, and still be friends — members of one great American family, having a common interest in union and liberty, one and inseparable, now and forever. "So, I am glad that I had something to do with promoting the first meeting and organization of this worthy and growing Illinois Press Association, in the city of Peoria, on the 22nd day of February, 1866; I am glad that this association has lived to the age of robust manhood, an honor to every Illinois editor who has stood by it through all these years, and a credit to its officers who have ever proven faithful and true; I am glad that this association has been helpful, as I believe it has, to every editor in Illinois; I am glad that it has taught the country editor the important fact that in union there is strength. Thus, in moving along the lines inspired by this association, I have noticed with pleasure that the progressive country newspaper always has a live editorial depart- ment, as well as a thorough local department; and at least one newsy correspondent in each township or village in the county. The public interest has come to demand this, and the interest of the paper demands it as well. This costs some money, care and watchful attention, because correspondents are not always a fixture in the locality which you may wish to have them serve. Then, if you find that by omission or commission any of your staff have been led into erroneous statements, correct them at the first opportunity, for it is manly to do unto your fellow man as you would have him do unto vou. The editorial profession calls for strict integrity, a high degree of charity, and the best type of American manhood, and, if we have the acquirements necessary for the proper discharge of the high duties involved, we may in this direction hope for 139 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History gratifying advancement as the years go by. One more gifted than I has enjoined upon us this monumental lesson: 'Dare to do right, dare to be true, For you have a work no other man can do.' " Continuing the subject of the ideal country weekly the matter of "How It Should Be Conducted" was taken up by E. E. Bartlett, Rockford Register-Gazette; F. E. Pinkerton, Rantoul Press; G. W. Cyrus, Camp Point Journal; Charles Bradshaw, Carroll- ton Patriot; Charles B. Meade, Geneva Republican; Terry Simmons, Marseilles Plain- dealer. "What It Should Cost" was conducted by E. M. Johnson, Pontiac Freetrader. "How to Make It Pay" was discussed by W. F. Eastman, Moline Dispatch; C. A. Stuck, Odell Gazette and Reporter; J. H. Hodder, Aurora Beacon; George Burt, Henry Republican; A. G. David, Carlinville; Arthur Holt, Kankakee Gazette; F. B. Mills, Lincoln Herald; and W. G. Covey, Sullivan News. Old members of the association present were invited to talk. Past-President E. H. Griggs gave the following discourse: "Mr. President, and members of the Illinois Press Association: I find it extremely hard to realize as I sat here and listened to your proceedings, that 28 years had elapsed since I attended the first meeting of the Illinois Press Association at Peoria. In the year 1 866, twenty-eight years ago, we got up there in the old hall and organized the Illinois Press Association, with a membership of about 2 00, and that is more than you have in this hall at present. As I look about here, I recognize but one face in this assembly that was present at that meeting. It is hard also to realize the length of time which has elapsed when I listen to your discussions and your papers. They carry me back or rather they would induce me to believe, that very little time had elapsed since we formed this association, for I hear the same complaints, same excellent speeches, same remedies for causes, that we had in our association at that meeting and subsequent meetings. I am here today in response to a kind invitation from your President, to remind you of the past, not as to the details of the publishing business, for I have had no connection with it now for a long time. I have always a warm place in my heart for the members of the profession. I am here as a sort of reminder of the past. The second meeting of thai association was held at the capital city of Springfield; at that time I was re-elected Secretary of the association. My assistant secretary, at the first convention, lost the minutes of the association, and he could not find them and they never were found. John W. Merritt, of the Illinois State Register, of Springfield, was the first President elected at Peoria. The third meeting of the association was in Jacksonville; at that con- vention I received the honor of election as President of the association. It was held on the 2 2nd of February, and a change was made in the by-laws of the association, by which our annual meetings were fixed in June. The next convention was held in the city of Rockford. I was engaged in newspaper business then. At the close of the con- vention, the first excursion of the State Press Association was taken. The convention in 1869 was held in Cairo. We had an excursion at that meeting. The next convention was held in Chicago, and the excursion was by the lakes. The next was held in the city of Rock Island, and the excursion was confined to the limits of our own city. I have not been in the publishing business since. As I look over this assembly the presence of the ladies reminds me of other faces. At that meeting the constitution and by-laws were so amended as to admit the ladies to membership. It was also at that time that we succeeded in persuading our railroads to give passes to the ladies to come to the convention with their husbands, and to participate in our excursions. I don't know as I can say anything that will be of special interest to you. I am very glad to meet with you and desire to express my thanks to your officers for calling upon me and introducing me to your Illinois Newspaper 1)iri< iorv and History members. I •-till retain a very friendl) feeling for the members of the profession. I have for the List four years been a member .it the State Legislature, and have been always ready to do anything iii my power to advance the interests of the editorial and publish- ing fraternity of the state. I thank you for your kindness." J. H. Kellogg said: "I was a member of this association in 1869, three years later than my friends Griggs and Stelle and Charles Holt. I attended the open meeting of the association whenever I could. Perhaps that meeting may not be well known to a good many of the younger members here, but the older members will recollect it. I was em- ployed at Springfield, but not as my friend Griggs here, as a member of the legislature. I was requested by the executive committee of the association to assist some in securing the passage of an act which is known as a bill requiring the treasurers and other men having money of the county, to publish notices or statements in the papers. Snivel)' and myself were the executive committee connected with that affair. We succeeded in getting the bill passed, but it was by such a close shave that it was not until twenty-four hours afterwards that the Speaker of the I louse declared the bill passed. We could get the bill through the Senate easily enough. The trouble was to get it through the House, for the reason that in the membership of the House, as it frequently occurs, there were those who had been members of the Board of Supervisors, and were opposed to anything like requiring the treasurer to publish notices, and making it cost the county so much. These men who had been members of the Board of Supervisors were hard to get to vote for it. We finally got the bill through the committee, and got it before the House. It required 77 votes to pass it. We failed the first time but got a re-consideration. It came up a second time, which was the final vote. Just as the vote was being taken. Snivel)' and 1 were standing one on one side of the house and the other on the other to see that no member slipped out without voting before the vote was called. We wanted to urge them in a friendly way to stand up anil vote for this bill like men. I had a friend in the 1 louse from Schuyler county, who had promised Snively and me both that he would vote for it. Well just as his name was called he stood up and voted; as he wasn't a very fine public speaker his voice was indistinct, and the clerk understood him to vote no, and I understood him to vote no. After voting he went out, he was only waiting for the bill to come up miJ to vote before he went. Well there were only 76 votes in favor of the bill. Snively's and my hearts dropped down as tar as they could. In the course of the afternoon, we hunted up this man ami he said he had voted aye. We told him the clerk had it he voted no. He promised he would get up and state before the House that he had voted aye. We told the Speaker about it and he said if that were true and the man would declare he had voted aye, he would declare the bill passed. The member from Schuyler did so and the Speaker said, 'I declare the bill passed.' I never learned until today that it had become inoperative. I declare to you that it is not right." Others who spoke were Mr. Stelle, Charles Holt, S. Y. Thornton, Charles Crandall, and J. W. Bailey. The President made the following remarks: "Some time ago our committee held a meeting and decided to do away with the formal banquets of the association. We decided to give these up and have an informal reception. We will have an informal reception here tonight, and there will be several hundred people with us. There will be some responses by members of the association, and by the Chicago Press Club. We base the Imperial Quartet of Chicago with us. and also a zither club." At the Thursday evening meeting Prof. John W. Cook spoke on "The Country Press, The Public Schools and Their Relation To Provincialism — A Lesson of the Fair." He asked, "Why is it not entirely practical for the rural press to effect some sort of organization by which university extension shall reach the farmer boy and girl?" Illinois Newspaper Directory and History The committee on "How to Increase the Efficiency of Our Organization," reported by G. A. Burgess, Monticello, was accepted. The recommendation follows: "Your committee to whom was referred the duty of presenting suggestions as to the manner of increasing the efficiency of our organization, beg leave to submit the following, the execution of which in detail, will in our opinion, aid materially in attaining the desired end: "First. The earnest labor of every member toward enforcing the publication of official reports and of the election ballots, as required by law. "Second. In gathering annual statistics concerning cost of production, prices, etc., including both job and newspaper departments, which the recent 'Symposium' has shown to be desirable. "Third. In naming one week in the year to be known as 'exchange week,' at which time each member will send his paper of that week to all members with whom he desires to exchange. We recommend the week following the annual meeting of the association. "Fourth. In conducting a department in one or more trade journals, which may offer free space, said department to contain official and other information of special interest to our membership. We recommend the secretary as the proper person to edit such department. Propositions toward this end have been received from National Printer Journalist and Inland Printer, which accompany this report. "Fifth. In encouraging and aiding the formation of county organizations. "Sixth. In making special effort to give to the youth, through our columns, more of the class of literature, especially historic literature, so essential to broader mental development, as recommended by President John W. Cook of the State Normal School, in his lecture of the night of February 22. "Seventh. By making favorable mention of the meetings of the association in our columns. "Eighth. By each member bringing to the annual meeting one copy of his paper to be placed upon a table, for mutual benefit. "Ninth. By having a query box to be opened at a given hour daily, for miscellaneous questions. "Your committee recommended the discussion of the above points in order, by two minute speeches by volunteers, or by members upon whom the chair may call. Respectfully submitted, Geo. W. Cyrus, G. A. Burgess, Chas. Bradshaw." World's Fair Problems in 1894 The report of the World's Fair committee was given by E. A. Snively and was accepted. "The majority of your committee, appointed at Litchfield to look after the interests of the association in connection with the World's Fair, desire to present a final report. Subsequent to the meeting at Rockford and before the opening of the fair, there were several times when the controlling officials seemed determined not to permit any editor to enter the fair grounds unless he had previously paid his fifty cents. On each public appearance of this disposition, Mr. Page went to Chicago, and after consulting with the officials, secured a renewal of the promises made to your committee prior to the meeting at Rockford. "As stated at the last meeting, the committee of the Illinois Board of World's Fair Commissioners, having the matter in charge, had at our request employed Mr. Page to take charge of the Press Department in the Illinois building. While 142 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History it is true that the headquarters were established by virtue of the request of your committee, yet when Mr. Page came to take charge they directed that he should make no discrimination in favor of the members of our association. While they regretted that every newspaper in the state was not a member of our association they insisted that they were acting for the entire state, and they had no right to use their official position in any way to the benefit of one editor and the prejudice of another. And, as Illinois was acting as host, whatever could be done for an Illinois editor should be done for any other, no matter what state or country he came from. The justness of their position must be admitted by everyone. If this was the only instance where newspaper men outside of our association had received full benefit of the association's work, we might reasonably complain. "Maj. Handy, in February and March, sent out a circular to every newspaper in the state asking the editor to send in three unmounted photographs of himself and also designate what times other members of his family would desire to visit the fair. As was stated by the chairman of your committee at Rockford, we were not to furnish photographs, but as that rule was made universal and applied to all at that time, and as it could not have been avoided only by litigation, it was thought best to submit. And nearly all those who complied with the requirements of the circular were furnished with passes during the fair. Soon after the fair was opened there was another change in management and another violation of the letter and spirit of our agreement with the Exposition authorities, and the order was made that only ten-day passes would be issued to the families of newspaper men. As soon as possible after the promulgation of this order, the chairman of your committee went to Chicago determined to enforce to the very letter the agreement made and reported at Rockford. But he found, first: That many mem- bers of our association were willing to keep on advertising the fair and pay their own way in as well as that of the members of their family. Second: A suit at law, while it would no doubt have been successful, would not have been finally deter- mined until long after the fair had closed. Under these circumstances it was thought best to send out a circular stating the facts to the members and urge them to attend the fair before still other changes might be made. At a subsequent period all passes to the members of an editor's family were cut off, but Mr. Page waited upon the otficers and reminded them of their agreement with our association, and the council of administration made a final order that the issuance of ten-day passes should be continued upon the request of Mr. Page. "Early in July, bv virtue of his position as secretary of the National Associa- tion, Mr. Page arranged with the great majority of the concessionaries in Midway for the admission of members of the press to the various places of interest therein. For over a month the members of the press who visited the fair were enabled to see the sights in Midway, which they had so lavishly advertised free, without paying money therefor. Those who were so fortunate as to attend the fair at that time were enabled to save considerable money as compared with those who visited it at other periods. "Your committee know that by virtue of their work, as the representatives of your association, the press headquarters were established and maintained in the Illinois building — Illinois being the only state that had special headquarters for the press. "The majority of your committee feel assured that had it not been for the personal efforts of Mr. Page the great majority of newspaper men would have been compelled to have paid for admission for their families. 143 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "This report is submitted by only two members of your committee because they desire to speak in the strongest terms possible of the energy, industry and unselfish work done by Mr. Page. He met every emergency with firmness, and while never in any way compromising either himself or the Illinois Press Associa- tion, he never faltered in his demand for an honest fulfillment of the pledges made the committee of your association. While as indicated, these were not fulfilled as they should have been, and while it is true that the officials could have been taken into court and there compelled to answer for their broken faith — yet such a course would have only caused the revocation of every editorial pass and a final decision would not have been reached until now. In this view, Mr. Page, in our opinion exhibited great discretion and managed your affairs in a most able manner. "Col. Geo. R. Davis and Maj. Moses P. Handy were ready and willing at all times to co-operate with us in every way, and each of them, at different times, aided Mr. Page to a great extent. "The work of the committee was not as fruitful in some ways as they had hoped, but this can be easily traced to the various changes made in the World's Fair management. Yet the press of Illinois fared a great deal better than the press of any other state — and had it not been for the steps taken by your association, the wives and children of Illinois editors would not have been admitted during the last three months of the fair only upon tickets purchased at the regular price. The members of this association dealt with the fair in a manner unparalleled for generosity. An average of two thousand dollars in advertising was given by each member and the average of admissions used did not exceed twenty-five dollars. The editorial contribution to patriotism was at least equal to that made by any other class. "In thanking the association for the honor conferred upon the committee in selecting us for the work we have performed to the best of our ability, we desire to say, that the experience in the World's Fair matter is only another illustration of the general idea that it is the duty of the press to give up its columns to the gratuitous promotion of all sorts of enterprises; and it teaches anew the lesson that every publisher should exact reasonable rates for every line in his paper that goes to the upbuilding of any business, and if he desires to make contributions let it be in the shape of ready money, and not in the way of advertising. — E. A. Snively, W. W. Lowis." The officers elected were: President, George W. Cyrus, Camp Point Journal; Vice Presidents, M. F. Walsh, Harvard Herald; M. W. Goudy, Fairfield Press; C. E. Snively, Canton Register; Secretary, Joseph M. Page, Jersey ville Democrat; Treasurer, C. M. Tinney, Virginia Gazette; Executive Committee, L. A. McLean. Urbana Herald; C. D. Tufts, Centralia Democrat; W. L. Eaton, Rockford Register-Gazette. The matter of incorporating the Illinois Press Association was discussed and re- ferred to the Executive committee. It was moved and carried that the Treasurer should give bond for $1500 to the Executive committee. Illinois \i» spaper Directory and History Chapter VI The Beginning of Linotype Days 1895 The Thirtieth Annual Session was held it the Lexington Hotel, Chicago, on Feb- ruary 12, 13, 14 and 15, 1895. President George W. Cyrus of the Camp Point Journal announced the first topic on the program, "Auxiliary Sheets and Advertising in the Same." E. E. Williamson, Griggsville Independent Press, read a paper on the subject. \\". M. Goudy, Fairfield Press, spoke on the same subject. There was some discussion of the matter. The President delivered his address. The report of the Committee on President's Address was as follows: "We, the committee, to whom was referred the President's Address, would recommend: "First: That a committee of one be selected in each congressional district to act under the direction of the President and Secretary in securing a larger member- ship of this association. "Second: That a summer outing held at a suitable northern resort during the season of 1895 would be of uncalculable benefit to every member of the associa- tion, and a committee be appointed at this meeting to make necessary arrangements therefor. "Third: That in the preparation of future programs the ladies of our associa- tion should be recognized, and a certain proportion of the time allotted them. "Fourth: That each delegate to the National Editorial Association shall be required to pay his proportion of the capitation tax at the time of election. "Fifth: A continuance of that policy of independence and dignity adopted bv the association in asking no favors of amusement managers, believing that this course will most surely win respect and courteous treatment to all. "Sixth: That an auditing committee of three be elected at this meeting whose duty it shall be to audit all bills against the association and to examine and audit annually the books of the Treasurer, and report the same to the association. In electing said committee we would recommend that their term of office be three years respectively, except for the ensuing year, when they shall be chosen for one, two and three years, the allotment to be determined by the members of the com- mittee as thev may agree. Respectfully submitted, M. F. Walsh, Chas. Bradshavs', J. N. Garver, R. D. Parker, J. C. Collson." "Newspaper Illustrations — Cost of Cuts, etc." was the next topic. The first speaker was L. A. McLean, Urbana Herald, on "Benefits and Cost"; n;xt were Charles Bradshaw, Carrollton Patriot, and Charles W. Warner, Hoopeston Chronicle, on "Cost of Cuts, etc." E. A. Snively read a paper on the late James M. Davidson, former editor of the Fulton Democrat and the Havana Post. A reception by the Illinois Woman's Press Association at the Auditorium Hotel was announced. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History The annual address, "The Newspaper of Tomorrow," was given by W. L. Eaton, Rockford Register-Gazette. The next topic taken up was "Co-operation in Buying," a paper read by J. N. Garver, Peoria Transcript. Van L. Hampton, Macomb By-Stander, read a paper oh "The Best Method of Securing and Holding Subscribers." James Lamont, Rockford Lever, spoke informally on the subject. "Rural Free Mail Delivery," was the topic of a paper read by John M. Stahl, Quincy Farmer's Call. He stated that the post office department was opposed to rural free mail delivery and pointed out the need of it. E. A. Snively reported his work as legislative committeeman in trying to get the libel law enacted that had been discussed in the last meeting. He had secured the co- operation of the publishers of Chicago and of a Chicago representative in the House to present the bill. Mr. Eaton read a paper by E. E. Bartktt, Rockford Register-Gazette, on "The Country Press and Improvements in Machinery and Appliances Connected Therewith." W. R. Jewell, Danville News, read a paper on "Street Car, Fence, and Other Fake Advertisements." The next topic was "Physicians and Their Relations to the Press." The first paper on the subject was read by E. P. Kimball, Virden Record; the second, by C. D. Tufts, Centralia Democrat. Charles W. Coughlin, Plainville Observer, read a paper on "The Semi-Weekly." There was some discussion and Irwin A. Ewing, Mon- mouth Review, read a paper on the same topic. "Preferred Positions and Reading Notices" was the title of a paper read by Walter Colyer, Albion Journal. The next topic was "Talks on Foreign Advertising," by D. M. Lord of the Advertising Agency of Lord and Thomas. Charles W. Bliss, Hillsboro News, spoke on "The Editor as a Candidate." Officers elected were President, C. D. Tufts, Centralia Democrat; Vice Presidents, W. L. Eaton, Rockford Register-Gazette; Arthur C. Bentley, Baylis Guide; T. A. Fritchey, Olney Republican; Secretary, J. M. Page, Jersey ville Democrat; Treasurer, C. M. Tinney, Virginia Gazette; Executive Committee, T. H. Stokes, Lincoln Times; E. M. Johnson, Free Trade Observer, Pontiac; J. J. Penny, Murphysboro Independent. On October 26, 1895, more than one hundred members of the Illinois Press Asso- ciation met in the Union Station at St. Louis for an excursion to Atlanta, Georgia. A dinner was given the association that evening by the American Type Founders Asso- ciation. A large delegation from the Missouri Press Association, which had just con- cluded its annual meeting at Pertle Springs, was also entertained on this occasion. President C. D. Tufts, Centralia Democrat, had charge of the accommodations, and at nine o'clock in the evening the special train of Pullmans left St. Louis. The route as far as Nashville lay over the Louisville & Nashville Railroad, thence to Chattanooga over the Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis, and to Atlanta over the Western & Atlantic. The train was stopped in Nashville Sunday morning so that the members might have breakfast there, and in Chattanooga that evening for "supper." On Monday morn- ing the party reached Atlanta and Association headquarters were established at the Alhambra Hotel. To quote from the account of the trip by R. T. Spencer, Illiopolis State Center: "We found Atlanta to be a lively, bustling city of nearly 100,000 population, and considering the fact that thirty years ago it was in ruins, with less than 10,000 inhabitants, most of whom were poverty stricken, it is indeed a remarkable place. Today it calls itself the 'Chicago of the South,' and claims with good reason to be one of the cleanest, best paved, best drained, best sewered, best lighted and best governed cities on the continent, if not in the world. 146 Ii i inois Newspaper Directory and History "The Cotton States and International Exposition, located on 200 acres of park ground north of Atlanta, provided an interesting attraction for the members. About two million dollars had been expended on the grounds exclusive of the build- ings and, according to Mr. Spencer: In all respects it compared favorably with the grand affair at Chicago [World's Fair] and in some particulars it was superior.' "After three days of sight-seeing the party started homewards. At Chatta- nooga they stopped and most of the party spent the night at the famous Lookout Inn on the top of Lookout Mountain. They visited the scene of Hooker's 'battle among the clouds,' and the battle field of Chickamauga, which had been made a national park. The following night a special sleeping car was placed on the track for the use of the members. A committee from the Nashville Chamber of Com- merce greeted them when they reached that city, and entertained them with a tour of the city. A few of the party drove to Monticello, in Virginia, the home of Jefferson; others paid a visit to Mammoth Cave, in Kentucky." 1896 The Thirty-First Annual Session of the Illinois Press Association was held at the Lexington Hotel, Chicago, on March 10, 11, 12 and 13, 1896. The first session was a meeting for informal discussion. At the Tuesday afternoon meeting the President, C. D. Tufts, Centralia Democrat, gave his address. J. Crawford Adams, Peotone Vedette, read a paper on "How to Obtain and Retain Circulation." H. N. Wheeler, Quincy Journal, made an appeal for reform directed against dishonest circulation statements of some publishers. The next topic, "The Country Daily, Does It Pay?" was taken up by W. F. Thompson, Roodhouse Herald, and by Clinton Rosette, DeKalb Chronicle. Mr. Rosette stated that in towns such as his a daily paper could be made to strengthen the weekly and if the estimate of earnings were based on both propositions the weekly could be made to pay. Owen Scott, Bloomington Leader, gave a talk on "What Should Consti- tute Second Class Matter?" The annual address was given by Owen Scott on "The Newspaper — What It Is Not, What It Is." The next topic was "Is a Long or a Short Campaign of Most Benefit to Newspapers?" George W. Cyrus, Camp Point Journal, spoke on the benefits of a short campaign, and A. C. Bentley, Pituheld Times, on the benefits of a long campaign. Papers by W. J. Roberts. Whitehall Register; H. A. David, Carlinville Democrat; and C. N. Walls, Taylorville Democrat, were read on "What Is the Best Motive Power for a Printing Office?" Oil, gasoline, water, and electric engines were discussed. A New York editor, Mr. Patteson of Newspaperdom, spoke briefly of the satis- factory use of kerosene engines. "Do Special Editions and Special Features Pay?" was the next topic and it was taken up by H. L. Taylor, Wenona Index; Charles E. Davidson, Greenville Sun; and George M. LeCrone, Effingham Democrat. Lon Sanders, President of the Sanders Engrav- ing Companv, St. Louis, read a paper on "Newspaper Illustration." Mrs. Clinton Rosette, DeKalb, read a paper on "Beauty Spots in England." E. A. Snively, Springfield, announced that he would make a gift to the Association of the pen used by Governor Altgeld in signing the libel bill. It was moved that the pen be kept by the secretary in the archives. Mr. Snively spoke on the desirability of adding to the criminal libel law of the state, the clause, "And malice shall not be presumed from the publication merely, but must be proved as in other criminal cases." In regard to trying to get this amendment 147 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History through the next legislature, Mr. Snively made this statement, "In my opinion the effort is all that can be made. I don't think you can get it enacted but it will have this effect, while we are crying for more, you will be a great deal less liable to have your present law interfered with. Some of the members of the Association have an idea that when we once get a law on the statute book that that is all there is to it. I don't think there will be any greater attempt to repeal any law on the statute book than there will be to repeal this libel law passed last year. In the first place, I don't know of a lawyer in the state that is in favor of it, although they came up and voted for it like gentlemen, and then tried to repeal it. Another thing is, the Legislature always meets after a very hot campaign, and men in the Legislature are the very ones we ought to let alone, and at the same time they are a very convenient football." A. L. Hereford, Mattoon Star, moved that a committee be appointed to draft some kind of bill before the next legislature to have the session laws published in every news- paper. The matter was referred to the Executive Committee with instructions to draft a bill in accordance with the idea of Mr. Hereford. The next topic, "How Much Editorial and How Much Local Should a Country Newspaper Contain?" was taken up by R. W. Coon, Waukegan Gazette, and by W. B. Davis, Mt. Sterling Democrat-Message. "Job Work" was considered under the heads, "What are Reasonable Prices?" by Morris Emmerson, Mt. Vernon Register, and "Best Method of Ascertaining Profits," by A. L. Hereford, Mattoon Star. "Is Co-operation in Business As An Association Practical?" was next taken up. The following discussed various phases of the problem: S. W. Kessinger, Litchfield Monitor, on "Does Co-operation Pay?"; R. D. Parker, Downer's Grove Reporter, on "Ready Prints"; R. C. Crihfield, Minier News, "In Buying Paper, Type, and Machinery"; E. E. Ellis, Cairo Telegram, "In the Purchase of Paper, Type, and Other Printing Material"; John M. Rapp, Fairfield Record, and Thomas Rees, Springfield Register, "In Securing Advertising." S. Y. Thornton, Canton Ledger, read a paper on "How Shall the Newspaper Deal With the Newspaper Directories?" The next topic was "What Should Constitute Second-Class Matter?" which was taken up by M. F. Walsh, Harvard Herald; L. A. McLean, Urbana Herald; and Lou Wessell, Jr., Arkansas Traveller, Chicago. R. A. Spencer, Illiopolis State Center, told of the Illinois Press Association trip to Atlanta the previous summer. Mr. McCauley addressed the Association upon the abuses of second-class matter. It was moved and carried that a committee comprising General Smith D. Atkins, Freeport Journal; Thomas Rees, Springfield State Register; and the Secretary, J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat, be appointed to consider the relation of the Association to pending changes in the postal law and that it be requested to prepare a report on the matter and advise members by circular. Mrs. John N. Onstott, Petersburg, recited the poem, "Hiawatha." Results of the election of officers were: President, C. M. Tinney, Virginia Gazette; Vice Presidents, F. W. Beck, Olney Times; G. W. Discus, Rochelle Register; S. W. Kessinger, Litchfield Monitor; Secretary, J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat; Treasurer, M. F. Walsh, Harvard Herald; Executive Committee, W. G. Eastman, Moline Dispatch; Charles Bradshaw, Carrollton Patriot; W. L. Eaton, Rockford Register-Gazette; Audit- ing Committee, John M. Rapp, Fairfield Record; A. L. Hereford, Mattoon Star; George C. Rankin, Monmouth Republican. Clinton Rosette, DeKalb Chronicle, moved that a committee be appointed to investigate the expense of a trip to Europe the following summer. A visitor, Mr. Ewing Herbert, of Kansas, was called on and responded briefly. 148 Il IINols NlWSPAPIR I > I R I t IORY AND HlSTORY Memorial papers were read in honor of the late James W. Scott of the Chicago Herald and former president of the Chicago Press Club and the American Newspaper Publishers' Association, by H. H. Kohlstaat, Chicago Times-Herald; the late William D. Perry of the Payson News, by George W. Cyrus of the Camp Point Journal; and the late Arreta M. Hawley, wife of the publisher of the Lockport Advertiser, by Mrs. H. L. Taylor of Wenona. 1897 The Thirty-Second Annual Session of the Illinois Press Association was held at the Lexington Hotel, Chicago, on the 20th of July, 1897. Committees on Credentials and Resolutions were appointed. Prior to the proposed trip to St. Clair Springs, Michigan, E. A. Snively explained that in view of the fact that the chief business of this meeting was the outing no program had been prepared. On motion of Mr. Snively the old officers were re-elected. They were: President, C. M. Tinney, Virginia Gazette; Vice Presidents, F. W. Beck, Olney Times; G. W. Discus, Rochelle Register; S. W. Kessinger, Litchfield Monitor; Secretary, J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat; Treasurer, M. F. Walsh, Harvard Herald; Executive Committee, W. G. Eastman. Moline Dispatch; Charles Bradshaw, Carrollton Patriot; W. L. Eaton, Rockford Register-Gazette. The ticket agents of the Grand Trunk Railway System and a representative of the Pullman Company made announcements concerning the trip from Chicago to Port Huron. At the afternoon session the committee on credentials reported all members present in good standing and the meeting then adjourned to convene Friday, July 23, in St. Clair Springs, Michigan. The Friday meeting was called in the Oakland Hotel, St. Clair Springs, and the routine business connected with membership and resolutions of thanks was transacted. Two meetings of the Executive Committee were held prior to this trip. The first was in Springfield in the spring of 1896 when it was decided that the annual meeting should be an outing. The committee met again in the Palmer House, Chicago, on June 17, 1897, and decided that the President and Secretary should go to the Oakland Hotel, St. Clair Springs, and arrange for an outing. It was decided also that no formal papers should be presented at the annual meeting but that it should be adjourned after the opening session. 189S The Thirty-Third Annual Session was held at Springfield on February 22, 23 and 24, 1898. The meeting was called to order in the Odd fellows Hall by President C. M. Tinney of the Virginia Gazette. The President gave his annual address. A paper by Willis Hawkins of the trade paper New York City Brains, was read on "General Advertising." A number of the members gave their experiences and opinions on the subject. The Secretary called for opinions on the Loud bill which would prohibit any circulation except to regular subscribers. It was moved that the Secretary, J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat; General Smith D. Atkins, Freeport Journal; and G. A. Burgess, Monticello Republican, be a committee to prepare a resolution in regard to the Loud bill and present it to the Association. The committee later reported and moved that the Association endorse the bill, which motion was carried. The annual address was given by W. R. Jewell, Danville News, on "Modern Jour- nalism." W. L. Eaton, Rockford Register-Gazette, read a paper on "Plates and Patents." 149 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Mrs. Frank S. Greenleaf, Savanna, discussed the "Relation of the Press to Women's Clubs." Mrs. Owen Scott, Bloomington, spoke on "The Kind of Local Paper I Desire in My Home," and Mrs. E. A. Snivel}', Springfield, on the "Development of the News- paper in the Victorian Era." Charles W. Bliss, Hillsboro News, gave an address on "George Washington" in honor of Washington's birthday. George R. Graybill, Shelbyville Democrat, read a paper on "Job Printing for Profit." Charles Boeschenstein, Edwardsville Intelligencer, discussed the same subject. L. A. McLean, Urbana Herald, asked the members to sign a paper to bring about the appointment of their former President, E. B. Fletcher, Sterling Standard, as a mem- ber of a bureau that prominent type founders were arranging to establish for the benefit of printers in the country, so that the printers might have their wants attended to promptly by coming to or writing to the bureau. The President gave a talk on "My Fad in Newspaper Work." Other members told of favorite features they had used in their papers. Charles P. Berry, Carmi Courier, gave an address on the rural free mail delivery service, which had been in operation a little more than a year. Charles Bradshaw, Carroll- ton Patriot, read a paper on "The Local Department of a Newspaper"; Hugh R. Moffett, Monmouth Review, a paper on "Getting the News"; Perry Hughes, Clinton Register, spoke on "Collecting Locals, How Many, What Kind?"; Charles C. Chain, Bushnell Democrat, on "What a Local Is, Where To Find It, Where To Put It"; Eugene L'Hote, Milford Herald, on "Booming a Town"; and Edgar A. Davies, Anna Talk, on "Soliciting Advertising." The officers elected were: President, Charles Boeschenstein, Edwardsville Intelli- gencer; Vice Presidents, G. W. Discus, Rochelle Register; J. M. Bush, Jr., Pittsfield Democrat; J. M. Rapp, Fairfield Record; Secretary, J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat; Treasurer, Charles B. Mead, Geneva Republican; Executive Committee, Gen. Smith D. Atkins, Freeport Journal; W. R. Jewell, Danville News; George R. Graybill, Shelbyville Democrat; Auditing Committee, John M. Rapp, Fairfield Record; Charles Bradshaw, Carrollton Patriot; J. N. Onstott, Petersburg Democrat. Memorial papers were read in honor of the late Charles Phelps Bascom of the Bureau County Republican, by P. N. Mason, Buda Plain Dealer; the late John W. Potter of the Rock Island Argus, by W. F. Eastman, Moline Dispatch; and the late Frank E. Clarke of the Grayville Independent, by Charles Berry, Carmi Courier. 1899 The Thirty-Fourth Annual Session of the Illinois Press Association was held in Chicago on February 8, 9 and 10, 1899. President Charles Boeschenstein, Edwardsville Intelligencer, called the meeting to order in the Lexington Hotel. The President in his address stressed matters of legislation. The Annual Address was given by Governor Matt Parrott, Waterloo, Iowa, on the subject "As to the Future." "An Intelligent Self Interest," was the subject of a paper by A. R. Van Skivor, Streator Free Press. At the suggestion of E. A. Snively, the President gave an informal talk on the semi-weekly. A discussion was held on the subject. "My Competitor," was the subject of a paper by John S. Abbott, Robinson Con- stitution. Questions cf miscellaneous nature were brought up and considered. S. T. C. Collins, Chicago Tribune, gave a talk about illustrations and cartoons. George W. Harper, Robinson Argus, read, a paper on "The Fools and the Hogs in the Newspaper Business." At the Thursday afternoon session a meeting of the veterans of the Association was held. E. H. Griggs, the first Secretary and second President of the Association, presided. HO Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Under the topic, "A Quarter of a Century in Harness," the following old members were called upon: Judge Bradwell, Chicago Legal News; General Smith D. Atkins, Freeport Journal; Paul Selby, Chicago; J. W. Clinton, Polo Press; B. F. Shaw, Dixon Telegram; Edwin Dyson, Rushville Times; F. B. Mills, Lincoln Herald; Thomas Rees, Springfield State Register; E. A. Snively, Springfield. A letter was read from "Uncle Charlie" Holt of Kankakee who was too feeble to attend. Charlie Holt Looks Back Kankakee, Feb. 6, '99 "To the Boys, Old and Young, and the Ladies of the Illinois Press Association: "Dear Brothers and Sisters: I do not know the arrangements for the session assigned to the members of the press who have been in the editorial or publishing business for twenty-five years or over; whether it is to be devoted to general personal reminiscences and incidents connected with the meetings and excursions of the Association, or whether there are to be prepared essays on the various features of journalism, its duties and privileges and moral and social responsibilities. If the latter, I am not in it; but if the former, surely 'Uncle Charlie,' within a month of his eighty-second milestone, 68 years in a printing office and 51 years as an editor and publisher, is entitled to a place among the contributors. He regrets exceedingly that a cold, complicated with rheumatism, catarrhal, bronchial and throat troubles, predisposing to an attack of the fashionable grippe with a con- tingency of pneumonia, keeps him at home and prevents him from participating in the ordinary proceedings and diversions of a meeting of the Association. "His membership has been long and always most enjoyable. It commenced under the presidency of E. H. Griggs and the secretaryship of C. B. Bostwick, and includes his own service as president, when in the speaker's chair in the house of representatives in Springfield, he presided over a body of men who would have been a great improvement over some of the legislatures which have assembled in the hall there so worthily occupied by a different class of representatives, and where he was declared by one of its members to be the best and the poorest president the Association had ever enjoyed or suffered, as the case may be, and when at a subse- quent meeting in Chicago preparatory to a lake excursion he forgot a stickful and a half speech he supposed he had firmly fixed in his mind in reply to a welcome by W. K. Sullivan, then one of the editors of the 'old reliable' Journal. "This introduction is rather long, and who knows what the Association would suffer if he were permitted to spread himself in personal recollections or in a review of incidents in the history of the Association? The Association may have cause for congratulation that Providence and the doctor have vetoed his attendance. "Nevertheless he will venture a few recollections of some of the incidents it has been his good fortune to enjoy. If they are in order and in accordance with the plan of the special session, the Secretary is requested to read this, if they are out of place they will go where many a newspaper contribution finds its destination. "Among the more notable excursions are the Mobile trip, the Montreal, Quebec and Boston, jaunt, and the ever to be remembered two weeks' visit in the Rocky Mountains. "On the Montreal excursion the boat was overcrowded, and the first night out of Chicago sent three-quarters of the excursionists to their berths or kept them there in the morning with the common attendant of a sea voyage. The voyage was productive of many scenes of a ludicrous as well as an annoying character which 151 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History would justify, on a proper occasion, a full length description. In the assignment of berths, others, younger than myself, were given good places in the main cabin, but President Griggs sent to the captain's small cabin such 'boys' as Bill Steele, himself and other kindred associates, two in a berth, because he thought I would not kick against any arrangements he might make. If those more amply provided for with sleeping accommodations slept less than the impromptu occupants of the captain's quarters, they were in poor condition to add to the hilarity of the party or contribute to the general enjoyment. When the tumult dwindled to a calm and peace was resolved to a disturbed stomach and an ample supply of fresh trout at Mackinac tempted a craving appetite, President Griggs consoled the sufferers with the assurance that they had had a fine opportunity to exercise their descriptive powers for the benefit of their home readers. "The Mobile trip occurred soon after the war, and before the privileges of an excursion had been restricted to the membership of the Association. It was a large and mixed party, but a genial one, and drew out of 'the boys' all there was in them in the narrative of personal incidents, historic knowledge and information of the southern section of the country in its first efforts to recover from the effects of a devastating war. Nothing could exceed the hospitality with which we were everywhere received and the welcome in receptions tendered us. It was initiatory to a better feeling between divided sections of a common country and began in some quarters the good will which now prevails between them. Columns could be and were written about it, interesting alike in personal experience and observations and productions of good results. "The Denver meeting of the National Association had been preceded by an excursion of our State Association. Both opened a new and delightful world to most of those who visited it. Excursions were made by each to the most celebrated localities, and upon each the people of Denver showed its unstinted hospitality. A two weeks' excursion into the mountains was one of the features of the national meeting after a banquet that, in all its arrangements and bounteousness and the character of the speeches, I have never seen excelled. One of the incidents will bear noticing though not immediately connected with our own Association. A reception and banquet was intended at Leadville, but a report of the Denver banquet had reached there, and in utter hopelessness of equalling it, the Leadville reception was abandoned. No arrangements had been made to take care of the excursionists, and each was left to take care of himself. I succeeded, after several failures at hotels, in finding a place to pass the night in one of the stores of the city. While there I visited, in the day time, a locality where I would not have dared to venture in the evening unattended by a policeman, and where if there is a door on earth which opens directly into the infernal regions, it is or was in that ungodly city. Some other members were piloted by the mayor and a couple of policemen in a night visit to the gambling hells and other places of resort, and given a general show of 'the sights' which have given Leadville its reputation. "A trip over the Santa Fe road while in process of construction, organized outside of the Association, but which many of its older members attended, was also notable in more respects than one. It was almost exclusively confined to the press in the northwest. At Fort Dodge the train laid up during a severe storm, and 'the sights' seen there fell but little short of those at Leadville. A midnight reception and supper at the termination of the track furnished us experience none of the party will ever forget. Illinois Newspaper Directors, vnd History "One of the Association trips included a visit to Salt Lake City, and there came in new experiences and enjoyments. A meeting in the great tabernacle was arranged for the special benefit of the excursionists. By some means I missed our party as it left the hotel for the place of meeting and wandering alone I became mixed up with the Mormons to the extent that I was seated among them. The communion service was observed and when the emblems' were passed to me I adopted the precept of doing in Rome as the Romans do, and participated in the service with all there around me. "Alas, those good old days have gone, but they linger fondly in the memory, and will afford those who participated in them, gathered now to recall them, an opportunity to live over some of their former days, or 'swap lies' as Snively calls it; and furnish a source of enjoyment which will nuke time hang anything but heavy on their hands. I regret that I cannot have a 'put in' and am sometimes tempted to disregard the dictates of prudence and answer to a roll call. I shall miss them more than they will miss me, for a lot of good fellows will congregate who will entertain themselves and give only a passing recollection to one absent companion. I dislike to break in on the habit of attending the meetings of such an organization as the one in which I have so long been a member, but the infirmities of age are creeping upon me, and we long that some friend may speak a last kind word for one of the oldest members of an association which has no superior in the list of similar organizations. "With best wishes to all, old and gray, and the lady members who have not grown old since I knew them. — Uncle Charlie." Mr. Griggs gave the following talk: "It seems to me that one or two allusions that have been made make it incumbent upon me to speak a word. During the four years, we had some pretty heavy excursions. The first excursion we took as an association was from Rockford to Minneapolis and St. Paul by river. I got up that excursion. I had, in fact, an experience the previous year when I went up with the Wisconsin Editorial Asso- ciation. We went by river. I was representing the Illinois Press Association as its secretary. There were no ladies except one or two. The wife of the president was along. There was a good deal of hilarity, some cards, etc. "When it was proposed that we hive an excursion for our association, I went to the different railroads and made efforts to have them include the ladies, and it was the unanimous declaration of the men on the river that it was the best win- ducted excursion partv that ever went up the river. That established a precedent that has been followed in all the subsequent excursions of this Association. "In Mobile — that was a pretty heavy trip. We went into Mobile and we had about 275 ladies and gentlemen — a pretty large family to manage and take care of. I did all the corresponding in regard to the excursion. I think it would be interest- ing to Snively if he could see the letters of those papers that were heavily repre- sented. It is true there was a good deal of fraud. We were not much experienced and when a paper sent a letter to us guaranteeing a party to be connected with it, we took it in good faith. It is true that some of the papers ran in some who had no sort of connection with them. Nobody regretted it more than the officers of the Association. "I think the next excursion we took was when we went to Montreal and Boston, we had a much more select company, about 110 or 115. As far as I know, they were all bona fide representatives there. This Mobile excursion was an eye opener to us. We succeeded in eliminating outsiders. There are a great man)- Illinois Newspaper Directory and History reminiscences that might be interesting, but time will not let me go into them. I recollect one that concerns one of the men that Snively spoke of. He is now dead. He got in on Saturday night, tired and dusty. Of course, the first thing was to get a bath and the next thing with a good many was to get a drink, and the bar-room was pretty well filled with Illinois editors in a short time. This editor went to the barkeeper and asked the price of a glass of whiskey. The barkeeper says, 'Twenty-five cents.' He says, 'I will take a glass of whiskey.' The barkeeper set out the bottle and the glass and the editor filled the glass full, clear to the brim, and took a good drink and said, 'Now you set that back there and I will come back and drink the rest.' The barkeeper looked at him and says, 'Is that the way you Illinois editors drink? If it is, I guess I will close up while you are here.' I don't know as I have anything further to say. The mention of these excursions brings up a host of reminiscences, some of them funny, some of them not so funny. I think I will relinquish this gavel to the President." The following papers were read: "Courtesy and Business Sense Among Newspapers Necessary to Success," by S. K. Strother, Taylorville Courier; "The Country Publisher in the Tender Hands of His Friends," by J. K. Rardin, Charleston Daily News; "A Linotype in a Country Jake Printing Office," by C. N. Wall, Taylorville Democrat; "Country Correspondence," by G. A. Burgess, Monticello Republican; "Home Mer- chants Before Foreign Advertisers," by M. G. Sisson, Greenfield Blade; "Advertis- ing Space — Its Value to the Publisher," by Eb Spink, Valley Times, Chandler ville; "The Value of Promptness in the Newspaper," by Charles F. Breen, Lawrenceville Democrat-Herald; "Always Interested," H. J. Clark, Pontiac Sentinel; and "Idioms and Slang," by E. L. Spence, Algonquin Arrow. Slang phrases of current use mentioned included: "rattled, gaff, up to snuff, play the duce, playing his best card, black as the ace of spades, he's a trump, mugwump, high kicker, loaded for bear and beefing." W. H. Hainline, Macomb Journal, read a paper on "What Not to Print," and T. N. Lakin of the Vandalia Union, on "The Country Newspaper in Politics." A motion was made to commend Congressman Champ Clark for his efforts to keep the Government out of competition with its citizens in printing envelopes. A. W. Glessner, Galena Gazette, spoke on the "Benefits of an N.E.A. Trip." The officers elected for 1899-1900 were: President, M. F. Walsh, Harvard Herald; Vice Presidents, Charles C. Chain, Bushnell Democrat; W. W. Watts, Nashville Jour- nal; A. W. Glessner, Galena Gazette; Secretary, J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat; Treasurer, C. B. Mead, Geneva Republican; Executive Committee, John N. Onstott, Petersburg Democrat; A. C. Bentley, Pittsfield Times; C. M. Tinney, Virginia Gazette; Auditing Committee, H. N. Wheeler, Quincy Journal; George W. Harper, Robinson Argus; John M. Rapp, Fairfield Record. Memorial papers were read in honor of the late Charles Edgar Crandall of the Chicago West End Advocate, by W. W. Lowis, Greenville Advocate; the late Balfour Cowen of the Virden Reporter, by E. A. Snively, Springfield; the late John B. Hamilton of Journal of the American Medical Association, Chicago, by Mrs. Harriet Tatham, Elgin; and the late W. F. Purtill of the Mattoon Journal, by C. W. Twichell of the Mattoon Journal. 1900 The Thirty-Fifth Annual Session of the Illinois Press Association was held in Chicago on February 7, 8 and 9, 1900. The meeting was called to order in the Lexing- ton Hotel by the President, M. F. Walsh of the Harvard Herald. 154 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History The first business was the Executive Session. E. A. Snively, the Legislative com- mitteeman, said that there would no doubt be a considerable effort made in the next Legislature to repeal that portion of the Revenue Law dealing with the publication of assessment lists, as about 40 County Treasurers had held a meeting at which they favored the publication of the list in only one newspaper in a county. It was to the interest of the publishers and the public, he stated, that the assessment list, valuable public information, be in every paper. He also impressed upon the members of the Association that at the next Legislature there would be an attempt to change the publication of the tax list, and the Medical Practice Act. He told the members that if any member of the Legislature failed to keep a promise to them, to notify him and by letting the news- paper men of the Association know, they could refuse to mention the Legislator in their papers and in most cases bring him to renew and fulfill his promise to vote for the desired bill. The President gave his annual address. The Committee on the President's Address took action on his recommendations in offering an amendment to Section 4, Article IV of the Constitution to the effect that the Executive Committee should consist of the President, Secretary, and three other members to be elected for three years; and also an amendment of Section 5 of Article IV that an Auditing Committee of three be elected for a term of three years, one of whom should be elected each year, after the first election. These resolutions were filed with the Secretary. John M. Rapp, Fairfield Record, spoke on "How to Secure New Subscriptions and Collect Old Ones." A paper by Frank W. Havill, Mt. Carmel Register, was read by E. A. Snively, Springfield, on "The Reciprocal Duties of Editors and Officials"; and Dewitt C. Owen, Dixon Star, read a paper on "Tri-Weeklies." An invitation of the Press Club of Chicago to use its rooms and privileges of membership while in the city was accepted by the Association. The annual address was made by the Honorable Walter Williams of the Herald, Columbia, Missouri. A paper on "Rural Free Mail Delivery" was read by H. A. David, Carlinville Democrat. A discussion on the subject brought out the fact that the routes established had effected the increase of circulation of daily papers, and had not decreased the weekly subscriptions. Frank T. Moran, Belvidere Republican, gave an address on "Typesetting Machines." Other members told of their experiences with the Simplex, Thorne, and Linotype, all of which were found practical when there was job work in addition to the weekly*. George C. Rankin of the Monmouth Republican-Atlas spoke on "The Correspond- ence Department of a Country Newspaper." Miss Lottie E. Jones of the Danville School Review gave a paper on "Fads in the School Room." A paper by Thomas Rees, Spring- field State Register, on "Inventories and Insurance," was read. Terrv Simmons, Marseilles Plaindealer, spoke on the subject, "Turned Lcose." J. J. Baker, Mt. Vernon News, read a paper on "Foreign Advertising," and a discus- sion was held on the subject, most of the members who talked agreeing that it was best to name their price and stick to it. A motion offered by E. A. Snively, Springfield, was carried: "ResolicJ, by the Illinois Press Association that we instruct our delegates to the National Editorial Association to be held in New Orleans, March 1st, to urge upon the National Association the necessity of working for the enactment of a law that will stop the National Government from coming into competition with the newspaper and job printers of the country; for a modification of the 155 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History revenue law whereby a physician who pays for his advertising is taxed while one who secures his advertising free, is not taxed." A new .gavel was presented to the association by the Paper Companies, and the old one with the names of 2 5 past presidents on it was voted to the State Historical Society. "Keep Everlastingly At It" was the topic of a paper by George W. Harper of the Robinson Argus. R. T. Spencer of the Illiopolis State Center spoke on "The Prices of Job Work." The figures in the latter paper, compiled by Mr. Spencer and based on a questionnaire, showed a wide divergence in prices asked. F. E. Pinkerton, Rantoul Press, spoke on "An Editor's Duty to a Community"; H. N. Wheeler, Quincy Journal, on "Where Your Best Effort — Local or Editorial?"; and Charles Bradshaw, Carrollton Patriot, on "Education of Advertisers and Subscribers." Officers elected were: President, A. C. Bentley, Pittsfield Times; Vice Presidents, Gen. Smith D. Atkins, Freeport Journal; Charles W. Bliss, Hillsboro News; John R. Marshall, Yorkville Record; Secretary, J. M. Page, Jersey ville Democrat; Treasurer, H. A. David, Carlinville Democrat; Executive Committee, S. K. Strother, Taylorville Courier; W. W. Lowis, Greenville Advocate; A. W. Glessner, Galena Gazette; Auditing Committee, C. J. Lumpkin, Carlinville Enquirer; John M. Rapp, Fairfield Record; F. E. Pinkerton, Rantoul Press. During his term as President, 1899-1900, A. C. Bentley of the Pittsfield Times compiled the most complete directory of Illinois newspapers (Cook County excepted) ever published. In his list there were 1,070 papers then in existence. The Thirty-Sixth Annual Session was held at Chicago on January 30 and 31, and February 1, 1901. The President, A. C. Bentley, Pittsfield Times, called the meeting to order in the Lexington Hotel. A. R. Van Skivor, Streator Free Press, presented a paper on "Foreign Advertising," which he had read at the meeting of the LaSalle County Press Association. The Presi- dent gave his annual address, devoting special attention to the misuse of railroad passes, and it was moved that that part of his address be sent to every General Passenger Agent in the State of Illinois. N. E. Matter, Wheaton Illinoian, spoke on "Should Advertising Agencies Be Patron- ized?" in which he urged that the home merchant rather than the agencies be patronized. The Honorable Charles W. Bliss, Hillsboro News, read a humorous and interesting paper on "The New Century." On motion of E. A. Snively, Springfield, Harry Dorwin, Springfield State Journal, was called upon to talk on the business part of the newspaper, and answered questions of the members on business policies. A. T. Cowen, Millegeville Free Press, read a paper on "Does It Pay to Conduct an Agricultural Department in a Country Newspaper?" answering the question in the affirmative, providing the location and management of the paper is right. He gave the following rules for the conduct of a country paper: "1. Have a definite day and hour of publication and let nothing short of death cause you to violate this rule. "2. Say whatever good you can about people, but never speak ill of them. "3. Change advertisements often. They should be in keeping with the season. "4. Do not give space to objectionable advertisements or sensational news. "S. An all home-print newspaper is preferable to ready-print. "6. Publish correct tables of the time of trains at your local depot. 1S6 Ii i inois Newspaper I)iki< roRY and Hisiom "7. The produce markets should be carefully corrected before going to press. "8. All mechanical work should be carefully executed. Blurred and torn copies should not be sent out. "9. Newspapers should be neatly folded. The wrapping should be neatly and carefully executed. A newspaper is often judged from its general appearance. "10. All news should be gained from reliable sources. All rumors should be verified before giving them space in your paper." It was moved that the matter of railroad passes for editors be referred to the Legis- lative Committee. Terry Simmons, Marseilles Plaindealer, read a paper entitled "An Editor's Memory." The annual address was given by the Honorable Lafe Young of Des Moines, Iowa. He suggested as a remedy for the agency situation, a special agency to represent the news- papers of the state. It was moved and carried that the Secretary have this printed in full and sent to every newspaper in the state. A resolution was passed that the Honorable Owen Scott be requested to call upon Governor Yates, and urge the retention of E. A. Snivel)' on the Board of Pardons. Mr. Snively, as the Legislative Committeeman, called attention to the danger of change in the Revenue Law in the next Legislature and to the newly-organized Eastern Illinois Editorial Association, which in his opinion would be a valuable auxiliary to the State Association, especially in view of the fact that the new Association had taken up the securing of the publication of the laws of the state; to the proposed amendment to the Anti-Trust Law in relation to publication of reports; to the Secretary of State's recommendation that the Legislature change its mode of having its printing done; and to the fact that the matter of township reports would probably soon be adjusted so that there would be no complaint. A visit was made to the Swift Packing House. C. D. Tufts, Centralia Democrat, read a paper on "To What Extent Is a Newspaper an Eleemosynary Institution?" followed by "Best Methods On Making Collections For a Country Weekly" by J. C. Coulson, La Harpe La Harper, in which he stated the method he had found best was to remind a delinquent subscriber first by letter, and then by a second one saying that if response were not made in ten days they would draw a draft on him for the amount. C. M. Tinney, Virginia Gazette, discussed the question "Shall We Attend the Pan- American Exposition at Buffalo!'" and recommended that the Association not attend in a body. Miss Vesta E. Sevringhouse, representative of the Bureau of Publicity for the Exposition, was introduced and asked the support of the members. The next topic was "How Can Our Association Be Made More Beneficial to the Fraternity?" by H. N. Wheeler, Quincy Journal, followed by F. D. E. Babcock, Marengo Republican, on the same subject. G. A. Burgess, Monticello Republican, then spoke on "Country Weeklies — Proper Subscription Price — Flat Rate of Sliding Scale for Adver- tising — Bookkeeping — Solicitors." The matter of securing new members for the Association was brought up. \\ . \\ . Lowis, Greenville Advocate, said in part: "In almost every locality in the State ot Illinois there is some local association, either Congressional, District or County, Republican or Democrat, Military Tract, Southern Illinois, and I don't know how many other organizations. I believe these associations all have a purpose to accomplish some good (especially the Congressional and District associations) in a noble way, but I want to ask the members of this Association if there is a single credit to any one of these associations which I have 157 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History mentioned, whereby we have directly, as publishers of the State of Illinois as a whole, received any benefit in the way of Legislation. Not a single one with the exception of this Press Association of the State of Illinois. Every particle of benefit which we have received has come through the efforts of this organization. Yet all of the others get the same benefits we do, and if we can secure benefits of this kind to benefit the public, which we have done through Legislation which has been enacted through our Legislative Committee, not only benefiting us, but benefiting the public, what could we not do with a membership of 700 or 800 out of 1500 or 1600 periodicals in the state?" A motion was made that the President appoint a committee consisting of one from each Congressional District to solicit new members. It was moved by C. D. Tufts, Centralia Democrat, that the 1902 meeting be held in a country section of the state instead of in Chicago. The motion was carried. Secretary J. M. Page, Terseyville Democrat, reported that the bill for extending free mail delivery to cities of four or five thousand contained the clause that each paper would have to affix a one-cent stamp, instead of paying by the pound. It was voted that the Association oppose this measure. An amendment to the Constitution was adopted to the effect that two members of the Executive Committee and two of the Auditing Committee should hold over and a new one be elected each year. The officers elected for 1901-1902 were: President, General Smith D. Atkins, Freeport Journal; Vice Presidents, Charles W. Bliss, Hillsboro News; J. Crawford Adams, Peotone Vedette; F. E. Holmes, Richmond Gazette; Secretary, J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat; Treasurer, H. A. David, Carlinville Democrat; Executive Committee, George C. Rankin, Monmouth Republican; C. M. Tinney, Virginia Gazette; A. R. Van Skivor, Mattoon Journal; Auditing Committee, Terry Simmons, Marseilles Plaindealer; C. D. Tufts, Centralia Democrat; and J. W. Wild, Nokomis Free Press-Gazette. It was moved and carried that the President appoint a committee of five to report at the next meeting on what should be fair rates for local advertisements. Mr. Lord of Lord and Thomas Advertising Agency spoke briefly and said that if the publishers would co-operate with the agencies both would get more money. A dis- cussion was held on the subject. A paper in memory of the late Miles Beach Castle of the Sandwich Argus was read by E. A. Snively. The Thirty-Seventh Annual Session of the Illinois Press Association was held at Chicago, February 18, 19 and 20, 1902. The meeting was called to order in the Lexing- ton Hotel, President Smith D. Atkins, Freeport Journal, in the chair. The regular committees were appointed and the President gave an address on prob- lems before the profession. The committee on the President's address endorsed his view on letter postage that postage could not be reduced to one cent on letters without resulting in an increase of newspaper postage; endorsed his suggestions that all cases of contempt of court not committed in the presence of the court be tried by jury and recommended that the Association appeal to the Legislature to secure the necessary legislation on this question, and that the matter be referred to the Legislative Committee with power to act; endorsed the position of the President in regard to the violation of contracts with railroads and the misuse of railroad transportation, and recommended that the Constitution and By-Laws of the Illinois Press Association be amended to Illinois Newspapi r Directory and History provide for the expulsion of members who sold or disposed of railroad transportation contrary to the terms of their contract; and expressed the belief that control of the telegraph business of the country and control of the transmission of messages by tele- graph should be made a part of the postal system. J. Crawford Adams, Peotone Vedette, presented a paper on "The Outlook." Col. James W. Breen of the Manteno Independent gave some dialect readings. Mark Ruggles of the Mendota Sun-Bulletin read an essay entitled "Forward March." Charles Bradshaw of the Carrollton Patriot made an address entitled Jonathan Quilldriver's School of Journalism, as follows: Jonathan Quilldriver's School Ih Charles Bradshaw in 1902 "Jonathan Quilldriver's School of Journalism was not housed in an imposing edifice, nor was it connected with any one of the great universities. Neither did it advertise in the leading magazines to give ten lessons by mail that would fit a young man — any young man — for the managing editorship of a metropolitan daily. Jonathan's educa- tional institution remained for several years in a little 7x9 shack on the ragged edge of the business part of an unknown country village. Even in its most prosperous times it never reached the dignity of a brownstone front. It was some time adorned with a mortgage, but it never aspired to a dome or mansard roof. Its endowment fund con- sisted of a becoming degree of modesty and the necessary amount of grit. It conferred no degrees, and it never issued a diploma. "Already you have guessed that Jonathan Quilldriver's School of Journalism was located in a print shop, and that Jonathan was its only pupil for life. "How Jonathan ever took a notion to the newspaper business was one of the un- solved problems of his native town. Everybody agreed that he had no especial gift in that direction, though, so far as the testimony of his neighbors was concerned, it didn't appear that he had an urgent call for anything. The consensus of opinion seemed to be that Jonathan just naturally drifted in, and that, once in, he either lacked the gumption or the energy to swim out. Whether the estimate did him justice or not, this much is certain — he staid. And that really was the prime factor in his success. He stuck — which was the very thing the soothsayers and delinquent subscribers said he wouldn't do. I have noticed that one of the most important lessons to be learned in active life is the fact that there are a great many false prophets in the world, and the hardest part of the proposition is — to prove it. "How nearly these prophecies of evil came to fulfillment will never be known. When man sets up a new venture in a newspaper graveyard, the buzzards are not often cheated of their prey. And Jonathan appeared to be a particularly promising subject. His picture at this early stage was far from prepossessing, but it is necessary to present it here as a sort of 'before-taking' testimonial to the efficiency of his school. He was green — awfully green. I can't possibly describe the intensity of his greenness, because there is no one here enough like him to make an intelligible comparison. Some of you, however, may look back at your own early experiences, and understand that I am not color-blind when I say that Jonathan was decidedly green. "At this early period in his career, Jonathan Quilldriver knew little about the component parts of four-ply, yard-wide news. He thought he knew, however. If he had been asked then to give a definition of news, it is quite probable he would have put it something like this: 'News — Anything used to fill up the columns of a newspaper.' 159 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Defining it this way, it was quite natural that he should always be able to recognize news when he saw it — in the columns of his exchanges, but seldom when he ran up against it unexpectedly on the street. Quite naturally too, he sought it most frequently where he was best able to recognize it, and, therefore, his scissors were always busy. "While he was yet a freshman and in after years, too, for that matter — Jonathan had some special training in the Correspondence School of Journalism, which, by the way, is not such an innovation as many suppose. In fact, he owed some of his best elementary lessons to the system. At first he saw only the disagreeable feature of receiving, with great regularity and distressing frequency, postal cards inscribed with — 'Please stop my paper.' The bad taste of putting that on a postal card did not so much im- press him as did the amazing lack of appreciation on the part of his subscribers. Some- times they were so extremely impolite as to omit the prefatory 'Please.' The thing grated harshly upon his nervous system. It seemed to him that he had a mission to perform in educating these uncouth, uncultured and unappreciative villagers up to his own level. It did not occur to him that this was part of his own education — that these barbarians were trying to pound into his own untutored mind how to run a newspaper. And they were doing it in the most practical, sensible way, too. This was the original application of the correspondence school methods. "This particular lesson had to be drummed into him in a variety of ways. It came to him accidently that old Mrs. Brown liked his paper because it was such a convenient size for her pantry shelves, and that Squire Jones was a subscriber for the reason that it didn't take long to read the sheet. He found that it wasn't difficult to keep the subscription list going by accepting payment in crooked cord wood and windfall apples, or by extending unlimited credit. The financial problem seemed always a tender subject, and any reference to it was fraught with peril, perhaps fatalities, to the paper's list of faithful supporters. "Little by little, Jonathan absorbed the lesson. Finally one of the 'stop-my-paper' postals drove it home and clinched it. 'I am taking more papers than I can afford; please stop yours,' wrote the subscriber. Jonathan studied it between the lines, and wondered why his paper had been selected for the slaughter. He had not far to go to reach the logical conclusion that he had not made his paper indispensible, as, evidently, some other editor had. "That was the beginning of Jonathan's active career as a student in the School of Journalism. Thenceforth he studied, and planned, and strove, and lived to make his paper an indispensible necessity in the homes of the people, extending out in a circle as wide as it was practicable for him to reach. As a part of his evolution, he developed a nose for news, and the length of his scissors-blades ceased to be the measure of that commodity. "Jonathan also took frequent lessons in another branch of the Correspondence School — that conducted by the foreign advertising agent — and he found these equally valuable when he got far enough along to appreciate them. He fell an easy prey, at the first monthly examination, to the trick problems in accumulative top o' column space, and the test contracts, written in the original Greek, in which quantity was to be figured by arithmetical progression, and the compensation expressed in decimal fractions. When he discovered that he had been 'gold-bricked' he decided that all advertising agents are confidence men, and he vented upon all, without partiality or discrimination, his supreme contempt for the whole tribe. For the most part, their propositions and overtures were consigned to the silent oblivion of the waste basket. Sometimes, as the humor seized him, he replied in ironical politeness or insulting brusqueness. He was surprised to find that, 160 Illinois Newspaper Dmu< ioui and History in either mood, the advertising agent seemed wholly oblivious to the raking tire of his heaviest artillery. He wasted many dollars in postage stamps before he discovered and dug OUt the real lesson there was in this experience for himself — that it is the methodical, patient, even-tempered, never-quitting business policy, practiced by these advertising agents, which brings success. He learned over again a lesson he had learned as a boy — that the moment you begin treating the other fellow from the standpoint of an enemy, all hope of getting anything out of him depends upon your ability to throw him down and take it by force. "In the end, Jonathan came to look upon advertising agents with some degree of respect, to imitate some of their virtues in dealing with them, and to sav 'No' to them in a way that could neither be misunderstood nor taken as an insult. "Studying the sociology of his profession, Jonathan decided that the relation he bore to the subscribers of his paper was that of employee, hired to serve the news, fresh, palatable and at stated intervals, just as the cook is hired to serve the meals. He felt it his duty to study the tastes of his thousand or fifteen hundred employers and their families, and that it is good business policy to try and please the largest possible number. Just as the successful cook would do, he inquired and observed regarding the particular dishes in his bill of fare that were most relished. Like the conscientious cook, he had due regard to the wholesomeness and cleanliness of that which he served. He tried to keep himself in touch with .veryone who sat down at his spread. He did not assume to have so far mastered his art that it would lower his dignity to listen to .1 suggi ti in from the humblest of his employers. "One of Jonathan's greatest of early temptations was the desire to be smart — to say curt things and cutting. He found it the easiest thing in the world to be sarcastic. He also found it one of his most expensive extravagances. In later years, when he had found out how much this luxury cost, he discovered that it is possible to enjoy it almost as much by writing the sarcastic things and then dropping them in the waste basket, is by putting them on the copy hook. "In his early experience he printed a great deal that he didn't think; later in life he learned to think a great deal that he didn't print. "He bumped his head against several stone walls before he came to realize there are no cross-lot short cuts for reforming the world in six weeks. The bumps were good hard ones, else it might have taken him longer to learn the lesson. "A wise man will make many mistakes, but it is the fool who makes the same on- twice. One of the most valuable branches of study in Jonathan's school was that of mistakes — chiefly his own. It kept him busy a good deal of the time classifying and cataloguing these, and he had little time for those of other people. It is the man who never makes mistakes that is really handicapped in the matter of acquiring wisdom. Jonathan made many, and grew wiser d.w by day. "It is trulv wonderful what vast resources for acquiring wisdom are at our com- mand. The Quilldriver School of Journalism had more unendowed chairs than .1 university, and each one of them contributed a share to the education of the solitary pupil. I. Quilldriver, student. He impressed them all into his service, and absorbed whatever of knowdedge or experience they could offer. He studied his exchanges for new ideas and suggestions. He subscribed for, and read all the best trade journals that related to his business. He never missed an opportunity to attend a press meeting, and was always ready to exchange views and experiences with his brethren. "He took advantage of modern improvements as rapidly as they became available. ind endeavored to keep pace with the human race. Pessimists said that rapid transit. Ilunois Newspaper Directory and History rural free delivery of mails, the telephone and kindred inventions were destined to wipe the weekly newspaper out of existence. Jonathan ran a weekly, but instead of becoming frightened, he enlisted these threatening ogres in his own service. The predicted disaster came only to those weekly editors who did not take advantage of their opportunities. "Jonathan very early found that the life of a newspaper man is necessarily a strenu- ous one. His feet often ached from chasing down items that proved to be fakes. His head ached with the problems of keeping the news matter down to the limit, and the cash box up to the necessities. And his heart ached for the wronged and miserable people he met, but whose sufferings he could not relieve. "He worked more hours in the day than the farmer, and more days in the week than the motorman. He frequently began the day with the lark, and went off duty with the night watchman. His daily routine afforded more surprises and fewer leisure moments than that of a mule driver. His program was subject to more changes than that of a vaudeville show, and he was called upon more frequently and unexpectedly to alter his plans and decide points of diplomacy than is a South American president. "At the end of his first year in the school he had arrived at the conclusion that mankind is hopelessly selfish; that the heroes he had worshipped afar off were but common clay, and that those he had esteemed as great were small indeed. In that short time he had learned some of the weaknesses of humanity, and had concluded that it is all of a kind. He was in imminent danger of becoming a cynic. But ten, fifteen, twenty years developed a different point of view. He still saw much of selfishness, vanity and egotism, because that side of human nature was oftenest exposed to his view, but he also learned that there is more of charity, of self-denial, of brotherly love in the world than he had ever supposed. And as the years went by he shut his eyes to the foibles, but opened them to the virtues, of his fellow-men, and his own character was strengthened and enriched thereby." Mr. George Wirde of the New South Wales Association, Australia, was present and was asked to make a few remarks. He was questioned about newspaper methods in Australia. E. A. Snively announced that arrangements had been made for admission of the members of the Association and their families to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Thomas Rees, Springfield State Register, addressed the Association on the subject, "Progress of Journalism." A paper by Fred B. Whitney, Waukegan Gazette, on "Trusts — Cost Thereof to Publishers," was read by W. L. Garner, Waukegan Gazette. A reso- lution was contained in the paper asking that a bill be framed providing that all wood and wood pulp adapted to and for the manufacture of paper when imported into the United States should be exempt from duty and that it be placed before the publishers of the United States with the request that each publication ask its Senator and Repre- sentative to favor the bill. The resolution was referred to the Committee on Resolutions for report. A. C. Bentley, Pittsfield Times, entertained the members with a paper, "The Illinois Press Association as a Matrimonial Bureau." The next paper was by W. W. Watts, Nashville Journal, on "The Newspaper Publisher as a Business Man." H. H. Chandler, Chicago Farmer's Review, discussed the subject, "Should the Postmaster General Be Sustained in His Rulings Relative to Second-Class Matter?" Owen Scott, Decatur Herald, offered a resolution that the Illinois Press Association endorse the efforts of the Post Office Department to reform the second-class postage rates, and to rid it of the abuses that have crept into the postal system. The resolution was adopted. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History W. J. Seil, Grayville Mercury, spoke on "Uniform Prices by Local Publishers," in which he strongly advocated the uniform price system. A theatre party was given through the courtesy of the American Type Founders' Association, Barnhart Bros, and Spindler, J. W. Butler Paper Company, Moser-Burgess Paper Co., and Bradner Smith and Company. The Wednesday afternoon program was under the direction of the ladies. Mrs. C. W. Bliss, Hillsboro, was in charge. Miss Bessie Turner of the Cairo Daily Telegram presented a paper on "Active Newspaper Women"; Mrs. John M. Rapp. Fairfield Record, a paper on "The Editor as an Excursion- ist"; and Mrs. Celia Baxter Wooley read an essay on the heroines of Charles Dickens. At the next session there was a discussion by George C. Rankin, Monmouth Repub- lican-Atlas, on "Editorial Etiquette." It was followed by a paper on "The Historical Value of Newspaper Files" by S. W. Culp, Morrisonville Times. J. A. Atwood, Stillman Valley Graphic, spoke on "The Editor's Calling"; Owen Scott, Decatur Herald, on "Are Auxiliary Associations Helpful to the State Association?"; and A. W. Charles, Carmi Democrat, on "The Influence of the Country Press." It was moved and carried that the invitation to hold the next meeting of the Asso- ciation in Cairo be accepted. The Committee on Legal Advertising reported a resolution that the Illinois Press Association adopt as minimum charges for legal advertisements, such as court notices, $1.00 an inch solid nonpareil (or its equivalent in other size of type) for the first week, and 50 cents an inch for each subsequent week's insertion, it being understood that these rates were to apply except for such ads and notices as had a different rate established by statute. After some discussion the resolution was adopted. The Treasurer reported S226.00 on hand. The Auditing Committee recommended that the Treasurer be allowed S2S per year to pay his expenses. The motion was adopted. The officers elected were: President, Charles W. Bliss, Hillsboro News; Vice Presi- dents, E. E. Ellis, Cairo Telegram; J. Crawford Adams, Peotone Vedette; L. A. Con- stantine, Aurora Post; Secretary, J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat; Treasurer. William T. Bedford, LaSalle Tribune; Executive Committee, M. F. Walsh, Harvard Herald; ]. M. Rapp, Fairfield Record; A. R. Van Skivor, Mattoon Journal; Auditing Committee, Terry Simmons, Marseilles Plaindealer; C. D. Tufts, Centralia Democrat; and J. W. Wild, Nokomis Free Press-Gazette. 1903 The Thirty-Eighth Annual Session was held at Cairo on May 12. 13 and 14, 1903. The meeting was called to order at Safford's Hall by President Charles W. Bliss, Hillsboro News. On behalf of the citizens of Cairo the Honorable Walter Warder welcomed the editors. In his address the President said in part: "I would suggest also that this Association and the press of Illinois co-operate with the Illinois Historical Society, as far as possible, and lend it all the assistance in our power. The newspapers are really histories. The editors are publishing history in every issue of their papers. Every paper is a reliable history of events that have transpired since the previous number was issued. The newspapers should be coadjutor of the Historical Society or what would be more appropriate, perhaps, the Historical Societv should be an auxiliary of the newspapers." The Committee on the President's Address made the following report: "Your Committee on President's Annual Address respectfully beg permission to report that: 163 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "The humorous part of the address fully sustained the well-earned and deserved reputation of Charlie Bliss as the funniest man connected with the Illinois Press Asso- ciation, and was immensely enjoyed by all who listened to it. "Your committee cordially endorse the recommendation of President Bliss that 'every county in Illinois should have a County Press Association which should meet not less than four times a year and discuss matters pertaining to this business.' In the opinion of your committee if that could be accomplished it would add greatly to the influence of this State Press Association, and would materially aid every publisher in the State of Illinois. "Your committee cordially endorse the recommendation of President Bliss that the annual meetings of the Illinois Press Association be held in the interior cities of the state. But your committee desire to qualify that recommendation so that the Association will not hold any annual meeting in any city that has not one hotel large enough to furnish accommodations and rooms for all the members of this Association and their ladies. "Your committee cordially agree with the suggestion of President Bliss that the Press of Illinois should be liberal in referring to the great Louisiana Purchase Exposition to be held in St. Louis next year. "Your committee endorse the position of President Bliss in relation to the con- struction of permanent good roads. Nothing would add more surely to the value of real estate, and the comfort and enjoyment of the population of Illinois. "Your committee cordially endorse the recommendation of President Bliss that the Illinois Press Association co-operate with the Illinois Historical Society, and lend it all the assistance in its power. — Respectfully submitted. Smith D. Atkins, W. W. Lowis, J. C. Adams." The Honorable Owen Scott, Decatur Herald, gave an address on "The Modern Newspaper." Lon Sanders, president of the Sanders Engraving Company of St. Louis, spoke on "The Use of Cuts For Newspapers"; Will Curtis, Kewanee Star, on "Business Department in a Small City"; and W. L. Fay, Jacksonville Journal, on "Cash Box." The first evening was spent in a moonlight steamer excursion on the steamer "Dick Fowler" on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. "Dealing With the General Advertising Agents" was the subject of an address by H. N. Wheeler, Quincy Journal. Waldo P. Warren, advertising manager of Marshall Field and Company, Chicago, spoke on "The Improvement of Business Through Adver- tising." The Honorable B. M. Chiperfield, Canton, gave a paper entitled "Contempts of Courts as Regards Publications," followed by a paper by Charles C. Chain, Bushnell Democrat, on "The Other Fellow." J. H. Barton, Carbondale Herald, made informal remarks on "Old Fashioned Journalism." Dr. J. F. Snyder, Virginia, editor of the American Archaeologist, addressed the Association on "The Relation of the Public Press to the Illinois State Historical Society." He said in part: "The State Historical Society of Illinois — as you may know — is not the offspring of the Illinois Press Association. In fact, you are totally unacquainted with us; and the state, as a body politic, was, until the past session of the Legislature unaware of its existence. Contrary to accepted theories of biologists, our society is the product of spontaneous generation, a verification of Prof. Huxley's 'protoplasmic evolution.' On May 19, 1899, less than a dozen of us — not of the editorial profession, however — met by appointment at the State University at Urbana, and there agreed upon a plan for form- ing a State Historical Society. In June, following, we perfected its organization at Springfield, by adopting a constitution, electing officers, paying our dues, and incor- Illinois Newspaper l)nu< iory and History porating the society. Steadily gaining strength, we have since held regular meetings, and given to the public the results of our labors in three volumes of annual Transactions, and have a fourth volume almost in readiness for the printer. "Iowa has erected a stately marble building for its historical department at the expenditure of $400,000. Wisconsin has recently installed its historical department in a palace of polished granite costing over $600,000, while in the great commonwealth of Illinois — ranking among the states of this mighty republic, first in railway mileage, second in wealth, and third in population and educational institutions, its State His- torical Society is yet without a home, and but a tenant at will, or by surfrance, of the Historical Library." A motion was carried that a committee of five be appointed to meet with the State Historical Society. A paper by W. M. Goudy, Fairfield Press, was read, on "Mechanical Lines." The officers elected were: President, Charles Bradshaw, Carrollton Patriot; Vice Presidents, J. C. Coulson, La Harpe La Harper; Eugene L'Hote, Milford Herald; Miss Bessie Turner, Cairo Citizen; Secretary. J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat; Treasurer, William T. Bedford, LaSalle Tribune; Executive Committee, A. R. \'m Skivor. Streator Free Press; J. M. Rapp, Fairfield Record; M. F. Walsh, Harvard Herald; Auditing Committee, E. M. Johnson, Pontiac Free Trade Observer; Terry Simmons, Marseilles Plaindealer; J. \\ ■'. Wild, Nokomis Free Press-Gazette; Legislative Committee, E. A. Snively, Springfield. A second steamboat excursion was taken at the end of the meeting. During the meeting the Woman's Club gave an afternoon reception, a theatre party was given, and the members were also entertained at an "At Home" at the home of Mr. George Parsons. Memorials were given to the late W. W. Watts of the Nashville Journal, by John M. Rapp, Fairfield Record; to the late John Henry Hodder of the Aurora Daily and Semi-Weekly Beacon, by C. B. Mead, Geneva Republican; and the late Eustace E. Shaw of the Dixon Telegraph, by H. U. Bailey, Princeton Republican. The Thirty-Ninth Annual Session of the Illinois Press Association was held at Galesburg, February 16. 17 and IS, 19(14. The Mayor, George Shumway, welcomed the assemblage in the Central Congregational Church, and the Honorable E. A. Snivels responded in behalf of the Association. In his address Mr. Snively made the following statement: "The Illinois Press Association was organized thirty-eight years ago. in the neighboring city of Peoria, the prime mover in its organization being Mr. John \\ . Bailey, recently deceased, and who for more than forty years, was the editor of the Princeton Republican. The object of the organization was purely a business one. and thus it comes about that ours is one of the oldest business organizations in the state. It has been the pleasure of the Association to meet in many of the enter- prising cities of the state, and in this way our members have not only become acquainted with the state and been brought in close touch with all the various enterprises, but it has given them an opportunity to tell their readers about the cities they have visited." The President, Charles Bradshaw of the Carrollton Patriot made an address, saving in part: "The assassination of President 1 incoln in 1865 was reported by leading dailies in a few columns. That of President McKinley in 1901 filled many pages. As late as 1886, 165 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History the New York World reported the battle of Majuba Hill in six lines. A similar event today in the same distant quarter of the globe would occupy a page. During the Spanish- American war newspaper correspondents wrote and cabled reports of battles that were not only news, but were splendid literary productions as well. "In five or six thousand years the printer progressed from cuneiform characters on sun-baked bricks to squeezed impressions from type on a hand press. The editor of the brick and he of the hand-pressed sheet recorded events in much the same crude and abbreviated fashion. Do not misunderstand me. There were great editors in ante-bellum times, but they had no conception of handling news, which is now the main business of the newspaper. The news editor has made greater progress in 5 years than in 5,000. "The business end of newspaper making is also almost wholly a product of the past forty or fifty years. Circulation building was impossible before the day of fast presses, dense population and rapid transit. The advertising branch of the business grew out of circulation building. Thirty years ago, about the time 'patent insides' were invented, there were comparatively few country editors who knew where the money was coming from to pay for the next week's C.O.D. package. In contrast with that condition, I recently learned from an authentic source, that the editor of one of the best country newspapers in Illinois — and, of course, a member of this Association — had been offered a salary of several thousand dollars a year to manage a banking institution in one of the large cities of the Mississippi valley. It is a generally accepted fact now that a successful newspaper publisher is a good business man. "But all this development in printing, in editing and in business management has not, of a sudden, reached perfection and stopped short. The next twenty years may see a greater revolution in newspaper making than the past forty. Progress is in the air and it infects every line of work. A young physician told me the other day that he was going away for a month or two to take a post-graduate course; that to keep up with the times in medical science it is absolutely necessary to take such a course periodically. "There are no post-graduate courses for the newspaper man, but an excellent substitute is provided in the annual meeting of the Press Association. Here he gets the advantage of many experiences and the most advanced ideas, and he finds inspiration for better efforts. The editor who attends these gatherings is better equipped for busi- ness and is able to get out, and keep out, of the ruts." E. A. Snively of the Committee To Meet With the Illinois State Historical Society, Judge McCullough and General Orendorf spoke on the agreement of the representatives of the Illinois Press Association and of the Historical Society that all publishers of news- papers in Illinois should become members of the State Historical Society upon condition that the publishers send one copy of their regular publications to the Historical Society to be kept as permanent history. It was moved that a circular containing all points of this resolution be sent to every member of the Association, requesting them to send their publications to the Historical Society. The annual address was given by H. N. Wheeler, Quincy Journal. S. K. Strother, Taylorville Courier, spoke on the subject, "Type-setting Machines in a Country Office," recommending the Mergenthaler machine. He answered questions on the subject. Horace Crihfield, Atlanta Argus, spoke on "Subscriptions — How to Secure," and Charles Warner, Hoopeston Chronicle, on "Collecting Agencies." W. L. Jones, Lebanon Journal, read a paper on "Value of Premiums." He was followed by George Burt, Henry Republican, with a discussion of "Subscriptions — Personal Solicitation"; and by Victor H. Haven, Greenfield Argus, on "Clubbing" as a means of securing subscriptions. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History At the invitation of the trustees of Knox College, the visiting editors attended the evening exercises of Knox College Founder's Day. The principal speaker of the evening was the Honorable James H. Eckels, a trustee of the institution and former comptroller of the currency of the United States, who spoke on "Public Opinion." General Smith D. Atkins, Freeport Journal, read a paper on "The Parcels Post." J. W. Becker, Jerseyville Republican, continued on the same subject. A motion was made and carried that the Committee on Resolutions be instructed to prepare a proper resolution asking the members of Congress to oppose the passage of the Hearst Parcels Post bill. This resolution was later made and adopted. "Contempt of Court" was discussed by John M. Rapp, Fairfield Record. "Country Correspondence" was covered in papers by H. A. David, Winchester Herald, and Clinton Bliss, Hillsboro News. DeWitt C. Owen, Dixon Star, spoke on "Will the Job Depart- ment Take Care of Itself?" answering the question most emphatically, "No." As the last President of the Association had been a Republican, W. W. Lowis, Greenville Advocate, nominated John M. Rapp, Fairfield Record, a Democrat, who was unanimously elected. The other officers elected were: Vice Presidents, J. B. Castle, Sandwich Argus; J. W. Becker, Jerseyville Republican; Miss Bessie Turner, Cairo Tele- gram; Secretary, J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat; Treasurer, Victor H. Haven, Green- field Argus; Executive Committee, A. R. Van Skivor, Streator Free Press; S. K. Strother, Taylorville Courier; M. F. Walsh, Harvard Herald; Auditing Committee, Terry Sim- mons, Marseilles Plaindealer; E. M. Johnson, Pontiac Free Trade Observer; J. \V. Wild, Nokomis Free Press Gazette; Legislative Committee, E. A. Snivel)', Springfield. A memorial on the late John W. Bailey of the Bureau County Republican, founder of the Association, was read by George Burt, Henry Republican. A banquet was given at the close of the meeting by the Galesburg Commercial Club. 167 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Chapter VII Jonathan Quilldriver Considers The Fortieth Annual Session was held at the Lexington Hotel, Chicago, May 24, 25 and 26, 1905, President John M. Rapp, Fairfield Record, in charge. In his address the President touched upon a number of points which the members of the Committee on the President's Address commented on as follows: That they joined him in urging that the country press of Illinois be kept up to a high standard; that they approved of his opinion that rural free delivery was a benefit; that they recommended with the President that publishers maintain their prices, and also endeavor to have truthful statements of circulation published in newspaper directories; and that they endorsed his stand that newspaper publishers do all in their power to educate the people to the desirability of good roads. A. W. Charles, Carmi Democrat, gave an address on "The Relation of the Editor to the Politician." He was followed by Miss Mary Davidson, Carthage Republican, who spoke on "Auxiliary Press Associations." She said in part: "J. C. Adams of the Peotone Vedette writes: 'I am sorry to say that the Eastern Illinois Press Association is defunct. It flourished for a time, but there was not enough community of interest to hold it together.' "Mr. Perry Hughes of the Clinton Register states: 'The Central Illinois Press Asso- ciation is dead, possibly from lack of attendance and interest. There is talk of reviving it, but I am not advised of a meeting for that purpose.' "Hon. A. R. Van Skivor, Free Press, Streator, informs me: 'The LaSalle County Press Association has existed for a number of years. It has served a good purpose in a social way. It has enabled the members to become personally acquainted and in that way has done good. It has served too, to disseminate useful information concerning the business; but has undertaken no great things and in this it has doubtless been fortu- nate. We meet twice a year. At the mid-winter meeting we have a program of some sort. In the summer we usually hold a bit of a picnic, and transact our business, elections, etc' "Hon. M. F. Walsh, Harvard, writes that the 'Republican Press Association of the Tenth District has a meeting about once a year and the business transaction amounts to very little. From the standpoint of a social gathering it has many features that are of benefit to the members in our district. We have never taken up the idea of presenting a program as some other district associations do.' Mr. Walsh kindly continues: 'I would suggest that you write to Mr. J. W. Clinton, Polo, Illinois, an ex-president of the Illinois State Press Association, and who, though now retired from newspaper business, can very likely give you information along the line of county press associations, as he was instru- mental in forming the Ogle County Press Association, and was ardent in our annual State Association in advocating the idea of county press meetings.' Ii i i\oi> Ni wspaper Directory and History "Gratefully following Mr. Walsh's suggestion, I wrote to Mr. Clinton who is now the President of the Polo Historical Society, who replied as follows: 'Ogle County had a press association in the late 80's and early 90's which brought the editors of the county together and helped them to agree not to slaughter each other, and to get them together on legal rates and reports. Then it was dropped, but its good effects were not all lost. The Military Tract, Republican, Democratic, Woman's of Chicago and Southern Illinois Associations are in some sense children of the Illinois Press Association. DeKalb County also had an association, as did Jo Daviess County.' "The most sturdy and robust child of the State Association is the Military Tract Press Association. The Tract comprises all territory lying between the Mississippi and Illinois rivers to the north boundary line of Henry and Bureau counties, including nineteen counties. Its membership represents about 200 papers. In spite of its present sufferance of petticoat rule, it is in a flourishing condition. Meetings are held semi- annuallv in January and July, at which times programs rich with theory and practice are presented. The summer meeting generally includes a pleasure excursion of some nature. In the past history of this organization valiant action on legislative reforms for the country press was undertaken. There is a tradition that this Association assisted the Legislature to pass the bill compelling township officers to publish annual statements. This Association was active when the newspaper libel law was amended. Certain news- papers taking an unfair advantage of this amendment, it stood for two years only. A committee also waited upon the Legislature to see that it did not repeal the law requiring the assessment roll to be published each year. The Tract Association has a history replete with thoughtful discussions of journalistic topics, a general broadening of all members along professional and ethical lines, to say nothing of delightful social features. "While there is opportunity in these associations for a gratifying development of skill in strategic movements for the good of the cause, there lurks also the hazard which may, in the twinkling of the eye, cast such an organization from the sublime to the ridiculous. "A few years ago, Hancock County assayed a county press association. The press of the county was called together at Carthage to organize and to deliberate on matters pertaining to the welfare of the craft. The call appealed to the Hancock members of the Tract Association to get the other county editors interested and see that they were at the meeting. Our paper being the only representative of the Tract Association in the city, it devolved upon your orator to get our six contemporaries, job printers and newspaper men in line and make a good showing for the town. I record with some sorrow, that the state of affection existing between these aforesaid contemporaries, was such that water and oil would be a simple soluble compound compared to getting these good friends of ours together in a common cause. The meeting met. The press of the county was well represented, Chadwickian pressure bringing out a full delegation for Carthage. After election of officers, the first official act of this august body was to impose an initiation fee of $1.00, payable upon the passage of this act. After each present had become enfranchised by a grim performance of this duty, the business pro- ceeded. It developed that the press of the county had been deliberately defrauding itself of a rightful and equitable remuneration for publishing the annual assessment roll. The law says, in short, that newspapers shall not receive to exceed three cents the name, but if impossible to secure publication at that price the publication thereof shall be let to the lowest and best bidder at a price not to exceed five cents the name. Hancock County publishers were accepting the three-cent rate. Why not get together and demand the 169 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History five-cent rate which the law allowed? Certainly. Why not? By resolution it was so ordered. Those publishers not present were to be seen and instructed. Everybody solemnly agreed. On the appointed day, a committee representing the Hancock County Press Association waited upon our county trtasurer with the aforesaid resolutions and signatures. After hearing their story, the sympathetic treasurer turned sad eyes on them and said, 'Gentlemen, it won't go. One of your number has turned Judas and submitted a bid for the whole thing at three cents.' That ended the effort. The matter was dropped and the assessment lists were distributed to the various publishers over the county at three cents as usual, but Judas did not get a line. The Hancock County Press Associa- tion has not yet recovered from that blow, and its treasurer still holds the initiatory cash. So endeth the first lesson. It would seem that the newspaper fraternity is like a fortuitus concourse of fleas — not to be depended on collectively but individually they understand their business." After Miss Mary Davidson had read the foregoing paper on "Auxiliary Press Asso- ciations," Mr. W. F. Eastman, Dispatch, Moline, said: "I would like to state to the writer of the very able paper that she missed one of the very able associations. We have two auxiliary associations; one social which meets every month; a very pleasant associa- tion of about 80 members; average attendance every month about forty. The other is known as a business association; it is purely business and non-partisan in feeling; it is for the purpose of getting the publishers together; both of these associations have been valuable to us. I refer to the Tri-City Press Club and the Tri-City Publishers' Asso- ciation." H. F. Downing, Virginia Enquirer, read a paper on "Home Prints vs. Patents." It was moved by E. A. Snively, Springfield, that Owen Scott, Decatur Herald; Charles Boeschenstein, Edwardsville Intelligencer, and Morris Emmerson, Lincoln News-Herald, be appointed a committee to inquire into the feasibility of employing an agent whose duty it shall be to purchase supplies, as well as act as advertising agent for the members of the Association. The motion was adopted. "Advertising Rates" was the subject of a discussion led by W. L. Fay, Jacksonville Journal. Mr. Woodward, advertising manager of White City, was present and invited the members to visit White City. The annual address was given by Morris Emmerson, Lincoln News-Herald. E. A. Snively, Springfield, reported on the Legislative matters in which the Association was interested. A. W. Glessner, Galena Gazette, read a paper on "Co-operative Buying." The next topic was "Cost of Plates" by John M. Onstott, Petersburg Democrat, followed by "Cost of Patents" by Eugene L'Hote, Milford Herald. J. V. Beatty, Nunda Herald, read a paper on "Prices for Display Advertising, Weekly," and A. R. Van Skivor, Streator Free Press, a paper on "Relation of the News- papers to the Railroads." Dudley Walker, advertising manager for the C. & A., Chicago, then discussed "Relation of the Railroads to the Newspapers," and some comments fol- lowed on the use and misuse of railroad passes by newspaper men. C. D. Tufts, Centralia Democrat, read an essay entitled, "Why Should Not a Bachelor Editor Marry?" The officers elected for 1905-1906 were: President, J. B. Castle, Sandwich Argus; Vice Presidents, Clarence F. Buck, Republican-Atlas, Monmouth; Edwin Dyson, Rush- ville Times; Miss Mary Davidson, Carthage Republican; Secretary, J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat; Treasurer, Victor Haven, Greenfield Argus; Executive Committee, M. F. Walsh, Harvard Herald; A. R. Van Skivor, Streator Free Press; S. K. Strother, Taylor- 170 Ii i [Nois Ni wspaper Directory and History ville Courier; Auditing Committee, J. W. Wild, Nokomis Free Press Gazette; E. M. Johnson, Pontiac Free Press Observer; Terry Simmons, Marseilles Plaindealer; Legislative- Committee, Honorable E. A. Snively, Springfield. A memorial tribute in honor of the late Henry Woodruff of the Franklin Park Press-News was read. 1906 The Forty-First Annual Session was held in Chicago on June 6, 7 and 8, 1906. After the appointment of the regular committees and some general discussion, the Presi- dent, J. B. Castle, Sandwich Argus, gave his annual address. S. W. Culp, Morrisonville Times, read a paper on "Pills and Papers in Patent Medicine." He said in part: "I used my paper to advertise aconite, ammonia, anise, and aloes; belladonna, bergamot, bismuth and bloodroot, camphor, cascarets, cardamon, and caffeine, digitallis, duotal and dogwood; euphorbium, eucalyptus, emulsions, and elixirs; ferrum, oxydatum saccharum, soluble green soap, hydrogen peroxide, insect powder, jaborandi kali, tararicum, boraxicum, lactic acid, milkweed cream, nutgall, oint- ments, pills, quinine, rat poison, soaps, talcum powder, euguentums, veratrum, wahoo bitters, yello puccoon, and zinc oxide. This advertising brought me new business and I tell a true tale when I say I repeated my experience to others and thereby got them to take space in my paper and reap the benefits to be enjoyed by using its columns." Mr. Culp was followed by H. W. Jones, Ipava Independent, on "The Public Print- ing." The Secretary read a paper by W. B. Davis, Mt. Sterling Democrat-Message, on "The Twice-a-Week." Instead of having many papers read, the Executive Committee had planned a Question Box, to which the members could bring such questions as they desired dis- cussed. During question session discussion took place on water power and gasoline motors, and on the publication of the Session Laws. The Honorable W. J. White of Ottawa, Canada, representative of the Canadian Government, was introduced and invited the Association to take a trip into Canada. A motion was carried to accept the invitation. The President announced that the popular wish was to have the excursion after August 21. Terry Simmons, Marseilles Plaindealer, entertained the Association with an essay on "Why Should a Bachelor Editor Marry?" B. B. Herbert of National Printer- Journalist, Chicago, presented a paper on "The Influence of Press Organizations on the Newspapers of America." The annual address was given by the Honorable Owen Scott of the Decatur Herald on "The Mission of the Press." The next two papers on the program were "Auxiliary Newspapers," by William G. Dustin of the Dwight Star-Herald, and "A Country Editor's Experience in Washington," by Clinton Bliss, Hillsboro News. "Mutual Fire Insurance — Could It Be Made to Benefit the Country Editor?" was the subject of a talk by John M. Rapp, Fairfield Record. E. A. Snively, Springfield, requested that the Postal Committee be discharged and offered a resolution that the Association co-operate with whatever course the committee might take in regard to the Circular No. 25. The officers elected for the ensuing year were: President, H. N. Wheeler, Quincy Journal; Vice Presidents, Miss Mary Davidson, Carthage Republican; J. M. Sheets, Oblong Oracle; Charles B. Mead, Geneva Republican; Secretary, J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat; Treasurer, H. A. David, Winchester Herald; Executive Committee, S. K. 171 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Strother, Taylorville Courier; M. F. Walsh, Harvard Herald; A. R. Van Skivor, Streator Free Press; Auditing Committee, Eugene L'Hote, Milford Herald; J. W. Wild, Nokomis Free Press Gazette; E. M. Johnson, Pontiac Free Press Observer; Legislative Committee, Honorable E. A. Snively. Mr. Malaney of the Packing House Association invited the members to visit the Armour-Swift packing houses, in order to see that conditions were not so unfavorable as some newspapers had described them. The invitation was accepted. Memorial papers were read in honor of the late A. W. Lindbeck of the Sorento Blade, by W. W. Lowis of the Greenville Advocate; the late Arthur Bentley of the Pike County Times, by the Honorable Harry Higbee; the late Mark Ruggles of the Mendota Sun-Bulletin, by Otto Kieselback of the Mendota Post; and the late J. M. Bush, Pike County Democrat, from the Pike County Democrat of June 13, 1906, by Mr. Snively. 1907 The Forty-Second Annual Session of the Illinois Press Association was held in Peoria on June 4, S and 6, 1907. The President, H. N. Wheeler, Quincy Journal, pre- sided. Mayor O'Conner of the city of Peoria welcomed the editors, and E. A. Snively, Springfield, made the response. The President gave his address stressing the need of new members for the Asso- ciation; recommending programs of more variety, and with outside speakers of repute; and condemning the "demoralizing and degrading" comic supplements issued by the metropolitan papers and some of the larger country papers. The Honorable William Hawley Smith, Peoria, spoke to the members on his reminiscences of Bill Nye. E. A. Snively, Springfield, brought up the question of the Association having an agent in Chicago to contract for foreign advertising and the pur- chase of material. The committee that had been appointed to look into the question had not acted, and Mr. Snively moved that the next President and Secretary be instructed to investigate the matter and report their judgment to the Association. The motion was carried. A discussion was held as to whether time tables should be published as news, as railroad advertising, or at all. A rising vote was taken which showed that all but half a dozen persons in the room were there by the courtesy of the railroads. The members made a trip to Bartonville, where they visited the buildings of the home for the insane, and were served dinner in the dining hall. Doctor Zellar of the institution addressed the Association on the work there, and answered the questions of the members. Officers were elected as follows: President, J. Crawford Adams, Peotone Vedette; Vice Presidents, Miss Mary Davidson, Carthage Republican; J. M. Sheets, Oblong Oracle; Charles B. Mead, Geneva Republican; Secretary, J. M. Page, Jersey ville Democrat; Treasurer, H. A. David, Girard Anchor; Executive Committee, John M. Rapp, Fairfield Record; S. K. Strother, Taylorville Courier; M. F. Walsh, Harvard Herald; Auditing Committee, A. T. Cowan, Tri-Country Press, Polo; Eugene L'Hote, Milford Herald; J. W. Wild, Nokomis Free Press Gazette; Legislative Committee, Honorable E. A. Snively, Springfield. A. N. Johnson, State Highway Engineer, addressed the Association on "Work of the Illinois Highway Commission," and was questioned at great length on road matters. A paper by Hal W. Trovillion, Herrin News, on "A Criticism of Country Journalism," though not read during the meeting was printed in the minutes. A banquet was held at the Creve Coeur Club. Illinois \i wspaper Directory and History The Forty-Third Annual Session of the Illinois Press Association was held at Champaign June 2, 3 and 4. 1908. The President. J. Crawford Adams, Peotone Vedette, introduced B. F. Harris, President of the Champaign Chamber of Commerce, who gave the welcoming address. The President gave his address, bringing up the following points which were upheld by the Committee on the President's Address: That every newspaper publisher in Illinois should belong to the Association; that the publishers should oppose the Parcels Post System; that a Postal Savings Bank should be established; that all the laws of Illinois should be published in. all of the newspapers of Illinois; and that the state should levy a two-mill tax for school purposes. As the year of the meeting was the 5 0th anniversary of the Lincoln-Douglas debates in Illinois, a part of the program was devoted to a review of the events that occurred in 185 8. The Honorable W. T. Davidson of Lewiston spoke on Stephen A. Douglas. A reception committee was appointed to make the meetings pleasant for the new members. President Adams, in presenting Prof. Frank W. Scott of the Universitv of Illinois, referred to the establishment of a Department of Journalism, or a course leading to Journalism at the university. Professor Scott was then called on to speak on Journalism at the University of Illinois and gave the following address: The Illinois "Course" in 1908 "Mr. Chairman, and Ladies and Gentlemen of the Illinois Press Association: I shall have to correct the statement of your President in saying that we have a course in Journalism at the University of Illinois. We have a course in preparation for Journalism in the University of Illinois. I am supposed to be here this morning to tell you how we go about giving this course in preparation for Journalism. I want to begin bv telling you two or three things we are not doing. In the first place we are not giving any advice to practical, successful newspaper men and women. We do not know half as much about the newspaper business as any one of you who is running a paper knows, and we do not expect to know as much in a practical way as any of you. "In the second place, we are not saying that we are turning out finished journalists or finished newspaper men or women, when we graduate students. We are not. We are trying to turn out men who are a little better fitted to go to work along that line. "What we are trying to do, takes a little more time to tell, but it is not anv more important. I want to emphasize this point of what we are not trying to do, in order to clear up a misunderstanding. Practical newspaper men have questioned the advisa- bility or use of trying to teach anything about the newspaper business in college. I want to try to tell you here that I think we can do something along that line that will be profitable. In the first place, we believe newspaper men can never be too well educated, if you mean by education, that form of knowledge which makes a man better able to handle himself, better able to use the English language, to think consecutively, and produce ideas. I do not mean by education that half-baked condition in which a man sometimes comes out of college, thinking he knows a good deal more than the people who sent him there. I mean the sensible young man who has had college training, to teach him how to use his brains and put them to a use a little different from the use that other men's brains are put to, not any better perhaps, but a little different. "The idea is not a new one — teaching Journalism in college; we are not really Illinois Newspaper Directory and History starting anything here: We are following a suggestion that really started about twenty- five years ago; at Yale, I think, it was first proposed that colleges should give such training as would help a man prepare for a journalistic career. That idea has continued in a very slight way to develop, and it is now six years since Mr. Pulitzer, who is thor- oughly practical, suggested and planned a Journalistic School for Columbia. That school has not materialized, not because it was badly planned, but because of a slight difference or disagreement between Mr. Pulitzer and Columbia. The money is now held in trust by Mr. Pulitzer to be used by Columbia when he dies. He does not care particularly what they do with it after he cannot be annoyed with it. At the present time, similar courses are being organized in various schools, notably in Kansas, Missouri and Indiana. "I was interested the other day to receive a course, established in a nearby state, that to my surprise resembled ours so nearly, that I had difficulty in telling which was ours and which was theirs. The fact that these two courses, organized independently, neither knowing what the other had done, were so nearly alike, leads me to think that we are both on either the right or the wrong track; only time can tell which. But the idea of college training for journalism, it seems to me, is not an idea that is wrong. "It has not been a great many years when men thought teaching law in the college was wrong and it has not been much longer since medical practitioners thought the only way to learn medicine was to be as an apprentice in some doctor's office. Those ideals have been passed by, and both courses are proven to be of practical value, as the colleges turn out men who become prominent doctors and lawyers. I think the same thing will hold or apply to the newspaper profession. "I do not believe any profession in which the colleges have taken up instruction, has ever been injured by the work of the college or university. I think on the contrary, it has been helped and it may be possible that we can help the profession of newspaper men, help them to become good newspaper men, more nearly than if they had begun by sweeping out and picking up broken type off the composing room floor. "What we are trying to do is fully outlined in this pamphlet which you will be given over at the library today. This gives fully just what we are trying to do. I am merely outlining it now, and shall be glad to answer any questions in regard to it. "The course is made up of three different kinds of instruction; in the first place, regular class room instruction in all except the technical courses in journalistic work; in the second place, lectures by men engaged in newspaper work, and in the third place, instruction and exercises in practical newspaper writing, editing, and managing. We have had about 12 lectures this year, including one gentleman whom I see with us this morning, and including the editor of one of the leading Chicago papers and the editor of the New York Evening Post, who came and stayed a week giving instruction to classes. In this way we try to round out the course of training so that a man will be pretty well prepared to go into a newspaper office and start to work. In the first two years at college, the work is practically the work of the College of Literature and Arts, including English Composition, English Language, European History, and beginning the course in Economics. In the second year, English Composition is continued, and let me say here, that we do not mean high school essays or commencement orations. We mean writing of plain, simple English, not flowery, but in other words, plain English sentences, as smooth and plain as we can teach them to write, and still bring out the idea. In the second year, they also take up the principles of Economics and they also take a course in American Government and a course in Public Finance. "In the third year, they get the first strictly newspaper work. Besides that, they have U. S. History, and History of Commerce, a course in Municipal Government, federal Administration, and American Diplomacy. There is a course also in third year 174 Ii i isois Newspaper Directory and History in History of Commercial Policy of the U. S., and a course in Statistical Mathematics. I do not mean that they take all of these things; they choose from them in their second year, and take all the University allows them to take. "They get their first course in newspaper writing also in the third year. I start them out by as careful an explanation as I can make in the class room of what it means to report — of what news value is, how to find news that is of interest, what is news, and what is not, how to tell it, what form to put it in, what to say, and what not to say — the same kind of instruction as every city editor has to give the new reporter when he starts out to try his hand at reporting something; that course goes through one year; they spend six hours a week at that; the copy they turn in, I edit in class. The copy is returned in its somewhat marked up condition, to let them see what they have done, and what they have not done. "In the fourth year, they have Political Philosophy, Constitutional and Political History of the U. S., and Sociology and a number of others; they take as many of these as they can, and they go on from their reporting to more extended news writing. I try to teach them how to take a small piece of significant news here, and another piece there, and show the total significance. This is the hardest sort of thing to do in all newspaper work, except to avoid offending any of your advertisers. I send them for interviews, and a good many of the business men around here will testify to how they are pestered, by the students coming to interview them, and the same is true of all the men connected with the university. They are sent out to interview these men, to get facts, and write them up, and the local papers very frequently use that material. I think I may safely say that students from this class room work turn in to the local papers of the two towns, especially Champaign, from a column to three columns a day. which is the result almost entirely of their class room assignment. In the second semester of the Senior year, we take up a course in Editing, and Editorial Writing. You cannot expect the average student, of course, to have any great number of ideas that are going to revolutionize public opinion, but you can expect them to have some ideas along some of these lines, and you can teach them some of the methods of expressing those ideas, what they may safely say, and what they may not. "All of this put together, forms only just a course which we feel will turn out students better able, when they go into newspaper work, to go in with their eyes open, and with some knowledge of the difficulties they are going to meet; it does give them some newspaper ideals, and I think does not impair at all, their value as cub newspaper men. — Frank W. Scott." No reference to the journalism course as such is recorded in the resolutions passed at this meeting, although a general resolution commending the University of Illinois and the members of the faculty who had a part in the meeting, was passed. Milton Bucklin, editor of Judicious Advertising, Chicago, addressed the meeting on "Retail Advertising." Terry Simmons, Marseilles Plaindealer, read the address that he had given before the LaSalle County Press Association on "Publishing the State Laws." He offered a resolution that there should be some action taken to cause the state legislature to pass a law providing for the publication of the session laws each year thirty days before they take effect. His motion that a committee be appointed to investigate the matter was accepted. Memorials were read in honor of the late Judge James B. Bradwell, Chicago Legal News, by E. A. Snively, Springfield, and the late F. W. Havill, Mt. Carmel Register, taken from the Mt. Carmel Register, by John M. R.ipp, Fairfield Record. Officers for 1908-1909 were elected: President, S. K. Strother, Tavlorville Courier; Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Vice Presidents, George W. Hughes, Clinton Register; G. A. Crowden, Ottawa Fair- dealer; Secretary, J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat; Treasurer, Eugene P. L'Hote, Milford Herald; Executive Committee, Terry Simmons, Marseilles Plaindealer; Charles W. Warner, Hoopeston Chronicle; John M. Rapp, Fairfield Record; Auditing Committee, J. W. Wild, Nokomis Free Press Gazette; Eugene L'Hote, Milford Herald; A. T. Cowan, Polo Tri-County Press; Legislative Committee, Honorable E. A. Snively, Springfield. A Good Fellowship Supper was given the members of the Association by the Champaign Chamber of Commerce. Mr. B. F. Harris was toastmaster, and toasts were given by Mr. George W. Gere, a Champaign lawyer; General Smith D. Atkins of the Freeport Journal; Congressman William B. McKinley; Mr. Wallace Bruce Amsbary; Milton Bucklin of Judicious Advertising, Chicago; Dr. Edmund J. James, President of the University of Illinois; and President Adams of the Illinois Press Association. 1909 The Forty-Fourth Annual Session of the Illinois Press Association was held at Ottawa on June 16, 17 and 18, 1909. The President, S. K. Strother, Taylorville Courier, introduced the Mayor of Ottawa, James F. Farrell, who welcomed the members. General Smith D. Atkins of the Freeport Journal responded. President Strother gave his address, urging high standards and increased member- ship for the Association. He said in part: Strother's View oi an Editor in 1909 "There is no other line of professional endeavor to compare with the editor's work. You have all heard more or less about the unique position occupied by the editor, and it is unique when you come to consider it soberly and thoughtfully. The President of the Mississippi Press Association, in his recent annual address, offered the suggestion in all seriousness, that men or women who desired to become editors of newspapers should be required to pass a regular set and formal examination before being allowed to enter upon the work. We have not read his address and do not know what reasons he advanced in support of his suggestion. But if he thought an examination along educational lines would necessarily elevate and ennoble the editorial profession, he was mistaken. It is not more text book knowledge we need, but more soul, more courage to live worthily, and strive mightily for the right, and these things cannot be put to the test of a formal examination. "Only a few physicians, lawyers, or ministers, who pass even creditable examinations rise to eminence or distinction in their professions. Many of them score failures, and the great majority of them are content to live in the indifference of mediocrity. Exami- nations did not save them. It is that which is born within the moral organism which makes the man a power in life for good or evil. Artificial acquirements may not take the place of this power, but they may add to, or take from it, as the nature of our education or training may be. "The position of the editor is a higher one in moral dignity and power than that occupied by the minister, or the lawyer, or the physician, and it is our fault if we do not sustain it properly. The editor in every community is more or less criticized, if he makes himself felt at all, for everything he says, and he should have something to say on the right side of every question affecting the welfare or morality of his community. Not the narrow morality of the decalogue, but the morality of civic government, the practical equities of life. To enable him to do this he must possess a stiffer moral fiber than the average minister, many of whom are paralyzed at critical times by liberal pew 176 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History holders who have 'axes to grind' and who do not hesitate to enter into alliance with the worst influences to get what the) want. The lawyer in too many cases is enlisted on one side of the selfish interests, whose representatives are often the liberal pew holders who keep the minister in meek subjection. The minister mindful of his job, keeps a discreet silence, while a fat fee, or a seat in congress or the legislature, holds the lawyer, and gives him a chance to sell his vote and influence, and along with them his manhood. The physician consciously and unconsciously bends to the same influence, and thus we have the educated force of the community, the diploma and the sheepskin class in an equivocal position in nearly every contest waged for the betterment of human conditions. "Upon the editor of the newspaper rests the brunt of the fight for civic righteous- ness. Besides the moral stamina of the preacher, the ability of the lawyer, and the skill ot the physician, he must possess courage, for the powers of unrighteousness, whether in the form of anti-local option, a new issue in Illinois, or special privilege, or what not, are strongly intrenched and vindictive and the editor of the newspaper which assails them, faces certain business losses, and even bodily harm. "The average editor occupies a higher position than the average minister, lawyer. or physician, because, unlike them, he is not deterred by fear of 'losing his job' or bodily harm from using the great influence of his position to advance the cause of moral prog- ress, and increase the sum of human content by striking at special privilege in the manifold forms in which it presents itself. The true editor, one who is in love with his profession, and who is putting his soul, as well as his brain into it, pays no attention to the modern Iago when he says, 'Put money in thy purse.' The true editor puts private conscience and public duty and honor before money." Charles W. Warner, Hoopeston Chronicle, read a paper on "Printing Government Envelopes." Mr. Warner upheld the practice of the government in printing envelopes, and there was considerable discussion as the majority of the Association was opposed to that view. J. B. Castle, Sandwich Argus, offered a resolution that the Association oppose the United States Post Office Department printing the return card upon envelopes in competition with the printers and request congressmen to secure legislation against it. The resolution was referred to the Committee on Resolutions who later reported on it. It was carried almost unanimously, for in spite of a very heated discussion, it was found by a rising vote that only five members were opposed. A question box session was held, followed by general discussion. Memorial papers were read on the late Charles Holt, Kankakee Gazette, and the late W. F. Eastman of the Moline Dispatch. G. W. Hughes of the Clinton Register spoke on "The Real Country Editor." The Annual Address was given Wednesday evening in the Ottawa Theatre by Attorney General William H. Stead, his subject being "The Trail of the Yankee." The next topic was "Type-Setting Machines," taken up first by C. J. Lumpkin, Carlinville Enquirer, followed by G. A. Crowden, Ottawa Fairdealer, and E. E. Wil- liamson of the Griggsville Independent-Press. The matter of getting legislation passed as the Association desired it was discussed. E. A. Snivel}', Springfield, pointed out the fact that little could be accomplished without the co-operation of the committees and of all the members. The officers elected for 1909-1910 were: President, W. T. Bedford, LaSalle Tribune: Vice Presidents, H. F. Dorwin, Springfield State Journal; W. H. Freeman, Chicago Heights Signal; J. M. Sheets, Oblong Oracle; Secretary, J. M. Page, Jersey ville Democrat; Treasurer, Eugene P. L'Hote, Milford Herald; Executive Committee, S. K. Strother, Taylorville Courier; Auditing Committee, J. W. Wild, Nokomis Free Press Gazette; A. T. Cowan, Polo Tri-County Press; J. N. Stokes, Highland Journal; Legislative Com- mittee, Honorable E. A. Snively, Springfield. 177 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History About 175 members were present. The members visited the Federal Plate Glass Works, west of Ottawa. Entertainment was furnished in a visit to Marseilles where they were given a reception and buffet luncheon at the Marsatawa Country Club, a banquet at the Ottawa Tuberculosis Tent Colony, a reception and ball at the Ottawa Boat Club, and a boat trip down the Illinois river to Starved Rock. 1910 The Forty-Fifth Annual Session of the Illinois Press Association was held at the Chicago Beach Hotel, Chicago, on June 8, 9 and 10, 1910, President W. T. Bedford, LaSalle Tribune, presiding. The first item on the program was the address of President Bedford. He said in part: Bedford Calls for a School in 1910 "A subject, which I believe is one of the most important that the modern news- paper man is confronted with, is where to obtain trained and capable men in the news and editorial departments. The lawyer, the doctor, the engineer, all have their own technical schools or departments in the universities of the country, but until recently such technical training was not considered necessary for the newspaper man. Now, however, in a number of states in the union, a department of journalism is operated in connection with the state universities, probably the most complete institution of its kind being that in connection with the University of Missouri at Columbia. Here is given what is known as a newspaper laboratory course, in which is published daily the University Missourian. At Champaign the State of Illinois has a modest institution of the kind, but there is no reason why Illinois should not have a school of journalism as good as Missouri or any other state. I am indebted to President Edmund J. James and Professor Everts B. Green for the following information concerning the present course for the training of newspaper men at the Illinois state university: "The course in preparation for journalism is a part of the group of courses in business administration. It covers a period of four years and is intended to give the student such fundamental knowledge as will be most useful to him in the practical work of a newspaper office. The subjects which are regarded as most valuable in the training of the newspaper man and which constitute the main part of the course are the English language and literature, composition and rhetoric, economics, history, politi- cal science, philosophy and sociology. The study of these subjects is intended to give an easy familiarity with the English language and the ability to write fluently, simply and clearly, and also to cultivate soundness of judgment in recording and discussing present events and conditions by giving a thorough knowledge of the principles that lie at the basis of economic, social and political organization and activity. During the first two years the work is made up of general courses in English composition, language, industrial and political history, economics, etc., in the third and fourth years the work of the student is directed along special lines, first, in the pursuit of technical newspaper courses given by the department of English and rhetoric, and second, in the selection of such courses in history, political science, etc., as lay special emphasis in the particular branch of journalistic work toward which the student is inclined. "The technical newspaper courses — newspaper writing, advanced newspaper writ- ing, and editorial management — are so conducted as to enable the student to make as nearly practical application of his knowledge as possible. He is taught what news is, the best news form, and the use of good English. He is given easy assignments and required to get them in promptly. His work is taken up in class and edited, with com- 1 1 i inois Newspaper Directory and History merits and advice, by the instructor. Later he is given larger assignments, interviews, etc., and trained in copy reading and news editing. These courses follow as closely as possible actual newspaper practice and aim to give something of the practical supervision and advice which an editor would give a beginner. Instruction in these courses is of three kinds — first, regular class room instruction; second, lectures by men engaged in newspaper work; and third, exercises in practical newspaper writing, editing and man- aging. In the third kind of instruction the university publications and local newspapers afford opportunities for the student to get into print. Students are given assignments by local papers and conduct the college daily for a time each year. "Professor Green :: ' says: 'It is fully recognized by those in charge of the work that the University of Illinois has only made a beginning in journalism and is in fact far behind some other institutions in the work offered in this line. While we offer a few special courses on the literary side, we offer no courses at all on the business side of journalistic work — newspaper and magazine management. We have no model school and consequently our students have no adequate means of practice. To do the work properly, we need to expand our courses so as to include a course in the theory and practice of advertising; one in newspaper business methods including the publishing and advertising business, newspaper accounting, distribution, etc.; practice or laboratory courses in the det ails of printing a daily paper: a course in the history of journalism including not only the history of newspapers but the whole subject of the growth of the relation of public opinion and the press and all forms of periodical literature; and one in the law relating to publishing — copyright, libel, etc. "While university publications and local newspapers furnish some opportunity for practical work, the equipment of the university for instruction in this line is decidedly deficient. To do the work in journalism properly the university needs a fully equipped editorial and reportorial office and library and a printing plant capable of issuing a daily four-page paper of standard size. "The Illinois Daily Newspaper Association, of which I have the honor to be a member, placed itself on record last October as favoring the enlargement and strengthen- ing of the present university course and furnishing of the equipment necessary to prac- tical education in journalism. A committee consisting of Messrs. H. E. Baldwin (Joliet News), Thomas Rees (Springfield Register), and Fred E. Sterling (Rockford Register- Gazette) was appointed to co-operate with the university people in securing the neces- sary appropriation for the enlargement of the present course. "I believe that the Illinois Press Association should do likewise, and therefore recom- mend the adoption of suitable resolutions at this meeting, and the appointing of a committee, who shall co-operate with the committees of other associations and with the university authorities to the end that legislation may be secured which will make possible the extensions of the course of journalism and which will provide funds for the proper equipment of the proposed 'laboratory' course." The Committee on the President's Address reported the following which related to another section of his address: That they agreed with him that the cash in advance and a fixed advertising rate would be mutually beneficial to publisher and patrons; that all free advertising matter should be referred to the waste basket; and that they sug- gested that the President appoint an Advisory Committee of one member from each Congressional District, whose duty it should be to seek new members in his district. His stand on the professional school and the welfare of the profession were given the approval of the Association. John R. Marshall, Yorkville Record, spoke on "Free Advertising," and the topic was then given further discussion. The President introduced Mr. Herbert E. Fleming, secre- Professor Evans Boutwell Crnn. de-n of the colleRC of Lil-r-ture jrH Arts. U. of I. 179 Illinois Newspaper. Directory and History tary and general manager of the Illinois Civil Service Reform Association, who requested members to inform their readers of the advantages of the merit system over the spoils system. Thomas Rees, Springfield State Register, read a paper on "An Experience with Mr. Raffles." J. Hamilton Lewis was introduced and gave an address received with vigorous applause and general appreciation. A motion was carried to grant the request of Mr. Morgan, chairman of the American Printer's Cost Commission, to speak on the cost of printing. Charles W. Warner, Hoopeston Chronicle, spoke on the topic, "Contests — Do They Pay?" The following recounted their contest experiences: H. N. Wheeler, Quincy Journal; A. T. Cowan, Polo Tri-County Press; William G. Dustin, Dwight Star-Herald; Thomas Rees, Springfield State Register; G. W. Hughes, Clinton Register; Charles Boeschenstein, Edwardsville Intelligencer; and G. A. Crowden, Ottawa Fair- dealer. It was the general opinion that contests conducted by contest companies were unfair and unprofitable. B. E. Pinkerton of the Rossville Press read a paper on "County Organizations and Their Advantages." He said in part: "The discussions at the sessions in Ottawa last year, 1909, emphasized the fact that the country editors are losing thousands of dollars annually by the neglect of public officials to obey the law and the modesty of these same country editors when it comes to appearing before the grand jury or to filing a complaint in the county court. In plain English the country newspapers have been permitting these small politicians to bluff them out of their legal rights and the people out of public financial statements they deserve by every right of statute and justice. "This is the way we have done in Vermillion County. We organized, charging the two Danville papers $5.00 each and we fellows out in the smaller towns $2.50 and $2.00 each. This money was turned over to R. B. Holmes, a capable attorney. He was made attorney for the Vermillion County Press Association and his duties were to inform all officers of county, town, school and village that reports and other publications must be made on time and in full compliance with the law or else prosecutions would follow. Each publisher was able to say that he, directly, had nothing to do with any complaints filed. He had simply joined the association because he was asked to do so. But he did know he was obligated to make reports whenever a report was published and to file a copy with the attorney so that it might be passed upon as to its legality." Mr. J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat, commented on the policy of the Association. He said: "You have heard that Mr. Sheets is a Democrat. For fear that new members may not understand it, it has been an unwritten law of this Association that we have first a Democrat and then a Republican for President, and therefore, Mr. Bedford being a Republican it is the Democrat's turn." The following officers were elected: President, J. M. Sheets, Oblong Oracle; Vice Presidents, George W. Hughes, Clinton Register; B. E. Pinkerton, Rossville Press; A. T. Cowan, Polo Tri-County Press; Secretary, J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat; Treasurer, Terry Simmons, Marseilles Plaindealer; Executive Committee, Charles W. Warner, Hoopeston Chronicle; S. K. Strother, Taylorville Courier; G. A. Crowden, Ottawa Fairdealer; Auditing Committee, J. N. Stokes, Highland Journal; J. W. Wilds, Nokomis Free Press Gazette; Victor Haven, Greenfield Argus; Legislative Committee, Honorable E. A. Snively, Springfield. Memorials were read in honor of the late Frank J. Crawford of the Polo Visitor; the late Stephen Yerkes Thornton of the Canton Ledger; the late Clinton Rosette of the Illinois Newspaper Directory and History DeKalb Chronicle; and the late B. I . Shaw of the Dixon Telegraph. The paper on Mr. Shaw was taken from the Dixon Telegraph. It contained the following: The Life oe a Pioni i r Editor "It is doubtful if this community ever suffered a more grievous shock than was occasioned by the sudden death of Benjamin F. Shaw, the veteran editor of the Evening Telegraph, on Saturday evening at the hour of 8 o'clock. He was not only one of the few remaining pioneers, but for over fifty years had been identified with Dixon and Lee counties and everything concerning them. In political life he had long been recognized as one of the foremost men of this part of the state and counted among his personal friends a larger list of leading men in the state and nation probably than any other of our citizens who survive him. His personality was so attractive, his sympathy so broad and generous, his kindness so universal and his humor so abundant, spontaneous and stingless as to render him a universal favorite in all circles and with all people, no matter what their walk in life. And hence his death is mourned as a personal bereavement by an extended circle of acquaintances near and far. "Mr. Shaw was born at Waverly, New York, March 31, 1831, and consequently was well on toward his seventy-ninth birthday. He was a descendant of William Brad- ford, who kept the log of the good ship Mayflower in 1620, and later became the first governor of Plymouth Colony. His grandmother on the paternal side was the last to survive of those who suffered from the 'Wyoming Massacre' of 1778, her father and two brothers having been killed in the battle which preceded the massacre. His mother's father, Major Zephon Flower, was a soldier of the Revolution and one of the last sur- vivors on the pension roll of that war, having died at the advanced age of 96. "Mr. Shaw was a son of Alanson B. and Philomela (Flower) Shaw, natives of Bradford County, Pennsylvania. His brothers and sisters were: Alonzo, who still sur- vives, at an age approaching the nineties, residing in California; Elen E., who became Mrs. Smith; Phoebe, who married Shepard Patrick, and who are the parents of Mr. Edgar Patrick of this city; Volney Philomela, who became the wife of Leander A. Devine, for many years deputv circuit clerk of this county; Martha, who became the wife of T. W. Eustace, brother of John V. Eustace, deceased, and county clerk of the county for 18 53 to 1861; Jedediah Shaw, now residing in Washington, D. C. Of all these people none survive except such as are so noted, with the possible exception of Mr. Devine. "Mr. Shaw's parents died while he was yet a lad, and the family became scattered. His oldest brother and sister, Alonzo and Ellen, found their way to Tipton, Iowa, where Alonzo continued to reside until quite recently. Mr. Patrick, who had settled here in Dixon in 1842, soon went East and brought back the remaining members of the family from Towanda, Pa., out to Tipton to make their home with Alonzo. When less than fourteen years of age Benjamin F. was a mail carrier in the section of the country- adjacent to Tipton, through what was then a wilderness, infested with Indians and robbers. In 1845 he went to Rock Island and there learned the printer's trade. "In 1859 Mr. Shaw with many others was seized with the gold fever and migrated to Pike's Peak in quest of the yellow metal, but returned in about four months. While there he had occasion to resort to his trade as a compositor and set type on the first issue of the Rocky Mountain News, now a leading daily in that part of the country. "The first newspaper to be published in this county was the Dixon Telegraph and Lee County Herald, issued May 1, 1S5 1. On January 21, 18 52, Mr. Shaw, then a tritle over 21 years of age, became its manager and J. V. Eustace its editor. April 30, 1854, Mr. Eustace withdrew and Mr. Shaw was the sole proprietor. On October 26, 1854, the Illinois Newspaper Dirfctory and History Transcript, a Democratic paper, entered the ring, but, like most papers of that party which had the temerity to appeal to the people for popular favor in this Republican stronghold, it lecl a precarious existence and less than three years saw it consolidated with the Telegraph, which first, last and all the time has been true to orthodox Repub- licanism. It has never been suspected of the slightest wavering from the faith. Under this consolidation T. W. Beckwith of the Transcript and Mr. Shaw of the Telegraph were joint editors. December 22, 18 59, the paper passed into the hands of I. S. Bordman, with whom and his sons it remained until December 2, 1869, when it was consolidated with the Herald, a Republican paper which had been established by A. C. Bardwell. The resulting publication took the name of the Telegraph and Herald, Mr. Bardwell remaining as editor and Mr. W. J. Boardman as business manager. Mr. Boardman's con- nection with the enterprise was brief, and January, 1870, Mr. Shaw once more took up newspaper work, this time as associate editor. A year later Mr. Bardwell stepped out, leaving the paper in the sole control of Mr. Shaw. The surplus name was soon dropped and it was thereafter known as the Dixon Telegraph. Henceforth, Mr. Shaw was prac- tically the sole owner and master mind of the publication. From April, 1860, to Janu- ary 6, 1870, Mr. Shaw owned an interest in a newspaper published in Amboy under several successive names. "It was a bold stroke when on the last Friday of November, 1883, without a word of anticipation, he launched the Evening Telegraph as a daily on a wholly untried sea. He did not even solicit advertising in advance, as is customary, to secure or in some degree guarantee the success of the venture. For a time the little sheet had a dubious existence, but finally it gathered strength and at last realized his highest hopes, when it reached the ground where it has long stood as one of the most widely read and most influential country dailies in this part of the state. The weekly was issued as formerly until November 21, 1899, when it was supplanted by the semi-weekly issue which still continues. "The paper and its attendant job business was twice incorporated, the present corporation, the B. F. Shaw Printing Company, receiving its charter July 2, 1891. Thereupon B. F. Shaw and Son were announced as editors and a second son, Eustace Shaw, as managing editor and publisher. This was the only son ever associated with him in business, and it may well be questioned whether human experience anywhere revealed a more striking instance of paternal love and confidence requitted to the limit of filial attachment and devotion than existed between these two. The son afforded the father a strong staff on which to lean in his advancing years, but it was snapped by sudden death September 5, 1902. Mr. Shaw's heart never ceased to bleed over the cruel loss thus inflicted upon him. Eustace left his widow, Mable S. Shaw, and Sons George C, Benjamin T. and Robert E., surviving him, and the widow brought to Mr. Shaw all the confidence, kindness and sympathy of an own daughter. "Mr. Shaw was united in marriage with Ann E. Eustace, sister of Judge John V. Eustace, deceased, and daughter of Rev. Thomas Eustace, a Presbyterian clergyman and native of Dublin, Ireland, and Fannie (Olmstcad) Eustace. Mrs. Shaw died February 6, 1905. Their surviving children are Fred L. Shaw, attorney at Cripple Creek, Colorado, and Lloyd L. Shaw, a traveling publisher's agent. "He was an esteemed member of the Dixon Club and Elks Lodge. "Mr. Shaw during his long and active career, filled many public offices. In 18 59 he was elected clerk of the circuit court and was re-elected for a second term, expiring in 1868. In 1869 he held a position connected with the internal revenue service in this district and was appointed by the governor one of the commissioners to locate an insane asylum in the northern section of the state which resulted in the location of the insti- 182 Iiiinois Newspaper. Directory and History tution at Elgin. In 1876 he was appointed one of the three state canal commissioners who had charge of the management and improvement of the Illinois and Michigan canal and held the position six years. He was appointed postmaster of Dixon, without solicitation on his part, first in 1891, and again in 1899, serving from the date of the first appointment until the time of his death. "Many non-lucrative positions were assigned to him from time to time, among which was the vice-presidency of the O. B. Dodge Public Library, a position he has held continuously since the founding of that most excellent institution. "But perhaps the service of which he was most proud, particularly in these last years, was his participancy in the organization of the political party of which he was so long an active member. In February, 1856, he took part at Decatur in a meeting of the editors of the state who were opposed to the repeal of the Missouri compromise, which called a convention to convene at Bloomington in June of the same year, at which gathering the great Republican party was in fact organized and nominated its first ticket. On that occasion he was in consultation with Abraham Lincoln on the committee of resolutions and heard his so-called lost speech.' We are aware that the statement that the party had its birth in the Bloomington convention has not escaped challenge, but Mr. Shaw had no doubt of the validity of the claim, and held the dis- tinction at the time of his death of being one of the two surviving members of that body. There is no question but what the state organization first took definite form at that time." At this meeting a number of members including the new President, J. M. Sheets, expressed themselves as eager to continue promoting the establishment of a School of Journalism at the University of Illinois and action toward that end was undertaken. "Newspapers and Periodicals of Illinois from 18 14 to 1879," by Frank W. Scott, a Who's Who type of book containing 610 pages and detailing the life story of each paper in the state which came into existence between the dates mentioned, was pub- lished by the Illinois State Historical Society in 1910 as Volume I of its biographical series. It was listed as an enlarged and revised edition of an earlier work by Dr. Edmund Janes James entitled "Newspapers Published in Illinois Prior to 1860," a small and much less comprehensive work. The Illinois Press Association, which had aided in the develop- ment of the Illinois State Historical Society and the University of Illinois instruction in journalism, was responsible in a measure for and was benefited by the appearance of Dr. Scott's book. The Forty-Sixth Annual Session of the Illinois Press Association was held at the Sherman House, in Chicago, on June 14, 15 and 16, 1911, President J. M. Sheets, Oblong Oracle, presiding. In his address President Sheets urged clean politics and efforts of the press to secure universal peace; he also suggested that steps be taken towards securing a permanent home for the Illinois Press Association. President Sheets considered the question of good farming and said in part: "Not more than then ten per centum of the farmers of this state have adopted the permanent systems of farming. Think of the loss. Prof. Hopkins of the state university in a recent letter said: 'I would say without hesitation that the crop yield of Illinois can easily be made double what they were during the twenty-five years before the Experiment Station began its work.' By the adoption in certain parts of the state intensive farming methods the average yield of corn since 1890 has increased six bushek to the acre and that of wheat three bushels. As the scientific plans of farming become Illinois Newspaper Directory and History more general so does the advance yield also become noticeable. During the last six years the experimental farm at the state university has produced on an average of ninety bushels of corn and forty bushels of wheat per acre under practical and very profitable system of farming. Instead of building up the soil and nourishing it, the farmer is prone to get all he can out of it for the present and let the future take care of itself. "This is particularly noticeable where renters are numerous. Let it be known, whether renter or not, every husbandman should seek in his own interest if in no other to make the land produce the greatest quantity. The best farmer is not necessarily the one who works the hardest with his hands. The successful one is the man who is willing to learn, profit by experience of others, who keeps in touch with the world and esteems education for its full worth. The proper attitude of the press will make such farmers for the future. The farm journals do not reach the vital spot. "The country newspaper, the community's fireside companion, can make for its rural readers farming a dignified and profitable occupation. Sons and daughters will stay on the farm because no other place can offer more attractions. 'The farmers of America,' says one, 'like to feel that they are the most progressive in the world and thousands of them are unquestionably entitled to this distinction, but the yield from our farms per acre as compared with the results obtained in other countries shows the American farmer in a most sorry plight. To convince ourselves we have need to give only a short time to research to be convinced of this fact. In the old countries we find the small farmer producing great quantities from thjir garden-like farm areas. We can gain valuable pointers from the farmers of England, France, Germany and Japan, where barren-like lands are made to yield sufficient food to maintain the native people and often quantities left over for exportation." Later in his address President Sheets said: "I desire to call attention to the relationship that should exist between the Illinois Press Association and the Illinois Historical Society. Every issue of your newspaper is a maker of history. Its preservation to perpetuate the news becomes necessary if the channels of state history are to be unbroken. "Some of my predecessors have called attention to the fact that if a copy of your publication is sent regularly to the secretary of the society at Springfield, the editor of such newspaper is recorded as a member thereof without dues and will receive the society's publications which are worth many times the subscription price. This same offer holds good and we urge our membership to place the Illinois Historical Society on their several lists that their publications may be bound and kept secure in the society's office, thus serving a mutual purpose between the newspapers of the state and this splendid history-gathering institution. "In gathering such items as are sought by the Illinois Historical Society and archived in the Illinois State Library, we are serving a purpose that will mean much to the unborn generations who will, as we do now, manifest an interest in the history of the past. To perform this duty requires but little attention which will in turn result in much good." Harris Dante, editor of the Monticello Republican, presented a paper entitled "The Time and the Hour." Terry Simmons, Marseilles Plaindealer, spoke on "Rusty Editors." The Honorable Albert I. Isley, State Senator, delivered the annual address. W. T. Bedford, LaSalle Tribune, spoke on "The Editor and the Automobile." Mr. Mahin of the Mahin Advertising Agency addressed the Association on the subject of "Advertis- ing," and answered questions as to agency policies. 184 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "Play Grounds of Young America" was the topic discussed by J. B. Castle, Sand- wich Argus. A Shop Talk session was held and advertising rates and the recently passed law governing the publication of reports were discussed. The officers elected were: President, Eugene P. L'Hote, Milford Herald; Vice Presidents, A. T. Cowan, Polo Tri-County Press; Charles Bent, Jr., Morrison Sentinel; M. J. Seed, Mt. Vernon Register; Secretary, J. M. Page, Jersey ville Democrat; Treasurer, Terry Simmons, Marseilles Plaindealer; Executive Committee (in place of Victor Haven, Greenfield Argus, retiring) George F. Crowden, Ottawa Fairdealer. Recreation for the members during the meeting consisted of a trip through River- view Park, a Chinese dinner at the King Joy Lo Restaurant, a theatre party, a trip to Hull House and the Ghetto, and a ball game. 1912 The Forty-Seventh Annual Session of the Illinois Press Association was held at the Sherman House, Chicago, on June 25, 26 and 27, 1912, President Eugene L'Hote, Milford Herald, presiding. As the National Press Association had invited the members of the Association to attend their meetings which were being held at the same time at the Sherman House, no separate program had been prepared for the Illinois Press Association after the opening session. At that opening meeting committees on Credentials, Resolutions and Finance were named and brought in reports before adjournment. Six new members were admitted. The Committee on Resolutions reported as follows and the report was unanimously accepted: "Resolved, That our thanks are due to Mr. Charles E. King, chairman of the Entertainment Committee of the supply houses of the City of Chicago, and our friends of the allied trades, and also to the packers, Swift & Company, Armour & Company, and Libby, McNeil & Libby, for the entertainments and courtesies extended to us as members of the Illinois Press Association while in attendance upon the National Press Association in the City of Chicago; "Also to Mr. Chas. A. Comiskey, President of Chicago American League Baseball Club; to Chicago Association of Commerce for the boat ride; to the Garrick and Cort theatres for the delightful evening's entertainment; to Marshall Field & Company for the courtesies extended our ladies by a trip through their store; to the Selig Polyscope Company for teaching us the way moving pictures are made; to the Riverview Park management for a delightful evening's recreation; to the Ladies of the Chicago Press Club and Illinois Roman's Press for reception and luncheon extended to our ladies at the Art Institute; to the Chicago & Alton, the Wabash, the C. P. & St. L. and Illinois Traction (McKinley) System, for railroad facilities so generously tendered; to the Chicago Press Club for musical and reception to our ladies on Thursday; to the manage- ment of the Sherman House for the courtesies shown. "Resolved, That this Association extend to its officers their thanks for the efficient manner in which they have performed their arduous duties of their various offices." A memorial was read in honor of the late Silas W. Culp of the Morrisonville Times, by C. D. Tufts of the Centralia Democrat. The officers elected for 1912-1913 were: President, George V.". Hughes, Clinton Register; Vice Presidents, Charles B. Mead, Geneva Republican; Charles Bradshaw, Carrollton Patriot; P. N. Mason, Buda Plaindealer; Secretary, J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat; Treasurer, S. J. Porterfield, Cullom Chronicle; Executive Committee, |. M. 185 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Sheets, Oblong Oracle (to replace the outgoing member); Auditing Committee, J. W. Wild, Nokomis Free Press-Gazette (to replace outgoing member) ; Legislative Com- mittee, E. A. Snively, Springfield; National Committeeman, A. W. Glessner, Galena Gazette. The balance reported in the treasury was $154.96. At this time the Association had 242 members and 9 honorary members. The members adjourned the meeting to attend the National Press gatherings in the city in whose programs they had a part. 1913 The Forty-Eighth Annual Session of the Illinois Press Association was held at Decatur on June 3, 4 and 5, 1913, President George W. Hughes of the Clinton Register presiding. Mayor Dinneen welcomed the members, and Owen Scott, Decatur, responded. I. S. Dunn of Divernon, Sangamon County, spoke on "The Country Press As An Advertising Medium," and the subject was discussed by J. M. Sheets, Oblong Oracle; W. J. Smith, Waukegan Sun; J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat, and others. In his address President Hughes emphasized the need of new members for the Association, and took a stand against spelling reform, magazine supplements, free pub- licity, and hard roads. The latter, he said, would be oppressive to the farmer, but placed himself on record as favoring expenditures for good roads. The annual address was given by Attorney C. C. LeForgee of Decatur. Owen Scott of the Decatur Herald spoke on a book of Mrs. Johns. S. J. Porterfield, Cullom Chronicle, discussed "Ready Prints," and Terry Simmons, Marseilles Plaindealer, spoke on "When Is An Editor at His Best?" E. A. Snively of Springfield, who had been Legislative Committeeman for twenty- five years, reported that there were no bills in the present legislature that were likely to injure the newspaper business. A general discussion was held on legislative measures advantageous to the publishers. The subject of "Special Advertising" was taken up in a paper by Sam P. Hurd, Canton Ledger. Mrs. S. B. Merritt, Lostant Local, spoke on "Justice Demands Equality at the Ballot Box." John R. Marshall, Yorkville Record, who was unable to attend the meeting, sent his paper on the question, "Should Partisan Politics Be Taught in the Country Weekly?" to be read. The Committee on Resolutions presented a resolution regarding the closing of post offices, which had been adopted by the Illinois Daily Newspaper Association in a convention held in Chicago, May 21, 1913. This resolution, which follows, was adopted by the Association: "Resolved, That the United States Postal Department being maintained by the people at an expense of millions of dollars per year, and being the only direct and universal mode of communication between all the people, should be conducted on the most progressive and efficient lines and that all matter entrusted to it should be trans- ported with the utmost care and be promptly delivered, and to this end all post offices should be opened a reasonable length of time every day in the year for the delivery of all classes of mail. "Resolved further, that while the salaries of the employees of the Postal Department have of late years been largely increased and their hours of labor considerably shortened, we protest against the recent order of the Postal Department which has caused the closing of all post offices on Sundays, thereby inconveniencing thousands of patrons of the Post Office Department in the United States and which has resulted in making Illinois Newspaper Directory and History the postal service less satisfactory and less efficient, while the expense of maintaining the same has been largely increased. "Resolved further, that we ask the Post Master General of the United States for a reasonable length of time, each and every day in the year, Sundays and holidays included, for the delivery of all classes of mail matter. Adopted by the Illinois Daily Newspaper Association, May 21, 1913." The officers elected for 1913-1914 were: President, Charles W. Warner, Hoopeston Chronicle; Vice Presidents, Frank L. Shupp, Newton Press; J. E. McClure, Carlinville Democrat; W. B. Davis, Mt. Sterling Democrat-Message; Secretary, J. M. Page, Jersey- ville Democrat; Treasurer, S. J. Porterfield, Cullom Chronicle; Executive Committee, J. M. Sheets, Oblong Oracle, G. A. Crowden, Ottawa Fairdealer; W. G. Dustin, Dwight Star-Herald; Auditing Committee, J. W. Wilds, Nokomis Free Press-Gazette; Victor Haven, Greenfield Argus; W. J. Smith, Waukegan Sun; Legislative Committee, Hon- orable E. A. Snively, Springfield. A memorial was read in honor of the late General Smith Dykins Atkins of the Freeport Journal by Terry Simmons, Marseilles Plaindealer. The title of Major-General was his as a result of a military career during and following the Civil War. Atkinb started as a private in the 11th Illinois Volunteers on Lincoln's first call. Other memorials read honored the late Norman Edmund Stevens of the Paxtun Record, read by Charles W. Warner, Hoopeston Chronicle; and the late Paul Selbv of the Springfield State Journal by E. A. Snively, Springfield. Mr. Selby attended the first meeting of editors ever held in the State of Illinois, for the purpose of organizing against slavery. This meeting was influential in bringing Abraham Lincoln to the front. Selby pointed out at various times that the political meeting at Decatur was not the first meeting of editors in the state. It was, however, the first recorded meeting of editors drawn by a political interest. The Forty-Ninth Annual Session was held at the Hotel Sherman, Chicago May 7 and 8, 1914. The President, Charles W. Warner of the Hoopeston Chronicle, presided. The Secretary, J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat, was unable to attend and the President appointed E. A. Snively, Springfield, to fill the office during the meeting. Mr. E. C. Ferguson, representative of the Chamber of Commerce, the Illinois Commercial Federation and the City Club of Chicago, invited the Association to a banquet. The invitation was accepted. The President gave his address and asked for definite figures on the average cost per inch for advertising composition. Most of the members had found it impossible to figure this, though 5 cents was established as the closest figure. The members then exchanged ideas of different phases of advertising, and the discussion turned to liability insurance. A letter was read from Secretary Page in which he said that while in Washington he had worked among the members of the House and Senate to get through a bill to amend the Interstate Commerce law to permit railroads and newspapers to enter into contracts to exchange transportation for advertising. He expressed confidence that this bill would be passed, and that if it was, the members should work to have the law of Illinois amended to permit the Public Utilities Board to consent to the exchange between newspapers and railroads. H. U. Bailey, Princeton Republican, told of his treatment of the news on special occasions as follows: Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "When Mr. Sunday (Billy Sunday, the evangelist) comes we publish a daily paper temporarily during the time he is there. He certainly creates a great deal of interest. It makes it possible for a newspaper to publish a daily paper on an occasion like that. I know in our case we printed this paper daily and gave reports of his meetings and from day to day printed a list of the converts. At one time I believe there were 2,32 5 con- verts. If I remember rightly I spent about $50 or $60 for cuts and I contributed $50 toward his offering besides and I made no charge to him for any service we rendered. The only mistake I made about it was that we printed the daily paper to cover the series of his meetings for 3 5 cents and it ran a little over five weeks. We could just as well have had twice as much and made a profitable venture out of it. We did not lose any- thing as it was and a great deal of interest was aroused. Our circulation on the weekly was 5,3 5 and to show the interest of this part of the country it ran up so along toward the close of the daily paper we were printing about four or five thousand copies a day. The reason was that the people in the town would take a copy for themselves and send four or five to some of their friends in the distance. In viewing the matter after it passed we decided that if the charge was set at twice as much as it was it would have been just as reasonable and we would have made about $1500 or $1600." Judge Orrin N. Carter of the Supreme Court of Illinois delivered an address on "Newspapers and the Courts," in which he said that the evils that arise from free criti- cism of courts and juries in the public press must be corrected, largely, by the press itself, as punishment for criticisms of this kind is more apt to do harm than good. The President introduced Mr. Patterson, who was formerly with N. W. Ayer and Sons, advertising agency. He gave an informal talk The Committee on Resolutions presented a resolution that after July 1, 1914, a bureau of information, exchange, and employment be added to the duties of the Secre- tary of the Association. G. W. Hughes, Clinton Register, moved that thanks be tendered to the newspapers of Chicago for the recognition they had given to the Association meeting. It was brought out in discussion that little attention had been given the con- vention by the Chicago papers, and that the Chicago Tribune had given the best report of this meeting. The motion was finally adopted, however. General topics were discussed, particular attention being paid to liability and fire insurance, exchanges and the increase of membership of the Association. The President made suggestions, saying in part: "Our discussions have been very interesting and before we pro:eed with the final business of the Association, the election of officers, I desire to speak to a question on privilege on personal matters. I have been president for the past year, and I feel that the past year has been an improvement. For a number of years the attendance and interest in the meetings of the Illinois Press Association has been languishing, and the meeting at Decatur, a year ago, was one of the smallest meetings that I ever knew, and I have been a member of the Association for thirty years. I don't know why the interest and attendance languished, other than the fact we did not have railroad trans- portation, and that we had to pay our fares to go there. There are a few of us who have been paying our fares regularly. I think I can pay a fare again, the same as others do. For some reason or other, however, there has been an increased attendance this year. There has been an increased interest in the discussion, the credit for which I think is due entirely to the Program Committee. That the interest has been greater and that the attendance has been larger, I don't know the reason for it, unless it is due to the fact that the meeting has been held in Chicago. At any rate I feel grateful to the Association and its members, because the attendance is large, and the discussions have been more interesting." 188 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Officers elected for 1914-1915 were: President, J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat, who had just completed twenty-four years' service as Secretary; Vice Presidents, John T. Galbraith, Carbondale Free Press; W. J. Smith, Waukegan Sun; H. U. Bailey, Princeton Republican; Secretary, J. M. Sheets, Oblong Oracle; Treasurer, J. E. McClure, Carlinville Democrat; Executive Committee, Charles W. Warner, Hoopeston Chronicle; G. A. Crowder, Ottawa Fairdealer; S. J. Porterfield, Cullom Chronicle; Auditing Committee, J. W. Wilds, Nokomis Free Press-Gazette; Victor Haven, Greenfield Argus; F. W. Lewis, Robinson Constitution; Legislative Committee, Honorable E. A. Snivel). Springfield. The Suburban (Chicago) Publishers' Association was organized in this year, 1914, with Rav Peacock of the Jefferson Park Jeffersonian as president. The organization was an outgrowth of the old Cook County Press Association. Thirty publishers attended the first meeting which was held at the Morrison Hotel. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Chapter VIII The Golden Jubilee and New Leadership 1915 The Golden Jubilee meeting in honor of the 5 0th Anniversary of the Illinois Press Association was held at Chicago on May 19, 20 and 21, 1915. The President, J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat, called the meeting to order in the Crystal Room of the Sherman House. Secretary Sheets made the following remarks on the attendance: "We have the promise of the biggest meeting we have had in the history of the organization. I have returns from about 180 that have signified their intention to be present and I saw a number here this morning that I did not hear from. And I have about twenty applications all ready to turn over to the Membership Com- mittee and I received another letter here this morning with an application and a five dollar check in it. So that I think we are going to have a rattling good time and we want you all to get in the swim now and make this a success. Help boost." The matter of the post office furnishing mail sacks for the publisher to mail out his paper was discussed. H. U. Bailey, Princeton Republican, said that in his office they tied up the mail and took about twenty of the sacks directly to the train without going to the post office. Once a month a clerk from the post office came to the plant and weighed a sample mailing. Some of the members put out their own mail and others took it to the post office. The next topic discussed was clubbing papers, the members who had tried it agree- ing that it was an unprofitable practice. In a discussion of premiums several of the members told of experiences with the strict enforcement of the lottery law. In his address President Page reviewed the 5 years of the Illinois Press Association, particularly the work of E. A. Snively of Carlinville and Springfield, who had been Legislative Committeeman since 1888 (twenty-seven years). The President also advo- cated the proposed waterway from Chicago to the Mississippi. He said in part: "Fifty years ago the Illinois Press Association was formally organized at Peoria and the first President was John W. Merritt. It has been the rule to have a President serve but one year, but this rule has been broken a few times, and a President re-elected; therefore there have been but forty-three Presidents during the half century of the Association's existence, as follows, sixteen of whom are dead: John W. Merritt, E. H. Griggs, J. R. Mosser, Rodney Welch, E. B. Buck, George Scroggs, S. P. Rounds, J. W. Bailey, Cadet Taylor, E. A. Snively, Chas. Holt, C. B. Bostwick, J. W. Clinton, M. W. Mathews, W. M. Kennedy, J. K. LeBaron, L. A. McLean, Owen Scott, E. B. Fletcher, Thomas Rees, W. W. Lowis, Clinton Rosette, George W. Cyrus, C. D. Tufts, C. M. Tinney, Chas. Boeschenstein, M. F. Walsh, A. C. Bentley, Smith D. Atkins, C. W. Bliss, Charles Bradshaw, John M. Rapp, J. B. Castle, H. N. Wheeler, J. C. Adams, S. K. Strothers, W. T. Bedford, J. M. Sheets, E. L'Hote, G. W. Hughes, Charles Warner and J. M. Page. Presidents Merritt, Griggs, Taylor, Snively, Tinney and Mathews were honored with re-election. There were but few editors present at the organization but they were workers and the Association grew rapidly and the next meeting was called for Peoria. The third meeting was held in Springfield and the members participated in 190 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History the ceremonies of opening the first Leland Hotel in that city. The organization grew mainly through the efforts of the late John W. Bailey of the Princeton Republican, who was an active and honored member up to the day of his death. I find by the records that in the early days of the organization the principal business was arranging for excursions about the state or to other states, the members going twice to Canada and once to Mexico. That was in the days before the Inter-State Commerce Commission which shut off the exchange of transportation for advertising. On one of these excur- sions the members attended the ceremonies attending the driving of the gold spike which united the two sections of the Union Pacific Railroad. When the Association went to the city of Washington, D. C, the address of welcome for that city was delivered by the then Senator from Illinois, John A. Logan. Finally the members turned their atten- tion to their own interests and a committee was appointed to look after legislation either to prevent that which would injure the country editor, or assisting to get some that would benefit. This committee would go to Springfield when the legislature was in session and remain there for some time, at considerable cost to the Association, but there was no real beneficial legislation passed till Mr. E. A. Snively was, in 1888, made Legis- lative Committeeman, a position he has held ever since." The President then called for "Reminiscences" and "Talks bv the Older Members." E. A. Snively of Carlinville and Springfield was the first man introduced, a member who was present at the organizing of the Association. Mr. Snively said in part: "There is one thing in connection with my occupancy of the office (Clerk of the Supreme Court) that I might refer to. I have told it to several members, but I don't know as I ever made a statement to this Association. It is one thing that I take a great deal of pride in but it was started before my successor, Mr. Holt, who was elected at the February meeting in 1881. That was a report of law requiring the township officers to publish statements. I had been something of a crank on that question. I had written an essay or a paper rather and it was read before the Association in their meeting of 1877. In 1878 there was no meeting. "In 1879 I was elected Clerk of the Supreme Court. That year I got a bill intro- duced something similar to the one which is now on statute books; but I did not know anything about the Supreme Court. I had seen it in session and that was all I knew. And I took a good deal of pride being a newspaper man, in trying to make a good clerk and in trying to know my business. I didn't pay much attention to the business of the legislature during the session of 1879, but when the session of 1881 was had, I knew I was the best clerk that they ever had. I knew all about it. I knew more than the judge did. Then I determined, if possible, to get that law passed. "I selected Mr. Cowan of Macoupin County as the man whom I thought was the best to introduce the bill. He introduced it. 1 corresponded as well as I could with the newspapers. I had a good deal of trouble in getting any help from the newspapers. I don't know whether they were opposed to the law or whether they didn't see just what the law meant or whether they didn't care, but finally after the bill had been read the second time and was on third reading I b;gan to get worried about it. 1 was afraid that it was going to be defeated. Any estimate that I could make did not give more than 67 or 68 votes and it required 77. And I did everything possible to get the law passed. I was fortunate in one respect, that there was a young lawyer from Tuscola by the name of Bundy. He was a Republican but a very warm friend of mine. He came into the office nearly every day and he would do nearly everything that I asked him to do. "In that legislature, and as it is now in fact, and I suppose it always will be, there were little coteries consisting of four or five or a half dozen men to have one leader. That is to say, they looked to one man to sort of lead them. I found that there were 191 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History two of those little coteries that were controlled by two men, both of whom were Republicans and of whom I didn't know much. Mr. Bundy informed me, however, that they were both very bitterly opposed to the bill. I wrote to their newspaper men and that is about all that I could do. They couldn't do anything or didn't try to do anything as far as I could find out. Well, I studied about the question as to what to do to get those men because they could control, as I believed, about twelve votes at least. I conceived the idea then of giving a dinner to a number of members of the legislature and I did so. 1 took them out to my house and Mrs. Snively called in all the neighbors, and if I do have to say it myself, put up a pretty fair dinner, and we had a pretty fine affair, drinks and a few other things. "I invited those two gentlemen. I invited Mr. Cowan and Mr. Bundy and several others. I enjoined upon everybody except those two fellows not to refer to the Cowan bill while they were at my house. We spent a very pleasant evening. I had arranged with Mr. Bundy the next morning that he was to get the two men to go over on the Republican side, the west side of the House, and try and just say how do you do and let it go at that. "The plan was carried out. I went upstairs and Mr. Bundy was sitting with the two gentlemen. I went up and spoke to them and shook hands with them and hoped they got home alright. I knew they were sober when they left my house. Then I went on. One of the gentlemen turned to Mr. Bundy and he commenced pumping him about me and about the entertainment. "Bundy said to him, 'Well, Snively is a clever fellow. I like him, but he is going to be the worst disappointed man when this legislature adjourns that there is in the State of Illinois.' "They wanted to know why. 'Why,' he says, 'he is back of that Cowan bill. He used to be a newspaper man and he is back of the Cowan bill and the newspaper men felt they wanted him and they nominated him for Clerk of the Supreme Court and he is back of that Cowan bill.' "One of them says, 'Is he back of that?' The answer was yes. " 'Well,' he said, 'I have been fighting that bill ever since it was introduced, but I am for it now. He is the only one that has invited me to his house during this session of the legislature or shown me any courtesy.' "The other fellow says, 'I am for it, too. I am with you.' "Those men delivered their twelve votes and the bill passed. Over in the Senate it was amended and sent back to the House and the gentlemen who represented the Kankakee district were willing to vote for the bill if I insisted upon it. "When it came up for concurring in the Senate amendments, I kept a tally and two other men kept tally. I got seventy-eight votes and one of the other* men made seventy-nine. The clerk could only make seventy-six and it lacked one vote. Then I went down to the clerk's desk. I got the tally sheet. I saw that one member of the legislature whom I knew was for the bill was not recorded as voting and I thought I knew where he was, but I wasn't certain in which room. (Laughter.) "I started to hunt him but I had to find out whether all the other members would stick, absolutely. General Thomas of Chicago was the speaker of the house and he was in favor of the bill very strongly. I went to the speaker and explained the situation to him that if this man was there that he would vote for the bill. In those days or during the session at least, the mode of correcting the journal was to have the journal of today printed and placed upon the desks of the members tomorrow and any member could correct it by simply calling the speaker's attention to it. 192 Iiiinois Newspaper Directory and History "I told him that I would get th.it man there in the morning. I would let him know when he came. I did so. That is to say, I sent for the man and had two carriages out for him and finally got him there, but before I got the man there the pages — I happened to be in the front part of the house and I looked towards the right of the speaker's desk and I saw the pages starting to distribute the journal. "I motioned to them and they stopped. I went down and contributed a dollar to a page and he went away, quit, until I could get my man there. After a little while when I was watching the pages, I saw another page starting to distribute the journals and I had to contribute another dollar. About eleven o'clock they came to the rescue with my man. He came up but he was in such a condition that he didn't know anything practically. I had a man on each side of him to take him to his desk and had informed the speaker how he would vote. They passed around the journal then. The man was alright. I was convinced that the bill was passed. The speaker called for correction of the journal and the men on each side of him started to raise him up. "General Thomas said, 'Come right up here. The gentleman wishes to vote "aye" on House Bill No. 114.' He was going to pound the gavel and declare the bill passed when Mr. Durfee, a representative from Macon County, rose up and addressed the chair. I didn't know then what was up. My heart came up in my mouth. I didn't know what he wanted to do. Mr. Durfee looked over and said, 'Mr. Speaker, I think that is one of the best bills that has been introduced in this house. I found I am not recorded. I want to be recorded "aye".' And then the speaker declared the bill passed." George Burt, Henry Republican, also a charter member; Senator John R. Marshall, Yorkville Record; Thomas Rees, Springfield State Register, past president; and G. W. Hughes, Clinton Register, past president, spoke briefly of the accomplishments of the Association. It was moved by George L. Tipton, Girard Gazette, and carried, that a committee of five, including E. A. Snively, Springfield, be appointed to take up the question of insurance for the members. Fred LeRoy of the Streator Independent-Times gave the report of the committee, that the situation needed reform, and that it was the business of newspaper men to educate the people to the need of legislation. E. A. Snively told of his efforts after he became convinced that the people of Illinois were paying too high an insurance rate. After heated discussion a motion was adopted to continue the com- mittee and endorse the effort of Superintendent Potts of the Illinois Insurance Depart- ment to have the fire insurance laws of the state modified in such a manner that the state department will be given authority to supervise or equalize the rates for policies and have a voice in the classification of risks. James J. Keeley, Chicago Herald, delivered an address. The Committee on Death Contributions of members recommended that a sort of sub-organization be formed of members of the Association who desired to agree upon the death of any member to assess themselves the sum of five dollars to be given to the widow or heirs of such a member. A Shop Talk session was held, the following questions being discussed: Liability insurance; charging for obituaries, cards of thanks, etc.; patent medicine advertisements; and typesetting machines. L. R. Murray, Mazon Mercantile Co-Operator, gave a poem, "The Pressman's Friend." The Treasurer's report showed a deficit of about $1S0. It was moved by B. E. Pinkerton, Monmouth Atlas, and carried, that each succeed- ing President appoint a committee, one member from each congressional district of the state, to be the Standing or Membership Committee. 193 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History The committee to investigate the wisdom of establishing a purchasing agency for stock and office supplies for the agency reported that an Association agency would be profitable if all became members. The officers elected were: President, W. G. Dustin, Dwight Star-Herald; Vice Presidents, Guy V. Pettit, Reynolds Press; H. U. Bailey, Princeton Republican; Albert L. Hall, St. Charles; Secretary, J. M. Sheets, Oblong Oracle; Treasurer, J. E. McClure, Carlinville Democrat; Executive Committee, L. W. Porterfield, Cullom Chronicle; Charles W. Warner, Hoopeston Chronicle; Charles B. Mead, Geneva Republican; Finance Committee, W. J. Smith, Waukegan Sun; Legislative Committeeman, E. A. Snively, Springfield. A memorial to the late John Merrick Bush of the Pike County Democrat was read. Entertainment during the meeting included music by Miss Mignon Douglass, soloist, and granddaughter of a charter member of the Association; readings by Miss Mary Moncure Parker, a theatre party, a ball game, and a banquet given by the Chicago Cham- ber of Commerce. At the banquet Benjamin E. Gage, chairman of the Illinois Com- mittee of the Chicago Association of Commerce, acted as toastmaster. Edwin E. Gore gave the address of welcome, followed by James W. Morrison; J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat, responded as President of the Association, declaring the organization in favor of the proposed waterway. E. A. Snively of Springfield presented President Page with a gold headed cane and Mrs. Page with a gold headed umbrella. There was the occasion of the 5 0th anniversary of the oldest Press Association west of the Alleghanies and also the 70th birthday of President Page, who had served the Association in an official capacity for a quarter of a century. Lawrence Y. Sherman, Senior Senator of Illinois, gave the address of the evening; Miss Kate O'Connell spoke a few words for the Woman's Press Association; and Charles N. Wheeler, Chicago Tribune, spoke on the European War. The meeting of the Illinois Daily Newspaper Publisher's Association was held in Chicago on October 19 and 20. The body voted to form a state league. Jason Rogers, publisher of the New York Globe, made a special trip to Chicago to urge a state organi- zation and gave his plan of organization and operation. Twelve words in simplified spelling were adopted. James O'Shaughnessy of Chicago, secretary of the Western Association of Advertising Agents, delivered an address on "The Desirability of a Better Understanding Between Agents and Publishers." O. Von Fragstein, chief auditor of the Audit Bureau of Circulations, told some interesting things about auditing and explained how the board of directors of the "A. B. C." has arranged to interpret "paid circulation." The following officers were elected: President, John V. Riley, advertising manager Rockford Star; Vice President, John C. Fisher, Cairo Bulletin; Secretary, John Sundinc, Moline Dispatch; Treasurer, Harry A. Dorwin, Springfield Journal. The members who attended the theatre during this meeting saw Jane Cowl in the "Songbird" at the Grand Opera House, and the play "Peg O'My Heart" at the Cort Theatre. 1916 The Fifty-First Annual Session of the Illinois Press Association was held in Chicago on May 4 and 5, 1916, the President, Colonel W. J. Dustin, Dwight Star-Herald, presiding. The Association went on record as opposing mail order houses, and refused the invitation of Sears, Roebuck and Company to visit their mail order plant. In his annual President's address Colonel Dustin said that the country editors had ceased to fight against each other as they used to because they were bigger, broader and more sincere. 194 Ii i inois Newspaper Directory and History Miss Elsie Sutton, Ivesdale News, in a speech on the subject of women in journalism, stated that in the country journalism field women had the same opportunity as men. She said in part: "It requires accuracy in all the little details, tact, discrimination, judiciousness and a great moral courage to bring about the most perfect results in the country newspaper field but women are not lacking in any of these essentials. In fact she has been trained through the ages. I believe that the main requisites for a successful country newspaper career are love of the work and an earnest endeavor to give genuine service." Senator H. S. Magill, Jr., Springfield, outlined the plans for a celebration in 1918 of the one hundredth anniversary of the admission of Illinois into the Union. The Association adopted resolutions to favor the plan and the members pledged to work for a celebration in every community. Senator Magill said in part: "In 1918 Illinois will celebrate the one hundredth anniversary of its admission into the Union, and plans are well under way to make the observance of the momentous event statewide and of mammoth proportions. "The legislature has taken the matter up and a committee of one hundred has been appointed to prepare a program that will extend over several days and will be of a nature that can be followed out in every community in the state. "Of course, Chicago will lead in this centennial celebration, and the plan is to have a historical pageant here that will be the peer of any ever attempted in the United States. An effort also will be made to have representatives of every foreign country present. We mean to show the world that Illinois is the greatest state in the Union. "As a means of giving the year local significance I suggest that the members of the Press Association use their best efforts to induce each locality to celebrate by picking out features of local history and making from them a pageant, as did Rockford last year with such great success. I also urge that an effort be made to mark local historical events by some sort of permanent memorial." Mrs. Mary Bradshaw, Carrollton, known as the "mother" of the Illinois Press Asso- ciation, was in attendance as she had been for the past twenty years. Her son, Charles Bradshaw, was editor of the Carrollton Patriot. Mrs. Bradshaw was seventy-nine years of age and took an active interest in all the meetings. The officers elected were: President, W. B. Davis, Mt. Sterling Democrat-Message; Vice Presidents, H. U. Bailey, Bureau County Republican, Princeton; Miss Elsie Sutton, Ivesdale News; Paul R. Goddard, Washington Post and News; Secretary, J. M. Sheets, Oblong Oracle; Treasurer, Hugh R. Marshall, Yorkville Record. Forty-two representatives of the Illinois Press Association visited the industrial land bureau of the Chicago Herald in the Ashland Block, where besides the booth exhibits "The Making of a Modern Magazine," one of the industrial moving picture films of the Curtis Publishing Company, was displayed. A short lecture on the film was given by C. S. Crossman of the bureau of commercial economics, Washington, D. C. Entertainment during the meeting was provided by a tour of inspection of Armour and Company's packing house and the White Sox game. The convention closed with a banquet. Short Course A by-product of the interest of the Illinois Press Association in the development of instruction in journalism at the state university was the holding of the first annual conference of the Illinois Country Press at the University of Illinois on April 7, 8 and 9, 1916. 195 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Plans for the event were worked out by Harry F. Harrington, then at the head of the courses in journalism, and Frank W. Scott, head of the department of English* and general overseer of all work in rhetoric, literature, journalism, business English and public speaking. The conference had the active support of the Illinois Press Association and the attendance, which numbered about fifty, consisted of representatives of member papers. At the conclusion of the meetings those in attendance not only voted apprecia- tion of the service extended to the country press but requested that the event be made an annual affair and that sessions be held for daily papers as well as for weeklies. The program included a newspaper contest in which ninety entries competed, and six instruction and round table sessions. John H. Harrison, editor of the Danville Com- mercial-News, presided during the speeches. The program included the following topics and speakers: untouched sources of local advertising, by J. K. Groom, advertising man- ager of the Aurora Beacon News; securing foreign advertising for the country paper, by Walter Buchen of the J. Walter Thompson advertising agency, Chicago; getting, extending and holding subscriptions, by E. H. Childress, editor of the Fairfield Press; some circulation problems, by Edgar A. Davie, editor of the Anna Talk; testing the beatitudes, a twentieth century adventure in journalism, by James Schermerhorn, editor of the Detroit Times; the university and the press, by Edmund J. James, president of the University of Illinois; economy in the back office, by James T. Cunningham, busi- ness manager of the Mattoon Commercial Star; cost accounting for the country paper, by R. G. Lee, cost expert from the University of Wisconsin; system in the business office, by Charles M. Pearson of the Flanigan Pearson Printing Company, Champaign; newspaper opportunities and duties in the country field, by F. W. Beckman, head of the department of technical journalism, Iowa State College; country correspondence, by John L. Hasbrouck, city editor of the Bloomington Pantagraph; better community service, by R. E. Hieronymous, community adviser of the University of Illinois; the journalism of public service, by James Keeley, editor of the Chicago Herald; agricultural possibilities for the country editor, Dean Eugene Davenport of the college of agriculture, University of Illinois; news display in small papers, by A. T. Burrows, editor of the Urbana Courier; background and equipment in the education of a newspaper man, by Frank W. Scott, and technical training in the education of a newspaper man, by H. F. Harrington. The round table discussions and leaders were listed as follows: the value of con- tests and premiums as circulation builders, by Frank F. Collins, editor of the Areola Record Herald; the uses of prizes and premiums, by Wilson W. Smith, editor of the Waverly Journal, the editor's relations to the community, by John M. Rapp, editor of the Fairfield Record; shall one paper print newspapers for several towns, by Robert C. Crihfield, editor of the Minier News; co-operation, by P. E. Low, editor of the Eureka Woodford County Journal; the employment of help, by Frank Coles, Jr., editor of the Albion Journal; the editor manager, by Verne E. Joy, publisher of the Centralia Sentinel; newspaper files in the university library, by P. L. Windsor, librarian of the University of Illinois library; how may the university help the country editor, by J. C. Adams, editor of the Peotone Vedette. Scott's Report in 1916 Significant of the growing interest of the press in the movement toward recogni- tion of college graduates and schools of journalism in the makeup of the profession were the opening remarks in the address of Frank W. Scott. He said: •Journalism work was still in the department of English in 191«. Members of the Press Association attempted to secure the establishment of a School in 1912 but matters had not got beyond an invitat.on to Talcott Williams (later head of the Columbia School) to come to the University for a conference. 196 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "We have been teaching something of journalism at the University of Illinois since 1902. In that year a single course in news-writing was introduced. I took charge of it in 1904, added another course in 1905, organized the work into a four-year curriculum at that time, and it has so continued until the present year. The number of students taking the work slowly increased. The classes in journalism writing were given as a part of the English department, and occupied only a part of the time of one man until three years ago, when another instructor gave one-third of his time to the journalism courses. Beginning with this year (1915-16) we have brought to the university Mr. Harrington, who gives all his time to journalism, and I continue to devote about a third of my time to the subject. "During this period there has come about a remarkable change in the attitude of newspaper men toward the work. Eight or nine years ago the State Press Association met here. I suppose that out of 125 or so who were here, half a dozen sincerely thought well of college courses in journalism. Most of the others were polite but non-committal. What they really thought I do not know. What two or three of them thought, I do know, for they ridiculed the idea, good-naturedly but unmistakably, and prophesied that as soon as we began wasting very much of the state's money on such foolish and hope- less instruction, we should be called to account for it." Referring to the students who had taken work at Illinois and what the course at Illinois was then undertaking to do, he said: "Our graduates are going out into all fields. They have no difficulty in getting places if they have any journalistic sense to begin with. They occupy good positions. One is an editorial writer on a New York daily; another is in charge of the work in Journalism at one of the state universities; another is editor of publications for a northern state university; one is city editor of the largest Illinois paper outside of Chicago; and several of his brothers are occupying similar positions on important papers in this state. An equal number own country papers or run them, and so far as I know they are all doing well; a considerable number are reporting at one place and another all the way from Philadelphia to Seattle, some of them under city editors who were graduated two or three years ahead of them. "So we must be on the right track — not altogether so, of course. I can tell that from the criticisms that I get now and then from our graduates who write back to mention the number of things that they didn't learn in college — as if I didn't know that already. But their criticisms indicate that we are giving them pretty good training, for if we were not, they could not write such good criticisms. "What we are doing is this: We are trying to give a college course in preparation for journalism in four years. That is a hard job. Doctors and lawyers and other pro- fessional men used to complete their college and professional courses within that period. Engineers in most institutions do that now; but society and educators have found th.it men who try to get a liberal education and a professional education within that period get only the professional education with no foundation or background to make them broadly intelligent citizens prepared to be leaders in their communities. So most of these courses have been lengthened, and those that have not been lengthened are turning out specialists who are a good deal narrower in their view of life than our best citizens ought to be. "The task is still harder in the course in journalism because the journalist ought to be a specialist not only in journalism but in citizenship. If he isn't a good citizen, if he doesn't know what makes a good citizen, if he can't judge a good citizen or good citizenship, he can't be a very good journalist. He must be today, and increasingly so Illinois Newspaper Directory and History tomorrow, a leading citizen and a spokesman of leaders, a judge of what is good and what is bad for his community, for his county, and his state; and if the university in its course in journalism cannot lay the foundations for that kind of newspaper men, then it ought not to give a course in journalism, because the man who is to have only a technical knowledge of journalism can gain that at no expense to the state. "Times change and the character and functions of the newspaper change. The newspaper was once but a sheet of harmless tattle and rumor. It grew into an organ of opinion. Great editors arose, great personalities, who really led public opinion in the community or in the state or in the whole country. Then came one who believed that the sole function of the newspaper was to tell that kind of news which would interest but not inform the largest number of people. When many respectable citizens asked James Gordon Bennett, Sr., to take a side in the great slavery discussion, in which of course both sides thought they were right and that right ought to prevail, he replied that the chambermaids of New York paid him more money than all of the leading citi- zens of the South. So he made a newspaper for chambermaids and their lovers and all of their society, and he introduced the 'chambermaid 'era in American journalism. He suc- ceeded vastly and had many imitators. And we haven't recovered yet. There are still newspapers, some of them with huge circulations, that believe the function of journalism to be a back-stairs, sewer-scouring, pandering service. And subordinate all else, and all people of other tastes, to that service. There is a great deal of cleverness in such jour- nalism, in being able to combine the service of panderers — to spread scandal and lie on one page, and hire a great preacher to write solemn thoughts on another page, and a poetess to spread a string of sentimental twaddle all the way from New York to San Francisco, and to print opposite the lies and the scandal, emotional platitudinous edito- rials that have a thin veneer of morality. And then there is the amanuensis type of journalism, perfectly clean, perfectly insipid, watery, or mushy or pasty, that indicates no function and no intelligence beyond the writing down, without selection or purpose or point, the little records of daily life. We are not trying to train newspaper men of either of these types. "There is a current of reaction already flowing strong. Clean journalism and intelligent journalism is in vogue again. It is seen in the metropolitan papers and it is seen no less in the small dailies and in the country weeklies. After a period of un- certainty of various kinds, that has affected many of them but by no means all of them, they are surely finding themselves, and gaining in strength and usefulness and dignity. "Now if university courses in journalism cannot help that tendency toward more useful, more intelligent, and more dignified journalism, then there is no reason why the university should be giving courses in journalism. This implies no Pharisaical attitude. "There are many useful and valuable things in the world which it is not the business of the university to teach, and there are no doubt kinds of journalism which it is not the business of the university to teach or which it is unable to teach. On the other hand we believe there are kinds that we ought to teach, and we have to make up our minds what those kinds are, and then we wish to appeal to the people who want to prepare for the kinds that we can prepare them for. "It is harder today to be a good citizen than it ever was before. Never were so many questions of our social well-being in so lively a state of review, reconsideration and readjustment. We are examining our churches to see whether they are doing for us what they ought to have done. We are examining our school systems and trying many experiments with them. We are examining our form of municipal government, institut- ing radical reforms therein. We are examining our state government and many details of national government. We have recently done what it was said could not be done, by 198 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History amending our national constitution. We are ceasing all along the line to accept and follow a theory because we have followed it in the past. Instead, in all of our social and political relations we are trying our best to see conditions as they actually exist and figure out the way by which they can be most improved to the greatest enhancement of public good at the least expense. "Now to be a good citizen in the modern sense, it is necessary to know what the movements in this country and other countries are that are looking to better living conditions, better health, better morals, between the classes, and then it is necessary to examine the conditions in which we are living in our own community, and to see what of the things that have been done elsewhere can be done among us to make life more worthwhile. All of these things the editor needs to know, and needs as far as possible to take the lead in them. This means obviously that he must have had a chance while he was getting his education to be brought into contact with vast stores of infor- mation, to have read a good many things, and have heard and learned a good many things, and, what is very much more important, have become aware that all of these many problems really do exist, really are being studied and solved, and that there is a vast body of information on the subject. If you once let a man clearly see what there is to be known, and where he can get it, you have gone a long way toward making a well-informed man. That, in short, is what we are trying to do, in about four-fifths of the work that we give our students in the course in journalism. In the other fifth, we are doing what we can to prepare him more specifically for the work of making newspapers. Every newspaper man knows — and we want our students to know — that the restless self-examination that is going on in every other kind of business of life is also going on in the newspapers, and that every department has to be made better, and that there are more and more departments, that the accounts have to be better kept, that our advertising matter has to be more closely scrutinized, and that our ad fields have to be more closely canvassed, that our subscription territory must be better known and better covered, that we have to be on the alert for better ideas of news sources and news values and news form; that all of these things have to be kept in mind while we are remembering that our communities are becoming better and better educated, more and more able to appreciate the refinements that come with education, more and more willing to receive even if they do not demand journalism of a finer type, showing better taste and better standards generally. "Four-fifths of the time in our course is given to laying the foundation or putting in the background for journalistic work. Let me enumerate briefly what those studies are: "As you know, every freshman who ccmes to us must take military drill and phvsical training. Certainly no newspaper man would deny the advisability of that part of our journalistic training. Every freshman must take a course in English composition, wherein we try to teach him to write simple, clear, straightforward English with sense in it. Also in the freshman year we give him an introductory course in English literature, a course in some foreign language, and one in European history. I need not stop to explain the theory on which we select each one of these things. In the second year he pursues the study of English literature and American literature, the history of the United States, American National Government, State and Local Government, and the principles of economics. In the third and fourth years he studies courses selected from the following groups: In Economics he studies Public Finance, Corporation Manage- ment, Labor Problems, Industrial Consolidation, Socialism, and Social Reform. In His- tory he chooses between the history of the United States since 1877 and the history of the Latin-American colonies down to date, or he may take both of these; add also a course in the history of Illinois, a short study of Latin-America, and a course on the Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Far East. In Political Science he studies the history of political parties in the United States, and contemporary politics. In Sociology he studies the principles of sociology and their applications to present problems. To keep the students out of the dangers that lurk in idleness, we also ask him to take a course or two in Philosophy, including Logic and Political Ethics, a course in Psychology and one in Criminology. At the same time he is also continuing his work in the study of English literature and the writing of the English language. Thus in his third and fourth years he takes a course in the history of journalism, in the literature of the Bible, and in Shakespeare, and Milton, and recent literature. He must also complete a course running through one year in the physical sciences, including botany, entomology, geology, physiology, and zoology; and finally we ask him to take a course in the study of sources of information given by the refer- ence librarian of the university, who familiarizes the student with all of the most useful and quickly available handbooks, encyclopoedias, annuals, and other volumes prepared for the use of the man who is looking for the largest number of facts in the shortest time. "All of this, you will say, except the writing of English, is not journalism. It is journalism. There is not a field covered in all of this that in the course of a year or in the course of a week the live editor will not be thankful indeed to know something of. "Even though he may not have occasion to write editorials on any subject to which his knowledge of these fields will contribute, and even though he is handling no political news he is reading political news, he is trying to keep up with the times, and by the studies that I have here enumerated he is infinitely more adequately prepared to read the news and the discussions of current affairs, and understand them and make up his mind independently about them. "These things all have their direct bearing upon journalism, as all of you know, because there isn't anything in the world that is foreign to the business of the jour- nalist; but we do offer the courses bearing more directly upon this work. Mr. Harrington will tell you about those in some detail; I shall stop only to mention them. In the second year the journalism students have a course in news-writing, and one in inter- viewing, newspaper correspondence, organization, and the mechanical details of the newspaper. In his junior and senior years we offer him courses in the writing of edito- rials and special articles, in editorial practice, in newspaper problems, in the writing of the short story, in the collecting, writing and editing of news, and in the making of a country newspaper. — Frank W. Scott." The Fifty-Second Annual Meeting of the Illinois Press Association was held at the Hotel Sherman, Chicago, July 11, 12 and 13, 1917. Speaker Shanahan at the first day's session spoke on recent legislation enacted in the legislature and Congressman Henry Rathbone talked of the duty of all the citizens to support the government. The Espionage bill, military censorship and other war problems were discussed. A heated discussion was held on the news-print situation. Members telling of their experiences revealed that prices they were paying ranged from $2.50 to $6 per hundred pounds and the supply was uncertain even at the higher figures. A resolution was passed demanding laws authorizing the Federal Trade Commission to fix the price and regulate the sale of print paper. Thomas Rees, Springfield, who offered the resolution, directed that telegrams notifying them of the Association's action be sent to the President and the members of Congress. 200 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "Commandeering Advertising Space" in the newspapers was condemned by N. A. Huse, vice president of the American Press Association. He said that the government has no more right to expect or demand space in the newspapers for the support of war bonds, Red Cross activities, or any other governmental function than to demand free service of any other business. He said it tends to cheapen newspaper space which is the commodity offered by the publisher. Thorough support of the president and his war program was voted by the members and also a severe rebuke to "carping fault finding that is rapidly nearing disloyalty." The officers elected were: President, H. U. Bailey, Bureau County Republican, Princeton; Vice Presidents, S. P. Preston, Gillespie News; L. R. Murray, Mercantile Co-operator, Mazon; J. R. Crowley, Freeport Daily Journal-Standard; Secretary, H. L. Williamson, Springfield; Treasurer, John R. Marshall, Yorkville Record. The newly-elected first vice president, S. P. Preston, who had become one of the great leaders of the Association, had been editor of the Gillspie News since 190 5 when he established the paper. He later succeeded to the chairmanship of the Association's executive committee, a post which he held for many years. 1918 The Fifty-Third Annual Meeting of the Illinois Press Association was held at Champaign-Urbana on May 23, 24 and 25, 1918. The President, H. U. Bailey, editor of the Bureau County Republican, Princeton, called the meeting to order. The address of welcome was given by William B. McKinley, then Congressman from Champaign, and James E. McClure, Carlinville Democrat, made the response. Mr. Bailey gave the annual President's address. Subscription rates was the first topic, being discussed for the weekly and semi-weekly by E. H. Childress, Wayne County Press, Fairfield, and Fred B. Blazer, Aledo Times-Record; and for the daily by Senator Thomas Rees, Illinois State Register, Springfield. Verne E. Joy, Centralia Sentinel, spoke on "A Percentage System for Getting Results from Carrier Boys on Dailies, and Sug- gestions on Getting Foreign Advertising Without Having a Special Representative." The Thursday afternoon session opened with an address, "Heavens and Hells of an Editor's Life," by B. E. Pinkerton, Monmouth Daily Atlas. The next speaker was B. S. Herbert, editor of National Printer Journalist, and son of a former member of the Association, the late B. B. Herbert, who was the father of the National Editorial Associa- tion. Mr. Herbert's subject was "Running a Country Newspaper in a Large City." Frank D. Whipp, Fiscal Supervisor of the State Department of Public Welfare, spoke on "State Institutions." The topic of success in District Press organization work was taken up by the fol- lowing men: Paul R. Goddard, President of the Peoria District Press Association and editor of the Tazewell County Reporter, Washington; I. S. Dunn, President of the Central Illinois Rural Press Association and editor of the Divernon News; George S. Flint, President of the Military Tract Association and editor of the Yates City Banner; F. A. Feare, President of the Eastern Illinois Press Association and editor of the Paris Daily Beacon; W. O. Paisley, President of the Southern Illinois Editorial Association and editor of the Marion Daily Leader; and R. J. Peacock, President of the Suburban Publisher's Association and editor of the Jeffersonian, Irving Park, Chicago. The newspaper in politics was discussed by A. T. Spivey, President of the Southern Illinois Republican Editorial Association and editor of the East St. Louis Daily Journal. At four o'clock that afternoon the members were taken in automobiles to the University of Illinois where they saw a special drill of the university regiment with 2,200 men in uniform, and inspected the university buildings and grounds. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History On Thursday evening the members assembled again for a session and were ad- dressed by the Honorable H. C. Hotaling, Mapleton, Minnesota, President of the National Editorial Association, and H. F. Harrington, head of the "School of Journalism," Uni- versity of Illinois, Mr. Hotaling urged organized effort of newspaper men to have an executive committeeman in each state and a representative of the country newspapers in Washington to see that they were given a fair deal. He also stated that intense economy was necessary to pull the newspapers through the year without a paper famine. He asked the co-operation of the Illinois Press Association with the National Association and a good delegation to the N.E.A. convention in Little Rock, Arkansas, in the summer. The Friday morning session was opened by a solo by Mrs. Helen Brown Read, dramatic soprano of Jacksonville. The first topic discussed was advertising rates — those for the weekly and semi-weekly being taken up by Thomas J. Howorth, Chester Tribune; and for the daily by John H. Harrison, Danville Commercial-News, and W. J. Smith, Waukegan Sun. "Increased Advertising and How to Secure It," was discussed by Harris Dante of Terre Haute, Indiana. A general discussion was held on the American Press Association Gold Medal contract. A. S. Leckie, editor of the Joliet Herald-News, and president of the Illinois Daily Press Association, delivered an address on the paper shortage. He said that the Daily Press Association was considering the advertising problems and suggested the formation of an Amalgamated Order of Newspaper Publishers for concerted action instead of talk. The Honorable Charles E. Woodward of Ottawa spoke on "The Administrative Code of Illinois." He outlined the work of the state government and said that Illinois had led the way in practical and sane administrative reform. On Friday afternoon E. K. Whiting, Owatonna, Minnesota, was on the program to speak on "A Practical Cost System for Newspapers," but could not attend. He sent, however, a letter containing the following: "In arriving at the cost of newspaper production it is necessary that the paper be treated the same as work done for other customers of the shop. Every issue should be given a job ticket and against this issue should be charged the net cost of the print paper used, plus 20 percent to cover the cost of stock handling and selling expense. The time used in the hand composition, machine composition, press room and mailing room should be multiplied by the solid hour cost in these various departments, and these items added to the cost of the stock, gives the mechanical cost of producing the issue of the paper. "The simplest method of securing the correct selling price of advertising is to take the total cost of producing the paper for a year. To this add 2 5 percent profit. From this amount deduct the total receipts from legals, locals and subscriptions. The re- mainder divided by the total number of inches of display advertising carried during the year will give the selling price, which will produce 2 5 percent over and above the cost of production. To illustrate, I give below the cost data for one ten and twelve page all home print newspaper with a circulation of 1,900 net paid subscribers: Total cost for year 1916 $10,761.11 Adding 25 percent profit , 2,690.28 $13,451.39 Less Legals, Locals, and Subscriptions 4,205.99 Divided by 36,547 inches 9,245.40 Selling price, display advertising — 2 5.3 cents per inch. 202 Illinois Newspaper Dirictory and History "This same newspaper with increased hour cost for 1917 and with a 'tighter' paper, showed a selling price of 32.5 cents an inch. "Another similar paper where editorial and reportorial expense is small showed a selling price of 24.5 cents for 1916 and 26.1 cents for 1917. "One tri- weekly paper which published 1,134 pages in 1916, showed a selling price of 23.3 cents an inch and 26.5 cents for 1917. "Another eight-page home print paper with large receipts from legals in 1916 showed a selling price of 19.2 cents, while in 1917 with curtailed receipts from legals showed a selling price of 30 cents an inch. "The cost per page is a valuable thing to know when confronted with the question of adding additional pages to carry a peak load of advertising. Without this informa- tion the publisher is too apt to issue two or four additional pages, never knowing that the added advertising revenue may not cover half of the additional cost of production. The following are the page costs of some of the country weeklies for 1916: Class A paper (8 and 12 page, 2,000-3,000 circulation) .... $15.03 Class A paper .... 14.95 Tri-weekly paper (1,134 pages). ... 13.25 Class B paper (8 pages, 1,000-1,500 circulation) .... 12.11 Class B paper 12.01 "That you may not be misled by the above page costs, I would call your attention to the fact that the increased cost of production and tightening of the paper is very materially increasing the page cost. In the case of the Class A paper with a page cost of $15.03 for 1916, the cost jumped to $17.82 in 1917. The one with a page cost of $14.95 jumped to $18.56 in 1917. The only data I have on a class B paper shows an increased page cost from $12.01 to $15.90 in 1917. "Many of the country publishers attribute their increased newspaper cost largely to the increased cost of print paper, but this is not the case. In our own office the cost of print paper per page was: Print Paper 1917 $ 1.737 1916 . 1.017 Increased cost of print $ .720 Production Costs 1917 per page. $17.82 1916 per page . . 15.03 Print increase .72 Increased hour costs and tightening of paper . 2.07 $17.82 "By the above figures it will be seen that the increase due to higher price of print paper was only 2 5 percent, while 75 percent was due to increased hour costs and tighten- ing of the paper." "Print Paper" was discussed by J. L. Fearing, Western Manager of the International Paper Company, and by Senator Thomas Rees, Illinois State Register, Springfield. The Honorable George Hosmer, chairman of the Legislative Committee of the National Editorial Association, Denver, Colorado, gave an address touching on the subjects of national legislation, print paper, and postal rates. 203 Illinois Newspaper. Directory and History "Internal Revenue and Income Tax" was discussed by John M. Rapp of the Wayne County Record, Fairfield; and J. M. Page, Jersey ville Democrat, spoke on "Passed and Proposed Legislation for Illinois." An informal reception was held for the ladies Friday afternoon in the home of Mrs. B. F. Harris, Champaign. At the annual banquet that evening B. F. Harris, Presi- dent of the First National Bank of Champaign, presided as toastmaster. John M. Sheets, editor of the Oblong Oracle, spoke on the "Illinois Press Associa- tion." Addresses were delivered by Dr. F. W. Shepardson, director of the Department of Education and Registration for the State of Illinois; and by Dr. Edmund J. James, President of the University of Illinois; and Senator Hugh S. Magill, Jr., Springfield. On Saturday morning special cars took the members to Rantoul to visit the United States Aviation Field. At noon the ladies of Rantoul served a chicken dinner to the party and gave a very pleasing program. Afterwards they watched an exhibition flight of thirty to forty aeroplanes. The officers elected were: President, S. P. Preston, Gillespie News; Vice Presidents, B. J. Herbert, National Printer Journalist, Chicago; I. S. Dunn, Divernon News; Paul R. Goddard, Tazewell County Reporter, Washington; Secretary, H. L. Williamson, Spring- field; Treasurer, B. E. Pinkerton, Monmouth Atlas; Executive Committee, John M. Sheets, Oblong Oracle; L. R. Murray, Mercantile Co-operator, Mazon; Charles Mead, Geneva Republican; Legislative Committee, J. M. Page, Jersey ville Democrat; H. U. Bailey, Bureau County Republican, Princeton. 1919 The Fifty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the Illinois Press Association was held June 27 and 28 at the Hotel Sherman in Chicago in 1919. More than 300 members were present. The convention partook largely of a jollification meeting over the passage by the general assembly of the new laws pertaining to legal publications. The provisions of the new statutes were quoted in the Publishers Auxiliary as follows: Provisions of the New Statutes "Public officials of this state ire henceforth required to have published in some newspaper of their town or county a complete list of all disbursements, and to whom such moneys are paid, and also complete assessment lists, according to laws passed by the general assembly which has just adjourned and which have been signed by the governor. A penalty of a fine or imprisonment or both for failure to have such pub- lication made is provided. "The bills are two of three referring to legal publication work sponsored by mem- bers of the Illinois Press Association under the leadership of S. P. Preston, publisher of the Gillespie News, and H. L. Williamson, Springfield, state printer and Secretary of the Association. The new laws will mean thousands of dollars in added revenue to the publishers of the state and will also be of benefit to the people who will be able to learn how their money is spent. The bills were introduced by Representative Shurtleff and are known as house bills Nos. 461, 462 and 463. "House bill 461 requires the custodians of public money to file and publish state- ments of receipts and disbursements thereof, the statement to be subscribed and sworn to by the public officer making such statement, within 30 days after the expiration of the year. "The public officer is also required within 30 days after the expiration of the fiscal year, 'to cause a true, complete and correct copy of such statement to be published one Illinois Newspaper Directory and History time in a newspaper published in the town, district or municipality in which such public officer holds his office, or, if no newspaper is printed and published in such town, district or municipality, then in a newspaper printed in the English language published in the county in which such public officer resides. " 'The publisher of the newspaper in which a copy of such statement is published shall, within ten days after the publication of such statement, file in the office of the county clerk a certificate of such publication with a printed copy of such statement attached, stating the number of times which the same shall have been published, and the dates of the first and last papers containing the same. " 'The cost of such publication shall be paid by the public officer causing such publication to be made and shall be paid out of the funds in his hands. " 'Any public officer, or any publisher, subject to the provisions of this act, failing, neglecting or refusing to discharge any duty imposed upon him by this act shall, for each offense, forfeit the sum of not less than $25 nor more than $500 to be recovered in an action of debt in the name of the people of the State of Illinois for the use of any person who may sue for the same.' "House bill No. 462 provides that, 'When any notice, advertisement, proclamation, statement, proposal, ordinance or proceedings of an official body or board or any other matter or material is required by law by the order or rule of any court to be published in any newspaper, the face of type in which such publication shall be made shall be the same as the body type used in the classified advertising in the newspaper in which such publication is made. The minimum reasonable rate shall be 10 cents per line for each insertion. A standard measure of 1 3 ems pica shall constitute a line.' "House bill No. 463 makes the following provisions: 'As soon as the county assessor or supervisor of assessments shall have completed the assessment he shall cause to be published a full and complete list of such assessment by township or assessment districts, which publication shall be made on or before July 10 of each year in some public newspaper or newspapers printed and published in said county: Provided, that in every township or assessment district in which there is published one or more news- papers of general circulation the list of such township or assessment district shall be published in one of said newspapers so printed and published in said township or assess- ment district. " 'And, provided, that said newspaper shall not receive for the publishing of said assessment list to exceed five ( 5 ) cents per name for each person or corporation so assessed, and ten (10) cents for each description of real estate, and if impossible to secure publication at that price, that the publication be let to the lowest bidder at a price not exceeding five cents per tract, and shall furnish to the county assessor, the county supervisor of assessments and the board of review as many copies of said paper containing the assessment list as they may require, said papers so furnished not to exceed five (5) cents per copy; " 'Provided, further, that after the year 1907, the publication shall only be of the assessment of personal property and the changes made, if any, in real estate, but the real estate assessment shall be published in full every four (4) years, beginning with the year 1907; "'Provided, further, that in counties of 125,000 inhabitants or over, no assess- ment of real estate shall be published as herein provided until such assessment shall have been equalized, revised or affirmed by the board of review, and when the board of review shall have acted upon the assessment list of real property, as herein provided in the year 1907 and every four years thereafter, the assessors and board of review shall cause to be published a full and complete list of such assessment on real propertv, 205 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History together with all changes made by the board of review under the authority of this act, such changes to be indicated in a separate column, such publication to be in pamphlet form by election districts in lieu of publication in a newspaper; " 'And provided, that the board of review shall cause to be mailed to each tax- payer in said election precinct a copy of the said list for his precinct; " 'Provided, further, that in case said assessment is not published in conformity with law and was not mailed in accordance with the provisions of this act, the failure to so publish the same or mail the same shall not be considered as a valid objection to a judgment for tax sale in the county court. The expense of such printing and publication shall be paid out of the county treasury.' " The meeting was called to order Friday morning by President S. P. Preston, Gillespie News, and both the morning and afternoon sessions were devoted to talks on business matters. L. M. Wood of Sumner led a discussion on the value of better county organization among publishers. Advertising rates were discussed by Fred Rolens of the Murphys- boro Weekly, and J. M. Sheets of the Oblong Oracle. At the afternoon session sub- scription rates and the cash-in-advance system were the principal topices. E. E. Camp- bell of the Alton Daily Times spoke on "Our Duty to the Advertiser," urging that publishers help the small advertiser, teach him how to advertise and uphold honesty in advertising. At the business session on Saturday President Preston, in his annual address, con- gratulated the members of the association on the passage of the new laws referring to legal publication and urged that the organization keep up the work begun to improve the condition of the press of the state. Collecting for legal advertising, printing office efficiency, and the value of the cost system were other subjects taken up. J. E. McClure gave an interesting history of the organization since its inception fifty-three years before. Only one charter member, George Burt, publisher of the Henry Republican, was alive in 1919, he said. Upon unanimous passage of a resolution the following telegram was sent to Governor Frank O. Lowden: "It is the wish of the Illinois Press Association, a non-partisan organization, that you become a candidate for the Republican nomination for President of the United States." The telegram was signed by the President of the Association, S. P. Preston, a Democrat. Two internal political organizations were formed, a Democratic Editorial Asso- ciation and a Republican Editorial Association of Illinois. It was the belief of the organizations that through the central committees and officials of the Republican and Democratic editors' organization questions involving united action along political lines could be settled. The Republicans chose as officers: A. T. Spivey, East St. Louis, president; M. F. Walsh, Harvard Herald, secretary; and John H. Harrison, Danville Commercial-lNewa, treasurer. The Democrats elected E. E. Campbell, Alton, president; J. M. Sheets, Oblong Oracle, secretary; and S. P. Preston, treasurer. The only official action taken was the passage of the following resolution: "Resolved, That the Democratic editors of Illinois do hereby endorse the administration of President Wilson and heartily approve the League of Nations." The officers elected for the Illinois Press Association as a whole were: President, James E. McClure, Carlinville Democrat; Vice Presidents, Mrs. John T. Galbraith, 206 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Cirbondale Free Press; Paul R. Goddard, Tazewell County Reporter, Washington; Charles 1 . Renich, Woodstock Sentinel; Secretary, H. I . Williamson, Springfield, publisher of the Illinois Publisher, official organ of the association; Treasurer, B. E. Pinkerton, Mon- mouth Atlas; Executive Committee, S. P. Preston, Gillespie News; Charles Mead, Geneva Republican; John H. Harrison, Danville Commercial-News; John Sheets, Oblong Oracle; L. R. Murray, Chicago Mercantile Co-operator. The convention closed with a banquet at which Charles W. Bliss of the Hillsboro News acted as toastmaster. Henry Rathbone, Chicago, gave an address in which he said that despite the signing of the peace treaty Americans have a tremendous fight on their hands to maintain the principles for which the war was fought. John H. Harrison, Danville Commercial-News, told of a trip through France before the Armistice. State Senator Harold Kessinger of Aurora asked the editors for support of vocational training throughout the state; Congressman William B. McKinley, Champaign, talked on the League of Nations; and Edward D. Shurtleff, Marengo, majority leader in the Illinois house of representatives, paid a tribute to the country editor. 207 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Chapter IX The Association Adopts the University 1920 The Fifty-Fifth Annual Meeting of the Illinois Press Association was held in Springfield on July 15 and 16, 1920. The meeting was called to order in the Repre- sentative's hall by President James E. McClure of the Carlinville Democrat. Albert Guest, local tenor, sang and L. R. Murray, of the Mercantile Co-operator, Chicago, chaplain, led the devotional services. The address of welcome was given by Edward Press, assistant state's attorney. B. E. Pinkerton, Monmouth Atlas, treasurer of the association made the response for the editors. A Round Table discussion on "National, State, District, and County Editorial Organizations," was opened by H. U. Bailey of the Bureau County Republican, Princeton. Other speakers who urged one hundred percent organization throughout Illinois were Benjamin Herbert, National Printer Journalist, Chicago, and W. J. Smith, Waukegan Sun. Mr. Herbert in his address on the subject said that experience had shown that employment of an officer to look after this work brought the best results. Mrs. H. C. Hotaling, wife of the field secretary of the National Editorial Association, gave a splendid address on the work of the national association. A second Round Table discussion was held in the afternoon on the subjects: "The New Law As It Relates to Advertising," referring to the law governing rates for legal publications; and "Some Hard Problems," concerning everyday work in the office. The most serious problem was the lack of efficient help. Walter Williams, Dean of the School of Journalism at the University of Missouri, and president of the World's Press Congress, addressed the association on the subject, "Those Who Look Out of the Window." He said that reporters were often forced to look through "painted screens instead of open windows," and flayed peace time censor- ship of news dispatches in making a plea for freedom of the press. The chief duties of the newspaper, he said, were furnishing reliable and unbiased news to the reading public, warning against the danger of becoming hysteric over uncertain social and economic conditions, and advancing constructive criticism on all important subjects. At the Friday morning session Round Table discussion was taken up on the matter of "Job Work, Local and Foreign Advertising and Subscriptions." Courtland Smith, New York, President of the American Press Association, in an address declared that "advertising matter is of much more importance than reading matter." He said: "If there is a shortage of paper cut out the reading matter and print the ads. The people want to read the ads and they believe your advertisement more than they believe the news. When they see an advertisement signed by some firm or business they read and believe it, but people are not always so certain about the credibility of the news stories." In condemning free advertising for the government. Smith said: "Take the railroad situation for example. It is only because there are im- portant changes and situations which the people must know about that the rail- 208 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History roads get so much free publicity. The newspapers can't afford it. The railroad-. should pay for space in which to tell the people of the changes and they should pay just as a manufacturer has to pay for advertising to tell about his products. "The newspaper is not a servant of the public. The old fallacy that the news- paper should unselfishly give away valuable space to all sorts of purposes should be exploded. A newspaper is a business just as much as a shoe dealer's business." In another part of his speech, Mr. Smith said the country newspaper does not realize the value of its space and has failed in most cases to take advantage of the golden opportunities that await the editor or publisher who adopts rigid business methods. "The country newspaper doesn't make money on foreign advertisements be- cause it is so hard to get in touch with the average country newspaper," he said. "Why don't the big manufacturers advertise in the country newspaper instead of the big magazines? Because the big magazines get in touch with them and it is easy for the manufacturer to put an ad in a big magazine. There is so much red tape and correspondence necessary to get foreign advertising in the country news- paper that the advertising agent is opposed to dealing with them. But the adver- tising agent would be only too glad to deal with them if the publishers would get on a business basis with the big manufacturers and make it easy to reach them." Mr. Smith's talk was followed by five minute discussions on the subject by members. George W. Harper, editor of the Robinson Argus, told of the change he had witnessed in the newspaper business since he started fifty-six years ago. Mr. Harper had been a member of the association for fifty years and was one of the pioneers in the organization. The newsprint problem was then taken up as the subject of a Round Table dis- cussion and some of the members talked on the situation, and what should be done to relieve it. Courtland Smith spoke again on this subject, saying that there was a hide-bound trust on newsprint and that the only solution was in Congressional action and in co-operative buying. Jason Rogers, publisher of the New York Globe, who was to address the asso- ciation, was unable to come and telegraphed his regrets. The Franklin price list was discussed by several of the members. J. C. Leonard of Decatur gave his views on the subject and stressed the benefits of a uniform price list. Barney Mulaney of Chicago, of the Illinois committee on public utilities information addressed the meeting. According to the custom of the association the Democratic faction had the privilege of naming the president as the retiring president, James E. McClure, Carlinville Demo- crat, was a Republican. Paul R. Goddard, Tazewell County Reporter, Washington, was named in the Democratic caucus and was elected to the presidency. Other officers were: Vice Presidents, Benjamin Herbert, National Printer Journalist, Chicago; Fred Rolens, Murphysboro; Miss Lillian Wright, Lexington Unit; Secretary, H. L. Williamson, Spring- field; Treasurer, W. J. Smith, Waukegan Sun; Executive Committee, S. P. Preston, Gillespie News; Charles Mead, Geneva Republican; John H. Harrison, Danville Com- mercial-News; John M. Sheets, Oblong Oracle; L. R. Murray, Chicago Mercantile Co-operator; Legislative Committee, J. M. Page, Jersey ville Democrat; H. U. Bailey, Bureau County Republican, Princeton. The two-day meeting closed with a banquet at the St. Nicholas Hotel at which President McClure was toastmaster. Seated at the speaker's table were the past presi- dents of the association. Mr. McClure gave the annual president's address at this time, making a plea for organization of editors and publishers in view of the serious problems of the time, namely the ever increasing cost of materials, the print paper situation and others. Owen Scott, Decatur, spoke for the past presidents. He told of the progress 2 09 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History of the association and reminisced over the news "game" in Illinois. Dean Williams of Missouri in responding to a toast, declared that business is not the only thing in life and that newsprint and ink are but instruments to fulfill the mission of the press. The retiring president, Mr. McClure, was given a rising vote of thanks for his untiring efforts in bringing together the largest number of members ever assembled at a state meeting, about 400. At a separate meeting the internal organization, the Democratic Editorial Asso- ciation, elected E. E. Campbell, Alton, president, and J. M. Sheets, Oblong Oracle, secretary. A resolution was drafted congratulating Governor Cox on his nomination and pledging the support of the association in his coming presidential campaign. 1921 A conference of the editors of Illinois newspapers was called by President David Kinley, of the University of Illinois, at Champaign, for Friday afternoon, January 28th, 1921. It had the character of a meeting of the association though not so designated. President Kinley stated in the letter of invitation he sent the publishers that at the suggestion of several editors in the state the meeting was being called that the newspaper men might familiarize themselves with the work of the state university. Since most of them, he said, were vitally interested in the courses in journalism and in agriculture, engineering and commerce, they would be interested in the work being done and their readers would profit by learning of it from them. He proposed to put before them the manner in which research work had been diminished and the regular university work curtailed by the financial crisis through which they were passing. President Kinley, as an ex-newspaper man, was well aware of the importance of the newspaper, especially in relation to the welfare of the university, and as the one medium by which the university can be interpreted to its owners — the taxpayers, who are readers of the newspapers of Illinois. The editors met at the University campus in the Union building and were addressed by President Kinley and H. F. Harrington, head of the courses in journalism. In the evening they were the guests of Dr. Kinley at a dinner at the Hotel Beardsley. That the editors were impressed by the work of the University and at the general curtailment and cramped conditions is evidenced by the following resolution passed at the conclusion of the dinner: "We, as editors, who have been shown, stand ready to send out an appeal to our people that the needs of the university are now at a critical stage. Owing to the doubling of the attendance and the additional costs of maintenance, valuable departments are being curtailed. This is especially noticeable in the agricultural and engineering departments. Unless the legislature comes to their aid and makes adequate and reasonable appropriations, our great school will be badly crippled. We, therefore, appeal to the people of our state to back their representatives in the state Legislature and see that fair and adequate appropriations are made. We believe we owe this to our young people. We recommend that this brief statement of facts be sent out to all the editors of our state. We hope they will pass this appeal on to their people." The Fifty-sixth Annual Meeting of the Illinois Press Association was held at Spring- field in the Hall of Representatives on May 27th and 28th, 1921. Paul R. Goddard, Tazewell County Reporter, Washington, President of the Association, was in the chair. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History The first day of the program was devoted to the business affairs of the publishers. Horace Crihfield of the Atlanta Argus opened a discussion on whether or not a news- paper, especially one printed in a small city, should accept advertising from business houses in other cities. He said that he was in favor of newspapers taking any kind of legitimate advertising. S. P. Preston, Gillespie News, said that he believed a newspaper should build up its home city as much as possible and should not accept advertising from other cities. The second day was given over to public welfare work, the publishers discussing means of bettering their own communities and the country in general during the recon- struction times. President Goddard is quoted by the Bloomington Pantagraph as follows: "How Illinois newspaper editors can concentrate their efforts for the betterment of their own town, the state and the nation during reconstruction times, is the principal topic to be taken up at the fifty-sixth annual meeting of the Illinois Press Association. "With a membership of between 300 and 400 the association plans to map out a public welfare program for the editors and publishers of the state. "Another thing the newspapers need is a non-partisan publicity bureau in Wash- ington and Springfield. All the various departments of government put out their own publicity and bulletins. This should be done for all departments by a bureau. Reams of partisan news are written by private bureaus but the government should maintain its own bureau. Our scheme is to put four members in authority over the bureau at Washington, two members appointed by the majority party and two from the minority. Let them see that the bureau disseminates only news of a non-partisan character." In his annual address the president urged the need of a more complete organization of the publishers of Illinois. A plan was adapted for a drive at some date in the future at which time an endeavor would be made to organize each county. The convention went on record in opposition to Representative S. B. Turner's libel bill, House bill 653, and Senate bill 444, known as the Essington combination bill. A resolution opposing the proposed federal zone law also was adopted. The report of the committee on organization was made by the chairman, S. P. Preston of the Gillespie News. The plan provided for a press organization in each county of the state, and meetings for each senatorial district, at which a speaker from the state organization should be present to urge members of the county organization to join the Illinois Press Association. Benjamin S. Herbert of National Printer Journalist, Chicago, gave an address urging the establishment of a non-partisan publicity bureau by the federal government. He said this would weed out the chaff sent out by the government publicity bureau, as from twenty to thirty pamphlets were often received in a day by the editor of a news- paper from the United States Bureau of Publicity only to find their way into the waste basket. Officials of the Illinois Press Association in taking precautions against the over- looking of officials of cities, villages, school districts, etc., of the publication of their financial reports as required by the law of the state, sent a letter to each such official, reminding him of his duty in thus protecting the people and the office holders. President Goddard, in his term of office, had written to Governor-elect Len Small, asking for the reappointment of H. L. Williamson, Secretary of the Association, as state superintendent of printing at Springfield. During his term in office President Goddard had sent out a letter to merchants urging them to appreciate the value of their home-town paper and the necessity for supporting it as the most potent agency in a progressive community. Illinois Newspaper Dirfctory and History Officers elected for 1921-1922 were: President, Benjamin S. Herbert, National Printer Journalist, Chicago; Vice Presidents, Fred W. Rolens, Murphysboro Independent; C. R. Denson, Minonk News; Frederick B. Blazer, Aledo Times-Record; Secretary, H. L. Williamson, Springfield, state superintendent of printing; Treasurer, W. J. Smith, Waukegan Sun; Chaplain, R. W. Jones, Johnston City Progress; Executive Committee, John M. Sheets, Oblong Oracle; Paul R. Goddard, Tazewell County Reporter, Washing- ton; Legislative Committee, James E. McClure, Carlinville Democrat; Joseph M. Page, Jersey ville Democrat; H. U. Bailey, Bureau County Republican, Princeton. A social feature of the meeting was a reception given by Governor and Mrs. Small on Friday evening in the governor's mansion. The editors were conducted through the rooms of the mansion and were entertained with music and refreshments. The meeting closed on Saturday evening with a banquet at the St. Nicholas Hotel. President Goddard, in presenting the Honorable Thomas Rees, of the Springfield Stat.' Register, toastmaster, said that it was befitting that he should act as toastmaster as the oldest papers established in Illinois were published in Springfield — the Illinois State Register and the Illinois State Journal. Mr. Rees in his speech represented the newspaper as the thin middle of the hour glass through which was poured the money of the adver- tisers, many of whom had made a success of their business from the publicity given their goods in newspaper advertising. This money, he said, sifted down through the thin middle of the glass to be poured out through the bottom, representing the manufacturers of paper, the telegraph companies and others who benefited through the newspaper business and grew rich on their receipts from this source. He thought it was time for the newspapers to get their share of the money which they received. Mr. Rees introduced the Honorable Percival G. Rennich, Peoria, who took for his subject, "A Card of Thanks to Our Forefathers." James E. McClure, Carlinville Demo- crat, assistant director of the state department of public welfare, told of the influence the editor exerted in his community. The rightful position of the editor is strongest in his community, he said. George L. Tipton, clerk of the appellate court at Springfield and former editor of the Girard Gazette, spoke along the same line, urging the editor to make a success of his paper and gain the respect and confidence of his community by taking advantage of his opportunities. Governor Len Small was represented at the banquet by Senator Richard Meents, of Ashkum, who told of the administration's road building program. Some fifty or sixty editors and their wives stayed over in Springfield until Sunday morning and were driven out to the New Salem State park, the site of Abraham Lincoln's old home near Petersburg, some thirty miles from Springfield. That the association was important to the members between meetings and that considerable effort was put forth in behalf of the organization is shown by a letter from the president which was used as the basis of an article in the Publishers Auxiliary of July 9, 1921. Benjamin S. Herbert, National Printer Journalist, Chicago, President of the Illinois Press Association, told of the work of the new officers during one month in office. "All members who had not paid their dues were circularized and the responses were very encouraging. The secretary, H. L. Williamson, of Springfield, opened a new set of books and prepared several complete lists of the nearly 400 members. "A committee of three members of the association had started upon a campaign to educate Congress to the value of a non-partisan press bureau in Washington, to act as a clearing house of information for the federal government and the newspapers. "President Herbert had telegraphed the chairman of the House committee on post offices and post roads at Washington in behalf of the country publishers of Illinois, Ii i in ois Xi vi si-aim k Directory and History demanding a hearing on the Longworth bill. Special delivery letters were sent to all county-seat publishers in the state on June 2 5th urging them to wire the governor to veto Senate Bill Xo. 276, which would kill the law providing for the publication of delinquent tax lists. "Letters were sent to the entire membership urging the observation of July 2d as "Clean-up Day," giving full credit to Roy T. Porte for the idea. The President and Secretary worked out details of a plan to make September 1st, 1921 "round-up day." On that day all the active members of the Association were to concentrate their efforts in securing new members for the association, and all county organizations were to meet to formulate their plans for local activity. "Secretary Williamson had furnished the Illinois Historical Society with a record of service of the newspapers of Illinois during the recent war period." Illinois At the World Press Congress The members of the Illinois Press Association took an active interest in the meeting of the Press Congress of the World in Hawaii, October 10th to November 1st of this year. H. U. Bailey, editor of the Bureau County Republican, Princeton, former president of the association and son of its founder, J. W. Bailey, was one of the principal speakers. His place on the program was a tribute to the press of Illinois and to his and his father's paper which had become the largest country weekly in the world. The title of his address was "The Building of Circulation." In addition to Mr. Bailey there were present at the Congress from Illinois: Mrs. H. U. Bailey, Princeton; E. H. Childress, Wayne County Press, Fairfield; Mrv Mabel S. Shaw, Evening Telegraph, Dixon; William J. Smith, Daily Sun, Waukegan, and others. The Fifty-seventh Annual Meeting of the Illinois Press Association was held at the Hotel Morrison in Chicago, April 27, 28 and 29, 1922. President Benjamin Herbert, National Printer Journalist, Chicago, presided. One item in the arrangements for this meeting made by President Herbert and the Secretary, H. L. Williamson, Springfield, was the agreement of all the railroads to give advertising enough to cover fare for members of the association and members ot their families, so that the transportation feature did not involve an additional cash outlay. Those who arrived for the first day's activities enjoyed an automobile ride over the park and boulevard system and to the plant of the Universal Cement Compan\ at Buffington, Indiana, where luncheon was served. The plant of the company was inspected by the visitors under the guidance of Charles R. Pickard acting as host for the company. The party returned to Chicago in time to dine and attend a theatre party at the new Chicago theatre where the mezzanine floor had been reserved by Balaban & Katz for the editorial guests. The real business of the meeting began Friday morning when President Herbert called the gathering to order in the Cameo room of the Morrison hotel at 9 o'clock. The address of welcome was extended by Edward E. Gore, president of the Chicago Association of Commerce, and responded to by J. E. McClure, Carlinville Democrat. The first address was "The Xewspaper As An Ethical Influence in Reconstruction," by S. J. Duncan-Clark of the Chicago Evening Post, followed by "The Newspaper Laws of Illinois," by William W. Loomis, LaGrange Citizen; and "Building a Xews- paper," by Allen T. Spivey, East St. Louis Journal. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Luncheon was served in the Chicago Printers' Supplyroom by the Chicago Printers Supplymen's Club, and while members were at the tables pictures of the University of Illinois were shown. In the afternoon a number of especially well-prepared addresses were delivered, including: "The Advantages of Settling Commercial Disputes by Arbitration," by Judge J. Kent Greene of the arbitration bureau, Chicago Association of Commerce; "The Case of the Advertising Agency," by John Benson, chairman of the western council of American Association of Agencies; "Agents' Commission to Advertisers," by Jarvis A. Wood, N. W. Ayer & Son, Philadelphia; "Newspaper Printing," by George Myers, associate editor of the National Printer Journalist. At 6:30 the Chicago Association of Commerce entertained the editorial convention at a banquet at the Hotel Morrison, which was attended by more than 500. Entertain- ment following the dinner included a radio program and a number of speeches by members of the C. A. of C. and others. State Senator Cuthbertson of Bunker Hill, the first speaker, was followed by G. L. Noble of the Illinois relations committee of the host body. Other speakers were Mr. Kelly, manager of Mandel's department store; Dr. John Dill Robertson, former commissioner of health of Chicago and then president of the Chicago Boosters' Publicity Club; William Hale Thompson, Mayor of Chicago; and E. E. Gore, president of the Association of Commerce. The first address on Saturday morning was an account of the meeting of the Press Congress of the World at Honolulu, by H. U. Bailey, Bureau County Republican, Princeton. He was followed by S. P. Preston, Gillespie News, who read an extremely interesting paper on "Possibilities of County Organization." "Buying Newspaper Space" was the subject of Mark L. Febler of the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, Akron, Ohio, and after Secretary Williamson had opened the question box and various problems had been discussed for some time, the morning program closed with the paper of Carl E. Roth, of the North Shore Citizen, Chicago, on "Making Up the Pages of a Newspaper." After convening in the afternoon the first address was "Getting Newspaper Adver- tising," by Verne E. Joy, Centralia Sentinel. This talk was followed by one on "National Advertising for Illinois Newspapers," by Irl H. Marshall of the Mendota Sun-Bulletin. Reports of committees were then taken up. Past President Paul R. Goddard, for the committee on school of journalism for the state university, recommended that, instead of classes in journalism for the state university, there be established a department of journalism at the University of Illinois, comparable to like departments in other state universities. The report was approved by unanimous vote. Harry Potter of the Marshall Herald reported that the matter of a non-partisan publicity bureau still was under consideration. Charles Mead of the memorial committee eulogized the members who had died during the past year. James E. McClure of the legislative committee reported that nothing new was in immediate contemplation by the committee, but urged the members to hold fast to all that had been secured in the way of legislation. I. S. Dunn, representing the Rural Press Association on the committee on code of ethics, reported a code which was adopted. The auditing committee referred the current audit to the incoming executive committee. L. C. Johnson of the Aledo Democrat, for the membership committee, explained plans for increasing the membership, and reported that many new members had been admitted at the meeting. President Herbert appointed the following committee to make a study of the second-class postage problem: Fred M. Rolens, Murphysboro Independent; H. U. Bailey, Princeton Republican; and S. P. Preston, Gillespie News. 214 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Resolutions of thanks to the Chicago Association of Commerce; the Chicago Printers Supplymen's Club; the Universal Cement Company; the Chicago Theatre and others for courtesies during the meeting, were proposed by T. J. Howorth of the Chester Tribune of the resolutions committee and were adopted. The annual election of officers resulted in the choice of the following: President, Fred M. Rolens, Murphysboro Independent; Vice Presidents, John H. Harrison, Dan- ville Commercial-News; J. E. Derringer, Bushnell Record; Miss Catherine McLain, LaSalle Post; Secretary, H. L. Williamson, state superintendent of printing, Springfield; Treasurer, William J. Smith, Waukegan Sun; Executive Committee, S. P. Preston, Gillespie News; Charles B. Mead, Geneva Republican; John M. Sheets, Oblong Oracle; Paul R. Goddard, Tazewell County Reporter, Washington; and Benjamin S. Herbert, National Printer Journalist, Chicago. Development of the instruction in journalism at the University of Illinois called forth this article in the Publishers Auxiliary in 1922. It appeared in the issue for September 2. "That the University of Illinois will offer, starting this year, a full four-year curriculum in journalism is announced for the first time in a booklet issued by it and entitled 'Training for Journalism.' The facts that there also will be offered, during one week in February, a 'short course' in journalism, open to all newspaper men of the state, and that the Illini, the student daily, would be increased from an eight to a twelve-page paper to run the year round, were also announced. "The expansion of the journalism work and the establishment of the short course are the direct result of resolutions passed at the meeting of the Illinois Press Association held in Chicago last May. The four-year course will lead to the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Journalism. "The newspaper which forms an important part of the laboratory equipment of the courses in journalism is the Daily Illini, a very lively and newsy 12-page, seven- column paper, written, edited, and published by the students. It is a member of the Associated Press, receives two hours of telephone service each night, and, as the only morning daily in a community of 30,000, covers city as well as university news. "The editorial page offers opportunity for the classes in editorial writing, and, beginning in September, the Daily Illini will issue a special Sunday feature section to carry the special and feature articles, book reviews, and other products of the ad- vanced classes. "The Daily Illini is printed in its own plant, a well-equipped newspaper establish- ment purchased at a cost of approximately $3 5,000 out of the earnings of this paper. It is conducted entirely by students and offers substantial evidence of the practical nature of the work done by these young journalists. "This student printing plant does more than issue the Daily Illini, for the daily is only one member of a large group of student publications, all, with one exception, printed in this student plant. The publications include the Illinois Magazine, a literary monthly; the Agriculturist, issued monthly; the Siren, a humorous monthly; the Tech- nograph, quarterly, one of the oldest college engineering magazines in the country; the Enterpriser, issued quarterly by the students in commerce; the Architectural Year Book, and the Illio, both annuals. All except the Illio are made entirely in the Illini plant, and are produced with care as examples of good typography and composition. This group of periodicals provides the students with a wide range of practice in special fields of journalism. More than two hundred students of Illinois will profit, starting this year, by serving on the staffs of these publications. 215 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "In 1922-23 two additional features will be introduced to utilize the experience of the leading newspaper men of the state in making the course as useful as possible, as a preparation for journalism in the state, as follows: "(1) A short course in journalism will be given during one week in February, which will aim to bring together as many Illinois newspaper editors and managers as possible for the exchange of ideas, information, and experiences. "(2) A series of lectures running through the year will be given to the students in journalism by leading journalists of Illinois." Due to this story and other publicity many editors were led to believe that the University had established a separate department of journalism. It had not done so at this time and it continued to resist the pleas and representations of the editors until the Legislature settled the matter in 1927. The following article is quoted from the Publishers' Auxiliary of January 7, 1922. It describes another project inspired in part by the Illinois Press Association. "The Auxiliary has arranged to publish each week for the next several months extracts from the volume entitled 'Newspaper Law,' compiled by William W. Loomis, editor of the LaGrange Citizen and published by the Citizen Publishing Company, LaGrange. This volume will be a valuable addition to the library of any newspaper office and frequent consultation of it will prevent many errors in the conduct of the business and show the publisher his rights, as well as protect him in cases of doubt in courses of procedure under various circumstances. Many court decisions are cited, with the volume and page, as well as the reports from which derived. "The book is divided into twelve chapters, under the following headings: I. News- papers, II. Subscriptions — Circulation, III. Commercial Advertising, IV. Legal Adver- tising, V. Lotteries, VI. Libel, VII. Contempt, VIII. Liberty of the Press, IX. Privacy, X. Copyright, XL Postal Rules and Regulations. "As the space which can be devoted to these extracts each week is small, it will require several months to complete the entire book, but in the meantime those who wish the volume now may secure it from the publisher, as it is ready for delivery. "No doubt every publisher of a newspaper has met occasions when such a volume would have been of great service to him, and other questions are quite likely to arise at any time when a reference to 'Newspaper Law' would point the right and safe way." 1923 The Fifty-eighth Annual Meeting of the Illinois Press Association and the first in the new series of Journalism Short Courses was held at the University of Illinois, Cham- paign, on May 10, 11 and 12, 1923. The members registered at the headquarters in the Illinois Union Building, and held their first session on Thursday afternoon, with Paul R. Goddard, Washington Reporter, presiding in the place of President Fred M. Rolens, Murphysboro Independent. Wright A. Patterson, editor-in-chief of the Western Newspaper Union, spoke. He covered in detail the methods by which the newspaper published in different kinds of communities can be of greatest service to the communities. Verne E. Joy, Centralia Daily Sentinel, continued on the same line with the topic, "Relation of the Newspaper to the Better Community Movement." "Making the Most of Local News Sources," was the topic taken up in a speech by H. E. Bell, White Hall Register-Republican. A. L. Bowen, Illinois State Journal, 216 Illinois Newspaper Dirlctory and History Springfield, spoke on "The Editorial Page." Discussion on these subjects was led by J. E. McClure, Carlinville Democrat. The business session was adjourned at four o'clock for a tour through the Uni- versity shops, laboratories, museums, and libraries. A barbecue supper was served at the stock pavilion. At eight o'clock that evening the members assembled in Morrow Hall and were welcomed by David Kinley, President of the University. Professor N. A. Crawford of the Kansas State Agricultural College spoke on "The Country Newspaper, Minister of Democracy," and Henry R. Rathbone, Congressman at Large, spoke on "The Influence of the Press on the Government." Mr. Rathbone told the editors that "the press is the leader of America and America is the leader of the world." He said in part: "The power of the forum has passed to the press. The Great War was a struggle of systems of propaganda, a fight with the great weapon of publicity. In this time it is necessary for the success of popular rule that public opinion be intelligently guided, that the press of the country stand shoulder to shoulder with the statesmen." At the third session Professor Frederic A. Russell of the department of Business Organization and Operation of the University presided. Herman Roe, President of the Minnesota Select List of Country Newspapers, spoke on "Competition or Co-operation," and Paul Stephens, editor of American Farming, on "Making the Most of Rural News." Irl H. Marshall of Chicago, publisher of a chain of newspapers, in speaking of "Country Newspaper Building," divided the subject into three distinct parts: "First," he said, "come the news and features; second comes circulation and third, advertising. In order to secure advertising, we must have circulation and in order to have circulation we must have news and features. "To build and maintain a successful newspaper the same care is required as to develop and maintain a healthy body. A newspaper is just as susceptible to illness or depletion from neglect as the human body, and it is just as sus- ceptible to recuperation or improvement from proper care and attention." Local editorials were stressed by Mr. Marshall as more important than the pub- lisher realized. H. U. Bailey, Bureau County Republican, Princeton, spoke on "Building Circu- lation on a Quality Product." The Bureau County Republican was at the time the largest country weekly in the world, usually containing 24 pages and being entirely a home product. Elmo Scott Watson, Instructor in Journalism at the University, gave a report on a survey of country weeklies. More than 700 questionnaires had been sent to publishers in the state before the meeting of the association and Mr. Watson explained that the country newspaper that emphasized the news element was the paper that was prospering. "These questionnaires show that 78 percent of publishers of country news- papers have gained in circulation during the past year," he said. "The majority of them have attributed this growth to the fact that they have covered their local news field more completely. The average number of subscribers as shown by the report is about 200." Mr. Watson went into detail about a composite Illinois country weekly in which he explained that it had a circulation of 1,400, five employees two of whom comprised the news staff. He stated further that the paper would carry an average of 10 rural district correspondents. The value of this newspaper was $8,500. Charles Sughroe, cartoonist with the Western Newspaper Union, opened the Friday afternoon session with a talk on "Mickie, the Printer's Devil," famous comic strip in Illinois Newspaper Directory and History country newspapers. Orville L. Davis, postmaster of Champaign, developed the subject, "Your Newspaper and Your Post Office." Several topics of interest to the association members were discussed: legislation, membership, contests, publicity, ethics, and legal advertising. Upon adjournment of the afternoon meeting the members were taken on an auto- mobile tour of the south campus, University grounds, the new stadium, and the Uni- versity towns. On Friday evening a banquet was held in the Gym Annex. Charles W. Bliss, famed Hillsboro toastmaster, poet and savant, led the 2 50 editors in the full ceremonials of the banquet. "America began a period of world leadership with the war that she cannot escape," Professor Gordon Watkins, of the department of economics, told the guests. "America must begin a cautious, sympathetic leadership in world affairs, to curb the concentrated efforts to establish communism in India, China and Japan. The world is depending upon the press of America for a message of international peace." Senator Otis F. Glenn pleaded for the influence of the press in encouraging interest in politics. John H. Harrison, Danville Commercial-News, praised the University and said, "If we can salvage anything from the road building program I am in favor of giving more money to its great work." He also discussed the principle of compulsory voting as the remedy for bettering politics, and for bringing an increased interest in government. Professor James W. Garner, head of the department of political science, talked on the power of the newspaper as an advocate of public policies and an organizer of public opinions. At the last session, on Saturday, John D. McAdams, Alton Telegraph, talked on "Meeting the Competition of City Dailies"; D. W. Stevick of the Champaign News- Gazette on "Advertising Rates," and John Prout, St. Francisville Times, on "Mutual Life Insurance." It was decided to hold the regular meeting of the association at the University each year after a talk by S. P. Preston of the Gillespie News, who urged that the journalism short course be made a permanent institution. Appreciation was expressed in resolutions to officials of the University and the Twin Cities for the many courtesies shown the members. Other resolutions reported by the committee on resolutions were: "We believe there should be close co-operation between this association and the Department of Journalism in the University, and to that end, the Illinois Press Asso- ciation by this resolution requests the Department of Journalism of the University of Illinois to publish through its Department of Journalism, under the direction of the officers of this association once a month or at any other period that may be found practicable, a periodical devoted to the interests and problems of the newspapers of Illinois, in order to make a permanent and accessible record of the valuable papers presented at the meetings of this association; to distribute among our members the reports of investigations and studies on newspapers and their problems being made by the Department of Journalism at the University; to encourage the newspaper men of Illinois to more constant and helpful discussion of their interests; and to afford a means of closer co-operation between the Association and the Department of Journalism in the University, and that this publication be made the organ of the Illinois Press Association. "We are in favor of developing and improving the foreign advertising service in the country newspaper field and we suggest that the members of this association give 218 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History consideration to the proposition being presented by "Country Newspapers," a co- operative newspaper association. "We believe that the informative advertising campaign already undertaken by the Illinois Central and other great railroad systems opens up a foreign advertising field which is deserving of serious consideration; and we request our officers thoroughly to investigate the matter, taking such action as they deem wise." Awards in the newspaper "make-up" contest gave first place to the Harvard Herald, and second and third respectively to the Woodstock American and the Aledo Democrat. The Rockford Republic took first prize among daily newspapers with the Centralia Sentinel and the Champaign News-Gazette following. Places for the prize advertisement went to the Milford News, the Aledo Democrat and the Grayville Mercury-Independent. The awards for the best inside page make-up were given to the Milford News, the Minonk News-Dispatch and the Pike County News. John H. Harrison, Danville Commercial News, was unanimously chosen president of the association. The other officers elected were: Vice Presidents, A. H. Gravenhorst, Effingham Review; Irl H. Marshall, Mendota Sun-Bulletin; Miss Katherine Mel ain, LaSalle Post; Secretary, H. L. Williamson, Illinois Publisher, Springfield; Treasurer, E. H. Childress, Wayne County Press. Immediately after his election, the new president, Mr. Harrison, made the follow- ing statement to the press: "There is no reason why the University of Illinois should not have a school or college of journalism unequalled by any in America. The first step should be enlargement of the courses in journalism into a department of journalism. I assure you that the Illinois Press Association would give its unqualified sup- port to such a move." At the close of the meeting the members attended the Illinois-Michigan baseball game, and the annual May Fete of the Woman's Athletic Association. Women editors and wives of the editors attending the meeting were taken on a tour of the campus, by Theta Sigma Phi, professional journalistic sorority. Thev were also entertained at a tea at the University Woman's Club, with Mrs. F. W. Scott and Mrs. H. M. Dunlap as hostesses, and were taken to visit the farm of Senator Dunlap. 1924 The Fifty-ninth Annual Meeting of the Illinois Press Association was held on October 9, 10 and 11, 1924, at the Union Building, University of Illinois, Champaign- Urbana. John H. Harrison, Danville Commercial-News, President of the Association, presided. The session was divided into two sections, that of weekly paper editors, over which S. P. Preston, Gillespie News, presided, and that of the daily editors, over which A. L. Bowen, Illinois State Journal, Springfield, presided. Several short addresses were listed for the weekly section. The first of these was given by Charles Mead, editor of the Geneva Republican, on the subject, "The Early Day Editor." The second speaker was I. S. Dunn, Divernon, printing instructor at the St. Charles School for Boys, and President of the Southern Illinois Editorial Association. He talked brieflv on "The Southern Illinois Editorial Association and Its Relation to the Parent Organization." He spoke of the deep interest each editor had in the Association. John M. Sheets, Oblong Oracle, in an address entitled, "The Editorial Page," emphasized to the editors that their editorial columns must contain material for the common good and not be tilled with trivial items. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Homer B. Clemmons, advertising and circulation manager of the Blue Island Sun- Standard, talked on the subject, "The First Page." He stated that the first page of any newspaper was the index of that paper, also that the first page belonged to the editor and that fust as a merchant attractively displays his goods in the window, so the editor should display his best news attractively on the first page. L. M. Wood, Flora Journal-Record, talked on the subject, "Cash-in-Advance Sub- scriptions." He urged that all newspaper publishers require cash in advance for all subscriptions. The last speaker on the program of the afternoon session was R. D. Reynolds, sales manager of the Graham Paper Company. He brought before the newspaper publishers the fact that a close relationship existed between the printers and the paper supply houses. He also spoke of the deep interest which the paper supply houses showed in their customers' needs. After adjournment of the afternoon session the members were taken on a tour to view the new buildings of the University. The tour was in charge of James M. White. A concert by the University of Illinois Band was given in front of the University Auditorium at five o'clock. The annual banquet held in the Great Hall, Wesley Foundation Building, completed the program of the first day of the convention. Kendric C. Babcock, Dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, presided. The first speaker in the Friday morning session was Ernest Gruening, formerly managing editor of the New York Tribune. In his talk, "Journalism as a Profession," he urged that newspaper men work toward that professional ideal, so that journalism would be known as a profession. Lee A. White, Detroit News, talked on the subject, "Development of a Morgue and Library for the Little or Big Town Paper." He told of the progress of the morgue and library in the office of the Detroit News. That paper started out with 5 00 volumes, several years before and in that year (1924) it had 20,000 volumes in the office, each one a source of information which was constantly sought by the community. He stated that a newspaper library should not only contain books of facts but also books of culture and books of fiction so that people could come in any time and read. He also suggested the importance of a scrap book wherein all the latest items might be kept. Finally he stated that every newspaper office, no matter how small, should start, if it had not already started, a "shoe box" morgue and library. On Friday afternoon a joint session of weekly and daily editors was held, over which President Harrison presided. The regular committees were appointed and the members again divided into the two sections, A. H. Gravenhorst, Effingham, presiding over the weekly paper editors. The first speaker on the afternoon program was E. M. Johnson of the University of Wisconsin. His subject was, "How to Analyze a Community." Following the address of Mr. Johnson a short discussion of the practical side of the work of the newspaper man was led by H. U. Bailey, Princeton Republican. In the absence of W. W. Loomis, LaGrange, who was to address the members on the subject, "Needed Legislation," H. L. Williamson, secretary of the association, made a few remarks on the subject. He urged upon the members the importance of bringing before the next legislature any problems that might be pending. The members were taken to the University drill field where they viewed a military demonstration by the members of the University R.O.T.C., under orders of Col. W. T. Merry, commandant. 220 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Friday evening 300 members of the association were guests of President Harrison in Great Hall, Wesley Foundation, at a banquet. Mr. Harrison presided as host. Dr. David Kinley, President of the University, gave a short talk about the University. He impressed upon his hearers the thought that the University was not his but theirs. An address was given also by George Huff, Director of Athletics at the University. He told of the value of athletics in a university, and stated that they were as necessary for the success of a student as any other work. He told of the vast growth of athletics in the University during the past twenty-five years. He invited the members to attend the Illinois-Butler football game Saturday afternoon in the Memorial Stadium. Frank W. Scott, "Dean of the School of Journalism," made a few remarks about the progress of the Journalistic course. He stated that if the newspaper men of Illinois and the schools of journalism worked together they could make journalism a true profession. R. E. Hieronymous, Community Adviser, gave a few brief remarks on his work. A pleasing violin duet was given by Lorna Doone and Virginia Dare Williamson, accom- panied on the piano by their mother, Mrs. H. L. Williamson. As an encore they sang. The quartet of the Wesley Foundation gave several vocal selections which were enjoyed by the members. The last session of the convention was held on Saturday morning, President Harrison presiding. W. J. Smith, Waukegan Sun, talked briefly on the subject, "Contempt of Court." He told of some recent bitter experiences he had had as publisher of a paper, with the court. He said in part, "It behooves us as newspaper publishers, in the course of our work, to pay a little attention to the persons running for judicial positions. There seems to be a tendency over the country for the jurist to b;ar down on the newspaper man, feeling that the newspaper man has become too prominent in his own community. We must all realize that the Judiciary as a whole seems to be trying to curtail the powers of the newspaper man. It is up to us to look into these matters carefully to protect our newspapers." H. F. Henrichs, Litchfield, gave a short talk on "Newspaper Valuation." "Each newspaper," he said, "has a value determined by its class. The rules of newspaper valuation must apply to the conditions under which the newspaper is published." He outlined several methods of determining the value of news properties. B. J. Mullaney, Chicago, addressed the convention on the subject, "How to Get More Advertising from Public Utilities." The committee on resolutions submitted a report thanking the University for the many courtesies; thanking Past President Harrison for the banquet in honor of the members; deploring the report of the census bureau which gave the number of Weekly newspapers inaccurately, causing an unfair attitude of the national advertisers toward the weekly, and recommending that some action be taken to remove the evil; recommend- ing establishment of a journalism building at the University; and urging the unstinted moral support for the Illinois Publisher, and congratulating H. L. Williamson, the editor. The Paper Award judges gave their awards as follows: 1. Aledo Times Record, 2. Harvard Herald, 3. Woodstock American. The committee gave honorable mention to each of the following weekly news- papers: Montgomery" News; Crystal Lake Herald; Chatsworth Plain-dealer; Minonk News-Dispatch; Virden Recorder; Sycamore True Republican; Mendota Sun-Bulletin; White County Democrat. The awards of the judges on Daily First Pages were as follows: 1. Bloomington Pantagraph, 2. Sterling Gazette. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History The committee gave honorable mention to the Belviderc Republican and Moline Dispatch. E. M. Young, editor of the Hardin County Independent, was awarded the prize for the best County Attendance. The Hardin County Independent was the only news- paper existing in that county. It won without a struggle. The committee appointed to report on the price recommended for printing of the November election ballots submitted their report as follows: Proposition on Small Ballots 15,000 and under $10.00 per M Over 15,000 8.00 " " Over 40,000 _ 7.00 " " Sample ballots 15.00 " " Large Ballots 15,000 and under $50.00 per M Over 15,000 40.00 " " Over 40,000 30.00 " " Sample ballots 50.00 " " Publishing ballots, 90c per 13 em column inch. "The committee recommends that in making vour bill to the County Clerk, y^u charge each kind of ballot and each item separately." A Memorial committee was appointed to honor Dan Keen, and George L. Tipton, former members of the association. The Nominating committee recommended A. H. Gravenhorst, editor of the Effing- ham Review, for the new President of the Association. He was elected by unanimous vote. The other officers chosen were: Vice Presidents, W. I. Smith, Waukegan Daily Sun; A. L. Bowen, Illinois State Journal, Springfield; Treasurer, E. H. Childress, Wayne County Press, Fairfield; Executive Committee, John H. Harrison, Danville Commercial- News. Following the reports of the committees and the election of officers, the past presidents of the Illinois Press Association met and organized a Past Presidents' Asso- ciation for the purpose of promoting, or assisting in whatever way they could, the progress and interests of the Illinois Press Association, and for gatherings in a social way. J. M. Sheets, Oblong Oracle, was elected president and J. E. McClure, Carlinville Democrat, was elected secretary and treasurer. The new association planned to meet upon call of the president and regularly at the annual meeting of the Illinois Press Association. A complementary organization was added when it was decided to have a branch of the general association for editorial writers on daily newspapers. Many members pointed out that the meeting in session was the first that had been largely attended by employes of daily newspapers. The convention adjourned at 12 o'clock. The members of the association were the guests of the Athletic Association of the University on Saturday afternoon at a football game, Illinois vs. Butler University. The Illinois Publisher, forerunner of the United States Publisher, later consolidated with National Printer Journalist in 1931, was made a monthly periodical in 1924 and con- tinued as the organ of the Illinois Press Association until it "went national" in 1926. Prior Illinois Newspaper Directory and History to 1924 the name Illinois Publisher was used by the Illinois Press Association as a title for the occasional pamphlets in which the minutes of the conventions and convention publicity materials were printed. The publication deserves mention because it was one of the most significant works of the association. It was financed independently of mem- bership dues and the association secretary maintained it without making calls on the organization treasury. The magazine form adopted in 1924 found such general accept- ance throughout the country that the state character was abandoned and a national magazine undertaken. The Illinois Press Association, through the enlarged publication, exerted an influence beyond the confines of the state and carried its experiences and policies to every part of the United States. 22? Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Chapter X Old Wine in New Bottles 1925 On February 21, 1925, President Gravenhorst appointed a committee on a code of ethics with instructions to report at the spring meeting. The spring meeting, a one-day session of the Illinois Press Association was held in Springfield in the Centennial building, April 22, 1925. President A. H. Gravenhorst of the Effingham Review called the meeting to order. After a prayer by Miss Florence Wright of the Lexington Unit-Journal, the address of welcome was given by Secretary of State Louis L. Emmerson who discussed the desirability of acquisition by the state of additional Lincoln relics. He called attention in particular to a collection now existing in Washington, D. C. and urged the editors present to use their influence in a movement to have them acquired by the state and returned to Illinois. The response was given by Sam Crabtree of the Tazewell County Reporter, Wash- ington, and the morning session ended with a discussion of needed legislation by J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat; H. U. Bailey, Bureau County Republican, Princeton, and J. E. McClure, Carlinville Democrat. In the afternoon session Frank W. Scott, chairman of President Gravenhorst's Com- mittee on Ethics read a "Statement of Principles" for newspaper men which was adopted by the members as the official code of ethics of the Illinois Press Association. On the committee with Dr. Scott were N. E. Stevens, Paxton, and A. T. Burrows, Urbana. The statement of principles appears here in full: The Illinois "Code" "Journalism is a profession, a public service, and a business. Its primary object is to inform through the narration, explanation, and interpretation of events in their season. The best interests of society and of journalism itself will be promoted when all journalists live up to the principles here declared, and when those who fail so to do will lose something of their standing among their fellow journalists. "The profession of journalism is a high calling of great responsibility; it demands of its individual members sound moral character, honesty of purpose and of perform- ance, courtesy, sympathy, and consideration in their professional relations with each other and with the public. Because of its importance and responsibilities, it requires as expert ability, as broad and thorough knowledge and training as any other learned profession. "To maintain a firm professional standing the journalist must keep himself free from such social, business, political, and other connections as may tend to narrow or bias his judgment or interfere with the full and unfettered discharge of his duties. He must have the courage to tell the truth and to respect the right of privacy. "The establishing of a firm professional standing requires the creation of an ethical code so generally accepted that it can be enforced by the power of professional opinion, when the charlatan in journalism will take his place with the shyster and the quack. 224 Illinois \i \x spaper Directory and History "The practice of journalism is a quasi-public service. Its function is to tell the news — truth, facts, and events; to interpret the news honestly and fairly; and to afford a means of communication for advertisers and such others as the public's interest may require. Its duty requires that it shall constantly endeavor to publish nothing that is contrary to the public good. "The journalist must safeguard himself and his public from selfish interests seeking his aid through propaganda or other biased or falsified publicity, paid or unpaid. "No newspaper can print all the truth. It must endeavor so to select the news it publishes as to express the many aspects of truth most accurately in fact, in propor- tion and in emphasis. News of crime, scandal and horror should be neither emphasized nor suppressed, but given attention proportionate to its importance in the daily life of decent men. "The press must be free to tell and to discuss whatever is not expressly forbidden by law. It must be free to emphasize and advocate through news and opinion such principles and policies as it believes to be the best interest of societv without incurring blame for so doing. It must be fair and just; it can not be neutral. "The press as a business should be conducted with the same honesty, integrity, and fair dealing as in editorials and news. Advertising columns must be as clean and honest and trustworthy as news and editorial columns. "Honest statements of circulation, equitable advertising and subscription rates, and scrupulous separation of the business from the professional departments of the paper are necessary to the best standards of journalism. "An honest newspaper that serves its public adequately deserves in return a support by that public commensurate with the service, and adequate to render it and those who make it independent of other means of support." Press organizations were discussed by the following men: H. U. Bailey, Bureau County Republican, Princeton, County Organization; Lewis L. Lindley, Granite City Press-Record, Southern Illinois Editorial Association; Norris Goode, Yirden Recorder, Central Illinois Press Association. Discussion of the new postal law was led by Postmaster Orville Davis, Champaign, and Wright A. Patterson, editor-in-chief, Western Newspaper Union. The following resolutions were passed: "Whereas, we realize the importance of postal legislation in its relation not alone to the country daily and weekly newspapers of the nation, but to the communities served by these newspapers, and whereas we realize the inter-relations of the various classes of mail because of the question of postal revenue necessary to maintain the service as a whole, and whereas we realize that any movement for expressing to Congress the ideas of the country daily and weekly newspapers of the entire nation will receive attention, therefore, "Be it Resoll ed, that the Illinois Press Association petition the National Editorial Association to give careful consideration to this question of postal rates, a careful study of the question of postal rates, a careful study of the question of cheap postage for the periodicals and metropolitan newspapers, that possibly enables them to carry mail-order advertising at such rates as to make more easily possible competition for the merchants of the smaller cities and towns; that they also investigate the question of postage rates on third-class mail, and the possible discrimination against the country merchant, and in favor of the city mail-order merchant provided for in the present law. We would ask that these subjects be studied by men who are publishers of newspapers published in typical small cities and towns. "Resolved, that we condemn the action of certain editors in this state in reference to the charges for legal publications through failure to charge the rate prescribed by 225 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History law and that our association go on record for the full compliance with this law and that any member of this association found guilty of violating the provisions of the law as pertaining to price shall be expelled from our association. "To bring about general recognition of the professional status of journalism and to establish methods of safe-guarding the public against ignorant and unethical writers and editors the Illinois State Press Association in convention assembled calls upon the executive officers or other representatives of the state press associations in all parts of the United States to attend a meeting in January, 1926, that, if possible, one or more joint meetings be arranged with the officers or members of the American Society of Newspaper Editors, which may be in session at the same time, and that rules be adopted at these joint sessions which will seek to establish a national code and provide for its enforcement; that the executives shall provide for further activity as they see fit, and that they shall refer their action to the various state and other associations for approval, that the present president and secretary of the Illinois State Press Association shall notify the officers of the state associations of this action and co-operate with them and the officers of the American Society of Newspaper Editors in organizing the program. "Rcsoh'cd, that the Illinois Press Association hereby extends its sincere thanks to Secretary of State Louis L. Emmerson for the courtesies extended during its meeting and for his cordial welcome address. The association also heartily endorses Mr. Emmer- son's suggestion that our members use their influence with our legislature to procure the enactment of the bill designed to purchase the collection of personal effects ot our martyred president, Abraham Lincoln, a collection which is up for sale by its present owner in the East. We also wish to commend Governor Len Small for his humanitarian acts in helping the tornado sufferers in southern Illinois." The members of the association were guests of the Illinois Manufacturers' Association at a banquet at the Elks club at which United States Senator Charles S. Deneen ana John E. Edgerton, president of the National Association of Manufacturers, were speakers. They were also guests of Governor Len Small at a reception at the executive mansion that evening. How the district organizations fared at this time is shown by the following story which appeared concerning the one day meeting in the July, 1925, issue of the United States Publisher: "Members of the Illinois Press Association present at the April meeting were thor- oughly convinced of the need of county or senatorial district organization throughout the state, and well attended meetings of district organizations already in existence. Indications were that, if the press were to be a real fraternity, as it is so often termed, then brotherliness must be shown at least to the extent of publishers meeting each other occasionally. It was apparent that a little better understanding throughout of the possi- bilities of co-operation would be good for every member of the profession, large or small, but that it would be impossible to accomplish this without getting the editors to 'rub shoulders together.' A start had already been made in the southern part of the state, where the Southern Editorial Association had already appointed a field organizer for each senatorial district. "The committee appointed to look after organization in the portion of the state north of Springfield was composed of C. R. Denson, Minonk News-Dispatch; Charles B. Mead, Geneva Republican; and Herschel J. Blazer, Aledo Times-Democrat. State President A. H. Gravenhorst and Secretary H. L. Williamson assisted both in southern and northern Illinois whenever and wherever possible. An exceptionally good display 226 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History ot the co-operative spirit w.is manifest throughout the state and organizations were perfected or revived in many sections. "Editors of the Forty-Second Senatorial District were among the first to organize, meeting at Flora on Monday, May 18. "This district includes Effingham, Clay, Marion and Clinton counties. A very interesting impromptu program of round-table talks was led by S. P. Preston, Gilles- pie News, and a member of the executive committee of the Illinois Press Association; 1.. M. Wood was made President and B. K. LeCrone Secretary. The talk by S. P. Preston was of particular interest. It was enlightening in view of Mr. Preston's long and successful experience as a publisher. "Every one present got a lot of new ideas from the meeting and they are enthus- iastic over the bright outlook for many more such pleasant gatherings. "All who were not already members of the Illinois Press Association joined. The same was true in regard to joining the Southern Illinois Editorial Association. The State Association thereby gained one member and Southern Illinois five new ones. "The organization of all of the counties in this district is in charge of the following Vice Presidents of the district: Clinton — W. C. Shupe, Carlyle Constitution; Effingham — H. H. Bailey, Altamont News; Clay — T. S. Williams, Louisville Republican; Marion — J. N. Vallow, Kinmundy Express; Effingham County is already organized." Among those present were the following: L. M. Wood, Flora Record, Flora; S. P. Preston, Gillespie News, Gillespie; W. T. Carder, Clay County Advocate, Clay City; A. H. Gravenhorst, County Review, Effingham; B. K. LeCrone, Record and Democrat, Effingham; C. A. Vorman, Press, Teutopolis; Otto Gust, Special Gazette, Dieterich; J. N. Vallow, Kinmundy Express, Kinmundy; W. B. Vallow, Kinmundy Express, Kinmundy; W. D. Roberts, Marion County Democrat, Salem; A. J. Merrill, Salem Republican, Salem; G. Ayer, Job Printer, Flora. "A particularly pleasing feature of the meeting was the invitation of the Flora Commercial Club to the editors to be its guests at the regular monthly meeting of the club, held in the evening. Editor Wood introduced the visiting brethren first, then Major Gravenhorst, who gave a brief talk, and finally S. P. Preston, who delivered his address, 'Making Advertising Pay,' which he has recently given at several gatherings, always to the delight of his audience — and the profit of the publishers. More About Group Meltings "The Effingham County Press Association enjoyed an all day basket picnic jointly with the Jasper County Press Association Friday, June 26th, at Peterson Park. Newton. Invitations to this were sent to editors in many neighboring counties. The picnic com- mittee included Frank L. Shup, Newton, chairman; Otis Stanley, Newton, member; and C. A. Worman, Teutopolis, secretary. "The Fayette County Press Association met in June at Ramsey for its first outdoor meeting, every paper in the county being represented, with one exception. A noon luncheon was served at the Northmoor Country Club and the visitors were shown over the golf course. The July meeting is to be held at Farina and at that time preparations will be made for a picnic to be attended by all who are connected in any way with newspapers of the county. "Editors of Carroll County attended a meeting of their association at Mt. Carroll June 12th at the office of the Mirror Democrat. This paper, in its after comment, said the chief object of discussion was the outlook for the printing business and how to get the money after the newspapers have earned it. Every editor in the county was present except Editor Wild of Lan.irk. 227 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "A northern Illinois newspaper organization, a little exclusive because of being political in addition to editorial but yet one that always brings the 'boys' together in press matters, met in Belvidere June 14th. This is the Republican Editorial Association of the Twelfth Congressional District. A large number were present to enjoy the fine luncheon tendered them by Congressman Charles E. Fuller at one o'clock. The following officers were elected: President, William T. Bedford, Tribune, LaSalle; Secretary, George S. Faxon, News, Piano; Treasurer, Frank T. Moran, Republican, Belvidere. In addition to giving the congressman a vote of appreciation for his hospitality, the association endorsed his record in congress and urged that his services be continued. The editors had the delightful privilege of listening to addresses by United States Senator William B. McKinley and Congressman-at-Large Henry Rathbone. "A get-together picnic of a decidedly informal nature was held in June at the Orion Country Club, in Henry County, with Editor F. S. Fullerton, Orion Times, seeing to it that everyone had a good time. Invitations were sent out to all weekly papers within a radius of fifty miles to come and bring their families and their forces. A few of the nearby dailies were also sent invitations. A cafeteria dinner, short business session, boating, bathing and other entertainment whiled away the hours. "Lee County was organized June 13th, with George Shaw of the Dixon Telegraph as president; Stewart Pettigrew, Amboy News, vice president; and Ralph J. Dean, Ashton Gazette, secretary. Other publications represented were those at Franklin Grove and Paw Paw. "The Knoxville Republican sent out the invitations for the Knox County editors to gather and perfect an organization. The newspapers invited were the Altona News, Oneida News, Community Newspapers of Galesburg, Abingdon Kodak, Republican- Register, Galesburg Mail, Galesburg News, Yates City Banner, Williamsfield Times. "Editors of the 3 8th Senatorial District, including the counties of Montgomery, Macoupin, Greene, and Jersey, were called together by Norris Goode of the Virden Recorder at Carlinville, Saturday afternoon, June 27th, Editors J. E. McClure and C. J. Lumpkin entertaining them at the Hillsboro Country Club. "Though not a business meeting of any kind, the fishing trip of the Central Illinois Press Association for which invitations were sent out by the editor of the Chandlerville Times, held June 19th, and attended by several of the editors of that section, was a fine affair to awaken a friendly spirit. It has become an annual affair and was held this year at Parcapola Cottage, Patterson Bay. This is a cottage owned by W. T. Pratt, a banker of Chandlerville, who very kindly loans it to the boys of the association, though only those from nearby can be invited as the cottage will only accommodate about 22 people. The outing lasted from Friday evening to the following Sunday evening. Wives of the editors also attended." Shortly after the April meeting, on May 23, 1925, President Gravenhorst appointed his committee to work out the Certificate idea. It was called the Committee on Educa- tion. (A full account of the early meetings, activities, and reports of this committee and of the professional certificate plan appears following the 61st annual meeting in 1926.) The Sixtieth Annual Meeting of the Illinois Press Association was held at Cham- paign-Urbana, October 1, 2 and 3, 1925. The President, Major A. H. Gravenhorst, Effingham Review, called the meeting to order in the Union Building. Dr. David Kinley, president of the University, welcomed the editors on behalf of the trustees, faculty and students. B. E. Pinkerton of Chicago responded. 228 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History In his annual address President Gravenhorst declared that the past year had brought forth more advertising in the form of propaganda than in any ten years previous in his twenty-three years of newspaper work. He condemned the practice of newspapers accepting "Black Hand" advertising. He also stated that if journalism is to mean anything it must be placed on the plane of medicine and law and he predicted that it ultimately should stand above all other professions. He stressed the work of the Com- mittee on Education. The report of H. L. Williamson, secretary, resulted in a move for the consolida- tion of papers in communities not large enough to support separate ones and a move for a minimum rate to be charged for subscriptions and advertising. A symposium on education for journalism was held under President Gravenhorst's Committee on Education on "What a Cub Reporter Ought to Know." In it Professor Lawrence W. Murphy, University of Illinois; W. F. Hardy, Decatur Herald; Harry B. Potter, Marshall Herald; and W. J. Smith, Waukegan Sun participated. The fault of young reporters, according to the speakers, was that they were too local, provincial, unacquainted with general issues. Training, common sense, ability to recognize the values of the profession and a desirable minimum of education were emphasized as desirable by all the speakers. The second annual meeting of the Associated Press of the state was held on Thurs- day afternoon, John H. Harrison, Danville Commercial-News, presiding. Edgar T. Cutter, superintendent of the central division of the Associated Press, urged the creation of additional wire service supplementary to that then in existence for five of the larger cities of Illinois receiving Associated Press news. He said that Illinois at that time had the largest and heaviest wire service of any state except Texas with 862 miles of wire reaching 21 points. More University and Champaign news was promised the editors. H. C. Schaub spoke on "State Mail and Wire Service," and requested more state news. S. L. Call, Illinois State Journal, Springfield, spoke on general and mail news. Aubrey Cribb, in charge of the Springfield Bureau of the Associated Press spoke on his work. H. C. Schaub, Decatur Review, was elected president; S. L. Call, vice president; and Audrey Cribb, secretary. John H. Harrison was elected to represent Illinois at the Divisional board meeting of the Associated Press in Chicago. Thursday evening a meeting was held in Smith Music hall. The address of the evening was given by O. Lawrence Hawthorne, "the Omaha Poet," on "Yesterday and You." Three vocal solos were given by Miss Elsie Duhr, Blue Island, accompanied by Mrs. Howard Lee; Miss Duhr had been in America only a few months, having come from Germany where she had toured with the College Opera Company. On Friday morning the weekly division, meeting separately, heard W. J. Smith, Waukegan Sun, talk on "Free Publicity." He explained that it was sometimes necessary to carry what was to a certain degree advertising matter in the news columns for the sake of the advertising it solicited for the paper, and that there was often a good story in the matter the editor received. In discussion of the subject H. J. Blazer, Aledo Times- Record, said that he probably carried as much free publicity as any paper in the state but he never gave any space to professional publicity seekers. Dr. F. H. Bird, Director of the department of research, United Typothetae of America, Chicago, concluded the morning's program with a discussion of job printing and the cost system. In the daily session in the morning, Quinn Ryan, director of WGN Radio station, Chicago, spoke on "Radio and the Newspaper." Other speakers were: W. O. Marquiss, Quincy Whig- Journal; J. L. Hasbrouck, Bloomington Pantagraph; and V. Y. Dallman, Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Illinois State Register, on "The Relations Between the Editorial Room and the Business Office." A discussion of the editorial page on syndicated newspapers was held by John V. Riley, Rockford Star; A. T. Spivey, East St. Louis Journal, and H. H. Bancroft, Jacksonville. W. V. Tufford, secretary of the Inland Daily Press Association, Clinton, Iowa, opened the afternoon session with a talk on the necessity of newspaper organizations. He declared that no publisher could figure profits without national advertising and that free publicity was killing national advertising to a large degree. The Association, he thought, was of value enough to merit its existence from the fraternal standpoint. How- ever it made possible a uniform rate of advertising and assisted publishers greatly in cutting down their overhead expenses, he went on to explain. The county organizations are of the greatest value but they are the hardest to start and the hardest to maintain because of petty jealousy, he said. In discussing the problems of the weekly paper S. P. Preston, Gillespie News, said that getting and keeping efficient linotype operators and shop help was the country publisher's hardest job. Harry Bell, Whitehall Register-Republican, gave a pessimistic view of conditions in his community and asked the assembly for advice on how he could have a better paper and make more money. M. F. Walsh, Harvard Herald, heartily disagreed with his view of conditions as he thought the outlook in that section of the state was the brightest it had been for years. "Women and the News" was taken up by Miss Laura Weilepp, Bloomington Panta- graph, who spoke on "Inside," and Mrs. H. A. McKeene, Springfield, on "Outside." The question box was conducted by H. U. Bailey, Bureau County Republican, Princeton. At four o'clock a special meeting on Women in Journalism was held, Miss Weilepp presiding. At the same time the Editorial Writer's Association meeting was held, John H. Harrison presiding. On Friday evening a banquet was held in Great Hall, Wesley Foundation. Senator Thomas Rees, Illinois State Register, Springfield, was the toastmaster. Miss Elsie Duhr gave three vocal selections. The address of the evening was given by Oswald Garrison Villard, editor of the Nation, New York City. In making a plea for independence of the press he said in part: Villard on Independence in 192 5 "The battle for freedom from partisan political servitude has been so nearly won that even the New York Tribune has been known to bolt acts of the Republican Party without thereby undermining the foundation of American journalism or American politics. But while we have progressed greatly in this direction, there has grown up of late years a new bondage — to government and government propaganda which is one of the contributory causes to that public loss of faith in daily and weekly journalism which the most candid of us must admit. That this altered attitude to our government is shared by sections of the public does not alter the gravity of the change or minimize it, for it is exactly the reverse of the attitude of the founders of this country toward the men they placed in office, and of the policy they wished succeeding generations to follow. "We have begun to hedge the President about with something that almost approaches divinity. It is peculiarly the pleasure of many of our military patriotic societies to exalt the dignity of high office just as various organizations are building up a worship of the Constitution of the United States as if that document, written fir a Illinois Newspaper Diki < iory and History struggling little nation of thirteen small states, must forever fit all the needs of a mighty nation of one hundred and fifteen millions of people face to face with all the terrible and the terribly unsolved problems of modern capitalism. So it has become a cult not only to denounce anyone who would change the Constitution, but every student of our form of government who dares to point out that our administrative and legis- lative machinery in Washington needs overhauling, and this goes hand in hand with the growing assumption that the servants of the public whom we temporarily send to Washington to do our bidding are also beyond criticism. "No less a person than Senator Butler of Massachusetts, chairman of the Republican National Committee and an intimate friend of the present President of the United States, has recently delivered himself on a public occasion of the following sentiment: 'We must not, he said, omit to demand respect for our institutions and our government. Our government and our flag must not be defied by foes or sneered at by those who live among us, whether they sneer from the heights of the intellectual cynic or scoff from the depths of the radical disturber. Along these lines is treason; and treason to the government and the flag will not be tolerated.' "There you have in a nutshell the logical carrying out of this doctrine that would have seemed utterly incomprehensible and unworthy and unrepublic.in to men like Washington, the Adamses and Jefferson and the rest. "Every newspaper man now knows not only that we of the profession were merely agents of government propaganda, much of it lying and false, during the World War, but that that has not ceased since the war. Government propaganda continues to be carried on. The departments in Washington can not unlearn the lesson they learned in 1917-1918, and a portion of the press still accepts government handouts without question. It invariably presents the government point of view on China, Hayti, the Philippines, our forestry policy, the Allied debts, and all the rest. But cannot the gov- ernment present its official case, you ask? Without cavil, yes. It is entitled to its official say, officially and publicly stated. But the other side should be presented both in the news pages and the editorial columns, and there rests no more sacred duty upon the editor than to scrutinize and evaluate any utterances emanating from all men in office whatever the offices may be." On Saturday morning the daily and weekly sections met together in a business session. Edward Price Bell, Chicago Daily News, gave an address eulogizing the lite and work of Victor F. Lawson, who, he said, was a man with an outlook as big as the world, as a business man, editor, publisher, critic, philosopher and humanist. He said in part: "My knowledge of the editorial aristocracy of Europe, Asia, and America con- vinces me that the world's finest active journalistic intellect left us on the night Victor F. Lawson died. "He had the fundamentals of journalistic philosophy well grounded. He believed in vital ideas, brilliantly expressed; he demanded more of the lives of the people. He was all for getting to the root of things, for delving deep into life as seen and heard not through the physical ear and eye, but through the metaphysical ear and eye. "He grasped the fact that the best nationalist is the internationalist, that the best way to serve our country is to serve mankind. "Most journalists see the picturesque only in the concrete. They deplorably under- estimate the intelligence, the artistic estimate, the taste, the emotional quality of the masses. If Mr. Lawson did that he did it less than did almost any one of his con- temporaries. 231 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "I have never known a man in journalism or out of it more alive than was Mr. Lawson to the color, the dramatic essence, the beauty, the educative value, the moral worth, the practical newspaper importance of vital ideas brilliantly expressed. ..." "Radical in the entymological sense," Mr. Bell characterized Mr. Lawson's mind as an editor. Fred P. Mann, Sr., Devil's Lake, North Dakota, known as "the biggest little merchant of the northwest," spoke on the "Use of Advertising in Building Business in a Small Town." Following Mr. Mann, Edwin Bemis, Littleton, Colorado, field secre- tary of the Colorado Press Association, spoke on his work as field secretary. A new scale of advertising rates was recommended by a committee, composed of J. R. Crowley, Freeport Journal; W. J. Smith, Waukegan Sun; Harry Potter, Marshall Herald; Byron LeCrone, Effingham Record, and C. R. Denson, Minonk News-Dispatch, and adopted by the convention as follows: Up to 1,000 20c 1,000 to 1,500 25c 1,5 00 to 2,000 30c 2,000 to 2,500 35c 2,500 to 3,500 40c 3,500 to 4,000 — - 50c 5,000 to 7,500 60c Charge of 10 cents per inch extra on one-time or in-and-out ads. Legals and locals 10 cents per line. Job printing: Prices according to Franklin Price List. The scale of membership dues as reported by a committee composed of W. F. Hardy, Decatur Herald; E. H. Childress, Wayne County Press; Thomas Rees, Illinois State Register; and W. W. Evans, Belleville Advocate, and adopted by the members of the association, follows: Weeklies under 1,000 circulation .... ... $ 3 a year Weeklies, 1,000 to 3,000 circulation 5 a year Weeklies over 3,000 circulation .... 10 a year Dailies under 1,000 circulation - 3 a year Dailies, 1,000 to 2,000 circulation 5 a year Dailies over 2,000 circulation 10 a year One of the most important pieces of business sponsored at the meeting was the recommendation by the association to the executive committee that it investigate the possibility of securing a legislative appropriation for a journalism building at the Uni- versity of Illinois. The attendance at the meeting was one of the largest in the history of the associa- tion and the program that had been prepared was praised by the members and officers generally. \V. J. Smith, Waukegan Sun, was unanimously elected president of the association. The other officers elected were: Vice Presidents, H. E. Bell, Whitehall Register-Repub- lican; A. L. Bowen, Illinois State Journal, Springfield; I. S. Dunn, Divernon News; Secretary, H. L. Williamson, Springfield; Treasurer, E. H. Childress, Fairfield Press; Legislative Committee, J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat; J. E. McClure, Carlinville; H. U. Bailey, Princeton; Executive Committee, S. P. Preston, Gillespie News; John H. Harrison, Danville Commercial-News; J. M. Sheets, Oblong Oracle; Paul R. Goddard, Washington Reporter; Fred M. Rolens, Murphysboro Independent. At this meeting the first national community newspaper contest, sponsored by the Association, was judged and awards conferred. 232 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History The Bemidji (Minn.) Sentinel was awarded first place for all-around excellence in the "Franklin" weekly contest. The Bloomington Pantagraph was awarded first place in the Samuel Bowles contest for community dailies. Second place in the contest for weeklies went to the Centervillle (Md.) Observer and third place to the Walton (N.Y.) Reporter. In the daily division the Janesville (Wis.) Gazette was awarded second place and the Moline Dispatch third. The following weeklies were given honorable mention (the order in which they appear, however, not representing their relative standing): Logan (West Va. ) Banner; Kutztown (Pa.) Patriot; Algoma (Wis.) Record-Herald; Randolph (Vt.) Herald and News; Tombstone (Ariz.) Epitaph; Arco (Idaho) Advertiser; Brookings (S.D.) Reg- ister; Carmi (111.) Tribune-Times; Pike County (111.) Republican; Leesburg (Fla.) Commercial; Rawlins (Wyo.) Republican; Warren (Minn.) Sheaf; El Reno (Okla.) American; Rice Lake (Wis.) Chronotype; Walsh County Record, Grafton (N.D.); Eastern Shore News, Onacock (Va.); Northheld (Minn.) News; and Clinton County Republican-News, St. Johns (Mich.) The judges in the weekly contest were Herschel J. Blazer, editor of the Aledo Times-Record, twice winner of the Illinois state contest; M. F. Walsh, editor of the Harvard Herald, twice winner of the Illinois state contest; and Elmo Scott Watson, editor of Publisher's Auxiliary. The judges in the daily contest were W. F. Hardy, editor of the Decatur Herald; A. L. Bowen, editorial writer on the Illinois State Journal, Springfield; and Lawrence W. Murphy, director of the courses in journalism at the University of Illinois. Special meeting. The mid-winter meeting of the Association was held in Chicago at the Sherman Hotel, March 5 and 6, 1926, under the presidency of William J. Smith, editor of the Waukegan Sun. One of the important items of business was the adoption of a resolution calling for immediate action by Congress on the Kendall bill which provided for the discon- tinuance of the government practice of printing return addresses on stamped envelopes. Telegrams embodying the resolution were sent to Senators Deneen and McKinley. and representatives Sproul and Madden. The action of the association came after a talk by John H. Volp, publisher of the Blue Island Sun Standard, on "Should the United States Government Continue the Plan of Printing Envelopes and thereby Remain a Competitor of the Job Printers of the United States?" Mr. Volp told of his experiences as a witness at the recent hearings on the Kendall bill in Washington and the efforts that were being made by opponents of the measure to block its passage. Discussion on the subject was led by John File of the Chester Tribune H.-rald and the resolution was drafted by Mr. Volp. On recommendation of its committee on education the Association voted to recog- nize five years of newspaper experience as a basis for professional standing and instructed its committee to continue work on the Illinois professional certificate plan Speakers at the meeting were: William J. Smith, president of the Association; Spearman Lewis, vice president of the American Exposition Palace of Chicago; Frederic!; M. Snyder, special commissioner of the Press Congress of the World; Robert E. Crowe. state's attorney of Cook county; C. \\". Hitchcock of Waukegan; H. L. Williamson, secretary of the Association; Congressman William E. Hull of Peoria; H. U. Baile\ of the Bureau County Republican, Princeton; S. P. Preston, chairman of the executive committee; Frank Lee, Beacon News, Aurora; Eugene L'Hote, past president and former Illinois Newspaper Directory and History editor of the Milford Herald; H. J. Cable of the Mt. Morris Index; Lawrence W. Murphy, University of Illinois; Frank P. Glass, formerly managing editor of the St. I.ouis Star; A. T. Spivey, editor of the East St. Louis Journal; Aaron N. Sick, manager of the Bunting publications, Waukegan; W. H. Gharrity, Times Journal, Savannah; C. R. Denson, Minonk News Dispatch. Resolutions were passed calling for a committee on revision of the Constitution and By-Laws with instruction to submit a report at the next regular meeting, and thanking the donors of the Florida tract for use by the International Press Foundation of the World. This tract of land, which had been offered to the press by Mr. and Mrs. Charles D. Haines of Altamonte Springs, Florida, was arousing a great deal of interest at the time and members of the association had inspected the property. Plans for use of the land were later abandoned. The meeting was attended by a large number of Illinois editors. Many papers in the Chicago area were represented. The Sixty-First Annual Meeting and the All-State Journalism Conference were held September 30, and October 1 and 2, 1926 at the University of Illinois, Champaign- Urbana. The president, William J. Smith, editor of the Waukegan Sun and one of Governor Small's cabinet as a member of the State Commerce Commission, had charge of the program. President Smith in his address at the opening of the convention stressed the re- sponsibility of the newspapers in the present days of unrest. That editorial comment in the newspaper should be separated from straight news for the best interests of both reader and publisher, was the conclusion drawn from an analysis of 100 weeklies by Charles L. Allen, of the University of Illinois, during a talk at the Thursday afternoon session. Basing his statement on his analysis of papers representing 43 states, Mr. Allen pointed out that editorial comment does not make the paper more successful commercially and that the most successful American weekly newspapers had at that time a lower per cent of local news with comment than did the less successful papers. He concluded, too, that the amount of foreign advertising carried is an inverse measure of success and pointed that the successful papers use little local news with comment and little foreign advertising. The lack of foreign advertising may have been due to insistence on good rates and prompt pay. H. Z. Mitchell, publisher of the Bemidji, Minnesota, Sentinel and former president of the Minnesota Editorial Association, explained the co-operative advertising movement which had recently been launched by leading country newspapers. John H. Harrison, Danville Commercial-News, attacked the direct primary and B. E. Pinkerton, Chicago, attacked the lack of a state congressional record as two of the outstanding problems before the state which merited concern of the press. The feature of the Friday morning joint session of daily and weekly publishers was a discussion of the general problem of the newspapers' handling of crime news, by Charles H. Dennis of the Chicago Daily News; A. L. Bowen of the Illinois State Journal, Springfield; Dean A. J. Harno, of the college of law, and Professor E. G. Esper of the department of psychology at the University. Dean Harno stated that the great injury of the press to justice in the past had been publicity before the trial. Mr. Dennis said, "Criminal news does not breed crime unless the news is so colored that as published it amounts to a concrete example of criminal recklessness." The Friday afternoon session was devoted to a symposium on advertising and other subjects by various members of the association. The problem of country correspondence was discussed by W. C. Bush, Pike County Democrat, Pittsfield; A. R. Johnson, Aledo Democrat; M. F. Walsh, Harvard Herald and C. R. Denson, Minonk News-Dispatch. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Charles W. Bliss, veteran editor of the Montgomery County News of Hillsboro, was toastmaster at the banquet in the Urbana-Lincoln Hotel Friday evening. President Kinley of the University welcomed the editors to the University. Vocational agriculture in Illinois and work with young people in solving agricultural problems were discussed by J. E. Hill, superintendent of state agricultural education. Charles Snyder, Drovers' Journal, Chicago, urged papers having rural circulations to tell and retell the stories of the farmers' successes for the inspiration in them. H. Z. Mitchell, Bemidji, Minnesota, Sentinel, gave a humorous talk on "How to Win Prizes." J. H. Hudson of the Illinois Chamber of Commerce urged fair play and real co-operation between the commercial organizations of a city and the press. Under the leadership of President Smith steps toward establishing a real school of journalism at the University of Illinois were again taken up at the banquet and the editors passed unanimously by rising vote the following resolution favoring such a project: Resolied, that a committee of the Illinois Press Association be named here tonight by the retiring president of the association to confer with President Kinley of the University of Illinois tomorrow morning to urge him and the University to establish a regular school or college of journalism on an equal footing and status with the college of law and medicind and that the committee be composed of the retiring president and four other members of the association and that the com- mittee be known as the school of journalism committee and become a permanent standing committee of the association giving its efforts to the welfare of the school of journalism at the state university. The committee appointed follows: W. J. Smith, retiring president, and member ex-officio; John H. Harrison, Danville Commercial-News, chairman; H. U. Bailey, Princeton Republican; D. W. Grandon, Sterling Gazette; and J. E. McClure, Carlin- ville Democrat. Prior to his calling for the resolution which was presented by John H. Harrison, President Smith said: "For a long time I have been interested in the establishment of a School of Jour- nalism to serve the newspapers of the state. I have always regretted that I did not receive a college education and that I was plunged into newspaper work immediately after finishing high school. The work in Journalism at the Illinois University has long claimed our regard but it is not at this time on a plane that is satisfactory to the pros of the state. We want a school here like the school at Missouri, equal in status with schools of law and medicine, and one that will be the greatest school of its kind in the world." Saturday morning was devoted principally to the business session with talks on "How a Woman Runs a Newspaper," by Miss Rubye Jones of the St. Elmo Banner; "Permanent Demonstration Home for Community Newspaper Service," by Byron LeCrone, Effingham Democrat; and an address by Eric C. Hopwood, editdr of the Cleveland Plain Dealer and president of the American Society of Newspaper Editors. At eleven o'clock that morning the committee on the School of Journalism met with President Kinley in the Board of Trustees room of the Administration Building. Members of the committee explained the reasons for their request of a distinct college and President Kinley described the possibilities of its creation. He promised to present the matter to the Board of Trustees at their next meeting and agreed to provide for the proposed school if the members secured an appropriation. 235 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History During the closing period of the convention the members gave consideration to the plan for issuing professional certificates. No action was taken. In connection with the annual meeting the National Community Newspaper contest was held. More than 200 newspapers, representing 47 states and three from Alaska were presented to the judges. Forty states entered papers for the Franklin award in the weekly newspaper field and 2 8 had been recorded before the lists closed in the Samuel Bowles contest for the best community daily. The newspapers in the national contest were divided into two classes- those worthy of professional recognition and those not of sufficient merit to deserve commendation. The former were to be given certificates as evidence of the decisions of the judges, one daily and one weekly to be singled out for special excellence on the basis of opportunity. In the national contest for weeklies the Ionia County News (Mich.) took first place; the Aledo Times-Record, second; the Brookings (S.D.) Register, third: and the Walton (N.Y.) Reporter, fourth. Honorable mention was given the following: Harvard Herald; Walsh County Record, Grafton, North Dakota; Ashland (Va.) Herald Progress; Warren (Minn.) Sheaf; Lodi (N. J.) Bulletin; Wolf Point (Mont.) Herald; Wayne (Neb ) Herald; and the Harlowton (Mont.) Times. The Bloomington Pantagraph for the second time won the Bowles award in the national community newspaper contest. In the state contest for weekly newspapers the Carmi Times-Tribune tied with the Minonk News-Dispatch for first place; the Aledo Democrat was second; and the Barry Adage and Tri-County Press, Polo, tied for third. In the state contest of dailies, the Bloomington Pantagraph was first; the Danville Commercial-News took second; and the Moline Daily Dispatch and the Sterling Daily Gazette were given honorable mention. The following officers were elected: President, Harry E. Bill, White Hall Register- Republican; Vice President, W. W. Loomis, LaGrange Citizen; W. J. Seil, Grayville Mercury-Independent; C. R. Denson, Minonk News; Secretary, H. L. Williamson, United States Publisher, Springfield; Treasurer, Gerry Scott, Wyoming Post-Herald; Executive Committee, W. J. Smith, Waukegan Sun. Attendance at the Illinois-Co.; College football game brought the meeting to a close. The professional certificate system which began to assume importance in 192^ and 1927 has an interesting story of its own. Its beginnings are here recounted in detail: The Storv of The Professional Certificate The Years 1925 to 1928 On May 2 3, 192 5 Albert H. Gravenhorst, president of the Illinois Press Association and editor of the Effingham Review, appointed a committee which was to develop a Certificate plan for recognition of professional standing in journalism. The members of this, the Committee on Education, named on that date, were Frank W. Scott. Urbana; W. F. Hardy, Decatur; and Harry B. Potter, Marshall. That the Committee was destined to launch upon important work was indicated by President Gravenhorst's letter to Frank W. Scott in which he said, "As you know tl.is is a new committee in the association and I believe the most important one we have." Scott was named chairman and he called a meeting which was held at Urbana on June 5. On June 8 he reported as follows to President Gravenhorst: 236 Iiiim'is Newspaper Dirictory and History Mr. Albert H. Gravenhorst Kditor, Effingham Review Effingham, Illinois Dear Mr. Gravenhorst: The Committee on Education for the Illinois Press Association met here on Friday afternoon with all members present. Mr. Hardy raised a question at once whether this Committee would not overlap a committee appointed last fall in the interests of the Daily section of the Illinois Press Association. That committee was appointed for the purpose of improving the editorial pages of the Illinois dailies and of course, improvement in that respect involves education both in the people who make the pages and also education in the sense of awakening the Illinois editors of the importance of strengthening their editorial pages. I do not see, how- ever, that the function of that committee is in any respect trod upon or interfered with by the present committee in so far as I understand what it is exoected to do. Our discussion was mainly an attempt to arrive at an understanding of where we ought to begin our work. We had befo'e us some suggestions made by Mr. Lawrence W. Murphy, at your request, as to possible subjects including: 1. To keep the attention of the state press fncussed on improvement in the profession. (The committee could be carried on the letter head of the association; could be called on at conventions; could be referred to in articles in the asso- ciation magazine, etc.) 2. To act as a clearing house for the ideas of the members of the association on education for journalism. (Could weigh criticisms, recommend to the asso- ciation, recommend to schools of journalism, etc.) 3. To consider and recommend policy to the association in regard to edu- cational matters. This would eliminate hasty action at conventions. 4. To study the relation of persons entering the profession to the needs of the profession with a view to making the preparation measure up to the needs. 5. To consider such other matter affecting education for the practice of journalism as may seem of importance to the members of the committee. "Among the matters which the committee could tackle would be: determin- ing what a qualified journalist should know before being admitted to full member- ship in the association or to full standing as a professional man; determining what preparation should be made for the daily newspaper; for the weekly newspaper; to recommend a program which would gradually eliminate ignorant persons enter- ing the profession and the press association. (Such a program would not affect those already members but would increase their prestige as the new members would all have high qualifications and standards.) If a licensing bill were ever passed the state press association would have a body already established which would naturally be placed in charge of licensing. This would eliminate the danger of political manipulation of a state board." The Committee felt that we should have to proceed rather slowly in order not to arouse antagonism and after a rather free discussion we settled on two points. \\ e may have other meetings and add other points later. Before doing anything, how- ever, I should be glad to have your reaction to what we have thus far done. The points that we wish to present are: 1. The Association should express its convictions that newspaper work has ceased to be a free for all field in which the untrained, the accident, the incom- petent and the know-nothing may enter to make a living when everything else has failed him. The best interests of the newspaper will be served only when the 237 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History newspaper profession clearly recognizes that there must be an educational minimum requirement of all beginners in the field and that some definite means must be provided whereby the qualifications of those entering the profession of journalism may be tested and their standing determined. 2. The second point is a step toward the first. We recommend that a sym- posium be made an important part of the program of the next fall meeting on "What we want the cubs to know." It is the purpose of the committee to ask some questions of a select list of newspaper men in the state whose answers we will assemble and dissect as a means of getting the idea of what our active news- paper men think the minimum requirements for reporters should be. I should suppose that this might be regarded as a report of progress. Any suggestions you may have to make will be gladly received. Very sincerely yours, Frank W. Scott. The committee's next step was to write to a selected list of competent newspaper men inviting them to express their views on what a cub reporter ought to know. A discussion of the subject was incorporated in the convention program of the press asso- ciation the following fall and between the written replies and the convention symposium the committee gathered a representative body of opinions on the subject. During the summer months Frank Scott had been called to New York to become editor in chief of the D. C. Heath publishing company and President Gravenhorst had appointed Lawrence W. Murphy, Urbana, as committee member and chairman in his place. The first report to the association, therefore, was made at the fall meeting in 192 5 by the new chairman. It asked that the committee be made a permanent standing com- mittee of the association and that the membership endorse the pronouncement of the committee that "journalism has ceased to be a free for all field" and "that the best interests of the newspaper will be served only when the newspaper profession clearly recognizes that there must be an educational minimum requirement of all beginners in the field and that some definite means must be provided whereby the qualifications of those entering the profession of journalism may be tested and their standing determined." This report was presented at the sixtieth annual meeting of the association at Urbana in the fall of 1925. The association took the action recommended and the committee at once went to work to devise a plan for determining professional standing. By March 6, 1926, on the occasion of the Mid-Winter Meeting of the press asso- ciation in Chicago, the chairman of the committee, Lawrence W. Murphy, made the following comments and report: "With your consent I will make a few remarks before presenting the committee report. Your committee has a most difficult job. It is seeking to help you raise the status of journalism and the competence of the newspaper men of the future by solving the educational problems bearing on the profession. It is calling upon the experience of the entire journalistic world in seeking to get at the fundamentals of journalistic educa- tion and professional standing. It has called upon editors and publishers of large news- papers and small, upon teachers of social sciences and presidents of universities; it has submitted questions to the convention of the Illinois Press Association for discussion and debate; it has sent questionnaires to teachers of journalism, conducted examinations of journalism students, and has done a substantial amount of reading in the field of journalism texts and references. 238 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "On the basis of this study, and on the basis of a study of professional education in the held of the professions of law, medicine, public accounting, engineering, educa- tion, and other generally recognized difficult vocations it has arrived at several con- clusions which may be of value in determining the trend of its future efforts in your behalf. "But it must be borne in mind that the Committee on Education exists solely for the purpose of serving you. Thus it is that we bring you our problems from time to time so that we may obtain your advice and mould our purposes to satisfy your wishes. "At the annual convention at the University of Illinois last fall the discussion of what a cub reporter ought to know provided the committee with some excellent material which it has incorporated in its present report. That discussion led us to avoid stating the desirable qualifications of a beginner in journalism in terms of formal education. It led us to avoid stating the desirable qualifications of a man worthy of professional status in terms of formal education. It enabled us to reach the conclusion that a state- ment of professional education must be made in terms of newspaper experience rather than in terms of work in the school room. This does not prevent the substitution of school work for a part of the newspaper experience; indeed that is a most desirable thing; but the present status of the profession is such that it seems not only the fair thing to recognize newspaper experience but the desirable thing as well. "To some of you it may seem like a non-essential, the setting up of an arbitrary ruling that a professional education shall be so and so, but it is the most important thing for us to do because it is one of the professional things that has not been done. The profession of medicine has established a period of training to which all recruits are subjected; the profession of law has done the same. We say that it takes seven years to attain a medical education; that it takes five, or six years to prepare for law. K journalism so easy that it can be mastered in its professional character in a shorter period? Is not the journalist of six months experience like a student doctor who has taken a six-months course of study or like a student lawyer who has read law for six months? Is not his work, no matter how well done, still an immature piece of work, brilliant at times, perhaps, but uncertain as a general rule? For my part I would as soon be operated upon by a correspondence school surgeon as trust news to a reporter with a high school education and a year of experience. "But these points are not raised for the purpose of asking you to discuss just exactly how long it takes to make a professional journalist. They are raised to indicate to you that the committee is considering the matter in a practical manner. It is more important that we make a start in the right direction now than that we quibble over details that can be adjusted without difficulty as time goes on. Universities and high schools generally agree that a four year course of study produces the best results for their purposes and we are content to go to high schools and universities for four years without raising issue about the advantages of making the courses last for two years or ten. We are content to work on the four year basis until something better is evolved. So, too, we have the trades setting up the length of preparation for apprenticeship, the army and navy prescribing the length of their preparatory systems, the entire organized world pre- scribing a certain period of preparation or probation before the honors of professional or vocational membership are conferred and so, the Committee on Education has arrived at the conclusion that we must establish a preparatory and probationary period leading to professional status. "The conferring of that status and the determination of methods by which it be made significant may follow the plan suggested in the report or such other plan as may be devised later. The suggested plan, calling for the issuance of professional cer- 239 Illinois Newspaper Directory' and History tificates by the Illinois Press Association has many things to commend it. It consti- tutes the association as a truly professional body and as the parent body of all journalistic organizations in the state; it guarantees freedom of the press and supervision of certifi- cates by newspaper men; it makes you the great moral influence in the upbuilding of the profession by placing the support of the professional credentials in your charge; it makes possible all the advantages of official recognition without giving any control into the hands of the state government. The plan calls for voluntary support and not for coercion. It places in your hands the power to sweep journalism into the position of a profession of recognized dignity and power with a turn of the hand, a word of enthusiasm, a casual utterance of confidence and pride. "Your committee does not ask for authority to issue credentials or certificates; it asks only for your endorsement or consideration of the idea. Recognition of five years experience as the basis of professional recognition and the issuance of certificates by the association are the central points of the report which I will now read. Your action on this report will clear the way for the further deliberations and studies of your committee. If it wins your approval it will make Illinois the leader in the movement for profes- sional recognition. The Report "(1) The Committee on Education reports that it has devoted its attention to further study of the problem of professional education for journalism and various means of promoting the professional standing and character of journalism. "(2) At the past convention, the sixtieth annual gathering, the committee was made a permanent standing committee of the Illinois Press Association. At that meeting consideration was given to the qualifications and achievements which should distinguish the professionally acceptable cub reporter. A symposium was held and various members reported on their experiences with beginners in journalism. "(3) While no definite agreement was reached at that time in regard to minimum educational standards for professional recognition, and while no method of encouraging acceptance of a minimum standard was discussed, progress was made in clearing the way for a general program which would incorporate the ideas of all the members. "(4) The Committee on Education reports that it is possible to establish minimum requirements for professional recognition and that, with the moral sup- port of the association, such recognition can be given without impairing freedom of the press. Advantages to be sought are improvement of reporters and editors, re- duction of the turnover of untrained workers, establishment of a professional standing that will be accepted by the press and the public. "(5) With these points in mind, and with the point in mind, also, that a plan for recognition would count school attendance as well as newspaper experience in determining professional standing, the Committee on Education recommends: That the Illinois Press Association endorse the issuance of professional certifi- cates to practicing newspapermen under conditions to be determined by the Committee on Education of the Illinois Press Association. "(6) In general the Committee plans to recognize five years experience as a professional education for the present membership and a combination of experience and schooling as the basis for recognizing the young men and women now seeking professional standing. "(7) This plan would make the Illinois Press Association the certificate and credential issuing body for the members of the profession in Illinois. The certifi- 240 Illinois Newspaper Dirlctory and History cates would have the same value to journalism and the public that a medical certifi- cate has to a doctor and his patients. "(8) The Committee recommends adoption of the report." This report was adopted and a motion to have the permanent standing com- mittee consist of one weekly editor, one daily editor and one representative of the University of Illinois journalism faculty was unanimously adopted. As the com- mittee membership conformed to the motion no changes in its personnel were necessary. The committee later proceeded to outline its plan in detail and sought to ccme to an agreement on what it should require in the way of certificate and examination machinery. It regarded the endorsement of the Chicago meeting as a direction to continue work along the lines suggested and not as an approval of a detailed project. By the fall of 1926 it was ready to commit itself to a definite working plan. This it embodied in the following recommendation to the 61st convention at Urbana during the business session: That the Illinois Press Association, through the Committee on Education, issue to competent newspaper men of Illinois a professional certificate under condi- tions to be determined by the Illinois Press Association; and that such certifi- cates be granted only to those who furnish satisfactory evidence of good moral character and professional ability and achievement; and that the Illinois Press Association authorize such expenditure as may be necessary in the work of the committee not to exceed 5 cents on every membership in the Association. The statement regarding the determining of conditions is made because the standards of the press are constantly rising and the conditions for obtaining a cer- tificate should advance with the improvement of the profession. In general it might be said that a person now applying for a certificate should have the equiva- lent of a college education and the ability to pass an examination in the theory and practice of reporting and copyreading, and the history and ethics of journalism. If he seeks recognition as a specialist he should know the subject of his specializa- tion and the special form of journalism to be used in giving that subject expression. It should be noted that nothing is said of requiring a college education at the present time. In the use of the words "equivalent of a college education" it is the intention of the committee to imply that men of ability, achievement, and worth may be recognized even though they have not attended a college or univer- sity. Such men would be required to satisfy the committee of their having made sufficient progress beyond high school standards to be classed with professional men. If this plan meets with your approval it will place a burden upon the Com- mittee on Education and will give the president and secretary a few hours of work in connection with signatures and files. A year or more will be required to deter- mine the measure of its success and during that time the plan should have the loyal support and good will of the members of the association. If it fulfills its promise it will be a significant factor in the improvement of journalism and in the character of journalism as a profession. This recommendation came too late to receive discussion and it was laid over until the mid-winter meeting at Springfield. At that meeting, which was held on March 26, 1927, the association received and acted upon the following information: "This report has reference to the certificate plan which has been under con- sideration for the past year. The essential features of the report were incorporated Illinois Newspaper Directory and History in the statement made at the Mid- Winter meeting in Chicago a year ago and at the annual meeting in Urbana in September. "In brief, the report asks you to authorize your committee on education to pass upon the men who offer themselves as candidates for the professional cer- tificate of the Illinois Press association and to award them the certificate if they make a satisfactory record in reporting and copyreading, and if they show satis- factory familiarity with the history and ethics of journalism. It gives the college graduate and the self-made newspaper man an equal chance, providing the two have equal ability and have had good experience. It requires the college graduate to get practical experience, and the self-made newspaper man to do some good reading. "Now this is a rather simple matter from the standpoint of the action of the association as a whole. If you approve the recommendation you direct your com- mittee and officers to prepare a certificate and to award it to such persons as qualify for it under reasonable rules. "So far as can be predicted there is much to be gained and nothing to be lost by a trial of the plan. It is not a restrictive measure but an opportunity. It gives the press a chance to point the way for beginners in journalism. It gives the employer an opportunity to say to the cub, 'You'd better prepare to take the exami- nation for a professional certificate next February,' or June, or whatever the case may be. "The suggestion here made in regard to what the first examinations would contain should not be considered as ideal. It is merely a basis on which a beginning can be made. As time goes on questions on newspaper production and advertising can be added for persons working on small newspapers and other questions in various fields for specialists on large papers. "Here, then, is the recommendation of the Committee on Education, in such form that you can take action on it: That the Illinois Press Association, through the Committee on Education, issue to competent newspaper men of Illinois, a professional certificate under condi- tions to be determined by the Illinois Press Association; and that such certifi- cates be granted only to those who furnish satisfactory evidence of good moral character and professional ability and achievement; and that the Illinois Press Association authorizes such expenditures as may be necessary in the work of the committee not to exceed 2 5 cents on every membership in the Association." The report was discussed by members who were favorably impressed with it and by members who questioned its value. At the conclusion of the discussions the associa- tion voted unanimously to put the proposed plan into operation and appropriated the 2 5 cents per membership requested to finance it. The morning papers of the following day, March 27, printed the following Asso- ciated Press story: Illinois Editors Are to Establish Certificate Plan Springfield, March 26. — The "Illinois plan" for the professional recognition of newspaper men was unanimously adopted today bv the Illinois Press Association immediately prior to the closing of its three-day midwinter convention. The plan is regarded by members of the association as a forward step in the establishment of a professional status for newspaper men. Certificates will be granted to news- paper men who attain the standards set by the association. 242 Illinois N'iuspapir Dirictory and History The resolution establishing the system was adopted following a report made to the convention by the association's committee on education, of which Prof. Lawrence W. Murphy, director of the course in journalism at the University of Illinois, is chairman. Other members of the committee"' are W. F. Hardy, of the Decatur Herald; H. B. Potter, Marshall Herald; E. H. Childress. Fairfield Press; Orville B. Littick, Murphysboro Independent; and John P. Beckman, Carthage Journal. The aim of the committee, as explained by its secretary, is to provide that qualified reporters and editorial workers be issued certificates of proficiency in their profession on the same basis that certificates are issued to physicians, attorneys, and members of other professions, without having a government agency involved. The certificates will be issued only after the applicants have passed an examina- tion along the lines approved by the association. The standard for possession of a certificate is set at four year's university work plus one year's active newspaper experience, or an alternative of five year's newspaper experience and certain general requirements. An examination will be given in addition to the requirements of length of experience. At the request of the president of the Southern Editorial Association the com- mittee chairman addressed that body at Granite City April 23 of that year at its regular annual meeting. He explained the plan to the members, who discussed it and then voted to give it their support. Two votes were recorded against the plan and both of these were withdrawn after the meeting and the endorsement was made unanimous. The committee then went to work on establishing regulations and machinery to carry on the work. It was the feeling of the members that the press of the state was solidly behind the plan. The idea had been endorsed at Chicago, Springfield, Urbana, and Granite City and all sections of the state were represented in the decision. It took up the following items: (1) Outline of procedure, (2) Names of examiners, (3) Wording of certificate, (4) Policy on awards, (5) Forms and announcements. Agreement was reached by the members after a thorough consideration and the certificates, seals, announcement forms, etc., were ordered and the work begun of issuing certificates to men past thirty years of age who were considered eligible without examina- tion if their newspaper experience was considered satisfactory. Two hundrd and eighty certificates were issued without written examination. The first twenty numbers went to the following: Albert H. Gravenhorst, Effingham County Review; Warren F. Hardy, Decatur Herald; Harry B. Potter, Marshall Herald; John Harrison, Danville Commercial-News; H. I.. Williamson, United States Publisher; William J. Smith, Waukegan Daily Sun; S. P. Preston, Gillespie News; H. U. Bailey, Bureau County Republican (Princeton); C. S. Conger, White County Democrat (Carmi) ; Owen Scott, Bloomington Bulletin; W. B. Davis, Mt. Sterling Democrat-Message; Eugene L'Hote, of Milford; W. T. Bed- ford, LaSalle Tribune; S. K. Strother, of Taylorville; J. C. Adams, Peotone Vedette; Charles Bradshaw, Carrollton Patriot; Charles Boeschenstein, Edwardsville Intelligencer; C. M. Tinney, Virginia Gazette; M. F. Walsh, Harvard Herald & Independent, and O. L. Davis, Champaign News-Gazette. The committee then sent out letters to fifty certificate holders inviting them to submit questions for the first written examination. There were many replies and the questions were compiled and arranged for use. On May 17 and 18, 1929, the first written examination was offered at Urbana. It was taken by the following young men and women: Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Roy Everett Baird, Marshall; Neva Beatrice Bowling, Mason City, Iowa; Olive Lorraine Cox, Sheridan, Indiana; Ruth D. Conklin, Los Angeles, California; Paul Sparks Cousley, Alton; Karma Ellen Golden, Champaign; Howard Cook Heyn, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Harold Emerson Hutchings, Effingham; Robert Lynn Jacobs, Chicago; Frances Smith Jacquin, Champaign; Mary Elizabeth Jens, Wheaton; Clarence Maiden Jones, Springfield; Francis J. Koenig, Streator; Raymond Lincoln Kringer, Vandalia; Arthur Leonard Lindbloom, Chicago; Theodore T. Merrill, Roodhouse; Henry Molden, Troy; James Joseph Mullen, Chicago; James J. Nalbach, Moweaqua; Alice Margaret Oathout, Macomb; Frank Ellsworth Schooley, Effingham; Helen Jeanette Smith, Chicago. With the holding of this examination the work of putting the plan into operation was completed. Into the building of the system nad gone much time and effort not traceable in this story. To it men of national prominence outside the state had con- tributed their ideas and questions. Glancing through the letters of help that came to the committee we find the names of Lee A. White, Detroit News; Oswald Garrison Villard, The Nation; Willis J. Abbot, Christian Science Monitor; Dean Eric W. Allen, Oregon; J. W. Cunliffe, Columbia; Walter Williams, Missouri; W. G. Bleyer, Wisconsin; L. N. Flint, Kansas; and others. Charles H. Dennis, editor of the Chicago Daily News recommended in Octob?r 1926 that the plan be given thorough study and, under favorable circumstances, that it be applied with extreme care and to a limited extent until its results could be care- fully weighed. Dean Walter Williams of Missouri and Dean W. G. Bleyer of Wisconsin referred to it during its formative stages as one of the most important, if not the most important, movement for the improvement of the press that had been undertaken in the last twenty years. Several state associations appointed committees on education and began a study of the plan with reference to their own needs. Much of the work of the Illinois committee has been done. This work includes the study and devising of tests for determining journalistic aptitude, the study and devising of tests for determining journalistic achievement and the administration of tests and the checkup of the results. The experience of many daily newspaper editors and reporters, of many weekly newspaper editors and publishers, of manv teachers and directors of schools of journalism are embodied in the professional recognition plan. More than two hundred experienced newspaper men aided in shaping the early rules and regulations. 244 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Chapter XI The School and the Triumph at Springfield 1927 The Mid- Winter Meeting of the Illinois Press Association was held March 24, 2 5 and 26, 1927, in Springfield. The members were occupied principally with the business and technical aspects of printing and publishing, although the elimination of fraud in advertising, the development of national advertising, and the issuing of certificates to reporters came up also as important matters of discussion. The convention was launched with a banquet at the Hotel Abraham Lincoln on the evening of March 24, at which many men prominent in Illinois and national life had seats at the speakers' table. The first business session was opened at 9:30 Friday morning in the auditorium of the beautiful Centennial building by W. W. Loomis, LaGrange Citizen, in the temporary absence of President Harry Bell, White Hall Register-Republican. At this session two men prominent in organizations working toward the betterment of advertising spoke on the subject of keeping fraud out of the advertising columns of the newspapers. H. A. Dryden, Peoria, of the Association of Newspaper Classified Advertising Man- agers, said in part: "The reporter who draws on his imagination to color a news story does little if any harm, but the advertiser of untrue statements made through the adver- tising columns deliberately lies, and does untold harm both to the newspaper as an adver- tising medium and to the advertiser who allows his product to be misrepresented." He spoke of the hearty co-operation which had been accorded his organization by the newspapers of the state, and briefly described the service it gave its members. An important feature of the service was the issuing of bulletins giving facts in regard to advertisers and a digest of the annual convention. Membership in the organization was made available to publishers in smaller communities by the fact that dues operated on a sliding scale gauged by population. The membership fee for any town under 5 0,000 population was ten dollars. He related specific examples of a number of frauds the organization had brought to light, almost all of which demanded a cash down payment. Many such frauds had been driven from the classified columns and a number of the perpetrators brought to justice. Following him Roscoe Herget, a Peoria attorney, spoke of the operations of the Better Business Bureau in that city. Peoria had the honor of establishing the first such bureau in Illinois. Chicago soon followed and operated its Better Business Bureau on a yearly budget of approximately $45,000. Mr. Herget gave as the purposes of this move- ment the following: to increase public confidence in advertising; to prevent deception; and, to prevent unfair competition. He stated that at the outset there had been some misconception on the part of the newspapers as to the purpose of the Better Business movement but that when it had been demonstrated that members were in favor of ad- vertising, the co-operation at once extended them by the newspapers had become one of the largest factors in their success in investigating suspected frauds and preventing their reaching the public by way of advertising. He concluded by assuring the Illinois Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Press Association members that the Better Business Bureau was at their service, and laying down three premises as a guide for the acceptance of advertising copy: 1 . The public has a right to believe the advertising it reads. 2. The advertiser has a right to have his advertising believed. 3. The publisher who accepts untrue copy is an accessory in the crime of obtaining money under false pretenses. The address of Albert H. Windust, of the Grier Press, Inc., Chicago, on the subject, "Steel Rule Die Cutting in Relation to Printing," was one of particular interest to operators of larger jobbing establishments. The display of work done by his firm con- firmed his statement that the irregular outline of this form of art is eye arresting. Even at some distance from the stage one could recognize the contented Holstein of Carnation Milk fame, the Eversharp pencil, Balkite radio batteries, and numerous other pictures known to the reader of the advertising columns. The speaker also displayed tally cards, mechanical valentines, balloon displays, pop-ups, greeting cards, and even educational die- cuts used for demonstrating algebra, which his company had prepared for the Scott, Foresman Company. A feature of the meetings was the school of instruction conducted by Martin Heir, associate editor of the Inland Printer, on "Proper Methods of Estimating Costs, Compo- sition, Press Work, Binding, Ruling, etc." Mr. Heir, as one of the foremost authorities on this subject in the country and one of the pioneers in that field, was accorded a generous amount of time at each of the sessions. The meeting adjourned at noon for luncheon at the Leland hotel, where the editors joined with the Mid-day Luncheon club and heard addresses by United States Senator Arthur Capper of Kansas, and the Honorable Edwin T. Meredith, Meredith Publishing Company, Des Moines, Iowa, secretary of agriculture during the Woodrow Wilson ad- ministration. The subjects treated were of particular importance to the midwest, and as such were topics with which the Illinois Press was concerned. Senator Capper sounded the key-note of his address with this statement: "The midwest has been ignored long enough in national legislation and the east has gotten enough. We should now fight to see that the midwest agricultural and waterway needs are recognized and granted due legislation by the nation." E. T. Meredith outlined his program for farm relief and the stabilization of agri- culture through government price fixing and purchasing of surplus; the amount of such surplus would, he said, affect the price fixed for the ensuing year. His talk was impres- sive because of his special knowledge and the convincing arguments with which he supported his assertions. At the afternoon session Arthur W. Cooley of the Inland Daily Newspaper Repre- sentatives, Inc., Chicago, was the first speaker. "The Advantage of Printing Office Appraisals," as presented by Richard I. Utter, President, the Lloyd Thomas Company, Appraisal Engineers, Chicago, was another subject of particular interest to those con- ducting a job-printing establishment, and it provoked so much questioning of the speaker and interesting discussion that there remained only time enough before adjournment to hear the report of the By-Laws Committee, read by S. P. Preston, Gillespie News. The report was accepted as read and a motion made and carried that the by-laws be printed in pamphlet form and mailed to every member of the association. Two of the speakers scheduled for the Saturday morning session, C. R. Frederick of Nokomis, who had his subject, "Community Newspapers," and M. F. Walsh, Harvard Herald and Independent, whose subject was, "How Do You Gather News?", were unable to attend. Some of the editors engaged in an informal discussion of news-gathering 246 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History methods, and the idea was advanced that local press organizations might find it helpful to co-operate in this matter and each editor furnish copy of news items in his locality to the others in return for the same courtesy. John L. Eyrse, newly appointed field secretary was introduced. Reports of the Legislative Committee and the Committee on Education were heard and approved. The recommendation of the Committee on Education held over from the last meeting was presented and approved by unanimous vote. It provided: That the Illinois Press Association, through the Committee on Education, issue to competent newspaper men of Illinois a professional certificate under con- ditions to be determined by the Illinois Press Association. The final business session was then turned over to Mr. Heir for his school of instruc- tion. He went into the history of the cost-finding movement. Twenty years earlier the Grand Rapids printers organized and launched an investigation conducted over a period of one year showed that during that time the membership had done business at a loss of $312,000, he said. They had been paying compositors sixty cents an hour and selling composition at seventy-five cents an hour. The result of this revelation was that they more than trebled the price of hand composition. The next year's survey showed that not only had they made up the deficiency of the previous year, but they showed a profit for that year of $232,000. He pointed out that it is this lack of knowledge of the actual cost to him of turning out work that causes the average job printer to set his price so low as to underbid a competitor. This condition brings about the lack of standardization in prices that is the bane of the job printing industry today. "This condition can be rectified only by the adoption of a uniform system of costs based on the productive process on every type of machine used in the modern printing plant," said Mr. Heir. Results of the survey for 1926 were scheduled to appear in the June issue of Mr. Heir's publication, the Inland Printer, and the whole subject, with complete cost tables, was announced for book publication in July. That many job printers do not take into consideration all elements of cost in quoting job prices was demonstrated by the speaker in taking up the example suggested to him by Mr. Williamson, secretary of the Association, of a customer who orders 1,000 Hammermill letter heads, 2 0-pound stock. By using figures compiled by the standard cost system the following estimate was made. Stock $ 1.50 40 per cent for breaking ream .60 Stock spoilage by feeder .18 Composition 3.40 Lock-up .68 Make-ready .6 8 Press-run (10x15 press) 1.70 Ink .15 Jogging -10 Total $ 8.99 Profit, 25 per cent 2.25 Price to customer SI 1.24 A warm discussion followed the presentation of these figures. All agreed that com- petitive price cutting was wrong in this as in any other line of business, but the question 247 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History arose as to the result to the individual of embarking on this policy. The speaker evinced good-natured interest in these expressions, and informed his hearers that such objections were not new to him. The fact that where others had priced work on this basis, success had followed instead of the disaster anticipated, he advanced as the most appropriate and conclusive argument in its favor. Those whose time permitted attended a twelve o'clock luncheon and the matinee theatre party at the Majestic. Social affairs for the meeting included a banquet at the Hotel Abraham Lincoln Thursday evening with over 400 present, and a dance Friday evening at the Country Club. Hodalski's orchestra pleased members at the dance, and Miss Dorothy Vanselow gave a solo dance, "Sparklets." The keynote sounded by the sixteen speakers who addressed the members of the association at their banquet Thursday evening — all of them men prominent in the polit- ical life of the state and nation — was the relation of the man in public life to the press, and the great responsibility that devolves upon the newspaper as the moulder of public opinion. Each speaker was generous in his commendation of the newspaper men for their honesty and their integrity. Governor Len Small said that departure from the ethics of the profession presenting facts in their true light, uncolored by individual bias, was so unusual as to be glaring and mentioned in particular one publication which had distorted the truth in regard to a recent judicial convention. He stated that because of a rigorous schedule he was obliged to decline the invitation to appear before the meeting of the newspaper men, but when he considered the great responsibility which they were shouldering, he felt justified in waiving other duties to appear before the editors. The Honorable Thomas Rees, publisher of the Illinois State Register, Springfield, who acted as toastmaster, in introducing United States Senator Charles S. Deneen, stated that no one would deny that he would make a handsome presidential candidate. This suggestion was greeted with enthusiastic applause. The senator recalled pleasant relations that had existed between him and the press during his thirty-four years of political life, beginning with his membership in the state legislature and continuing through the time he was chief executive of the state and his more recent years in Washington. He stated that the press was the kindest friend and the severest critic of the man in public- life, and commented on the wide range of information which must be the possession of the able newspaper man, and the desirability of the newspaper man and the man in public- life acquiring mutual understanding. Senator Frank L. Smith was introduced as at once the newest and the most adver- tised senator, and in acknowledging this introduction he humorously stated that if there was any newspaper or any part of any newspaper in the state of Illinois for sale he would declare himself as being in the market, as he would like to belong to the Illinois Press Association, one organization that apparently felt that he was entitled to a seat. Pledging himself to uphold both the honor of the state he had been chosen to represent in the United States Senate and his own personal honor, he turned the subject to the importance of the press, saying: "If this country should ever fail, the largest responsibility for its disintegration would rest upon the newspapers. Therefore you, as newspaper publishers and editors, hold an important place in your state and for your state as one of the great common- wealths of these United States. The press of Illinois is in close contact with the people of the state. It is endowed with patriotic ideas and ideals. 248 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "There ever has been and ever should be a divergence of opinion in public life. That is to be expected. The burden of responsibility which rests upon the press in reflecting both sides of this divergence, in setting the people right on the issue, and in educating readers on public questions and the affairs of the government, is enormous. It is not always possible to be entirely right. The facts as they reach you are not always such as to enable you to arrive at the right conclusion, in your efforts to present a clear and concise statement to your readers; so if some acts of a public official are miscon- strued, he should bear in mind that it is not intentional. "Politics is the daily avocation of the average citizen. Through the press his opin- ions are formed, and if this country is to endure as a republic and a standard of gov- ernment for the rest of the world to measure by, it shall be because you uphold the form of this government and respect its constitution, and teach that respect to your public." H. E. Bell of White Hall, president of the Illinois Press Association, introduced Thomas Rees, publisher of the Illinois State Register, Springfield, as toastmaster. A rising ovation was accorded each of the principal speakers, and H. L. Williamson, state superintendent of printing, was likewise honored for his untiring and productive work as secretary of the organization. President J. Paul Clayton of the Chamber of Commerce spoke for Mayor J. Emil Smith, who was unable to attend, in welcoming the association to Springfield. He deliv- ered an address on the subject, "Know Illinois." Springfield was further represented by Senator Earl B. Searcy and Representatives T. J. Sullivan and Henry H. Mester of the 45th district and Charles W. Vail, clerk of the Supreme Court. Other members of the state legislature to appear on the program were: Speaker Robert Scholes of the House of Representatives; the Honorable Reed F. Cutler, Republican floor leader, House of Representatives; Representative Carl E. Robinson of Jacksonville. Lieutenant-Governor Fred E. Sterling, then editor of the Rockford Register-Gazette, spoke briefly and Vincent Y. Dallman, managing editor of the Illinois State Register, Springfield, explained in an amusing manner how he acquired his title as "Admiral of the Sangamon River Fleet." The entertainers found a most responsive and enthusiastic audience. Music was furnished during the serving of the banquet by Hodalski's eight-piece orchestra. Scotty Andrews, superintendent of the Messinger Paper company of Chicago, entertained with Scotch songs, in costume, and Charles Hitchcock, Waukegan, made a hit with his impersonation of the famous Jiggs addressing the ward voters in his campaign for alder- man on the "Dimocratic" ticket. It is probable that never before in the history of the association had so many men of prominence in national and state affairs appeared at a single banquet and the editors appreciated to the fullest extent the honor paid to the fraternity by these men. The following article which appeared in the United States Publisher of September, 1927, tells how the Illinois Press was sponsoring the Illinois Journalism Schoo' and how the school was building its program. "With $30,000 in the treasury and $30,000 available through legislation, the school of journalism at the University of Illinois is off for a big year. That prospects are so fine for a successful term is due to the efforts of the "fathers" of the School of Jour- nalism bill — W. J. Smith, Waukegan Sun, and John H. Harrison, Danville Commercial- News; and to the many friends of the school in the Illinois Press Association; and to those members of the legislature who saw to it that the bill went through the House. 249 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "Plans for legislation were introduced at the suggestion of Editor Smith, who was then president of the Illinois Press Association. The bill was presented to President David Kinley, of the University of Illinois, and after his endorsement Illinois editors favored the bill at their meeting last September 30, October 1 and 2, at the University of Illinois. "Later on, the bill was drafted at the request of the legislative committee of the Illinois Press, and was introduced in the House by Representative William F. Weiss, Waukegan. Appropriation for $30,000, which is to maintain the school for two years, was made by the 5 5th General Assembly and formally approved June 17, 1927. The bill is as follows: "House Bill No. 28 5. 'An Act to establish a College of Journalism at the University of Illinois and making an appropriation therefor. The Charter of The College " 'Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly: " 'Section 1. The Trustees of the University of Illinois are authorized and directed to establish a College of Journalism at the University of Illinois. " 'Section 2. The College of Journalism shall offer such course of instruction relating to journalism as will best serve to train and equip persons for service in that profession. " 'Section 3. There is appropriated to the University of Illinois, for the purpose of establishing such College of Journalism, the sum of thirty thousand dollars ($30,000) for the biennium ending June 30, 1929. " 'Section 4. This appropriation is subject to the provisions "An act in relation to the State finance," approved June 10, 1919, as amended.' " "September 1 5 is the opening date for the school, while organization will proceed throughout the year until a permanent staff of instruction is decided upon. From now on the school will be prepared to award bachelor of science and master of arts degrees in journalism. "Included in the course of study are some original ideas. Three months of practical newspaper work must be accomplished beyond the sophomore year, this requirement to become effective with the class of 1929. For the student who returns for post graduate work leading to a master of arts degree, a term of 'interneship,' lasting from six to nine months, will be spent in a newspaper office, under the supervision of the publisher and the faculty of the school. This post year resembles that which the medical or law student undergoes, except that in this case the work is not requisite to the practice of journalism. "The journalism courses required for graduation are: reporting, copy reading, printing and publishing, newspaper advertising or business problems, law of the press, history of journalism, ethics of journalism, editorial writing, special problems or thesis." New Laws and Great Leaders Efforts of the Illinois Press Association to secure important legislation met with unusual success during this year. The leadership shown by the organization's com- mittees is paid a tribute in the following article which appeared in the United States Publisher of July, 1927. "One of the best legislative programs ever carried out by the Illinois Press Asso- ciation in relation to the publication of various legal notices and reports was just com- 250 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History pleted in connection with the Fifty-fifth General Assembly. Not since 1919 have laws of so much importance to publishers of Illinois been passed and these are an im- provement upon those of that period eight years ago. "Members of the legislative committee, all of whom were active are: S. P. Preston, Gillespie News; J. E. McClure, Carlinville Democrat; Leslie Small, Kankakee Republican; J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat; Harry B. Potter, Marshall Herald; W. W. Loomis, LaGrange Citizen; W. W. Evans, Belleville Advocate; and H. U. Bailey, Bureau County Republican, Princeton. Hearty co-operation was shown by President Harry Bell of the White Hall Register-Republican, president of the Illinois Press Association; \V. |. Smith, Waukegan Daily Sun; Will H. McConnell, Illinois State Journal, Springfield, and George Clendenin, Illinois State Register, Springfield, besides a host of individual publishers who appealed to certain legislators in regard to the merits of the bills and importance of their passage. Credit is also due the committee for the defeat of certain bills inimical to the interest of publishers, and to the public in general. "All House bills were introduced by Representative William F. Weiss, Waukegan, while Senate Bill No. 613, of particular value this year because real estate assessments in Illinois are published only once in four years and this was the year, was introduced by Senator Andrew S. Cuthbertson, Bunker Hill. So many representatives and senators are worthy of commendation for active support of the bills though only the two intro- ducers are mentioned here. "The man to whom most credit belongs for the passage of the bills is Governor Len Small. Without his aid none of them would have passed. Lieutenant Governor Fred E. Sterling, Rockford, and Speaker Robert Scholes, Peoria, gave very valuable assistance and at a time when it was thought Senate Bill No. 613 was lost Lieutenant Governor Sterling came to our aid 100 per cent and made it possible for this bill to pass. The editors of Illinois will long remember the assistance given them by these men. "House bill No. 462, which was passed by the Fifty-first General Assembly, is reprinted because it establishes the width of the column. All editors will remember this bill was passed by the help of Governor Frank O. Lowden; Judge Edward D. Shurt- leff, Marengo; and the Honorable Charles E. Woodward, Ottawa. We never forget our friends. "House Bill No. 462. An Act in relation to the form and cost of publications re- quired by law, or by order or rule of court, and to repeal an Act entitled, An Act fixing the rate of advertising by the State and providing for the payment of the same,' ap- proved May 21, 1877, in force July 1, 1877. "Section 1. Be // enacted by the People of the State of Illinois represented in the General Assembly: That when any notice, advertisement, proclamation, statement, pro- posal, ordinance or proceedings of an official body or board or any other matter or material is required by law or by the order of rule of any court to be published in any newspaper, the face of type in which such publication shall be made shall be the same as the body type used in the classified advertising in the newspaper in which such publica- tion is made. The minimum reasonable rate shall be ten cents per line for each insertion. A standard measure of thirteen ems pica shall constitute a line. "Section 2. An Act entitled, 'An Act fixing the rate of advertising by the State, and providing for the payment of the same,' approved May 21, 1877, in force July 1, 1877, is hereby repealed. "Approved June 2 3, 1919." "The bills passed this year are as follows: 251 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "Senate Bill No. 613. 'An Act to amend Section 29 of "An Act for the assessment of property and providing the means therefor, and to repeal a certain act therein named," approved February 25, 1898, as amended.' "Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly: "Section 1. Section 29 of 'An Act for the assessment of property and providing the means therefor, and to repeal a certain act therein named,' approved February 2 J, 1898, as amended, is amended to read as follows: "Section 29. As soon as the county assessor or supervisor of assessment in the year A.D. 1907, etc., he shall cause to be published a full and complete list of such assessment by township or assessment districts, which publication shall be made on or before July 10, of each year, in some public newspaper or newspapers printed and published in said township or assessment district. "The newspaper shall be entitled to a fei of ten cents per line for publishing the assessment list, and shall furnish to county assessor, the county supervisor of assessments, and the board of review, as many copies of said paper containing the assessment list as they may require, said papers so furnished not to cost to exceed five (5) cents per copy: Provided further, that in counties of 2 5 0,000 inhabitants or over, no assessment of real estate shall be published, as herein provided, until such assessment shall have been equal- ized, revised or affirmed by the board of review, and when the board of review shall have acted upon the assessment list of real property, as herein provided in the year 1907, and every four years thereafter, the assessors and board of review shall cause to be published a full and complete list of such assessment on real property, together with all changes made by the board of review under the authority of this act, such changes to be indi- cated in a separate column, such publication to be in pamphlet form, by election districts, in lieu of publication in a newspaper: And, provided, that the board of review shall cause to be mailed to each taxpayer in said election precinct, a copy of the said list for his precinct: Provided, further, that in case said assessment is not published in con- formity with law and was not mailed in accordance with the provisions of this act, the failure to so publish the same or mail the same shall not be considered as a valid objection to a judgment for tax sale in the county court. The expense for such printing and pub- lications shall be paid out of the county treasury. "Synopsis. Amends Section 29 of the Revenue of 1898, providing that the news- paper shall be entitled to a fee of ten cents per line for publishing the assessment lists instead of the present rate of five cents per name for each person assessed, and ten cents for each description of real estate. "House Bill No. 2 5 0. An act to amend Section 77 of 'An Act to establish and maintain a system of free schools,' approved June 12, 1909, as amended. "Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly: "Section 1. Section 77 of 'An Act to establish and maintain a system of free schools,' approved June 12, 1909, as amended, is amended to read as follows: "Section 77. On or before the 30th day of June, annually, the township treasurer shall deliver to the county superintendent of schools, a statement verified by his affidavit, showing the exact condition of the township funds. Such statement shall contain a description of all bonds, mortgages, notes and other securities, held as principal of the township fund, giving names, dates, amounts, rates of interest, when due, and other data necessary to a full understanding of the condition of the funds. "In addition to the other reports and statements required of the tounship treasurer, he shall prepare, file and publish a statement of receipts and disbnrsem nts, as provided Illinois Newspaper Directory and History for custodians of public money in 'An Act requiring custodians of public moneys to file and publish statements of the receipts and disbursements thereof, and to repeal an Act entitled, "An Act to require officers having in their custody public funds, to prepare and publish an annual statement of the receipt and disbursements of such funds," approved May 30, 1881, in force July 1, 1881, and amendments thereto,' approved June 24, 1919. "Synopsis. Amends Section 77 of the School Law, providing that a township treasurer shall publish a statement of receipts and disbursements as is provided by law for other custodians of public moneys. "House Bill No. 2 5 1. An Act to amend Section 4 of 'An Act requiring cus- todians of public moneys to file and publish statements of the receipts and disburse- ments thereof, and to repeal an Act entitled, "An Act to require officers having in their custody public funds, to prepare and publish an annual statement of the receipt and disbursement of such funds " approved May 30, 1881, in force July 1, 1881, and amend- ments thereto,' approved June 24, 1919. "Re if enacted by the People of the S/a'c of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly : "Section 1. Section 4 of 'An Act requiring custodians of public moneys to file and publish statements of the receipts and disbursements thereof, and to repeal an Act en- titled, "An Act to require officers having in their custody public funds, to prepare and publish an annual statement of the receipt and disbursement of such funds," approved May 30, 1881, in force luly 1. 1881, and amendments thereto,' approved June 24, 1919, is amended to read as follows: "Section 4. The cost of such publication shall be paid out of the funds of the count r, district, city, town, village or other bod\ in which the officer holds office. "Synopsis. Amends Section 4 of the Act requiring custodians of public moneys to publish statements of the receipts and disbursements thereof. The cost of such publica- tion shall be paid out of the funds of the county, district, city, town, village or other body in which the officer holds office, instead of out of funds in the officers' hands. "House Bill No. 267. An Act to amend Section 22 of 'An Act concerning fees and salaries, and to classify the several counties of this state with reference thereto,' approved March 29, 1872, as amended. "Re it enacted In the People of the Stale of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly: "Section 1. Section 22 of 'An Act concerning fees and salaries, and to classify the several counties of this state with reference thereto,' approved March 29, 1872, as amended, is amended to read as follows: "Section 22. For printer, for advertising delinquent lists in all counties, for each tract of land, twenty (20) cents, to be taxed and collected as costs. "The printer shall receive for printing the preamble, the descriptive headings, the affidavit, and any other matter accompanying the delinquent //-/. the mm of ten (10) cents per line, to be paid by the count). "No costs, except printer's fees, shall be charged on any lands or lots forfeited to the state. "Synopsis. Amends Section 2 2 of the Fees and Salaries Act, providing that the printer shall receive ten cents per line for printing the preamble, the descriptive headings, the affidavit, and any other matter accompanying the delinquent list. "House Bill No. 268. An Act to amend Section 1. of 'An Act concerning the publication of legal notices,' approved June 8, 1909. "Re it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly •' 253 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "Section 1. Section 1 of 'An Act concerning the publication of legal notices,' approved June 8, 1909, is amended to read as follows: Section 1. That whenever it is required by law that any legal notice or publication shall be published in a newspaper in this State, it shall be held to mean a newspaper that has been regularly published for at least six months prior to the first publication of said notice, or a merged or consolidated newspaper formed by the merger or consolida- tion of two or more newspapers, one of which has been regularly published for at least six months prior to the first publication of the notice. "Synopsis. Amends Section 1 of the Act of 1909 concerning the publication of legal notices of 1909 providing that the word 'newspaper' shall include a merged or consolidated newspaper formed by the merger or consolidation of two or more news- papers, one of which has been regularly published for at least six months. "House Bill No. 269. An Act to amend Section 16 of 'An Act to provide for and regulate the administration of trusts by trust companies,' approved June 15, 18 87, as amended. "Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois, represented 1 in the General Assembly: "Section 1. Section 16 of 'An Act to provide for and regulate the administration of trusts by trust companies,' approved June 15, 18 87, as amended, is amended to read as follows: "Section 16. The said Auditor shall cause a proper abstract of the statements of assets and liabilities reported under Section 9 of this Act, to be published once in each week, for three consecutive weeks, in a newspaper of general circulation, published in the city, town or village where the principal office of the trust company is located; or, if no newspaper be published therein, then in a newspaper of general circulation published in the county seat of the county. Such publication to be paid by said company. "Synopsis. Amends Section 16 of the Act regulating the administration of trusts by trust companies. Permits the Auditor's statement of the assets and liabilities of a trust company to be published in a newspaper published in the county seat of the county, in the event that no newspaper is published in the city where the principal office of the trust company is located. "House Bill No. 284. An Act to amend Sections 11, 44, 63, 76 and 79 of 'An Act concerning local improvements,' approved June 14, 1897, as amended. "Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois, represented in the General Assembly: "Section 1. Sections 11, 44, 63, 76 and 79 of 'An Act concerning local improve- ments,' approved June 14, 1897, as amended are amended to read as follows: "Section 11. Upon the presentation to the common council or board of trustees of such proposed ordinance, together with such recommendation and estimate, if the said estimate of cost shall exceed the sum of one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000), (exclusive of the amount to be paid for the land to be taken or damaged), such ordi- nance shall be referred to the proper committee and published in the proceedings of the council or board of trustees. In any city, village or incorporated town which does not regularly publish the proceedings of its council or board of trustees, such ordinance after having been referred to the proper committee shall, together with the recommendation and estimates, be published one time in full in a daily or weekly newspaper to be desig- nated by the council or board of trustees, published in the city, village or town; or, if no newspaper be published in the city, village or town, then in a newspaper of general circulation therein. Such publication shall be at least one week before any action shall be taken on such ordinance by the council or board of trustees. Whenever any plat, 254 Illinois Nlwspaim k Directory and History plan, profile, or drawing is a part of any such ordinance, or is attached thereto as a part thereof, or is referred to by any such ordinance, it shall not be necessary to publish any such plat, plan, profile or drawing in connection with the publication of such ordinance. "Section 44. Petitioner shall, in addition to other notices hereinbefore provided for, cause at least fifteen (15) days' notice to be given prior to the time at which confirma- tion of said assessment shall be sought, by posting notices in at least four public places in such city, village or town, all of which shall be in the neighborhood of such proposed improvements, and by publishing the same once each neck, for two successive weeks, in a daily or weekly newspaper published in the city, village or toun; or, if no newspaper be published in the city, village or toun, then in a newspaper 1 of general circulation therein. Where other corporate authorities having power to make use of the provisions of this act shall do so, the notice may be published in any daily or weekly newspaper in the county in which such proceeding shall be had. The notice shall be over the name of the officer levying such assessment, and be substantially as follows: "Special Assessment Notice. "Notice is hereby given to all persons interested that the city council (or board of trustees, or other corporate authorities, as the case may be) of ... having ordered that (here insert a brief description of the nature of the improvement), the ordinance for the same being on file in the office of the clerk, having applied to the court of county for an assessment of the costs of said improvement, according to benefits, and an assessment therefor having been made and returned to said court, the final hearing thereon will be had on the day of ._ A.D. 19 , or as soon thereafter as the business of the court will permit. All persons desiring may file objec- tions in said court before said day, and may appear on the hearing and make their defense. (Here give date.) "Where the assessment is payable in installments, the number of installments and the rate of interest shall also be stated. "Section 63. The collector receiving such warrant shall, immediately, give notice thereof by publishing a notice once each week for two successive weeks in a daily or weekly newspaper published in the city, village or tou n; or, if no neu spaper be published in the city, village or town, then in a newspaper of general circulation therein. Such notice may be substantially in the following form: "Special Assessment Notice. Special Warrant No. "Notice: Publication is hereby given that the (here insert title of court) has rendered judgment for a special assessment (or special tax) upon property benefited by the following improvement: (here describe the character and location of the improve- ment in general terms), as will more fully appear from the certified copy of the judg- ment on file in my office; that the warrant for the collection of such assessment (or special tax) is in the hands of the undersigned. All persons interested are hereby notified to call and pay the amount assessed at the collector's office (here insert location of office) within thirty days from the date hereof. Dated this day of A.D. 19 Collector. "When such assessment or special tax is levied to be paid in installments, such notice shall, in addition to the foregoing, contain the amount of each installment, the rate of interest deferred installments bear, the date when payable. "Section 76. Notice shall be given by the board of local improvement that bids will be received for the construction of such improvements, either as a whole or in such 255 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History sections as the board shall specify in its notice, in accordance with the ordinance therefor; which notice shall state the time of opening such bids (not more than fifteen, (15) nor less than ten (10) days thereafter), and shall further state where the specifications for such improvements are to be found, and whether the contracts are to be paid in cash or in bonds, and if in bonds, then the rate of interest such vouchers or bonds, shall draw. The notice shall be published one time in a daily or weekly newspaper, designated by the board of local improvements in an order entered in its records, published in the city, village or town; or, if no newspaper be published in the city, tillage or town, then in a newspaper of general circulation therein. Proposals or bids may be made either for such work as a whole or for such specified sections thereof. All proposals or bids offered shall be accompanied by cash or by check payable to the order of the president of the board of local improvements in his official capacity, certified by a responsible bank, for an amount which shall not be less than ten (10) per centum of the aggregate of the proposal. Said proposal or bids shall be delivered to the board of local improvements, and said board shall, in open session, at the time and place fixed in said notice, examine and publicly declare the same: Provided, however, that no proposals nor bids shall be considered unless accompanied by such check or cash. "Section 79. Notice of such award of contract shall be published one time in a daily or weekly newspaper, designated by the board of local improvements in an order entered in its records, published in the city, tillage or town; or, if no newspaper be published in the city, village or town, then in a neivspaper of general circulation therein. ..." The final bill passed was House Bill No. 28 5, the bill to establish a College of Jour- nalism at the University of Illinois, already presented. Sixty-Second Annual meeting. The Illinois Press Association met at Urbana October 13, 14 and 15, 1927, for the Sixty-Second Annual Meeting. This convention afforded editors of the state a fine opportunity to see in operation the school for which they were largely responsible. One year after the selection of the committee to confer with Presi- dent David Kinley of the University of Illinois concerning the establishing of a regular school of journalism there, the school was in actual operation, with an enrollment of 250. That was direct evidence of the efforts and success of William J. Smith, John H. Harrison, members of the legislative committee and others who worked for the passage cf the bill authorizing an appropriation for the support of the school. The opening session of the convention was held on Thursday afternoon and im- mediately after the invocation. President Harry E. Bell, White Hall Register-Republican, gave the annual president's address which follows: "Ladies and Gentlemen — Members of the Illinois Press Association — Friends: In addressing you this afternoon I am fully aware of the important position and responsi- bility as president of the Illinois Press Association, an organization comprising in its membership hundreds of men and women of the brightest minds, keenest intellects and biggest hearts of any organization in the state — barring none — and never until now have I so sincerely prayed for the gift of eloquence and power to express my best thoughts. "I wish first of all, to thank you for conferring upon me one year ago, the honor of serving as president or chairman of this great organization. Very little have I been able to give you in the way of advice or constructive work for its benefit, but you have fortunately been blessed with one of the ablest and most indefatigable secretaries in the person of H. L. Williamson, of any similar organization in any state in the union; and furthermore, your president, secretary and other officers would have been able to accomp- lish but very little, if anything, along legislative or constructive work, had it not been 256 It uncus Niwsi'apir Dirk tory and History for the splendid and untiring work of your Executive and Legislative committees, each of which deserves a rising vote of thanks. Nor would I forget to thank our very efficient Field Secretary, John L. Eyrse, as well as every officer and members of the various stand- ing committees, and scores of the rank and file of the membership. "Never, in my more than twenty-six years of continuous membership in this asso- ciation, have I seen such a splendid spirit of co-operation and fellowship as exists today, and I sincerely hope nothing will ever happen that will in the least dim or retard that splendid feeling, but that it may grow warmer, brighter and better with each coming year. "Personally, I am indebted to each and every one of you. Your pleasant smiles, hearty handshakes and cheery words of greeting, at least twice a year, when we meet in these splendid conventions, are worth more times to me, the annual dues, the time, effort and expense necessary for these get-together meetings. If we get but little or nothing from the many splendid and able papers, discussions, suggestions, 'shop talk,' etc., the renewal of acquaintances and the formation of new friendships are certainly worth while. All of you, no doubt, are very busy and some of you probably think you can't afford the time and expense necessary to attend these annual or semi-annual meetings, but I surmise, you like myself and others, when you once get the habit of occasionally laying aside home and office cares and worries, and get into your automobile with members of your family, or with friends and occasionallv with some of your office force, and drive over miles and miles of splendid Illinois concrete roads, that traverse beautiful stretches of country, pass through thriving villages and towns, and hustling, bustling cities, and occasionally meet an old friend or form a new acquaintance, and find that people gen- erally are 'just folks' after all — I say when you do this occasionally you find abundant opportunity of gaining new ideas, new and better material for your papers; in fact, you are broader and more sympathetic from every point, and in the long run are happier, more charitable, more contented, less grouchy than you would have been, had you stayed at home, chasing the almighty dollar, and imagining that every competitor is just like yourself — a price cutter, a sneak and .1 rascal. "Just such meetings as these broaden your vision, increase your respect for the other fellow, who has his trials and troubles just as you do. The old saying, 'Smile and the world smiles with you, but cry and you cry alone,' is just as true among newspaper folk as it is among any class of people. So I repeat, I am glad to be here, and I am mighty glad to see so many old time, honest-to-goodness, hard-working, clear thinking, clean living newspaper men and women, who are here to lend a helpful hand to bring about things that will in a small measure straighten out this selfish, jazz-crazy, booze-tighting, law-breaking, ungrateful and critical old world. If we newspaper fellows can't do it, God pity the rest of humanity. The preachers, the school teachers, the college professors, the lawyers and others have failed, and it's now up to the newspaper men and women to do the job, and let's do it. "I believe you will agree with me that there is something radically wrong with this old world. I am not a pessimist, but you know as well as I know that there is entirely too much disregard for law and law enforcement — in fact, too many laws, too much atten- tion paid to the frivolous and worse than useless affairs of life, too much greed, too much ingratitude, too little attention paid to the marriage vow and the sanctity of the home; not enough regard for our officers and those in official authority. No wonder Com- munism and Bolshevism are spreading like wild-fire in some sections of our country, when we stop to think of some of the men and women elected to official positions or hold positions of trust and fidelity in many private places. Not many, but a few, I am Illinois Newspaper Directory and History sorry to say, of our so-called leading and prominent newspaper editorial writers are lend- ing encouragement, if not aiding and abetting disregard for certain laws that is causing our courts to become cluttered, and if not soon stopped, will undermine our government. "It's high time that some well-defined and concerted action for obedience to and enforcement of law be made, and I know of no organization in the state better than the Illinois Press Association, and no body of men and women better than those of the news- paper fraternity to take the lead and set the example, as by our concerted efforts and action we can be of great power and force with the law abiding and law enforcing organizations, to bring about the desired effect. "I was certainly pleased when the legislature passed, and the governor signed the bill appropriating $30,000 for the biennum for the establishment and maintenance of a School of Journa'ism at the great University of Illinois in this beautiful Champaign- Urbana. I feel quite sure that in a very short time it will be well established in fact, and that it will be a real, practical and efficient course of training in life's vocation that is second to none, not excepting the ministry or the school room, as the real editor and publisher has within his power to preach and teach weekly or daily a far greater clientele than any preacher or teacher." A special meeting of Illinois members of the Associated Press was held on the open- ing day at which praise for its service was voiced by the Illinois Associated Press editors. There was especial commendation for the organization's national feature service, its state mail, and the improvements in the state wire news matter, At the time of the meeting A. P. automatic printers had been installed and were ready to start the transmission of news to member papers. Printers were turned on the following Sunday afternoon for the morning papers, and the following Monday for evening papers. S. Leigh Call, editor of the Illinois State Journal, Springfield, and president of the Association of Illinois Associated Press Editors, opened the meeting with a tribute to the Associated Press. He asked Edgar T. Cutter, Chicago, superintendent of the Central division of the Associated Press, to tell the editors, what they wanted most to know, "information about the printers." Then followed a period of questions and answers. Various members expressed satisfaction and pleasure at the regular service of the year. The meeting was so tranquil that several members said it didn't seem like an Illinois A. P. meeting. Particular praise was given the state supplemental service, sent to the papers by mail. This service was instituted by Superintendent Cutter several years ago, and has grown steadily in value and favor with the members. Mr. Cutter advised the editors that the Illinois service was entering upon a year of greater endeavor. He said that two new bureaus had been installed, one at Urbana, with L. S. Kimball as correspondent, and another at Centralia, with Giles L. Findley, formerly of the Springfield office, as correspondent. He also told of the improvement of the Springfield bureau, which has been given increased space and admirably situated new quarters on the second floor of the Illinois State Register building, by Thomas Rees, publisher of the Register. Editors commented individually on the General Feature service, received from the New York office by mail. Especial comment was made on the new Radio page included in the features. Besides President Call, officers re-elected were Paul B. Cousley, Alton Telegraph, vice-president, and Aubrey Cribb, correspondent at Springfield, secretary and treasurer. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History E. L. Bogart, professor of economics at the University of Illinois spoke on "The Economist Looks Behind the Scene." Frank Collins, of the Areola Record-Herald, spoke on "Labor Saving in a Print Shop"; and ^'. W. Loomis, LaGrange Citizen, on "Getting Right Prices For Your Product." The Past Presidents' Dinner was the event Thursday evening. It was held at the Southern Tea Room from six to seven thirty o'clock. Thomas Rees, Illinois State Reg- ister, presided. A list of the past presidents then living and the years in which they served in as president was read. It included the following: John K. LeBaron, 1887-1888, 182 Broadway, Yonkers, New York; Owen Scott, 1889-1890, Bloomington Bulletin; Thomas Rees, 1891-1892, Springfield; C. M. Tinney, 1896-1898, Virginia Gazette; Charles Boeschenstein, 1898-1899, Edwardsville Intelli- gencer; M. F. Walsh, 1899-1900, Harvard Herald and Independent; Charles W. Bliss, 1902-1903, Hillsboro Montgomery News; Charles Bradshaw, 1903-1904, Carrollton Patriot; J. C. Adams, 1907-1908, Peotone Vedette; S. K. Strothers, Taylorville and Havana papers, now of Pittsfield; W. T. Bedford, 1909-1910, LaSalle Tribune; J. M. Sheets, 1910-1911, Oblong Oracle; Eugene L'Hote, 1911-1912, Milford Herald; J. M. Page, 1914-1915, Jerseyville Democrat; W. B. Davis, 1916-1917, Mt. Sterling Democrat- Message; H. U. Bailey, 1917-1918, Princeton Bureau County Republican; S. P. Preston, 1918-1919, Gillespie News; J. E. McClure, 1919-1920, Carlinville Democrat; Paul R. Goddard, 1920-1921, Washington Tazewell County Reporter; Benjamin B. Herbert, 1921-1922, National Printer Journalist, Chicago; Fred M. Rolens, 1922-1923, now of Los Angeles; John H. Harrison, 1923-1924, Danville Commercial News; Albert H. Gravenhorst, 1924-1925, Effingham Review; W. J. Smith, 1925-1926, Waukegan Sun; H. E. Bell, 1926-1927, White Hall Register-Republican. The editors stood one minute in silent meditation in tribute to J. B. Castle and Charles B. Warner. Letters were read from the absent — J. C. Adams, Benjamin Herbert, Owen Scott, W. B. Davis, J. K. LeBaron, Albert H. Gravenhorst. Charles W. Bliss was elected president of the Past Presidents' organization to succeed Senator Rees. S. P. Preston was elected vice-president and M. F. Walsh was elected secretary. Remarks were made by J. E. McClure, S. K. Strother, W. J. Smith, and H. F. Bell. At seven thirty an informal social hour was held at the Union building. Following this O. H. Runyan, of the Bradner Smith and Company, lectured on "The Forest in the Pressroom," showing moving pictures of modern methods used in making paper. On Friday morning a joint session was held until 10:15. H. L. Williamson gave the secretary's report. He recommended the establishment of a budget of $5,000 to provide funds for meeting expenses of the Illinois Press Association and cited similar budgets in existence in the New York and Pennsylvania press associations. He also advocated the employment of an attorney to represent the association in legal matters, especially those pertaining to legislative action which affects Illinois editors, and which arises during sessions of the state legislature. Following the secretary's report Edward Cary Hayes, professor of sociology at the University of Illinois, spoke on "The Press and the So-Called Public Mind." Josephine Turck Baker, editor of Correct English magazine, Evanston, spoke on "Improving English." During the conference A. L. Bowen, editorial writer on the Illinois State Journal, presided at a "Public Affairs Institute," given at a session of the daily papers. Speaking of this session, Mr. Bowen later said: "Editors and publishers of daily newspapers held one sectional session for the pur- pose of discussing several objects of special editorial interest to them. Dr. J. W. Garner. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History professor of political science of the University of Illinois, spoke on 'The Press and Inter- national Affairs.' His discussion was a masterly treatment of the subject. Sitting before a desk after the manner of a school teacher, Dr. Garner talked without notes or manuscript in a very pleasing style. He spoke of the growth of foreign news in the newspaper and explained how it has reached that position of importance that requires careful attention from every editor who wishes to give his patrons a complete picture of the world as it is. He pointed out the reasons that have conspired to make the actions of the people of every state in Europe of concern to the people of this country. The growing demand for foreign news by the reading public and the increase in space that newspapers are giving to it were emphasized by many concrete illustrations. Dr. Garner's brief dissertation was one of the finest things in the whole convention. "John A. Fairlie, professor of political science of the university, followed with a discussion of 'Political Problems of Illinois.' He confined himself to the state consti- tution, pointing out the difficulties that are encountered, whenever an effort is made to amend it. Various changes that should be made in state government cannot b? made, he explained, unless the constitution is amended and this it appears, through experience, to be almost impossible. He centered his remarks about reform in taxation and reap- portionment. His conclusion was that the way out of our difficulties in state govern- ment lies through a new constitutional convention. He urged that the general assemblv of 1929 submit to the people the question, shall a constitutional convention be called to meet in 1930 or in 1931? He thought that it is not too early to begin the agitation. If a convention is called, he recommended that its work be submitted to the people by sections or by subjects, so that the voters will have opportunity to reject some items without condemning the whole draft. He expressed the opinion that had this been done in 1922, a large part of the constitution of the convention of that year would have been approved by the people. But when it was up to the voters to accept or reject it as a whole, those who opposed various sections were able to concentrate and combine and thereby to condemn it as a whole. "As a result of Dr. Fairlie's remarks, the Illinois Press Association adopted a resolu- tion approving the idea of a new constitutional convention and the submission of the new constitution by section or subjects, as he had suggested." At the Friday session of weekly papers Fred Keister, editor of the prize winning Ionia County News, Ionia, Michigan, spoke on "Small Town Papers, Making Them Readable." Herman Roe, past president of the National Editorial Association, spoke on "Small Town Papers, Making Them Profitable." A special program was held in honor of the inauguration of the school of journalism. The first speaker was Frank W. Scott, founder and early director of courses in journalism at the University of Illinois, and later editor-in-chief of the D. C. Heath Publishing Company, New York. He was introduced as the "father" of the Illinois school. His remarks were, in part, as follows: Scott's Remarks at School Program "It is rather unexpected to have the charge of paternalism brought against me, but I am delighted to have the opportunity to be here again. I am especially delighted to be here at the time because now the work in journalism, carried on for twenty-four years, has been recognized by the university to result in the establishment of a school and to afford the opportunity for the fullest and freest development of the work. "This occasion and the establishment of the school under such favorable auspices mark a change in the last score or more of years. I recall a state press convention ten or 260 Illinois \'i wspaper Dirlctory and History twelve years ago, the first time that the state press met here. When the proposition was put to the committee to have the meeting at the university, it met with pretty chilly opposition. "That meeting compared with this one, was like a cold, chilly rain compared with the bright sunshine of today. The university was looked upon as somewhat of a meddler. It could train people for other jobs rather than the newspaper job. "The journalism work began here in 1902 with one course in news writing. I took charge in 1903 when there were courses in reporting, copy reading and editorial writing. It was not until 1917 that the advertising or business aspects got any attention. It was gratifying to note that no step forward came except what had earned the previous appre- ciation of newspapers of the state. "This work has now been elevated into a school, which is larger than a department and offers a four-year curriculum leading to a bachelor's degree. "The organizing of the school may seem like a crowning achievement but to me it seems like the first step in a tremendous job. You've started something. I know you"ll stay with it until it's finished. "The first school of journalism was suggested after the Civil War by Robert E. Lee, at the University of Virginia. He had a vision of the same organization we have today. "Twenty years ago ideas began to take form, feeling their way, while indifference or passive resistance was gradually overcome; the active resistance of academic men was also overcome, until now it is almost respectable to be a member of a school of journalism faculty. Both newspaper men and teachers were finally convinced that there was a job to be done; how to do it is still being worked out. "It is the job of a school of journalism to lay the adequate basis of a general educa- tion, to supply special editorial, business and manufacturing details, and to imbue stu- dents with the meaning of journalism as a social force. "I believe in that part of instruction which comes from the study of history, polit- ical science and those studies having to do with the history of man. The journalism student is a recorder and interpreter of society more variously and more completely than any other man. How does history bear on our institutions of today? If he is a valuable journalist he'll see it sooner and more clearly than any one else; his work is to interpret the world to his readers. He should know when a pseudo science is spoofing the public. "The problem was never so hard as now — basic ideas have never been so unsettled — the emotions and will have never been so hard to interpret, catch or influence. We are threatened with impairment of political, religious and personal liberty. Is democracy a failure? Look at the fate of the Italian press, What is the matter? Try to oppose fascism and see. Look at journalism and journalists in Russia. Too many think free discussion is dangerous. "We have gone on the opinion that the public has been informed through the news- papers. There is now a widespread and serious doubt of this. The matter of the forming of public opinion through the news is an appalling and vital one. "Before closing I want to give you the specific dangers which are threatening free expression: "1. The organizing of the publicity agent — making it more difficult to get at the source of news. Through his interference a newspaper can now get only second or third hand news, instead of first hand; the paper is just as poorly equipped as the reader. "2. The tendency toward the single newspaper town. This is all right, it's good business, but the question should be taken into account, is my community getting news Illinois Newspaper Directory and History from only one source? Where are you going to get controversy and debate? Your paper will get into a rut. Apathy is worse for a community than for a newspaper." Verne Joy, Centralia Sentinel, gave a talk on "The State Press and the School of Journalism." He said in part: Verne Joy Speaks for the Press "To arrive at what is best for an Illinois school of journalism in the way of instruc- tion is it not first necessary to find out what is the demand to be filled? What are we going to do with the graduates, and where will they find their chosen work? "If we can, theoretically, locate them even by percentages, we will have narrowed the inquiry down somewhat. Obviously, one out of a thousand only can be a B.L.T., or one out of ten thousand an Irvin Cobb. Then is it not better frankly to train, mass pro- duction if you please, for the fields where the greatest number of positions are open, and where the greatest opportunity for employment — and, better still, for the ownership of a newspaper of one's own, humble though it may be? This is a worthy aspiration, I take it, if for no other reason than that the great majority of men holding down those star positions in the metropolitan press are said to long for the time they might tear them- selves away from the false gods of Broadway and own a little daily or weekly themselves, just as the most of us here today are happy to own. "Please do not assume that I am of the opinion that the sum total of success is exemplified by us who are present at this press association meeting, for I have no such notion. I am quite sure these embryonic newspapermen — or journalists if that pleases the vanity more — will, and should be, far greater successes in the fields that we occupy than are we. If they were not then this new school starting with such high hopes, and unani- mous support and encouragement from the state press, will not justify its existence, nor the state appropriation Sam Preston and a few other stalwart members of this association, pushed through. And this brings me to my point. "I believe that this new school should train the students to meet the needs and con- ditions they will meet in the small daily and weekly field. Let those whose aspirations, or abilities, go higher take their post graduate work and begin to specialize in the great insti- tution, or some other, on the particular phase of work they are most ambitious for in the many divergent routes there are in the newspaper, magazine and publishing business. "When these students leave here with their degrees they should feel a bit at home in any of our offices. If they can get by in our shops they will be doubly welcomed in Chicago, or the great offices, for the most of those already there originally came from the 'brush.' "Am I approximately correct in assuming that only one out of four of these grad- uates-to-be could find a position open in the largest newspapers, or even the newspapers published in the one and two hundred thousand cities of the country? If I am, then that answers, it seems to me, a very important query, for the graduate to succeed in the smaller fields must of necessity have a much broader and more practical training than the city employed graduate if he is to warrant the smaller plant giving him employment. And if he cannot find employment soon after he is graduated has not our school failed, or misled him? "By 'broader and more general' training I mean that he should be familiar with what becomes of his copy, when it goes 'upstairs' or 'downstairs,' after he turns it out. He should know something of the mechanical process, and certainly its limitations and pos- sibilities. I maintain that even a good reporter should know that the mails must be made on time — and a bit of how they are made; that he should know that fifteen letters 262 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History seventy-two point extended will not go in a twelve em slug when he sees them. That does NOT mean that he must know the case, that he must be able to operate a linotype, or thread up for a fourteen page run. I am not talking of extremes. But I am talking of practical knowledge whether they be editorial or advertising, get to the public — and on time. The less his or her employer has to extend his patience the better chance the graduate has of becoming a permanent attachment to the pay-roll. "The state press is not expecting the impossible. We quite well realize that 'com- mencement exercises' are well named. We do not expect our graduates to close their education after four or five years here. We quite well know there are limitations in school work, things which must be left to be polished off in the school of experience, but my plea is, at least, that our school of journalism parallel as much as possible in actual labor- atory work the courses in chemistry, agriculture, or engineering. "I am quite sure the theory, the ideals, the fundamental educational background our students will get here, and get well. I am hoping the school may even make spellers of our high school graduates, and I do hope, somewhere along the route, the graduate will at least be given a hint that a few of us older editor-manager-publisher chaps are not quite ready to resign the chair when they crash in waving even a diploma from the school of journalism of the University of Illinois — and tell them gently, but firmly, that the entrance is at the side for the graduates; but also at the rear for non-graduates." The Director of the Illinois School of Journalism, Lawrence W. Murphy, spoke on the program of the school and the work which had been accomplished. At the time there were 20 seniors, 3 5 juniors, 75 sophomores, and 120 freshmen enrolled. Telegrams and letters of congratulations on the opening of the school were read. They included the following: E. Lansing Ray, editor of the St. Louis Globe Democrat; "The School of Journalism of the University of Illinois is attaining a high place in the ranks of such institutions and the opening of the new school should give a strong impetus to large and valuable accom- plishment in this important field of education. Accept my congratulations upon what has been done and my best wishes for ever increasing service to journalism." J. C. Futrall, president of the University of Arkansas; "The University of Arkansas desires to extend to the University of Illinois its greetings and congratulations on the opening of the new School of Journalism, which is to be celebrated at the annual con- vention of the Illinois Press Association, October 13, 14, 15, 1927." S. A. Oakley, editor of the Peoria Star; "Permit me to congratulate the Illinois Press Association for its very worthy activity in connection with the new School of Journalism at the University of Illinois. The new school should do much toward raising the standards of journalism in our state and I am sure that the press of Illinois will be ready and willing to give it every possible assistance." Julian S. Mason, editor of the New York Evening Post; "As one who was born in Illinois and knows well the great university at Urbana, it gives me great pleasure to offer my felicitations upon the opening of the new School of Journalism. "I have great faith in these schools. They raise the level of both ethics and technique, something that all newspapers, either in a big town or a small town, need alike." W. D. Scott, president of Northwestern University; "We are very much interested in the opening of your new School of Journalism. A new epoch should be created in Journalism in America and I have great confidence in the Schools of Journalism as the effective agencies in bringing this about." George Morris, vice-president of the Memphis Commercial Appeal; "The opening of your school of journalism should prove a valuable asset to the craft. Newspapers are progressing rapidly in their mechanical departments. There is more efficiency and a 263 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History higher standard than formerly among advertising solicitors. I do not believe the news departments are as good as they were. There is less personality in the average story than before. If schools of journalism can correct this fault they will render an invaluable service." B. F. Lawrence, general manager of the Indianapolis Star: "Hearty greetings to the new School of Journalism. It will bring even greater renown to the University of Illinois. This is the day of the specialist and the man or woman who wishes to be success- ful in the field of journalism must be as thoroughly trained as the doctor, lawyer, or any other professional person." Robert W. Bingham, editor and publisher of the Louisville Courier- Journal: "The opening of this School of Journalism is an event of real significance and importance, and I think it is highly fitting that it should be so recognized and treated by the Illinois Press Association. The profession of journalism surely should rank with the other great professions, and facilities for acquiring its principles and practices should be made equal to those for preparation for the other great professions. "I trust the new School may rank with the other departments of the great Uni- versity of which it now becomes a part." William L. Bryan, president of Indiana University: "The essential condition for a professional school within a University is that it shall be guided by the highest ideals and actual achievements of that profession anywhere in the world. With best wishes for the School of Journalism of the University of Illinois." Marshall Ballard, editor of the New Orleans Morning Tribune: "Will you please convey my congratulations and best wishes to your colleagues in the Illinois Press Asso- ciation and in the new school of journalism on the event of this month? I wish I might be with you to assist at the opening of the school. My best wishes for its success." Thomas F. Kane, president of the University of North Dakota: "Our people here at the University of North Dakota, and particularly the people nearest to our work in Journalism, have learned with much interest of a special place on the program of the Illinois Press Association, honoring your University school of journalism. In spirit, every- body in the University joins me in a message of congratulations and goodwill .... "I am glad to see the University of Illinois, one of our very strongest state univer- sities, give this recognition to the work in Journalism. The newspaper is our greatest educator. The results of the newspaper's work will be determined, as in all other fields, in a large measure by the equipment that the men get for taking up their work." R. C. Brown, acting director of the school of journalism at Columbia University: "The Columbia School of Journalism sends greetings to the School of Journalism at the University of Illinois, and hopes that it may have a career of great usefulness in the service of aspiring journalists and also serve the nation by making better journalists that will make better papers. Highly trained and conscientious journalists are more and more essential to democratic government." Eric W. Allen, Dean of School of Journalism, University of Oregon: "Illinois Press Association, congratulations on success of your farsighted public spirited campaign for establishment of high grade school of journalism at your great State University and best wishes to the new school. May it become a powerful influence for better journalism and wise and honest leadership of public opinion throughout the widdle west." L. N. Flint, president of American Association of Schools and Departments of Journalism: "The announcement that Illinois now has a school of journalism bears encouragement to all teachers of journalism in the Colleges and Universities of the country. We rejoice in your advancement. We are proud of you and your school." 264 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Willard G. Bleyer, director of school of journalism, University of Wisconsin: "The Regents and the faculty of the University of Illinois are to be congratulated upon their prompt action in responding to the request of the Illinois Press Association for the establishment of a School of Journalism. "To my mind a state university can perform no more useful service to its com- monwealth than to train young men and women to furnish through the press complete and accurate reports of the news, as the food of opinion, as well as intelligent comment on current events and issues. "The Illinois Press Association, the University of Illinois, and you, as director, are to be congratulated upon the establishment of your new School of Journalism." Glenn Griswold, editor of the Chicago Journal of Commerce: "I want to con- gratulate the university upon having undertaken so important a work. "The old-fashioned idea that one could learn to be a reporter only in the local room of a newspaper, was and is sound, just as it is true that one can learn to be a dentist, or a physician, only by interneship and actual practice. It just happens that the mistakes cub reporters make in their early experiences are not usually so costly as those one would make in learning to be a surgeon solely by practicing surgery. "No school of journalism can make a reporter, but such schools can make it a lot easier for him to get a job, and a lot easier for him to learn that which he may learn only from experience. "I am sure the University of Illinois will undertake to prepare men for journalism rather than to make journalists out of them." Charles D. Byrne, head of department of journalism at South Dakota State College: "In behalf of this institution and our department, I want to extend greetings to the new School of Journalism at the University of Illinois. "Your institution has always been a leader in all lines of educational endeavor and I am sure the establishment of a school of journalism will mark an important era in the journalistic efforts of Illinois. Journalism has come to be one of the leading pro- fessions, and as such it requires trained leadership which I am sure a school of journalism at your institution can supply." Stuart H. Perry, editor, Adrian, Michigan, Telegram: "Please accept my congratu- lations to the university and cordial greetings to the Illinois Press Association on the opening of the new school of journalism. The increasing success in teaching journalism not only is important from a practical standpoint but augurs well for the future standard of the profession. In this work I am sure Illinois will play an important part." Frank L. Martin, acting dean of school of journalism of the University of Missouri: "Missouri school of journalism congratulates Illinois Press Association and University of Illinois upon inauguration of its school of journalism. We send cordial greetings to the press and school of our neighbor state and express confidence in its future large contri- bution to higher and better journalism." Edwin E. Bemis, field manager of Colorado Editorial Association; "Greetings and best wishes for successful convention from Colorado Editorial Association." L.E.Nicholson, president of the New Orleans Times-Picayune Publishing Company; "Please accept my heartiest congratulations upon the occasion of the opening of the new School of Journalism at the University of Illinois. "Even if the young men and women who take advantage of the courses offered at the school never actually enter the journalistic field, a great deal of good will have been accomplished by the fact that they will have a sympathetic understanding of publishing a newspaper, one of the most potent educational factors in life today." Illinois Newspaper Directory and History H. V. Jones, editor Minneapolis Journal; "The great need in newspaper work today is for experienced and dependable workers. I am glad to note that the University of Illinois is undertaking the important task of giving young men and women who are inclined toward journalism as a life work opportunity to acquire the essential technical equipment. Experience must later be sought, of course, in actual employment, but a well planned and well manned school of journalism, such as that you are now launching, can furnish the groundwork for such fruitful experience. "You do not expect to turn out finished journalists, I am sure, but you can and will provide something far better than the raw material from which newspapers have too often been obliged to train alert and skillful newspaper workers. In discharging that useful function you will be doing both your students and the newspaper world a great service." The Kansas City Star: "Schools of journalism are helping raise the standard of news- paper theory and practice throughout the country. It is therefore highly appropriate that the Illinois Press Association should observe the opening of the new school of the University of Illinois. The Kansas City Star joins in best wishes for the growth and effectiveness of this valuable adjunct to the journalism of Illinois and the nation." A. T. Burrows, editor of the Urbana Courier; "The Courier is delighted to know that the new School of Journalism fostered by the Illinois Press Association is about to become a reality. That it will contribute materially to better newspapers in Illinois and the country is the expectation and belief of every editor. We shall watch it grow with the deepest interest." E. M. Johnson, director department of journalism, University of Minnesota: "Con- gratulations on the new School of Journalism. May it continue to render increasing service to the press of the state as did the old department." H. J. Grimm, business manager of the Galena, Illinois, Gazette: "We wish to extend our greetings at this time and hope that you have the best of luck and prosperity in your new school of journalism." J. S. Myers, director of School of Journalism at Ohio State University: "As one new School of Journalism to another Ohio State sends its heartiest congratulations and best wishes to Illinois. "We who are teaching courses in journalism feel our responsibilities increasing with the widening opportunities. The organization of the school as a new entity in education means much or little according as we teachers make use of it for increasing usefulness in helping to train men for what should be one of the greatest vocations in the world." R. B. House, executive secretary of the University of North Carolina: "The Univer- sity of North Carolina notes with great delight and interest the opening of the new School of Journalism at the University of Illinois. Believing sincerely in the purposes and possibilities of such a school and having for some years maintained a Department of Journalism at the University of North Carolina, we offer our heartiest congratulations and sincere good wishes for your undertaking." E. H. Lindley, Chancellor, University of Kansas: "The University of Kansas sends most cordial greeting to the new School of Journalism of the University of Illinois. "One could wish no better fortune for the new school than its influence may become as wide and deep as that of the great University of which it is a constituent part." P. D. Alder, editor and publisher of the Kewanee Star-Courier: "The state of Illinois and the newspaper fraternity in particular cannot help but hail the opening of the school of journalism at the University of Illinois as an event of surpassing importance. It not alone places Illinois in the ranks of Universities which maintain schools and colleges of journalism but also will provide an educational training school and experimental plant 266 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History for newspaper workers and apprentices throughout the state. It is our sincere hope that with the facilities of the Daily Illini, the new school of journalism at Illinois will take its place with the older institutions at Missouri and Columbia." M. Lyle Spencer, president of the University of Washington and former dean of the Washington School of Journalism: "May I extend to you my heartiest congratulations on the opening of your new School of Journalism and the meeting of the Illinois Press Asso- ciation. Having heard of the aggressiveness and progressiveness of the Illinois editors, I know you will have a profitable and inspirational session." A. C. Waldrop, acting head of the department of journalism at the University of Colorado: "The University of Colorado Department of Journalism congratulates you and the University of Illinois on the opening of your new school. Our department has followed with interest the progress of your school and is glad to see its material expan- sion. With the constant growth in our own department we hope that at some time we may have one of your graduates as an instructor here." A. Jessup, president of the University of Iowa: "I wish to take this opportunity to congratulate you on the opening of the new school of Journalism at the University of Illinois. "With best wishes for the success of the school." P. I. Reed, head of the department of journalism at the University of West Virginia: "The department of Journalism of West Virginia University congratulates you on your new School of Journalism. Having recently instituted an independent division of jour- nalism here we . . . can join with you in looking most hopefully to the future. I am sure the Illinois Press Association is proud of the new School and will help make it one of the best in the country." C. W. Duke, Sunday magazine editor of the Philadelphia Public Ledger: "Good luck to you all on the opening of the new School of Journalism at the University of Illinois. "Give us less 'fine writing' and more story telling; less self-expression and more narration. 'What Have You?' is the best slogan I know of for a newspaperman. In brief, have a story to tell, and then tell it." D. W. Grandon, editor Sterling (Illinois) Gazette: "I had the honor of being one of the committee who called on President Kinley and his cabinet urging the establishment of the new School of Journalism. That it should now be an accomplished fact within a year is a matter of great congratulation not only to President Kinley but the Universitv of Illinois as a whole. As one who came up from the ranks without the advantages of any kind of special education for the business of newspaper making, I wish to extend sincere congratulations to the young men and women of Illinois on the opportunity they now have to prepare themselves properly for the splendid service to the public that can best be rendered in my judgment through the progressive ideals of the weekly and daily news- papers of the state. . ." C. Schaefer, Secretary to Mr. Harrington of the Medill School of Journalism: "May I send for Mr. Harrington his good wishes on the opening of the new school of jour- nalism. Under the leadership of its capable director it cannot fail to be an important factor in the direction of the new journalism. The Medill School of Journalism sends its warm congratulations to you." F. E. Bump, acting head of the department of journalism at the University of North Dakota: "We, here in the Department of Journalism at the University of North Dakota, send to you and your associates our sincere wishes for complete success in a field which is becoming more vital and important as time goes on." 267 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History A. B. Dinwiddie, president of Tulane University: "Tulane University congratulates the University of Illinois on the opening of its new School of Journalism and wishes for the school an immediate and permanent success." J. O. Simmons, department of journalism at Syracuse University: "Congratulations upon the opening of the new School of Journalism at the University of Illinois. "It is especially noteworthy that the Illinois Press Association is showing its interest in university education in Journalism by holding its convention at the same time as the opening of the school is being observed. It is a splendid sight to see the press associations cooperating with the universities in increasing numbers. It is happening with us in New York. i _■, , j "Education for the important field of Journalism will be on a much stronger basis in the future wherever the press association and the university combine forces. Best wishes for success." Following this V. Y. Dallman of the Illinois State Register delivered a tribute to Henry Wilson Clendenin, late senior editor of the Register; the late J. V. Riley of the Rockford Morning Star was honored in the same manner by Lieutenant Governor Ster- ling. The death of Judge Burr Swan of the Pike County Republican was announced. Robert R. Aurner, professor of advertising at the University of Wisconsin, then spoke on "Tiding Over the Dull Periods." This was followed by "How to Get the Non- Advertisers to Advertise," by Homer B. Clemmons. The Honorable Fred E. Sterling was toastmaster at the banquet session held in the Urbana-Lincoln hotel, Friday evening. The delegates were greeted by David Kinley, president of the University, who expressed his appreciation of the fact that the School of Journalism project had the support of the editors. He told them that the University and newspapers stand for the same thing, "to find the truth, pursue it to the limit, and tell it freely without partisanship." Referring to the newly established school of journalism he said: "It is our part now so to manage the school as to gratify the ambitions that you have for it by setting the high standards that we all believe in and making this the leading school of journalism in the country." Henry T. Claus, editor of the Boston Transcript, talked on "Growing Tendencies of Growing Newspapers." Developing his subject, "Illinois," Governor Len Small told members of the press that the state would surpass all others in wealth and population when all of the projects for public improvements that are now being contemplated are completed. Ambrose Wyrick, tenor, of Chicago, was last on the program, speaking on "Music and Its Relations to Business." He made the subject so interesting that his hearers urged him to continue whenever he threatened to stop. Miss Lucille Smiley, Peoria, sang two numbers. Music for dancing, after the banquet, was furnished by special orchestra. About two hundred were present at the dinner. J. M. Sheets, Oblong Oracle, presented Governor Small, Lieutenant Governor Ster- ling, and S. P. Preston with watches in token of appreciation for the work they have done in behalf of the press association. The watches were the gifts of the association. John Henry Nash, artist printer of San Francisco, was first on the Saturday morning program, speaking on "The Revival of Printing." His address and exhibits were excellent and it was with regret that he was allowed to depart after talking for an hour. Richard J. Finnegan, co-editor of the Chicago Journal, spoke on "Shall We Enforce the Law and How?" with particular reference to the influence of the press on law en- forcements. 26S Illinois Newspaper Directory and History The legislative committee presented the following resolutions: First: That we favor the calling of a state convention to draft a new convention or to propose amendments to the present constitution which will permit the solution of economic, political and social problems which are recognized on all sides as critical. We recommend to the general assembly of 1929 that it submit to the people at the next following general election, the question: Shall a constitutional convention be called to meet in 1930 or 193 1? Second: We believe that the draft of a new constitution should be submitted to the people in sections or by subjects, so that the people may choose what they wish and reject what they do not wish to be incorporated in their basic law. Third: We recommend to the people of Illinois that they consider with favor the needs of the Illinois soft coal industry and that they purchase their fuel for industrial and domestic uses from Illinois operators and miners. This industry is passing through a severe crisis, precipitated and prolonged in large part by by the competition of coal from other states. The general prosperity will be materially enhanced by the adoption of the policy, "Illinois coal for Illinois consumption." Fourth: We extend to the University of Illinois our cordial thanks for its assistance in making this meeting a success. We wish to include all members of the faculty from President Kinley down, who have joined so heartily in giving this association support in all its worthy enterprises. Fifth: This association has been gratified by the action of the authorities of the Uni- ve^itv of Illinois in consulting its officers and committees respecting the organization an! the courses of study of the new School of Journalism. We pledge our co-operation with the University trustees and faculty in working out courses and building up this School of Journalism to a position in which it shall be respected throughout the country as fi -st in its field. Sixth: We congratulate our president, Harry Bell, upon his impartial and happy ad- ministration of the association during the year just closed and assure him of our enjoy- ment of his service as presiding officer. Seventh: This association is deeply indebted to the Illinois general assembly of 1927 for the enactment of laws which go a long way toward doing justice to the printing and publishing business, by insuring it rates for official business, that more nearly approxi- mate those paid by private business for similar work and service. Our pleas for right were heeded by legislators of both parties. This association, therefore wishes to place on record this statement of its genuine appreciation of the consideration it and its members received from the legislature of 1927. The resolutions were signed by M. F. Walsh, John H. Harrison, S. P. Preston, R. W. Jones, and S. Leigh Call. H. U. Bailey gave a short review of the course of journalism bills through the legis- lature. W. J. Smith expressed his appreciation for the work of the late Representative William Weiss, Waukegan. It was suggested that Mr. Eyrse's report as field secretary be printed and sent out to all members. The report follows: "First, we might say, in our work is to find the difficulties, if any, of the publisher or printer, and if possible suggest some way to meet and surmount them. Second, bring to him some new ideas of conducting business which might be coupled with his own and make better business methods. These ideas may be original or taken from some other publisher or printer. Third, discuss with him the cost of production, both in the news- paper and the printing field, with the idea in mind that if he is able to secure the prices 269 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History for his service he is entitled to them and if not, why not? In some cases I find our pub- lishers have not informed themselves as to what some prices should be. I have found some printers who are also publishers who have figured costs on production for years and once in a while some who cannot even start to figure costs. Fourth, in our work we talk co-operation with the other printers and publishers of the city or county, and then comes the crowning feature of the whole situation, organization. Without organization coupled with co-operation in the several localities, the printing business is difficult, but with these two things it becomes an easy and more profitable matter. "In my rounds over the state I have come across publishers and printers who were only too glad to give me one or two hours or even more time, from their busy day, to discuss their difficulties and problems as well as the cost of production, but after all it would be hard for them to put into practice some of these things discussed without the other publishers and printers co-operating with them to do so. Very seldom did we find a publisher or printer who did not favor a county or city organization, but the difficulty generally was found to be the unbelief in the other publisher or printer. In many places reports were made like this — 'We had a good county organization at one time and then "so and so" took advantage of us and cut the price and since that time we have had no organization.' No doubt that just such a thing happened, but the difficulty in the organization was the failure to call that publisher or printer into account as to the reason for price cutting. In one instance I could tell you about, in which it appeared there was a cutting in price made by a certain printer, it was found on investigation that his price was fully up to standard and any printer in the county would have been glad to have handled the job at his figures when the transaction was understood. Too many times we have little misunderstandings and in place of getting together and clearing up that mis- understanding we pile one upon another until we have a mountain out of a molehill. Getting together is organization and co-operation. "One of the things I found in visiting the several offices was the great sympathy some publishers had for the city, township or county in which they lived. Some pub- lishers were handling legal notices, financial reports, assessment lists and such things at half or less than the lawful price. A couple of publishers even took us to task for sponsoring bills in the legislature like the ones passed at the last session saying that we were a set of robbers getting exorbitant prices for publication. I wonder how many of these pub- lishers have had any reduction in their taxes either in city, township or county because they were such good fellows. I am also wondering how many other men working for the city, township or county presented their bill for service at half the established price? Many publishers and printers lose sight of the fact that it is not the cost of production just at the time of setting up but the lost time, that part of the business which can- not always be accounted for on paper. Statistics have proved to us that in the printing business we lose more than one-fourth of our time. Who is going to pay for that if it is not charged on the time of working? Organization and co-operation among the pub- lishers and printers would very suddenly change the fellow who is not getting the prices on these things he should to the fellow getting what is coming to him. "For fear that you might think that I have taken advantage of you to 'preach organ- ization and co-operation' I will give you some cold facts as to what I have done during the time I have served you as field secretary, which might be summed up as follows: "I have visited nearly five hundred and fifty newspaper and printing offices, about one hundred and twenty-five of which were printing offices alone. This has covered a territory of seventy-two counties and in all of these counties to the best of my know- ledge there are less than fifteen offices I have not visited. 270 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "On starting out in this work we tried to visit each office and form a county organization before leaving, but we found that this would take too much time so changed our plans to visit every office in the county, secure the co-operation of the pub- lishers and have them complete their county organization as soon as practical for them. In nearly every county so visited we have a county organization either made or in the making. Of course we must all realize the fact that it is impossible to have county or- ganizations without co-operation of the publishers. "In the visitation of the several offices I have secured for the association scores of warm friends who heretofore were only lukewarm or had no idea of the service of the Illinois Press Association. One man said to me after I had paid him my visit and was about ready to travel on to the next office, "What do I owe you for this service?' I said, 'You have been paying your dues to the Illinois Press Association and they are giving you this service, you owe me nothing.' This man, I found in my conversation with him, had kept up his press association dues but had no idea what the Illinois Press Association stood for or what it was doing. "I have called the attention of scores of publishers to the great work which has been accomplished by the Illinois Press Association and the work which is ahead of us to do if we want to go to the trouble of doing it, that of organization and co-operation." The Committee on Education reported that it had made progress on the professional certificate plan which it was preparing to put into operation. L. M. Wood read the report of the joint committee of the Illinois Press Association and the Southern Illinois Editorial Association on the proposed "Hall of Fame for Editors and Publishers of Illinois Newspapers": "At the April, 1927, meeting of the Southern Illinois Editorial Association, held at Granite City, L. M. Wood, Flora Journal-Record, proposed a 'Hall of Fame for Illinois Editors,' and his motion for the chair to appoint a committee of three to co-operate with a similar committee of the Illinois Press Association was carried. L. M. Wood, I. S. Dunn and B. J. Jarvis were appointed as the committee. "At the Illinois Press Association at Urbana, Friday October 14, President H. E. Bell appointed Gerry D. Scott, Wilson M. Smith, and Miss Clara Schmidt, as the committee from that association. "Friday afternoon the committee met in a joint session and adopted the following suggestive outline for the establishment of a 'Hall of Fame for Editors and Publishers of Illinois Newspapers:' "Any editor or publisher of an Illinois newspaper, who during his lifetime achieved state fame as an editor or publisher shall be eligible to the Hall of Fame. However, he or she shall not be elected to the place of honor until one year after his or her death. "2. The Hall of Fame shall be located at the School of Journalism of the Univer- sity of Illinois, Urbana. "3. A bust is hereby chosen to represent the honored deceased. The community in which deceased resided shall be requested to provide the bust. Should the com- munity refuse to provide the bust, the Illinois Press Association shall make other arrange- ments to finance the matter. "4. Any member of the Illinois Press Association or the Southern Illinois Editorial Association shall have the right and opportunity to propose a name for the Hall of Fame. "5. The number of names in the Hall of Fame shall not be limited. "6. The Illinois Press Association shall supervise the work of establishing and conducting the Hall of Fame. "7. Upon the adoption of the report, President Bell shall appoint four members of the Hall of Fame committee. Three of these shall be either editors or publishers 271 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History of a weekly or semi-weekly Illinois newspaper. One shall be selected from southern Illinois, comprising the territory from the Vandalia railroad south; the second from Central Illinois; the third from Northern Illinois territory; the fourth member shall be editor or publisher of an Illinois daily newspaper. One committee member shall serve for a term of four years, one for three years, one for two years, and one for one year, the length of terms to be decided by lot. The president of the Illinois Press Association shall be chairman of the committee. The association secretary shall be secretary of the committee. The director of the Illinois School of Journalism shall be a member of the committee. These seven members shall have a vote in selection of names for the Hall of Fame. "8. At the annual convention of the Illinois Press Association the duly appointed Nominating Committee shall present, in its report, the name of a member of the association to fill vacancy on the Hall of Fame committee, the selection to be approved by vote of the conventions. None of the four elective members shall serve for more than two consecutive terms. "9. All names proposed for the Hall of Fame must be filed with the state secre- tary at least thirty days before the Annual Convention. The Hall of Fame committee has full power and authority from the Illinois Press Association to designate who shall be in the Hall of Fame." The committee appointed by Mr. Bell consisted of L. M. Wood, Flora; Carroll Bush, Pittsfield; James Derringer, Bushnell, and A. L. Bowen, Springfield. Other mem- bers became such ex-officio. The necrology was read by J. E. McClure. This was followed by election of officers. W. W. Loomis, LaGrange Citizen, was unanimously elected president for the ensuing year. A. A. Raboin, Chatsworth Plaindealer, was elected first vice president; A. J. Ryan, Beecher City Journal, second vice president; Miss Clara Schmidt, Nashville Journal, third vice president; H. L. Williamson, Springfield, secretary; R. W. Jones, Johnston City, chaplain; Gerry D. Scott, Wyoming Post-Herald, treasurer. In the afternoon many of the delegates stayed over for the Ames-Illinois foot- ball game. THE SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM The year 1927 was a notable one in Association history. Among its achievements was the establishment of a Class A professional School of Journalism at the University of Illinois. The desire of the Association to have a school of its own at a university had, however, found expression early in the history of the organization. In the minds of its members the welfare of the profession and the strength of the state institution had been linked from early days. The university was established in 1867, two years after the organization of the Association. In its youth it was known as the Illinois Industrial University and it still carried this name when the Press Association came to the campus for its convention in 1883. Need Cited in 1883 At that time the entire university consisted of 400 students and 30 faculty members and occupied one building. Schools of Journalism were unknown. The Robert E. Lee "school" (1869-76) at Washington College (now Washington and Lee University) had closed its doors after Lee had died and his vision had been lost for the time. A department of printing had been started at Kansas State Agricultural College but it had Ii i inois Newspaper Directory and History little relation to the study of journalism. Further than this there had been no pretentious attempts to organize work hearing on publication practice in any of the institutions of higher learning. Occasional lectures by visiting editors were the nearest approach to journalistic instruction. With this situation in mind and with the knowledge that the country papers were giving their owners little time to theorize over the condition of their calling it is notable that the official spokesman of the press, President J. W. Clinton of the Polo Press related preparation for journalism to the work of the university in his convention address. His statement at that time sounds much like statements made forty years later which led to the founding of the Illinois School. "Every other profession has its schools," said Clinton. "Schools where its members are fitted for their duties. So important is this thought to be to protect the people and the members of these professions, that the dentist, the veterinary surgeon, druggist, doctor, lawyer, clergyman, and teachers must pass a successful examination, and each profession is thus protected by law from an in-pouring flood of ignorant and inexperi- enced practitioners." Clinton did not expect this statement to produce any immediate results though it was made at the university convention and sounded in the ears of the members while the memory of an address by Dr. Selina Hobart Peabody, regent (president) of the university, was fresh in their minds, and while impressions of an inspection trip through the one university building were still upon them. But it was such statements as this, made by Clinton and other members of the organization, that led to a gradual develop- ment of interest in meeting regularly at the university and in seeking the establishment of a school designed to meet the situation so well expressed by Clinton's remarks. First Class in 1902-03 The first step toward fulfillment of the professional school function was taken twenty years later on the recommendation of a member of the university faculty. It happened in this way: In 18 99 Thomas Arkle Clark, professor of English (later Dean of Men) at the university, went to Harvard to do graduate work. While there he made a comparison of the courses offered at Illinois and those of other "large universities." As a result of his survey he decided to initiate journalism instruction at Illinois.* Upon his return to teaching duty at the University of Illinois, after a year at Fiarvard, he projected a course which was known as Rhetoric and Oratory 10. This course was listed in the 1902-03 Register as follows: Rhetoric and Oratory 10. Business Writing. — Business correspondence, the making of summaries and abstracts, advertising, proofreading, and the preparation of manuscripts for the press. I; II; Tu. Th.; 4; (2). Professor Clark. This pioneer course, with its attention to preparation of manuscripts for publica- tion, and its advertising and proofreading, was something of an omnibus affair. And yet it differed little from the first courses offered in other universities. The Illinois venture was one of the first to be made by a large institution of learning. Unsatisfactory beginnings had been made some years before at Washington and Lee, Cornell, Yale, Harvard, and Kansas State. Michigan, Ohio State, Nebraska, and Missouri had made feeble gestures in the direction of journalistic instruction in the '90's but at the time Illinois began its work there was no successful course of study in journalism offered by •Professor Clark h->d been interested in journalism since his high school days. He had served an apprenticeship as a printer and had followed up the experience by serving in various capacities, from reporter to editor. 273 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History any institution. Wisconsin was formulating plans for its first class in newswriting, Missouri had just abandoned the lecture system and was weighing the proposed outline for a school which had been advanced by Walter Williams. Michigan was giving its student editors a chance to do a little work under the supervision of the editor of the university bulletins. Joseph Pulitzer had not yet made his offer of a million dollar foundation to Columbia — a gift that was not accepted for two years providing for a school that was not opened for ten (1902; 1904; 1912). Just as there was skepticism among some of the editors concerning the early courses in journalism so there was skepticism among the faculty members concerning the quality and the educational value of work offered under the title of journalism. Professor Clark's name was listed as instructor of the new course but he did not teach it due to other duties. He was then dean of undergraduates and assistant to the president, which made a change in his schedule necessary. The work fell, in turn, to Harry G. Paul, Thacher Howland Guild, and Frank W. Scott. Scott took charge of the course in 1904. He had been active in publication work in his undergraduate days, serving as editor of The Mini, co-editor of the Varsity Fort- nightly, and editor of the Illinois Magazine in his senior year.") - Scott's interest in the work in journalism led him to reorganize the class and to offer a second course in the publication field. At this time he also mapped out a four-year suggested program of studies for journalism students. This program was listed in the catalog for the first time in 1909-10. A distinct course in newspaper writing (Rhetoric and Oratory 12) was offered for the first time, in 1904-0 5 with Arthur Llewelyn Eno as instructor. It was described as follows: Rhetoric and Oratory 12. Newspaper Writing. — Problems in reporting and editorial work, with weekly assignments on actual cases. Lecture, with class discussion, on newspaper ethics, responsibility, aims and policy; with reference to past development and present tendencies. Mr. Eno (Arthur Llewelyn.) Scott's new course, Agricultural Journalism (Rhetoric 12a) was offered for the first time in 1906-07. It was listed as follows: Rhetoric 12. A course in the management of agricultural papers and agri- cultural columns of weeklies, and in preparation of material for the agricultural press. Mr. Scott and special lecturers. The following year (1907-08) found four courses in journalism open to the students. They were Newspaper Writing (Rhetoric 12); Extended Assignments (Rhetoric 15); Editing and Editorial Writing (Rhetoric 21); and Agricultural Jour- nalism (Rhetoric 12a). All of these were offered by Mr. Scott. The Illinois Press Association meeting on the campus in 1908 was polite though non-committal on the progress that was being made in the instruction in journalism. The members, schooled to a recognition of facts, felt that the work was as yet unrelated to the needs of their members. By 1915, when the Association again came to Urbana, the work had developed to a point which began to interest the members. Nine courses were being offered and t Later Scott became editor of the Alumni Record, the Alumni Quarterly, the University Catalog, the Alpha Tau Omega Palm, author of Newspapers and Periodicals of Illinois, several books in the field of English literature, and a contributor of stories and numerous articles to magazines and newspapers. He left the University in 1924 to become editor-in-chief of the D. C. Heath Company. Scott was the moving force for 20 years in the development of the work in journalism. From 1904-24 he was responsible for the courses in lournalism. The Illini Publishing Company, which publishes the D»i/v Ulini, was under his direction during the years in which it grew to be the largest student publishing company in the world. 274 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Harry Franklin Harrington^ (later Director of the Medill School of Journalism) had been added to the staff and placed in charge of the instruction. The Association invited Scott, who was then at the head of the department of English, to talk on "Journalism Instruction at Illinois." Development of the courses was delayed by the World War and it was not until 1922 that students were permitted to make journalism their major study. At that time eleven courses were offered and a major was authorized which required a student to take ten hours' work in journalism and ten in literature as part of his requirement for a degree. By 1922 the Association had begun to look on the university as a sort of unofficial branch office and had begun the practice, carried out annually during the years that followed, of passing resolutions commending the work in journalism that the university was doing. In 1923 the Association voted to meet at the university and asked for a journalistic short course. Such a short course was held in the spring of 1924 and led to the estab- lishment of the Journalism Conference which is now held in conjunction with the annual meeting of the Association. In the same year the Association, under the presidency of John Harrison, voted to meet regularly at the university. In the fall of 1924 the annual meeting began to take on the characteristics of the present Journalism Conference, speakers from other states were scheduled and greater emphasis was placed on the professional and educational aspects of journalism. This was the situation when William J. Smith, editor of the Waukegan Sun, became president of the Association. At the 192 6 convention banquet he appointed a committee to confer with the president of the university and urge him to bring about the estab- lishment of a School or College of Journalism which should have the same status as the schools of law and medicine. The committee consisting of John Harrison, editor of the Danville Commercial News; D. W. Grandon, editor of the Sterling Gazette, J. W. McClure, editor of the Carlinville Democrat; H. U. Bailey, editor of the Bureau County Republican, and \\ . J. Smith, president of the Association, conferred with President David Kinley of the university on the morning of Saturday. They met the president and several members of the faculty and placed their request before them. In addition to the president of the university and the members of the press committee there were present at that meeting K. C. Babcock, dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences; Ernest Bernbaum, head of the department of English; Lawrence W. Murphy, Director of the Courses in Journalism; and Josef F. Wright. Director of Publicity and member of the journalism staff. At the conclusion of the conference the president of the university consented to make provision for the establishment and continuation of the School of Journalism on condition that the Press Association secure an appropriation to cover the needs of the first two years. The committee withdrew and undertook preparations for the introduction of a School of Journalism bill at the forthcoming meeting of the legislature. State Repre- sentative William F. Weiss of Waukegan introduced the bill on March 15, 1927, at the request of Mr. Smith. The School of Journalism committee and the legislative committee of the Association then sponsored the bill during the various stages of its journey JFaculty members offering instruction in lournalism up to the time of the establishment of the School (1902-27) included: Hirrs G P»ul. Thacher Howbnd Guild. Frank V* . Scott. Arthur Llewelyn Eno. Harry F. Harrington. Harry Torsey Baker. 1 A Russell. Vt A Hale. Elmo Scott W.-tson. Albert |. Harno. Salter Wilgus. Dix Harwood. |osel 1 Wright, H. M. Hodgson. C. B. Dasis. Ben Kartman. L. V. Murphy, C. L. Allen. Helen Rand. Laurence F. Tr.gcs. 1 S. Siebtrt. 275 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History through the two houses and kept watch over it until it had been signed by Governor Len Small. It received a vote of 79-23 in the House and a comfortable majority in the Senate, due to the efforts of the press committees headed by S. P. Preston, W. J. Smith, John Harrison, and H. L. Williamson. Immediately upon the adoption of the bill the president of the university appointed a faculty committee to make recommendations to him concerning the establishment of the school. This committee, appointed on June 3, consisted of K. C. Babcock, dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences; Dean Charles Manfred Thompson, dean of the College of Commerce; Harry G. Paul, professor of English; Frederick R. Russell, professor of Business Organization and Operation; and J. F. Wright, Director of Publicity and member of the journalism faculty. This faculty committee held several meetings and made a recommendation to the president on June 17 calling for adjustments in the organization of the university, the budget, and the faculty. The faculty committee submitted a tentative program calling for the establishment of a junior-senior graduate School (College) of Journalism requiring two years of college work for admission. This program was placed before representative editors of daily and weekly papers at a meeting on Monday, July 11, at 10:30 a.m., in the Union Building. The meeting was attended by John Harrison, S. P. Preston, Clinton W. Bliss, Verne E. Joy, A. L. Bowen, Harry B. Potter, W. F. Hardy, W. W. Loomis, W. J. Smith, J. E. McClure, D. W. Grandon, H. U. Bailey, and other members of the Illinois Press Association. The newspaper men emphasized the importance of offering instruction in business problems of the newspaper, in the psychology of news appeal, research and investigation in newspaper and publication practices, ethics, principles and history of journalism, practical laboratory reporting for daily newspaper publication on a laboratory newspaper, study of current events and their background, work in history, political science, economics, and sociology, and training for the country papers. They expressed general approval of the plans submitted and asked that special provision be made for the things which they had emphasized. The faculty report was then put into final form and President Kinley prepared his recommendations on it to the Board of Trustees. At his request Lawrence W. Murphy was placed in charge of organizing the school and proceeded to secure a faculty and outline the work in detail. Formal action by the Board of Trustees establishing the school was taken at the meeting of July 14, 1927. The budget for the first year was approved by the president on August 4, 1927. The "establishment" report appeared in the minutes of the board as follows: Board of Trustees, July 14, 1927, presented by President David Kinley: School of Journalism : ' (35) The legislature passed a bill appropriating $30,000 to the university for the establishment of a School of Journalism. The appropriation came so late that it is difficult to organize the work fully. Nevertheless, it should be started. A conference was held last Monday with several editors interested in the movement, •The Board had voted to authorize establishment of a school at its meeting October 20, 1926. Passage of the School hill provided the funds needed. The name School w.s understood to mean the same thing as College as it applied to Journalism at Ii UNois Newspaper Directory and History and the whole situation thoroughly gone over with them by Provost Babcock, Mr. Josef F. Wright, and others. 1 ask authority to organize this school as follows: (a) To transfer from the Department of English, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, all members of the staff now giving instruction in journalistic work, together with their salaries. (b) To appoint a director or acting director, as circumstances may indicate, and to make up the expense and salary budget of the School of Journalism in general alignment with the university budget. The staff and income available for this purpose by transfer from the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences are as follows: L. W. Murphy, S3, 800; C. B. Davis, $2,100; C. L. Allen, $2,200; F. S. Siebert, $1,800; Anita McLean, clerk and stenographer, $1,080; an aggregate of $10,980, to which must be added $15,000, or one-half of the appropriation for a new school, making a total of $2 5,980. I ask authority to appoint a director or acting director for one year at a salary not to exceed $7,5 00 as a maximum. I recommend that the salary of C. B. Davis, now $2,100, be made $2,300; that the salary of C. L. Allen, now $2,200, be made $2,400; that the salary of F. S. Siebert, now $1,800, be made $2,000; and that the salary of Anita McLean, now $1,080, be made $1,200. In addition to the above named, and in addition to others who may be employed under the authority herewith requested, Mr. Josef F. Wright, Director of Publicity and instructor in journalism, will also be on the staff. On motion of Mr. Barr, these recommendations were adopted and authority was given the president of the university as requested. The school was opened on September 19-20 and students were permitted to register in the junior-senior course leading to the Bachelor of Science in Journalism degree and in the freshman-sophomore pre-journalism course leading to admission to the school. The courses offered by the journalism staff during the first year were: introduction to journalism; the newspaper and the news; newspaper reference service; reporting; sports writing; history and practice of printing and publishing; newspaper advertising; the press, the courts, and the law; publicity methods; copyreading, head-writing and makeup; special and feature articles; history of American journalism; ethics of American journalism; editorials and the editorial page; community and country journalism; newspaper administration; agricultural journalism; advanced reporting; newspaper advertising copy and layouts; contemporary life and thought; special problems; business problems of the newspaper; newspaper accounting; teaching of journalism; thesis courses. The requirements for graduation were: four years of college work, the last two in the school of journalism (130 credits), including: science (10); literature (12); history, economics, sociology, political science (20); philosophy (3); rhetoric (9); journalism (30). The faculty consisted of the following, all of whom had been reporters or editors on daily or weekly papers: Lawrence W. Murphy, Reuel Richard Barlow, Josef Franklin Wright, Victor Louis Krannert, Charles Brewer Davis, Charles Laurel Allen, Frederick S. Siebert, Helen H. Peffer, Burrus S. Dickinson, Frederick D. Ball. Six of these mem- bers devoted all of their time to journalism courses. The others taught one or two classes in journalism and devoted the rest of their time to other work. The lecturers (including speakers at the Journalism Conference) were: Charles Henry Dennis, editor of the Chicago Daily News; Fred D. Keister, editor of the Ionia County (Mich.) News, winner of state and national community newspaper awards; Frank W. Scott, editor-in-chief of D. C. Heath Publishing Company; W. W. Loomis, president of the Illinois Press Association, and authority on newspaper law; R. J. 277 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Finnegan, editor of the Chicago Daily Journal; John Harrison, editor of the Danville Commercial News, and president of the Inland Daily Press Association; Allan Nevins, editorial writer of the New York World, historian, author and critic; John Henry Nash, artist printer, San Francisco, California; W. T. Steed, former editor of the London (England) Times; George F. Pierrot, editor of the American Boy Magazine; Robert R. Aurner, professor of advertising, University of Wisconsin; Perley I. Reed, director of the department of journalism, West Virginia University; Merle Crowell, editor of the American Magazine; Henry T. Claus, editor of the Boston Transcript; Harry E. Bell, editor of the White Hall (111.) Register Republican, and former president of the Illinois Press Association; Verne E. Joy, editor of the Centralia (111.) Sentinel; Fred E. Sterling, publisher of the Rockford (111.) Register-Gazette, and Lieutenant Governor of Illinois; Herman Roe, publisher of the Northfield (Minn.) News, and former president of the National Editorial Association. At the Illinois Press convention in the fall of 1927 the head of the school reported an enrollment of 20 seniors and 5 juniors working for the professional degree, and 70 sophomores and 120 freshmen in the pre-journalism course. In addition to these there were enrolled under members of the journalism faculty several hundred non- professional students who were registered for a limited number of classes. The Press Association adopted resolutions of thanks to the university at this meeting and bestowed tokens of appreciation on the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of the state and others who had been instrumental in securing the passage of the school bill and other bills in which the Association had been interested. Not content with securing the establishment of the professional school the Associa- tion at once set about securing adequate housing and promoting the school's interest in every way. It voted to bring its Hall of Fame to the school, to open its Association meetings to journalism students, to sponsor a new building for the school, to supervise certification of experienced reporters and editors. The Mid-Winter Meeting of the Illinois Press Association was held at the Hotel Sherman in Chicago, February 23, 24 and 25, 1928. One hundred and sixty-six editors, many of them with their wives, registered the first day. The program for the three days was divided as follows: one-half educational, one-fourth business and administra- tive, and one-fourth pleasure. The suburban Publishers' Association played host to the Illinois Press Association, and the address of welcome was made by Albert Hall of the Forest Park Review, Presi- dent of the Suburban Publishers' Association. Clio Harper, secretary of the Arkansas Press Association, who attended the meeting urged the editors to go to Memphis for the N.E.A. convention during the summer. H. J. Blazer, Aledo Times-Record, talked on "A Prize-Winning First Page — and What's Behind It." W. A. Jolley, Roodhouse Record, spoke on "The Duty of the News- paper to the Community." He was followed by R. R. Denison, Lawrenceville Record, who answered the question, "Should a Weekly Be Continued in Connection With a Daily" in the affirmative. Mrs. Ethel T. Holland, Marion Evening Post, told "What Women Want to Read." Benjamin S. Herbert, who was president of the association in 1921 and 1922, spoke briefly in response to an invitation from the chair. Mr. Herbert at the time was editor of "Federal Doings," a monthly publication for federal offices in Chicago, which was distributed to the heads of offices and their assistants. Mrs. Imogene Klatt, Lincoln Courier, talked on "How a Small Daily Can Build Up a Book Review Department," 278 Ii iinois Newspaper Directory and History and a number of the members discussed the matter. Wil V. Tufford, Secretary of the Inland Daily Press Association, Clinton, Iowa, gave the final talk of the afternoon session on the subject, "Why Every Newspaper Man in the State Should be an Active Member of the Illinois Press Association." About 300 were present Thursday evening at the banquet in the Louis XVI room of the Hotel Sherman. J. E. Dertinger, Bushnell Record, was toastmaster. William D. Saltiel, the city attorney of Chicago, welcomed the editors to the city. Mrs. Lenora Lee Tufford gave a dramatic reading. Congressman William E. Hull, Peoria, made the principal address of the evening on "Flood Control." Geraldine Maude Clemmons, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Homer Clemmons, of the Blue Island Sun- Standard, presented a Colonial sketch in costume and also a reading, "Difficulties in Practicing." Alex Christianson, professional entertainer, proved popular with the guests. A. A. Raboin, Chatsworth Plaindealer, gave a reading in the French-Canadian dialect. After the banquet the members and their guests visited the Chicago Tribune where they were taken through the plant and saw a metropolitan daily "in the making." The trip through the great plant was arranged through the courtesy of Colonel Robert R. McCormick. On Friday morning the first item on the program was a trip through the plant of R. R. Donnelley & Sons, the "Lakeside Press." Homer B. Clemmons, Blue Island Sun-Standard, was in charge of this tour. For those who did not care to make the trip to the Donnelley plant other excursions around Chicago were planned and carried out. Some members went to the stockyards; another group to the Western Electric Company at Hawthorne; another to Sears, Roebuck & Co., and a last group on a general tour which included the Art Institute, the Field Museum, the public library, the Garfield Park conservatory, the Board of Trade, the ghetto, and other points of interest. The Friday afternoon session was devoted to the "bread and butter" problems of advertising, circulation and job printing. Philip D. Adler, Kewanee Star-Courier, spoke on "Building Circulation," as did Benjamin Weir, Charleston Daily Courier. "Need for Adequate Insurance and Appraisals," was discussed by C. W. Hinton, Watseka Iroquois County Times, after which Douglas C. McMurtrie, director of typography for the Ludlow Typograph Company, discussed "The Production of Better Printing." J. E. Dertinger, Bushnell Record, spoke on "Mooching Advertising." Another evil, that of "The Competition of Free Circulation Newspapers," was discussed by John Udell of the Lake Forest Lake Forester. "How to Build Up Local Advertising," was the subject treated by Howe V. Morgan, editor of the Sparta News-Plaindealer. A talk by H. J. Hirsch, a member of the newspaper advertising service of the Chicago Tribune, concluded the session. He gave the following guides for deciding on an effective adver- tising program: 1. Is it time to advertise? 2. Is the product right? 3. Is the management right? Is there proper window display, etc.? 4. Is the medium right? 5. Is the copy right? There is a moral obligation on the part of the publish- er to see that the advertiser uses the space he gets to the maximum extent. On Friday evening a group of thirty dined at the Greek Cafe, 216 North Dear- born street, and another group of twenty-five at the Bamboo Inn. A number of editors and their wives saw "Just Fancy," a musical comedy at the Olympic theatre that evening. The final session, Saturday morning, was given over entirely to the problems con- fronting the Illinois Press Association and steps were taken towards solving them. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History H. L. Williamson, secretary of the association gave his report under the title, "Our Continually Expanding Program." He announced that an attorney for the association, Henry I. Green, Urbana, had been engaged, to draw a salary of $500 a year. He read the following service program which was outlined in detail by the president, W. W. Loomis: 1. Information on the laws of Illinois relating to legal advertising, libel, contempt, etc. 2. Services of Association's legal department in securing publication of all reports, statements, ordinances and other notices as required by statute. 3. Assistance and advice in typography, style for heads, make-up, and ar- rangement of material to give the best possible appearance. 4. Encourage news and editorial excellence by offering annual awards for papers that have best first page, best editorial page and best record of community affairs. 5. Confidential reports on individuals or firms in the business of conducting subscription contests and campaigns. 6. Information as to the reliability of individuals putting on special editors or other advertising stunts. 7. Information about advertising services, shop equipment, etc., by supply- ing names of association members who have used such service or equipment so the individual interested can take it up with them direct. In other words: make available for members first hand information from others aside from the salesman. 8. Data showing approved styles for rate cards, invoices and other office forms. 9. Bulletin on agencies placing advertising in Illinois papers. 10. Bulletins on agencies and advertisers not entitled to credit; also warnings on fake advertising propositions. 11. Assistance in fighting press agent evil and bulletins on propaganda that might slip past the busy editor. 12. Assistance in compiling bookkeeping and accounting systems, best methods for checking ads, jobs, etc. 13. Assistance in planning shop lay-out. 14. Assistance in helping competitors or groups to standardize subscription and advertising rates, prices on commercial printing and a uniform policy of charg- ing churches, schools and other organizations on publicity for entertainments, concerts, etc. 15. Arrange for shop appraisals by reliable firm. 16. Make arrangements whereby country publishers may take orders and secure commission on work which they are not equipped to handle such as sales books, deposit slips, ruling, binding, engraving, embossing, printing school annuals, live stock sale catalogues, etc. Arrangements to be made with firms to handle orders for members and pay them commission, each member to have addresses of such firms on file so no time would be lost in getting prices, etc. 17. Encourage high editorial standards by refusing admission or expelling from membership those who do not observe the generally accepted code of news- paper ethics. 18. Assistance in organizing county or group press associations. 19. Helping local press club to prepare programs. 20. Pass along information about special sales-day campaigns or other adver- tising stunts that might be used by members in other cities. 280 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History 21. Provide speakers for Chambers of Commerce, Rotary Clubs, etc., who will stress the value of local newspaper advertising. 22. Possibly a listing service for help wanted, situations wanted, etc. Gilbert P. Farrar, lecturer on typography at the University of New York and author of "How Advertisements are Built," talked on "The Typography and Make-up of Newspapers," using printed models for illustration. Gerry D. Scott, Wyoming Post-Herald, Vice President of the National Editorial Association for Illinois, spoke on "Our Big Brother — the National Editorial Association." Maiden Jones of the University of Illinois school of journalism, spoke a word of appre- ciation for what the Illinois Press Association has done for the school. In reference to the Oddie envelope bill, J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat, brought up an interesting point. "Twenty-five years ago we passed a bill and Congress pro- hibited government printing, but got around it by having enough matter printed to last two years — they printed millions of copies and finally the bill was repealed. 'Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty,' and so if this bill passes, we've got to watch it." The report of the resolutions committee to endorse this bill was approved. The committee urged every publisher to communicate with his senator in Washington and with the Congressman in each of the several districts of the state asking for the passage of the bill. Selwyn Otis spoke on "The World's Fair in 193 3 in Chicago." The Sixty-Third Annual Meeting of the Illinois Press Association was held at Cham- paign-Urbana with the University of Illinois as host, on October 11, 12 and 13, 192 8. More than 200 newspaper men were present. W. W. Loomis, LaGrange Citizen, the president, presided. During registration on the first day, a golf tournament was held on the University course, the committee in charge being G. C. Terry, Polo Tri-County Press; Paul R. God- dard, Washington Reporter; and H. L. Williamson, United States Publisher, Springfield. The Hall of Fame committee of the association held a luncheon meeting in the Union Arcade building at noon. Those present were: W. W. Loomis, Lawrence W. Murphy, H. L. Williamson, J. E. Dertinger and L. M. Wood. Absent were A. L. Bowen and W. C. Bush. Victor F. Lawson, Chicago Daily News; Joseph Medill, Chicago Tribune; Elijah Parish Lovejoy, Alton Observer; and Henry W. Clendenin, Springfield, Illinois State Register, were chosen as the first four editors for the Hall of Fame. Two others were recommended for consideration the next year: D. W. Barkley, Fairfield, and W. O. Davis, Bloomington. The committee voted to require that all names proposed for action be filed with the secretary at least thirty days before the annual convention. Serious consideration was given to the question of standards to be followed in select- ing men for the Hall. Professor Murphy believed that first, the man chosen must have done something for journalism as a profession and second, he must have had prominence in his own time, must have been an outstanding journalist of his generation. Realizing that a precedent was being established, it was decided not to cheapen the Hall by present- ing names that were not outstanding. It was decided that the pioneer editors should be taken first, and the committee hoped that a number not exceeding three will be chosen each year from the later generation. In accordance with the seventh rule for the selection of the Hall of Fame com- mittee, L. M. Wood was to serve one year; A. L. Bowen, two; J. E. Dertinger, three; and Illinois Newspaper Directory and History W. C. Bush four years. The president and secretary of the association and the head of the school of journalism were ex-officio members of the committee. A sub-committee, including H. L. Williamson, W. W. Loomis and Lawrence W. Murphy, planned to meet later in Chicago to determine the size, material and style of busts which would be purchased: The committee decided that the community from which the honored man came should pay for the bust, but if that were not possible, the association would make some other arrangement. The Thursday afternoon session of the Association was opened with Mr. Loomis' presidential address. Erwin Funk, President of the National Editorial Association, and publisher of the Democrat, Rogers, Arkansas, then spoke on "The National Editorial Association Program." He stressed the idea that the state press associations should stand in a body behind the N.E.A. in order for it to be effective. Also on Thursday afternoon the state Associated Press held a meeting. Paul Cousley, postmaster of Alton and editor of the Telegraph, was elected president; Verne E. Joy, Centralia Sentinel, vice president; Aubrey Cribb, Springfield, secretary. There were seventeen Associated Press representatives of the newspapers and three AP staff members present. Charles E. Honce, news editor of the AP at Chicago, told of the plans of ex- tension of service and for the development of the feature service, the latter being partic- ularly the interest of the general manager, Kent Cooper. Mr. Cousley complimented the AP on the World's Series service which, he said, was only 15 to 32 seconds behind the radio in point of speed. Superintendent Cutter's retirement was discussed and apprecia- tion expressed for his services. Mr. Cribb was placed in charge of the November election service, with headquarters in Chicago. There were then eight zones handling Illinois returns and they were in charge of six AP bureau managers and two staff men. Leased wires were run from their offices to tabulating headquarters in Chicago. The bureau managers were to receive returns from one or more correspondents in each county. Headquarters for the zones were at Davenport, Iowa; Chicago, Springfield, Peoria, Champaign-Urbana, Mt. Vernon, Cairo, and St. Louis. As a general thing only one automatic printer was necessary for service but for election purposes both printers were to be utilized, one for general returns and one for state returns. All AP papers were to co-operate in gathering returns. The editors present adopted a resolution commending Kent Cooper, general manager, on initiating the general feature service, and urging its further development. Mr. Honce said that the AP was about to add an automobile and an aviation page to its service. A dinner for the past presidents of the Illinois Press Association was held Thursday evening, at the Southern Tea Room. Tables were laid in a private dining room. Those present were: Senator Thomas Rees, Illinois State Register, Springfield; Charles W. Bliss, Montgomery News, Hillsboro; Erwin Funk, president of the National Editorial Association; Paul R. Goddard, Tazewell County Reporter, Washington; Mr. and Mrs. W. J. Smith, Waukegan; Mr. and Mrs. John H. Harrison, Danville; Mr. and Mrs. W. W. Loomis, LaGrange; Mr. and Mrs. M. F. Walsh, Harvard; Mr. and Mrs. Charles Bradshaw, Carrollton; Charles E. Honce, Associated Press news editor from Chicago; H. L. Williamson, Springfield; Robert Rees, nephew of Senator Rees; and Victor Kran- nert, manager of the Illini Publishing Company at the University of Illinois. Charles Bradshaw, editor of the Carrollton Patriot, was elected president of the Past President' organization. Mr. Bradshaw was president of the Illinois Press Associa- tion in 1903-1904. M. F. Walsh, president in 1899-1900 was elected secretary. Charles W. Bliss presided as toastmaster. He called particular attention to the fact that Senator Rees was the oldest continuous publisher in the United States, having pub- Illinois Newspaper Directory and History lishcd a daily newspaper for fifty-three years. Those who were called on for a few remrks were Senator Rees, Mr. Funk, Mr. Goddard, Mr. Walsh and Mr. Honce. Many of the editors took advantage of J. F. Wright's specially-planned tour of the University campus, which included a trip to the engineering laboratory, the radio broad- casting station and the warm air heating research residence in Urbana. A short talk was given at each place by the man in charge of the department so that the editors gained some definite information about things they were seeing. Friday morning the session was opened by discussions of the effects of consolidations in the daily and weekly field by W. M. Harrison, editor of the Daily Oklahoman and Oklahoma City Times and president of the American Society of Newspaper Editors, who believed that consolidations have made for better newspapers through the elimination of the weak properties; John H. Millar, president of the Home News Publishing Company, Chicago, took part in the discussion which followed. "Free Publicity or Paid Advertising" was discussed by Irl H. Marshall, publisher of the Affiliated Newspapers, Chicago. This was followed by a discussion on the subject, "What Is Your Business Worth?" by H. F. Henrichs, Litchfield and New York news- paper broker; and by S. P. Preston, Gillespie News. The Four Horsemen The Friday afternoon session was perhaps the most interesting of all sessions. Carl C. Magee, Oklahoma City News, opened the discussion of the infringement on freedom of the press by relating his experience with contempt of court. Boyd F. Gurley, editor of the Indianapolis Times, related his experience in connection with his fight against corruption and intimidation in Indiana. George R. Dale, editor of the Muncie, Indiana, Post Democrat, presented a humorous and yet stirring picture of his experience in an address entitled, "The Country Editor Hits Back." W. J. Smith, Waukegan Sun, told the story of "When My City Editor Went to Jail." A committee, including George Cramer, Peoria, Lawrence W. Murphy, and W. J. Smith, Waukegan, was appointed to confer with Mr. Magee, Mr. Gurley and Mr. Dale in an endeavor to formulate some conclusions from the several experiences of these fight- ing editors. The resolutions they presented, while upholding the dignity and authority of the courts, and calling upon the newspapers to be staunch supporters of every court entitled by its conduct to public respect, stood firmly for the doctrine of freedom of the press and insisted upon the right of newspapers to criticize fairly the conduct of judges at such time as would not improperly affect the outcome of pending cases; called upon public sentiment to reject the pernicious judicial doctrine that the truth of a publication is never a defense in a proceeding for contempt of court; expressed opinion that judges should be required to disqualify themselves to sit in cases where the publication had in- censed the presiding judge; declared that courts should be loath to refuse those charged with contempt a trial by jury; and that the safety of our judicial system and the freedom of the press to criticize legitimately will be made more secure by a return to the common law systems of regarding contempt as a crime subject to indictment (or presentment) and a jury trial, surrounded by all the safeguards of ordinary criminal trials, except in cases of contempts committed in the presence of the court. The discussion then shifted to the subject of "Covering the Local News Field on a Weekly Paper," by M. F. Walsh of the Harvard Herald. The final addresses and com- ments of the afternoon session were on "Cultivating Your Circulation Field," by Roy Clippinger, Carmi Tribune Times. 2S3 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History The annual banquet was held in the Union Arcade building on Friday evening. The toastmaster, C. S. Conger, White County Democrat, Carmi, was introduced by the re- tiring president, W. W. Loomis. Professor Lawrence W. Murphy then introduced Pro- fessor Otho Clarke Leiter, a new member of the journalism faculty. W. J. Smith offered the following resolution that was unanimously adopted: I move that the Illinois Press Association extend to President Kinley and his associates its heartfelt appreciation for their effective response to the request made by this association two years ago when we urged the authorities of this, the greatest university in America, to create and operate a real School of Journalism, a task which the faculty took up with determination following our appeal, with the result that the School has rapidly expanded and gained force and prestige which if care- fully nourished, will make it the foremost school for journalism in the United States within a few years; and further than that, recognizing the rapid strides the school has made during the past two years, we express our appreciation of the earnest efforts made to raise the scope and standard of the school by Professor Lawrence W. Murphy who is giving his best efforts to develop the school to a point of highest efficiency; that it is the hope of the Illinois Press Association that the University authorities will provide a home for the School of Journalism commensurate with its importance in the field of education as soon as their program of building will permit, our hope being that every effort possible will be spent to do this, with the belief in mind that a suitable home will add much to the prestige of the department. The speaker of the evening was W. M. Harrison, managing editor of the Oklahoman and the Times at Oklahoma City and president of the American Society of Newspaper Editors. The paper, "The Profession and Its Critics," which Mr. Harrison gave, is entered in the American Mercury contest for the best essay on journalism as a trade. Saturday morning the session was opened by G. C. Terry, Tri-County Press, Polo, who spoke on "How I Would Judge the Excellence of the Weekly Newspaper." A dis- cussion was held concerning the circulation audit plan for weekly newspapers, following its recommendation by H. L. Williamson. Many of the publishers considered an audit an invaluable aid in securing advertising of a national nature. A committee was ap- pointed to find out about the work being done in other states and make a report at the winter meeting. Colonel D. C. Collier gave a brief talk on the proposed World's Fair to be held in Chicago in 193 3. He had been for five years Director-General and president of the San Diego exposition, which was held in 1915, and had held other positions of the kind; at the time he was serving with the Chicago World's Fair in an advisory capacity. Another interesting feature of the morning was a paper presented by Willis J. Abbot, editor emeritus of the Christian Science Monitor; it was entitled "The News- paper and the Important News." A necrology of the Illinois newspaper world was presented by A. A. Raboin, Chats- worth Plaindealer. The auditing committee reported a balance on hand of $115.76. The following officers were elected: President, Chauncey S. Conger, White County Democrat, Carmi; Vice Presidents, J. E. Dertinger, Bushnell Record; B.W. Jarvis, Troy Call; Harold H. Stevens, Paxton Daily Record; Secretary, H. L. Williamson, United States Publisher, Springfield; Treasurer, G. D. Scott, Wyoming Post-Herald; Member of Hall of Fame Committee, L. M. Wood, Flora Journal-Record. In the afternoon members of the association attended the football game held in the Illinois Memorial stadium between Coe College and the University of Illinois. 284 hi inois Nivtspapir Directory and History 1929 The semi-annual convention of the Illinois Press Association was held March 28, 29 and 30, 1929, at the Hotel Abraham Lincoln in Springfield, with over two hundred newspaper men in attendance. Chauncey S. Conger, publisher of the White County Democrat, Carmi, and president of the association, managed the meeting. Many of the convention visitors arrived Thursday afternoon and visited the state legislature, which was then in session. A banquet was given Thursday evening by mem- bers of the association to Governor Louis L. Emmerson, members of his staff and state legislators. Senator Thomas Rees, publisher of the Illinois State Register, Springfield, acted as toastmaster. Governor Emmerson related incidents in connection with his work on a country weekly of 5 50 circulation. Referring to the influence of the press, the governor told the delegates, "You can make or unmake men, you can cause war or compel peace by your power in molding public sentiment; yours is a tremendous responsibility." He also commented favorably on the good work being done in newspaper circles by women. United States Senator Charles S. Deneen spoke briefly of his three months' attempt to conduct a political page on a newspaper, and then told his audience something of the tasks daily confronting a senator at the national capital. Introduced by Mr. Rees as having served for thirty-six years as a member of the general assembly from one district and through five terms as speaker, David E. Shanahan, speaker of the house of representatives, declared that his only experience with newspaper men consisted of being treated courteously by them. He drew a comparison between the functioning of the state legislature and congress. State Senator Martin R. Carlson, member of the board of supervisors of Rock Island county, predicted that a bureau of statistics would be formed to prepare data for guid- ance of legislators. He advocated establishment of a research laboratory at the Univer- sity of Illinois to find new utilization of farm products, calling attention to steps that had been taken in experiments with cornstalk paper. Representative Homer J. Tice, Greenview, listed appropriations that had been requested of the legislature and asked whether the two hundred and twenty-two million dollars asked in these appropriations should be paid out for armories, monuments, new parks, bridges and other things enumerated or should go toward care of the state's dependents and the general educational system. Representative Roger F. Little, Republican floor leader, asked the help of the news- paper men in consideration of taxation, crime, reapportionment and regulation of utility rates. Senator Harry G. Wright, chairman of the senate's appropriation committee, also spoke on the state's welfare. The last speaker was "Uncle Joe" Page, 84-year-old editor of the Jersey County Democrat, Jerseyville, who said he must plead guilty to being "one of the two demo- crats in the room." His humorous talk included details of his arrival in Jerseyville with twenty-five cents in his pocket at the close of the Civil War, and his subsequent activi- ties as a farmer, chief of police, mayor, editor and member of several state commissions. E. L. Wilson, superintendent of the "Popular Mechanics" print shop, Chicago, was the first speaker of the Friday morning program. He dealt largely with the problems of the job department. "Production ills do not necessarily lie in the personnel of the job department," he said, "you may better look to faulty equipment for solution ot yr; r difficulties." 2S5 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History J. L. Frazier, editor of "Inland Printer," gave an illustrated talk on what constitutes effective typography and the manner in which it saves money for the publisher. A. C. Fegert, western editor and manager of "Printing," spoke on "Yourself and Others." "The time has come for newspapers to stop giving free space to radio programs," said W. W. Loomis, editor of the LaGrange Citizen and publisher of a chain of news- papers in northern Illinois. Mr. Loomis read a paper entitled "The Newspaper and Radio Broadcasting," written by Benjamin Weir of the Charleston Courier. At the luncheon Friday noon the editors were addressed by the Honorable Cornelius J. Doyle, of the law firm of Doyle, Sampson and Giffin, Springfield, on the topic, "Responsibility of the Newspapers to Good Government." Friday afternoon the newspaper men went to Taylorville as the guests of the Capi- tal City Paper Company to visit the Hopper Paper Mill, where paper was being manu- factured from cornstalk pulp. An airplane showered the party of nearly three hundred with cornstalk paper confetti and a welcoming committee composed of Phil Haner, Mayor Harry B. Hershey, United States District Attorney Walter M. Provine and officials of the Hopper Paper company escorted the cavalcade of automobiles into the city. They were entertained at the Taylorville Country Club by the city's high school band. The pioneering work then being done in utilization of farm wastes was praised in a talk by Attorney General Oscar E. Carlstrom, who stated that perfection in the manu- facture of cornstalk paper will mark a great step toward the solution of the farm problem. The editors did not see the actual manufacture of corn stalk paper but did watch the making of wood pulp paper. The officials explained that the corn stalk paper was produced in the same manner as the other. Friday evening the Capital City Paper Company was again host to the members of the association at a banquet given at the Elks' club. "A cellulose age is approaching to take the place of iron and steel, and the corn- fields of Illinois are the greatest source of cellulose," Harvey J. Sconce, of the Danville Cornstalk Products Company told members in an address, "Development of Cornstalk Pulp." At the time the farmers of Vermilion countv in which the plant of the Danville Cornstalk Products Company was located were being paid $160,000 for the cornstalks which were converted into paper pulp at the Danville plant. A. E. Frampton, advertising manager of the Hammermill Paper Company, Erie, Pennsylvania, spoke on the relation of the paper maker and printer and showed a film, "The Romance of Paper." Mr. Frampton's talk was especially interesting and instructive. Ted Trent, Springfield, amused the audience with "Topics of the Day," a series of pointed paragraphs. Music was furnished by the Capcipaco quartet, from the Capital City Paper Company. Dick Simpson, an entertainer from Taylorville, also sang. Howe V. Morgan, Sparta News-Plaindealer, opened the Saturday morning program with a talk on "Are Weekly Papers Ready for a Circulation Audit?" He stated that the association should foster a move to bring country weeklies under the supervision of the Audit Bureau of Circulations. Other talks on the program were "The Marketing and Distribution of Goods," by Judge E. Allen Frost, Milford; and "Fred Mann," by Bruce Cole of the Prophets- town Echo. J. M. Page, chairman of the legislative committee of the association, announced that the committee had been studying the bills which had been offered in the general assembly but was not ready to make recommendations. 286 Illinois N'iuspaper Directory and History Announcement was made that the Hall of Fame committee, on advice from Walter Strong of the Chicago Daily News, had engaged Lorado Taft to model the bust of Victor F. Lawson, former publisher of the Chicago Daily News. Oskar J. V. Hansen, Chicago sculptor, had signed a contract with the association through H. L. Williamson, secretary, for the modeling of the bust of Elijah Parish Lovejoy, former abolitionist editor of Alton. Colonel Robert McCormick of the Chicago Tribune, was making arrangements for the bust of Joseph Medill, former editor of the Chicago Tribune. The sculptor for the bust of Henry W. Clendenin, former publisher of the Illinois State Register, Springfield, had not then been selected. The busts of the four editors selected for the Illinois' editors Hall of Fame were to be placed in the reading room of the library at the University of Illinois for the present. Later they would be transferred to the journalism school which was planning the construction of a new building. Two names carried over from the annual meeting the previous fall were considered by the Hall of Fame committee. They were D. W. Barkley, Fairfield, pioneer editor of the Wayne County Press, who did much to suppress lawlessness and support the hard road movement in southern Illinois, and W. O. Davis of the Bloomington Pantagraph. Professor Lawrence W. Murphy, head of the school of journalism at the University of Illinois and a member of the Hall of Fame committee, offered the names of three men he considered worthy of the honor: Melville E. Stone, founder of the Associated Press; Harvey W. Scott, editor of the Portland Oregonian for forty years; and Edward W. Scripps, founder of the Scripps-Howard chain of newspapers, the Newspaper Enter- prise Association, Science Service, and the United Press. Nominations of editors for the Hall of Fame were postponed until the annual meeting of the Illinois Press Association at the University of Illinois the following fall. The committee on resolutions recommended that thereafter when any particular favor has been shown the association the secretary be instructed to write a personal letter to all persons who have responded to the request and on behalf of the whole association extend to them the sincere thanks and appreciation of the association. Early in April twenty-five students at the University of Illinois took the professional certificate examination of the Illinois Press Association, writing on the various sections for sixteen hours. Seven of the twenty-rive qualified to work out the rest of their examination on the "interneship" basis. The others passed on various parts of the examination and qualified for later examination. The following article about Southern Illinois newspapers is taken from the United States Publisher of November 1929. "An association of Southern Illinois newspapers, known as 'Egypt's Associated Dailies,' was recently formed at a meeting held in Benton, and plans an advertising campaign for the purpose of boosting the southern portion of the state, known as Egypt, and at the same time calling attention of national advertisers to the field. "Papers included in the organization, as tentatively agreed upon at the formation meeting were: Cairo Citizen, Benton News, Centralia Sentinel, Carbondale Free Press, DuQuoin Call, Eldorado Journal, Harrisburg Register, Marion Republican, Mount Vernon Register-News, Murphysboro Independent, Lawrenceville Record and Mount Carmel Republican-Register. 287 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "In the summer of 1824 there was a corn famine in the northern part of Illinois and the Northern Illinois farmers were forced to go south to the 'promised land,' where they obtained seed corn in plenty. Since then, the southern part of Illinois with its Cairo, Thebes and other Egyptian named towns, has been called Egypt. "The new association of daily papers, which cover practically all of the thirty-two counties in Southern Illinois, has elected officers with M. C. Page, editor of the Benton News, as president, and Oldham Paisley, managing editor of the Marion Republican, as secretary-treasurer. A copy committee consisting of Secretary Oldham Paisley and Editors John Fisher of the Cairo Citizen and Verne E. Joy of the Centralia Sentinel, was also elected. "Copy will call attention to the facts that Egypt is reached by airways, highways, waterways and railways; that it is up north and yet a majority of it is south of the so-called Mason-Dixon line; that it comprises farming, mining and industrial com- munities; that there are inland towns and river towns; that there are union labor and open shop communities and that it is growing rapidly. "Oldham Paisley, secretary of Egypt's Associated Dailies, was born in Lincoln, Illinois, but received his first acquaintance with type lice and such matters in the news- paper office of the weekly Jasper (Missouri) News. Not liking the farm life of his parents, he obtained a job as printer's devil and got his first touch of the mechanical side of the paper. "Later, while in high school and the University of Omaha, he worked on the editorial staffs of the Omaha World-Herald and Omaha News. During his summers, while in the university he handled special publicity work for the Ellison-White Chau- tauqua system, covering six of the far western states. "Upon completion of his university course, he became associated with his father, W. O. Paisley, in ownership and management of the Marion Daily Republican, where he has been located since, with the exception of two years spent in the army during the World War. "Mr. Paisley served on an infantry brigade staff during the war; he now holds the rank of major in the army reserve corps, is married and has three children." The Sixty-Fourth Annual Convention and the Journalism Conference of the Illinois Press Association were held at the University of Illinois, October 3, 4 and 5, 1929. The chief features of the meeting were discussion of the chain store problem and con- sideration of job printing price lists and circulation audits. The convention opened Thursday morning with registration of visiting delegates at the Union building on the University campus. Members were given an opportunity to play golf on the University course after registration. G. C. Terry, Polo Tri-County Press, was chairman of the committee in charge of arrangements. Other members of the committee were Paul R. Goddard, Tazewell County Reporter, Washington; Charles Bent, Jr., Morrison Whiteside Sentinel; and J. F. Wright, University of Illinois. Eight Illinois editors — D. W. Barkley, Simeon Francis, W. O. Davis, Melville E. Stone, John W. Clinton, Edward W. Scripps, John W. Bailey and Henry M. Pindell were elected to the Editors' Hall of Fame at the committee luncheon-meeting Thursday noon. The four Illinois editors who had already been elected to the Hall of Fame and of whom busts were being made were Elijah Parish Lovejoy, Joseph Medill, Victor F. Lawson and Henry Wilson Clendenin. The bust of Lovejoy had been completed by Oskar J. W. Hansen, Chicago sculptor, and shipped to the University of Illinois school of journalism where the Hall of Fame was to be placed. 288 Illinois Newspaper Diri < tory and History The opening session was held in the Union building. After the invocation con- vention songs were in order. President C. S. Conger, White County Democrat, Carmi, presented his address. The main address of the Thursday afternoon program was given by George B. Dolliver, publisher of the Battle Creek (Michigan) Moon-Journal and vice president of the National Editorial Association. Speaking of early davs and the press, he said: "The thing that stands out vividly in my memory is that a large percentage of country editors then present (30 years ago) looked as if they were just one step ahead of the poorhouse. They dressed shabbily, they talked shabbily and, as I learned, they ran their business shabbily. "Today you can't tell a country editor when you see one. He dresses well, pays as he goes, and talks intelligently on cost accounting, advertising commissions, standard- ized job prices. He has a modern, and often a model plant, with up-to-date equipment, and his weekly paper shames the city daily in style, make-up and influence." Dolliver advised editors to "build better newspapers" if they would increase circu- lation. Organizations like the Illinois Press Association and the N.E.A. are largely responsible for the transition taking place in country journalism, Dolliver said. He explained the part which his organization had taken in lowering postal rates, fighting government envelope printing, and watching legislative activities detrimental to the press, as well as the services maintained for the use of N.E.A. members. C. W. Hinton of the Iroquois County Times, Watseka, spoke briefly upon the benefits derived from N.E.A. membership, condemning the insincerity of editors who boast co-operation and organization in their own communities and yet refuse to join their own association. A rapid-fire discussion of circulation problems concluded the afternoon session. Lieutenant-Governor Fred E. Sterling, Rockford Register-Gazette, opened the series of talks. He recommended careful analysis of the paper's news field. Local names and illustrations used profusely, were praised by the lieutenant-governor as sure circulation builders. He further advised close contact between department heads and readers; intelligent, smiling and trained carrier boys, prizes to carriers and new subscribers, and localized editorial columns as valuable aids to increasing circulation. Lucien File, Chester Herald-Tribune, explained how his father's paper took advan- tage of the human race's inherent laziness in building up a circulation list. He outlined a system whereby letters were sent to subscribers, making renewals easy. By means of promotional advertising in his own paper, direct mail literature, bill boards, motion picture slides and personal solicitation, File declared that the Herald-Tribune had been sold to all but five farmers on rural routes out of Chester. These five subscribers could not read English, File stated. Cash in advance and accurate circulation records were advocated as aids to healthy circulation building by C. R. Denson, editor of the Minonk News-Dispatch. Mr. Denson explained that his paper had followed the policy of cash in advance for subscriptions since 1927 and found it an important factor in promoting profitable circulation. News-stand sales for weekly papers were recommended bv Howe V. Morgan, Sparta News-Plaindealer, who told how he added more than three hundred to his circulation each week by this method. Mr. Morgan urged his fellow editors to pay more attention to the news tastes of women readers. H. B. Smith, Newman Independent, gave as his recipe for circulation building the featuring of local news and women's interests, fairness in editorial comment, and a clean news policy. He opposed circulation building campaigns that included the awarding of premiums. 289 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Dr. David Kinley, president of the University of Illinois, scheduled to speak at the Friday evening banquet, appeared instead on the Thursday afternoon program. Dr. Kinley was unable to be present at the banquet because of another engagement. Theta Sigma Phi entertained the visiting ladies at tea on Thursday afternoon. Theatre parties followed the" tea. The Past Presidents' Association held its annual dinner Thursday evening at the Southern Tea Room on the University campus. Letters of regret from past presidents unable to attend were read by Charles M. Bradshaw of the Carrollton Patriot, president of the group of veteran newspaper men. The fraternal spirit and humor usually prevalent among a group of newspaper men dominated the past presidents' short reminiscent talks. Each member present was called upon to speak by J. E. McClure, Carlinville Democrat. J. M. Page, Jerseyville Jersey County Democrat, was elected president of the organization for the ensuing year. J. E. McClure was chosen vice president, and S. P. Preston, Gillespie News, secretary. Present at the dinner meeting were: Mr. and Mrs. Charles M. Bradshaw, Carrollton Patriot; Mr. and Mrs. C. S. Conger, White County Democrat, Carmi; Mr. and Mrs. Albert H. Gravenhorst, Effingham County Review, Effingham; Mr. and Mrs. S. P. Preston, Gillespie News; Mr. and Mrs. H. E. Bell, White Hall Register-Republican; Mr. and Mrs. W. W. Loomis, LaGrange Citizen; Mr. and Mrs. Paul R. Goddard, Taze- well County Reporter, Washington; Mr. and Mrs. J. M. Sheets, Oblong Oracle; Mr. John H. Harrison, Danville Commercial-News; Mr. and Mrs. H. U. Bailey, Bureau County Republican, Princeton; Eugene L'Hote, Milford Herald; and T- E. McClure, Carlinville Democrat. Friday evening the visiting editors and their companions were conducted on a tour of the campus by J. F. Wright of the University. The tour started with a trip through the new materials testing laboratory where they saw the testing machines, which are used in some of the country's most outstanding engineering work. At the chemistry building Professor A. M. Buswell displayed the laboratory equip- ment for the manufacture of methane gas from cornstalks, and slides of a miniature commercial equipment. The group then went to the dairy salesroom for refreshments and Professor H. A. Ruehe explained that the salesroom was one of the methods used to distribute the surplus products. Flood lights were thrown on Lorado Taft's Alma Mater statuary group during the evening for the benefit of the visitors. The tour was concluded with a stop at the new architecture building, where the delegates visited the galleries and the hall of casts. Harry B. Potter of the Marshall Herald opened the Friday morning meeting of the convention with a talk on "How Modern Equipment Pays." Following this, Paul R. Goddard, Tazewell County Reporter, Washington, outlined a program for standard job prices. A committee report, which Mr. Goddard had presented to the National Editorial Association at its recent convention in Cheyenne, was discussed. Copies of this report were distributed among the delegates. "Increased wages mean a reduction of costs in any business," Floyd A. Allen, assist- ant to the president of General Motors corporation, told the editors in his talk on "The Trends and Policies in Modern Business." "The first thing we thought of when we were in a tight place was to cut the payroll. Now we believe that we should increase the wages, operate on a high payroll, which will make low costs for us." "Not that we are philanthropists, but we find that it pays us to pay well. The low selling price, made possible by low costs, stimulates sales, coupled of course with Illinois Ni wspapi r Directory and History extensive advertising campaigns," he said. He told the association that General Motors advertised in 6,100 of the 11,000 newspapers in the country, spending $35,000,000 annually. A pioneer in circulation audits for country newspapers, Ole Buck of Lincoln, Nebraska, secretary of the Nebraska Press Association, told the association of the work he had been doing for eighty-seven papers in Nebraska. "In February, 1927," he said, "the Nebraska Press Association took formal action with regard to the adoption of a standard form of audit and report for country news- papers." Mr. Buck was named to take charge of the work. Starting out with the audit of ten newspapers, Mr. Buck's plan was so successful that eighty-seven papers, or twenty-five per cent of the total number of papers in Nebraska, within two years, were using the standard form of audit that Mr. Buck adapted. The audit secured pertinent facts for advertisers, such as the population, total number of farms, value of the farms, and the various outlets for advertisers, the number of automobile shops, bakeries, etc. Following Mr. Buck's talk, Stewart Pettigrew of the Amboy News started out the first of the five-minute talks on "Advertising I Nearly Missed." He said that when an agency asks for a bigger commission than is given to other agencies, the paper should stand firm — and nine times out of ten the agency will come through with the order on the paper's original commission percentage. Mrs. Allyne V. Carpenter of the Lincoln Courier told how she built up interest in her paper, and subsequently advertising, by staging a contest and by having church groups in the town send in personal news items. Charles B. Mead of the Geneva Republican said that if a paper will print news it will get ads. The essential thing, he said, is to get people interested in the paper by being honest with the news and the advertising. J. E. McClure of the Carlinville Democrat said that the way to build up adver- tising is "to develop a paper that all will read, to hire a man to write ads. and to assist the advertiser at all times." Andrew R. Sherriff of Chicago, chairman of the American Bar Association com- mittee on co-operation of the press and bar, began the principal speech of the Friday afternoon program by observing that instances of assault by the newspapers upon the courts, and of retribution by the judges upon the editors, are now much less violent or vexatious than in ages passed. "There can be no question that high-minded and thoughtful editors, competent and discreet judges, are in the majority. If all of them were thus qualified, there would be little or no friction between them," the speaker stated, in discussing "Newspapers and the Courts." The articulating and enforcing of the Golden Rule is the special, inherent function of the courts, and it is to this end that all justice should be directed, the speaker brought out. The selection of a competent judge is the first duty of the newspaper. "When a judge is revealed to be unfit for his office, it is the duty of the press, as of all loyal citizens, to pursue proper measures for unseating him," Mr. Sherriff said. Turning to the treatment of court stories by newspapers whose only de-ire seems to be to gain circulation through an appeal to the emotions of the average individual by vulgar, sensationally-styled stories, Sherriff said: "It is in treating court stories just as any other incident would be treated, on the street car or in any other common place — it is in the lack of respectful discrimination for the sanctuary of justice, the judicial institution and parties concerned — that the newspapers degrade the court. 291 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "If the judges were more concerned to protect the dignity and processes of the judicial institution they could easily regulate the newspapers in their courts, and get their co-operation," the speaker said. In his closing statement Mr. Sherriff brought out a recent bar association statement formulated as a concise guide for reporters — "a newspaper reporter may, truthfully, fairly, accurately, objectively, write down and describe in words for publication, every physical fact he sees and hears in or about the proceedings." Illinois editors were asked to sell the idea of fire prevention to the people of their communities by J. Ellis Mann, manager of the Mill Mutuals Agency, St. Louis, Missouri. "Fire loss in this country for several years has averaged one million dollars per day," Mr. Mann said. "That figure does not cover fires which are not covered by insurance. Economic loss of property in this country will easily run into two million dollars a day." Terming newspaper editors "the greatest salesmen in the world today," Mann urged the delegates to insist that their cities procure adequate water facilities and fire-fighting equipment. Sidney Carter, manager of the Merchants Service Bureau, St. Louis, Missouri, told how editors and publishers could co-operate with advertising merchants. He asked them to make an active study of the peculiar local problem of their merchants and with this in mind to sell them their advertising and help them in their business. "The merchant of today is becoming more broad-minded than he was several years ago, Mr. Carter explained. "He has modern ideas and the greater scope of adver- tising is open to him. It costs money to get business today, and only by a fixed schedule of advertising appropriations can the modern competitive business houses succeed." Following Mr. Carter's speech, C. R. Frederick, editor of the Daily Illini, Univer- sity of Illinois student paper, spoke before the journalists on "Why I Took Up Jour- nalism." He described the peculiar hold newspaper work seems to get on a man that ties him to his work. "The great field for personal achievement and distinction lies open to young men entering journalism," he said, "and if one is not afraid of hard work and has any ability he can work his way to a position of importance." A. L. Bowen of Springfield started out the "some-fun-with-the-news-story" talks with a reference to Al Capone and his disdain for newspapers. "Nothing is as old and dead as yesterday's paper," was a favorite saying of Capone, and that probably is true, Mr. Bowen said. S. P. Preston of the Gillespie News was the second speaker in the group, and the last for the day. He told a story of the mayor of a town in which he had been editor of the newspaper, a mayor stooping to the lowest political practice, unscrupulous, and a fighter. The annual association banquet was held as the closing event of Friday's convention session. C. S. Conger, retiring president of the association, presented as toastmaster Past President John M. Sheets, Oblong Oracle. Mr. Sheets in turn introduced two dis- tinguished guests in attendance, John H. Harrison, Danville publisher and public-spirited citizen, and State Senator Harry G. Wright. Two of the speakers, Thomas Wallace, chief editorial writer of the Louisville Times and associate of the late Colonel Henry Watterson, and Walter A. Strong, pub- lisher of the Chicago Daily News, sounded a hopeful note for contemporary journalism and exploded the "golden age of journalism" myth. Mr. Wallace, the first speaker on the banquet program, was then a member of the board of directors of the American Society of Newspaper Editors and one of the group which was continuing a fight for an expulsion rule in the society. The membership Illinois Newspaper Directory and History had voted against the expulsion rule at its seventh annual meeting in Washington in April, 1929. "The A. S. N. E. might as well disband if it should decide finally not to adopt procedure by which members guilty of misconduct in their calling would be expelled," he told the state newspaper men. Wallace denied that the editorial page had declined in power. "People who look upon the past as a golden age always speak, of the newspaper giants who molded all public opinion," he said. Wallace deplored the fact that journalism has no regularly established means for passing on the educational standing of men who enter it and work up to its responsible positions. He recommended at least a system of minimum requirements for admission. Walter A. Strong, in his address on "Civic Welfare and the Press," said: "The press of the country does not consist of the great metropolitan newspapers but the myriads of weekly and daily papers in smaller towns." "We live in an economic age and face problems that require business develop- ment," he declared. "The press of the city today is devoting itself to service by becom- ing better established and more independent through its greater opportunity to secure wealth and stability." Strong expressed the hope that there would be more idealism in the newspaper business of the future. Mrs. George Thomas Palmer, chief of the division of probation in the state depart- ment of public welfare, appealed to newspaper men to help educate the public to the value of probation in disciplining and reforming those criminal offenders who can be kept out of prison. Chain stores and their problems furnished the chief topic for discussion at the Saturday morning session. George J. Schulte, St. Louis, general manager of the Interstate Grocer, voiced disapproval of the chain store in his address on "The Chain Store Problem." "The chain store is not an economic trend, as many seem to feel," declared Mr. Schulte. "The chain store prospers solely and wholely because of its ability to mooch on someone else. "The chain store forces long hours of toil for managers and employers. It does not shoulder any responsibility in community life. It takes the money made out of the city, sending it to headquarters, therefore no benefit is received from it in the local community." He spoke of the charge that the chain store is based on misrepresentation, fraud and crookedness. One of the principal points the chain store advocates is cheap help at low wages. Also some of them short weight customers, as well as short change them, and indulge in general crooked practices. He accused many of advertising at one price and selling at another, also, the man- agers of placing items on a customer's bill which were not delivered to the customer. He said that he knew one chain store manager who sold one can of peaches 5 32 times, by having it placed on the counter, and charging it in with other items sold in the grocery line, but of course not delivering it. Accusation was made of the chain stores selecting automatons instead of intelligent individuals for the managers and helpers; also of paying unfair taxes in the community. "Chain stores are owned by absentee corporations which have no interest in the community. Long hours and low wages are not conducive to promoting the highest type of citizenship," he said. 293 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "Chain stores are union stores," said S. P. Preston, Gillespie News, following Mr. Schulte's talk. "Therefore, they have union hours for employees. They hire home people, and they are the biggest advertisers. I receive from $70 to $80 in advertising in a month from the chain stores but I have not received $80 from a home-owned grocery store in the last five years." "The chain stores are taking money out of town. Yes, but so are the public utility companies." "In Danville," stated John H. Harrison, "the chain stores forced the home-owned stores to improve conditions in their own stores, and to doll up." He advocated chain- store development. Homer B. Clemmons, Blue Island Sun-Standard, advocated the use of one-third of one per cent of profits to be turned over for community welfare. "If all of the chain stores adopted a like policy there would be turned over by the chain-store corporations a total of from 20 to 3 5 million dollars, annually." George Chapin, secretary of the Urbana Association of Commerce, declared that the chain stores were increasing local bank prosperity, which will in turn be the means of greatly increasing advertising in the future. Elmo Scott Watson, Publisher's Auxiliary, Chicago, declared that he was for the chain stores when they forced the local home-owned store to be up-to-date and to advertise. L. M. Wood, editor of the Flora Journal-Record, stated that the chain store is a scientific method of modern merchandising. "The local merchants must wake up and get a real system of advertising, before they can expect to compete with the chain store," he said. He advised the merchants to find out what was going on in their home towns before howling about the chain store. The Illinois Press Association went on record as favoring an Audit Bureau of Circulations for all newspapers, and recommend that the president appoint a committee to investigate the situation and report its findings at the next meeting. Professor Lawrence W. Murphy, director of the School of Journalism, was honored by the convention, when a resolution was drawn up by the editors complimenting him on his efforts in "bringing about the desired results in the School of Journalism at the University of Illinois being recognized as one of the best schools of its kind in the country." The convention also resolved that a committee be appointed to study fire insurance and its prevailing conditions and report to the next meeting; also it extended appreciation for the tea, theatre party and entertainment. Two new members on the Hall of Fame committee were named: A. L. Bowen of Springfield to succeed himself, and A. A. Raboin, Chatsworth Plaindealer, to succeed J. E. Dertinger, president of the association. The new officers of the association were: President, J. E. Dertinger, Bushnell Rec- ord; Vice Presidents, Howe V. Morgan, Sparta News-Plaindealer, also president of the Southern Illinois Editorial Association; Gerry D. Scott, Wyoming Post-Herald; W. C. Fairweather, McLeansboro Times; Secretary, H. L. Williamson, United States Publisher, Springfield; Treasurer, C. R. Denson, Minonk News-Dispatch; Executive committee, S. P. Preston, Gillespie News; John H. Harrison, Danville Commercial-News; John M. Sheets, Oblong Oracle; Paul R. Goddard, Washington Reporter; C. S. Conger, White County Democrat, Carmi. Awards given in the state newspaper contest were as follows: Dailies published in cities between 50,000 and 100,000 population: first, Rockford Morning Star; second, Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Decatur Daily Review; third, Decatur Herald. Honorable mention: Peoria Journal; East St. Louis Daily Journal. Community Dailies. Class A (dailies published in cities between 2 5,000 and J 0,000 population) first, Daily Pantagraph, Bloomingion; second, Daily Dispatch, Moline; third, Daily Beacon-News, Aurora. Honorable mention: Danville Commercial-News, Wau- kegan Daily Sun. Class B. (population 10,000 to 25,000). First, Kewanee Star-Courier; second, Ster- ling Daily Gazette; third, Centralia Sentinel. Honorable mention: Dixon Evening Telegraph, Jacksonville Courier; Canton Daily Ledger, Taylorville Daily Breeze. Class C. (population under 10,000). First, Beacon-News, Paris; second, Register, Harrisburg; third, Record, Lawrenceville. Honorable mention: Litchfield News-FIerald. Macoupin County Enquirer. Weeklies: Class A. (population more than 3,000). First, Harvard Herald; second, LaGrange Citizen; third, Sparta News-Plaindealer. Honorable mention: Crystal Lake Herald; Elmhurst Press; Lombard Press; Cook County Herald; Jersey County News; Labor News, Rockford. Class B. (population 1,000 to 3,000). First, Lacon Home Journal; second, Tri- County Press, Polo; third, Times-Record, Aledo. Honorable mention: Iroquois County Times, Watseka; Barry Adage; Greater Niles Center News; Gibson Courier; Geneva Republican; Hancock County Journal, Carthage; Chester Herald-Tribune; Hamilton Press; Pike County Times, Pittsfield; Carmi Tribune-Times; Pike County Republican, Pittsfield. Class C (population under 1,000). First, Metamora Herald; second, Villa Park News; third, Milan Independent. Honorable mention: Bunker Hill Gazette-News; Stronghurst Graphic; Somonauk Reveille; Cullom Chronicle; Raritan Reporter (popu- lation 250, 5/2 miles from railroad); Broadlands News (population 450); Baylis Guide (population 388); Davis Leader (population 337). Tabloid or Magazine Form Weeklies. First, Onarga Leader and Review; second, Maywoodian and May wood Herald (tied) ; third, Bellwood Star. Professor R. R. Barlow of the School of Journalism, who judged the papers, gave the following interview to the United States Publisher which appeared in the issue of October 1929: "I tried to judge the newspapers on the basis, partly at least, of the editor's oppor- tunity in his town, and I must confess that in my own mind some of the papers in classes representing smaller towns were better than those in larger classes." Mr. Barlow did not favor "scoring" newspapers by the percentage or point system. "What I did was to study them for content, character and quality of news, news dis- play, advertising volume, typography and display, editorials, etc. In weeklies I confess I am a partisan of some kind of editorial leadership, and I looked for local editorials written with a mission, and not to put the reader to sleep. "I trust I have not aroused some editor's ire by failing to recognize the excellence of certain departments of his paper. "I would suggest that separate judges be named for dailies and weeklies, and that they make a written report to the convention calling attention to the good and the bad things they think newspapers in the state are doing. Such a report would arouse much discussion, perhaps, and might give competing editors something more tangible than the present system." Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Chapter XII A Tribute To Illustrious Men 1930 The mid-winter meeting of the Illinois Press Association was held at the Hotel Sherman, Chicago, on February 20, 21 and 22. President J. E. Dertinger, Bushnell Record, presided. Thursday's sessions were devoted to the problems of dailies, and were presided over by John R. Fornoff, Streator Times-Press. "What Can and Should an Editor Read?" was the subject of an able discussion by Warren F. Hardy, editor of the Decatur Herald. The reading of history will humanize editorials, said the speaker; psychology is necessary to an understanding of human conduct. Sociology headed the classification of good reading matter for the editor, and Mr. Hardy especially commended "Middletown," characterizing it as the best thing that a newspaper person could read. The reading of denominational religious papers was advocated by the Decatur editor, who recommended that the press should not avoid religious discussions. American newspapers are more than twenty years behind the average layman, he said, and thirty years behind the pulpit. So much interest was evidenced in the discussion that Mr. Hardy was made chair- man of a committee to make up a list of recommended reading for newspaper workers. David V. Felts, columnist and editorial writer of the Illinois State Journal, Spring- field, gave his subject, "The Eight Spots of Interest on the Front Page," a broader interpretation than mere physical position, and made it rather a discussion of the kind of news that deserves to be played up by giving it front-page prominence The selection of such news he labelled a controversial matter, and also called attention to the fact that it is easy to bury a story on the first page, and mentioned the upper middle of the page as being an easy position to overlook. Mr. Felts said that in his opinion, front-page material is to be found in the follow- ing: a column, such as that of David Lawrence, or a special news service; telegraph news; local news, at least one human interest story, weather (always news), index, and art. In the discussion that followed the address the matter of using trick typography to offset weak position or to give prominence to a story of little intrinsic value proved of interest. The use of art on the front page and the matter of size when used was discussed. Mr. Felts referred to the fact that his paper regularly used a single-column cut as a matter of make-up. In other cases he pointed out the news value of the story itself warranted its use. Opinion as to the value of an index in small paper was divided. The human interest story on the front page, it was agreed, should always be short and should be played up typographically. L. O. Trigg, Eldorado Journal, based his talk, "The Relation of the Daily to the Weekly," on his recent experience in changing from weekly to daily publication. Mr. Trigg emphasized the more complex and definite organization demanded by the daily, and declared that he found that once such an organization is secured the pub- lisher is far freer from routine duties than he is under the more centralized responsibility of the weekly publisher. 296 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History The speaker declared that when local conditions warrant the change, there are many advantages that accrue to the daily. Among these he mentioned increased reader interest, due to the fact that news can be served by the daih while fresh, more local advertising which he credited to the fact that a merchant may follow up his plans immediately by advertising in the daily, and more consideration from national adver- tisers. Especially noteworthy is the fact that Mr. Trigg is making a success of a daily with daily competition within eight miles of his town. E. A. Chappell of the Iowa City Press-Citizen presented the question, "What Is News and What Is Advertising?" He launched his discussion with the premise that news is facts about people and advertising printed salesmanship. In a most interesting narrative style he cited illustrations of how advertising in the guise of news finds its way into the news columns and in the course of his discussion broke down the definitions with which he started. He thus demonstrated the difficulty of making definitions, and expressed the opinion that after all the problem was an individual one. The rule that seemed to find most general acceptance was that a charge should be made for anything from which the person or organization desiring the publicity expected to profit. One of the livest discussions of the entire meeting followed the address of Charles M. Eichenauer of the Quincy Herald-Whig on "Editorial Policy." He presented his subject by the case method. Sheets on which were printed ten specific problems of editorial policy were distributed and discussion invited. The response was gratifying. The three questions quoted will illustrate: Should a newspaper create or should it reflect public opinion? What considerations, if any, warrant a newspaper in a policy of neu- trality on local issues or in local elections? Should a newspaper give as much space and equal display to news events tending to oppose as it does to those tending to support the viewpoint held by the newspaper? The speaker was open-minded on a number of the questions that he propounded, but on the question of editorializing in the news columns, he was very positive that such a practice was unjustified and unethical. Statements of opinion he felt were allowed nowhere but in the editorial column, in the policy cartoon and in the signed stories of a special writer when he is plainly giving views. News columns he maintained should be kept strictly for news. The organization and purposes of "Egypt's Associated Dailies" were explained by Oldham Paisley of the Marion Republican. This organization was made up of thirteen dailies in the southern part of the state, whose proximitv to St. Louis gives them a peculiar merchandising problem. Their purpose was to sell national advertisers and the agencies representing them on the idea that a complete coverage of the territory known as "Egypt" could not be had through media other than the local newspapers. C. W. Orcutt of the Bloomington Pantagraph proved himself peculiarly fitted to discuss the subject "The Newspaper and Its Relation to the Community," as the Panta- graph, of which he is managing editor, was a leader in sponsoring community projects. Mr. Orcutt named and briefly discussed some twenty-two such enterprises. He expressed the belief that projects in which the newspaper takes a position of leadership and makes closer the relationship existing between the paper and its readers are an expression of the new era of individualism in journalism in which each paper takes from the communitv which it serves the peculiar characteristics which distinguish it from every other paper. Friday morning the editors enjoyed a tour to the Field Museum. N F. Purcell of the Wenona Index started off the afternoon program with "How to Make the Press Association More Helpful." He recommended that meetings should be conducted along departmental lines and that the organization should inspire members to stand by their cost sheets. 297 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History He decried the weakness of some newspaper publishers who allowed their adver- tisers to bully them into lower rates and said that fear was the bogey which influ- enced them. S. P. Preston, Gillespie News, couched in humorous verbiage a serious plea for programs of a practical nature under the title of "More Business and Less Hot Air." He voiced a demand for talks from men who are engaged in the newspaper business, and insisted that the membership of the association was interested in learning how to reach a certain point in the shortest space of time. The inroad of radio advertising upon newspaper linage was the subject of a lively discussion led by A. E. Potts, Woodford County Journal, Eureka. Relative rates and results of the two media, the question of whether radio broadcasting stations were charged a differential between news and advertising matter such as newspapers pay for mailing, and publication of radio programs were phases of the discussion. A constructive suggestion that developed out of the symposium was that local dealers should be encour- aged to hook-up through their local newspapers with the broadcast of national advertisers. H. L. Williamson, secretary of the association and editor of the United States Publisher, discussed "Equipping the Back Shop" and gave many constructive suggestions for the general improvement of newspapers. He also sounded a warning against minimiz- ing the importance of the radio as a competitor of the newspaper. E. H. Childress of the Wayne County Press at Fairfield introduced the subject of "Co-operation in Securing Community News." Mr. Childress described the Wayne Wanderer's edition issued yearly by his paper and told how it had grown steadily in popularity and had proved a means of enhancing reader interest. Howe V. Morgan of the Sparta News-Plaindealer told how the editors of his county make a practice of keeping self-addressed, special delivery stamped envelopes on the desks of the other editors of the county. When a good story broke in the territory of one editor that was of special interest to another community, he dropped the item into the envelope addressed to the interested editor and got it in the next mail. C. W. Hinton of the Iroquois County Times, Watseka, declared that his paper found it most satisfactory to train advertising and circulation solicitors out of their own organization and that they did not employ traveling or outside advertising solicitors. He declared that he believed the practice of selling a page to an outside solicitor and permitting him to resell it for what he could get from the local merchants to be bad business, as it could do nothing more than cut down the advertising appropriation of the merchants who buy space in that way. Mr. Hinton said that they frequently found country correspondents to be quite successful as circulation solicitors in their own communities. The banquet Friday evening was presided over by President J. E. Dertinger. Dick Simpson, former Taylorville newspaper man, as song leader, did much to put the guests in a festive mood. Dr. Clyde W. Howard, pastor of the Second Presbyterian church, Chicago, pronounced the invocation. An instrumental trio from the Thornton Town- ship Junior College, composed of Miss Rowine Hayes, Burton Isaacs, and Miss Roberta Hayes, furnished musical numbers throughout the evening. Senator Arthur A. Huebsch, candidate for renomination at the April primaries, and chairman of the Illinois tax investigation commission, addressed the editors on changes in taxation which would be recommended to the next session of the state legis- lature. Senator Huebsch asked the newspaper men to co-operate in a reform of the present taxing system. To say that the entertainment feature of the evening was the Mock Election pro- duced by the Honorable Edmund K. Jarecki, judge of the county court of Cook county, 298 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History and presented by a cast of some twenty-five characters, is inadequate. Undoubtedly many who were aware of the educational value of the presentation, were surprised to find that instruction could be so highly entertaining, and those who expected enter- tainment were surprised to learn so much about the election laws of Illinois, their strong points and their inconsistencies. The Mock Election was one of the worth-while features of the three-day meeting. R. E. Patterson of the Washburn Leader was unable to be present Saturday, and his paper on "Specializing in Local News" was read by George Cramer of the Peoria Daily Record. C. S. Conger, Carmi Democrat-Tribune, past president of the Association, launched into a protest against the subject assigned him, "Chinnooks and Static from Egypt," as implying the necessity for an apology for his section of the state, which the audienc? soon learned was a land of bosky dells and lilting nightingales. Mr. Conger proceeded from this humorous introduction into a recital of how a consolidation of papers of opposing political faiths was effected by himself and his partner, Roy Clippinger. Mr. Conger said that their present capitalization was based on an appraisal by an expert, and that the appraisal had resulted in the discovery of several thousands of dollars in property that they had disregarded. "Uncle" Charley Mead took his audience back over the years of weekly news- paper development as he discussed "Some Problems of the Weekly Newspaper." John Udell of the Highland Park Press led a discussion of "National Advertising." "When we cut down the free publicity and push up the cost of getting it, we will get more paid advertising," said Walter H. Gillan of the Mackinaw Enterprise-Gazette, who spoke on "Free Publicity." Miss Ruth Ducey, city editor of the Harvard Herald, had a large topic assigned her, perhaps the largest in a most comprehensive program. She was invited to speak on "Front Page Make-up for Weekly Papers and How to Win First Prize at the University of Illinois Annual Newspaper Contest." Miss Ducey pleaded an important engagement and fled after distributing current copies of the prize-winning weekly which she helped to direct, and a neatly-printed sheet headed "Merely Suggestions." But for all her modesty, Miss Ducey did not get off without answering a nice assortment of questions put to her by the interested editors of other weekly newspapers. James A. Nowlan, Stark County News, Toulon, as leader of a round table on subjects not mentioned in the program, called upon G. Wiley Beveridge of the Lacon Home Journal to give his experience with paid-in-advance subscriptions. Mr. Nowlan introduced the subject of publication of financial statements by fiscal officers and called on W. W. Loomis of LaGrange for discussion. That discussion led to action in form of a motion which was referred to the executive committee, who were directed to take the necessary steps to bring to trial a fiscal officer within the state who has been negligent in the matter of publishing such reports. It was decided that the state's attorneys of the various counties should be advised of the action taken in regard to publication of financial statements. Paul R. Goddard of the Tazewell County Reporter, Washington, with his address "Publicity Department of the Association," launched a movement for a state publicity bureau, an auxiliary of the Illinois Press Association, that should not only pass upon all matters of publicity and news but also undertake the management of publicity cam- paigns for public and private interests desiring that kind of advertising. A committee headed by Mr. Goddard was appointed by President Dertinger to make a thorough study of the proposition and report at the October meeting of the Association to be held at Urbana. Other members of the committee named were: C. R. Denson, Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Minonk News-Dispatch; Roy Clippinger, Carmi Democrat-Tribune; Gerry Scott, Wyo- ming Post-Herald. W. W. Loomis of the LaGrange Citizen, president of the Citizen Publishing Com- pany, which publishes thirteen community newspapers in Northern Illinois at the time, led a discussion of free-circulation papers, which he characterized as a "shake-down proposition to get advertising." This kind of competition seemed to be especially strong in the Chicago district. The discussion brought out the fact that such publications usually got out large issues for three or four weeks until advertising contracts were secured, and then cut down to the very minimum that they dared, making sure, of course, that no advertiser was dropped from the mailing list. Secretary H. L. Williamson suggested that a special committee be appointed to investigate and see if something could be done to improve the situation. James A. Now- lan, Stark County News, Toulon, was named chairman of this committee. Others appointed to it were: G. C. Terry, Tri-County Press, Polo; G. V. Petit, Reynolds Press; Ralph J. Dean, Ashton Gazette; and John Udell, Highland Park. The matter of permitting a free-circulation paper to carry the insignia of the Illi- nois Press Association at its masthead was brought up and was referred to the attention of the committee. The resolution committee composed of S. P. Preston, Paul R. Goddard, J. M. Sheets and C. S. Conger wrote into the record of the Association thanks to the management of the Hotel Sherman, the Studebaker Theatre and the Field Museum, Balaban & Katz, and R.K.O. theatres for the many courtesies extended during the convention. An appreciation of the untiring efforts of Senator A. S. Cuthbertson, Bunker Hill, for the timely assistance and untiring labor in behalf of the legislative program of the association was also recorded. A resolution in regard to the retirement of President David Kinley of the University read: "That the Illinois Press Association deeply deplores the retirement of President Kinley of the University of Illinois, as he was one of the greatest university presidents in the United States, and wishes for him many years of continued happiness and pros- perity." The railroad companies who offered advertising to association members to the amount of transportation were thanked. The address of S. P. Preston, Gillespie News, who spoke before the Illinois State Medical Association as a representative of the Illinois Press Association was quoted in the United States Publisher of June, 1930. Mr. Preston told the doctors that they were too modest about giving credit where it is due to individual physicians. He also said: "It has been charged that the newspapers of the state foster and encourage these medical shysters because they advertise in the newspapers. This statement is absolutely untrue. No newspaper man in the state will knowingly advertise a shyster or a quack, but on investigation we have found that a majority of these quacks and shysters are carrying around with them a license granted by the medical examining board of this state, and if there is to be any blame attached it must rest upon the shoulders of the examining board of this state, and not on the shoulders of the editors of Illinois. I will give you my word of honor as the chairman of the executive board of the State Press Association, that if you will furnish us a list of those quacks, if you will take away their license to practice, that they cannot secure one line of advertising in the news- papers of your state. Is that fair? If so, it is up to you to get busy and we will do our part. 300 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "There is another thing that we want to make clear to you gentlemen today and that is our attitude toward the advertising of patent medicines. We hold no b r ief for any patent medicine on the market; we, as editors, have no use for the so-called 'cure- all.' We know and you know that medical science has never discovered any preparation that will cure everything. We are opposed to that line of medicine. But, gentlemen, upon investigation we believe that we are safe in the statement that behind every bottle of patent medicine that is sold stands the name of some doctor who is practicing med- icine or was practicing medicine up to the time of his death under a license granted him by the medical examining board of some state. Can you then lay the blame for these medicines on the shoulders of the editors of the country. We think not. Now, if you are in earnest in wanting to rid the country of quacks and imposters, if you want the people to know that they are being gulled, come out from under the mask of your ethics that conceals the real man, come out in the broad open light of dav — see that the licens»s to practice issued to these quacks are revoked and tell the people where they can find the doctor or specialist that can do them good, and the newspaper men of the country will meet you with open arms and the things that vou complain of will be a thing of th~ past and honesty will be the watch-word of the medical profession of this counfy." Mr. Preston closed with this plea for better understanding: "If each of us could clearly see, And with an inner sight divine. The meaning of your heart and mine, I think that we would differ less And clasp our hands in friendliness. Our thoughts would pleasantly agree If I knew you, and you knew me." The death of two past presidents of the Illinois Press Association was announced in the United States Publisher of March, 1930. The first was that of John H. Harrison, editor and publisher of the Dinville Corrmercial-News, prominent in state republican politics for many years, who died Much 2 in Miami Beach, Florida. Mr. Harrison was later elected to the Editors' Hill of Fame. He began his career as office boy in his father's newspaper office. When he was graduated from DePauw university he went to work for the old Indianapolis Sentinel and later worked on various Chicago papers. Then he served as press agent for circuses, racing associations and theater companies and finally bought the old Evening Commercial in Danville. This paper later absorbed the Morning News and in 1927 the Morning Press. He raised the circulation of the Commercial-News from 900 to more than 25,000. In later years Mr. Harrison expanded his interests to include coal mining, theaters, and a hotel in Danville and many philanthropies. He also became a political power in eastern Illinois and held several offices. More than 2,000 persons including men from all parts of the state of Illinois gathered in Danville, Thursday, March 6, for the funeral. The second death was that of Harry E. Bell, editor of the White Hall Register- Republican who died on Monday, March 10. Mr. Bell was widely known as a public spirited citizen and was prominent among the newspaper men of the state. He was owner of the White Hall Register for twenty-eight years. In 1927 he bought the White Hall Republican and consolidated the two papers under the name of the Register- Republican. 301 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History The Sixty-Fifth Anniversary Convention of the Illinois Press Association was held on November 20, 21 and 22, 1930 at the University of Illinois, and was broadcast in part from the University of Illinois radio station WILL. At the opening session on November 20, Howe V. Morgan, first vice-president of the association, presided in the absence of J. E. Dertinger, president, who was not able to be present for the first day of the convention because of the death of Mrs. Dertinger's mother. The first speaker, George B. Dolliver, president of the National Editorial Associa- tion, and editor of the Battle Creek (Michigan) Moon- Journal, quoted the title of his address, "The Neglected Editorial Page," and then added that he wasn't sure the editorial page was neglected. Following this remark he explained why editorial pages have changed, why editors must not stick in the same old rut and why they must attune their ears to the movements of civilization. Mr. Dolliver made the following comparison: "With due respect to the great editors of the past, the modern editor feels a deeper sense of responsibility toward his readers than was dreamed of in the days of Greeley and Dana. Their mission was to mould public opinion — to tell the world what it should do. The modern editor concedes that the world will think largely as it pleases, despite his preferred guidance. Accepting this premise, the modern editor hopes to inspire thought on the part of his readers, rather than to control it. He states his views as to what to him seems proper and commendable, but he is also interested in the reaction his opinions awaken. Where the old-time editor settled a question for good in his own mind, then he thundered forth editorially, his successor is more likely to maintain a receptive mind — to say, 'If you have a better plan, submit it and I shall pass it on to my mental laboratory.' " Bruce McCoy, business manager of the Wisconsin Press Association and instructor in journalism at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, spoke on "State Service to Newspapers." Mr. McCoy told the necessity of a financial backing of the printer before he could be of real service and advantage to his community. He explained the field manager system used in Wisconsin. Mr. McCoy was followed by Wil V. Tufrord, secretary of the Inland Daily Press Association, Clinton, Iowa, who spoke on "Postal Laws on Free Publicity, Lottery Ad- vertising and Fake Telegraph Stories." Mr. Tufford's address was based upon postal laws and regulations and brought to light many points which the members of the Illinois association were pleased to have emphasized. "The Circulation Building Campaign" was discussed by Emerson R. Purcell, Custer County Chief, Broken Bow, Nebraska, who expressed the opinion that newspapers should be grounded upon enough of a financial basis to enable them to express their own opinions independently. A discussion led by George W. Nisley of the Mendota Reporter followed Mr. Purcell's address. The final feature on the November 20th program was the announcement of winners in the State Newspaper contest conducted under the di- rection of Professor R. R. Barlow of the University of Illinois school of journalism. A list of the dailies and weeklies given a distinguished rating or honorary mention in the contest follows: Dailies: Distinguished rating: Alton Evening Telegraph, Cairo Evening Citizen, Canton Daily Ledger, Charleston Daily Courier, Chicago American, Chicago Daily News, Decatur Daily Review, Decatur Herald, Dixon Evening Telegraph, Edwardsville Intelligencer, Jacksonville Daily Journal, Moline Daily Dispatch, Murphysboro Daily Independent, Robinson Daily News, Rock Island Argus, Sterling Daily Gazette. 302 Illinois Newspaper Dirlctory and History Weeklies — Class A (population over 2500): Distinguished rating: Crystal Lake Herald, Lacon Home Journal, Libertyville Independent-Register, Polo Tri-County Press, and Mascoutah Herald. Honorable Mention: Southtown Economist, Chicago; Geneva Republican, Greenville Advocate, Maywood Herald, Nokomis Free Press-Progress, the Oak Parker, Oak Park; Salem Republican, Wheaton Progressive. Weeklies — Class B (population 1000 to 2500): Distinguished rating: Carmi Democrat-Tribune, Des Plaines Suburban Times, Elm- hurst Press, Galva News, Harvard Herald, LaGrange Citizen, Chicago Liberty Bell, Sparta News-Plaindealer. Honorable Mention: Amboy News, Areola Record-Herald, Barry Adage, Farmer City Journal, Grayville Mercury-Independent, Minonk News-Dispatch. Morrisonville Times, Morton News, Pike County Republican, Princeville Telephone, Prophetstown Echo, Rantoul Press, Tazewell County Reporter. Weeklies — Class C (population under 1000): Distinguished rating: Antioch News, Cobden Review, Metamora Herald, Strong- hurst Graphic. Honorable Mention: Clay County Republican, Louisville; Hebron Times; Kendall County Record, Yorkville; Nauvoo Independent-Rustler; Vienna Times. The evening program of the first day of the convention opened with the past presidents' dinner at which J. M. Page, Jersey County Democrat, Jerseyville, and presi- dent of the past presidents, officiated. A general round-table discussion was held by the past presidents who related many experiences of their editorial careers. New officers of the club, elected at the dinner, were M. F. Walsh of the Harvard Herald, president; W. J. Smith, Waukegan Sun, secretary; and Albert Gravenhorst, Effingham Daily Review, vice president. George B. Dolliver, Marlen E. Pew, Fred Fuller Shedd, Emerson R. Purcell, Lieutenant-Governor Fred Sterling, and N. P. Cochran, representative of the Scripps-Howard papers, were guests at the past presidents' banquet. The second day of the convention opened with an address delivered by C. A. Baum- gart, publisher of Country Newspaper Advertising, Des Moines, Iowa, on "What Do Our Advertisers Expect of Us?" This address was followed by "Advertising Repre- sentation" by Charles H. Clarke, advertising manager of the Iowa Newspapers, Inc.. of Des Moines. George H. Gallup, Ph.D., Drake University, Des Moines, deviser of the Gallup plan for determining value of news and features, spoke on the subject of "Testing Your Reader's Interest." "Looking at Local Features" was discussed by Walter T. Brown, feature editor of the Central Division of the Associated Press of Chicago, and Elmo Scott Watson, feature writer for the Western Newspaper Union and editor of the Publishers' Auxiliary, Chicago. At noon of the second day two special luncheons were served. The daily news- paper representatives, Charles F. Eichenauer, Quincy Herald-Whig, presiding, met in the Union Building Arcade and opened the program with a discussion of "What Is a Well-Balanced Editorial Page?" led by John R. Fornoff, Streator Times-Press. Another discussion of "The Press and Its Relation to the Chicago-Downstate Problem," led by- Lester Filson, Joliet Herald-News, preceded the address on "Illinois Election Laws— Do They Need Changing?" delivered by Harris Dante, secretary of the Illinois Commission on Election Laws. At the same time a meeting of the Illinois Select Weeklies was held at the Southern Tea Room, Urbana, Illinois, Mr. Paul R. Goddard, Tazewell County Reporter, Wash- ington, presiding. This association comprised seventy-two counties and had seven mem- bers on the executive committee. 303 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History A plan was discussed to make the Illinois Select Weeklies a permanent organization. A representative was to be selected for the organization, to have offices at 30 North LaSalle, Room 720, Chicago, and was to be given a IS', commission for securing advertising business for the newspapers belonging to this group. The representative was to pay his own expenses^ This plan would not interfere with any plan or contracts which the newspapers now have, but would mean that the newspapers would pay a 15% commission for any additional business secured for them by the representative. If an advertising agency gave the representative any business then the agency would pay the representative 15% commission. The representative would call on the different companies and try to sell for the entire list of newspapers belonging to the group but if he could not sell to the entire list he would endeavor to take a contract for any portion of the list. A motion was made by L. M. Wood of the Journal-Record, Flora, for adoption of this plan. J. E. Dertinger, Bushnell Record, seconded the motion. The motion was carried. Immediately after the special luncheon for the daily representatives and the Illinois Select Weekly members, and preceding the Editors' Hall of Fame ceremonies which were held later in the same afternoon, the third general session of the convention was called to order by Howe V. Morgan. The first number of the program was "My Experi- ence With Free Publicity" by Marlen E. Pew, editor of Editor and Publisher, New York City. Mr. Pew spoke of the menace of free publicity in the following words: "During the past five years, owing to the outrageous excesses of the ballyhoo and blatant boldness of press agents, we have witnessed reactions of resentment, sometimes even indignation, among publicists, but to all intents and purposes the public mind continues to be almost totally unaware of this menace. And this, despite some recent open scandals which were so raw and revealing that one would think that they might stir public conscience to its depths." He defined propaganda and stated that there was no safe propaganda. Propaganda, according to Mr. Pew, was a one-sided opinion of a topic from an irresponsible and concealed source. Mr. Pew's address was followed by "Challenges to Our Code of Ethics" delivered by Frank W. Scott, editor-in-chief of the D. C. Heath Publishing Company, Boston, who spoke very much in the same vein as Mr. Pew on the subject of propaganda and the recognized ethical code of the newspaper man. Dedication of The Hall of Fame At four o'clock in the afternoon of that day, November 21st, the most impressive ceremony in Association history took place, the inauguration and first unveiling of busts in the Editors' Hall of Fame. In the ceremony, the busts of eight great editors were presented to the University of Illinois by the Illinois Press Association. The pro- gram was broadcast and also recorded in talking pictures. The busts were unveiled in the darkened Auditorium of the university with public officials, prominent newspaper men of the nation, relatives of the honored men, and students and faculty of the University of Illinois witnessing the ceremony. They were unveiled by Miss Elizabeth Dertinger, daughter of J. E. Dertinger, Bushnell Record, president of the association. The names of the eight men whose busts were presented and a brief biographical sketch of each one follows: 3 04 Illinois Newspaper Diri c torv and History Great Namis and Records Yh roK Fremont Lawson "Victor Fremont Lawson was born in Chicago, September 9, 185 0, and died in Chicago, August 19, 1925. He was elected to the Hall October 12, 1928 — Election 1. He was educated at public schools and at Phillips Andover Academy. When his father died in 1873 Lawson took over management of certain property which included the plant of the Daily Skandinaven. In this plant Melville E. Stone launched the Chicago Daily News on Christmas day in 1875. After a few months Stone sold an interest in the paper to Lawson and Stone remained as editor. In 1881 the morning edition of the News was launched, to be known after a short time as the Record. When Stone left the News in 1888 Lawson became editor as well as publisher and he continued so through thirty-seven years of distinguished service to his city, country and news- paper. His importance in the establishment of the Associated Press was second only to that of Melville E. Stone and he served as president of the organization during much of the period in which Stone was manager. He received the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws from Columbia University and the University of Michigan." Joseph Meharry Medill "Joseph Meharry Medill was born at New Brunswick, Canada, April 6, 1S23, and died at San Antonio, Texas, March 16, 1899. He was elected to the Hall October 12, 1928 — Election 2. He was educated in public schools and at Massillon (Ohio) Academy. He took up the study of law, was admitted to the bar and began to practice. Journalism drew him away from the bar and he gave up his legal work to begin the study of journalism in a country newspaper plant. From 1849 to 18 54 he was engaged in newspaper work in Ohio. He then went to Chicago and became managing editor of the Chicago Tribune. From that time until his death he was active in the manage- ment and direction of Tribune policy, first as managing editor, then as editor, and finally as publisher. His control of the Tribune dated from 1874. Medill served the city of Chicago as mavor immediately after the Chicago fire. He was one of the founders of the Republican party and did much to 'bring forth Lincoln from com- parative obscurity and elect him president of the United States.' " Elijah Parish Lovejoy "Elijah Parish Lovejoy was born at Albion, Maine, November 9, 1802, and died at Alton, Illinois, November 7, 1837. He was elected to the Hall of Fame October 12, 1928 — Election 3. He was graduated at the head of his class from Waterville College, Waterville, Maine, in 1826. The following year he came we>t and taught school for a short time in St. Louis. He then became editor of a Whig paper but gave it up to return east and study theology at Princeton. He was licensed as a preacher in 1S3 3. A year later his friends induced him to start a weekly paper in St. I ouis. He undertook pub- lication of the Observer. Due to his fearless and uncompromising stand against oppres- sion of the slaves popular feeling against him was stirred up. His presses and types were destroyed. He moved to Alton, Illinois, and published the paper there for a time. He could not escape mob feeling, however, and he was shot to death trying to protect his fourth press from destruction." Henry Wilson Clendenin "Henry Wilson Clendenin was born at Schellsburg, Pennsylvania, August 1, 1838, and died at Springfield, Illinois, July 18, 1927. He was elected to the Hall October 12, 305 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History 1928 — Election 4. His public school education came to an end when he entered the office of the Burlington, Iowa, Hawkeye at the age of fifteen. In this office he worked under an editor who had been for some time a professor of English and he developed facility and power in writing under his direction. From 18 52 until his death seventy- five years later his newspaper work was interrupted only by a short term enlistment in the Union Army during the Civil War. He was for a time an executive on the Peoria Daily Transcript and for nearly fifty years editor of the Illinois State Register. From 1910 to 1927 he was partially blind but continued his editorial work as an adviser and director." David Wright Barkley "David Wright Barkley was born at Fairfield, Illinois, May 21, 1842, and died at Denver, Colorado, July 7, 1908. He was elected to the Hall October 3, 1929 — Election 5. He had little formal schooling and his education was capped by a short term at McKendree College, Lebanon, Illinois. After a brief experience in business, govern- ment positions, and publication work Barkley purchased the War Democrat of Fairfield and at the beginning of the year 1866 changed the name to the Wayne County Press. He edited the paper for twenty-two years, during which time he served his county and district in a distinguished way both as editor and public official. He was president of the board of trustees of the Methodist church in Fairfield for several years and a representative for his district in the state legislature in 1872. In 1887 he sold the Press and moved farther west. At Pueblo, Colorado, he published a monthly paper, the Cactus, and at Rocky Ford a weekly, the Rocky Ford Enterprise. He was editor of the latter publication at the time of his last illness. He died at the home of his daughter in Denver." William Osborne Davis "William Osborne Davis was born in Chester County, near Winchester, Pennsyl- vania, August 5, 1837, and died at Bloomington, Illinois, May 23, 1911. He was elected to the Hall October 3, 1929 — Election 7. He was educated at public schools, a private academy at Norristown, Pennsylvania, and a boy's school at Charlottsville, New York. At the age of twenty-one he came west and taught school for two years at Normal, Illinois. Following this he prospected in Colorado, saw service in the Civil War and returned to operate a farm near Bloomington. In 1868 he became associated with his father-in-law, Jesse W. Fell, in the Bloomington Pantagraph as business manager and started the connection that was to last for more than forty years and to affect in a notable way the conduct and standing of that paper. By 1871 he had become owner of the paper and the problem of editorial direction was his. He served as editor-publisher from that time until his death and left a stamp upon the paper which has given it leadership in the field of the community daily." Edward Wyllis Scripps "Edward Wyllis Scripps was born on a farm at Rushville, Illinois, June 18, 18 54, and died aboard his yacht off the coast of West Liberia, Africa, March 12, 1926. He was elected to the Hall October 4, 1929 — Election 11. He was the youngest of thirteen children, four of whom became famous in journalism. At the age of eighteen, he left the farm to go to Detroit, possessed of his savings of eighty dollars and long-cherished dreams of a career in journalism along original lines. There he became associated with his brothers, James E. and George H., and their sister Ellen Browning Scripps, in the founding of the Detroit News. In 1878, Edward W. Scripps left the News to start the first of his own string of newspapers, the Cleveland, Ohio, Penny Press. Then followed 306 1 1 i i Nois Newspaper Diri t roio and History others until at the time of his death there were thirty strong dailies which he had founded or acquired, and also the United Press Associations, Newspaper Enterprise Association, and several other newspaper service organizations. In 1920, he founded and endowed Science Service. Scripps retired from the management of his newspaper enterprises in 1920." Henry Means Pindell "Henry Means Pindell was born at St. Joseph, Missouri, December 23, 1860, and died at Northport Point, Michigan, August S, 1924. He was elected to the Hall Oc- tober 4, 1929 — Election 12. He was graduated from De Pauw University, Greencastle, Indiana, in 18 84 and went to work as a reporter. He became in turn editor of the Wabash, Indiana, Times, reporter on the Chicago Tribune, and city editor of the Illinois State Register, Springfield, Illinois. In 1889 Pindell moved to Peoria and founded the Peoria Herald. Later he purchased the Peoria Transcript and Peoria Times. A succession of purchases, mergers, and consolidations left him at the head of two import- ant papers in Peoria, the Transcript in the morning field, and the Journal in the evening field. Under his direction the papers became notable for their excellence and their public service. He held a number of positions of trust and declined appointment by Woodrow Wilson as ambassador to Russia" Four Others Honored Besides the eight editors whose busts were unveiled during the ceremony, four other early Illinois editors were honored, but busts of the four were not completed in time to be placed in the Hall of Fame at the time of the dedication. These four editors were: Simeon Francis "Simeon Francis was born at Wethersfield, Connecticut, May 14, 1796, and died at Portland, Oregon, October 2 5, 1872. He was elected to the Hall October 3, 1929 — Election 6. He served an apprenticeship as a printer after a few years of schooling. At the age of twenty-eight he launched his first paper at New London, Connecticut, and two years later went to Buffalo, New York, to publish the Buffalo Emporium. In 1831 he came to Illinois and with his brother, Josiah, established the Sangamo Journal at Springfield. This paper later became the Illinois State Journal and Francis continued as a co-editor until 185 5. For several years he devoted himself to the political interests of Abraham Lincoln and was active in behalf of Lincoln before and after leaving the State Journal. He left Springfield in 18 59 to go to Oregon in behalf of Lincoln. Aside from his publicity work he had only one important journalistic experience in Oregon and that was as editor of the Portland Oregonian for a short time in 1860. Francis was army paymaster from 1861 to 1870, at which time he retired." Melville Elijah Stone "Melville Elijah Stone was born at Hudson, Illinois, August 22, 1S4S, and died in New York, February 15, 1929. He was elected to the Hall October 3, 1929 — Election 8. Due to the itinerant life of his father, a preacher on an Illinois circuit. Stone's early education was irregular. It was acquired in the public schools of Nauvoo, Chicago, Kaneville, and Naperville. At sixteen Stone became a reporter on the Chicago Tribune. In 1871 he was made managing editor of the Chicago Republican and a year later effected a consolidation between the Post and the Mail. In 1875 he started the Chicago Daily News and in 1881 the Morning News. In 1892 he accepted the post of general 307 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History manager of the Associated Press of Illinois and when the Associated Press was reorgan- ized in 1900 he was chosen as general manager and served in that capacity until 1921. From 1921 until his death he held the post of counsellor. After his death he was voted the title of a founder of the Associated Press. Honorary degrees were bestowed upon Mr. Stone by Yale, Wesleyan, Columbia, Middlebury and Knox. Among nearly a score of foreign decorations given to Mr. Stone by foreign governments are those of Japan, France, Italy, Belgium, Siam, Sweden, Russia, Germany and Poland. John Waterbury Clinton "John Waterbury Clinton was born at Andes, New York, November 21, 1836, and died at Polo, Illinois, February 11, 1918. He was elected to the Hall October 3, 1929 — Election 9. He was educated in Andes and Roxbury academies in New York and after completing his studies he taught school for a time in that vicinity. He came west in 18 57 and was engaged to teach school near Polo. He taught in the neighborhood of Polo for seven years and then bought and began publishing the Polo Press, later called Ogle County Press, the Tri-County Press of today. He published this paper until 1901 when he sold the property and retired. He held a number of public offices in Polo and devoted much of his time to the welfare of his section of the state. He was widely known as an historian and when he retired in 1901 he devoted himself to collection of historical data. He was president of the Illinois Press Association in 18 84 and at that time forecast the development of professional schools of journalism." John Withnal Bailey John Withnal Bailey was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, October 15, 1830, and died at Princeton, Illinois, May 22, 1903. He was elected to the Hall October 4, 1929 — Elec- tion 10. After a few years in the common schools of Cincinnati John entered upon an apprenticeship in a job office at the age of thirteen. He became interested in writing short stories and sketches and obtained employment as a reporter on various dailies in- cluding that of his father. After experience with a Republican paper in Connersville, Indiana, the Tiffin, Ohio, Tribune, the Toledo Daily Commercial, and the Cincinnati Enquirer Bailey spent a winter in Washington as a political correspondent. His de- cision to move west came after a severe illness in 1862. He purchased the Bureau County Republican and began to build it into a great newspaper. In a short time he was forced to enlarge it though he did not make a practice of selling either advertising or subscriptions. He worked on the theory that the paper should be made worth while editorially and the business side would, to some extent, take care of itself. His efforts were rewarded by the development of the largest circulation in the country weekly field. He was a charter member and one of the first presidents of the Illinois Press Association." Announcement was made of the election of the following men to be commemorated at a later time: John H. Harrison of the Danville Commercial-News, Benjamin F. Shaw of the Dixon Telegraph and Eugene F. Baldwin of the Peoria Journal. The Program J. E. Dertinger, President, presiding. Prelude: "Hosannah," (Dubois) — Professor Russel Hancock Miles of the School of Music, University of Illinois America (one stanza) — the Audience Words of Welcome — Dean K. C. Babcock, Provost of University of Illinois 308 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History The Hall of Fame — J. E. Dertinger, president of the Illinois Press Association Presentation and Unveiling of Busts — Charles F. Eichenauer, editor of the Quincy Herald Whig; unveiling by Miss Elizabeth Dertinger Acceptance of Busts — Governor Louis L. Emmerson, member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois Selection — University Men's Glee Club Quartet Address — John H. Finlly, associate editor of the New York Times Benediction — Rev. H. Clifford Northcott, pastor First Methodist Episcopal Church, Champaign Recessional: "Festal March," (Calkin) — Professor Russel Hancock Miles of the School of Music, University of Illinois The address of Dr. John H. Finley of the New York Times, a native son of Illi- nois and former president of Knox college, is here presented in full: Historians of the Present Tense By John H. Finley in 1930 "Upon my arrival several years ago in the ancient city of Athens, I was notified that I was expected to make an address on behalf of the colleges, universities and learned societies of America, at the dedication of the Library built by American philanthropy; whereupon I set out early the next morning to consult the oracle at Delphi as to what I should say. And this was the reply that I got as I meditated amid the mighty ruins in this most impressive place that was once the center of the earth: Boast not of towers for thus did Babel boast, Nor wheels, Ixion's fate is now as then; Nor Sisyphan statistics upward roll, Before your Agamemnons, there were men. "If I had consulted the ancient oracle in preparing to speak at this meeting in pre-dedication of .1 building devoted to journalism, I should doubtless have got much the same answer, telling me that there have been Agememnons — that is great men before our day in this State, and in all professions. "When last I was in this university, I was myself a college president, for I then frequently attended academic assemblages by virtue of my office. With apologies to Omar Khayyam: Myself when young did eagerly frequent The Ph.D's and hear great argument About it and about, but evermore Come out in doubt, yet wiser than I went. Since then, from having been the youngest college president and having lived to be an "oldest living university president" (in point of service) I have become almost the youngest of another profession which was, however, not recognized as such as that time but which now has found cultural care under the aegis academicus. "I have chosen for my subject one which associates the journalists with those who are accounted as learned because they have to do with the past. I have called them the Historians of the Present Tense. "I take the legend which was emblazoned on the walls of the seminary room of the University (Johns Hopkins) in which I was once a student, as my warrant for speaking of history and historians as functioning in the present time. It was a sentence spoken by Edward Freeman, the English historian, in that very room: 'History is past politics and politics present history.' And we may think that even the past functions 309 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History up to the very moment of the present — that past which the grammarians call, not the past perfect or the pluperfect, but the imperfect which goes on living, loving, striving up to the moment of the present and then the next moment seizes the present and goes imperfectly on toward a future which the present prevents the past from ever attaining — gets no nearer to future than the 'first periphrastic,' — the name given in the Greek grammar which I used as a boy in Illinois to the mood which was always 'about to' do or be something. "And why may not those who daily endeavor with conscientiousness and infinite pains to record and interpret history at the moment of its making (where the present becomes the past) be accorded a place among historians? As it is, there is a disposition to speak of them rather comtemptously as 'journalists,' those who have to do with the things of a day, whose words, for the most part anonymous, live but from edition to edition or at most for only a few hours, like the ephemerids which Benjamin Franklin, the patron saint of printers and journalists, described in a letter recently rediscovered in Paris and cabled in full to America to occupy the first column on the front page of a New York daily. "As one who, once included in the class 'educator,' has recently become a member of that group of chroniclers and augurs of the day, observing the flight of events in all the skies of the earth; and who seems to some to have fallen, like Lucifer, from a high estate into one which has no higher place than the fourth, I venture to say a word on behalf of my fellow journalistic historians, those luciferous writers scattered over the earth from darkest Africa to luminous Chicago, from Greenland's icy mountains to Mother India's coral islands. They are like the crustacean creatures to whom the scientist has given the name Luciferin (and so redeemed the name Lucifer from its Miltonian doom) which though it seems a bit of fallen star dust gives the utmost light without heat — a name that will some day be appropriate for the entire press as an agency of light without heat which only the lucifugous, those who love darkness rather than light, will shun. "Balzac has called journalism 'the religion of democracy' and the journalists the priests of democracy. (I do not know just what he meant — except that democracy daily turns to the newspaper as an instrument essential to its highest functioning.) If journalists are priests, they are priests after the order of Melchisedek, that is, having 'neither beginning of days nor end of life,' for they live in the eternal Einsteinian present, ever on the outer verge of the 'Continuum.' To quote a translator of Einstein, 'the continuum of events exists as a background for phenomena and when happenings occur in any region whatsoever the events are there ready to give forth their testimony.' But unless the journalist is there to hear what the events have to say, it will be buried so deep by the succeeding events that even the historian of the past is liable never to find it except with great labor if at all. The true function of the historian was defined two thousand years ago by Polybius who said that it is 'to record with fidelity what was virtually said or done no matter how commonplace it may be.' That is the defini- tion of the function of the true journalist, with a change of tense only, and with the added responsibility of giving it its setting or relationship and to do that he goes to what is called in the newspaper office the 'morgue' for his material, (the clippings from the newspapers of yesterday,) which becomes the history of the past. "And as history is no longer a story of doings only of kings and statesmen and prelates and generals, but considers merchants and artisans, farmers and explorers, stu- dents and vagabonds, so is journalism, the religion of democracy, all-embracing — it is the continuing revelation (daily, weekly, monthly or yearly) and record of the Almighty's continuing revision of the earth (which is not complete, as the earthquakes 310 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History and droughts and floods testify) and of His daily dealings with the sons of men. I found a poem on the galleys not long ago which began: I think God kept on talking when His book had gone to press, That He continues talking to the listening sons of men; I think His voice is busy yet to teach and guide and bless That every time we ask for light He calls to us again. "I do not claim for the newspapers that they are inspired and written as by holy men of old, but merely that the best of them try to continue the objective record, though I think no reporters have been found quite comparable with the man who reported the Creation, and no editors who improved on the Sermon on the Mount. "Professor Schiller, Oxford university, speaking at a meeting of philosophers two or three years ago said, that it is to the philosophers and international bankers that we are to look for the unifying influences which this world needs and which alone can save it from disaster, not the professors of philosophy (though they may be true philosophers) but to men of philosophic minds trained to look further ahead, to take a wider view, to perceive the trend of events, to prepare men's minds betimes and to influence them to act reasonably. But certainly with these must be associated the historians of the past and the reporters and correspondents and editors of the present; for how else shall they know the trend, or be able to take the wider view or prepare men's minds? "Mr. Duke, when he stated his reasons for establishing his university fund of $40,000,000, did not, however, include these among the six kinds of leaders whom the universities are to train; for they are, in the order in which he named them, preachers, teachers, lawyers, chemists, engineers, and doctors. I do not know whether this was meant to be the order of their estimated importance. But certainly editors and journalists of serious purpose and trained minds belong there — somewhere perhaps between the preachers and teachers, for they are no longer towncriers or stentors. They are inter- preters, the all-round men of the universe. "The editor's prototype is Isocrates, son of Theodorus, called the old man eloquent of his day, though he never made a speech. He wrote his speeches and circulated them on a small scale as the editor does on a larger scale today. Or perhaps better, the ancient Democritus, who despite the range and seriousness of his thought was called the laughing philosopher (though he was not a columnist, — St. Simeon Stilytes may be referred to, I suppose, as the first columnist.) Here is a condensed summary of the attainment of Democritus: "He was abreast if not in advance of the astronomy of his day, he had traversed the greatest part of the known earth, he wrote a treatise on navigation, he was learned in physics, writing on the magnet, the rays of light and the water-clock, he was fond of music and poetry, leaving works on rhythm and harmony and the beauty of epic poems, he was a critic in matters of art, he left a book on fevers, another on prognostics, another on pestilences, another on the right way of living, and beside wrote authorita- tively on agriculture, tactics, the principles of laws, the calendar and colors, ethics and cheerfulness, besides being a zoologist, anatomist and psychologist. "My own professor of science in Knox College, the best instructor I have ever known, had almost as wide a range, for while he was primarily the professor of chemistry and had written a text-book in that subject, he also taught geology, mineralogy, physi- ology and anatomy, botany and zoology and was acting professor of Latin. The range of Democritus seems to us an astounding one for a single man, especially in these days of specialization. But it is an even wider range that the modern Democritus, the editor, must have. He must not only have a glimpse into all fields of human knowledge and achievement; he must know the way to the verge in some one subject. He must also Illinois Newspaper Directory and History be aware of the great abysses of human ignorance which no editorial Marcus Curtius can close, however sacrificially noble his purpose. He must not only know something and everybody, but know where to get the everything that is known about anything. "But he must not only know, he must be able to tell what he knows or get intelligibly told what others know but cannot tell. Professor Gildersleeve, the great Greek scholar, once said that there was need of academicians, but he added that they must forget their academic business if they wished to reach a wide public. He also intimated that there was certain advantage in being obliged to write at what he called finger speed, for the best words come to the front under such conditions — i.e., if one has the best words. It is important to acquire, and acquire early, a vocabulary for such emergencies, and if anything is to be said for the cross word puzzles which have lately infested the press, it is this. (Incidentally he should learn to use the typewriter, and he would often find shorthand advantageous.) "As an 'educator,' I was accustomed to divide those who could not or did not tell the truth into three classes (not into four as did the ancient Persian or Talmudic wisdom) : ( 1 ) Those who do not know the truth and so if they tell it tell it only by accident. (2) Those who know it but are not willing to tell it. (3) Those who know and wish to tell it but do not know how. "Since I have become a journalist, I find that not even a research professor is more eager to know the truth or more eager to tell it than a journalist — and I find too that he is usually much better able to tell the truth than the research professor because he knows how to speak to the ordinary mind. "The newspaper must know the truth, as fully as it can be known, be ready and fearless to tell it, and then know how to tell it. It is more and more to be a newspaper and less and less an organ, but necessarily appraising news in its wholesome human values; for, as Vernon Kellogg said some time ago in the Atlantic, on 'Biology and Death,' the biologist has to do with the species and the ordinary observer has to do with the individual. That is why, he said, the daily newspaper informs, fascinates, thrills us, while the biologist's information leaves us cold. (A very good illustration of this would be furnished by Professor Kellogg's excellent article and the report of the nameless Associated Press correspondent of the arrival of the body of the Unknown Soldier in Washington.) "A recent English essayist has put forth the theory that Nature thought to achieve the Creator's purpose by gathering as many cells as possible into one body, to be con- trolled by a single intelligence. But this resulted in the development of the giant lizard or the monster pig, the Dinosaur, the Baluchitherium, that perished because such mighty aggregations of cells could not adjust themselves to changed conditions or conquer them. We have now but the fossiled remains of these creatures — 'fossilized failures.' Then Nature set out, under divine compulsion, to reach the perfection which it sought ultimately in man, through an infinite number of individuals associated in the swarm, the flock, the herd, the clan, the nation, a league of nations, looking toward the unity of mankind, — attaining through society what the individual may not alone achieve. In that evolution the journalist, the editor, becomes a chief agent — for it can be carried forward only through the perfection of communication and interpretation. "An American historian has spoken of those who do scholarly historical work, as sheep. I suppose that he would put journalists with the goats when they come up for judgment. But I noticed one morning at Delphi, in Greece, that the shepherd, when taking his flock up past the ruins of the temple of Apollo to the pasturage on the slopes of Parnassus, had put a goat to lead sheep. I learned upon inquiry that this was 312 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History the practice. And I have dared to hope that the goat among writers, the journalist, may yet lead the scholarly sheep, furnish the data, the pasturage, for their own eternal fame, and himself not be cast into the outer darkness of oblivion. "If I were to make a plea to the colleges and universities on behalf of the press, it would be to prepare a few all-round men and women — the best — who should be competent to perform a planetary service, not only geographically but intellectually — to be in a democratic age what Democritus was in his day to his little world — such as a managing editor I knew who was prepared when the tomb of Tut-ankh-amen was opened to enter intelligently with the archaeologist; who when Einstein propounded his theory had some notion of what he was talking about, whom I found one dav trying to find geometrically the area of a triangle in the terms of its sides; who in the midst of the last campaign wrote a two-column editorial on the new planet; and yet who could tell you the baseball champions for the last ten years, or the presidential returns for the last century. To help prepare such men is the function of schools of journalism. "I was asked recently to give advice in a series of modern addresses to young men and women of America on choosing a vocation, and I venture to quote for the benefit of those who are still young one passage from my address on journalism as a vocation. "The advice which comes of my experience, supported by my observation of the skill which I see in those who have been continuously in journalistic work from their early days, is that if a young man has a strong inclination to be a journalist and a manifest aptitude, he should turn his whole effort toward preparing for this vocation and then stick to it. And the preparation should not be a narrow one. There is no occupation that demands a broader basic preparation or that gives one a better oppor- tunity to develop one's self through the vocation in which one does, or tries to do, one's share of the world's work and earns one's living. It is the best university in the world in which to study and make the most of one's self as well as the most influential university in which to teach, if indeed one is fitted to gather or interpret the news by which the world is made new every morning. In order to do this and be this a journalist must know the past 'like a book' for without knowledge of the past one cannot know the significance of what is coming in the present. The journalist is the historian of the present tense but the present grows out of the past. All the past is indeed in the present, if one has the discernment to see it. "I venture to suggest synoptic courses in history and in science and in literature in colleges and universities, as well as special courses which lead into the presence of the infinite in some one or more sectors of human search and struggle — planetary courses which will enable those who follow them to be something more than smatterers, if something less than ultimate experts — interpreters of what is added day by day to the 'continuum,' preparing them for service in a super-university in which the professors are not as the Ancient of Days, but as the Renewers of the Foremost Files of Time, carrying the contributions of events in their interpretation to the enrichment of the human continuum — the race mind, which in turn will inform the individual mind of its wisdom, so that each may have the best that anywhere comes to be. This is the real liberation of the mind. One might take these words of George Edward Woodberry as expressing the highest purpose of the press, in which the race mind reveals itself day by day: 'To free the soul in the individual life and to accomplish the unity of mankind.' "Our experience sometimes is disappointing as this imaginary interview which I had with old Cadmus, the Father of Letters, in Greece during the War, concerning the news of the day: Illinois Newspaper Directory and History When I contemplate the ravage Of my alphabetic lore, See the neolithic savage Waging culture-loving war, Using logarithmic tables To direct his hellish fire, Preaching philosophic fables To excuse his mad desire; See pure science turned to choking, Shooting, drowning, human kind; Hear a litany invoking Hate in God's benignant mind; See the forest trees transmuted Into lettered pulp, while man With a brain, deep-convoluted, Takes the place of primal Pan, And instead of finding pleasure In a simple life, with song, Spends his planetary leisure Reading how the world's gone wrong;- — - Seeing, hearing this, I've wondered 'Mid this murder, greed and fret, Whether I have sinned or blundered Giving man the alphabet. "But when I was in Greece after the War, I showed him copies of the American daily papers and he made this statement, as accurately as I can translate it: From beyond the farthest Thule, Past the flying isles of night, — There have come, imprinted newly From great cylinders of light; My old letters' new descendents Spelling out a planet's dream With a western independence All the evil man's invented With my letters, I forget, And now I am quite contented That I saved the alphabet. "The best answer to those who find fault with our product in the present tense is given by a recent historian of the newspapers, the late Professor Lucy Salmon, of Vassar College, who has said: " 'With all its inaccuracies, its lack of proportion, its many temptations — not always resisted — to throw prismatic colors instead of the white light of truth on its accounts of the day, the periodical press still remains the most important single source that the historian has at his command for the reconstruction of the life of the last three centuries.' And if for the last three centuries, why not for the passing day? "Mr. Justice Holmes once said in a letter to a friend of mine that we no longer look to the past for our sanctions. 'A fashion in hats goes around the earth in six months and is forgotten in a year.' 'We shall come to glory,' he added, 'not in immor- tality, but in illocality.' The press is the chief agency of illocality, assisted by those 314 Illinois Newspaper Diri.ctory and History swift-modern mercuries of automobility and telepublicity, in this tele-victorian age; (as I have often called it, — the age of telegraph and the telephone, or tele-radio and tele-vision,) and above all the tele-printed word which is the newspaper. "These selected for this high service, as I have said, must know how to tell the truth and they have to do it with words in cold type. Dr. Samuel Johnson said, quoting some one before him, that he was not so lost in lexicography as not to know that words were only the daughters of men while deeds were sons of heaven. But after all, it is only by the daughters of earth that the sons of Heaven get born. In the 'Terrible Meek' the dramatist, Charles Rann Kennedy, presents a scene in which a cross is dimly seen in the background and in the foreground an English Tommy and an English captain are shown in conversation. The Tommy is saying that it is too bad that one should come to this just for the saying of a few words. 'Words, words,' said the captain, 'words are the most powerful things in the world. All the good or bad that gets done in the world is done by words.' Truly in the beginning was the word, but it will be with man to the end of time, that is, until God stops speaking to men; until the reporter journalist has filed his last copy, and the editor has made his last comment, until the last edition has gone to press and Gabriel's trumpet has been heard by radio around the earth." The guests of honor at the dedication were: members of the families and associates of the men memorialized; executive heads of the publications on which these men worked; donors of the busts and memorials; the Governor of the State of Illinois; the Lieutenant Governor of the State of Illinois; members of the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois; the President of the University of Illinois; the President of the University of Chicago; presidents and official representatives of other universities; a representative of Colby College, Waterville, Maine (the alma mater of Elijah Parish Lovejoy); the mayor of Champaign and the mayor of Uibana; guest speakers of the sixty-fifth annual meeting of the Illinois Press Association. Members of the Past Presidents' Association of the Illinois Press Association; officers of the Illinois Press Association; the secretary of the Inland Daily Press Association; the editor-in-chief of the D. C. Heath Publishing Company; the president of the American Society of Newspaper Editors; the President of the National Editorial Association; members of the Council of Administration of the University of Illinois; members of the General Assembly of the State of Illinois; members of the Supreme Court of the State of Illinois; State Superintendent of Public Instruction; State Auditor of Public Accounts; Attorney General of the State of Illinois; Secretary of the State of Illinois; State Trea- surer of the State of Illinois. Two thousand persons attended the exercises. The committees for the dedication were: Special committee on arrangements: Walter A. Strong, Chicago Daily News; H. L. Williamson, United States Publisher; Putney Haight, Chicago Tribune; A. A. Raboin, Chatsworth Plaindealer; Lawrence W. Murphy, University of Illinois. Advisory: J. M. White, University of Illinois. Hall of Fame committee: L. M. Wood, Flora Journal-Record; A. L. Bowen, Illinois State Journal; A. A. Raboin, Chatsworth Plaindealer; Lawrence W. Murphy, University of Illinois; J. E. Dertinger, Bushnell Record; H. L. Williamson, United States Publisher; W. C. Bush, Pike County Democrat, Pittsheld. Committee on information: W. M. Hout, Champaign News-Gazette; A. T. Bur- rows, Urbana Courier; J. R. Adams, Daily Illini; V. A. Sholis, Daily Illini; C. W. John- son, Associated Press; Don E. Chamberlain, United Press. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History During the evening of the day of the dedication the annual banquet was held in the Southern Tea Room. Walter A. Strong acted as master of ceremonies. Addresses were delivered by President Harry W. Chase, University of Illinois; Fred Fuller Shedd, the Philadelphia Bulletin and president of the American Society of Newspaper Editors; Professor Herbert C. Libby, Colby College, Waterville Maine, Governor Louis L. Emmerson, and George B. Dolliver, president of the National Editorial Association. At the banquet the Illinois Press Association, through its Past Presidents' Associa- tion, presented a resolution asking for a new $500,000 journalism building. This reso- lution was adopted and conferences and planning for a building undertaken. The members of the building committee named on that occasion were: James E. McClure, Carlinville Democrat, past president of the association, chair- man; Fred E. Sterling, Rockford, lieutenant governor of Illinois and president of the Rockford dailies; M. F. Walsh, Harvard, state superintendent of registration and educa- tion and a past president of the association; W. J. Smith, Waukegan, past president of the association; John M. Sheets, Oblong, past president of the association; H. U. Bailey, Princeton, past president of the association; and C. S. Conger, Carmi, past president of the association. Another resolution from the press association presented at the closing sessions of the convention the following day asked that the School of Journalism appoint a faculty extension worker who should give half his time to the country newspapers of the state to aid them in being of greater service to the public. A beginning will be made along this line as opportunity offers. Also, on the last morning Ole Buck, field manager of the Nebraska Press Associa- tion, spoke on "Circulation Audits." It was pointed out in the discussion which followed that three weekly newspapers in the Illinois field had already been audited. They were: Marshall Herald, Harry B. Potter, editor; Toledo Democrat, J. M. Drakeford, editor; Sparta News-Plaindealer, Howe V. Morgan, editor. The building committee met with President H. W. Chase of the University on the morning of the final session, presented their request for a new building and offered the assistance of the association in planning and securing a building of the kind proposed. In closing the general session, routine committee reports were made and the election of officers was held. Newly-elected officers were: President, Howe V. Morgan, Sparta News-Plaindealer; Vice Presidents, Gerry D. Scott, Wyoming Post-Herald; Charles E. Faltz, Somonauk Reveille; H. J. Blazer, Aledo Times-Record; Secretary, H. L. William- son, United States Publisher, Springfield; Treasurer, C. R. Denson, Minonk News- Dispatch. Executive committee, S. P. Preston, Gillespie News; J. M. Sheets, Oblong Oracle; Paul R. Goddard, Washington Tazewell County Reporter; C. S. Conger, Carmi, and Omer N. Custer, Galesburg. Legislative Committee, J. M. Page, Jersey ville Democrat; W. W. Loomis, LaGrange Citizen; J. E. McClure, Carlinville Democrat; A. L. Richmond, Mt. Carmel; Philip Adler, Kewanee, and W. W. Evans, Belleville. The convention came to a close with the Saturday afternoon football game between Ohio State and Illinois in the Illinois Memorial Stadium. Members of the Illinois Press Association were guests at the game, which Ohio won by a score of 12-9. 1931 The Semi-Annual Meeting of the Illinois Press Association was held at the Pere Marquette Hotel in Peoria on March 20, and 21. The President, Howe V. Morgan, Sparta News-Plaindealer, presided. 316 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History The program for the first session, on Friday morning, was made up of the following addresses: "Proper Mechanical Equipment for the Small Town Paper," by Morton Clausen, Hamilton Press, with discussion on the subject led by F. W. Harris, Macomb Journal; "Is Newspaper Influence on the Decline?" by A. L. Richmond, Mt. Carmel Republican-Register, discussion led by Fred D. Ferguson, Manito Community-Express; "Solving Circulation Problems the Paid-in-Advance Way," by C. R. Denson, Minonk News-Dispatch, discussion led by Lucien A. File, Chester Herald-Tribune; "Evolution of the Country Newspaper in the Past Fifty Years," by Joseph M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat. Paul R. Goddard, Washington Reporter, was in charge of a luncheon given in the Pere Marquette hotel. The members heard the following addresses in the afternoon: "Value of a 'Colyum' to a Small Daily or Weekly," by Will F. Jordan, Pana Palladium, discussion led by M. C. Page, Benton News; "How Weeklies Can Assist Agencies in Getting More National Advertising," by Herbert L. Hullebus, vice president of the Stack-Goble Advertising Agency, Chicago, discussion led by Miss Ruth Ducey, Harvard Herald; "More Divi- dends from the Job Department," by Vernon Nickless, LaGrange Citizen, discussion led by Arthur M. Morgan, Rantoul Press; "How a Circulation Audit Is Made and Its Value to the Publisher," by T. E. Kendall, manager of the extension department of Wolf & Company, official accountants of the National Editorial Association and of the Illinois Press Association, discussion led by J. M. Drakeford, Toledo Democrat; and "Value of a Farm Page," Roy Clippinger, Carmi Democrat-Tribune. A theatre party was held Friday afternoon for the ladies. On Friday evening President Morgan presided at a banquet at the Pere Marquette hotel, and the Honorable Fred E. Sterling, Rockford Register-Gazette, and Lieutenant- Governor of Illinois, was master of ceremonies. The address of the evening was given by the Honorable Oscar E. Carlstrom, Attorney General of the State of Illinois. Several selections were sung by Mrs. Anna Lucey Smiley, Peoria. On Saturday morning the program included: "What Country Weeklies Are Doing to Secure National Advertising Accounts," by Harry B. Potter, Marshall Herald, dis- cussion led by G. C. Terry, Tri-County Press, Polo; "Covering the Local News Field," by H. U. Bailey, Bureau County Republican, Princeton, discussion led by Miss Harriet Grimm, Galena Gazette; "Can the Waste Basket Stop the Flow of Free Publicity," by J. M. Sheets, Oblong Oracle, discussion led by James A. Nowlan, Stark County News, Toulon; "The Country Weekly's Insides," by Mrs. Bess Moss, Greenville Advocate, discussion led by Hugh M. Rigney, Arthur Graphic-Clarion; "Human Interest in the Localized Editorial Page," by Philip D. Adler, Kewanee Star-Courier, discussion led by S. P. Preston, Gillespie News; "Running a Country Newspaper — the Best Job on Earth," by Norris E. Goode, Virden Recorder, discussion led by A. H. Gravenhorst, Effingham Review. The following were the addresses of Saturday afternoon: "Cultivating Efficiency on the Part of Country Correspondents," by Mrs. Dot Dorsey Swan, Pike County Republican, Pittsfield, discussion led by Sam Little, Hillsboro Journal; "Protecting Our- selves Against the Inroads of Radio Competition," by Elzey Roberts, St. Louis Star; "Progress of the School of Journalism at the University of Illinois," by Professor Law- rence W. Murphy, head of the school and president of the American Association of Teachers of Journalism; "Keeping Up Linage During the Period of Business Inertia." by Verne E. Joy, Centralia Daily Sentinel. J. E. McClure, chairman of the School of Journalism building committee reported that progress had been made and that the University was co-operating with the com- Illinois Newspaper Directory and History mittee. He said that the committee expected to have preliminary plans ready for con- sideration in a short time and that the members would go to the University to consider a suitable location. Other committee reports were as follows: L. M. Wood, Flora Journal-Record, on the Status of the Hall of Fame; Paul R. Goddard, Tazewell County Reporter, Wash- ington, on Bureau of Publicity; Herschel Blazer, Aledo Times-Record; J. M. Page, Jerseyville Democrat, on Legislation. A special meeting under the auspices of the Illinois Press Association was held at the Hotel Abraham Lincoln, in Springfield, April 3, 1931, for the purpose of bringing about an organization to secure more national and foreign advertising. Luncheon was served in the Gold Room of the hotel at noon. Howe V. Morgan, president of the association presided and introduced Charles H. Clarke of the Iowa Newspapers, Inc., as the first speaker. Mr. Clarke gave a brief outline of the history of the Iowa weekly organization and answered a number of ques- tions asked by different newspaper men regarding the work of the organization. Fred J. Wright of Mitchell & Wright, publishers' representatives of St. Louis and New York City, told of the co-operation necessary between the editor and the repre- sentatives to get satisfactory results. J. Marvin Larkin, who had been associated with the Missouri Weekly Organization, told of the co-operation between the Chicago, St. Louis, Kansas City, and New York City offices and explained the advantages for the Illinois publishers if they were associated with the "Four-Office-Tie-Up." Several suggestions were made by the editors as to the manner of organizing the weekly newspapers of Illinois. It was understood that an offer had been made by the Iowa and Missouri organiza- tions to include the Illinois weeklv organization in their group and give them equal representation at a cost of $25.00 for each paper during the remainder of the year 1931. Gerry D. Scott, editor of the Wyoming Post-Herald, offered the following motion: "That the weekly papers of Illinois proceed to organize at an initial cost for the services of a special representative to work with other organizations at a cost of $2 5.00 for the balance of the year 1931." The motion was carried. Paul R. Goddard, then president of the group of county seat weekly papers known as the Illinois Select Weeklies, explained that the Illinois Press Association was inde- pendent of the new organization and the members of the "Illinois Select Weekly" organi- zation would decide whether or not they would continue to function after the new organization, was perfected. A motion was made by C. C. Chain, McDonough County Democrat, Bushnell, that a committee of nine men be appointed by the secretary and president of the associa- tion to work out the details of an organization, this committee to include the president and secretary of the association. The motion was carried. It was suggested by Mr. Goddard that the president and secretary appoint the committee but that it might bring some discord in the Illinois Press Association to have the president and secretary members of this committee. An amendment to the original motion was made to omit the two officers of the parent organization. W. A. Spence of the Metropolis Gazette offered an amendment that this committee constitute an Executive Committee or Board of Directors and that they dictate and organize the group of papers. C. R. Denson of the Minonk News-Dispatch moved that this Executive Com- mittee be empowered to give a name to this group of newspapers. The motion was carried. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History J. P. Lowry, Gibson City, moved that the membership in this organization be limited to members of the Illinois Press Association. The motion was carried. J. E. McClure, Carlinville Democrat, offered a motion to the effect that the presi- dent and secretary not be asked to appoint the committee at that time but give the matter consideration and inform the members by mail of the committee appointments. The motion was carried. Blank cards were passed around to the editors present and those wishing to become affiliated with such an organization and pay $25.00 for the balance of the year were asked to sign and return the cards. After the meeting adjourned the president and secretary selected the following men to compose the Executive Committee: Executive Committee of the Weekly Newspaper organization: Vernon Nickless, LaGrange Citizen; Paul R. Goddard, Tazewell County Reporter, Washington; C. R. Denson, Minonk News-Dispatch; Donald Forsythe, Hancock County Journal, Carthage; H. J. Blazer, Aledo Times-Record; S. P. Preston, Gillespie News; W. J. Staats, Downers Grove Reporter; Gerry D. Scott, Wyoming Post-Herald; H. B. Potter, Marshall Herald. It was decided that this committee would meet in Peoria at the Pere Marquette Hotel, April 17, 1931. The following article on the awards in the annual National Community News- paper contest conducted at the University of Illinois appeared in the National Printer Journalist and the United States Publisher of April 1931. "Forty-nine daily and ninety-two weekly newspapers were awarded distinguished rating for the year 1930 in the annual National Community Newspaper contest con- ducted at the School of Journalism, University of Illinois, it was announced March 14. The contest is open each year to daily and weekly newspapers published in communities under 50,000 population. "Professor O. C. Leiter of the Illinois School of Journalism staff judged the daily newspapers entered, and Dr. Burrus Dickinson, also of the school's staff, judged the weeklies. Professor R. R. Barlow was manager for the contest. " 'The daily newspapers were judged on the basis of variety and quantity of news printed, evidence of covering the home territory carefully, excellence of the editorial page, evidence of public spirit and independence, and care in editing and printing. Professor Leiter explained. " 'The chief considerations in judging the weeklies were the completeness of local news coverage, the number of personal items, the amount of correspondence carried, the usefulness of the editorials and feature material to the community served, make-up and legibility, and the amount and typography of the advertising,' Dr. Dickinson said. "Certificates of distinguished rating will be mailed the newspaper winning the award. The following dailies received ratings: "Adrian (Michigan) Daily Telegram, Alliance (Ohio) Review, Alton (Illinois) Evening Telegraph, Ann Arbor (Michigan) Daily News, Arkansas City (Kansas) Daily Traveler, Asbury Park (New Jersey) Evening Press, Attleboro (Massachusetts) Sun, Bartow (Florida) Polk County Record, Bowling Green (Kentucky) Times- Journal, Burlington (Vermont) Free Press, Cairo (Illinois) Evening Citizen, Canton (Illinois) Daily Ledger, Carthage (Missouri) Evening Press, Charleston (Illinois) Daily Courier, Clarksburg (West Virginia) Exponent, Clarksburg (West Virginia) Exponent-Tele- gram, Fort Collins (Colorado) Express-Courier, Creston (Iowa) News Advertiser, Dan- ville (Illinois) Commercial-News, Dixon (Illinois) Evening Telegraph. 319 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "Edwardsville (Illinois) Intelligencer, Elkhart (Indiana) Truth, Enid (Oklahoma) Daily Eagle, Fayetteville (Arkansas) Daily Democrat, Fort Lauderdale (Florida) Daily News, Franklin (Indiana) Evening Star, Gloucester (Massachusetts) Daily Times, Gulf- port (Mississippi) Daily Herald, Haverhill (Massachusetts) Evening Gazette, Hobart (Oklahoma) Democrat-Chief, Jacksonville (Illinois) Daily Journal, Jamestown (New York) Morning Post, Lafayette (Louisiana) Daily Advertiser, Lewiston (Maine) Daily Sun, Lexington (Kentucky) Leader. "Lorain (Ohio) Journal, Mason City (Iowa) Globe-Gazette, Moline (Illinois) Daily Dispatch, Murphysboro (Illinois) Daily Independent, Muscatine (Iowa) Journal, Phoenix (Arizona) Arizona Republic, Richmond (Indiana) Palladium, Robinson (Illi- nois) Daily News, Rock Island (Illinois) Argus, St. Cloud (Minnesota) Daily Times, Sheboygan (Wisconsin) Press, Sterling (Illinois) Daily Gazette. Following are the weeklies receiving awards: "Antioch (Illinois) News, Archbold (Ohio) Buckeye, Athol (Massachusetts) Transcript; Audobon (Iowa) Advocate-Republican, Bad Axe (Michigan) Huron County Tribune, Bay Shore (New York) Journal, Bellows Falls (Vermont) Times, Bemidji (Minnesota) Sentinel, Bergenfield (New Jersey) Interboro Review, Bloom- field (New Jersey) Press and Bloomfield Citizen, Booneville (Missouri) Advertiser, Boyertown (Pennsylvania) Times, Bridgeport (Alabama) News Herald, Brookhaven (Mississippi) Semi- Weekly Leader, Brookings (South Dakota) Register, Brookline (Massachusetts) Chronicle, Bunkie (Louisiana) Record, Carmi (Illinois) Democrat- Tribune, Caro (Michigan) Tuscola County Advertiser. "Carroll (Iowa) Times, Carrollton (Georgia) Carroll County Times, Carthage (New York) Republican-Tribune, Cobden (Illinois) Review, Coudersport (Pennsyl- vania) Potter Enterprise, Crystal Lake (Illinois) Herald, Dalton (Georgia) News, Delphi (Indiana) Journal, Des Plaines (Illinois) Suburban Times, East Detroit (Michigan) News (semi-weekly), Dillon (Montana) Examiner, Dover (Delaware) State Sentinel, Easton (Maryland) Star-Democrat, Elmhurst (Illinois) Press, Fairbury (Nebraska) Journal, Fairbury (Nebraska) News, Fallon (Nevada) Eagle, Flagstaff (Arizona) Coconino Sun, Florence (Alabama) Herald, Gainesville (Georgia) Eagle. Gainesville (Georgia) News, Galva (Illinois) News, Geneva (Nebraska) Signal, Glendive (Mon- tana) Dawson County Review, Harvard (Illinois) Herald, Hastings (Michigan) Banner, Heron Lake (Minnesota) News, Holton (Kansas) Recorder, Howell (Michigan) Liv- ingston County Republican-Press, Hubbard (Ohio) News. "Ionia (Michigan) Ionia County News, Kutztown (Pennsylvania) Patriot, Lacon (Illinois) Home Journal, Ladysmith (Wisconsin) News, LaGrange (Illinois) Citizen, Langdon (North Dakota) Cavalier County Republican, Libertyville (Illinois) Inde- pendent-Register, Mascoutah (Illinois) Herald, Massena (New York) Observer, Mesa (Arizona) Journal-Tribune (semi-weekly) , Metamora (Illinois) Herald, Milford (Con- necticut) News, Milaca (Minnesota) Mille Lacs County Times, Morris (Minnesota) Tribune, Mount Holly (New Jersey) Herald, Muskegon Heights (Michigan) Record. "Natchitoches (Louisiana) Enterprise, New Ulm (Minnesota) Brown County Journal, Northfield (Minnesota) News, Oconto (Wisconsin) Oconto County Reporter, Ord (Nebraska) Quiz, Owatonna (Minnesota) Journal-Chronicle, Penn Yan (New York) Chronicle-Express, Polo (Illinois) Tri-County Press, Red Bank (New Jersey) Register, Russell (Kansas) Record ( semi- weekly ) , Sac City (Iowa) Sac Sun, Sanford (Maine) Tribune and Advocate, Skowhegan (Maine) Independent-Reporter, Sparta (Illinois) News-Plaindealer, Stamford (New York) Mirror Recorder, Steamboat Springs (Colorado) Steamboat Pilot, Storm Lake (Iowa) Pilot-Tribune, Stronghurst (Illinois) Graphic, Toledo (Iowa) Chronicle, Towson (Maryland) Union News, Traer (Iowa) Star-Clipper. 320 Ii i inois \i w 5PAP1 k Directory and History "Walton (New York) Reporter, Waupun (Wisconsin) Leader-News (semi-weekly), Wavcrly (Iowa) Bremer County Independent, Wayne (Nebraska) Herald, Wildwood (New Jersey) Leader, York (South Carolina) Yorkville Enquirer (semi-weekly)." The Sixty-Sixth Annual Meeting and Journalism Conference of the Illinois Press Association was held in Champaign-Urbana, October 15, 16 and 17, 1931. The morning of October IS was devoted to registration and the golf tournament held at the Urbana Golf and Country Club. The general session was opened at 1:30 Thursday afternoon at the auditorium of the Illinois Union Building. Vice President Gerry D. Scott, Wyoming Post-Herald, presided. In an interesting and inspiring President's address, Howe V. Morgan of the Sparta News-Plaindealer, said: "I will not attempt any review of the work of the association the past year, although I believe much progress has been made. Chief among the accomplishments is some actual progress on our efforts to secure a building to house the School of Journalism at the great University of Illinois. J. E. McClure, past president of this association, has served faithfully as chairman of a committee appointed a year ago to get action on such a proposition. This committee held several meetings and now has a definite promise that an appropriation for this purpose may be expected from the next session of the general assembly. "We are zealous for the school of Journalism of the University of Illinois. We feel that it is our child; not an adopted waif but of our own flesh and blood. We want to see it as the finest in the land; from its portals we want men and women who are equipped to take up the pen and the typewriter in behalf of a new era of ethical standards, of freedom of the press and of an enlightened citizenship; men and women who may become Danas, Greeleys and Joe Pages — whose thought is not of monetary reward but of public service. Such a school must have a building. Your association will not take 'no' for an answer." Mr. Morgan said further: "The Illinois Press Association is a unique organization. Politics has no place in its deliberations. The president's chair must be occupied one year by a Democrat and the next by a Republican. The only place where party politics enters is on the golf course in the annual conflict between a mixed foresome of two donkeys and two elephants. But the battle ends at the nineteenth hole and free silver, tariff for protection only and the Eighteenth amendment are buried there. No office seeker uses the Illinois Press Association for his private gain and none need apply." Other talks of the first general session were on "Uniform Advertising Rates Based on Circulation," by Harry B. Potter, Marshall Herald; "Circulation — How to Build and Keep It," by Lucien File, Chester Herald-Tribune (read by C. S. Conger, Carmi Demo- crat-Tribune) ; "Community Tips," by Eugene L'Hote. R. R. Barlow, University of Illinois, made announcements and general comments on newspapers which had been entered in the state contest. The winners were as follows: Class A Weeklies: (Non-county seat towns under 2,000): First, Polo Tri-County Press; second, Rantoul Press; third, Wyoming Post-Herald. Class A Weeklies (non- county seats over 2,000): first, Harvard Herald; second LaGrange Citizen; third, Gib- son City Courier. Class B weeklies (county seats under 2,000) : first, Toulon Stark County News; second, Lacon Home Journal; third, Virginia Gazette. Class B weeklies (county seats over 2,000): first, Aledo Times-Record; second, Princeton Bureau County Republican; third, Carthage Hancock County Journal. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Class A miscellaneous papers (semi-weeklies, tri-weeklies, etc.): first, Greenville Advocate; second, Hillsboro Montgomery News; third, Flora Journal Record. Class A small dailies (cities under 10,000): first, Dixon Evening Telegraph; second, Macomb Daily Journal; third, Edwardsville Intelligencer. Class A small dailies (cities from 10,000 to 20,000) :' first, Kewanee Star Courier; second, Centralia Sentinel; third, Harrisburg Daily Register. Class B, large dailies (cities from 20,000 to 50,000): first, Moline Daily Dispatch; second, Danville Commercial News; third, Champaign News-Gazette. Class B, large dailies (cities from 50,000 to 100,000): first, Rockford Register-Republic; second, Peoria Journal; third, Decatur Herald. Class A metropolitan dailies (general public, English Language): first, Chicago Daily Tribune; second, Chicago Daily News; third, Chicago Herald and Examiner. Class A metropolitan dailies (special public): Chicago Journal of Commerce. Thursday evening was devoted to a Past Presidents' dinner, a theatre party, and a Sigma Delta Chi initiation. At the opening of the second general session on Friday morning the following addresses and discussions were heard: "Meeting Free Distribution Newspaper Competi- tion," by John Udell, Highland Park Press; "Crime News," by Albert J. Harno, Uni- versity of Illinois; "Form and Publication of Financial Reports," by W. W. Loomis, LaGrange Citizen; "The School of Journalism Building," by J. E. McClure, Carlinville Democrat. A meeting of Illinois Associated Weeklies and of daily newspaper representatives was held at luncheon Friday noon. Thurman Miller of Wilmington. Ohio, was the prin- cipal speaker. W. J. Parrett, editor and manager of the Danville Commercial-News presided. To a general assembly of representatives of dailies and weeklies from all over the state, Colonel Robert R. McCormick, publisher of the Chicago Tribune, was introduced on Friday afternoon. Colonel McCormick spoke on "Fighting on the Front for the Freedom of the Press." He declared that in this present crisis the press is the only source of solid and courageous leadership to which the country can turn. "All over the world, government is in a decline. Bloody tyranny flourishes under the name of 'proletariat' in Russia. Absolutism, less oppressive only in degree, controls Italy. Socialist governments have bankrupted Austria, Australia, New Zealand and Germany. The Labor government of England has brought that rich and powerful empire to the verge of ruin, and our governments — national, state, and municipal — are threatening the same to us," was the warning of Colonel McCormick. In reference to vain attempts made to curb the freedom of the press, Colonel Mc- Cormick said, "The Supreme Court of our state scotched one insidious effort of corrupt government to coerce an exposing newspaper, and the Supreme Court of the United States in declaring unconstitutional an effort to put the newspapers of Minnesota under the heel of judicial tyranny has effectively ended attempts at hamstringing legislation. "In our relief from personal danger, let us not lose sight of the immense importance to the public of these great legal decisions at this time," he continued. "Throughout our history, the vast bulk of our press has steadily steered the solid course between absolutism and anarchy. Industry can sometimes exist successfully under autocracy. But the press is destroyed by either." In conclusion, Colonel McCormick said, "The rescue of our nation from the mis- taken policies which have ruined so much of the once civilized world and which are threatening to engulf England is dependent upon the courage and the clear vision of our newspapers. For if we fail in this extremity, the nation fails." 3 22 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Henry T. Rainey, Carrollton, President Chase of the University of Illinois, and Charles F. Collison, agricultural editor of the Minneapolis Tribune, spoke at the banquet Friday evening. A. L. Bowcn. Illinois State Journal, was toastmaster. Saturday morning was devoted to two addresses: "Special Editions From a Country Editor's Standpoint," by Walter H. Crim, Salem, Indiana, Republican-Leader, and "Part the Press Can Play in Beautifying Illinois," by Dr. R. E. Hieronymus, Community Ad- visor, University of Illinois. The report of the secretary, H. L. Williamson, Springfield, was heard at this session as was also the necrology. The remainder of the morning was devoted to miscellaneous business including the election of officers. The following were elected to serve for the ensuing year: President, Gerry D. Scott, Wyoming Post-Herald; Vice Presidents, W. L. Schmidt, Benld Enterprise; C. R. Denson, Minonk News-Dispatch; G. C. Terry, Polo Tri-County Press; Secretary, H. L. William- son, Springfield, publisher of the National Printer Journalist; Treasurer, Norris Goode, Virden Recorder. During the meeting the Association established the General Section of the Hall of Fame and eleven new names were added to the roll of honor, nine general and two state. These names were: Joseph Pulitzer, founder of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch and editor- owner of the New York World; William Rockhill Nelson, founder of the Kansas City Star; Henry W. Grady of the Atlanta Constitution; Samuel Bowles VI, of the Spring- field, Massachusetts, Republican; Benjamin Franklin, great community weekly editor and statesman; Charles Dickens, famous British reporter-author; Charles A. Dana of the New York Sun; Harvey W. Scott of the Portland, Oregon, Oregonian; Dr. Theophraste Renaudot, editor of the first French newspaper, and father of modern advertising, Horace V. White of the Chicago Tribune; Eugene Field, famous poet and reporter on the Chicago Daily News. This annual meeting of the Illinois Press Association was brought to a close by the attendance of the members at the Bradley-Illinois football game held in the Illinois Memorial Stadium on Saturday afternoon. 1932 The Semi-Annual Meeting of the Illinois Press Associaron for 1932 was held in Chicago at the Hotel Sherman, Friday and Saturday, February 26 and 27, 1932. The association passed a resolution giving its support to the Fess bill which had as its purpose the setting aside of 1 5 per cent of the radio broadcasting channels for national and state governmental and educational use. It was the opinion of the Illinois Press Association that the use of the ether by commercial broadcasting interests had become polluted with advertising and sales talks beyond any reasonable degree and that much of the advertising was of such a nature that it was not fit to be heard by members of the average household. This advertising had become so abundant that it seriously interfered with the operation of educational and non-commercial stations with their worth-while broadcasts. Such a condition was regarded as a real menace by the Illinois Press Association and all of the association's energy, power and influence was to be used in combating the condition and bringing about a more satisfactory use of broadcasting channels. On Friday evening, a banquet was held at which Colonel Frank Knox, publisher of the Chicago Daily News, was the speaker. Colonel Knox's subject was "The Respon- sibility of a Newspaper Man in Times Like These." For the discussion of such a subject Colonel Knox was well chosen. Appointed by President Hoover as Chairman of the Citizens' Reconstruction Organization, Colonel Knox had attacked the problem of money-hoarding with vigor and judgment. 323 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History In his address to the Illinois Press Association, he said that the newspaper man's responsibility in times like the year 1932 resolved itself into constructive, powerful, persistent efforts to restore confidence. By his own personal work. Colonel Knox had demonstrated that confidence could be restored and his clear, enthusiastic presentation of the question left his hearers inspired and determined to do their bit in this great fight to hasten the return of national and community prosperity. At a special session the General Assembly of Illinois had passed bills appropriating $20,000,000 for the relief of the poor and unemployed in Chicago and other cities of the state, the money to meet the emergency situation being provided by the issuance of state tax warrants which, it was intended, should be retired by the passage the next fall, by a vote of the people, of a $20,000,000 bond issue. At this meeting, the Illinois Press Association passed a resolution in which it urged the press of the State of Illinois to give the unanimous support toward the adoption of the bond issue next November. On Friday afternoon a meeting of the Illinois Associated Weeklies was held. Vernon Nickless of the LaGrange Citizen, president of the group, presided. "What the Newspapers Can Do to Relieve the Depression," was discussed by J. E. McClure, Carlinville Democrat. Lieutenant-Governor Fred E. Sterling of Illinois commented that his part of the state had been through as much of the so-called depres- sion as any part of Illinois. He suggested that there be no more talk about the depression, but that by deletion of three letters of the word it be transformed into "press on." Vernon W. Nickless, LaGrange Citizen, spoke on "What an Inch of Advertising Costs." The broad subject of "Political Advertising" was discussed by S. P. Preston, Gillespie News, and was followed by a further exposition of the same subject by Thomas Donovan, chairman of the Illinois Democratic State Central Committee, Joliet. A valuable address on "Advertising Representation of Country Newspapers" was given by W. J. Barnes, Chicago Manager, Whiting Paper Company, iormerly adver- tising manager, Springfield Illinois State Register. This address was followed by a dis- cussion of the Century of Progress Exposition by Dr. Allen D. Albert, assistant to the president of the Century of Progress, Chicago. The program for Saturday morning was given over to the discussion ot tour sud- jects. The first, "The Casting Box — Its Importance in the Weekly Office," was pre- sented by Wright Patterson of the Western Newspaper Union. This was followed by an address by King Williams of the Chicago Heights Star on the subject. "Automobile Advertising." An interesting paper on "How I Circularize Advertising Agencies," pre- pared by E. C. Wilson of the Walnut Leader, was read by Howe V. Morgan of the Sparta News-Plaindealer. Then came a general discussion of the subject, "Shall Adver- tising, Subscription, and Job Printing Rates Be Reduced?" Many interesting views were presented. The Association decided to send a delegation to Washington, D. C, on April 21, 22 and 23, to attend the meeting of the American Society of Newspaper Editors. Mem- bers selected were: Gerry D. Scott, Wyoming; H. L. Williamson, Springfield; and Fred E. Sterling, Rockford. The semi-annual meeting was concluded with a trip through the Century of Progress Exposition buildings. On this trip W. W. Loomis of the LaGrange Citizen was the escort; he was assisted by Edward F. Dyson of the Rushville Times. At a special meeting in Springfield on August 27 the Illinois Press association conducted a business session, deliberated on the report of the building committee, held a banquet honoring Governor Louis L. Emmerson, and adopted one resolution worthy of note at this point: Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "WHEREAS, the major political parties are now engaged in campaigns whiqh will culminate in November with the election of the principal candidates of one party, and "Whereas, the national committees of the major parties have in the past elected to spend a large percentage of their funds for publicity through radio broadcasting, billboards, feature writers, novelties and every other means except the newspapers, and "Whereas, the national committees, have seen fit to employ publicity bureaus for preparation of large quantities of publicity material, designed to be published without charge by the newspapers, at the same time making no appropriations to finance legiti- mate paid newspaper advertising campaigns, "Therefore Be It Resolved, that the Illinois Press association in body assembled go on record as opposing such policies of the managers of any political party and as urging them to prepare legitimate paid newspaper advertising for the 193 2 campaign and to co-operate with the Illinois Press association in releasing free publicity, especially free publication of political speeches made by means of paid radio broadcasts." The Sixty-seventh annual meeting of the Illinois Press Association and the All-State Journalism Conference was held November 10, 11, and 12, 1932 at the School of Journalism, University of Illinois, under the presidency of Gerry D. Scott of the Wyom- ing Post-Herald. The weather proved too cold for the annual golf tournament which had been scheduled at the Urbana Country Club by Josef F. Wright of the University and J. E. McClure of the Carlinville Democrat. The members who arrived Wednesday night and Thursday morning visited in the lobbies of the Urbana-Lincoln and the Inman hotels prior to the first session of the convention on Thursday afternoon. The meetings were scheduled in the Union Arcade in place of the old Union building auditorium and many of the members ex- pressed a preference for the new quarters which were more commodious and afforded better arrangements for wraps and committee meetings. The Arcade ball room was used for the large sessions and a banquet room on the same floor for the daily session. Prior to the formal opening of the meeting the execu- tive committee and a few guests met at the Southern Tea Room for lunch. President Harry W. Chase of the University was present at the invitation of the executive committee and he was asked to speak briefly on the problems of the University' brought on by the depression, and the way in which the University was meeting those problems. S. P. Preston of the Gillespie News, chairman of the executive committee, introduced President Chase, assuring him of the friendship of the press for the University. President Chase recounted briefly the efforts of the University to economize and make the best possible use of the funds available. He spoke of the holding up of all university construction work including the $1,400,000 building program for the medi- cal and dental schools in Chicago, and of the 10 per cent saving on operating costs through the cutting down of expense items. He cited figures to show that the Uni- versity received about 74 cents per capita for the current expenses and was actually spending but 5 8 cents per capita. He also pointed out that the University received but three-fourths of one cent from the average tax dollar on property taxes, a sum that meant practically nothing to the small tax payer and wage earner with an income of less than $2,000. He urged the necessity of caring for the fundamental tasks of the University during the depression and for maintaining the fundamental sources of strength, the faculty, and the teaching and research programs. The luncheon meeting was then adjourned to permit attendance at the opening of the program in the Union Arcade. The opening meeting was called to order with fewer than one hundred persons in the room, an evidence of the effects of the depression 325 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History and the relapse that followed the Roosevelt-Hoover election activities which had been brought to a close the previous week. As the meeting progressed the attendance increased but it never reached a mark above 150, about that number being present at the banquet Friday evening. President Gerry D. Scott was the first speaker on the afternoon program. His address is here reproduced in part: "I consider it one of the greatest privileges of my life to be able to speak to you today in my present capacity, and to present in retrospect a glimpse of some of the activities of this Association during the year in which I have been privileged to serve as your president. "I also beg your indulgence to the extent of permitting me to offer in a humble way one or two suggestions, which have come to my mind as a result of observations made during a busy twelve months. "During my tenure of office, it has been my pleasure to meet most of our members personally. One of my regrets is that I have not been able to get acquainted with all and I hope that ere the conclusion of this convention, I may have the privilege of meeting and shaking hands with some of those whom I have not previously met in their offices or at association gatherings. "I shall not live long enough to forget my gratitude to the membership of this association for honoring me with the office of president. I stated from this platform a little more than a year ago that I considered the Illinois Press Association the greatest organization of newspaper men and women in the United States or in the world. I repeat that statement now. These Distressing Times "I do not need to tell you that during the past year we have gone through dis- tressing times. New and trying experiences have been encountered on every hand. Individual members of our association have been forced to do things this year in the conduct of their business that have not been considered necessary in more nearly normal times. Business has perhaps been more difficult to obtain than at any previous period of this association's history in the last quarter of a century. Rates have been harder to maintain. Demands for price and rate reductions have been heard from every quarter. All of these disturbing elements have been constantly before the officers and committees of your association. Unprecedented demands have been made this year for information of every sort. These requests have come from members of the association, advertising agencies, manufacturers, advertisers and from many other sources. I believe that I can truthfully say the individual correspondence of the association this year has been greater than for any other similar period of its history. "It has been a trying period and heavy demands have been made upon the time and energy of your officers, and yet with it all, ther has been the inspiration that comes from co-operative effort on the part of officers and members. Our secretary and chairman of the Executive Committee have worked unselfishly as in the past. Their co-operation, without which what little success may have been achieved would have been impossible, is hereby gratefully acknowledged. "I wish also at this time to express my sincere thanks for the assistance of all other officers, committees and members for their advice and counsel, and their wholehearted support. The Mid-Winter Meeting "No member of the association who heard the addresses of Colonel Frank Knox and W. J. Barnes and many others on the mid-year program, February 26 and 27, can Illinois Ni wspaper Diki ctory and History soon forget the inspiration these men brought to the meeting but these talks alone were not sufficient justification for the meeting. That meeting was called for a definite purpose. Ideas presented were sound, workable and practical enough to make them applicable to every newspaper represented in this organization. It was at the mid- year session that suggestions as to public utility and political advertising were first considered. The February meeting was, of course, the most general of all sessions of the association during the year. In addition there have been several group meetings. These in most cases were for the discussion of local problems, and active members attending those meetings will remember the discussion of matters affecting their own districts. "The largest of these district meetings was the one held in connection with the Executive Committee meeting in Springfield in August. Here again the subjects of public utility and political advertising were discussed and a Committee, composed of your president, secretary and chairman of the Executive Committee, was appointed to get in touch with heads of political party organizations and public utility companies. Political Advertising "This Committee did everything in its power to induce a proper consideration of the advertising columns of the newspapers on the part of candidates and heads of party organizations. You, no doubt, have not been satisfied with the results obtained. I am quite sure that I am not. Unfortunately, partisan politicians still feel that they can depend upon their party newspapers to a certain extent to present the merits of their platforms and representatives to the public. This, added to the fact that cam- paign funds were extremely limited this year, made the work of this Committee doubly difficult. "As I stated before, this political advertising committee was appointed in August of this year. It should have been appointed at least two years earlier and should have contained a much larger personnel in order that a more thorough job of solicitation might have been done. So-Called Free Publicity "The same thing that applies to political publicity applies to all other forms of material which come to the desk of the newspaper editor as a result of the activities of enterprising press agents who show their clients the fallacy of buying newspaper space when it can be obtained without cost. It has been aptly stated that this type of material is neither free nor publicity until it appears in your columns. I have become sick and tired of reading in the trade press of 'The free publicity chamber of horrors' when the onlv way to stop such practices lies within the province of an united press. Place yourself for the moment in the position of a manufacturer, let us say, for example, the American Tobacco Company. Let a publicity bureau representative come to you and say, 'We can get you 180,000 inches of publicity for SI 800.' This would be at the rate of 1c per inch. What would you do? Yes, and that is exactly what you should do. The advertiser seeking to get before the public the merchandise which he has to offer cannot be fairly criticized for adopting the most economical method. He can be stopped in his space-grafting activities only when the newspapers, by refusing his proffered releases, make paid advertising the more economical and satisfactory method of reaching the buyer. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Public Utility Advertising "You all are familiar with what has happened to utility schedules during the past few months. Copy has failed in practically all cases to equal in value the amount spent by the newspapers for current or service from the utility company. Surely every community in the state' is worth to the utility company serving it, the expenditure for advertising of a sum equal to that returned to it every month in the form of the newspaper's check for service. It was upon this basis that your Committee on public utility advertising presented its case to heads of utility organizations. Some real effec- tive work was done on this matter and while I do not have a report from all points in the state, I do know that since the first of October, schedules have been materially increased in many instances. "Members of our committee, with the addition of several other publishers, called on utility heads and were cordially received. We were given assurance that our propo- sition, as submitted, was considered fair and that every effort would be made to increase advertising schedules. The sincerity of this statement is attested by the subsequent stepping up of advertising schedules. Association Membership "I believe that membership in the Illinois Press association is a privilege and an honor that should not be held lightly. It is also of tremendous value from a dollars- and-cents standpoint to the individual member. It is a well-known fact that those things which involve the least expenditure of energy or money are the things which are the least appreciated. Officers and committees of this association put in hours and days and weeks of valuable time during the course of the year, in promoting and looking after those projects which are for the benefit of the publishers. The fruits of such success as they achieve are shared by every publisher in the state under the present system of 'every publisher a member.' "Illinois newspaper publishers and editors for the most part are appreciative enough of the work that is done in their interest to at least pay their annual dues. There are many, however, who fail, through neglect or otherwise, to even send in the small amount which is asked in the form of dues. Likewise, year after year, the burden of carrying on the work of the association falls on the shoulders of a few. Our faithful secretary, H. L. Williamson, labors unceasingly, year in and year out, in the interest of the newspaper men and women of the state. So does S. P. Preston, chairman of the executive committee. So do members of the legislative and other committees. It is my belief that these men are happy to carry on this work, but I also believe that every publisher who profits by their labors in the name of the Illinois Press association should not only be a member of the association in good standing by the prompt payment of the annual dues, but should give his whole-hearted co-operation in the performance of any reasonable activity in which he may be called upon to assist. Those who are unwill- ing or who neglect to do this much to assist and support the activities of the association should not in my opinion be recognized as members of the organization. "I would, therefore, strongly urge that only those whose dues are paid in advance and who indicate their willingness to co-operate in carrying forward the work of the association be regarded as members in good standing and entitled to all the services and benefits of the association. "I believe that with the adoption of this plan of membership and with dues fixed at a figure which would relieve the association of the constant embarrassment of an empty treasury, it would be possible for us to adopt the plan of other state associations in the matter of association management. I earnestly believe that it will be impossible 328 Illinois Newspaper Directory and Historv for us to function 100 per cent for every member until we have adopted a system of finance that will bring into our organization sufficient revenue to pay for the services of a field representative to assist our secretary with the enormous detail work that should be looked after in this state. If we had a system of this kind in effect here, it would mean that general advertising, political advertising, circulation promotion plans, local advertising plans and other activities of similar nature could be assembled under the direction of a full-time paid representative and made available for the mem- bership. Individual Co-operation "I have spoken of the desirability of an association in which every member is a co-operator. In this connection, I think it is logical to assume that those in attendance here today are here for the benefit they may receive through hearing problems of the craft discussed, but how many of you have taken a part in helping the other fellow along this year? Surely, during times like the present you have been able to do some- thing to assist in holding business in line — have developed at least one project which has proved successful in some measure in your own field. Have you passed this idea along to your fellow publishers? "The weekly bulletin sent out by our secretary is of immense value to the mem- bers of our association, and, incidentally, the ideas and tips which it carries into the offices of the publishers of our state are worth many times the amount paid in as dues by the individual member. But this bulletin could be made even more valuable if the publishers would contribute to it their experiences in various undertakings for the benefit of others. Legislation "This is a subject on which there is never any dearth of ideas, some good, some of little value and some bad, for the consideration of our legislative committee. Inciden- tally, I think it is a matter of common knowledge that, through the activities of those who have had this work in charge during the period of the last ten years or more, and with the assistance of those who have been called upon from time to time to help, more honest, fair legislation, for the benefit and protection of both public and pub- lishers has been placed upon the statute books of Illinois than in any other state in the union. "I would not presume to outline a program for our legislative committee, any member of which is far more conversant with the needs of the day than myself, but will merely mention one or two matters which might be considered by it in its de- liberations. "One of these is in connection with the present law covering the publication of reports of officers receiving and disbursing public monies. The only weak spot in this law is its failure to provide a penalty for failure to publish, and, in the matter of tax assessment lists, that the failure to publish does not invalidate the assessment. I believe, in the interest of the taxpayers of the state of Illinois, no opportunity should be left for the official to evade publication of reports and tax lists, which should be presented to the public in the interest of honest administration of public office and honest and equitable assessment of taxation. "Another legislative matter which might b* considered has to do with the publi- cation of specimen ballots in township elections. The law at present does not require the publication of specimen ballots and election notices in townships in which no newspaper is published. This permits town clerks and election officials in such town- ships, if they desire to do so, to withhold the publication of information to which the 329 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History voters are entitled and the burden falls on the newspaper circulating in that township to carry the information without pay, adding one more to the list of services by the newspaper, which, during times like the present are increasing as steadily as its reve- nue decreased. "No attempt will, be made here to inform you at this time of the progress of the suit sponsored by this association to test the validity of the publication law, a report of which you will hear at a later session of this convention. "There are, of course, other legislative matters which will be considered by our committee, and that committee will, in its wisdom, I feel sure, undertake the presenta- tion to our general assembly of those which are for the best interests of the news- papers and the people of the great state which they serve. The Newspaper in Politics "The subject of the newspaper in politics is one on which there are so many differ- ent opinions that no angle of it can be mentioned without many exceptions arising. Even at the risk of severe criticism, however, I am going to exercise my prerogative to inject an opinion which I have long had and which has been strengthened with the passing years. "In the old days when newspapers were intensely partisan, many columns were devoted to the lambasting of opposing political parties and the vilification of its candi- dates, a type of journalism the passing of which has been a source of satisfaction to most of those now engaged in this great profession. "With the merging of newspapers which have left many fields with only one news- paper, and with the establishment of the newspaper on the basis of a business institution rather than party organ, the pendulum is now swinging to the other extreme and we find many editors straddling the fence both as to party platforms and individual can- didates. This attitude, in many cases, is admittedly due to the fear on the part of the publisher of alienating the support of a portion of his clientele and the attendant effect on the business office receipts, and weekly and daily publishers are equally guilty. "The fallacy of this attitude, in my opinion, is best illustrated by the statement to your president recently of the publisher of one of the great metropolitan dailies. At a time when most newspapers were losing circulation, this publisher, over a given period reported the loss of 12,000 subscribers. His paper boldly and aggressively sup- ported its candidate for president. During the same period rival newspapers which supported neither candidate lost several times that number. Readers respect the news- paper whose editor has an opinion and dares to express it, even though they may differ with him. "The news columns should adhere strictly to the policy of a fair presentation of the news of both parties and all candidates, but in my opinion the readers still expect their newspaper to have some ideas as to the merits of party and the ability of candi- dates. The voter is still largely guided in his decisions by the opinion of the newspaper in which he has confidence. Therefore, editorial expressions on political subjects should be presented. The public expects and is entitled to the ideas of the editor on this subject. They should be given fully and fairly and only after the information which is available to the editor has been carefully weighed and considered. But they should be given. Future of the Weekly "In the newspaper business as in all other walks of life, the grass on the other side of the fence always looks better than that to be found in our own pastures. This is particularly true, when the publisher of a weekly paper turns through the pages of Illinois Newspaper Directory and History a daily in his territory and sees the large amount of general linage that is> being carried there. Tobaccos, soaps, cosmetics, large spreads of financial copy, all combine to make the weekly publisher feel that he is being discriminated against by the large general advertiser. Seldom does he stop to realize that the daily editor is faced with just such a problem. He can look at the large magazine and find copy that he thinks should have been run in his paper. He can listen to the radio and hear thousands of dollars scampering away from him that he might have gotten, but in one respect the daily publisher is far ahead of the weekly advertising department, because he has learned that if he is to participate in the banquet just over the fence, he must do something more than wish. "For years the daily publisher or advertising manager has been in the field selling his product. He has had the assistance of a selling organization either within or just outside his own staff, constantly singing the story of the daily paper. He has found out that if he is to obtain general advertising linage, he must work for it, just the same as he does in his own local field and he is willing to pay for the services of some one to do this selling job. Representatives, if you please, in the daily field, are rightfully looked upon as a part of the cost of production in advertising. Of course, some repre- sentatives are better than others, just the same as some local solicitors are better than others. The representative is definitely a part of the solicitation program, and his success in the field of selling is measured entirely by the co-operation that he is able to obtain from his publisher. In this line, the daily is also far ahead of the weekly. Ask any live- wire advertising manager any question that comes to your mind in connection with his market and he will be able to give you a definite answer. He doesn't even ask you to take his word for the number of subscribers that he has; he merely hands you an audit report — Is it any wonder that the daily publisher is able to obtain more business? He does, because of the fact that he operates on a business basis. — Then, you ask, 'What is the future of the weekly newspaper?' 'Will it continue to function as a necessary part of your community?' I believe that I can answer that question in the affirmative, if you will allow me to make some very pointed qualifications. First, let us analyze the reason for the existence of a local newspaper. It is the egotism of your reader that has kept your paper alive all these years. The desire to see his name in print, his curiosity, his desire to raise a better bunch of hogs, a taller stalk of corn, a larger pumpkin, or a more brillant college senior than his neighbor. "The reason for existence of, and the matter of profit from a paper in a local community are two entirely different subjects, however. What we are interested in, is this: Will the local paper continue to serve a need from an advertising standpoint, and can it be operated at a profit in the future? Will it be necessary for you to continue to watch your daily neighbor carry larger general copy than you can pos- sibly obtain? "The weekly publisher cannot operate at a profit, now or in the future, if proper business methods are not in use. "Then there is the matter of following instructions on an insertion order. A con- tract went out to 77 papers in Illinois last year, and of these 77, only three papers ran the order according to instructions. The variations ran all the way from increasing the size of the ads to omitting the names of the local dealer. What can the weekly newspaper expect in a case of this kind? Tie such unbusinesslike methods up to the fact that there has never been an effective job of selling the weekly market and you can readily see how the most effective advertising medium in the United States today is being passed up by many advertisers who should and would like to use the weekly paper. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Conclusion "There is in the foregoing perhaps little of value and nothing new to the members of this association. I have tried to point out a few of the activities which have been attempted under my administration and mentioned some of those problems which are constantly before the newspaper men and women of the state of Illinois. They are subjects which have constituted our problems for many years, and which will con- tinue to be those things which engage our minds and energies as long as we continue in the profession which is so dear to our hearts. "May I repeat that my brief period of service has brought me more pleasure and satisfaction than I will ever be able to express. My hope is that the Illinois Press Associa- tion may continue as an organization for constructive good to its membership, and to the people of our great state. I hope that as I pass out of the office of president, I may be accorded the opportunity to continue to serve in whatever manner those who have the directing of the Association's affairs in the future may deem best." Following President Scott on the program was S. J. Duncan-Clark, special writer of the Chicago Daily News who gave an address on the "Newspaper's Responsibility to the Community." In his talk he urged the importance of having schools of journalism train students to handle important news in a more significant and interesting way. "Advertising from the Solicitor's Point of View," was the subject discussed by K. F. Baldridge, publisher of the Bloomfield, Iowa, Democrat, and director of the National Editorial Association. Charles L. Allen, member of the School of Journalism faculty and publisher of the Fisher, Illinois, Reporter spoke on "Operating a Weekly at a Profit in 1932." G. C. Terry, publisher of the Tri-County, Polo, Press, spoke briefly on the same topic. The Thursday afternoon session closed with one of the regular annual features, the clinic for sick newspapers, conducted by Professor Reuel R. Barlow of the School of Journalism, director of the state and national newspaper contests. The Past Presidents' Dinner was held Thursday evening with twenty members present. H. U. Bailey, editor of the Princeton Bureau County Republican was elected president, Howe V. Morgan, editor of the Sparta News-Plaindealer was elected vice president, and the newest member, Gerry D. Scott, was elected secretary. The Thursday evening program consisted of informal theater parties at which members were guests of the managers of various theaters in Champaign and Urbana, and of students who were presenting the "Butter and Egg Man" in the new Little Theater of Lincoln Hall on the University campus. A few members attended an in- formal gathering at which J. Marvin Larkin explained the uses of the newspaper cooking school as a business promotion and good will device. Friday morning Josef F. Wright, director of station WILL at the University and director of public information for the University spoke briefly on "The Radio and the Newspaper" pointing out the extent to which the radio was a competitor with the press. "Consolidation of Government Units," was discussed by C. M. Kneier of the political science department of the University. His picture of contemporary conditions is worthy of preservation. Here it is: "There is a great increase in the cost of government in the United States. The gross governmental expenditures now amount to about 1 3 billion dollars a year, or $100 for every man, woman and child. This would amount to about $500 for every productive worker. The per capita cost has increased from $12 in 1913 to $100 in 1930. The real significant relationship, however, is that of the tax burden and the earned income Illinois Newspaper Directory and History of the country. While approximately 6' 2 cents out of every dollar earned in 1913 went for taxes, it is estimated that in 1932, approximately 30 cents out of every dollar earned I-. going for the support of government. "The greater part of this money raised through taxation is going for the support of local government. Thus of the governmental expenditures of 13 billion dollars, over 7 billions go for the support of local governments. "The increase in governmental costs is due in part to the increase in the functions or services performed by the government. These new governmental services may be desirable, and in most cases they are, but we must face the fact that they cost money. \\ Ink a few activities, as municipally owned utilities, are self-supporting, this is not true in the case of the majority of functions. "Another reason for the high cost of government is the unsatisfactory organization of local areas. By simplification of local governmental areas it seems as if economies could be made. There are about 2 5 0,000 governmental units in the United States. Illinois has over 15,000 governments, or one for every 473 people. Operating these 250,000 govern- ments in the United States are 900,000 elected officials and over 2,500,000 full time employees. "The result of this multiplication of governments is duplication of effort and unneces- sary expense. This is especially true of the metropolitan area around Chicago. "The county is no longer a satisfactory area of government. Cut to the pattern of the horse and buggy days it is too small to bring efficient results today. The property investment in public buildings, and the number of officers and employees is greater than is necessary. A comparison of county taxes in large and small counties shows that the per capita taxes in the smaller counties are more than in the larger counties. "The township is also unsatisfactory as an area of local administration. This unit is found, however, in 86 of the 102 counties of the state. A comparison of counties of the two classes of approximately the same population and wealth shows a substantial difference in favor of the non-township counties. "The one 100m school district is another unsatisfactory unit of governmental admin- istration in Illinois. There are about 12,000 elementary school districts in Illinois. A larger unit would tend to reduce the expense ,.nd to increase the efficiency of the school system. "Consolidation and reorganization of local governmental areas thus offers a fertile field in considering the problem of reducing governmental expenditures." Irving L. Dilliird, editorial writer on the St. Louis Post-Dispatch and a graduate of the university with the class of 1927 spoke on "Looking Over the Editorial Page." He stressed the need for competent treatment of local situations and the dignity that a first class editorial page gives to a newspaper. "Professional Ethics a c Applied to the Newspaper Business," occupied the attention of the members during the balance of the morning session and the first part of the after- noon meeting. The speakers on this subject were John M. Sheets, editor of the Oblong Oracle and past president of the association, and John L. Meyer, secretary of the Inland Daily Press association. Mr. Sheets said in part: "When I was apprised of my subject, 'Professional Ethics as Applied to the New spapei Business,' I wondered what it was all about. "Noah Webster says: 'Professional' means 'Opposed to Amateur.' 'Ethics,' the 'Science of the Ideal Human Character.' If we are to be guided by the first definition, we must at once rise above, and take place with, the skilled, the learned, the experienced. If we are to be led by the second definition we must envision an ideal and make it a part of our character and daily life, with the human instinct for right living, wholesome fel- lowship, scientific advancement, divinely guided. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History "I found in my further consideration of this all important subject that there are at least two distinct phases of the question, almost, if not quite wholly separate from each other. "In the first instance, we are brought face to face with the definite pronouncement of the National Association of Newspaper Editors in Canons of Journalism, adopted away back in 1923 and re-adopted and ratified by the American Society of Newspaper Editors in 1925. "These Canons divided into seven component parts, prescribe the primary function of newspapers, how they shall 'communicate to the human race what its members do, feel and think.' These Canons continue to say 'Journalism, therefore, demands of its practitioners the widest range of intelligence, of knowledge, and of experience, as well as natural and trained powers of observation and reasoning.' "To the end of finding some means of codifying sound practice and just aspirations of American Journalism, seven provisions were adopted: 1st — Responsibility; 2nd — Free- dom of the Press; 3rd — Independence; 4th — Sincerity, Truthfulness, Accuracy; 5th — Impartiality; 6th — Fair Play; 7th — Decency. These rules governing the professional and ethical side of Journalism are couched in less than 800 words and are sufficient and binding enough to guide the composition and publication of any worthy newspaper. These Canons are so replete with the spirit of humanity as to warrant continuity of any newspaper fol- lowing the dictums of these rules and the guidance included therein. "May I enjoin your attention to the fact that the action of the American Society of Newspaper Editors had in mind, if I mistake, not, the thought of the newspaper in its relationship to the public — to humanity itself. This feature has been well provided for in the moral and ethical laws instituted by the Society and the enforcement of Federal statutory and State laws of the Nation. "But there comes from the background a forgotten fraternal law which should gov- ern the actions between editors and publishers, a law just as necessary, if journalism is to play the important role in the future that it has played in the historic past. "Before canons of journalism were instituted, before fair play was considered a part of, or given a place in, modern journalism, before decency became an adjunct to the moral code governing the publication of newspapers, before sincerity, truthfulness and accuracy became a demand of a suffering public, newspapers ran rampant with ingenuous diatribe and were filled by the column with vilification, innuendo and lashing blackmail. Against such practices a new law has been developed, a law calling for fraternal relations between newspaper men. "Jealousy has no place in modern journalism between two editors. Editors, like ath- letes, should be 'good sports' and give credit to whom credit is due. A good athlete in any physical extreme is always ready and willing to acknowledge the superiority of his competitor when such antagonist demonstrates his superior powers. Editors and pub- lishers can ill afford to oppose each other in their pursuits in the printing and publishing line. Instead of issuing a dictum on occasion, that the game portends the survival of the fittest, the spirit of co-operation should prevail; a get-together-action should ensue and the two business and mental gladiators unite for stronger and better things to be shared with a pitiful public. "An attack by one editor on another, charging that if the victim had been publishing a newspaper in the days of the physically living Christ he would have opposed Him by supporting the Roman Emperor and his appointees, Herod and Pontius Pilot; that if he had been publishing a newspaper at the time of George Washington when commanding the barefoot and starving army at Valley Forge, such publisher would have been found on the side of King George III; that if he had been publishing a newspaper during an episode 3 34 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History between two strongly contending forces, in which conflict the editor so charged was wrongly allied; such and all other similar imputations are wrong in essence, diametrical to good wholesome journalism, and tend to debauch the spirit of higher, finer and more ennobling principles of fair play in journalism. "Our actions and thought should lead to the stamping out of unscrupulous compe- tition by substituting the more modern and humane principle of fraternal co-operation. "God Almighty never intended that this or any other nation, this or any other pro- fession, this or any other principle should be dominated by one man. Had He so planned, I [e would not have turned the eye of Moses back to Mount Moab and let Joshua lead the hosts into the Promised Land. He let Mr. Moses climb the mountain and look over into the Promised Land, and then provided a successor, less dominating, less usurpatory, less commanding. Let me liken Moses to some newspaper men who want to be the whole whip, the whole lock, stock and barrel. Such men and such practices have no place in the reborn principles of a new and dawning newspaperdom. Let's get along together or get out of the realm of an honored and clean profession. "Do not mistake my meaning. Honorable competition is a thing not to be discounted. It has its place, even though big business today tends toward centralization. The law of competition can be so devoted to the use of original ideas, fairly practiced, that it becomes a blessing to the profession, rather than a deterrent. Superior service, in keeping with wholesome practice, is a splendid thing, and counts strongly against a competitor, however ethical he may be. It should be classed as fair play. "But getting closer to the point of strengthening co-operation. Isn't it better to help one another than it is habitually and bitterly to oppose? Isn't a word of recognition, a word of commendation or an act of kindness expressed in terms of fraternal association better for you than snobbish conduct? Please do not take me as talking to children nor to unthinking men and women; yet after all, how damnably childish, many times selfish and arrogant we sometimes become with one another. "Let me offer a homely illustration. If perchance, a quack, a doctor, a lecturer, an actor, a politician or a whatnot visits your city or enters your sanctum sanctorum, you give him the full floodlight of publicity, and that usually free of charge. Let a poor country editor visit you, publish a good newspaper in an adjoining city, perform some act of charity or evolve a movement for development, and how much space do you give him in recognition of such merit? Would not an act of approbation of this gentle- manly, fair, and impartial competitor build up and strengthen your business by showing to the public the man your profession contains? "How many, many scores of times have you sat under the sound of some eminent divine, listened to the discourse of a popular lecturer, or read in prose, poetry or song, and heard or read references made to the dignity, to the intelligence and high standing of the practitioners of law and medicine and the followers of banking, school teaching and similar professions? Compare these with any references ever made to just plain, common editors. How much 'free publicity' like this does a country editor ever get, let it come from the house of God, the business forum, or the platform? May I ask you why? Are we unworthy as professional journalists, or as individuals, and why? Is our profession recognized as being high or low? If low, why? My answer to the latter question would be, as viewed by the eye of the public, proper recognition is retarded by a lack of ethical administration, co-operative spirit, humane practices, fra- ternal recognition, on our own part. "Who is more fortunate in free publicity than the doctor, and he an antagonist of advertising? Who is touted before the world more than his honor, the lawyer? Who seeks more free publicity than the banker? And yet, who needs more recognition than 'ye editor'? 335 Illinois Newspaper Dirfctory and History "Now, these are trying days. Confronted as we are, with telephones, telegraph, radios, automobiles and other devices for the transference of intelligence, all in direct competition with the weekly and small daily newspapers, it behooves us to stand solidly together, quit fighting in unprofessional senses, quit competing unfairly, and all come under the white banner, of co-operation. By so doing we will last longer, be more effective, more powerful, more influential, more happy, and more nearly ready to meet our God; and by doing so we will perpetuate the spirit of tried and true journalism. "This is my viewpoint, poorly but earnestly expressed in the spirit of Professional Ethics as Applied to the Newspaper Business." Arthur H. Brayton, editor of the Dry Goods Trade Journal of Des Moines, Iowa, enlivened the afternoon session with a vigorous talk on "What the Merchant Wants from the Newspaper." He was followed by Frank L. Swigart of N. W. Ayer and Sons, Philadelphia, who spoke on "What the Agency Desires from the Newspaper." The general session was broken up at 3:30 to permit separate meetings of the daily and weekly editors. The daily men held a brief session under the chairmanship of Curtis G. Small, editor and manager of the Harrisburg Daily Register. M. W. Camp- bell, editor of the Moline Dispatch, and Professor Reuel R. Barlow spoke on the "Edito- rial Page" and Arthur W. Cooley, president of the Inland Newspaper Representatives, Incorporated, spoke on "Extra Representation in the National Advertising Field." A general discussion of daily problems was held. The weekly group gave their time to a consideration of the "Accredited Plan for Weekly Newspapers." C. A. Baumgart, editor of Newspaper Advertising Service, pre- sented the matter from the standpoint of the newspapers and G. V. Lowrie, space buyer for McCann-Erickson, Incorporated, of Chicago from the standpoint of the agencies. The banquet Friday evening was made notable by the humorous and timely remarks of Harry B. Potter, editor of the Marshall Herald, who served as toastmaster, and by the address of Professor W. M. McGovern of Northwestern university who spoke on his adventures in the Near East. The event took place at the Southern Tea Room, with a depression price of $1.00 as the charge, and all of the delegates and convention visitors were present. President Harry W. Chase of the university was "placed on trial" and subjected to a humorous intelligence test under the direction of Arthur H. Brayton, who sought answers to the following questions: what kind of an umbrella does the king of England carry when it is raining; what does a goat become after it is nine years of age; and, if a boy, under circumstances over which he has no control, cats his father and mother what is he. For the benefit of those not present at the affair and to prevent an avalanche of letters to the editor of this record the answers to these questions are duly noted here: wet; ten years old; and, an orphan. President Chase extended greetings to the members after he had recovered from his examination. He offered the members certain information about the university which was to be made available later in published form and which dealt with the finances and the work of the institution. Mrs. B. F. Morgan gave a reading, the Name of Old Glory, and Miss Rachel Austin, a xylophone solo. Both responded with encores to generous applause. Miss Austin, a student at the university, was accompanied by Mrs. Evelyn Lindgren, pianist. A campus orchestra played during the banquet. Gov- ernor-elect Henry Horner, who was scheduled to attend, was unable to be present as he had left the state for a brief vacation before taking up his duties in Springfield. At the conclusion of the speaking program the banquet was adjourned but the members retained their places to witness the showing of The Illini Trail, a campus 3 36 1 1 i i\Dis Newspaper Dire< iory \ni> Histori talking picture of considerable interest which had been produced under the direction of the alumni association and the senior class. Saturday morning I [erschel J. Blazer, editor of the Aledo Times-Record, led a dis- cussion of "How Shall We Answer the Question, 'Why are Advertising Rates Not Reduced?' " An open forum followed. J. E. McClure, chairman of the building com- mittee of the association then presented the following report: "To the Officer! and Member! of the lllinoii Presi Association: "Your committee on new building for the School of Journalism at the University of Illinois was originally appointed on November 22, 1930. It has had numerous meet- ings and has continued to function and has sought at all times to carry on under the commission given it by this Association. "An extended report of the acts and doings of the committee was made to the Association in October, 193 1. "That report was approved, the committee was authorized to continue, and the president of the Association, the secretary, and the chairman of the Executive Com- mittee, were added to, and made a part of, the committee. "Since then the members of the committee have met together from time to time. They have conferred with the University authorities, including President H. W. Chase and the architect. Professor James M. White. The special committee of the Trustees, as well as the other members of that body, have manifested interest in our appeal. We believed that the ground work was thoroughly laid for the incorporation of an adequate sum for a School of Journalism Building into the regular budget to be sub- mitted by the University authorities at the 1933 session of the General Assembly. "But general economic conditions went from bad to worse. There was a growing belief among the members of your committee that possibly an appeal for an appropria- tion next January would be unwise. A meeting of the members of the committee was held in Springfield. The chairman of the committee also communicated with each member who found it impossible to attend that special session. We met together, we discussed the subject at length, we took into consideration the views of the absent ones, and then by unanimous vote we adopted the following resolution: "Whereas, this state and country are in the midst of a world-wide financial de- pression which is having its effect on every line of business, rendering it absolutely necessary, if these conditions are to be corrected, that the strictest economy be prac- ticed, not only by individuals but by all activities of state and nation; and "Whereas, the Illinois Press association has long felt the great necessity for an adequate and suitable building to house the School of Journalism at the University of Illinois, and that it should be so designed that it would meet the present demands as well as the future needs, and such a structure as would be a credit to the State of Illinois, and the men and women engaged in newspaper work in this State; and "Whereas, since definite, affirmative action has been taken by the association look- ing to the ultimate construction of such a building, by the appointment of a Building Committee, which has been functioning now for two years, actively engaged in efforts to carry out the instructions of the association, and since the time is near at hand when the University authorities must know what our wishes are; "Tin refore, Be It Resolved, by the members of the Building Committee of the Illinois Press association, in special session convened in the city of Springfield, Illi- nois, on the 24th day of August, 1932, that we deem it unwise, in view of all the existing conditions, to ask the Board of Trustees to incorporate in their budget this this year, for submission to the next session of the general assembly, a request for an appropriation for a School of Journalism building; and that the chairman of this com- 337 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History mittee transmit a copy of this Resolution to President H. W. Chase, and the Board of Trustees, of the University of Illinois. "Resolved Further, that in reaching this conclusion, this committee desires to state that it is as firmly as ever of the opinion that there should be a School of Jour- nalism building at the State, University, and that we are suspending our efforts in that behalf for the present, simple and solely because, as individuals and publishers, we believe it is our duty in this crisis to practice the strictest economy in public affairs, as well as in private undertakings. "We believe further that the tax-paying public should not be asked in these times to assume financial obligations for anything except that which is positively an actual and immediate necessity. "It is in such spirit that this Resolution is offered, and with the definite under- standing by the members of this committee that we, representing the Illinois Press association, will renew our efforts to secure a building for the School of Journalism when, in our opinion, the economic situation in state and nation is such as to warrant it." A copy was transmitted to President H. W. Chase, who replied as follows: September 13, 1932. "Mr. J. E. McClure, The Carlinville Democrat, Carlinville, Illinois "Dear Mr. McClure: "Although Mr. Johnston has acknowledged your letter of August 26, I want to send you a personal word of appreciation of the resolution adopted by the Illinois Press association with reference to a building for the School of Journalism here at the Uni- versity. It surely is a fine expression of the public-spirited attitude of the association. I know how much you people had your hearts set on securing this building for the University in the near future, and I know how much the Board of Trustees will appre- ciate the stand which your organization has taken in view of the financial situation which confronts all governmental bodies. "I shall be looking forward to seeing you and your colleagues at the meeting here in November, and if you have occasion to come here before that time I hope you will give me the pleasure of a visit. "With best wishes, I am Cordially yours, H. W. Chase, President" Action was taken at the business session to limit membership benefits to those who paid their dues each year because of the heavy expense and responsibilities carried by such members and the unfairness of having others receive what they had not worked for nor paid for. The members voted, also, to honor men of long and distinguished service to the association by making them honorary presidents, irrespective of their party affiliations or their lack of party affiliations. The basis, in general, was set at 2 5 years of member- ship with an excellent record during that time. A committee was named to work out the details of the plan. Radio competition provoked a lively discussion. A committee was named to study this competition during the year following and to report on it at the future meetings. The committee consisted of L. M. Wood, Flora, chairman; S. P. Preston, Gillespie; Preston F. Grandon, La Salle; King Williams, Chicago Heights. Professor Reuel R. Barlow announced the winners of the state newspaper contest during the convention. The winners were: Illinois Newspaper Dire< lory and History Class A — Weeklies (population over 2,000): La Grange Citizen, Sullivan Progress, Harvard Herald; Distinguished Rating, Carthage, Hancock County Journal; Crystal Lake Herald, Montic;llo Bulletin, Niles Center-Morton Grove News, Sparta News- Plaindealer. Class B — Weeklies (population under 2,000): Rantoul Press, Chadwick Review, Areola Record-Herald; Washington, Tazewell County Reporter; Distinguished Rating, Farmer City Journal, Golconda, Herald-Enterprise; Elmwood Gazette, Chatsworth Plaindealer, Glenview View, Kansas Journal, Morrisonville Times, Barry Adage, Mor- ton News. Class C — Miscellaneous (published semi-weekly, tri-weekly, etc.): Greenville Advocate. Class A — Dailies (population over 100,000): Peoria Transcript. Class B — Dailies (population between 20,000 and 100,000): Evanston News- Index, Rockford Register-Republic, East St. Louis Journal. Class C — Dailies (population under 20,000): Kewanee Star-Courier, Macomb Journal, Canton Ledger, Dixon Telegraph; Distinguished Rating, Harrisburg Register, Jacksonville Courier. Best Weekly Editorial: La Grange Citizen, Sullivan Progress; Carthage, Hancock County Journal; Distinguished Rating, Naperville Clarion. Best Daily Editorial: West Frankfort Daily American, Chicago Daily Times, Moline Daily Dispatch. Best Weekly News Stories: Carthage, Hancock County Journal; Cobden Review, Greenville Advocate; Distinguished Rating, Sparta News-Plaindealer, Chester Herald- Tribune, Crystal Lake Herald, Vandalia Union. Best Daily News Stones: Macomb Daily Journal. Wayne V. Harsha, managing editor of National Printer Journalist, then presented the necrology report of the association for the press of the state during the preceding year. It showed a death list of 150 active and former newspaper men and women. H. L. Williamson presented his report as secretary showing 282 members in good stand- ing. The treasurer's figures showed receipts of $2,651.02 and expenditures of $2,478.35. Of this amount $880 was for advertising which was handled through the association and appeared as a re;eipt and expenditure but which went to eight newspapers of the state and was merely cleared through the association office. The larger items of expense during the year were for printing ($925), a press banquet in Springfield ($350), ex- penditures of the State Press Council established to focus attention on recovery news ($76.75); midwinter convention expenses at the Sherman hotel, Chicago ($50.94); telephone and telegraph costs (S105); badges for midwinter meeting ($16.70). The cost for certain out-of-state speakers and certain incidentals at the annual meeting at the University of Illinois is paid by the School of Journalism and such items do not show in the press association records. The School is able to bring speakers for an all state journalism conference and pay for certain convention arrangements because the general press meet- ings are open to the press of the whole state and the benefit conferred is not confined to the members of a single organization. The Hall of Fame committee, represented by its chairman, L. M. Wood, editor of the Flora Journal and Record, made the following report of action taken at a meet- ing Friday noon: "The Committee announces the election of four men to the General section of the Hall of Fame and one man to the State section. "The four men elected to the General section are Edwin Lawrence Godkin, founder of the Nation and an outstanding editor of the New York Evening Post; Maximilian 339 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Harden, great editor-statesman of Germany, fearless critic of the German government and high command in the World War period; Henry Watterson, known as the last of the great personal journalists and outstanding editor of the Louisville Courier-Journal; and Samuel Clemens, printer-editor-author known to the world as Mark Twain. "The man elected to the State section is the late Charles W. Bliss, long time editor of the Montgomery County News, several times a state senator, past president of the Illinois Press association, and one of Illinois' great country editors. "The Hall of Fame committee reports adoption of a plan to take tentative action on nominations and then hold over the names for a year before final action is taken. During the year that the names ?re awaiting final action publicity will be given to them and opportunity offered for objections to be registered and considered. Final action will be taken at the end of the year when the names are considered the second time. "Report is here presented of a decision of the committee to have the names of men elected to the general section inscribed on a plaque to be erected in the Hall. As in the past men elected to the State section will be memorialized by erection of busts in their honor. "The Committee presents the name of C. W. Orcutt of the Bloomington Panta- graph to replace that of A. L. Bowen, retiring member of the Committee. It recom- mends the election of Mr. Orcutt. "Mr. President, I move the adoption of the report. L. M. Wood, chairman." (Members of the committee: L. M. Wood, A. A. Raboin, A. L. Bowen, C. R. Bush, L. W. Murphy, H. L. Williamson.) Officers elected for the year 1933 were: S. P. Preston, editor of the Gillespie News and former chairman of the executive committee and president of the association in 1918-19, president; Mrs. Mabel Shaw, Dixon Evening Telegraph, first vice president; John P. Beckman, Hancock County Journal (Carthage), second vice president; H. H. Stevens, Paxton Record, third vice president; H. L. Williamson, National Printer Jour- nalist (Springfield), secretary; W. L. Schmidt, Benld Enterprise, treasurer; R. W. Jones, Johnston City Progress, chaplain. The committees of the association for 193 3 included the following: Executive committee: Gerry D. Scott, Wyoming Post-Herald, chairman; W. W. Loomis, LaGrange Citizen; Fred E. Sterling, Rockford Register-Gazette; John M. Sheets, Oblong Oracle; Paul R. Goddard, Tazewell County Reporter (Washington) ; Howe V. Morgan, Sparta News-Plaindealer; J. E. Dertinger, Bushnell Record; C. P. Bliss, Montgomery County News (Hillsboro). Legislative committee: James E. McClure, Carlinville Democrat, chairman; J. M. Page, Jersey County Democrat (Jerseyville) ; W. W. Evans, Belleville Advocate; Rollo N. Givler, Naperville Clarion; W. W. Loomis, La Grange Citizen; V. Y. Dallman, Illinois State Register (Springfield); J. Emil Smith, Illinois State Journal (Springfield). World's Fair committee: J. M. Page, Jersey County Democrat (Jerseyville); Flomer B. Clemmons, Blue Island Sun Standard; W. A. Jolley, Roodhouse Record; Albert H. Gravenhorst, Effingham Review; John L. Udell, Highland Park Press; Telfer MacArthur, Oak Park Leaves; A. M. Lambert, Harvey Tribune. Hall of Fame committee: L. M. Wood, Flora Journal-Record, chairman; C. W. Orcutt, Bloomington Pantagraph; A. A. Raboin, Chatsworth Plaindealer; Carroll Bush, Pike County Democrat (Pittsfield) ; L. W. Murphy, University of Illinois; H. L. Wil- liamson, National Printer Journalist (Springfield); S. P. Preston, Gillespie News; Gerry D. Scott, Wyoming Post-Herald. h i inois \i im'ai'i k Directory and History The convention adjourned at noon to allow the members to attend the Indiana- Illinois football game in the Illinois Memorial stadium. The close of the year 1932 found the Association's College of Journalism at the University of Illinois with 120 graduate alumni and 6 5 seniors on its rolls. The graduat- ing classes by years were as follows: 1928 — 13; 1929 — 23; 1930 — 30; 1931 — 46; 1932 — 52. That the School is regulating its classes to meet the needs of the profession is indicated by comparison of these figures with the number of deaths in the fraternity. The necrology for 1932 showed that more than 150 active and retired newspaper men of the State had died. The School had graduated but 52 students that year to take the place of these men and women of the press. The Northwestern (Medill) school had graduated but 3 5. These two schools of journalism were the only ones in the state. Professional Certificates The Illinois Press Association announced on January 1, 1933, that the following was a complete list of all those who had been awarded the MPJ certificate of profes- sional standing in journalism from 1926 to 193 3. The numbers are taken from the files. 1. Albert H. Gravenhorst, Effingham County Review; 2. Warren F. Hardy, De- catur Herald; 3. Harry B. Potter, Marshall Herald; 4. John Harrison, Danville Com- mercial-News; 5. H. L. Williamson, National Printer Journalist, Springfield; 6. William J. Smith, Waukegan Daily Sun; 7. S. P. Preston, Gillespie News; 8. H. U. Bailey, Bureau County Republican, Princeton; 9. Chauncey Stewart Conger, White County Democrat, Carmi; 10. Owen Scott, Bloomington Bulletin; 11. W. B. Davis, Mt. Sterling Democrat-Message; 12. Eugene L'Hote, of Milford; 13. W. T. Bedford, La Salle Trib- une; 14. S. K. Strother, of Taylorville; 15. J. C. Adams, Peotone Vedette; 16. Charles Bradshaw, Cirrollton Patriot; 17. Charles Boeschenstein, Edwardsville Intelligencer. 18. C. M. Tinney, Virginia Gazette; 19. M. F. Walsh, Harvard Herald and Inde- pendent; 20. O. L. Davis, Champaign News-Gazette; 21. Thomas Rees, Springfield State Register; 22. Reuel R. Barlow, of Urbana; 23. Edward Price Bell, Chicago Daily News; 24. Walter A. Strong, Chicago Daily News; 2 5. Robert M. Lee, Chicago Daily Tribune; 26. Arthur Sears Henning, Chicago Daily Tribune; 27. James O'Donnell Bennett, Chicago Daily Tribune; 28. Frank W. Scott, D. C. Heath Publishing Com- pany, Boston, Massachusetts; 29. Lawrence W. Murphy, of Urbana; 30. Robert M. Jones, Chicago Daily Tribune; 31. V. W. Loomis, La Grange Citizen; }2. Putney Haight, Chicago Daily Tribune; 3 3. John T. McCutcheon, Chicago Daily Tribune. 34. Charles E. Snyder, Chicago Daily Drovers Journal; 3 5. O. L. Hall, Chicago Daily Journal; 36. Glenn Griswold, Chicago Journal of Commerce; 37. R. J. Finnegan, Chicago Daily Journal; 3S. E. S. Beck, Chicago Tribune; 39. R. R. McCormick, Chicago Tribune; 40. Charles A. Segner, Chicago Evening Post; 41. John C. Shaffer, Chicago Evening Post; 42. Charles H. Dennis, Chicago Daily News; 43. Ward A. Neff, Chicago Drovers' Journal; 44. H. F. Harrington, of Evanston; 45. Vaughn Bryant, of Evanston; 46. Henry Justin Smith, Chicago Daily News; 47. Otho Clarke Leiter, of Urbana; 48. Elmo Scott Watson, Publishers' Auxiliary, Chicago; 49. Tom Wren, Chicago Daily Tribune. 50. J. M. Page, Jersey County Democrat, Jerseyville; 5 1. Roy Clippinger, Carmi Tribune-Times; 52. Edmund Howard Childress, Wayne County Press, Fairfield; 5 3. Gerry Dee Scott, Wyoming Post-Herald; 54. Edwin S. Wightman, Farmer City Journal; 5 5. Lee Rush Blackman, Moline Dispatch; 56. Edward Bissell Tabor, Earlville Leader; 57. James Clinton Tippett, Piatt County Republican, Monticello; 5 8. Harlow Blair Brown, Bureau County Tribune, Princeton; 5 9. Worthington Henry Thomas, Mount 341 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Morris Index; 60. Charles Earl Warwick, Canton Daily Ledger; 61. Verne E. Joy, Centralia Evening Sentinel; 62. James E. McClure, Carlinville Democrat; 63. George W. Mockmore, Camp Point Journal; 64. Harry L. Boynton, Byron Express; 65. O. A. Mather, Chicago Daily Tribune; 66. Gilbert Fay Colby, Pecatonica News; 67. Charles August Violet, Momence Press-Reporter; 68. Malcoln Anson Gurley, Zeigler News; 69. Preston Finch Grandon, La Salle Daily Post-Tribune; 70. G. Wiley Beveridge, Lacon Home Journal. 71. Foster W. Riddick, Lawrenceville Daily Record; 72. Raymond Ryan Denison, Lawrenceville Daily Record; 73. Hugh Robb Moffet, Review Atlas, Monmouth; 74. Ed C. Brandenburger, Sullivan Progress; 75. John Milton Sheets, Oblong Oracle; 76. Henry Arthur Stevens, Paxton Daily Record; 77. Hugh S. Lilly, Windsor Gazette; 78. Frank A. Leven, Vermilion County Star, Danville; 79. Hugh Fullerton, Chicago Tribune; 80. Don Maxwell, Chicago Tribune; 81. Charles Wesley Bliss, Montgomery News, Hillsboro; 82. Isaac Strother Storm, Shelbyville Democrat; 83. H. L. Durant, Wheaton Illinoian; 84. Franklin John Bamber, Home Times, Flanagan. 85. Charles Braley Mead, Geneva Republican; 86. George Washington Nisley, Men- dota Reporter and Sun-Bulletin; 87. Robert Edward Wood, Highland Park Press and Lake Forester; 88. Paul B. Cousley, Alton Evening Telegraph; 89. Charles Frederick Renich, Woodstock Sentinel; 90. Benjamin Weir, Charleston Daily Courier; 91. Joe Francis McGuire, Carbondale Free Press; 92. Howe Vernon Morgan, Sparta News- Plaindealer; 93. Carl Ferdinand Stoll, Lawrence County News, Lawrenceville; 94. Richard Wiley Jones, Johnston City Progress; 95. Chester Rudolph Denson, Minonk News-Dispatch; 96. Lewis McKune Davis, Ottawa Republican Times; 97. Homer Byron Clemmons, Blue Island Sun-Standard. 98. John T. Carroll, Toluca Star-Herald; 99. Birch Burdette Ridgway, Jackson- ville Courier; 100. Micajah Stanley Taliaferro, Watseka Republican; 101. Gifford Clark Terry, Tri-County Press, Polo; 102. Arley E. Martin, Benton Standard; 103. Daniel Merritt Robison, Olney Times; 104. Charles W. Dale, St. Joseph Record; 105. Louis Willard Cobb, Crystal Lake Herald; 106. H. C. Voris, Waterloo Republican; 107. George R. Davis, Mt. Sterling Democrat-Message; 108. William Raymond Loomis, East St. Louis Daily Journal; 109. A. N. Price, Argus Search-Light, Astoria; 110. Leslie Brooks Paddock, Barrington Review; 111. Lindolph O. Trigg, Eldorado Daily Journal. 112. Frank Smith Fullerton, Orion Independent; 113. Charles W. Faltz, Somonauk Reveille; 114. Rollo Newton Givler, Naperville Clarion; 115. Lozier Dan Yount, Olney Daily Mail; 116. Edith H. Heileman, Forest Park Review, and River Forest Leaves; 117. George E. Swanson, Woodhull Dispatch; 118. Clara Catherine Schmidt, Nashville Journal; 119. Marion Cephas Page, Benton Evening News; 120. William Calvin Fair- weather, McLeansboro Times; 121. Albert L. Hall, Forest Park Review, and River Forest Leaves; 122. James Percival Lowry, Gibson Courier; 123. Charles Edward Lowry, Gibson Courier; 124. David Washington Grandon, Sterling Daily Gazette. 12 5. Paul Rawson Goddard, Tazewell County Reporter, Washington; 126. Winfield B. Jordan, Pana Daily Palladium; 12 7. Wesley Leondice Hardisty, Mt. Auburn Tribune; 128. Bruce Cole, Prophetstown Echo; 129. Cornelius Dennis Hannon, Erie Independent; 130. Archie R. Johnson, Morton News; 131. James A. Nowlan, Stark County News, Toulon; 132. J. Norris Vallow, Kinmundy Express; 133. Warren Oliver Sanders, Roberts Herald; 134. John William Potter, Rock Island Argus; 13 5. Hugh Powell Rigney, Graphic-Clarion, Arthur; 136. James E. Dertinger, Bushnell Record. 137. John Alcock, Chicago Tribune; 138. Charles R. Hill, Rankin Independent; 139. W. Elmer Wilkins, Athens Free Press; 140. Harry Edmond Harling, Clifton Advo- cate; 141. William Henry Leiser, Mendota Reporter-Bulletin; 142. Roy Eldon Patter- 342 Illinois Nlvtspai'i k Dirictory and History son, Washburn Leader; 143. Herbert S. Ensign, Rutland Record; 144. Patterson S. McGlynn, Moline Daily Dispatch; 145. John McConachie, Coulterville Republican; 146. Cecil Floyd Jewell, Taylorville Daily Breeze; 147. Jackson L. Hammond, Anna Democrat; 148. R. M. Johnston, Chicago Tribune; 149. Marcell Frank Kuehn, O'Fallon Progress; 15 0. Paul Byron Harper, Robinson Argus; 151. Kirby Bascom Lindsey, Morris- onville Times; 152. Andrew Jackson Loos, New Athens Journal; 153. John C. Carroll, Chicago Tribune; 154. Fred E. Sterling, Register-Gazette, and Morning Star, Rockford; 15 5. John Cornelius Baker, Perry Citizen; 156. Ernest L. Foster, Kenney Gazette- Herald; 15 7. James Lewis Hall, Brookport Independent; 15 8. Frank L. Hodges, Baylis Guide; 15 9. Allan Smith Holbrook, Star and Herald, Dwight. 160. Fred E. Evans, Belleville Daily Advocate; 161. Volta Terry, Chicago Tribune 162. Edward L. Coffman, Ina Observer; 163. Harry Eugene Covey, Kansas Journal 164. Brice Burnell Mirtin, Vandalia Union; 16 5. Philip Hampson, Chicago Tribune 166. James Miller Drakeford, Toledo Democrat; 167. William T. Carder, Clay County Advocate, Clay City; 168. Edwin E. Troxell, Georgetown News; 169. P. E. Huffman, Hutsonville Herald; 170. Eugene Henry Koehl, Commonwealth, Joliet; 171. Arthur William Amass, Brighton News; 172. George J. Scharschug, Chicago Tribune; 173. Dee Kay Vose, London Times, London Mills; 174. Bert Blakemore Bates, Hey worth Star; 175. John Summers Vaught, Madison Republic; 176. J. W. Robertson, Tri-City Register, Buffalo; 177. John Adolph File, Chester Herald-Tribune; 178. John Lewis Cooper, Wayne County Record, Fairfield; 179. Ernest Philip Maher, Payson Times; 180. Frank Foster, Elizabeth Weekly News; 181. George Earl Wood, Bridgeport Leader; 182. Willis Augustus Carpenter, Kirkland Enterprise; 183. Alva Gilmore, Fisher Reporter. 184. Roy James Ling. Minier News; 185. A. T. Burrows, Urbana Courier; 186. Margaret Beatrice Glosser, Maroa News-Times; 187. Annabelle H. Seaton, Lombard Press; 188. Hugh Rice Marshall, Kendall County Record, Yorkville; 189. Edward Lewis DeGunther, Davis Leader; 190. Stewart D. Owen, Chicago Tribune; 191. Henry Wash- ington Lee, Calumet Record, Chicago; 192. Austin Douglas Fansler, Corn Belt News, Forrest; 193. Charles Coleman Schoonmaker, Genoa Republican; 194. Charles R. Liv- ingston, Chrisman Courier; 195. Ik Corning Davidson, Carthage Republican. 196. Alva D. Trainer, Blue Mound Leader; 197. Andrew H. Shumaker, Villa Grove News; 198. William Henson Purcell, Daily American, West Frankfort; 199. Laurence Edgar Shup, Newton Press; 200. Hazel Clifford Van Alstyne, Colfax Press; 201. Claude Samuel Rardin, Charleston Daily News; 202. Herbert Kingsbury Browne, Mascoutah Herald; 203. Raymond J Schutz, Emington Joker; 204. Fredrick Seaton Siebert, of Ur- bana; 205. S. Hertzler Trego, Blandinsville Star-Gazette; 206. Charles Henrv Lamar, Calhoun-Herald, Hardin; 207. Hal W. Trovillion, Herrin News, and Egvptian Republican, Herrin; 208. J. O. Abernethy, Chicago Tribune; 209. William Clark Carson, Green- ville Advocate; 210. George Aaron Reinhardt, Potomac-Record. 211. William L. Schmitt, Benld Enterprise; 212. Fanny Butcher, Chicago Tribune; 2 13. Helen E. Gaskill, Collinsville Herald; 2 14. Homer Schoen Van Denburgh, Niles Center Press, Glenview; 215. Steward William Pettigrew, Amboy News; 216. John Read Karel, Berwyn Tribune; 217. Luke Talbot Hood, Geneseo Republic; 218. Philip David Adler, Kewanee Star-Courier; 219. Donald Taylor Forsythe, Hancock County Journal, Carthage; 220. Harold Irvin Anderson, Berwyn Beacon; 221. James Clinton Colvin, Hillsboro Journal; 222. Myron Wayne Martin, Daily Courier, Tavlorville; 223. John Townsend Nowlan, Galva News; 224. Edwin McDonald, Virginia Enterprise- Gazette; 225. F. Selwyn Otis, Suburban Star, Chicago; 226. Ernest M. Jenison, Paris Beacon-News; 227. Roy Martin Dooley, Marshall Herald. 343 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History 228. Franz A. Koehler, Des Plaines Suburban Times; 229. John Russell Heitman, Rantoul Press; 230. Harry C. Mangold, Cobden Review; 231. Edwin G. Kilby, Taze- well County Reporter, Washington; 232. W. W. Milby, Mason City Independent; 233. Frank W. Greenaway, DeKalb Daily Chronicle; 234. Warren N. Luttrell, Franklin Times; 23 5. Adolf Sumerlin, Lerna Weekly Eagle; 236. George C. Coulson, La Harper, La Harpe; 237. William Russell Nelson, Greater Niles Center News; 238. Albert M. Lambert, Harvey Tribune; 239. A. Myron Lambert, Harvey Tribune; 240. Ulysses Simpson Grant Blakely, Plainfield Enterprise; 241. Guy Victor Pettit, Reynolds Press; 242. Chester Arthur Aldrich, Hoopeston Chronicle-Herald. 243. Ralph Joseph Dean, Ashton Gazette; 244. Noland Blair Seil, Mercury-Inde- pendent, Grayville; 245. Allan Cole, Pleasant Plains Argus; 246. Fred Simonson Austin, Rossville Press; 247. Dot Dorsey Swan, Pike County Republican, Pittsfield; 248. Clifford Henry Baldwin, Cissna Park News; 249. Walter H. Gillan, Enterprise-Gazette, Macki- naw; 250. Edward Otis Barnes, Raritan Reporter; 251. Rezin Gilbert Everts, Ava Citizen; 252. Thomas Logan Conn, Lovington Reporter; 253. Lucile Emily Norgaard, Herscher Pilot; 254. Morris Sparks Rader, Glasford Gazette; 25 5. Sylvester Clayton, News-Patriot, Pocahontas; 256. Oney Alfred Fleener, Chicago Evening Post; 257. Har- old Jones Hazen, American Hotel Journal, Chicago; 2 5 8. Luther E. Shoemaker, Albion Journal-Register; 2 5 9. Curtis Glen Small, Harrisburg Daily Register; 260. Grace Cabot Toler, Mounds Independent; 261. Louis Alexander Traxel, of Cicero; 262. Aaron Edmond Vandever, Free Press-Progress, Nokomis; 263. D. Gara Alexander, Chicago Daily News; 264. Anne Armstrong, Chicago Daily News. 26 5. Thomas Bashaw, Chicago Daily News; 266. Harry Clifton Rose, Milford Herald-News; 267. Robert Wood, Chicago Tribune; 268. William Jonathan Seil, Mer- cury-Independent, Grayville; 269. Asel Jennings Ryan, Beecher City Journal; 270. Bergan F. Morgan, Homer Enterprise; 271. Clinton Bliss, Montgomery News, Hills- boro; 272. Adell Lucinda Phillips, Montgomery News, Hillsboro; 273. Arthur John Mollman, Millstadt Enterprise; 274. Harry Howland Mason, Pawnee Herald; 275. Rob- ert L. Stubbs, Illinois State Register, Springfield; 276. Edward Richardson, Olney Democrat; 277. Josef F. Wright, of Urbana; 278. Mabelle Mildred Ryan, Beecher City Journal. 279. Charles Laurel Allen, of Urbana; 280. Burrus Dickinson, of Urbana; 281. Helen Hayes Peffer, of Urbana; 282. Norris Goode, Virden Recorder; 283. Grover Cleveland Hines, Hammond Courier; 284. Willis J. Erlandson, Elmhurst Press; 28 5. Fred Harmon Wood, Sidney Times; 2 86. Harry E. McLaren, Rushville Times; 287. Charles Clinton Parker, Grant Park Anchor; 288. Lewis Tebeau, Prairie du Rocher Sun; 289. A. R. Johnson, Goodfield Carlock Times, Morton; 290. Fred D. Ball, of Urbana; 291. William S. Forman, Chicago Daily News; 292. William H. Fort, Chicago Daily News; 293. Frank L. Hayes, Chicago Daily News; 294. William Hendrix, Chi- cago Daily News; 295. Guy J. Housley, Chicago Daily News; 296. Emil Hubka, Chi- cago Daily News. 297. Lewis W. Hunt, Chicago Daily News; 298. Edwin M. Johnson, Chicago Daily News; 299. Enoch Johnson, Chicago Daily News; 3 00. Ben Kartman, Chicago Daily News; 301. Julius Klengel, Chicago Daily News; 3 02. Edwin Lahey, Chicago Daily News; 303. Clem Lane, Chicago Daily News; 304. Paul R. Leach, Chicago Daily News; 305. Walford Lewis, Chicago Daily News; 306. William F. McDermott, Chicago Daily News; 307. Abraham L. Mahoney, Chicago Daily News; 308. Howard Mann, Chicago Daily News; 309. Carl M. Marston, Chicago Daily News; 310. Thomas Mead, Chicago Daily News; 311. Bedloe Mendum, Chicago Daily News; 312. Thomas G. Michelmore, Chicago Daily News; 313. Everett C. Norlander, Chicago Daily News; 314. Sterling 344 Iiiinois Newspaper Dmu umv and History No.ch, Chicago Daily News; 3 IS. William Oaces, Chicago Daily News; 316. Howard v incent O'Brien, Chicago Daily News; 317. Hal O'Flaherty, Chicago Daily News; 318. William L. Pitts, Chicago Daily News; 319. Alfred E. Prowitt, Chicago Daily News. 320. Victor E. Rehm, Chicago Daily News; 321. Maurice Rosenfeld, Chicago Daily News; 322. Cornelius B. Rourke, Chicago Daily News; 323. James A. Sanaker, Chicago Daily News; 324. George Schnackel, Chicago Daily News; 325. Charles Schwarz, Chi- cago Daily News; 326. Frank Siudzinski, Chicago Daily News; 327. Robert Starrett, Chicago Daily News; 328. Arthur Sweet, Chicago Daily News; 239. George Swift, Chicago Daily News; 330. Graham Taylor, Chicago Daily News; 331. Horton D. Trautman, Chicago Daily News; 332. Pope Y. White, Chicago Daily News; 333. Arthur Wild, Chicago Daily News; 3 34. Verne Williams, Chicago Daily News; 33 5. Julius B. Wood, Chicago Daily News; 336. George Beebe, Jr., Chicago Daily News; 337. Amy Leslie, Chicago Daily News; 338. Lincoln MacMillan, Chicago Daily News; 339. Forest B. Myers, Chicago Daily News; 340. David Rotroff, Chicago Daily News. 341. Robert Maurice Deputy, Wyoming Post-Herald; 342. Ruth Mary Ducey, Harvard Herald; 343. Oscar Hewitt, Chicago Daily Tribune; 344. Arthur Crawford, Chicago Daily Tribune; 345. Oney Fred Sweet, Chicago Daily Tribune; 346. James Evans, Chicago Daily Tribune; 347. Irving Vaughan, Chicago Daily Tribune; 348. Arthur Evans, Chicago Daily Tribune; 349. Parke Brown, Chicago Daily Tribune; 3 5 0. Tiffany Blake, Chicago Daily Tribune; 35 1. W. B. Norton, Chicago Daily Tribune; 352. Floyd Gibbons, Chicago Daily Tribune; 3 5 3. Antoinette Donnelly, Chicago Daily Tribune; 3 54. Mildred Jaklon, Chicago Daily Tribune; 35 5. Genevieve Forbes Herrick, Chicago Daily Tribune; 3 56. Quinn Ryan, Chicago Daily Tribune; 3 57. Mae Tinee, Chicago Daily Tribune; 3 5 8. H. M. Hodgson, Chicago Daily Tribune; 3 59. Howard Wood, Chicago Daily Tribune; 360. Mary King, Chicago Daily Tribune; 361. Philip Kinsley, Chicago Daily Tribune; 362. Harvey T. Woodruff, Chicago Daily Tribune. 363. Ralph Beatty Boyle, Crystal Lake Herald; 364. George Wilbur Cook, Shelby- ville Democrat; 36 5. Mary Davidson, Carthage Republican; 366. Harry M. Beardsley, Chicago Daily News; 367. William H. Becker, Chicago Daily News; 368. Brooks H. Beitler, Chicago Daily News; 369. Carroll Binder, Chicago Daily News; 370. James Braden, Chicago Daily News; 371. Clarence H. Bradley, Chicago Daily News; 372. Olaf J. Bue, Chicago Daily News; 373. Ralph H. Cannon, Chicago Daily News; 374. Robert J. Casey, Chicago Daily News; 37S. Fred A. Chappell, Chicago Daily News; 376. James Cogan, Chicago Daily News; 377. Francis Connor, Chicago Daily News; 378. Bert Cottam, Chicago Daily News. 379. John Craig, Chicago Daily News; 3 80. Margaret Mann Crolius, Chicago Daily News; 3 81. James Crusinberry, Chicago Daily News; 3 82. George R. Dodge, Chicago Daily News; 383. Jessie O. Donahue, Chicago Daily News; 384. Clarence Dore, Chicago Daily News; 385. John Drury, Chicago Daily News; 3 86. Albert Easingwood. Chicago Daily News; 387. Caleb Enix, Chicago Daily News; 388. Gilford Ernest, Chicago Daily News; 3 89. Maurice Fisher, Chicago Daily News; 390. Frank D. Fogle, Chicago Daily News. 391. Alta Givens, Harrisburg Daily Register; 3 92. Louis James Humphrey, Inter- national News Service, Springfield; 393. Myron S. Jones, Blue Island Suburban Star; 394. William A. Kelly, Daily American, West Frankfort; 395. Robert J. Nowlan. Stark County News, Toulon; 396. Royce Edgar Pettit, Reynolds Press; 397. K. D. Pulcipher. Pennsylvania News, Chicago; 398. H. M. Rigney, Arthur Graphic-Clarion; 399. Edward Emil Schroeder, Minonk News-Dispatch; 400. Fred W. Shoop, Abingdon Kodak; 401. Henry Clay Tate. Harrisburg Daily Register. 345 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Some Northwestern Alumni 402. Wallace W. Abbey, Chicago Tribune; 403. Agnes Anderson, Westmont Com- munity Press, Chicago; 404. Dwight M. Bannister, Davenport, Iowa, Daily Times; 405. George A. Brandenburg, Hawthorne Microphone; 406. Harry J. Brown, of Grand Rapids, Michigan; 407. Ruth Russell Cartwright, Chicago Daily News; 408. Leland D. Case, of Evanston; 409. Harriet M. Casto, of Portsmouth, Ohio; 410. Lois Chapman, of Rochester, Minnesota; 411. William Kamp Charles, of Chicago; 412. Dr. Jorge Manual Chavarri, of Ingenio Mocce, Lambayeque, Peru; 413. Charles Atkinson Cook, of Wilmore, Kentucky, Enterprise; 414. Staley A. Cook, of Burlington, North Carolina; 415. Olie W. Crouchler, of Chicago; 416. Hazel M. Dearman, of Winchester, Kentucky; 417. Granville E. Dickey, of Oak Park; 418. C. E. Downing, of Union City, Indiana; 419. John H. Dreiske, Chicago Tribune; 420. Eve Finson, of Central City, Iowa; 421. Katharine Floto, Oak Leaves, Oak Park; 422. Arthur John Follows, of Chicago; 423. Clark H. Galloway, Nonpareil, Council Bluffs, Iowa; 424. Thomas D. Gibbons, of Chicago; 425. Agnes M. Hallman, of Evanston; 426. John Francis Hart, of Kauf- man, Texas; 427. R. C. Hollander, of Chicago; 428. Helen Pansy Hostetter, of Douglas, Nebraska; 429. Katherine Hulteen, Evanston Review; 430. Pablo S. Katigbak, Chicago Daily News; 431. Howard Burrell Keck, Danville Commercial-News; 432. Tom J. Kizer, of Chicago; 43 3. Charles Victor Knox, Chicago Evening Post; 434. Izil Poison Long, of Davis, California; 43 5. Vera McDermid, of Glencoe; 436. Curtis Daniel MacDougall, of Evanston; 437. William H. McGrew, Gulf Publishing Company, Hous- ton, Texas; 438. Valentine Martin, of Hollywood, Florida; 439. Joseph Albert Martz, of Chicago; 440. Maurice S. Miller, of Lancaster, Pennsylvania; 441. William Moscrip Miller, of Detroit, Michigan; 442. George S. Mills, Jr., of Chicago; 443. Henry W. Nicholson, of Chicago; 444. Walter M. Paulison, of Evanston; 445. Marjorie Bond Peregrine, of Denver, Colorado; 446. Samuel Pohn, of Evanston; 447. Harris Powers, Ocala, Florida, Banner; 448. Cecil James Proud, Sturgis, Michigan, Daily Journal; 449. Bud A. Reesman, of Evanston; 450. Helen Rendtorff, Southtown Economist, Chicago; 45 1. Robert W. Richards, Aurora Beacon-News; 452. Edward H. Shaffer, New Mexico State Tribune, Albuquerque; 45 3. Elsie Irene Shoemaker, of Weatherford, Okla- homa; 454. Emmett Swisshelm, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Evening Ledger; 45 5. Carl N. Warren, of Washington, D. C ; 456. Henry J. Wineberg, of Chicago; 457. R. E. Wolseley, of Evanston. Some Illinois Graduates 45 8. Karma Golden Aylward, of Staunton; 459. Karl Orrin Bayer, Boswell, Okla- homa, News; 460. Neva Beatrice Bowling, of Chicago; 461. Olive Cox Burkhalter, of Bloomington, Indiana; 462. Paul Eugene Courtney, Rockford Morning Star; 463. Paul Sparks Cousley, Alton Evening Telegraph; 464. Edmund Eugene Deuss, Northwest Courier, Chicago; 46 5. Wilbur William Doeblin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Sentinel; 466. Margaret Klooz Engels, of Cleveland, Ohio; 467. James Smith Flagg, Rockford Morning Star; 468. Charles Robert Frederick, of Urbana; 469. Paul Maurice Guernsey, of Indianapolis, Indiana; 470. Vernon Lawrence Heath, Decatur Herald; 471. Charles Arthur Hemminger, of Effingham; 472. Howard Cook Heyn, Ontario, California, Daily Report; 473. S tewart Samuel Howe , of Champaign; 474. Harold Emerson Hutchings, Champaign News-Gazette; 475. Vernon William Inner, Cobden Review; 476. Frances Smith Jacquin, Urbana Courier; 477. Clarence Maiden Jones, Illinois State Register, Springfield; 478. Raymond Lincoln Kringer, Decatur Herald; 479. Jack Macdonald, of Chicago; 480. M. Marion Marberry, Chicago Tribune; 481. Theodore Thomas Merrill, of Roodhouse; 482. David Henry Molden, A. P., Charleston, West Virginia; 483. James Ii i inois Newspaper I)i>ui iohv and History Joseph Mullen, Lansing, Michigan, News; 484. Alice Margaret Oathout Stiff, of Urbana; 487. Ward Kermit Schori, Tolono Herald; 488. Manning David Seil, of Urbana; 485. Elizabeth Stutson Pruden, of W/ilmette; 486. Frank Ellsworth Schooley, Chicago; 489. Helen Frances Spaulding, of Pontiac; 490. Gertrude Fern Stanton, of Urbana; 491. Walter Lindsay Stewart, of Memphis, Tennessee; 492. Albert Maurice Wharfield, of Ann Arbor, Michigan; 493. Irwin William Zeiger, of Milwaukee, Wis- consin; 494. Robert William McMichael, Lawrenceville Daily Record; 49 5. Mabel Chappelle Weaks, Chicago Heights Star; 496. Ralph E. Ammon, of Madison, Wis- consin; 497. Roy Taylor Anderson, of Winnetka; 498. Olin W. Archer, San Antonio, Texas, Express; 499. Mrs. P. M. Armitage, of Staten Island, New York; 500. Dan M. Avey. Penton Publishing Company, Cleveland, Ohio; 5 01. Robert H. Bacon, of Chicago; 502. Frederick Eugene Baer, of New York City; 503. Martha A. Baethke, Kewanee Star-Courier; 504. Elmer J. Baker, Jr., of Chicago; 505. Horatio F. Baker, Redding, California, Daily Courier-Free Press; 5 06. Milton Ford Baldwin, Inland Printer, Chi- cago; 5 07. Lewis A. Ballard, of Oak Park; 5 08. Oliver T. Banton. Milwaukee, Wis- consin, Sentinel; 509. Mrs. Lois Evans Barnes, of Chicago; 510. Herbert J. Bassman, La Grange Citizen; 5 11. William H. Beatty, A. P., Detroit, Michigan; 512. John P. Beckman, of Carthage; 513. Jack Bell, Miami, Florida, Herald; 5 14. William H. Bennett, Webb Publishing Company, St. Paul, Minnesota; 5 15. William Edward Berchtold, of New York City; 5 16. Max Arnold Berns, of Chicago; 517. Sidney Ralph Bernstein, of Chicago; 5 18. Josephine Bessems, of Chicago; 5 19. Vernon L. Black, St. Louis, Missouri, Post -Dispatch. 520. Mrs. J. C. Blair, of Urbana; 521. Carl Blum, Spring Valley Gazette; 522. Harry H. Boggs, of Kansas City, Missouri; 5 2 3. William D. Boutwell, of Washington, D. C; 5 24. Mrs. Robert J. Boylan, St. Louis, Missouri, Globe-Democrat; 52 5. Edgar G. Brands, Collyers Publishing Company, Chicago; 5 26. Atwill H. Brookshier, of Macon; 527. Jane Louise Brown, of Kokomo, Indiana; 528. Mrs. Barnabas Bryan, Jr., of New York City; 529. A. Morris Buck, Electric Railway Journal, New York City; 530. Helen Buckler, of New York City; 531. Boyd W. Bullock, of Schnectady, New York; 532. Cary Clive Burford, of Urbana; 533. O. D. Burge, Chicago Evening Amer- ican; 5 34. Helen Woodruff Burt, American Library Journal, Chicago; 5 3 5. Mrs. Gerald H. Carson, of New York City; 5 36. John Henry Caughlan, Pike County Times, Pitts- field; 537. Arlo Chapin, Moultrie County News, Sullivan; 538. Edward P. Chapin, Commercial Press, Urbana; 5 39. George Chapin, of Urbana; 540. Alice Cheek, of Edwardsville; 541. J. M. Cleary, of South Bend, Indiana; 542. George M. Clendenin, of Springfield; 543. Chester W. Cleveland, Magazine of Sigma Chi, Chicago; 544. Clarence William Cleworth, of New York City; 545. Francis Marion Cockrell, of Detroit, Michigan; 546. Carl N. Colby, Alton Evening Telegraph; 547. Lewey Cole, Montgomery News, Hillsboro; 548. William C. Collins, of Los Angeles, California; 549. J. R. Colville, of Cleveland, Ohio; 5 50. Hal W. Conefry, of Columbus, Ohio; 5 5 1. Arthur W. Cooley, Inland Newspaper Representatives, Chicago; 5 52. George D. Crittenberger, Bulletin Printing and Manufacturing Company, Anderson, Indiana; 5 5 3. Robert J. Crombie, Peoria Evening Star; J54. M. G. Dadant, of Hamilton; 5 5 5. Hale P. Daugherty, of New York City; 5 56. Charles Brewer Davis, of Urbana; 5 57. Frank C. Dean, Sycamore Tribune; 5 5S. William B. Denhart, News Syndicate Company, Jackson Heights, New York; 559. Kenneth Dennett, of Chicago; 560. Harold M. Jensen, Morris Daily Herald; 561. Mrs. James C. Dibelka, Chicago Evening Post; 562. Ira W. Dickerson, of Charles City, Iowa. 563. C. B. Dietrich, of St. Louis, Missouri; 564. Irving Lee Dilliard, St. Louis, Missouri, Post-Dispatch; 565. Astrid M. Dodge, of New York City; 566. Mrs. E. I 347 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Potthoff, of Champaign; 567. R. B. Dool, of Lamar, Missouri; 568. George R. Smith, Illinois State Journal, Springfield; 569. John M. Drescher, of St. Louis, Missouri; 5 70. Catherine Dorothy Dunlevy, of San Diego, California; 571. Charles E. Durst, of Urbana; 572. Edwin A. Dyson, Rushville Times; 573. Mrs. Albert R. Eastman, of Rockford; 574. W. Elmer Ekblaw, of North Grafton, Massachusetts; 575. Homer W. K. Evans, Raddock Publishing Company, Arlington Heights; 5 76. S. E. Farquh.ir, of Highland Park; 5 77. Orson E. Faxon, Kendall County News, Piano; 578. David V. Felts, Illinois State Journal, Springfield; 579. E. L. Foglesonger, New York Journal, New York City; 5 80. John R. Fornof, Streator Times-Press; 581. Louis D. Friedman, of Springfield; 5 82. Harry Wendell Frier, of Chicago; 5 83. John K. Barber, of Chicago; 5 84. Leslie C. Barber, Aurora Beacon-News; 5 8 5. Harold Frederic Fries, of South Bend, Indiana; 5 86. McKinley M. Gardner, Wenatchee, Washington, Daily World; 5 87. Charles Edward Gillham, of Phoenix, Arizona; 5 88. Ruth Girsberger, Townsfolk, Chicago; 5 89. William Glenn, Orlando, Florida, Morning Sentinel; 5 90. Emerson L. Goble, of New York City; 591. Joe Godfrey, Jr., Holiday Magazine, Chicago; 592. Roy R. Goff, Edward E. Cox Printing Incorporated, Hartford City, Indiana; 593. Fred Goodfellow, International News Service, New York City; 594. Frank E. Gooding, International Trade Press, Chicago; 595. Anthony R. Gould, Child Life, Chicago; 596. George G. Greenburg, Jr., of Chicago; 597. Charles T. Greene, of Ridgewood, New York; 598. Norman W. Gregg, of Chicago; 599. Charles O. Gridley, of Washington, D. C; 600. William L. Griffin, Huron Press, Chicago; 601. Glennan G. Griswold, News Cor- poration, St. Joseph, Missouri; 602. Kenneth A. Grubb, of Cambridge, Massachusetts; 603. Mrs. Albert N. Guthrie, of New York City; 604. Aha R. Hahn, Sales Manage- ment Magazine, New York City; 605. George R. Hall, Harpers Bazaar, New York City; 606. John W. Hansel, Jr., of Winnetka; 607. Charles Emory Harner, Associated Press, Bogota, Columbia, South America; 608. Jay Tarvin Harris, Arrow Press, Incor- porated, Salt Lake City, Utah; 609. Roy J. Harris, St. Louis, Missouri, Post-Dispatch; 610. Mrs. John S. Harter, of Rochester, New York. 611. Philip T. Hartung, Technical Publishing Company, Chicago; 612. J. M. Has- well, Detroit, Michigan, Free Press; 613. Henry H. Haynes, of Milwaukee, Wisconsin; 614. Otis L. Helfrich, Butterick Publishing Company, New York City; 615. A. L. Hennessey, of Chicago; 616. Charles Weber Henson, of Bangor, Michigan; 617. Harold Harvey Herbert, of Norman, Oklahoma; 618. Edgar Paul Hermann, of Fort Wayne, Indiana; 619. Laurence Turnstell Heron, St. Louis, Missouri, Globe-Democrat; 620. Donna Mercedes Hicks, of Elkhorn, Wisconsin; 621. Lucy V. Hilton, New Bedford, Massachusetts, Times; 622. Atherton Wells Hobler, of Bronxville, New York; 623. Jacob Glen Hoffman, of Pekin; 624. John M. Hollingsworth, of Rock Island; 62 5. Thomas J. Howorth, Chester Press; 626. Gerald W. Hubbart, Curtis Publishing Com- p.inv, Philadelphia. Pennsylvania; 627. Irma Jean Husted, of Chicago; 628. William B. Inman, Murphysboro Daily Independent; 629. Stanley P. Irvin, of Buffalo, New York 630. Scott B. Inner, of St. Louis, Missouri; 631. Warren S. Jackson, Fox Valley Herald, Dundee; 632. Opal L. Jackson, of Decatur; 63 3. Robert L. Jacobs, Rockford Daily Republic; 6 34. Mary Elizabeth Jens, of Wheaton; 63 5. Clyde W. Johnson, Asso- ciated Press, Urbana; 6 36. Meta Jolly, of Chicago; 6 37. Harris W. Jones, Johnston City Progress; 63 8. Maurice Leigh Jones, Johnston City Progress; 639. Carl W. Kaub, of San Francisco, California; 640. John W. Kennedy, Davenport, Iowa, Daily Times; 641. Mrs. W. C. Kennedy, of Urbana; 642. Leanore O. Kenney, of Des Moines, Iowa; 643. George F. Kenower, Wisner, Nebraska, Chronicle; 644. J. T. Kenower, Brecken- ridge, Missouri, Bulletin; 645. Chester L. Kieffer, Lorain, Ohio, Journal; 646. O. L. Kilborn, Glendale, California, Daily News Press; 647. Charles Albert Kiler, of Cham- 348 Iiiinois Newspaper 1)iri( ioki and History paign; 648. J. H. Klingberg, Jacksonville Printing Company; 649. X. M. Kneisly, of Chicago; 6H). Mrs. Cecil Perry Krieg, of Ontario, Canada. 65 1. Donald Carl Krull, of San Francisco, California; 652. Earl H. Kruse, of Chicago; 653. Kenneth W. Kuhl, of Niles Center; 654. Harold E. Kuttncr, New York Herald Tribune; 65 5. John James Lacey, Prairie farmer, Chicago; 656. Guerdon Laing, Belvidere Daily Republican; 657. Logan Land, Illinois State Register, Springfield; 658. Jack Henry Lang, of Chicago; 659. Harold T. Larsen, of North Tarrytown, New York; 660. Charles H. Lawrence, of Davenport, Iowa; 661. Mrs. C. H. Leger, of Los Angeles, California; 662. Oscar Leiding, Associated Press, Washington, D. C; 663. Charles A. Lethen, of Chicago; 664. Curtis C. LeWald, of Detroit. Michigan; 665. Kent Y Lewis, Robinson Daily News; 666. Mrs. LeRoy Little, New York Times; 667. Paul E. Lodge, of Prescott, Arizona; 668. Ernest Lynn, NEA Service, Cleveland, Ohio; 669. A. J. McGinnis, of Detroit, Michigan; 670. Charles D. McKinney, of Winnetka; 671. Ray C. McLarty, Curtis Publishing Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 672. Scott McNulta, of Decatur; 673. Lathrop Mack, Associated Press, New York City; 674. Clark E. MacKenzie, Elgin Courier News; 675. C. A. Mac.Naughton. of Oak Park; 676. Katharine L. Maddock, of East Cleveland, Ohio; 677. George N. Madison, A. N. Marquis Company, Chicago; 678. E. K. Maher, Quincy Herald-Whig; 679. Frank I. Mann, of Gilman; 680. W. P. Marquam, of Akron, Ohio; 681. Robert Lock- wood Marsh, of Evanston; 682. John Eden Martin, of Sullivan; 6S3. Richard G. Massock, Associated Press, New York City; 684. Delia Emerzilla Mathews, Decatur Review; 68 5. William R. Mathews, State Consolidated Publishing Company, Tucson, Arizona; 686. Ralph M. Mayerstein, of Lafayette, Indiana; 687. Edward J. Mehren, McGra.v Hill Publishing Company, Chicago; 688. David I . Merker, Crowell Publishing Company, New York City; 689. Russell 11. Miles, Detroit, Michigan, Times; 690. Carl R. Miller, of New York City; 691. Francis H. Miller, Wenatchee, Washington, Daily World; 692. Mildred Eleanor Miller, of Chicago; 693. Latimer Million, Chicago Herald and Examiner; 694. John C. Moore, of Chicago; 695. George Morris, Liberty Weekly, New York City; 696. Anita Mueller, St. Louis, Missouri, Globe-Democrat. 697. Frances H. Myers, Champaign News-Gazette; 69S. Mrs. Myron Arthur Myers, of New York City; 699. W. H. Mysch, of Decatur; 700. James M. Nalbach, of Chi- cago; 701. Loyd L. Neff, Kansas City, Missouri, Daily Drovers Telegram; 702. Eliza- beth Neidlinger, of Evanston; 703. Clarence L. Neu, of Chicago; 704. Allan Nevins, of Ithaca, New York; 705. C. J. Newton, of Champaign; 706. Joseph M. Noble, The ( anadian, Texas, Record; 707, Arthur H. Ogle, of Chicago; 708. G. M. Ogletree, of Homewood, Alabama; 709. Arthur B. Olsen, Chicago Tribune; 710. Maurice F. O'Shea, of Chicago; 711. M. H. P.irres, Belleville Advocate; 712. Wayne William Parrish, New York Herald-Tribune; 713. Mrs. Wayne W. Parrish, of Jamaica; "14. Allan D. Parsons, of Chicago; 715. Paul M. Paschal, St. Charles Chronicle; 716. G. R. Patten, Plant Publishing Company, Plant City, Florida; 717. R. A. Patterson, Chicago Tribune; 718. William P. Pearre, of Chicago; 719. Grace M. Phillips, Fox Valley Publishing Company, Dundee; 720. Edward W. Pickard, Western Newspaper Union, Chicago; 721. Dorothy Dix Pieters, of Chicago; 722. Harold R. Pinckard, Huntington, West Virginia, Herald-Advertiser; 723. Francis Elmore Pinkerton, Jr., of Riverside. Cali- fornia; 724. Edwin L. Poor, of Oak Park; 725. George E. Post, of Highland Park. Michigan; 726. Howard M. Railsback, of Moline; 727. Edward C. Rainey, oi Moline; 728. Richard M. Ramey, Rockford Register-Gazette; 729. L. W. Ramsey, of Daven- port, Iowa; 73 0. Samson M. Raphaelson, of New York City; 731. O. J. Remington, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Star; 73 2. Ralph C. Reno, of Rochester. New York; 73 3. Francis Alvin Resch, Associated Press. Chicago; 734. Allen Retzlaff, of New York 349 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History City; 735. H. Kenneth Reynolds, of East St. Louis; 736. Mrs. Albert A. Riley, of Elizabeth, New Jersey; 737. John Stewart Riley, Rockford Newspaper, Incorporated; 738. T. L. Roark, Macomb Journal; 739. E. T. Robbins, of Urbana; 740. Mrs. Roy E. Roos, of Chicago, 741. Perrin B. Root, of Chicago; 742. Ainsley H. Rosen, of Chicago; 743. William Harry Sahud, Chicago Evening American; 744. Theresa Samuels, of Chicago; 745. Frances Gustavison Sarig, Sheridan, Indiana, News Publishing Com- pany; 746. Charles Van Keuren Saxton, Inland Printing Company, Kaysville, Utah. 747. George W. Schoeffel, of Portland, Oregon; 748. Clark H. Schooley, Asso- ciated Press, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 749. N. C. Seidenberg, of Peoria; 75 0. Leonard Serdiuk, Leader Publishing Company, Chicago; 75 1. Sam O. Shapiro, Liberty Magazine, New York City; 752. Robert E. Shaw, B. F. Shaw Printing Company, Dixon; 75 3. S. L. Shaw, Petersburg Observer; 754. Dilliam J. Sheldon, Jr., McGraw-Hill Publishing Com- pany, New York City; 75 5. Joseph K. Shepard, Indianapolis, Indiana, Star; 756. N. H. Shere, Decatur Review; 757. Ralph Edwin Sheriff, of Portland, Oregon; 75 8. H. H. Simmons, of Glen Ellyn; 759. Wilson M. Smith, Waverly Journal; 760. B. C. Snider, Lincoln Evening Courier; 761. George R. Spoerer, of Jackson Heights, New York; 762. Lewis Squires, of Chicago; 763. Fred M. Staker, of Kansas City, Missouri; 764. F. L. Steinhoff, Industrial Publications, Incorporated, Chicago; 76 5. Carl Stephens, Alumni News, Urbana; 766. Leo D. Sterling, Kewanee Star-Courier; 767. Herbert N. Stevens, N. E. Stevens Printing Company, Paxton; 768. Esther Susan Storer, of Yonkers, New York; 769. Donald W. Strauch, The Print Shop, Mesa, Arizona; 770. George Francis Taubeneck, Electric Refrigeration News, Detroit, Michigan; 771. E. George Thiem, of Chicago; 772, E. L. Tinzmann, Associated Editors, Chicago; 773. Robert C. Tower, Chicago Tribune; 774. Albert Edward Townsend, Lewis Brothers Publish- ing Company, Christopher; 775. George Townsend, of Chicago; 776. Walter V. Turner, Robbins Publishing Company, Chicago; 777. Wilbert E. Underwood, of Larchmont, New York; 778. Carl Van Doren, Literary Guild of America, New York City; 779. Mark Van Doren, of New York City; 780. Bryant B. Voris, H. C. Voris Printing Com- pany, Waterloo; 781. Kenneth H. Ward, Butler Brothers, Chicago; 782. R. A. Wash- burn, Chicago Tribune; 783. Joseph Wayer, of New York City; 784. Raymond J. Weber, of Chicago; 78 5. H. P. Wcttengel, Cement, Oklahoma, Courier; 786. R. Payne Wettstein, Engineering Publications, Incorporated, Chicago; 787. David S. White, of Doniphan, Missouri; 788. Russell S. White, Decatur Herald; 789. W. B. Wiemers, The Farm Journal Magazine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 790. C. F. Williams, Shield of Phi Kappa Psi, Cleveland, Ohio; 791. Howard C. Williams, Ward and Shaw Company, Cleveland, Ohio; 792. Scott Williams, Sterling Daily Gazette; 793. J. Knight Willy, The Hotel Monthly and The Hotel Monthly Handbooks, Chicago; 794. Mrs. W. Bent Wilson, of Lafayette, Indiana; 79 5. Leland Wooters, Des Moines, Iowa, Register and Tribune; 796. Arthur A. Young, of Cleveland, Ohio; 797. James R. Young, Advertiser Publishing Company, Tokyo, Japan; 798. Laurence Fuller Triggs, of Glen Ellyn; 799. Colonel Frank Knox, Chicago Daily News. And last, but the writer trusts not least, this History of the Illinois Press Associa- tion, takes rank as one of the works of the association. It was undertaken by the association and the writer's part in it was done as a service to the association. Herein are the answers to all the questions of critics — as to usefulness, seriousness, proportion of time devoted to business and proportion of time devoted to professional ideals and editorial service, questions of greatest interest to the members, threads of continuity and recurring problems, precedents, mistakes, successes, methods, and unfinished business. 3 50 Illinois Newspaper Dikm iorv and History A special effort has been made to make it possible to find exact information on all matters presented. Dates, places, full names, exact positions and titles, full names of papers, names of towns and counties, exact titles of addresses, exact wording of reso- lutions, exact copies of legislation secured; these things have been the concern of the author and to preserve them the niceties of literary and typographical style have been sacrificed. Difficulties encountered in finding and bringing this material together im- pressed upon the author the importance of making this record as detailed and complete as possible: Sixty-seven annual meetings, thirteen mid-year meetings and a score of excursion gatherings and special interest assemblies are reviewed in this chronicle. ^Directory of Illinois ]S[ewspapers i incus Newspaper Directors and History ARC Ol \ RECORD-HERALD: Established 1866 by John Gruelle. Frank I. Collins and \\". I . Collins, owners and editors. Areola, population, 1686. Situated in Douglas County, 40 miles southeast of Decatur. I. C. and P. R.R.'s. Broom and broom-corn machinery I at tones. Raising of broom-corn. Agriculture. Record-Herald is a weekly publication and is Republican Areola Herald, which was established in 1883 was purchased by Collins Brothers in 1905, and consolidated with the Record, which they had previously obtained in 1899. The Areola Arcolian, established in 1898 was purchased by Collins Brothers in 1929 and merged with the Record-Herald. Previous to the time when the Record was taken over by N. Collins & Frank F. Collin Sons it was owned by J. Gruelle, \V. H. Bassett, Bert W'almsley, and Mart H. Bassett. Circulation, 18 50. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 35c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.50. tARCOLA, BROOM AND BROOM-CORN NEWS: Established 1912 by Frank F. Collins and W. L. Collins, who have been editors and publishers since that date. Broom and Broom-Corn News is a 16 -page weekly trade publication, devoted to brooms and broom-corn and the allied industries, and enjoys an international circulation. In November, 1931, Collins Brothers purchased the Broom Corn Review of Wichita, Kansas, and consolidated it with Broom and Broom-Corn News at Areola. Circulation, 2100. Advertising rate: local, Si. 00; foreign, $1.00. Subscription rate: local, $1.5 0; foreign, $2.00. +ARGO, DESPLAINES VALLEY NEWS: Established 1911 by Alex Bush. \\ alkowiak, managing editor. DcsPlaines Valley News Publishing Company, o\v Argo, population, 6,000. Situated in Cook County, on the Sanitary District Canal, 12 miles southwest of Chicago. C. & A., B. & O.C.T. R.R.'s. Varnish, asphalt shingle, and corn products factories. Agriculture. The Desplaines Valley News is published every Thursday and is Independent in politics. Circulation, 1,800. Advertising rate: local, 75c; foreign, 90c. Subscription rate: local, S2.00; foreign, $2.00. Frank ner. S« Areola Broom .mj Br. tSee Areola Record-Herald. iScc Forest Park Review; F Illinois Newspaper Directory and History ALEUO TIMES RECORD: Established 1S56 by Horace Bigelow and John Porter. David N. Blazer, editor and publisher. Herschel J. Blazer, business manager. Aledo, population, 2003. Situated in Mercer County, 30 miles south of Rock Island. C. B. & Q.; R. I. S. R.R.'s. Cheese factory. Illinois Military School. Agriculture, live stock, and dairy farming. The "Times Record represents three consolidations. The Keiths- burg Times was established in 1884 at Keithsburg by J. C. Mitchell. D. N. Blazer purchased a half interest from Mr. Mitchell in 1890. The Keithsburg Times was moved to Aledo and published under the name, The Times. In 1894 the publisher of The Times bought the Aledo Record from Porter & Sons and the paper then took its present name. The Times Record. The Times Record purchased January 1, 192 8, the Aledo Democrat which had been established by David N. Blazer John Geiger in 1880. The Times Record stands high in weekly circles. It has been a consistent winner in state and national contests and is rated fourth in circulation and seventh in advertising volume among weekly newspapers in the United States. This paper is published every Wednesday, and is Republican in politics. Circulation, 5 5 08. Advertising rate: local, 50c; foreign, 63c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $3.00. 2HEL J. Blazer ANTIOCH NEWS: Established 18 86 by J. J. Burke. Homer B. Gaston, owner, litor, and publisher since 1926. Antioch, population, 1100. Located in Lake County, 5 5 miles north northwest of Chicago. Soo R.R. Summer resort. Agriculture. The Antioch News is the official organ of all organized tax- payers' groups in Lake County, devoting a page or more each week to the activities of the taxpayers who seek to eliminate graft, greed. and waste of public funds. The News' activity on behalf of the thousands of organized taxpayers, began May, 1931, when it was shown that over a half million dollars of tax money was being wasted in Lake County. The News is one of the fastest growing &^ ^m papers in northern Illinois. Ii is a weekl) publication and is Repub ^m lican in politics. Previous owners of this paper have included ^B A. B. Johnson, Horan, Wood & Woodhead, and John L. Horan. Circulation, 2000. Advertising rate: local, 3 0c; foreign, 40c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. Homer B. Gaston :: ARROWSMITH NEWS: Established 1880 by George Adams. A. B. Woolley, present editor and publisher. Arrowsmith, population, 344. Located in McLean County, 2 miles east of Bloom- ington. N. Y. C. & St. L. R.R. Agriculture. The News numbers among its owners at various times, George M. Adams, Frank Woolley, and Woolley Brothers. It is a weekly publication, and is Republican politically. Circulation, 300. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. Illinois Newspaper Dire( iory and History ASHKUM JOURNAL: Established 1898 by Charles Camp- bell. Orval Ryan, present editor and publisher. Ashkum, population, 375. Located in Iroquois County. 17 miles south of Kankakee. I. C. R.R. Agriculture. The Journal is published every Friday and is Independent Republican in politics. Previous owners of the Journal have in- cluded George I. I Inline, and Harry Gilpin. Circulation, 926. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, s.2.00; foreign, s2.5o. ASHTON GAZETTE: Established 1895 by Charles A. Ban- croft. Ralph J. Dean, editor and publisher since 1904. Ashton, population, 868. Located in Lee County, 28 miles south of Rockford. C. & X. \V. R.R. Agriculture. The Gazette is published every Thursday and is Republican in political affiliation. Charles A. Bancroft is a former owner of the Gazette. Circulation, 75 0. Advertising rate: local, 2 0c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign S.2.00. Ru I'M J. Hi i\ ASTORIA ARGUS-SEARCHLIGHT: Established L 879 by William Tate. Albert N. Price, editor and publisher since 1903. Astoria, population, 1186. Situated in Fulton County, JO miles northwest of Springfield. C. B. & Q. R.R. Ships grain, live stock, and lumber. ^^^^H^^^l Agriculture; creamery; coal mines. u Albert N. Pkilh The Argus-Searchlight is a weekly publication, Republican in politics. It is a consolidation of the old Argus and the Search- light, effected by Albert N. Price in 1910. William Tate, A. Hark- rader, Harry McLaren, Corb Hagans, and A. E. Scott are among the former owners of this paper. The Argus-Searchhght is housed in a modern, brick plant, and has one of the best equipped offices in the state. Circulation, 1600. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, S2.00; foreign, $2.00. 355 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History AVON SENTINEL: Established 1879 by H. J. Herbertz. Willis E. Stevens, present editor and publisher. Avon, population, 797. Fulton County, 20 miles southwest of Galesburg. C. B. & Q. R.R. Ships live stock and farm produce. Engages especially in dairying and stock feeding. Agriculture. The Sentinel is one of the oldest papers in Fulton County, and is a weekly. Republican organ. The founder of the Sentinel. H. I. Herbertz, sold the paper to O. J. Beam after running it for only one year. Beam leased the paper to Mark Ullery, who after 13 months, together with H. G. Leigh of Canton, purchased the entire plant from Mr. Beam. In 1881, Willis E. Stevens bought Ullery's interest, and in 18 83 became the sole proprietor of the Sentinel, a position which he has maintained since that date. Since 1918 the Sentinel has been published as a four-page all home-print paper. Circulation, 75 0. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. BARRINGTON REVIEW: Established 188 5 by Miles T. Lamey. Leslie W. McClure, editor and publisher since March 1 , 1931 Barrington, population, 3203. Located in Lake County, 39 miles northwest of Chicago. C. & N. W.; E. J. & E. R.R.'s. Boiler washing and terminal equipment, milk bottling, meat packing plants; tape, shirt band, and handkerchief factories. Home of Jewel Tea Company; Herren Aeronautical Cork (airplane factory). Residential town. The Review is published every Thursday and is Independent in politics. Miles T. Lamey was a former owner of this paper. Circulation, 1725. Advertising rate: local, 3 5c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.50; foreign, $2.50. I i si ii \V. Mi ( i uiu BATAVIA HERALD: Established 1892 by F. E. Marley. Arnold P. Benson, editor and co-publisher. Bert H. Smith, publisher. Batavia, population, 503 1. Located in Kane County, 36 miles ^t^L west of Chicago. C. A. & E.; C. B. & Q.; C. & N. W. R.R.'s. J Manufacture of agricultural implements, wagons, tanks, pumps, ' 91 -0R1 water tank supplies for railroads, radio towers, flue cleaners, reamers and boilers. Bellevue Sanitarium. Limestone, sand, and moulding . _«. sand deposits. Agriculture. The Herald is published every Friday and is Independent - Bfc i- ^ Republican in political affiliation. ^kj|^^ Circulation, 148 3. ^^^MB^^^B Advertising rate: local, 35c; foreign, 35c; political, 50c. Arnold P. Benson Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. 356 Illinois Newspaper Dire< ioky and History Mr BEF.CHER CITY JOURNAL: Established 1915 by \\". D. Harrington. , A. J. Ryan, editors and owners. Beecher City, population, 328. Located in Effingham County, 47 miles south of Decatur. B. & O. R.R. Dairy, poultry, and general tanning. The Journal is published every Thursday and is Independent in political affiliation. Other owners of this papers have included R. F. M.ix- rield and Florence Maxfield. Circulation, 75 0. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, SI. 5 0; foreign, Mrs. A. J. Ryan si. 5 0. Mr. and BELVIDERE DAILY REPUBLICAN: Established 1894 by Frank T. Moran and Charles Beverly. Republican-Northwestern, established 1888 by Charles Beverly. Frank T. Moran, owner and editor. Belvidere, population, 8114. Located in Boone County, "^ miles west northwest of Chicago. C. & N. W. R.R. Manufactures sewing machines, roller skates, electric clocks, corsets, condensed milk, butter and cheese, radios, automobile accessories, screw ma- chine products, steam and water heaters, screws, spark plugs, over- alls, milk bottle caps, washing machines, computing scales, casket hardware, and grain products. Agriculture. The Daily Republican is published every day, with the excep- tion of Sunday. As the name indicates, the paper is Republican in politics. Mr. Moran purchased his partner's interest in the paper from Charles Beverly in 1896, and has been in full control since that date. The Republican-Northwestern, also published by Mr. Frank 1. Moran Moran, is a weekly edition with the same political affiliation. Circulation, 35 10 (Daily Republican). Advertising rate: local, 40c; foreign, 3c per line. Subscription rate: local, $7.80 (Daily Republican); S2.00 ( Republican North- western) . BENTON EVENING NEWS: Established 1922 by Harry L. Friar. Carl Choisser, editor and president of Board of Directors. Carl Choisser, Steve Choisser, Ewing Choisser, F. D. XX'hittington and others, owners. The Evening News is published every afternoon with the ex- ception of Sunday. It is m\ outgrowth of the old Benton Repub- lican, which was a weekly, and is Republican in politics. The News has been owned by Harry L. Friar and the Benton Evening News Company, of which M. C. Page was the managing editor. Circulation, 4800. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 42c. Subscription rate: local, $3.00; foreign, $$.00. Cari ( KOISSI I Illinois Newspaper Directory and History ATHENS FREE PRESS: Established 188 5 by T. S. Knowles. W. E. Wilkins, editor and publisher since 1904. Athens, population, 1018. Located in Menard County, IS miles northwest of Springfield. C. & I. M. R.R. Radiator guard factory. Coal mines. The Free Press was first known as the Athens Cyclone, but was changed to the Free Press about two years after its establish- ment. During the first two years a daily of four pages was issued, called the Owl. This was a four page sheet, 6x9 inches in size. The daily was considered a great innovation and enjoyed a large cir- culation. It was finally abandoned because of the increased work of getting the regular paper ready for press. Other owners of this paper have included H. B. Ruth, Miller & Sons, and G. P. Curnutt. The Free Press is published every Thursday, and is Independent in politics. Circulation, 675. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. W. E. W'ii hiNs -AURORA BEACON-NEWS: Established 1846 by M. V. and B. F. Hall. Col. Ira C. Copley, present owner. A. M. Hirsch, president. Aurora, population, 46,568. Situated in Kane County, 39 miles west of Chicago. C. B. & Q.; C. & N. W.; E. J. & E.; C. A. & E.; C. M. St. P. & Pac. R.R.'s. Cotton and flour mills; locomotive and car shops; typewriter ribbon, carbon paper, sash and blind, pumping and conveying machinery, garment, hardware, and stove factories; quarries; sand and gravel deposits. Aurora College, Jennings Seminary, Orphan's Home. Agriculture. The Aurora Weekly Beacon was established in 1846, following the failure of the first two newspaper attempts in Aurora, the Aurora Democrat and the Peoples Platform. It was sold by the original owners to James W. and Dudley Randall in 18 54, and in 18 57 absorbed the Aurora Guard- ian. Early in the 70's, the Beacon became a semi-weekly and so continued until 1891, when it became a daily, publishing afternoons only, until 1914, when a Sunday morning edition was added. Ira C. Copley, the present owner, purchased the paper in 1907. In 1912 the Beacon took over the Aurora Daily News, which had pre- viously absorbed four other newspapers, and became the Aurora Daily Beacon-News. Since then, with the exception of a morning paper which failed at the end of a year and a half, it has been the only daily news- paper in Aurora. Circulation, 20,658. Advertising rate: local, 65c-$1.07; foreign, $1.12. Subscription rate: local, $7.50; foreign, $7.50. •Set also Elgin Courier-News Jolict Herald-News; Springfield, III,,,.,,, State |. ,„,,,, I 358 Illinois Newspaper Directors and History Belleville St. Louis, Mo. BELLEVILLE ADVOCATE: Established 1839 by James L. Boyd and John T. C. Clark. W. W. Evans, editor and general manager. Owned by the Belleville Advocate Printing Co. population, 28,308. Situated in St. Clair County, 14 miles southeast of L. & N.; I. C; Soo R.R.'s. Furnace, stove, stencil and embossing machine, shoe, sock, shirt, pants, agricultural implement factories. Enamel- ing plant. Notre Uame Academy. St. Henry's College. Coal, clay, molding sand, building sand, and metallurgical coke. Agriculture. The Daily Advocate, as it now exists is an outgrowth of two newspapers started early in the year 183 8 known as the Representa- tive and the Gazette. In 1839 the paper after its merger was known .n the Advocate and continued as a weekly until 1849 when it was acquired by William K. Fleming, who changed it to a daily. Jehu Baker, former congressman from the Belleville district, was in charge of the Advocate from 1850-185 1, when Judge W. H. Niles gained control of it. From then until the Civil War period the paper was owned at various times by James S. Coulter, Edward \V. \\". I i w« Schiller, Collins Van Cleve, and T. C. Weeden. In 1860, E. J. Mon- tague became the owner and proprietor. In 1861 the Newsletter of Mascoutah was consolidated with the Advocate, the title being the Weekly Belleville Advocate and Newsletter, when Alexander Dawes became assistant editor and in the same year the property reverted to Van Cleve. Dawes retired shortly after and F. M. Hawes became editor. "The Weekly" was soon dropped from the title and the paper was published as a daily again until 1863, when it was purchased by G. F. Kimball. F. M. Taylor became associated with the Advocate in 1867 and in 1872 bought out Kimball and became sole owner. J. H. Thomas next purchased the office and plant, Kimball retiring from active work about 18 90. J. H. Willoughby bought an interest in the paper and with Thomas incorporated it under the name of the Belleville Advocate Printing Company. In 1913 the Advocate was purchased by F. E. Evans, W. \\ . Evans P. K. Johnson, and Edward Julius. The Evans Brothers bought out the interests of Johnson and Julius in 1917 and sold an interest to Walter D. Schmitt. Schmitt's interest was purchased by Evans Brothers and Miss Anna Stolle in 1928. F. E. Evans continued as editor until his death in 1930, W. W. Evans assuming the editorship at that time. The Advocate is published daily, with the exception of Sunday. When it was first pub- lished the paper was a Democratic organ, remaining of that political faith even under the ownership of Jehu Baker. It later, during the Civil War time, became "1 ree Soil" and then became Republican, of which nature it is still published. Circulation, 7200. Advertising rate: local, 35c-50c; foreign, 49c. Subscription rate: local, s7.50; foreign, $5.00. BENLD ENTERPRISE: Established 1906 by J. J. Edwards. W. L. Schmitt, editor and owner since 1919. Benld, population, 3316. Located in Macoupin County, 42 miles north by northeast of St. Louis, Mo. C. & N. W.; L. & N. R.R.'s. Illinois Terminal. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Enterprise is published every Friday and is a Democratic paper. John J. Edwards was an owner of the Enterprise previous to the time it was taken over by Mr. Schmitt. Circulation, 1000. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, s2.00; foreign, S2.00. 3 59 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History BENTON STANDARD: Established 1849 by Goessman and Pierce. \V. Joe Hill, owner and editor. Published by Arley E. Martin previous to May 1, 1932. Benton, population, 9000. Situated in Franklin County, 80 miles southeast of St. Louis, Mo. I. C; C. & E. I.; M. P. R.R.'s. Coal mining, grain, live stock, fruit, and berries- are the leading products. Harness, window display fixtures, and enameled stove factories. Agriculture. The Standard is a weekly, Democratic publication. The present paper is an outgrowth of the old Independent, previously owned by Arley Martin, and the Standard owned by Brownlee & Cantrell. These two were consolidated in 1908, under the name of Benton Standard, with Mr. Martin as the owner and editor, a position which he had retained uninterruptedly up to May 1, 1932. Goessman & Pierce and J. S. Barr, Jr., are ljsted among other owners of the Standard. Circulation, IS 00. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $1.50. S. 1 ll K 1/1 1 K 1 H I GO BLANDINSVILLE STAR-GAZETTE: Consolidated 1900 by George Griggs. S. Hertzler Trego, present editor, owner and pub- lisher. Blandinsville, population, 9 5 9. Located in McDonough County, 16 miles northeast of Macomb. T. P. & W. R.R. Flour and saw mills. The Star-Gazette is a weekly publication, Republican in poli- tics. During its years of existence it has been owned at various times by John Bayless, George Griggs, and Milt Irwin. Circulation, 13 80. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.50. BOWEN CHRONICLE: Established 1891 by J. B. Simpson. Floyd E. Jones, present owner and publisher. Bowen, population, 640. Located in Hancock County, 3 miles northeast of Quincy. Wabash R.R. Feed mill. Agriculture, live stock, poultry, and dairying. The Chronicle is a weekly publication, Republican in politics. It has been owned at various times by Johnson Brothers, E. O. Reaugh, M. B. Drake, W. B. Newland, J. B. Simpson, M. S. McCoy & Sons, Milt Erwin, and George W. Nash. Circulation, 1200. Advertising rate: local, 2 0c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local $2.00; foreign, s2.0(). Floyd E. Jones 360 Il !l\l)h \'l WSPAP1 K DlKIl IORY AND HlSTORY BLOOMINGTON DAILY PANTAGRAPH: Established 1846 by Charles P. Merriman. Davis Merwin, president and general manager. Bloomington, population, 37,700. County seat of McLean County. C. & A.; I. C .; C. C. C. & St. L.; N. Y. C. & St. L., and I. T. R.R's. Railroad center; shops; manu- facturing — oil furnaces, washing machines, ventilating system and fans, auto radiators, gas stove, and foundry products. Coal mines, gravel deposits, and agriculture. Orphans' Home, home of Illinois Wesleyan University, Illinois State Normal University. The Pantagraph is the only survivor of a long list of papers which have been published at Bloomington. The first paper was started in 1837, by two young printers from Philadelphia. The financial backers were Jesse W. Fell and Ashael Gridley. Financially a failure, the paper was suspended about 1840. The direct ancestor of the Pantagraph was the Western Whig, established in 1846 by Charles P. Merriman, who was also aided by R. H. Johnson and I. N. Underwood. Jesse Fell again became identified with newspaper work, when he became associated with Mr. Merriman in the early 'id's, changing the name of the paper Davis Mm to the Intelligencer. In IS 54 the name was again changed, being called Pantagraph, a name derived from Greek roots adjuring the editors to "write all things." In addition to Merriman and Fell, others connected with the plant in those times were Charles L. Steele, William E. Foote, Franklin Price, William R. McCracken, J. W. Richardson, and Edward J. Lewis. The Pantagraph was first issued as a daily in 1857, but during the period of Civil War was through necessity published intermittently. Names appearing as publishers and editors at this time include, Henry B. Norton, F. J. Briggs, E. S. Carpenter, John H. Burnham, John S. Scibird, and Olin Waters. Jesse Fell re-acquired the paper in 1868, associated with him at that time being James P. Taylor and Mr. Fell's son-in-law, William O. Davis. In 1871 Mr. Davis pur- chased the entire property, and until his death in 1911, was owner and manager of the paper. After his death, the control passed to his son, Hibbard O. Davis, who with his sisters, Mrs. Lewis G. Stevenson and Mrs. Louis B. Merwin, owned the stock, the busi- ness meantime having been incorporated. H. O. Davis died in 1925, and the property came into possession of the Merwin and Stevenson families. Davis Merwin, nephew of Mr. Davis, who became assistant manager in 1924, assumed control and was elected president of the company. In October, 1927, the Pantagraph absorbed the Daily Bulletin, then the only other paper in Bloomington. The Pantagraph became a 24-hour paper, with four editions daily and a Sunday issue. A large, modern plant provides for the quickest and easiest method of production for the paper, while an airplane is used as part of the regular equipment for service in the news and circulation departments. The Pantagraph has enjoyed the honor of being judged first for general excellence among Illinois papers in communities of less than 5 0,000 population on five different occasions during the period since 1924, and in two of these years was given the Bowles national award. Circulation. 24,838. Advertising rate: local, 10c per line flat; foreign, 10c. Subscription rate: local. Daily s.5.00, Daily and Sunday S6.00; foreign. Daily s9.00, Daily and Sunday $12.00. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History J. W. R BUFFALO, TRI-CITY REGISTER: Established 1914 by G. Huntoon. J. W. Robertson, editor and publisher since Jan. 1> 1916. Buffalo, population, 475. Located in Sangamon County, 15 miles east northeast of Springfield. Wabash R.R.; Illinois Terminal R.R. System. Agriculture. The Tri-City Register is published every Friday and is Indepen- dent in politics. The Register is unusual, in that it is set entirely by hand. Circulation, 600. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. BUSHNELL RECORD: Established 1865 by D. G. Swan. James E. Dertinger, present owner and editor. Bushnell, population, 28 5 0. Situated in McDonough County, 28 miles southwest of Galesburg. C. B. & Q.; T. P. & W. R.R.'s. Butter and steel products manufactories. Poultry packing plants; poultry and egg market. Agriculture. The Record is a weekly publication, Republican in its political affiliation. In 18 80 the paper was purchased by Camp Brothers, who kept the Record in their family until 1916. Other owners of the Record at various times have included D. G. Swan, Andrew Hageman, A. W. Van Dyke, Epperson & Spencer, and J. H. Epperson. Circulation, 1426. Advertising rate: local, 20c to 30c; foreign, 22c to 32c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. Inns I . I), CAMBRIDGE CHRONICLE: Established 1858 by Dr. A. A. Dunn. O. quist, manager and part owner. L. A. Sanquist and W. D. Olson, part owners Cambridge, population, 13 50. County seat of Henry County, located 30 miles southeast of Rock Island. C. R. I. & P. R.R. Agriculture. The Chronicle has been owned at various times by L. H. Patten, C. A. Arnold, Smithe & Powers, Henry Cassan, Jr., George C. Smithe, Chapman Brothers, H. S. Comstock, P. S. Miller, Oscar D. Olson, Ed L. Roth, and John Mavity. O. E. Sanquist took charge of the paper as publisher in 1903, and three years later purchased it, continuing as publisher until 1927 when he sold an interest to his son, L. A. Sanquist, and to W. D. Olson. The Chronicle is a weekly publication, issued every Thursday. It is Republican in politics, and is the second oldest paper in Henry County. Circulation, 1200. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. E. San- h i i\uis \i w siwi'i r Dim ( roRY and History BRIGHTON NEWS: Established 18 80 by H. R. Glenny. A. William Amass, owner, editor, and publisher. Brighton, population, 5 86. Located in Macoupin County, 12 miles north of Alton. C. & A.; C. B. & Q. R.R.'s. Agriculture. The News is a weekly publication, appearing every Thursday, and is Independent in politics. Former owners of this paper have included H. R. Glenny, L. H. Chapin, W. Robertson, Frank Merrill, William C. Merrill, Franklin Brothers, W. B. Tietsort, and F. W. Lauck. Circulation, 600. Advertising rate: Subscription rate local, 20c-25c; foreign, 25c. local, $1.5 0; foreign, si. SO. BROADLANDS NEWS: Established 1899 by John Kenney. J. F. Darnall, present owner and publisher. Broadlands, population, 3 84. Champaign County, 20 miles southeast of Champaign. C. & E. I. R.R. Agriculture. The News is a weekly Republican paper, which has been owned at various times by the following: John Kenney, James Brady, George L. Parsons, and W. H. Thoma. Circulation, 8 5 0. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. BUDA PLAIN DEALER: Established 18 87 by P. N. Mason owner, editor, and publisher, since 1929. Buda, population, 769. Bureau County. C. B. & Q., C. & N. W. R.R.'s. Trading center, agriculture. The Plain Dealer was first established by P. N. Mason, who with his wife, continued the management of the paper until his death in 1928. Mr. Mason also established the Sheffield Times an.l the Wyanet paper in 1889, and the Neponset paper in 1891, carry- ing on these offices at the same time, although in later years, the Neponset Messenger was printed from the Buda office. The Plain Dealer is Independent, with Republican leaning, and is at present owned, edited, and published by J. C. Pedersen. Circulation, 500. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. J. C. Pedersen. J. ( . Pedkrsen 363 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History U. G. Orendorj CANTON DAILY LEDGER: Established 1849 by Joseph Dyckes. U. G. Oren- dorff, owner. C. E. Warwick, business manager. Canton, population, 11,571. Situated in Fulton County, 2 5 miles southwest of Peoria. C. B. & Q.; T. P. & W. R.R.'s. Agricul- tural implement works; cigar, clothing, millwork, and box factories. Coal mines. Brick-clay deposits. Agriculture. The Daily Ledger is the outgrowth of the Public Ledger first established at Lewistown, Illinois, later moved to Canton by Henry Walker in 18 54. Mr. Walker purchased a third interest in the paper and organized the firm of Dyckes, Griffith, and Walker, later becoming Griffith and Bideman. S. Y. Thornton bought Mr. Griffith's interest in the fall of 18 56 and the paper continued under the ownership of Thornton and Bideman for one year. Mr. Thornton then became sole proprietor and continued as such until _ _. ,„. his death in 1909. William E. Thornton, a son, published the paper C. E. Warwick r r r until 1911, when U. G. Orendorff organized the Canton Ledger Company, of which he was the president and chief stock holder, and bought out Mr. Thornton. The weekly was changed to a daily in 1912. In 1926 the Canton Ledger Company purchased the Canton Daily Register from C. E. Snively and since May, 1926 the Ledger has been Canton's only daily. It is published every afternoon with the exception of Sunday, and is Independent Republican in politics. Circulation, 5 841. Advertising rate: local, 50c; foreign, 4c per line. Subscription rate: local, $3.50; foreign, $4.00. CAPRON, BOONE COUNTY COURIER: Established 1921 by Elmer C-amer. Montelle Moore Boyd, owner and editor. Capron, population, 5 50. Located in Boone County, 20 miles northeast of Rockford. C. & N. W. R.R. Drain tile and building block factory. Whole milk receiving plant. Agriculture. The Boone County Courier is published every Thursday and is Independent in political affiliation. The paper was owned by Elmer Cramer previous to the time it was purchased by Mr. Boyd. The Courier is the sole organ of local news published in the north half of Boone County, and as such serves Caledonia and Poplar Grove as well as Capron, with a total population, village and farm- ing, of 3600. Circulation, 75 0. Advertising rate: local, 20-2 5c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. Iiiinois Newspaper Diki i hirv and History CARBONDALE FREE PRESS: Established 1881 by John H. Barton. Joseph F. McGuire and Robert \\". Davis, owners. Joseph McGuire, editor and publisher. Robert \\". Davis, manager. ^^^^^^^^^^^ Carbondale, population, 7529. Located in I Jackson County, 57 miles north of Cairo. I. C; 'A I Murphysboro & Southern Illinois R.R.'s. Tie I manufacturing plant; shoe factory; mill. Rail- »!■ road terminal. Southern Illinois Slate Xormal ^B^H University. Coal mines. Agriculture. ^K The I ree Press was first established as the ^^^^^^H \\ eekl) free Press, the Daily free Press being es- y~^M tablished 1903 b\ Col. John T. Galbraith. C. \\". K-^fl I Cunningham and C. W. Reith and continued publication until his death in 1917. From that Joseph F. McGuire date until 1920, the paper was operated by his Robert W. Davis widow, Mrs. Carrie Galbraith, who sold to the present owners. The Free Press is published daily with the exception of Sunday, and is Republican in political affiliation. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 42c. Circulation, 1785. Subscription rate: local, 15c per week; foreign, $4.00 per year. CARL1NVILLE DEMOCRAT: Established 18 56 by Gen. fohn M. Palmer. J. E. McClure, owner and publisher since 1901. Carlinville, population, 4144. County seat of Macoupin County, located 3 8 miles southwest of Springfield. Alton and I.T.S. Electric R.R.'s. Tile works; brickyard. Blackburn College. Coal mine; clay pits. Agriculture. The Democrat is published every Wednesday and is Republican in political affiliation. Previous to the time when Mr. McClure took over the paper, it was owned by A. G. David, H. M. Kimball, and Lant Edwards. Circulation, 2000. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 30c less 15', . Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, S2.00 plus postage. CARLYLE UNION BANNER: Established 1S63 by J. W. Peterson. John Ruf, Jr., present editor and publisher. Cariyle, population, 2127. Situated in Clinton County on the Kaskaskia River, 48 miles east of St. Louis, Mo. B. & O. R.R. Fac- tories for flour, shoes, lumber and paper. Trading center, agri- culture. The Union Banner is a weekly Republican paper which has been in only two families since its establishment in 1863. After the death of J. W\ Peterson, the work was carried on by his widow and John Ruf, Sr. Mr. Ruf became sole owner of the paper in 1S90. and in turn passed the paper on to his son, John Ruf, Jr., who has been in complete charge of the Union Banner since May, 1916. Circulation, 3000. Advertising rate: local, 20-2 5c; foreign, 3 5c. John Ruf, Jr. Subscription rate: local, Sl.50-S2.00. 365 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History CARTHAGE REPUBLICAN: Established 18 5.1 by Thaddius Clark. I. C. David- son, editor. Miss Mary Davidson, general manager. The materials for the Carthage Republican were shipped from Cincinnati, Ohio, to Warsaw, Illinois, about 1850, from there by ox team to LaHarpe where the Hancock Democrat was established and flourished for a few months. The equipment was then brought by ox team from LaHarpe to Carthage by Thaddius Clark, where he established the Re- publican. Clark was joined by Wesley H. Manier, as an editorial writer, and the firm of Clark & Manier continued the Republican as an Independent paper until October, 18 54, when it was sold to G. M. Childs who con- ducted it as an intensely Democratic sheet. The paper was next taken over by Dr. Griffith, who put his brother-in-law, Major R. W. McClaugh- ry, just graduated from Monmouth College, in charge as editor. He served until August, 1862, when he went away with the 118th Illinois Volunteers, and the Republican was sold to J. M. Davidson, Mary Davidson founder of the Fulton County Democrat at Lewistown. The Repub- lican has been in the Davidson family since that time. Mr. Davidson died September 29, 1894, his son and daughter having managed the paper since them. The Republican is issued every Wednesday, and continues to be the organ of the Demo- cratic party in Hancock County. Circulation, 3 5 00. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 31c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign $2.00. I. C. Davidson CENTRALIA EVENING SENTINEL: Established 1881 by F. D. Goodale and A. I.. Rice. Verne E. Joy, present editor and publisher. Centralia (including Central City and Wamac population), 15,200. Located in Marion County, 66 miles east of St. Louis, Mo. I. C; M. & I.; C. B. & Q.; Soo R.R.'s. Two railroad repair and machine shops; shoe and stove factories; foundry. Coal mines; oil wells. Fruit and dairy farming. The Evening Sentinel is published daily with the exception of Sunday and is Independent politically. This paper has been in the Joy family for over a period of 40 years. Owners of the Sentinel at various times have included Thomas L. Joy, Joy & Tillman, Joy & Hitchcock, J. N. Kerr, Goodale & Fletcher. Circulation, 6700. Advertising rate: local, 56c; foreign, 5 6c. Subscription rate: local, $7.5 0; foreign, $4.00 and $5.00. 366 h i inois Ni \\ spapj k Director'* and History FAIRFIELD, WAYNE COUNTY EXAMINER: Established 1919 by .1 number ot the business men of Fairfield. E. C. Vogel, editor and business manager. Wayne County Examiner, Inc., owner. Fairfield, population, 3275. Located in Wayne County, 42 miles east of Centralia. B. & O. R.R; Soo Ry. Wood shoe heel and Athletic underwear factories. Agriculture, especially red top grass seed. Poultry and live stock. The Wayne County Examiner is published weekly, appearing every Thursday. It is Republican in political affiliation. This paper was formerly published at Cisne as an individual enterprise. Circulation, 1888. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 40c, less 15', comm. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. I AIRFIELD, WAYNE COUNTY PRESS: Established 1866 by I). \\ . Barkley. E. H. Childress, editor and three-fourths owner. W. M. Knodell, one-fourth owner. The Wayne County Press is thought to have bjen actually founded about 18 52 or 185 3, and during this early period had several different names, among them being the Prairie Pioneer and the War Democrat. The latter name was used during the Civil War when the paper was a staunch supporter of the Union. At the con- clusion of the war, the paper was sold to D. W. Barkley, who a month later changed the name to the Press. W. M. Goudy succeeded Mr. Barkley as owner of the paper and maintained his interest in it until 1909, when the present owner gained control of the Press. The paper is published every Wednesday and is Independent politically. Circulation, 23 5 0. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c, 30c; foreign, 3 5c, 50c. E. H. Childress Subscription rate: local, $1.5 0; foreign, $2.00. FISHER REPORTER: Established 1889 by John Rodman. Charles 1 Allen, present owner and editor. Fisher, population, 746. Champaign County, on the Sangamon River, 40 miles east of Bloomington. I. C. R.R. Grain elevators, agriculture, poultry house. The Reporter is a weekly Independent publication, whose owners at various times have included Naylor & Bill, A. J. Bill, R. M. Hall, George E. Haas, and Alva Gilmore. In 192 9 it was purchased by Charles L. Allen, assistant professor of journalism at the University of Illinois, who uses the paper as a practical labora- tory for his students in the Country Journalism and Newspaper Administration classes at the L'niversity. Circulation, 400. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $1.5 0; foreign, $1.50. Charles L \i 1 1 - Illinois Newspaper Directory and History GALESBURG LABOR NEWS: Established 1895 by a group of Labor Unions, incorporated under the name Labor News Co. Thomas R. Downie, editor and business manager. The Labor News Co., Inc., owner. Galesburg, population, 28,830. Located in Knox County, 5 3 miles west north- west of Peoria. R. I. S.; C. B. & Q.; A. T. & S. F. R.R.'s. Diversified manufactures. Knox College. Agriculture. Live stock. The Labor News is published every Friday and is non-partisan in political affiliation, following only the endorsements of the state labor Federation. Until 1905 this paper was owned by a number of individuals, the last one being H. C. Smalley, who just before his death made provisions that the Labor News should be first offered for sale to the Labor Unions of the city of Galesburg and vicinity. Circulation, 2600. Advertising rate: local, 3 5c; foreign, 5 0c; political, 50c. Subscription rate: local $1.50; foreign, $1.50. Thomas R. Dc ■FITHIAN HERALD: Established 1908 by Roy and Edward Murphy. Charles W. Dale, owner and editor. Fithian, population, 482. Located in Vermilion County, 12 miles west of Danville. C. C. C. & St. L. R.R. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Herald is a weekly paper, Republican in political matters. Previous owners of the Herald have included Bert Stansbury and F. H. Guthneck. Circulation, 6 5 0. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. GENEVA REPUBLICAN: Established 1847 by Benjamin Wilson. Charles B. Mead & Son, owners and editors. Geneva, population, 4 592. County seat of Kane County, located on the Fox River, 3 5 miles west of Chicago. C. & N. W.; C. A. & E.; A. E. & F. R. R.R.'s. Water power. Manufactures flour, iron, sad irons, boxes, screens, hardware specialties, water heat- ers, cans, auto parts, pipe organs, and phonographs. Dairy farming. The Republican is published every Friday, and as the name indicates, is Republican in political affiliation. Former owners of this paper include Thomas J. Haugh, Wilson & Cockraft, S. L. Taylor, D. W. Taylor, Archer & Wheeler, A. D. Haynes, W. H. Harrell Co., and James E. Forrest. Charles B. Mead purchased the plant in 1891. Circulation: 1160; newsstand sales, 130. Advertising rate: local, 3 5c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00 in advance. ( haki is II. Mi:ad So s, |„„ T h llto.nl, K Jtn Couri 368 Illinois Newspaper Dim ( ioia and History ■J+&*- w. Hardy DECATUR HERALD AND REVIEW: Established in 1879. Decatur Newspapers, !ik\, owner. H. C. Schaub, president; F. M. Lindsay, general manager; W. 1. Hardy, editor; Frederic Schaub, business manager. Decatur, population, 57,378. Situated in Macon County, on Lake Decatur in Central Illinois corn belt. I. C; Wabash; B. & O.; l'enn.; III. Term. R.R.'s. Manufactures brass «AJ plumbing goods, vitreous ware, agricultural im- -— ^"^ plements, automobile accessories, steel tanks, ■•^^^■[k heating supplies, office fixtures, corn products, ^^^ ."^M^^ "id "il packers, creamery pro- BRM^B duets, gas and electric fixtures, pharmaceutical UF ^H products, brick, wallpaper, and oil burner sup- lies. James Millikin University. Decatur Col- li c Scmaub lege of Music. Coalmines. Agriculture. The Decatur Herald and Review represents the consolidation of the two papers of ^^^^^^^^^^_ Decatur under one management, and yet re- taining the same distinctive features of each paper. The Herald is published mornings and ^Jm^m*'- the lu'\u'v e\e I Ik Sunday morning l^| KK) paper appears under the name Decatur Sunday A \i Herald and Review. ^^k J^^^^, These papers were formerly owned by the i "^ \^H Decatur Herald Company and the Review Pub- fl MM lishing Company. The Herald is Independent Republican in politics, while the Review is In- R M. Lindsay dependent Democratic. Circulation, 48,000. Advertising rate: local, $1.40-$2.24; foreign, 14c per line. Subscription rate: local, seven issues 20c; 13 issues 30c. DUNDEE, FOX VALLEY HERALD: Established 1927 by Merrill O. Calamc, W. S. Roberts and Warren S. Jackman. Warren S. Jackman, managing editor and secretary-treasurer. Fox Valley Publishing Company, Inc., owner. Dundee, population, 5 005. Situated in Kane County, 38 miles northwest of Chicago. C. & N. W . R.R. Shirt, iron, and bolt factories. Potteries. Agriculture, dairying. The Fox Valley Herald is published every Thursday and is Inde- pendent in political affiliation. Warren S. Jackman, Grace M. Phillips, and Preston C. Comstock are owners of the Herald, and comprise the Fox Valley Publishing Company. Circulation, 5280. Advertising rate: local, 5 0c; foreign, 5 0c. Subscription rate: local, s2.5(); foreign, $2.50. 369 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Frank Groves * CLAYTON ENTERPRISE: Established 1879 by Rev. P. L. Turner. Frank Groves, present owner and editor. Clayton, population, 964. Located in Adams County, 2 8 miles east northeast of Quincy. Wabash R.R. Grain elevator; cigar and soda pop factories; feed mills; fruit tree nursery. Ships hay, grain, wool, poultry, eggs, and live stock. Site of state experiment farm. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Enterprise is a weekly publication, Independent in politics. Previous owners include J. L. Staker, and Groves & Mockmore. Circulation, 800. Advertising rate: given upon application. Subscription rate: local, $1.25; foreign, $1.2 5. COBDEN REVIEW: Established 1924 by Albert Townsend. Charles C. Feirich, editor and publisher. Cobden, population, 1036. Situated in Union County, 37 miles north Cairo. I. C. R.R. Machine shop; fruit and vegetable package and fruit spray factories. Clay pits. Elberta peaches, apples, an J other fruits. The Review is published every Thursday and is Independent in politics. Former owners of this paper include A. B. Glenn, R. C. Storm, and Harry C. Mangold. Vernon W. Ittner, editor and publisher for past few years, sold the Review to Mr. Feirich in July, 1933. Circulation, 42 5. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $1.5 0; foreign, $1.5 0. COLLINSVILLE HERALD: Established 1879 by James N. Peers. J. O. Monroe, present owner and editor. Collinsville, population, 975 3. Situated in Madison County, 12 miles east north- east of St. Louis, Mo. Pressed brick, zinc and lead works, tomato products factory; flour mills; poster printing plant. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Herald is a weekly publication, Democratic in its political affiliation. This paper was bought in 1917 by Mr. Monroe who also established in connection with it the Herald Poster Company, which does an extensive business in the printing of posters, street car cards, and window displays. The Herald has also been owned by James Peers and the Collinsville Publishing Company. Circulation, 2400. Advertising rate: local, 40c; foreign, 40c. I O Monroi Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. 'Sec Golden Nc 370 Illinois Ni wsi-aimr Diki( ioky and History -CORNELL JOURNAL: Established 1890 by A. E. Tiffany, who has been editor and publisher since that date. Cornell, population, 528. Located in Livingston County, 29 miles southeast of LaSalle. Wabash R.R. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Journal is published every Friday and is Republican in politics. It has been operated under one ownership longer than any paper in Livingston County. Circulation, 896. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, SI. 50; foreign. Si. 50. DEKALB DAILY CHRONICLE: Established 1879 by Clinton W. Greenaway and E. J. Raymond, editors and publishers since 1909. DeKalb, population, 8536. Situated in DeKalb County, 5 8 miles west of Chicago. C. & N. W.; C. G. W.; C. M. St. P. & Pac. R.R.'s. Various manufactured articles include refrigerators, pianos, wire, nails, roller skates, wagons, truck bodies, rain coats, and novelties. Home of Northern Illinois State Teachers' College. Agriculture. The Daily Chronicle is published every afternoon with the exception of Sunday, and is Republican in politics. Previous to the time it was taken over by Greenaway and Raymond, the Chronicle was J. F. Glidden Publishing Co. Circulation, 45 50. Advertising rate: local, 45c; foreign, 45c. Subscription rate: local, $7.80; foreign, S5.00. Rosette. I rank », F. W". t,KI I \ W E. J. Raymond owned bv the John M< Con m hie i Point \,l'. COULTERVILLE REPUBLICAN: Established by William Beattie. John McConachie, owner, editor, and publisher since 1911. Coulterville, population, 13 37. Located in Randolph County, 47 miles southeast of St. Louis. Mo. & Pac; I. C. R.R 's. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Republican is a weekly publication, appearing every Friday, and as the name implies, is Republican in political affiliation. Former owners of this paper have included John R. McFie, John P. McClurken, Nat Childs, H. F. Rislev, and E. B. Beever. Circulation, 5 5 0. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, 'si. 50; foreign, SI. 50. u-: Rinscm Journ.1. 371 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History CRETE RECORD: Established 1920 by E. M. Williams, who has been editor and publisher since that date. Crete, population, 1429. Located in Will County, 2 5 miles east southeast of Joliet. C. & E. I. R.R. Agriculture. The Record is published weekly, appearing every Thursday. It is Republican in politics. This paper is the sole survivor of many papers which at various times have been established at Crete. Circulation, J 00. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.2 5. H. M. Williams A. C. GlNGERICH DAN VERS INDEPENDENT: Established 1912 by Stuckey Brothers. A. C. Gingerich, owner and publisher. Danvers, population, 601. Located 10 miles west northwest of Bloomington in McLean County on State Route 164. C. C. C. & St. L.; I.T. R.R.'s. Agriculture. The Independent is a weekly publication, appearing every Fri- day and is Independent politically. Stuckey Brothers were previously owners of this paper. Circulation, 4 5 0. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $1.5 0; foreign, $1.5 0. *DEPUE LEADER: Established 1904 by Unholz Brothers. P. M. Mahoney, editor and publisher. Depue, population, 2200. Located in Bureau County, near the Illinois River, 10 miles west of LaSalle CM. St. P. & Pac; C. R. I. & P.; N. Y. C. R.R.'s. Zinc plant. Grain, live stock farms. The Leader is a weekly publication, issued every Friday. It is Independent in politics. This paper is published at Spring Valley. Circulation, 630. Advertising rate: local, 28c; foreign, 28c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. tDAVIS LEADER: Established 1911 by Edward Degunther, who has since been editor and business manager. John Van Sickle, owner. Davis, population, 3 37. Located 14 miles northeast of Free- port in Stephenson County. C. M. St. P. & Pac. R.R. Cheese factories. Ships cheese and live stock. The Leader is a weekly publication and is Independent in politi- cal affiliation. Charles A. Bancroft is a former owner of this paper. Circulation, 5 30. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 3 0c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. Iii iNOis \i \\ spa pi r Directory and History A. S. HOLBROOK DWIGHT STAR AND HERALD: Established 1868 by Charles L. Palmer. Dustin & Holbrook, Inc., owners. A. S. Hol- brook, editor and business manager. Dwight, population, 25 33. Located in Livingston County, 74 miles southwest of Chicago. C. & A.; N. Y. C. R.R.'s. Leslie E. Kecley Institute. U. S. Veterans' Hospital No. 5 3. Oakdale State Reformatory for Women. Foundry. Agriculture. The Star and Herald is a weekly paper, with publication on I riday. It is Republican in politics. Circulation, 1873. Advertising rate: local, 22c; foreign, 40c. Subscription rate: local, S3. 00; foreign. $3.00. EARLVILLE LEADER: Established 1880 by J. W. Turner, E and editor since 1900. Earlville, population, 1027. Located in LaSalle County. 3 2 miles west southwest of Aurora. C. B. & Q.; C. & N. W. R.R.'s. Gravel pit. Agriculture. The Leader is published every Thursday and is Republican in political affiliation. J. W. Turner, the founder, owned the Leader from 1880-1890, at which time it was purchased by A. H. Smith, who controlled it until 1900, when it was taken over by the present owner. Circulation, 1250. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.50. Tabor, owner EAST Harper, edi MOLINE HERALD: Established 1904 by Thomas B. Caverly. R. M. tor and publisher. East Moline, population, 10,095. Located in Rock Island County, 8 miles east of Rock Island. C. M St. P. & Pac; C. B. & Q.; C. R. I. & P. R.R.'s Plow, laundry machinery, scale, pressed steel, harvester machinery, and engine factories. General farming. The Herald is a semi-weekly publication, appearing on Tues- days and Fridays. It is Independent in political affiliation. Among those who have been owners of the Herald at various times are Thomas B. Caverly, W. C. Mardis, Dr. G. F. Johnson, Floyd E. Thompson, F. O. Lovins, and W. B. Rose. Circulation, 3500. Advertising rate: local, 3Sc; foreign, 42c. Subscription rate: local. Free; foreign, $3.00. 373 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History ELBURN HERALD: Established 1907. M. J. Mansfield, editor and publisher since 1928. Elburn, population, 548. Located in Kane County, 45 miles west of Chicago. C. & N. W. R.R. Dairy and stock farms. Previous to the founding of the Herald, a paper was published in Elburn, known as the Blackberry Blade. This was in the days before the name of Elburn had been given the town, which until 1887 was known as Blackberry, Illinois. Although no complete record is available, it is the general consensus that a paper has been published in this village for the past 5 or 60 years. The Herald is issued every Thursday and is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 600. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.50. ELDORADO DAILY JOURNAL: Established 1911 by L. O been editor and publisher since that date. Kenneth R. Trigg, business Eldorado, population, 4483. Located in Saline County, 45 miles southeast of Evans- ville, Indiana. C. C. C. & St. L.; L. & N.; I. C; S.I.R.&P. R.R.'s. Trading center. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Daily Journal was first established as a weekly in 1911, changing to a semi-weekly in 1920. Responding to the demand for a more frequent publication, it was changed to a daily in 1921. The Journal is printed every afternoon, with the exception of Sunday. It is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 1625. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 28c. Subscription rate: local, $4.00; foreign, $4.00. who has L. O. Trigc ELIZABETH WEEKLY NEWS: Established 1892 by B. J. Terry. Frank Foster, editor and publisher. Elizabeth, population, 651. Located in Jo Daviess County, 29 miles southwest of Dubuque, Iowa, on Federal Highway 2 and State Route 5. C. G. W. R.R. Creameries. Lead mines. Dairying, agriculture. The Weekly News, as the name indicates, is a weekly publica- tion and appears on Wednesday. It is Republican in politics. Charles Walters, Paul Atz and E. R. Trebon are listed among the former owners of the News. Circulation, 400. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. 374 Illinois Ni w snaim u I)iki< ioiiy and History EAST DUBUQUE REGISTER: Established 1893 by Mert Loughlin and Charles Osborn. F. J. Schneider and R. E. Werner, owners. R. E. Werner, editor. East Dubuque, population, 1395. Situated in Jo Daviess E County, on the Mississippi River, just one mile across the river from Dubuque, Iowa, a city of 4 5,000 noted for its beautiful scenery. Motor bus and bridge connections. C. B. & Q.; 1. C; C. G. W. R.R.'s. Automobile equipment factory. Metal foundry. Farming. The Register is a weekly publication, Independent in political affiliation. The Register Printing Company and W. J. I.utenberg are among the former owners of this paper. In 1929 the Register moved from the old frame building which it had occupied for 36 years, into a modern, new brick plant. A fully equipped commer- H i Werner cial printing plant is maintained in connection with the paper plant. The Register is located within two miles of the Wisconsin state line, and within one mile of the Iowa state line, so that its circulation extends into Wisconsin's Grant County and Iowa's Dubuque County, as well as in Jo Daviess County in Illinois. Circulation, 1425. Advertising rate: local, 22c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. EFFINGHAM COUNTY REVIEW: Established 1915 by Albert H. Gravenhorst, who has been owner and editor since that date. Effingham, population, 4961. Situated in Effingham County, 99 miles east northeast of St. Louis, Mo. Wabash; I. C; P. R.R.'s. Condensed milk, canned food products, church furniture, and butchers' blocks manufactured. Fruit, dairy, and general farming. The County Review is published every Wednesday and is Democratic in political affiliation. Circulation, 85 0. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 26c. Subscription rate: local, SI. 50; foreign, $2.00. A. H. Grave* :: ELMWOOD GAZETTE: Established 1872 by Robert 1 . Mil- ler. B. R. Bates, owner and editor. Elmwood population, 1 166. Located in Peoria County, 1" miles west of Peoria. C. B. & Q. R.R. Coal. Agriculture. The Gazette is published every Thursday and is Independent in politics. It was first established at Brimheld and was moved to Elm- wood in 1875. Circulation, 872. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. 375 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History FLANAGAN HOME TIMES: Established 1881 by J. M. Breen. F. owner and editor since 1913. Bamber r. |. Bamb Flanagan, population, 631. Located in Livingston County, 13 miles west of Pontiac. I. C. R.R. Poultry and dairy industries; butter factory; feed mill. Grain and produce market. Artesian wells. Agriculture. The Home Times has been owned by W. W. Kenney, Leonard Calvin, Gerald Galvin, J. J. Meils, and L. V. Daniels at different times during its years of existence. The Times is published every Friday and is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 1000. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $1.25; foreign, $1.50. 'FLORA JOURNAL-RECORD: Established 1921 by L. M. Wood. Owned by the Flora Record Publishing Co., Inc. L. M. Wood, editor and business manager. Flora, population, 4397. Clay County, 94 miles east of St. Louis, Mo. Railroad shops; shoe, furniture, and underwear factories; ice and cold storage plants. Agriculture. Horticulture. The Journal-Record is a consolidation of the Flora Journal and the Flora Record, made in January, 1921. The Journal was established in 1870 and the Record in 1912. The Flora Record Publishing Co., Inc., bought the Record of Col. Randolph Smith, E. B. Gorrell, and C. S. Erwin, in Dec. 1919, and purchased the Journal from B. M. Maxey, January, 1921. Circulation, 15 00. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 3 0c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. FRANKLIN GROVE, FRANKLIN REPORTER: Established 1869 by John Blocher. Bela R. Halderman, editor and publisher since 1913. Franklin Grove, population, 62 5. Located in Lee County, 3 miles south of Rockford and 10 miles east of Dixon, on the Lincoln Highway. C. & N. W. R.R. Limestone, gravel, and rock quarries. Agriculture. The Franklin Reporter has been owned at various times by D. B. Senger, W. T. Tuttle, George W. Gaver, Charles Bancroft, E. P. Harrison, S. D. Remley, and J. C. Cook. This paper is a weekly publication, issued every Thursday. It is Republican in its political affiliation, and is the oldest weekly in Lee County. Circulation, 8 5 0. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 15c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. Bi i \ R. I [alderman Illinois Newspaper Direc iorv and Hisiok-i GALESBURG REGISTER-MAIL: Established 1872 by the Galesburg Printing ind Publishing Company. Omer N. Custer, publisher. Fred R. Jelliff, editor. Galesburg, population 28,830. Located in Knox County, 5 3 miles northwest of Peoria. R. I. S.; C. B. & Q.; A. T. & S. F. R.R.'s. Diver- sified manufactures. Knox College (Non-sec- tarian). Agriculture, livestock. The Register-Mail is published daily, with the exception of Sunday. This paper was origi- nally the Republican-Register, formed by the merger of the Republican, established 1870, and the Register. The Republican-Register and Omer N. Custer the Ma j] werc mergec ( Apr ,l 1? X92 7 . Advertising rate: Subscription rate: local, $4.00; foreign, S4.00. Fred R. Jelliff local, 6c per line; foreign, 6c per line. Circulation, 19,627. GALESBURG POST: Established 1928 by W. B. and M. A. Creighton. M. A. Creighton, editor. Post Publishing Co., owner. The Post is published every Friday and is Independent in poli- tics. A unique feature of the Post's service is the "Free composition of all advertising and printed matter." Merchants rely upon mem- bers of the Post staff to write their ads, or to furnish ideas for sales campaigns. The Post has the largest net paid circulation of any weekly in Knox County. Circulation, 3000. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $1.50. M. A. Creighton GRAYVILLE MERCURY-INDEPENDENT: Established 1919 by \\". J. and N. B. Seil, editors and publishers since that date. Grayville Publishing Company, Inc., owner. Grayville, population, 1904. Located in White County on the Wabash River, 2 8 miles northwest of Evansville, Indiana. C. C. C. & St. L.; I. C. R.R.'s. Poultry packing; cold storage and gravel digging plants. Button and underwear factories; flour and planing mills; concrete block works; elevators, machine shop. Ships agricultural products. Diversified farming. The Mercury-Independent is a consolida- tion of the Mercury, established 1888 by W. K. Burnett and the Independent, which was founded in 18 57 by J. E. Clarke. W. J. Seil & Son were former owners of the Mercury, while Charles Field owned the Independent. This paper is published weekly, on Thursday, and is Inde- pendent in politics. Circulation, 1 000. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, SI. 50; foreign, $1.50. \. b. Sim 377 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History GENESEO REPUBLIC: Established in 18 56 by the late Adam Lieberknecht. Will and Charles Lieberknecht, owners and publishers. C. F. McConnell, editor. Geneseo, population, 3401. Located in Henry County, 23 miles east of Rock Island. C. R. I. & P. R.R. Canning factory. Agriculture. The Republic is unusual in that it has been continuously in the Adam Lieberknecht family for over a period of 75 years. Adam Lieberknecht, the founder, served as U. S. Chas. Lieberknecht Will Lieberknecht C. F. McConnell Minister to Mexico and Switzerland. His son, J. Frank Lieberknecht, succeeded him as editor of the Republic, continuing in this capacity until his death, 1926. The Republic- is published weekly, on Friday. It is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 3000. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.50. GREENVILLE ADVOCATE: Established 185 8 by Jediah F. Alexander. Will C. Carson, editor, publisher, and sole owner since 1916. Greenville, population, 3233. Bond County, located on P. R.R., 44 miles northeast of St. Louis, Mo. Manufacture of steel products, gloves, spark plugs, and society regalia. Condensed milk factories. Natural gas wells, coal mines; sand and gravel pits. Agriculture. Home of Greenville College. The Advocate was established by Jediah F. Alexander, second president of the Vandalia Line, which is now the Pennsylvania Rail- road. Mr. Alexander, who was also state senator and internal reve- nue collector and an intimate friend of Abraham Lincoln, estab- lished the Advocate for the purpose of taking up the fight for Mr. Lincoln for United States Senator. Complete files of the Advo- cate have been preserved from the day of its inception, down to the present day. These files tell the story of Greenville and Bond County from that time to date with all of its various ramifications. The second editor of the Advocate was E. J. C. Alexander, who owned it from 1863-1865. The third owner was S. C. Mace, who served it from 1865-1871. He was succeeded by S. B. Hynes who controlled the paper until 1873, at which time it was taken over by George M Tatham, who owned and edited it from 1873-1893. In 1893 W. W. Lowis purchased the Advocate and was sole owner until 1908 when he sold a half interest to Will C. Carson, who obtained full control in 1916. The Advocate is Republican in politics and is published every Monday and Thursday. Will C. Carson Circulation, 3400. Advertising rate: Subscription rate: local, 40c; foreign, 45 c. local, $2.00; foreign, $2.50. 378 Ii i [nois \i wM'MM i< Directory and History GREENVILLE EQUITY UNION EXCHANGE: Established 1914 by C. O. Drayton. Leroy Melton, editor. Owned by the Farmers Equity Union, Greenville The Equity Union Exchange was published by the Equity Union Publishing Company until 19 17 when it was purchased bv the Farmers Equity Union. C. O. Drayton remained as editor until 1919, when Leroy Melton was elected editor and has served continuously in that capacity from that time. The Equity Union l-xchange is co-operative and agricultural, devoted to the interests of the farmer. It is published every Wednesday and has no political affiliation. Circulation, 22,000. Advertising rate: local, sl.00. Subscription rate: local, sl.00. Victor H. Haven Lekoi \Ii i roN GREENFIELD ARGUS: Established 1878 by William \\". Haven. Victor H. Haven, editor, owner, and publisher since 1884. Greenfield, population, 1038. Situated in Greene Count), 55 miles north of St. Louis, Mo. C. & A.; C. B. & Q. R.R.'s. Agri- culture. Live stock. The Argus is a weekly publication, Independent Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 775. Adverising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, s.2.00; foreign, $2.50. Established 1882 by D. A. Creed. Mrs. Bert B. Bates, HEYWORTH STAR present editor and publisher. Heyworth, population, 95 8. Located in McLean County, 12 miles south of Bloomington. I. C. R.R. Diversified farming. The Star was first known as the Weekly Standard during the time that Hugh Robb was editor. This was succeeded by the Hey- worth Reporter which existed between 1892 and 1898, with Frank Stackhouse as proprietor and |. A. Laswell, editor. Mr. Laswell later became the owner and changed the name again to the Natural Gas, in recognition of the discovery and com- mercial use of gas. S. M. Drum and A. O. McDowell followed, the latter selling out in 192 3 to P. A. Chapman who changed the name to the Star. Frank Woolley owned the paper from 1925-1927, selling to Bert B. Bates, who continued as the highly esteemed and much-loved editor and lisher until his death May 13, 1931. His widow has since c on his activities. Circulation, 5 10. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. BtRT B. Bates pub- lrried 379 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History GEORGETOWN NEWS: Established 1898 by J. W. Akers. Lee R. Holly, owner and publisher since 192 8. Georgetown, population 3461. Located in Vermilion County, 10 miles south of Danville. C. C. C. & St. L.; Illinois Terminal R.R.'s. Extensive coal mines. Ships poultry and eggs. Agriculture. The Georgetown News is a weekly publication, appearing every Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Fred W. Cheney was a former owner of this paper. The Westville News is also pub- lished from this office. Circulation, 650. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. ^ * Lee R. Holly WMt :: GENOA REPUBLICAN: Established 1905 by C. D. Schoon- maker. C. Coleman Schoonmaker, owner and editor since 1923. Genoa, population, 1168. Located in DeKalb County, 2 5 miles southeast of Rockford. C. M. St. P & Pac; I. C. R.R.'s. Telephone and canning factories. Hatchery. Agriculture, dairying. The Republican has been in the Schoonmaker family since the date of its establishment. This paper is published every Friday, and is Republican in politics. Circulation, 1175. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. C. C. Schoonmaker GIBSON CITY, GIBSON COURIER: Established 1873 by Walter Hoge. C. E. and J. P. Lowry, editors. Gibson Courier Printing Co., Inc., owner. Gibson City, population, 2161. Located in Ford County, 34 miles east of Bloom- ington. I.C.; N. Y. C. & St. L.; Wabash R.R.'s. On State Highways 9, 47, and 48. Iron foundry; greenhouse; hatchery; machine shop; canning and cigar factories. Agriculture. The Courier has been in the Lowry family since 1875, the two sons, C. E. and J. P. Lowry having succeeded their father, Emanuel Lowry, in 1897. The Courier is a weekly pub- lication, issued every Thursday. It is Indepen- dent in politics. Circulation, 1800. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, J. P. Lowry $2.00. C. E. Lowry 'See ECirkland Enterpri 3 80 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History GALENA GAZETTE: Established 1834 by Loring and Bartiett. Mrs. Catherine E. Grimm, owner. Harriett J. Grimm, business manager. A. W. Glessner, editor. Galena, population, 3 871. County seat of Jo Daviess County, located on the Galena River, 14 miles southeast of Dubuque, Iowa. I. C; C. & N. W.; C. B. & Q. R.R.'s. Iron foundries; lead and zinc reduction works; heating furnace and register plant; stone and marble works; axle grease, handle, can filling machinery, and truck factories. Farming, dairying. The Gazette, from the time of its establishment to the present day, has been owned by the following: Bartiett & Mills; S. M. Bartiett; S. M. Bartiett & Co.; H. H. Hough- ton; Houghton, Breath & Thompson; H. H. Houghton; Houghton & Stevens; H. H. Houghton; W. C. E. Thomas; Houghton & Springer; H. H. Houghton; Houghton & >ward Grimm (Deceased) Catherine E. Grimm J. Grimm Company; H. Houghton; Brown & Shaw; J. P. Brown; The Galena Gazette, Inc.; and A. W. Glessner. Edward Grimm purchased the paper in 1916, and published it con- tinuously until his death in 1930. Since that time the Gazette has been managed by his daughter and three sons. The Gazette is published daily, with a weekly edition every Thursday, and is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation: weekly, 3200; daily, 1100. Advertising rate: local, weekly, 30c, 15c per line; daily 20c, 10c per line; foreign, weekly, 3 5c, 15c per line; daily, 2 5c, 10c per line. Subscription rate: local, weekly, $2.00, daily, $5.00; foreign, $4.00. fFORRESTON JOURNAL: Established 1867 by Saltzman and Matthews. G. C. Terry, editor and publisher. Forreston, population, 907. Located in Ogle County, 12 miles south of Freeport. C. B. &Q.; I.C. R.R.'s. Railway gravel washing and commercial gravel plants; seed house; poultry, hide, and fur market; washing machine and automatic scale factories. Gravel pits. Agriculture. The Journal is a weekly publication, which is issued every Thursday. It is Inde- pendent-Republican in political affiliation. Mrs. Susan Buckley is among the former owners of this paper. Circulation, 700. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, S2.00; foreign, $2.00. tSec Polo. Tri-County Pr, 381 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History GILLESPIE NEWS: Established 1905 by S. P. Preston, who has b and publisher since that date. Gillespie, population 5160. Macoupin County, 2 5 miles north- east of Alton. C. C. C. & St. L. R.R. Coal mines; agriculture; fruit raising; and live stock. Population of Gillespie is constantly on the increase, due to its mining industries. The News which is a weekly Democratic publication is one of the outstanding papers of Macoupin County. Circulation, 182 5. Advertising rate: local, 25c foreign, 35c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. the owner S. P. Preston C. C. Parker GRANT PARK ANCHOR: Established 1899 by W. C. Campbell. C. C. Parker, editor and publisher since 1926. Grant Park, population, 5 07. Located in Kankakee County, 18 miles northeast of Kankakee. C. & E. I. R.R. Agriculture. The Grant Park Anchor is a weekly publication, issued every Thursday. It is Republican in politics. J. R. Hanlon owned this paper from 1900 to 1923, and C. A. Violet from 1923 until it was purchased by the present owner. Circulation, 600. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. HILLSBORO, MONTGOMERY NEWS: Established 1869 by Charles L. and Emma T. Bangs. Clinton P. Bliss, owner, editor, and publisher. Hillsboro, population, 443 5. Montgomery County, 5 miles north- east of St. Louis, Mo. C. C. C. & St. L.; C. & E. I. R.R.'s. Fruit jar factory; zinc smelters. Electric power plant. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Montgomery News was made one of the best known papers of Illinois through the wit and sagacity of Charles W. Bliss, or "Uncle Charlie" as he was known to scores of newspaper men over the entire country. From 1892 until his death in October, 1931, Mr. Bliss was active as editor and publisher of the Mont- r gomery News. His son, Clinton P. Bliss, who 1 had been associated with his father on the News for over 2 5 years, is now editor and publisher. The News included among its former owners Mr. and Mrs. C. L. Bangs, J. Alexander, and Ben Johnson. This paper is published every Monday and Thursday, and is strictly Democratic in political affiliation. Circulation, 4800. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 42c. Subscription rate: local, S2.50; foreign, $2.50. Charles W. Bliss (Deceased) Clinton P. Bliss 3 82 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History GRIGGSVILLE INDEPENDENT PRESS: Established 1879 by Arnold Hughes. Edwin W. Seehorn, editor and owner since 1920. Griggsville, population, 1183. Located in Pike County, 32 miles west of Jacksonville, on State Route 107. Wabash R.R. Large apple orchards. Live stock. Agriculture. The Independent Press is a weekly publication, appearing every Wednesday, and as the name indicates is Independent in political affiliation. The subscription list of the Perry Citizen was taken over by the Independent Press in July, 1931, at the time of the Citizen's suspension. The Pike County Mutual Life News, a fra- ternal publication, is also issued from this office monthly. Circulation, 1200. Advertising rate: local, 20c, 15c; foreign, 2 5c. Edwin W. Seehorn Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. HARDIN, CALHOUN NEWS: Established 1915 by C. C. Campbell Greathouse, who are now owners and publishers. Hardin, population, 733. Located in Cal- houn County, on Illinois River, about 30 miles northwest of Alton. Nearest railroad and ex- press station, East Hardin. C. & A. R.R. Agri- culture and horticulture. The Calhoun County Republican was es- tablished about 1905 by Thomas D. Bare, and was published by Charles Temple at the time it was bought by Campbell and Greathouse, who changed the name to the Calhoun News. This paper is a weekly publication, appearing every Wednesday. It is Independent in political C. C. Campbell affiliation. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 20c. Circulation, 1200 Subscription rate: local, \2.00; foreign, $4.00. and A. B. I K I t IORS \MI I lis I OR V SPARTA NEWS-PLAINDEALER: Established 1863 by Rotrock Brothers. Howe V. Morgan, editor and publisher since 1919. Paul A. Bourner, co-publisher. Sparta, population, 3383. Located in Randolph County, 45 miles southeast of St. Louis, Missouri. M. &: ().; M.-I. R.R.'s. Rayon garment factory; plow works; railroad shops. Coal mines. Agriculture. The News-Plaindealer, only paper published in Sparta, was formed in 1921 by the consolidation of the Sparta News and the Sputa Plaindealer. Established in 1863, the paper was published by Rotrock Brothers through the Civil War, after which the plant was leased to W. J. Armour, who changed the name to the Star of the West. General J. Blackburn Jones purchased the paper in 1866, buying a new typeface and once more changing the name to the Randolph Plaindealer. Under Gen. Jones, it became the hrst paper in Illinois to hoist the name of U. S. Grant for president. In 1868 the Plaindealer was sold to T. M. Nichol, who continued Howi V. Morgan publication until the following April, when J. D. Watson purchased an interest in it. The firm of Nichol & Watson continued until December, 1870. when they sold out to Kimball & Taylor of Belleville, who placed Edward Fagin in charge as editor and manager. He was succeeded by Fred L. Alles in 1872, who bought the paper the following year, and on the same date sold it to S. L. Taylor of Sparta. From then until October, 1921, Mr. Taylor was connected with the paper continuously, cither as owner or editor, or both. Others connected with the Plaindealer at this time included Albert Goddard, W. B. Taylor, Taylor Brothers, George Campbell and Don E. Deitrich, Campbell Brothers, E. I. Smith, and Taylor Brothers, the latter being in charge when the paper was sold to Howe V. Morgan and Paul A. Bourner in 1921. Morgan and Bourner both came from Greenville, Illinois, where they had been em- ployed on the Greenville Advocate, but upon their arrival in Sparta purchased the Sparta News from O. E. Meyer, who had been its publisher for several years. The News was the successor to the Sparta Argonaut, which was established as a Democratic paper about 1896. The News-Plaindealer appears weekly with from 12-16 pages, home print, and in 1928 was one of the 14 honorable mention weeklies in a contest conducted by the Illinois Press Association. It is Independent in politics. Circulation, 2069. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign. $2.00. SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS TRADESMAN: Established 1S97 by Reed and Crosby. R. E. Woodmansee, editor and publisher. The Illinois Tradesman was published for about nine months by its founders, and was then purchased by R. E. Woodmansee, who has been the editor and publisher since that date. This paper has been the official organ of the Springfield Federation of Labor since 1898. It is published every Friday and is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 3250. Advertising rate: local, 40c; foreign, 40c. Subscription rate: local, SI. 00; foreign. Si. 00. K I . Woodmans Illinois Newspaper Directory and History D. W. Grandon -STERLING GAZETTE: Established 1854 by Charles Boynton. D. W. Grandon, editor, general manager, and president of the Sterling Gazette Company, Inc., owner. Sterling, population, 10,013. Located on the Rock River in Whiteside County, 5 miles northeast of Rock Island. C. & N. W.; C. B. & Q. R.R.'s. Hennepin Canal. Abundant water power. Manufactures agricultural implements, hardware, bolts, rivets, and wire. Milk condensary; creamery; ice and cold storage plants. Diversified farming. The Gazette was first known as the Sterling Times, and was purchased from Mr. Boynton in 185 5 by H. G. Grattan and A. A. Norwood. Norwood and Goodrich were the next publishers until L. D. Crandall purchased the paper in 18 56, with William Hyde acting as editor for a year. Worthington & Biggart next bought the Times, selling the press and equipment to H. G. Grattan, who changed the name to the Sterling Gazette. William Caffrey started the Sterling Republican in 18 56, and he and Mr. Grattan combined their papers in 1858 as the Republican and Gazette. Walter Nim- ocks bought Mr. Grattan's interest, later moving to Kansas. Shortly after Mr. Caffrey restored the name of Gazette, which has since continued. In 1861 a company headed by C. M. Worthington acquired control of the paper, Mr. Worthington soon buying out the other interests and publishing the Gazette until 1870, when he sold to George Terwilliger. Later Mr. Worthington again secured full control, selling a half interest to W. F. Eastman in 1873, who became sole owner in 1876. In July of that year he sold a half interest to D. J. Jenne, the two selling to Chalkly John and William R. Cobb, 1880. Dennis T. Kelly and John W. Lee pur- chased the stock in 18 86, but were not successful, and Mr. Eastman was made receiver for the paper until 18 87. Since that date the owners have been Chalkly John and Hugh L. John, Chalkly, H. L., and Maurice D. John until 1903, when Orville P. Bassett and the Sterling Publishing Company became the publishers, changing the name soon afterwards to the Sterling Gazette Company. Maurice D. John became the prin- cipal owner of the stock, which he later sold to George D. John, executor of the estate of Martha A. John, who sold it to D. W. Grandon, the present editor and publisher, April 1, 1915. The Sterling Daily Standard was purchased by Mr. Grandon in 1916 and combined with the Gazette. The first attempt to publish the paper as a daily was made by Eastman and Jenne in 1878. After continuing as a daily for several months, the paper reverted to weekly issues until 1882, when C. John and W. R. Cobb re-established it as a daily, which it has remained ever since. The Gazette is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 7010. Advertising rate: local, 63c; foreign, 63c. Subscription rate: local, $4.00 (mail); foreign, S7.00; 20c per week (carrier). 404 Illinois \'i w spapi u Dirk huh \nd History -STANFORD STAR: Established 1890 by Mr. Shaw. George L. Morris, editor since 1929. Crihfield Brothers, Inc., owners. Stanford, population, 443. Located in McLean County, 12 miles west of Bloomington on hard road No. 122. C. & A. R.R. Agriculture. The Star is a weekly publication, issued every Friday. The paper has been owned by Crihfield Brothers for over a period of 3 years. It is printed by them at their plant in Atlanta. The Star is Independent in politics. Circulation, 16 1. Advertising rate: Subscription rate local, 2U-; foreign, 2 5c. local, $1.50; foreign, si. St). SULLIVAN' PROGRESS: Established 1 S57 by James D. Moudy. Ed C. Branden- burger, owner and editor since 1919. Sullivan, population, 2338. Located in Moultrie County, 25 miles southeast of Decatur. C. & E. I.; I. C; Wabash R.R.'s. Flour and feed mills; machine shop; agri- culture. Dairying; live stock raising; shoe manufacturing. The Progress, now in its 75th year of publication, was first known as the Sullivan Express. For some time after its establish- ment it was owned by the Waggoner Brothers, who were militant Democrats and made the paper a strong supporter of Douglas in the senatorial contest of 185 8. After the election in 1860 the paper was sold to Alfred N. Smyser, who with the aid of his brother Hugh, managed the paper until 1862 when it was sold to the Perry man Brothers. The paper was enlarged from a six to a seven-column folio, and under the new firm of Crouch and Perry- man continued until 1869 when it was taken over bv Thomas Fl. Bushfield and William Henry Smyser. It was in this year that :1il name was changed to the Sullivan Progress, appearing in the first issue of the paper under the management of Philip M. Shutt who purchased the paper in December of that year. The firm of Smyser & Mize next made The Progress famous for its spright- liness and typographical neatness. Martin & Shuman were publishers until 1891, when a joint stock company was formed, with Mr. Martin continuing as editor until 1899. The Progress was managed by a succession of four editors until 1912 when a syndicate was headed by Irving Shuman and bought the stock of the corporation. O. B. Lowe was editor for two or three years after this, John W. Gaddis being the last manager under the Shuman regime. In 1917 J. N. and R. W. Martin became owners of the paper and published it until 1919 when it was transferred by purchase to its present owner, Ed C. Bradenburger. Politically the Progress was started as an Independent paper and has at times been Democratic. Today it remains the only Democratic newspaper in Moultrie County. Circulation, 165 0. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $1.J0; foreign, si. 50. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History •SPRING VALLEY GAZETTE: Established 188 5 by F. L. Parkinson. P. M. Mahoney, editor, manager, and part owner. George Kraft, part owner. Spring Valley, population, 5 272. Located in Bureau County, 6 miles west of LaSalle. Steamboat connection. C. R. I. & P.; C. & N. W.; C. I. V.; C. B. & Q. R.R.'s. Overall and garter fac- tories. Coal mines, sand, and gravel pits. Timber. Farming. The Gazette is published every Thursday, and is Independent in political affiliation. Former owners of this paper have included I. H. Marshall, Unholz Brothers, Hoffman & Mahoney, and F. A. Trousdale. Circulation, 1640. Advertising rate: Subscription rate: local, 3 5c; foreign, 3 5c. local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. STRONGHURST GRAPHIC: Established 18 uid Paul G. Bell, owners, editors, and publishers. Stronghurst, population, 734. Located in Henderson County, 31 miles southwest of Galesburg. A. T. & S. F. R.R. Canning fac- tory. Agriculture. The Graphic is a weekly publication, ap- pearing every Thursday. It is Republican in political affiliation. A. H. Kershaw was a former owner of this paper. Circulation, 1200. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, Cham is M. Bell $2.50. by J. F. Mains. Charles M. Paul G. Beit. STONINGTON STAR: Established 1896 by P. T. Danford. present editor and publisher. Stonington, population, 1057. Located in Christian County, 18 miles southwest of Decatur. Wabash R.R. Agriculture. The Star is an Independent weekly with publication on Thurs- day. Owners of this paper at various times include P. T. Danford, John Abrahams, Harry Danford, W. E. Moore, J. Boyd, and Walter Co. The plant of the Star was destroyed by fire in February, 1906, while owned by John Abrahams, who immediately installed new equipment and resumed publication. In January, 1926, the plant was moved from a building a block off Main Street, to its present location. A linotype was also installed in the same year. Circulation, 600. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 20c. Subscription: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. Clarence A. O'Del 406 [llinois Newspaper Dire< idrv and History TROY CALL: Established 1894 by August Droll and Joseph F. Edwards. Benja- min \V. Jarvis, editor and publisher since 1899. Troy, population, 1122. Located in Madison County, 20 miles east of St. Louis, Missouri. Pennsylvania Line and St. Louis, Troy and Eastern R.R.'s. Cram elevator. Agriculture, mining, dairy- ing, and manufacturing. The Call was owned by Droll and Edwards for two years after its founding, Droll after that time gaining the entire control of the paper. The present owner became associated with the Call when it was first founded, .\nd has been editor and owner for the past 54 years. His father, James \. Jarvis, established the first paper in Troy, the Commercial Bulletin, May 18, 1872. The Call is pub- Id m. w. luiws lished every Friday and is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 95 0. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. TUSCOLA JOURNAL: Established 1864 by Silar .\nd Lindsay. John Howk, editor and publisher since 1927. Tuscola, population, 2900. County seat of Douglas County, located 36 miles east of Decatur. EC; C. & E. I.; B. & O. R.R.'s. Industries include ice plant, ironing board factory, woodenware, and canning factories. Farming community. The Journal is a weekly Republican paper. From the time of its establishment until 1876, it was conducted by Silar and Lindsay. Other owners have included: C. N. Walls, C. J. Williams, ( . M. and C. S. Glassco, A. C. Sluss, Fred L. Reat, S. C. Reat. Judge William H. Bassett, Charles Truitt, Res. M. B. McFadden, F. C. Bullington, and M. E. Bigelow. Circulation, 1425. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local $2.00; foreign, s2.U0. a VANDALIA LEADER: Established 1889 by J. M. Albert, Carl Dieckmann, T. \\". Hart, H. H. Bingham, and J. F. Kennedy. K. Byron Mills, owner, editor, and publisher since 1921. Vandalia, population, 4341. Count) seat of Fayette County, located 78 miles northeast of St. Louis, Missouri. 1. O; P. R.R.'s. Roofing products and shoe factories. Agriculture. The Leader is a weekly publication. Democratic in political affiliation. It has grown from an eight-page to a 12-16 page weekly. Circulation, 2400. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, s2.00. 40- Illinois Newspaper Directory and History SUMNER PRESS: Established 1876 by James A. tiger. Mildred E. Wright, editor since January, 1931. Sumner Press Publishing Company, owner. Sumner, population, 964. Located in Lawrence County, 18 miles west of Vincennes, Indiana. B. & O. R.R. Oil and natural gas. Agriculture. The Press was sold by the founder to C. P. and W. E. Mock in 1878. In 1879 they sold to Z. D. French-, and in 1880 the paper was owned by A. C. Clippinger and E. E. Jones. W. R. Carlton controlled the Press for a short time in 1881, followed by T. H. Seed. From 1902-1914 James I. Wagner was the owner, selling to L. M. Wood who was in charge until 1922. In 1923 the paper was purchased by a corporation and is now under a new ownership. The Press is the oldest paper in Lawrence County and is Republican in politics. It is published every Thursday. Mildred E. Wright Circulation, 1100. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $1.5 0. SYCAMORE TRIBUNE: Established 1872 by Valeska Hix. Frank C. Dean, publisher since 192 8. Sycamore, population, 4013. DeKalb County, 5 5 miles west of Chicago. C. & N. W.; C. G. W. R.R.'s. Various articles manu- factured here include electric wire, blow torches, heating systems, laundry machinery, electric screen insectocutors, waxed thread, and commutator dressers. The Tribune, a tri-weekly Republican paper, appears on Mon- day, Wednesday, and Friday. Previous to its purchase by Mr. Dean, the Tribune was owned by Valeska Hix, Valeska Hix and Son, George P. Anderson, Claude Pike, Frank E. Steven and Alvin Resch, and Frank E. Stevens & Co. Circulation, 1992. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 30c. Frank C. Dean Subscription rate: local, $3.00; foreign, $3.00. TALLULA STANDARD: Established 1929 by William W. Scott. Everett C. Oakley, editor and publisher. Tallula, population, 720. Located in Menard County, 23 miles northwest of Springfield. C. & A. R.R. Sto;k raising. Agriculture. Two coal mines. The Standard was moved to Tallula from Nebo, Illinois, in 1929. This paper is published every Thursday and is Independent in political affiliation. William W. Scott and Mary Leeds Scott pub- lished the paper until 193 1 when it was purchased by the present owner. Circulation, 700. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. Everett Oakley 40S Illinois Newspaper Directory and Histoki MANITO COMMUNITY EXPRESS: Established 1889 by A. R. Hav I). Ferguson, present editor and publisher. Mrs. Cora S. Ferguson, owner. Manito, population, 710. Located in Mason County, southwest of Peoria. C. & I. M. R.R. Peat deposits. Peat basis prepared and shipped. Agriculture. The Community Express was first known as the M.ini at the time of its establishment by A. R. Haven. In 1892 it was sold to Bud Richie who installed printing equipment, the paper having been printed by contract in another city prior to this time. Mr. Richie also changed the name to the Manito Express, by which name it was known until 1926, when the name was again changed by the present owners to the Manito p KED [, | M-( , ilN Community Express. Other owners of the Ex- press at various times have included A. A. Nichols, Fred Robbins, Frank Carroll, S. A. Diel, and C. O. Shoop. The Express is a weekly publication and is strictly Independent politically. Circulation, 800. Advertising rate: local, 15c, 2uc, 2Sc; foreign, 28c, 35c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, Canada, $3.00. en. Ered 22 miles fertilizer to Mirror j s Ferguson MASCOUTAH HERA11): Established 1 SS5 by Carl Montag. H. K. Browne, editor and general manager. Mascoutah Publishing Company, owner. Mascoutah, population, 2311. Located in Saint Clair County, 11 miles southeast of Belleville. L. & N. R.R. Flour and feed mills; steel furniture, dress, raincoat and straw hat factories. Coal mines. Agriculture. Corn mill. The Herald is a weekly publication, and is issued ever) Wed- nesday. It is Republican in politics. A modern job department is maintained in connection with the Herald. Circulation, 15 00. Advertising rate: local, 2^c\ foreign, 30c; classified ads, 10c li per line- Subscription rate: local, SI. SO; foreign, $1.50. 'MOKENA NEWS-BULLETIN: Established 1919 by \\ ilium Semmler who has been editor and publisher since that date. Mokena, population, 5 62. Located in Will County, 10 miles east of Joliet. C. R. I. & P. R.R. Agriculture. The News-Bulletin is a weekly paper with publication on Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. The Tinlej Park Times, formerly a part of the News-Bulletin, and the Orlando Park Herald, are also published at the plant in Mokena. Circulation, 1200. Advertising rate: local, 2Sc; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, SI. SO; foreign, SI. 50. •Stc T.nlev Pirk T.mrs: Orhnju I'irl, HcnlJ. 409 WlLl 1 AM Si S1\U 1 K Illinois Newspaper Directory and History MARION EVENING POST: Established 1900 by O. R. Nation. S. K. Casey, part owner and editor. Marion, population, 9311. County seat of Williamson County, located 5 5 miles south of Centralia. M. & E.; C. & E. I.; I. C.j M. P. R.R.'s. Powder, bottling, and ^^^^^^^^^^^ marble works; cold storage and creosoting plants; creameries. Coal ^^^^B mines. Ships poultry. Fruit, poultry, and general farming. The Marion Evening Post succeeds the Tri-City Post, a daily jib .^ ^H paper established in 1900 for the purpose of serving Marion, Carter- I v U ville, and Herrin. S. K. Casey and R. P. Hill purchased this paper ^E—a ^H shortly after its founding and in April, 1901, changed its name ^H to the Marion Evening Post. Mr. Casey has owned a half interest ■ ^^f ^H in the Post since its establishment, his various partners during that ^^L A ^HP period of time having included former Congressman R. P. Hill, Eugene Bones, Walter W. Williams, former State Representative, and James H. Felts, former State Senator. The Post is published S. K. Casey under the name of the Egyptian Press Printing Company. The Post is issued daily with the exception of Sunday, and is Democratic in politics. It also prints a tri-weekly paper which appears every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Circulation, 2900. Advertising rate: local, 25c, 10c; foreign, 35c. Subscription rate: local (by carrier), $6.00; foreign (by mail), $4.00. MOLINE DAILY DISPATCH: Established 1878 by Oliver and Louise White. P. S. McGlynn, publisher. L. R. Blackman, editor. Moline Dispatch Publishing Com- ^^^_____^^_ pany, owner. Moline, population, 32,330. Situated in Rock Island County on the Mississippi River, 178 miles west of Chicago. Steamboat connections. C. B.&Q.; C.M.St. P.& Pac; C. R. I.&P. R.R.'s. Manu- facturing center with good water-power. Railroad shops; large steel plow and corn planter factories; malleable iron foundries; steel works. Manufactures elevators, wagons, scales, boilers, furniture, "I,** di' tractors, automobiles, iron working machinery, ^^tk K MSm milling machines, grain harvester, manure spreaders, small arms, and other military equip- P. S. McGlynn has been associated with the Dispatch since the early 80's when he and J. K. Groom tried to rescue the Dispatch from what seemed sudden death, after it had been for seven years under seven different owner- ships. Mr. Groom retired from the paper in 1901, and was succeeded by W. F. Eastman. Mr. Eastman died in 1909, and his interest was bought by John Sundine in 1911. After Mr. Sundine's death in 1922, the present Moline Dispatch Publishing Company was formed, the present owners being P. S. McGlynn, L. R. Blackman, August L - R - Blackman Sundine, and Harry A. Sward. Circulation, 14,677. Advertising rate: local, 56c-84c; foreign, .065 and .05 5. Subscription rate: local, 15c per week; foreign, $4.00-$ 12.00, per year by mail. 410 Il IISiils \l\\sl'\l'lK DlRI l IOR1 AND HlSTOR'V MOLINE, GAZETTE van MOLINE: Established 1907 by the Gazet Company. J. L. Van Lancker, business manager, editor, and part owner The Gazette van Moline at the time of its founding, was the only Belgian newspaper in the Flemish language to be published in America. The owners of this paper have as their aim the naturali- zation of their people through the policy of the paper. More than 90 per cent of Belgian-born people living in the several Belgian settlements in this state, as well as over the country, are propertv owners. C. L. Coryn, Mrs. Ed Coryn, J. L. Van Lancker. anl Anna Van Lancker, are the present owners of this paper. Thj Gazette van Moline, is a weekly publication, appearing every Thurs- day and is Independent in politics. Circulation, 4 1 00. Advertising rare: local, 3 5c; foreign, 50c. Subscription rate: local, $2.50; foreign, S3. 50. te Publishing I I \ MASON CITY BANNER-TIMES: Established 1867 by Haughey and Warnock. William Warren Milby, editor and owner since 1902. Victor Rickard and M. R. Johnson, part owners. Mason City, population, 1928. Located in Mason Countv. about 30 miles north of Springfield. C. & A.; I. C. R.R.'s. Brick works. Seed corn plants. Coal mines; brick-clay deposits. Agri- culture. The Banner-Times was consolidated in 1918. by Mr. Milby, who purchased the Banner from R. B. Ruth in 1902 combining his paper with the Times, owned by B. C. Rickard. The two formed a partnership which ended only with Mr. Rickard's death in 1929. His two children since that time have controlled half the interest of the paper. Former owners of the combined papers have included Haughey & Hathaway, J. M. Haughey, S. B. Roach, R. B. Ruth. G. D. Sutton, and Ed Wilson. The Banner-Times is published every Thursday and is Republican in political affiliation. 925. local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c. local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. 1AM \V Mil in Circulation, Advertising rate: Subscription rate MILLSTADT ENTERPRISE: Established 1897 by 1 . \\ . Cross. Arthur |. Moll- man, editor and publisher. Millstadt, population, 1014. Located in Saint Clair County, 7 miles southwest of Belleville. M. & O. R.R. Flour and saw mills, garment and fence factories; creamery. Coal mines; stone quarries. Agriculture, fruit. The Enterprise was founded and owned by E. W. Cross until 1906, at which time it was purchased by the present owner who has been connected with it since that date. The Enterprise is pub- lished every Friday and is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 800. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. Arthur J. Mollman 411 Illinois Newspaper Directory \nd History MATTOON JOURNAL-GAZETTE AND COMMERCIAL-STAR: Consolidated 1919. Harry F. Kendall, editor and publisher. Mattoon, population, 15,620. Located in Coles County at the intersection of the Peoria-Evansville and Chicago, New Orleans lines of the Illinois Central and Indianapolis-St. Louis line of the Big Four, and at the intersection of State Routes 16 and 2 5. Big Four and I. C. railroad shops. Shoe, engine, furniture, and water works supplies factories. Agriculture and broom-corn. The Journal-Gazette and the Commercial-Star represent the consolidation of several Mattoon papers. The Gazette was estab- lished in 1857, the Journal in 1865, and the Daily Journal in 1874. The Journal and Gazette were consolidated in 1905. The Journal- Gazette and the Commercial-Star were merged in 1919 by Harry F. Kendall, who had been owner of the Gazette since 1895. This paper .. „ is published every evening, with the exception of Sunday, and is iy F. Kendall r / ..... ... . ' Independent Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 565 8. Advertising rate: local, 5 0c; foreign, 5 6c; composition, 6c. Subscription rate: local, $4.00; foreign, $4.50 and $5.50. METROPOLIS GAZETTE: Established 1898 by the Rev. J. B. McCrary, who has been editor and publisher since that date. Metropolis, population, 5 5 70. Located in Massac County on the Ohio River, 12 miles below Paducah, Kentucky, on Route 1 to Chicago. C. B. & Q.; I. C; P. & I. R.R.'s. Steamboat connections. Vehicle wood stock, lumber, stove, railroad tie, wooden box and dish, and glove and rayon garment manufac- tories. Agriculture. The Gazette is published every Friday and is Republican in politics. A secular paper of general circulation, it is also the official organ of the Missionary Baptist Alliance of Chicago; the Illinois General Missionary Baptist State Association; the Mt. Olive and East Mt. Olive Baptist Associations of Southern Illinois; and the Prince Hall Masonic Grand Lodge and Eureka Grand Chapter O. E. S. of Illinois. Circulation, 1000. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 3 5c and 40c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. Rev. J. B. McC.ra :: MURRAYVILLE TRIBUNE: Established 1902 by L. L. Bradley. Owned by P. R. Nelson Estate. Guy Faul, editor. Murrayville, population, 502. Located in Morgan County, 10 miles south of Jacksonville. C. & A. R. R. Agriculture. Live stock. The Tribune is a weekly publication and is Democratic in politics. It is published from the office of the Winchester Times. Circulation, 3 5 0. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. 412 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History MILAN INDEPENDENT: I published 1901 by McLaughlin and Guldengopf. O. D. Kendall, editor and publisher since 1926. Milan, population, 888. Situated in Rock Island Countv. 4 miles south of Rock Island. R. I. S.; C. R. I. & P. R.R.'s. Mills; player piano factory; cold storage and packing plant. Ships stock, grain, and dairy products. Agriculture. The Independent was owned from 1901- 1919 by McLaughlin & Guldengopf; from 1919-1922 by Bruce Looby; and by Poison & Ford from 1922-1926, at which time it was purchased by the present owner. It is a weekly paper, and as the name implies is Independent in politics. In 1927 the Independent set a new high advertising linage mark for the 7000 weekly newspapers pub- lished in towns of 1000 population or less, and in the 1928 adver- tising linage survey the Independent was placed among the 2 5 leading weekly newspapers in America. The Independent was also among those presented with a certificate of award for general edito- rial excellence and community service in 1928. Circulation, 2900. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 42c. Subscription rate: local. Si. 50; foreign, $2.50. MINONK NEWS-DISPATCH: Established 1874 by Irving Carrier. C editor and owner since 1904. Minonk, population, 1910. Located in Woodford County, 41 miles northeast of Peoria. I. C; A. T. & S. F. R.R.'s. Woodford County Tuberculosis Sanitorium. Coal mining. Poultry and pro- duce shipping; agriculture. The News and Dispatch were consolidated by C. R. Denson in 1913. He had previously purchased the Minonk Register in 1904, changing the name to Dispatch, and in 1913 purchased the News, consolidating the two on that date. Previous owners of the Blade- Register-Dispatch included James M. Fort, Arthur C. Fort, Clarence B. Hurtt, Daniel Davis, Frank Montgomery, and Al von Nordheim; owners of the News have been, B. K. Bruce, A. R. Warren, A. K. Tate, R. O. Shreve, and George Werkheiser. The News-Dispatch is published every Thursday and is Independent Republican in politics Circulation, 2071. Advertising rate: local, 3 5c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. R. Denson. : OGDEN COURIER: Established 1893 by J. R. W'atkms. Charles \\ Dale. owner and editor. Ogden, population, 448. Situated in Champaign County, 17 miles west of Dan- ville. C. C. C. & St. L. R.R. Shipping center for grain. Agriculture. The Courier is published weekly and is Republican in its political affiliation. At various times in its history the Courier has been under the management of Frank Redmon, Frank Osborne, A. O. McDowell, and Roy Gilford. Circulation, 670. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign. $1.50. •S« St. Joseph Record; Fithian Hcrild. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History MONMOUTH REVIEW ATLAS: Established 1924 by Hugh R. Moffett, who has been editor and publisher since that date. Monmouth, population, 87S2. County seat of Warren County, located 179 miles west of Chicago. C. B. & Q.; M. & St. L.; R. I. S. R.R.'s. Stoneware, farm machinery, and cigar factories. Coal mines, brick clay deposits. Seat of Monmouth College. Agriculture. The Review Atlas is a consolidation of the old Review, estab- lished in 185 5, and the Atlas, founded 1846. The Review was founded by Alexander Hamilton Swain as a Democratic paper. Hugh R. Moffet became associated with Mr. Swain in 1883, succeed- ing him as editor in 1886. The Atlas, established by C. K. Smith & Company, was Republican in politics. In 18 57 it was purchased by John S. Clark, who with his son, Sam S. Clark, were its pub- lishers until the early eighties. Since that time it has had various owners and editors until the consolidation. The Review Atlas is published daily with the exception of Sunday, and is Independent in politics. This paper circulates in Warren, Henderson, and Mercer counties, and is the only daily newspaper published exclusively for this field. Advertising rate: local, H)c; foreign, 49c. Subscription rate: local, S6.00; foreign, $4.00, $6.00. Circulation, 5 200. Hugh R. Moffett MORRISON, WHITESIDE SENTINEL: Established 187S by A lishers, Bent Brothers, Charles Bent, Jr., editor and part owner. H. manager and part owner. Morrison, population, 3 067. Located in Whiteside County, 124 miles west of Chicago. C. & N. W. R.R. Stove, cement, tile, refrigera- tor, school desk and seat and condensed milk factories. Diversified farming. The Whiteside Sentinel is a tri-weekly pub- lication and is issued on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. It is Republican in political affilia- tion. M. Savage, Robert Welch, Charles Bent, and Charles Bent & Son, are among the former owners of this paper. Circulation, 1890. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 40c. Subscription rate: local, $2.50; foreign, $2.50; carrier, $3.00. McFadden. Pub- A. Bent, business Charles Bent, Jr. Harry A. Bent \V[ si I-. 1 . t Iakiiisi 1 MOUNT AUBURN TRIBUNE: Established 1901 by P. T Danford & Son. Wesley L. Hardisty, editor and publisher since 1914. Mount Auburn, population, 493. Christian County, 20 miles east of Springfield. B. & O. R.R. Agriculture. Highest elevation in Central Illinois. Founded 1839. The Tribune includes among its former owners, P. T. Danford & Son, P. T. Danford, Danford Bros., T. A. Danford, C. O. Gates, and F. D. Slate. The Tribune is a weekly paper, Independent in politics. Circulation, 1200. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 18c. Subscription rate: local, $1.5 0; foreign, $1.5 0. 414 Ii i inois Newspaper Dikm ioky and Histor> MOUNT CARROL1 CARROLL COUNTY MIRROR-DEMOCRAT: Established 1919. Mirror-Dcmocr.it Co., Inc.. owner. C.il M. Feezer and K. B. Schmidt, editors ind general managers. Mount Carroll, population, 1S06. Located in Carroll County. 2 3 miles southwest of Freeport. C. M. St. P. & Pac. R.R. Home of Frances Shinier Academy. Agriculture. The Mirror-Democrat is a consolidation of the Tri-W eekl\ Mirror and the Daily Democrat. The Mirroi was established in the 18 5 O's by Holliger and Midle, and at the time of consolidation was owned by the late F. H. Hurless. The Demo- crat, established in 1890 by Cal M. Feezer was published as a daily from 1891 until the con- solidation, and lays claim to being one of the first dailies to be published in a town of less than 2000 inhabitants. The Mirror-Democrat, Republican in politics, appeared daily, with the exception of Sunday, until December, 193 3, when the daily edi- tion was suspended. The Carroll County Mirror-Democrat, a semi- weekly, is now published in place of the daily edition. Advertising rate: 3 0c. Subscription rate: $2. SO. Circulation, 1008. < u M. I i i/i i K. Ii S< UMin i MOUNT STERLING DEMOCRAT-MESSAGE: Established 1848 by John Bigler. W. B. and Richard Davis, present owners. Mt. Sterling, population, 1729. Located in Brown County, ; '> miles east of Quincy. Wabash R.R. Coal mining and agriculture. The Pioneer Press was the first paper to be established in Mt. Sterling, and is a forerunner of the Democrat-Message. Tin-. | first came into the Davis family in 1874 when it was purchased by H. K. Davis, father of the present publishers, an J has been in the family since that date. The Democrat-Message is a semi-weekly paper appearing on Wednesday and Saturday. Circulation, 3 000. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign. 30c. Subscription rate: local. s2.00; foreign. - NEOGA NEWS: Established 1874. (Founder unknown.) Carl H. Snyder, owner, editor, and publisher since 1931. Neoga, population, 1092. Located in Cumberland County. 12 miles southwest of Mattoon. I. C; N. Y. C. & St. L. R.R.'s. Ships hay, grain, and live stock. Agriculture, fruit. The News is a weekly publication, appearing every Thursday It is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 800. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; fo eign, 3 0c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. Carl H. Snydi 415 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History MOUNT VERNON REGISTER-NEWS: Established 1871 by Tromley Brothers. J. Edwin Rackaway, editor. Mt. Vernon Register-News Co., owner. Mount Vernon, population, 12,543. Situated in Jefferson County, 20 miles southeast of Centralia. L. & N.; Soo; Wabash; C. & E. I.; M. P. R.R.'s. Tomato products; flour mills; candy, shoe, hosiery, underwear, stove, car-shoe factories. Creamery; creo- soting plant. Agriculture, fruit raising. The Register-News is a consolidation of the Register, which was established in 1884, and the News, established 1871. Previous to the time of consolidation the two papers were owned by the Mt. Vernon Register Company and the Mt. Vernon News Com- panv, respectively. Circulation, 6607. Advertising rate: local, 5 0c; foreign, 5 6c. f. 1 i.win Rackawai Subscription rate: local, $3.00; foreign, $5.00. MURPHYSBORO INDEPENDENT: Established 1873 by John Grear. James E. Rockwell, owner and editor. Murphvsboro, population, 8262. Situated in Jackson County, 57 miles north of Cairo. I. C; M. P.; M. & O.; Murphvsboro Southern Illinois R.R.'s. Flour mills; paving-brick works; silica and steel plant; potteries; cigar factory; machine and railroad shops; hatcheries. Coal, silica, shale, and clay. Agriculture, dairying, and fruit raising. The Independent is published daily, with the exception of Sunday, and is Independent in politics. Former owners of this paper include Joseph B. Gill, Fred M. Rolens, and Orville B. Littick. Circulation, 4100. Advertising rate: local, 40c; foreign, 42c. Subscription rate: local, $7.80; foreign, $5.00; county mail, S3.00. James E. Rockwtll NAPERVILLE CLARION: Established 1863 by Robert Naper and P. K. Potter. Rollo N. Givler, editor and publisher since 1905. Naperville, population, 5 112. DuPage County, 29 miles west of Chicago. C. B. & Q. R.R. Furniture and shipping bag factories. Orchid greenhouses; nurseries; machine shops; mushroom industry. Home of North Central College and Evangelical Theological Semi- nary. Agriculture. The Clarion had its early inception in the DuPage County Press, which from 1S63 until 1868 was owned by Robert Naper and P. K. Potter. It was sold in that year to D. B. Givler who changed the name to the Clarion, publishing it until 1905, when it was sold to his son, R. N. Givler, the present owner. Circulation, 13 50. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 40c. Rollo N. Givlfk Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. 416 Illinois Newspaper Dirk iory and History WINSLOW REGISTER: Established 1896. Frank A. Deam, owner and editor. Winslow, population, 3 59. Located in Stephenson County. 18 miles northwest of I reeport. I. C. R.R. Cheese and cement silo factories. Farming and dairying. The Register is issued each Thursday and is Independent po- litically, hornier owners were: J. N. Fuller & Son, C. J. Payne, K. B. King, Clarence Audette. Circulation, 400. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. WOODHULL DISPATCH: Established 1879. Swanson, owner and editor. George E. Woodhull, population, 5 67. Located in Henry County, 18 miles north of Galesburg. C. B. & Q. R.R.: Agriculture. The Dispatch is published on Thursdays, and is Independent politically. Former owners: M. A. Chesley, Burgess & White, and Burgess & Olson. Advertising rate: Subscription rate local, 20c; foreign, 30c. local, $1.50; foreign, $2.50. Gi orgi E. Swans WYANET RECORD: Established 1924 by William E. Grose, owner. H. J. Thompson, publisher since January, 1933. Wyanet, population, 869. Located in Bureau County, 5 5 miles north of Peoria. C. B. & Q.; C. R. I. & P. R.R.'s. Moulding sand pits. Agriculture. The Wyanet Record is a weekly publication, issued every Thursday. It is Inde- pendent in political affiliation. Circulation, 568. Advertising rate: local, 3 5c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. ABINGDON KODAK: Established 1897. Fred W. Shoop, editor and publisher. Abingdon, population, 2762. Located in Knox County, 9 miles south of Galesburg. C. B. & Q.; M. & St. L. R.R.'s. Rrick, tile, clay and sanitary ware manufactories. Illi- nois Mi'itary College. Agriculture, cattle, hogs. The Abingdon Kodak is a semi-weekly publication, issued every Tuesday and Friday. It i, Independent-Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 1140. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. 417 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History NOKOMIS FREE PRESS-PROGRESS: Established 186 8 by Draper and Hender- son. A. E. Vandever and D. B. Pauschert, present owners and editors. (Community Printers, Inc.) Nokomis, population, 2 5 00. Situated in Montgomery County, 42 miles southwest of Decatur, and 75 miles north of St. Louis, Mis- souri. C. C. C. & St. L.; E. I. R.R.'s. Trading center. Elevators. Creamery. Coal mines. Agriculture. ^^ The Free Press-Progress is a consolidation ifl I (.1 the Free Press Gazette, owned In Wild & '/V^M Webster and the Progress, owned by A. K. (*^H Vandever & Sons. The consolidation was • ^B^" effected in 1918. In 1927 the Free Press-Prog- A. E. Vandever ress management instituted departments for offices at Witt and Ohlman. These three com- munities total a population of 9000, thus giving the Free Press-Progress a large field from which to draw. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. Circulation, 2 125. D. B. Pauschert OLNEY DAILY MAIL: Established 1898 by Lozier D. Yount, who has been editor since that date. Daily Mail Publishing Company, owner. Olney, population, 6140. Located in Richland County, 117 miles east of St. Louis. B. & O.; I. C. R.R.'s. Machine shop; garment, shoe, and mop factories; flour mills; packing plant. Ships farm prod- ucts and live stock. Fruit farming. The Daily Mail was the first daily to be established and pub- lished without interruption in southeast Illinois. It is published every afternoon, with the exception of Sunday. The Daily Mail is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 3020. Advertising rate: local, 2c per line; foreign, 2c per line. Subscription rate: local, $5.2 0; foreign, $4.00. 1 O/ll-R I). YOU NT PAWNEE HERALD: Established 1901 by J. N. Roach. H. H. Mason, editor and publisher since 1903. Pawnee, population, 1200. Located in Sangamon County, 17 miles south southeast of Springfield. C. & I. M. R.R. Elevators. Ships grain, hay, and live stock. Agriculture. The Herald is a weekly paper, published every Thursday, and is Independent in politics. Besides the founder and present owner, the Herald has had but one other owner, M. L. Gordon. Circulation, 72 0. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 26c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. H. H. Mason 418 Illinois Newspaper Dnwcmm and History NAUVOO IXDFPFXDFNT-RUSTLER: Michael Baumert Consolidated owners and editors. 1924. George Deeg and X.uivoo, population, 965. Situated in Hancock County on the Mississippi River, 32 miles below Burlington, Iowa. Site of early Mormon settlements. Nearest railroad station Niota; C. B. & Q.; A. T. & S. F. R.R.'s. St. Mary's Academy; St. Edmund's Hall. Agri- culture and horticulture. Extensive grape growing. The Independent-Rustler is a consolida- tion of the old Independent, established 1873 and the Rustler, which had its beginning in 1895. Michael Baumert formerly owned the Independent, and Argast and Valther were owners of the Rustler. Rustler is a weekly, Independent publication. Circulation, 1500. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 35c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. 1.1 ORGI l)l I <, Michael B \i sii k i The Independent- Hi Mil N li S\ NEWMAN INDEPENDENT: Established 186 5 by C. V. Walls. Hughes Blake Smith, editor and publisher since 1928. Newman, population, 10 54. Douglas County, 5 2 miles east of Decatur. B. & O. R.R. Concrete block and marble works; can- ning factory; grain elevators; agriculture. Various owners of the Independent have included C. V. Walls. A. B. and M. S. Smith, and Moses S. Smith. Mr. Smith owned the Independent for over a period of 40 years. It is a weekly paper, with Republican affiliations. Circulation, 1265. Advertising rate: local, 2 0c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. OLNEY ADVOCATE: Established 1883 by Wharf and Allison Joseph editoi and publisher since April, 1910. Olney, population, 6140. County seat of Richland County, located 117 miles east of St. Louis. B. & O.; I. C. R.R.'s. Machine shop, garment, shoe, and mop factories. Flour mills. Packing plant. Ships farm produce ,\n.\ live stock. Fruit tanning. The Advocate lists among its former owners J. A. Mathews, R. T. Fry, E. C. Kingsbury, and H. T. Dewhirst. It is a weekly publication, appearing on Thursday and is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 1600. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $1.50. Joseph I. Stoll 419 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History OREGON, OGLE COUNTY REPUBLICAN: Established 1887 by B. B. Bemis. A. Landers, owner, editor, and publisher since 1895. Oregon, population, 2376. Located in Ogle County, on Rock River, 101 miles west of Chicago. C. B. & Q. R.R. Water-power. Manufactures condensed milk, flour, pianos, piano plates, traveling bags, commercial cases, china and pottery, automobiles, street sprin- kling wagons, steel punches, iron castings. Silica plant. Agriculture. The Ogle County Republican is a weekly publication, issued every Thursday. The Republican had various owners from the time of its establishment until it was taken over by the present owner, under whose management it has been continuously since that time. As the name implies, this paper is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 2300. Advertising rate: local, 3 0c; foreign, 40c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. ORION TIMES: Established 1877 by Bolles and Ludi. F. S. Fullerton, owner and publisher since 1907. Orion, population, 620. Located in Henry County, 18 miles southeast of Rock Island. C. B. & Q.; C. R. I. & P. R.R.'s. Coal mines; agriculture. The Times is a weekly paper, Independent in politics. W. A. Bolles was a former owner of the paper. Circulation, 1140. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.50. F. S. Fullerton PARIS BEACON-NEWS: Established 1848 by Jacob Harding. E. M. Jenison, owner and publisher since 1926. E. H. Jenison, editor. Paris, population, 8781. County seat of Edgar County, located 36 miles south of Dan- ville. C. C. C. & St. L.; P. R.R.'s. Foundries; planing, saw, and flour mills. Broom, adver- tising specialty, cigar, cotton glove and mitten, shoe, car, and coach factories. Creamery. Bottling works. Agriculture. The Beacon-News was consolidated in 1927 by E. M. Jenison, thus combining the Paris Daily Beacon, which he had previously purchased in 1926, and the Daily News. C. P. Hitch and Feare & Leath were former owners of the paper. The Beacon-News is published E ^ i, N] , ON every afternoon, with the exception of Sun- day. It is Independent Republican in its political affiliation. Advertising rate: local, 40c; foreign, 5 6c. Subscription rate: carrier, $6.00; foreign, by mail in Illinois and Indiana $4.00, by mail outside Illinois and Indiana $5.00. Circulation, 5700. E. M. Jenison 420 Illinois Newspaper 1)iki< iobi and Historv YORKVILLE, KENDALL COUNTY RECORD: Established 1864 by John R. Marshall. J. R. Marshall and F. R. Marshall, editors. Mrs. Pearl Marshall, owner. Yorkville, population, 441. County seat of Kendall County. located on the Fox River, 12 miles southwest of Aurora. C. B. & Q. R.R. Trading center. Agriculture. The Kendall County Record was estab- lished and published for a period of fifty years by John Redman Marshall. In 1914 he retired from active work on the paper, and his son, Hugh R. Marshall took over his father's duties. From that date until his death in 1929, Mr. _ „ ., Marshall was in sole charge of the Record, F. R. Marshall . . i • • i 11- u J carrying on the ideals and principles established by his lather during the days of the Civil War. John R. and Robert F. Marshall became the third generation to carry on the Kendall County Record, when in 1929 they took charge of the paper. This is a weekly publication, appearing every Wednesday. It is Republican in politica affiliation. Circulation, 1875. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. J. R. M.i ASHLEY, WASHINGTON COUNTY GAZETTE: Established 1876. Editor, F. E. O'Bryant; business manager, W. C. O'Bryant. Ashley, population, 722. Located in Washington County, 14 miles south of Cen- tralia. I. C; L. & N. R.R.'s. Milk condensary; roller and cider mills. Coal and lime- stone deposits. Agricultural district, especially fruit, poultry, and dairy products. The Gazette is a weekly paper, which is published every Thursday. It is Republican in political affiliation. An edition for Nashville is also printed at the Gazette office under the name of the Republican. The Gazette was established by A. W. O'Bryant, father of the present managers. It is owned now by the O'Bryant family. Circulation, 850. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.5 0. ATW OOD HERALD: Established 1886 by Edward Clayton. Harry C. Gilpin, editor and owner. Clark E. Gilpin, advertising manager. Atwood, population, 8 8 3. Located in Piatt County, 2 5 miles east of Decatur. B. & O. R.R. Agriculture. The Herald is issued every Friday and is Republican in politics. Former owners of this paper at various times have included S. T. Walker, W. E. Means, and R. R. Lane. Editor Harry C. Gilpin was owner and publisher of the Ashkum Journal for nine years before coming to Atwood. His son, Clark E. Gilpin, is the advertising manager. Circulation, Slid. Advertising rale: local, 2^; foreign, 35c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. 421 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History PLANO, KENDALL COUNTY NEWS: Established 1869 by Mr. and Mrs. Dick Springer. George S. Faxon and Orson E. Faxon, owners and editors since 1896. Piano, population, 1781. Located in Ken- dall County, 5 2 miles southwest of Chicago mail line. C. B. & Q. R.R. Plumbing fixtures, battery, and novelty factories; foundry. Agri- culture; dairying. The Kendall County News is published every Wednesday and is Progressive-Republi- can in politics. F. E. Marley and Judd Marley are numbered among the previous owners of the Kendall County News. Circulation, 1600. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 3Jc. Gforgi S. Faxon Subscription rate: local, S2.00. Orson E. Faxon •PLYMOUTH, TRI-COUNTY SCRIBE: Established 1895 by Harriette E. White, editor. Rollo R. Robbins, owner. Plymouth, population, 745. Located in Hancock County, 40 miles northeast of Quincy. C. B. & Q. R.R. Oil wells. Agriculture The Plymouth Locomotive was the first newspaper published in Plymouth, anJ one of the first in Hancock County. It was edited by Thomas Gregg. The Plymouth Enterprise was another paper which was published until the advent of the Tri-County Scribe. Since the founding of this paper it has been owned at various times by Jesse Bell, Mrs. Clyde Bertholph, Mrs. Victoria Hiene, S. E. Huff, Elmer Leach, and S. S. Groves. The Scribe is published every Tues- day and is Independent in politics. Circulation, 800. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 18c. Subscription rate: local. Si. 5 0; foreign, SI. 5 0. S. H. Aldridge. \1 MORG \ N RANTOUL PRESS AND CHANUTE FIELD NEWS: Estab- lished 1876. Arthur M. Morgan, owner and editor. Rantoul, population, 15 55. Champaign County, 14 miles north of Champaign. I. C. R.R. Machine shops; casket accessories; manu- facture of automobile parts. Government airport of 900 men. Agriculture. The Press is an Independent, weekly publication. At various times it has been owned by the following: C. A. Lawrence, A. O. McDowell, Frank Riker, and F. E. Pinkerton. Circulation, 13 50. Advertising rate, local, 3 0c; foreign, 3 0c. Subscription rate: local, S1.5 0; foreign, S2.00. •See Augusta Eagle; Induiti Illinois Newspaper Directory and History PITTSFIELD, PIKE COUNTY REPUBLICAN: Established 1842 by Michael Noyes. Dot Dorsey Swan, editor and publisher since 1927. Pittsfield, population, 2 3 54. County seat of Pike County, located about 40 miles southeast of Quincy. Wabash R.R. Shoe factory; novelty and wood turning plant; flour mill. Trading center. Agriculture. The Pike County Republican was first founded as the Sucker, and is thought to be the first paper to suggest Abraham Lincoln for the presidency. This was succeeded by the Free Press, edited by Garbutt & Abbott, later edited by John Nicolay, who at one time was secretary to President Lincoln, and afterwards consul to Paris. The Free Press was followed by the Journal, and in 1863 the name was again changed, this time to the Old Flag. The paper became the Pike County Republican in 1894. In 1901 Burr Swan became the owner, in which capacity he remained until his death in 1927. His widow has published the paper since that date. The Republican is issued every Wednesday and is the only paper ot Republican affiliation to be published in Pike County. Circulation, 3000. Advertising rate: local, 3 0c; foreign, 40c. Subscription rate: local, >2.00; foreign, '>2.U0. PITTSFIELD, PIKE COUNTY TIMES: Established 188 5 by C. I. Swan C. W. Caughlan & Sons, publishers. C. W. Caughlan and A. C. Bentley purchased the Pike County Banner from C. I. Swan in 1895, and first published it under the name of the Pike County Times, April 10, 1895. The Banner was the successor of the Milton Beacon, established in 1870 by Marion Grimes, and the Democratic Herald, established 1SS5 by Harry Hannj. On the death of A. C. Bentley in 1906, Mr. Caughlan became the sole owner. Mr. Caughlan died in 1933. The Pike Count) Times is issued every Wednesday, and is Democratic in politics. Circulation, 2 5 00. Advertising rate: local, }0c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, S2.00. PLAIN VILLE NEWS: Established 1915 by A. J. Crim, who has been owner and publisher since that date. Plainville, population, 24 5. Located in Adams County, 18 miles southeast of Quincy. Railroad station, Hull. C. B. & Q.; Wabash R.R.'s. Agriculture. Fruit raising. The Plainville News is a weekly publication, issued every Wednesday. It is Independent in its political affiliation. A job printing department is maintained in connection with publication of the News. Circulation, 500. Advertising rate: local, 10c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00. A. J. Cr Illinois Newspaper Directory and History : POLO, TRI-COUNTY PRESS: Established 1867 by Charles Meigs, Jr. G editor and publisher. Polo, population, 1871. Located in Ogle County, 22 miles south of Freeport. I. C; C. B. & Q. R.R.'s. Chicken hatchery; nursery; poultry packing plant; creameries; men's clothing factory. "The Pines" State Park. Ships grain and live stock. Agriculture, dairy, and live stock farms. The Tri-County Press was owned by John Waterbury Clinton from 1865-1901; by A. T. Cowan from' 1901-191 3; and by C. H. Hemingway from 1913-1926. From 1926 until 1930, G. C. Terry and J. J. Wagner were the owners, Mr. Terry becoming the sole owner in 193 0. The paper is Independent Republican in politics, and is published every Thursday. In 1926 this paper won third prize in Illinois, and placed second in the National Contest in 1927, again placing second, this time in Illinois, in 1928. In 1931 the Press ranked first. Circulation, 1850. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.50; foreign, $2.50. C. Terry, PRINCETON, BUREAU COUNTY TRIBUNE: Established 1872 by W. H. Mesenkop. Harlow B. Brown, present owner and editor. Princeton, population, 45 82. County seat of Bureau County. C. B. & Q. R.R.; Chicago, Ottawa & Peoria Electric R.R. Agri- cultural center; flour and feed mills. The Bureau County Tribune is a weekly paper which is printed on Thursday with a Friday date line. It is Democratic in politics, and was formerly owned by the late E. K. Mercer. Circulation, 5 3 00. Advertising rate: local, 30c and 3 5c; foreign, 40c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. RANKIN INDEPENDENT: Established 1887 by Robert Sloan. Charles R. Hi editor and publisher since 1912. Rankin, population, 839. Located in Vermilion County, 3 5 miles northwest of Danville. N. Y. C. & St. L. R.R. Railroad shops; round house. Agriculture. The Independent is published weekly, appearing every Thurs- day. As the name indicates, this paper is Independent in political affiliation. Since taking over the Independent Mr. Hill has en- larged the paper from a 6-column to a 7-column paper and has installed all modern equipment. Circulation, 975. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. Charlb R. Hill 424 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History \ W'DALIA UNION: Established 1864 by H. S. Humphrey. Owned by Ira D. Lakin, Jesse L. Lakin, and Norman F. Jones. Y.mdalia, population, 4342. County seat of Fayette County, located 5 8 miles north- east of Saint Louis, Missouri. I.C.; P.R.R.'s. Roofing products and shoe factories. Agri- culture. The Union was owned by its founder until 1868, when he sold half interest to W. S. Richards, the firm of Humphrey & Richards continuing publication until 18S7. S.nles & Wall were the owners until 1893, at which time the paper was purchased by ■r m Jesse L. Lamn T. N. Lakin, who continued as publisher under the firm name of T. N. Lakin & Sons, until his death in 1917. Since that date, publication has continued with Mrs. T. N. Lakin, Ira D. Lakin, Jesse L. Lakin, and Norman F. Jones as owners, but under the firm name of T. N. Lakin & Sons. The Union has one of the best equipped job plants in Fayette County. It is a weekly publication, appearing every Thursday, and is Republican in political affiliation. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 35c. Subscription rate: local, s 1.5(1; foreign, s2.00. Circulation, 2500. VIRGINIA GAZETTE: Established in 1872 by \\". M. Summers. Edwin McDonald, owner and editor since 192 6. Virginia, population, 1494. Located in Cass County, 15 miles north of Jacksonville. B. & O.; J. & H. R.R.'s. Agriculture. The Gazette has been owned by W. M. Summers, Summers & Anderson, Brownlee & Allard, Matthews & Thacker, T. L. Mat- thews, H. C. Allard, and C. M. Tinney. Tinney took charge of the Gazette in 1881 and actively edited it until 1901, when he went (Bijk into the office of Gov. Yates to take charge of the Press Bureau ' f \ of the Republican State Committee. Henry McDonald was in ^s y \ charge of the paper during that period, and eventually purchased i\ it in 1913, maintaining his interest for eight successive years. The Gazette then passed into the hands of George Kikendall and later, J. E. Hansel, who sold to Edwin McDonald who has been in sole charge since then. Complete files from 1874 until the present day have been preserved in the Gazette office. Advertising rate: local, 40c; foreign, 40c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.5 0. Circulation, 1648. I dwin Mi Don. 425 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History VIENNA TIMES: Established 1879 by A. K. Vickers. Harry Thompson Bridges, owner and editor since 1919. Mr. Bridges died in September, 1932, and his son, R. L. Bridges, has been editor and publisher since that date. Vienna, population, 873. County seat of Johnson County, located 36 miles northeast of Cairo. C. C. C. & St. L. R.R. It is principally an agricultural center, specializing in the production of fruit, livestock, poultry, and dairying and truck gardening. The Times is the only paper and job office in Johnson County. It is a weekly publication. Republican in politics. Previous owners and editors of the Times include A. K. Vickers, W. C Allen, Ed Morton, Gilliam & Ballance, and W. H. Gilliam. Circulation, 2000. Advertising rate: local, 10c; foreign, 30c, 3 5 c. Subscription rate: local $2.00; foreign, $2.50. Harry T. Bridges (Deceased) miles hops. VILLA GROVE NEWS: Established 1907 by A. H. Shu maker, owner and editor since that date. Villa Grove, population, 2 5UO. Douglas County, 3 2 southwest of Danville. C. & E. I. R.R. Railroad repair Farming. The News, a weekly Independent publication, was owned by W. F. Garland, previous to the time it was purchased by Mr. Shumaker. Circulation, 600. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, S2.00; foreign, $2.50. A. H. Shumaker ■VIRDEN RECORDER: Established 1866 by Reynolds and Milton. Norris Goode, editor and publisher since 1921. Virden, population, 3011. Located in Macoupin County, 22 miles southwest of Springfield. C. & N. W.; C. & A.; C. B. & Q. R.R.'s. Poultry packing plant; creamery. Diversified farming. The Recorder is a consolidation of the Virden Record and the Virden Reporter, established in 1879 by A. M. Barker. The two were merged in 1921, taking the name of Recorder. Former owners of the Record include Johnson, E. L. Rich, W. T. Thompson, E. P. Kimball, J. H. W'hitton, Lavern MacDavitt, Buckles & Studer, and John Campbell. The Reporter was owned at various times by A. G. David, E. P. Kimball, B. Brown, G. H. Sewall, J. R. Under- NORRIS GOODE . . ., . „ . wood and Norris Goode. Circulation, 860. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. 426 Illinois Newspaper Director! and History VIOLA ENTERPRISE: Established 1891 by a Mr. Dixon, first name unobtainable. A. G. Peterson, owner and editor since 1903. Viola, population, 5 64. Situated in Mercer County, 20 mile south of Rock Island on State Routes 83 and 85. C. B. & Q. R.R ( o.il mines. Shale rock. Agriculture, especially the raising of corn The Enterprise is a weekly. Independent paper. Among those who have owned this paper at various times are Messrs. Murray Smith, Adams, Michaelson, Frazier Brothers, and E. S. Harkrader Since Mr. Peterson purchased the Enterprise, he has installed en- tirely new equipment, maintaining one of the most modern and complete plants in the state. Circulation, 96 3. Advertising rate: local, 15c, 20c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, SI. 50; foreign, $2.00. or initials R. M. SCOTCHBKOOK WARREN SENTINEL-LEADER: Established 18 57 by Lewis and Gaugher. Ray M. Scotchbrook, editor and publisher. Warren, population, 1176. Situated in Jo Daviess Countv, 2> miles northwest of Freeport. I. C. R.R. Cheese factory. Furniture factory. Lead mines, stone quarries. Agriculture. The Sentinel-Leader is a weekly publication, Republican in political affiliation. Herst C. Gann and his daughter, Lulu M. Gann were previous owners of the Sentinel-Leader. Circulation, 13 50. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, S2.5 0. WARRENSBURG, MACON COUNTY TIMES: Established 18 84 by S. Ritchie. Luther C. Paxton, owner and editor since November 27, 1931. Warrensburg, population, 5 17. Located in Macon County, 8 miles northwest of Decatur on State Road 121. I. C. R.R. Corn canning factory. Agriculture. The Macon County Times was first known as the Warrensburg Times, the name having been changed at the time the paper was taken over by the present owner. Mrs. C. M. Ritchie and A. R. Finkenbinder were former owners of the Times. The Community Citizen is a weekly publication, issued every Friday, and is Inde- pendent in politics. It serves the communities of Warrensburg, Latham, Harristown, and Forsythe. Circulation, 700. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 20c, bv contract. Subscription rate: local, $1.00 (in Macon County), $1.50 eign, $2.00. Luther G Paxton (in Illinois) ; for- Illinois Newspaper Directory and History 'WARSAW BULLETIN: Established 186 5 by F. Dallam. Verle V. Kramer, editor and publisher since 1928. Warsaw, population, 1849. Located on the Mississippi River in Hancock County, 5 miles below Keokuk, Iowa. T. P. & W. R.R. Shoe, button, and incubator factories. Agriculture. The Bulletin is published every week, appearing each Friday. It is Republican in politics. Philip Dallam was a former owner of this paper. Circulation, 1937. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. fWASHINGTON, TAZEWELL COUNTY REPORTER: Established 1840 by A. A. Couch. Paul R. Goddard, editor since 1899. E. G. Kilby, business manager. Washington Printing Company, publisher. Washington, population, 1731. Located in Tazewell County, 12 miles east^of Peoria. C. & A.; A. T. & S. F.; T. P. & W. R.R.'s. Flour mills. Canning, cement block, and grain dump factories. Agriculture. The Tazewell County Reporter has been owned at various times during its 92 years of existence, by Albert Parker, Thomas Hand- saker, H. A. Pilaster, George Bon Durant, A. H. Heiple, F. B. Miller, C. A. Waltmire, and B. S. Wright. At present this paper is published by the Washington Printing Com- p , „ goddard P-my, of which Paul R. Goddard is president and E. G. Kilby, secretary. This company also publishes two other papers in Tazewell and Woodford counties. The Reporter appears every Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 1127. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. E. G. Kilby WATERLOO TIMES: Established 1868 by a Mr. Brown, whose first name or initials were unobtainable. Charles V. Dalkert, editor and publisher since 1913 until his death in April, 1932. The Times is now edited and published by his son, Louis A. Dalkert. The Times has been owned at various times during its exist- ence by F. M. Gauen, R. E. Douglas, J. A. Krepps and N. A. Rickert. This paper is published every Friday, and is Democratic in political affiliation. Circulation, 1100. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. •Sec Dallas C uv I nterorise tScc .lis,. Hopedale Times-Review; Roanoke Post. V. Dalkiut Illinois Newspaper Directors and History \\ \ II RLOO REPUBLICAN: Established 1S90 by H. C. Voris. who has been editor and publisher since that date. Waterloo, population, 2237. Located in Monroe County, 24 miles south of St. Louis, Mo. M. & O. R.R. Knitting and flour mills; creamery. Agriculture. The Republican is a weekly publication. Republican in politics. It is an outgrowth of two older Waterloo papers, the Patriot, estab- lished in 1851 by George Abbott and the Advocate, which suc- ceeded the Patriot in 18 58. J. F. Gotshall was a former owner of the Advocate, which was succeeded by the Republican Jan. 1, 1890. Circulation, 14(10. Advertising rate: local, 25c and 30c; foreign. 25c and JOc. II. C. Voris Subscription rate: local, S2.00; foreign. $2.50. plant. Creameries. WATSEKA. IROQUOIS COUNTY TIMES: Established 1870 by Louis M Babcock and Jacob Keiser. M. P. Kelly and C. W. Hinton, owners and editors. Watseka, population, 3144. County seat of Iroquois County, located 77 miles south of Chicago. T. P. & W.; C. & E. I. R.R.'s Feed mills, shirt, and cigar factories. Chemical Agriculture. The Iroquois County Times was first established at Onarga, Illinois, and was moved to Watseka in 1871, Reiser's interest in the piper having been bought by Charles Drurrm. In 1S72 Matthew H. Peters purchased the paper, selling it in 1874 to Otto H. Wengelin. August Langellicr became the proprietor the following year and sold it back to Matthew M. P. Kiiis Peters in 1878. After several years of owner- ship, Peters sold to Edwin Beard from whom Matthew P. Kelly purchased the paper in 1900. Mr. Kelly formed a partnership with C. W. Hinton in 1918, which is still in effect. The Iroquois County Times is published every Friday, and is Repub- lican in politics. Circulation, 4000. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 35c and 40c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.50. P Tr WATSEKA REPUBLICAN: Established 1856 by J. A. Graham M. S. Taliaferro, editor and majority stockholder in the Watseka Republican Co.. Inc., owner. The Republican is a weekly publication, issued every Wednes- day. As the name indicates, it is Republican in its political affilia- tion. Mr. Taliaferro has been associated with the Republican in his present capacity since 1917. Since 1892 the paper has been owned by a corporation. During its more than 75 years of pub- lication the Republican has never missed an issue. Circulation, 2615. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 38c, less 15',. Subscription rate: local, S2.00; foreign, $2.00. and D. T. Lindlev. + *5m ft, \1 S 1 U IAFERRO Illinois Newspaper Directory and History WAVERLY JOURNAL: Established 1869 by Miles J. Abbott and \V. D. Pemberton. Wilson M. Smith, editor and publisher since 1910. Waverly, population, 1390. Located in Morgan County, 18 miles southeast of Jacksonville. C. P. & St. L.; C.^B. & Q. R.R.'s. Flour mill; grain elevators; valve factory. Agriculture. The first paper established in Waverly was the Gazette, which was owned by its founders until 1873 when it was sold to J. H. Goldsmith, who changed the name to the Waverly Times. M. M. Meacham owned the paper sometime between that date and 1885, when the Journal, as it was then called, was sold to Fred B. Ritchie. Mr. Ritchie published the Journal until his death in 1897, his son, John Ritchie, continuing publication two years afterwards, when he sold to C. A. Wells. Mr. Wells later organized the Journal Com- pany, owning the controlling interest. In 190S the controlling interest was purchased by B. Reinbach, publisher of the Waverly Enterprise, who consolidated the papers under the name Journal- Enterprise. In 1910 the present owner bought all of the Journal Company stock, dis- solved the corporation, and changed the name back to the Waverly Journal. Advertising rate: 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, S2.00. Circulation, 600. Wilson M. Smith WEST FRANKFORT DAILY AMERICAN: Established 1918 by the late B. W. Elkins and W. A. Kelly. Owned by the Daily American Co., Inc. W. A. Kelly, president. T. J. Elkins, secretary. (Mr. Kelly died March 2 5, 1934.) West Frankfort, population, 14,5 00. Sit- uated in Franklin County, 4 5 miles south southeast of Centralia. C. B. & Q.; I. O; C. & E. I.; Mo. & Pac. R.R.'s. Railroad cen- ter. Agriculture; dairying; orchards; poultry; brick yard. Extensive coal mines. The Daily American publishes a paper daily, with the exception of Sunday, and is Republican in politics. Former owners of this paper include A. E. Martin, J. K. McDermitt, T. A. Sinks & N. J. Henson, and Elkins & Boyd. A weekly edition of the paper was dis- continued in 1920. Circulation, 4200. Advertising rate: local, 3 5c; foreign, 49c. Subscription rate: local, $7.80; foreign, $5.00. W. A. Kelly (Deceased) * YATES CITY BANNER: Established 1876 by A. H. McKeighan. Brockett R. Bates, editor and publisher. Yates City, population, 591. Situated in Knox County, 29 miles west of Peoria. C. B. & Q. R.R. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Yates City Banner is a weekly publication. Independent in political affiliation. For over 15 years the Banner has been published at the plant of the Elmwood Gazette. Among the former owners of this paper are Everett and Mamie Slater Smith. George S. Flint, A. R. and Stanley Johnson, William H. Chain, and Glenn P. Scott. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local. Si. 50; foreign, $2.00. Circulation, 378. St-c \ Imwood G.i 430 Illinois Newspaper [)iki< kirv and History WHITE HALL REGISTER-REPUBLICAN: Established 1869 by S. and F. Glossop. Richard C. Bell, editor and publisher. White Hall, population, 292 8. Situated in Greene County, 2 5 miles south of Jacksonville. C. & A.; C. B. & Q. R.R.'s. Manu- factures pottery, sewer pipes, drain and roof tiles, and condensed milk. Machine shops. Flour mills. Sanatorium. Coal and potters' clay. Agriculture. Fruit. The Register-Republican is a consolidation of the old Register, established in 1869 and the Republican, which had its beginning in 1877. H. E. Bell purchased the Republican from Cap Pearce in 1917 and consolidated the two papers in that year. At the death of Mr. Bell in 1930, the paper was taken over by his wife, Stella C. Bell, and his son, Richard C. Bell. The Register-Republican is a weekly publication. Independent in politics. Other recent owners of the paper have included W. J. Roberts and J. D. Rowe. Circulation, 1800. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 30c; agency, 35c. Subscription rate: local, S2.00; foreign, S2.50. H. Davis Jesse H. McBride WELDON RECORD: Established 1892 by Lewis Frier and H. E. Montgomery. Jesse H. McBride, owner and editor since 192 3. Weldon, population, 573. DeWitt County, 2 5 miles south- east of Bloomington. on hard roads 120 and 4S. 1. C. R.R. Machine shops; canning factory; agriculture. The Record during its time of existence has been owned by the following: A. H. Montgomery. H. E. Montgomerv. Perle\ Reuther, J. R. Jennings, and I lanv Martin. The paper is a weekly, Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 600. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $1.5 0. fWYOMING POST-HERALD: Established 1872 by E. H. Phelps. Gerry D. Scott, editor, owner, and publisher since 1918. Wyoming, population, 1408. Located in Stark Countv. 3 1 miles northwest of Peoria. C. R. I. & P.; C. B. & Q. R.R.'s.' Coal mines. Agriculture. The Post-Herald has been owned at various times by W". R. Sandham, Nixon & Newton, Nixon & Thomas, Moore & Son, and Scott Brothers. The present owner and his brother purchased the Post-Herald in 1914 and continued the management for four years, at the end of which Gerry D. Scott purchased his brother's interest, and has been sole owner since that date. The Post-Herald is pub- lished every Wednesday, and is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 1400. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. Gerry D. Scott Illinois Nlwspaper Directory and History WILLIAMSFIELD TIMES: Established 1889 by C. D. Benfield. \V. G. Johnson, editor and publisher since 1918. Williamsfield, population, 43 5. Located in Knox County, 20 miles east of Galesburg. A. T. & S. F. R.R. Coal mines. Agri- culture. The Times is a weekly publication, Independent in politics. T. M. Momeny and E. W. Benson owned the paper from 1891-92; S. E. Boggess from 1892-93; and M. H. Irish from 1893 until 1918, when the Times was taken over by W. G. Johnson, who has been in control since that date. W. G. JonNsor. Circulation, 375. Advertising rate: Subscription rate: local, local 15c; foreign, 2 5c. $2.00; foreign, $2.00. WHEATON ILLINOIAN: Established 1861 by Henry C. Childs. Harvey I Durant, owner and editor since 1915. Wheaton, population, 7164. County seat of DuPage County, located 2 5 miles west of Chicago. C. & N. W.; C. A. & E. I. R.R.'s. Ships grain, live stock, and farm produce. Wheaton College. Resi- dential town. Agri:ulture. The Wheaton Illinoian is a weekly publication, issued every Friday. It is Republican in political affiliation. N. E. Matter and C. M. Plummer are among the former owners of this paper. Circulation, 2 3 00. Advertising rate: local, 3 5c; foreign, 45c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00 (plus postage). Harvey L. Durant -WINCHESTER TIMES: Established 1865 by A. A. Wheelock. P. R. Nelson, editor and owner from 18 87 until 1931. Now owned by the Estate of P. R. Nelson. Winchester, population, 15 32. County seat of Scott County, located 18 miles southwest of Jacksonville. C. B. & Q. R.R. Ships coal, lime, sandstone, and grain. Agriculture. The Times has been owned during its existence by Milton & Moyer, Wheelock & Moyer, Charles Crisp, Tibbets & Rogers. P. R. Nelson was in complete charge of this paper from 18 87 until his death which occurred in March, 1931. He also published papers at Manchester and Murrayvillc. The Times is issued every Friday and is Democratic in political affiliation. P. R. Nn son (Dccc.scll Circulation, 1800. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.50; foreign, $2.50. 432 Iiiinois Newspaper Dikiciori and History PONTIAC DAILY LEADER: Established 1895 by Saul & Stinson. L managing editor. L. A. Clark, business manager. Owned by the Pontiac I lishing Company. Pontiac, population, 825 5. County seat of Livingston County, located 92 miles west of Chicago. C. & A.;' I. C; Wabash R.R.'s. Shoe, candy, farm implements, and automobile acces- sories factories. Hatcheries, Illinois State Re- formatory. Agriculture. The Daily Leader is published every after- noon with the exception of Sunday. It is Inde- pendent Republican in political affiliation. Former owners of this paper have included Saul & Stinson, C. B. Hurtt, B. F. Shankiand, and H. A. Clark J. Clark. L. \ C irculation, 3 341. Advertising rate: foreign, 3c per line. Subscription rate: local. S5.00 (by carrier); foreign, $4.00 (bv mail). V. Pearre, lader Pub- tPRAIRIE DUROCHER SUN: Established 1905 by Thomas J. How A. A. Brands and Lucien File, owners and publishers. Prairie du Rocher, population, 5 3 5. Lo- cated in Randolph County, 47 miles south of St. Louis, Missouri. M. P. R.R. Flour mills. Agriculture. This paper was first known as the Demo- crat, the name being changed to the Sun in 1921, when Lewis Tebeau became editor and pub- lisher. The present owners purchased the Sun in October, 1931. The first issue was a four- page eight-column edition, the size now being a six-column eight-page paper. An office is main- tained at Prairie du Rocher, while the business and printing is done in the plant of the Herald- i. A. Brands -r •, ,-., in . lribune at Chester, Illinois. Circulation, 500. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, si. 50. orth & Co. ■ PRINCEVILLE TELEPHONE: Established 1872 by J. E. Knapp. Gerry D. Scott, Wyoming, owner. Floyd |. Hill, editor. Prmeeville, population, 1035. Located in Peoria Countv. 22 miles north northwest of Peoria. A. T. & S. F.; C. R. I. & P. R.R.'s. Corn cannery. Agriculture. The Telephone is a weekly publication, appearing every Thurs- day. It is Independent Republican in political affiliation. Paul Hull was a former owner of this paper. Circulation, 1200. JOc; foreign, 3 5c. . $2.00; foreign. $2.00. Advertising rate: local. Subscription rate: local iter Herald-Tribune. Wyoming Post-Herald. 433 Floyd J. Hn l Illinois Newspaper Directory and History ALTON EVENING TELEGRAPH: Established 1836 by R. M. Treadway and L. M. Parks. Alton Telegraph Printing Company, present owner. Paul B. Cousley, editor and president of company. John D. McAdams, secretary-treasurer and business manager. Alton, population, 30,142. Situated in Madison County on the Mississippi River, 2 5 miles north of St. Louis, Mo. A. & E.; C. & A.; C. C. C. & St. L-; C. B, & Q,; M. K. T.; C. S. & St. L. R.R.'s. Steamboat connection. Manufactures glass, flour, agricultural im- plements, paper, leather, oil, steel, mining tools, and dairy products. River trade, shipping point for agricultural produce. Shurtleff College; Ursuline Academy; Western Military Academy. Lime and building stone quarries. Diversified farming. The Evening Telegraph from the time of its establishment until 1841 was known simply as the Telegraph. In 1841 the name was changed to Telegraph and Democratic Review and in 1853 the name became the Telegraph and Madison County Record. This latter name was retained until 185 5 when the paper was merged with the Courier. At the death of the Courier in 1861 the Telegraph was revived by L. A. Parks, J. T. Beem, and S. V. Crossman. Others whose names figured prominently during the 19th century in- cluded S. G. Bailey, John Bailhache, S. R. Dolbee, William H. Bail- hache, E. L. Baker, Charles Holden, W. T. Norton, George T. M. Davis, Thomas S. Pinckard, J. A. Cousley, and H. W. Bauer. The present editor, Paul B. Cousley, succeeded his father John A. Cousley as editor and president in 1913, and has been in complete charge since that date. In 1924 the Tele- graph purchased its only competitor and has continued to occupy the field alone. The Telegraph is published every day with the exception of Sunday, and is Independent Republican in politics. Advertising rate: local, 84c; foreign, $1.12. Subscription rate: local, $7.50; foreign, $7.50. Circulation, 13,000. Paul B. Cousley N \ John D. McAdams BARRY ADAGE: Established 1871 by John H. Cobb. C. A. Hess, editor and ness manager. Mary Hartman, city editor. Owned by the Barry Adage Printing Co. Barry, population, 1503. Located in Pike County, 27 miles southeast of Quincy. Wabash R.R. Barrel factory. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Barry Adage numbers among its early owners John H. Cobb, S. E. Colgrove, W. W. Watson, and Albert E. Hess. The present editor and business manager organized the Barry Adage Printing Company, Inc., August 1, 1920, and since that time has been manager and treasurer of the organization. The Adage is a weekly publication, issued every Wednesday. It is Inde- C A Hess pendent in political affiliation. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50. Circulation, 2400. 434 busi- , Inc. Illinois Xi wspapir Directory and History ARTHUR GRAPHIC-CLARION: Established 1887 by T. J. Haney. Hugh P. Rigney, editor and publisher since 1925. Arthur, population, 1363. Located in Moultrie and Douglas Counties, 30 miles east southeast of Decatur. C. & E. I.; Pa. R.R.'s. Filling station pump, tank wagon, underground tank, road grader and drag, burial vault factories, milk condensary. Agriculture, .l.ui vmg. The Graphic-Clarion is a weekly publication, Independent politically. Since the time of its establishment it has been owned by M. H. Haney. J. H. Bassett, Miron Bieglow, Rigney and Bieglow, LI. M. Rigney and R. H. Perrott. Circulation, 1100. Advertising rate: local, 2 0c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local. $2.00; foreign, $2.25. Hugh P. Rigney BARDOLPH NEWS: Established 1893 by Bert Maxwell. Harry V. Maxwell. editor and publisher since 1915. Bardolph, population, 304. Located in McDonough County, 32 miles south of Galesburg. C. B. & Q. R.R. Agricultural district. The Bardolph News has been in the Maxwell family since the date of its founding, and has been owned at various times by Bert Maxwell, W. Kec Maxwell, and Fred H. Maxwell. It was edited for many years by H. A. Maxwell, veteran teacher and editor, who passed away in 1927 at the age of 82 years. The Xews is a weekly publication, issued every Thursday. It is Democratic in political affiliation. Circulation, 920. Advertising rate: local. 25c; foreign. 25c. Harry V. Maxwell Subscription rate: local, si. 50; foreign, si. 50. BLUFFS WEEKLY TIMES: Established 1889 by P. R. Nelson. Paul H. Vanniei editor and publisher. Bluffs, population, 95 3. Located in Scott Count), 17 miles west of Jacksonville. Wabash R.R. Trading center. Agriculture. The Times has been owned during its period of existence by P. R. Xelson, 1889-1897; E. D. Beird, 1897-1921; and Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Reed, 1921-Sept. 16, 193 1; Vannier & Merriman until 1932. It is published weekly, as the name indicates, and is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 1 1 5 0. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local. s2.00; foreign. $2.00. Pacl H. Vannier 435 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History DIXON EVENING TELEGRAPH: Established 185 1 by B. F. Shaw. George B. Shaw, editor. Mabel S. Shaw, owner and publisher. Published by B. F. Shaw Print- ing Company. Dixon and suburbs, population, 12,200. County seat of Lee County, located 98 miles west of Chicago. C. & N.W.; I. C. R.R.'s. Manufactures wagons, cabs, plows, wire screen, cement, lawn mowers, sash and doors, shoes, corsets, corset stays, and condensed milk. Dixon State Colony for Epileptics and Feeble-Minded. Agriculture. The Evening Telegraph has been in the Shaw family since the date of establishment until the present day. The founder's daughter- Mabel S. Shaw in-law, Mabel S. Shaw, and his grandsons, George B. Shaw George B. Shaw, Robert E. Shaw, and Ben T. Shaw are owners of the paper. The Telegraph is published daily with the exception of Sunday. It is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 5 500. Advertising rate: local, 50c; foreign, 56c. Subscription rate: local, $4.00; foreign, $7.00. Charles C. Chain BUSHNELL, McDONOUGH DEMOCRAT: Established 1884 by Charles C. Chain, who has been editor and owner since that date. Bushnell, population, 28 5 0. Located in McDonough County, 2 8 miles southwest of Galesburg. C. B. & Q.; T. P. & W. R.R.'s. Poultry packing plants; butter and steel products manufactories. Poultry and egg market. Agriculture. The McDonough Democrat is published every Thursday and is Democratic in its political affiliation. The paper was established by Mr. Chain, who with the exception of five years with a partner, has been the sole owner of the McDonough Democrat. Circulation, 15 00. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 22c. Subscription rate: local, S2.00; foreign, $2.00. CARTHAGE GAZETTE: Established 186 5 by Fowler & Prentiss. W. O. Sharp, editor and publisher. Carthage, population, 2240. Located in Hancock County, 40 miles north northeast of Quincy. C. B. & Q.; Wabash R.R.'s. Carthage College, (Lutheran Co-ed.) Agriculture, live stock. The Gazette is published every Friday and is Republican in politics. Since 1869 this paper has been controlled entirely by various members of the Sharp family. W. O. Sharp has been pub- lisher since 1894. Circulation, 3 5 00. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. W. O. Sharp Illinois Newspaper Directors and History BREESE JOURNAL: Established 1921 by G. C. Stearns. E. J. Mahlandt, owner, editor, and publisher since 192 5. Breese, population, 195 8. Located in Clinton County, 40 miles east of St. Louis, Missouri. B. & O. R.R. Coal mines. Agricul- ture, dairying. The Journal is a weekly paper, issued every Thursday. It is Democratic in political arriliation. This paper was started with the co-operation of the Breese Chamber of Commerce. Circulation, 1500. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, S1.50; foreign, $1.50. BROOKPORT INDEPENDENT: Established 1923. James lewis Hall, owner and editor. Brookport, population, 13 37. Located in Massac County on the Ohio River, 3 2 miles east of Cairo. Flour mills; button factor)'; tie loading chutes. Agriculture. Live stock. The Independent was established in 192 3 by the present owner, J. L. Hall, who has maintained a successful paper in the face of four other newspaper failures in this particular field. The Inde- pendent is published every Thursday and is Republican politically. Circulation, 600. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, si. 50; foreign, $1.50. -CHESTER HERALD-TRIBUNE: Established 1859 by John R. Shannon and John T. McBride. John A. File and A. H. Holm, owners. John A. I ile, editor. I ncien A. File, associate editor and advertising manager. Chester, population, 3921. Located in Randolph County on the Mississippi River, about 75 miles below St. Louis. M. & I ; M. P. R.R.'s. Ferry to Claryville, Mo. Flour, brick, shoe, and hosiery manufactories. Coal mines. Ships iron, lead, building sand, coal, and farm and manufactured products. Southern Illinois Penitentiary and Criminal Insane Hospital. The Herald-Tribune is a weekly publica- tion, Independent in politics. This paper is a consolidation of the Herald purchased by Mr. File in 1920 from J. W. Graves, and the Tribune, which was purchased from T. J. Howorth. Circulation, 2400. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, s2.t)n. JOH? H. Hoi Illinois Newspaper Directory and History CAIRO, ILLINOIS MESSENGER: Established 192 5 by the Illinois Baptist Printing Company, Incorporated. Frank M. Liston, editor and manager. Illinois Baptist Printing Company, Incorpor- ated, owner. Cairo, population, 13,532. County seat of Alexander County. Located at junction of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, 150 miles K southeast of Saint Louis, Missouri. I. C; St. L. S. W.; M. & O.; hf~f C. C. C. & St. L.; M. P. R.R.'s. Ferries to Bird Point, Mo.; Wickhffe, Ky. Grain elevators; sewing machines; bottling, handle and carriage works; saw and flour mills. Shipping center, water and rail. Clay ; . deposits. Agriculture. The Illinois Messenger is a weekly publication, issued every Frank M. Liston Friday. It is Independent in political affiliation. This paper is the official organ of the General Baptist State Convention of Southern Illinois, representing 327 churches, with 15 0,000 members. Advertising rate: local, 3 5c; foreign, 40c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. Circulation, 3 5,000. CARTHAGE, HANCOCK COUNTY JOURNAL: Established 1887 by Eugene Moon. John P. Beckman, owner and general manager. Donald T. Forsythe, editor. Carthage, population, 2240. County seat of Hancock County, located 40 miles northeast of Quincy. C. B. & Q.; Wab. R.R.'s. Carthage College (Lutheran Co-ed). Agriculture, live stock. The Hancock County Journal is a weekly publication, issued every Thursday. It is In- dependent in its political affiliation. Former owners of this paper have included John Coch- ran and Elbert Rose. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.50. Circulation, 2500 John P. Be FAIRBURY BLADE: Established 1868 by O. J. Dimmick. J. A. Patterson, editor and joint owner with I. L. Harris, Frank Phelps, and Cora Evans, known as the Blade Publishing Company. Fairbury, population, 2 3 05. Situated in Livingston County, 60 miles east of Peoria. T. P. & W. R.R. Trading center. Coal mines. Grain elevators; sorghum mills. Machine shops; cheese fac- tory; cement works. Agriculture. During its years of existence the Blade has been owned at various times by B. F. Shankland, Edward Scibird, D. A. Fraley, Fulton & Sutton, G. A. Sutton, and Sutton & Patterson. The Blade is a weekly publication, issued every Friday. It is Republican in politics. Circulation, 1983. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 40c (composition), 3 5c (plate). Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.50. J. 438 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History GILMAN STAR: Established 1870 by Edward Humley. F. H. Siemons, owner, editor, and publisher since March 1, 1923. Gilman, population, 1620. located in Iroquois County, 21 miles south of Kankakee. 1. C; T. P. & W. R.R.'s. Garment, cheese, and cigar factories. Monument works. Trade in grain, and farm products. The Star numbers among its former owners Chan. Allen. A. S. Chapman, and W. E. Atkinson. This paper is a weekly pub- lication, issued every Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. The Star is an 8-page paper, all home print. Circulation, 1 5 00. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local. $2.00; foreign, $2.00. Arthur E. I'oi is EUREKA, WOODFORD COUNTY JOURNAL: Established 1867 (founder unknown). Arthur E. Potts, present owner and publisher. Eureka, population, 1531. County seat of Woodford County, located 20 miles east of Peoria. A. T. & S. F.; T. P. & W. R.R.'s. Ships grain and live stock. Canning factory. Eureka College. The Woodford County Journal is published every Thursday, and is Independent in political affiliation. This paper was former!) owned by the Radfords and P. E. Low. Circulation and Advertising rates given upon application. Subscription rate: local, S2.00; foreign, S2.00. HIGHLAND JOURNAL: Established 1893 by C. J. Weis. J. N. Stokes, owner editor, and publisher since 1898 until Vernon W. Ittner, formerly publisher of Cobden Review, purchased it in August, 19 33. Highland, population, 3 314. Located in Madison County, Jl miles northeast of St. Louis, Mo. Pa. R.R. Highland, with 16 miles of concrete streets, is 100 per cent paved. Flour and planing mills; truck, pipe organ, and electric clock factories. Two mil! plants. Municipally owned light and power plant and waterworks. Embroidery works. Agriculture, dairying. The Highland Journal is a weekly paper, issued every Thurs- day. Weis & Utiger owned the Journal for a few years until it was purchased in 1895 by Utiger & Stokes, Mr. Stokes purchasing the entire interest in 1898. Circulation, 1450. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, si. 50; foreign, si. 5(1. V. \\". Itimr Illinois Newspaper Directory and History KANKAKEE REPUBLICAN-NEWS: Established 1852. (Founder not ascer- tained.) Leslie C. Small, managing editor and president of the Kankakee Republican Company, owner. Kankakee, population, 21,524. County seat of Kankakee County, located on the Kankakee River, 56 miles southwest of Chi- cago. I. C; N. Y. C; C. C. C. & St. L. R.R.'s. Water power. Manufactures furniture, stoves, men's clothing, auto trucks, beds, office supplies, pianos, hosiery, overalls, and agricultural implements. State Armory; Kankakee State Hospital for the Insane; St. Viator's College. Quarries of excellent limestone. Agriculture. The Republican-News is a consolidation of the old Kankakee Daily Republican and the Kankakee Daily News, which were com- bined June, 1931. The Daily Republican succeeded the Daily Times in 1903, while the News was created 12 years ago through the combination of the Kankakee Gazette and the Kankakee Demo- Leslii ( Smali crat. The recent consolidation gives the Republican-News a com- plete coverage of Kankakee and 5 5 adjacent cities and towns. 1 eslic C. Small has been the managing editor for over a period of 18 years. This paper is published daily with the exception of Sunday. It is Republican in politics. Circulation, 13,000. Advertising rate: local, 6 5c per inch; foreign, 6c per line. Subscription rate: local, 15c per week; foreign, $4.00 per year. *HANNA CITY-TRIVOLI INDEX: Established 1925 by the Johnson Printing Company of Morton. Morris Rader, owner and publisher since 192 8. Hanna City, population, 5 62. Situated in Peoria County, 10 miles west of Peoria on State Route 8. Railroad name, Hanna. M. & St. L. R.R. Coal mines. Agriculture. Trivoli, population, 252. Located in Peoria County, 16 miles west of Peoria. M. & St. L. R.R. Agriculture. The Hanna City-Trivoli Index is a weekly paper, appearing every Thursday is Independent in political affiliation. This paper is published at Glasford. Circulation, 300. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 15c, plus 5c composition. Subscription rate: local, $1.5 0; foreign, $1.5 0. It EVANSVILLE ENTERPRISE: Established 1895 by J. M. Shaw. J. P. Gerlach, owner, publisher, and manager. Evansville, population, 543. Located on the Kaskaskia River in Randolph County, 5 2 miles southwest of Centralia. M.-l. R.R. Flour mill. Shoe factory. Agriculture. The Enterprise has been owned and operated solely by J. P. Gerlach, since he purchased the plant in 1895. This paper is pub- lished weekly, and is issued every Friday. It is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 65 0. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, SI. 50; foreign, $2.00. J. P. Cil IU A •Sm lUo GUsford (,, Illinois Newspaper I)iui< iori and History MAHOMET SUCKER STATE: Established 1879 by A. St. Clair Brown. ( harles W. Pugh, editor and publisher since 1911. Mahomet, population, 729. Located in Champaign County, II miles northwest of the University of Illinois, at the intersection of State Routes 39 and 47. C. C. C. & St. L. R.R. Agriculture. Dairying. Poultry raising. Owners of the Sucker State at various times have included F. L. Maxey, 1895-1900; R. E. Lucas, 1900-1902; Charles Warner, 1902-1903'; Charles M. Pearson 1903-1910; and O. D. Stiles 1910- 1911. The Sucker State is a weekly publication, issued every Thurs- day. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 440. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign. 20c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $1.00. :: GLASEORD GAZETTE: Established 1899 by W. F. Rader. Morris Rader, owner and publisher since 1911. Glasford, population, 671. Located in Peoria County, 17 miles southwest of Peoria on State Route 9. T. P. & W. R.R.'s. Feed mill; elevators. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Gazette is a weekly paper, issued every Thursday, and is Independent in political affiliation. It has been in the Rader family from the time of its establishment until the present day. Circulation, 9 SO. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 20c, plus 5c composition. Subscription rate: local, s2.00; foreign, S2.00. LERNA EAGLE: Established 1889 b owner, editor, and publisher since July, 193 1. Lerna, population, 366. Located in Cole< County, S miles southeast ot Mattoon. I. ( . : Nickel Plate R.R.'s. Diversified farming. The Eagle is a weekly paper, publishec every Thursday. It is Independent in politica Will H. Woollen. Earl B. Sumerlin, i.Tiliation. W. W. ;wn:r of this paper \klntosh was a former until it was purchased by Adolph Sumerlin, who continued as publisher until his death in July, 193 1. Since that time, hi; son, Earl B. Sumerlin has published the Eagle. Circulation, 1000. Advertising rate: local 15c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.25: foreign, $1.50. \doi i'ii Sum (Denaxd H V Ml 111 IN . Hannj I ity-Trivoli Indcs Ii i.inois Newspaper Directory and History HILLSBORO JOURNAL: Established 185 by Frank and Cyrus Gilmore. Sa Little, president of The Hillsboro Journal, Inc., owner. James C. Colvin, editor \i business manager. Hillsboro, population, 5 074. County seat of Montgomery County Louis, Mo. C. C. C. & St. Electric power plant. Coal L.; C. & E. mines. Agri- I. R.R. located Fruit miles northeast of St factory; zinc smelters culture. The first paper to be published in Hillsboro was the Prairie Beacon established 183 9 by Aaron Clapp. It continued only a short time, and no other paper was started until 1850, when the Prairie Mirror was established, with Rev. Francis Springer as editor. In 185 1 it was sold to William K. Jackson and C. D. Dickerson, the latter purchasing the entire plant in 18 54. He continued publica- tion until 1856 when he sold out to James Blackman, Jr., who changed its name to the Montgomery County Herald, and was suc- ceeded by J. W. Kitchell and F. H. Gilmore in 1858. In 1860 the paper was sold to Robert W. Davis, James M. Davis, and McKinzie Turner, who during the campaign conducted the paper as a Demo- Sam Litti.i cratic organ. Frank H. Gilmore was the next purchaser, who in turn sold to E. J. Ellis in 1862. Edward L. Reynolds and Wilbur F. Stoddard con- ducted the paper until 1867 when they sold to William McEwan and John Aghin- b.iugh, who sold to E. J. C. Alexander the lollowing year. In 1876 the name of the paper was changed to Alexander's Blade, and was published as a Republican paper. In 1877 James I.. Slack came into control, changing the name to the Hillsboro Journal, under which it has been published continuously ever since. Charles R. Truitt .\m.\ Ren F. Boyd bought the paper in 1881. Mr. Truitt, after editing it for several years, sold his half interest to Mr. Boyd in 1894, who in turn sold a half interest that same year to Mr. Truitt's brother, James M. Truitt. Boyd and Truitt sold the Journal in 1898 to Josiah Bixler who continued publication until 1907. Since 1899 Sam Little has been associated with the Ffillsboro Journal in various capacities, purchasing it in 1907, and forming a corporation with Harry T. Shipman as a stockholder with him. John 1 I. Little, father of Sam Little, was the third stockholder. Shipman sold his interest to Little in 19 12, and since that time the Journal has been retained exclusively by the Little family. Sam Little was appointed postmaster of Hillsboro in 1924. and since August, 192$, James C. Colvin has been the editor and manager. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, S2.50; foreign, S2.5 0. Circulation. 3000. GREENUP PRESS: Established 1879 by A. C. Marcus Lucas Carruthers, present owner and editor. Greenup, population, 1062. Cumberland County, ioswortn. 43 mile ( loncretc southwest of Terre Haute, [nd. Shoes, broom factor blocks. Agriculture, fruit. I. C; Pa. R.R.'s. The Press is a weekly paper. Independent in political affilia- tion. It Its been owned at various times by A. C. Bosworth, John Cunnineham, Walter Cunningham, O. B. Grant & Son, Carruthers & Jennings, and Glen Jennings. Circulation, 1056. Advertising rate: local, 30c, 25c, 20c; foreign, 30c, 25c, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. 442 Illinois Newspaper Directors vnd llhimo LENA STAR: I stablished 1X67 by J. \V. Gishwiller. S. J. Schildhammer, owner md editor since April 1 . 1 920. Lena, population, 1143. Located in Stephenson County, 1"' riles northwest of Freeport on State Route 73. Creamery; cheese factory. Agriculture. Stock raising. Among the various owners of the Lena Star are J. \1. Shannon, I mes McCall, J. E. Newcomer, \\ . \\". Lewis, A. J. Rupp, H. 1. ( otzer, C. O. Piper, and 1). W. Gahagen. The Star is published csekly, appearing every Thursday. It is Republican in political affiliation. C ire illation, 960. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign. 50c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00 HOM1 R I NT] RPRISE: Established 1859 by George Itnapp. Bergan 1 . Morgan, editor and owner since 19 12. Homer, population, 917. Located in Champaign County, 2i nnles west ot Danville. Wabash R.R. Grain elevators. Agriculture. The Enterprise is a weekly publication, issued every Friday. It is Independent in its political affiliation, former owners of this paper have included J. G. White and J. B. Martin. < ii en Lit ion, 457. Advertising rate: local, 1 2 ' _• c .\nd I5c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, si. 5 0; foreign, $1.50. Hi kuan I. M, Dl I AND TRIBUNE: Established in August, 1892 by John S. Murphy. Murphy, managing editor since 1915. Mrs. Margaret Murphy, owner. De Land, population, S42. Located in Piatt County on State Route 120, 33 miles Decatur; 20 miles west of Champaign; and 18 miles east of Clinton. 1. C R.R Medicine, women's and children's dress factories. Agriculture. Live stock. John S. Murphy was the editor and publisher of the De 1 .\'ij Tribune from the time of its establishment in 1892, until his death in 1915. Since that time, his son, R. J. Murphy has acted as manag- ing editor of the paper. Since 1929 he has served as postmaster, still maintaining his position with the Tribune. This paper is a weekly publication, issued every Friday, and is Republican in poli- tics. It serves the north halt ot Piatt County and the east part of DeW'itt County. Circulation, 12SS. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 35c. Subscription rate: local, s2.00; foreign. S2.50. 443 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History » 0Z» -LONDON MILLS, LONDON TIMES: Established 1888 by Willis W. Vose. Dee Kay Vose, present owner, editor, and publisher. London Mills, population, 5 16. Located in Fulton County on Spoon River, south, and Knox County, north, 19 miles south by east of Galesburg, and 37 miles west of Peoria. M. & St. L.; C. B. & Q. R.R.'s. Agriculture. The London Times is unusual in that it has been owned by one family from the time of its establishment until the present a day with the exception of eight months, at which time it was con- trolled by E. D. Gross. Willis W. Vose, who established the Times, published it from 18 88 until 1914 consecutively, at which time he sold it to his son. Dee Kay Vose, who is the present publisher. The Times is a weekly publication. Independent in Dee Kay Vosf politics. Circulation, 5 00. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. NOBLE NEWS: Established 1897 by H. F. White. Leslie E. Hance, owner, editor, and publisher since 1929. Noble, population, 5 8 0. Located in Richland County, 3S miles west of Vincennes, Ind. B. & O. R.R. General farming. The Noble News has been owned at various times by Levi Tennyson, Earl C. Taylor, and C. A. Galloway & L. E. Hance. This is a weekly publication, issued every Thursday. It is Inde- pendent in political affiliation. Circulation, 600. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 3 0c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $1.25. Leslie E. Hance NEWTON MENTOR-DEMOCRAT: Established 18 82 by C. M. Davis. Otis Yelvington, editor and general manager. Owned by the Mentor Printing Company. Newton, population, 2072. County seat of Jasper County, located 42 miles south of Mattoon. I. C. R.R. Manufactures lum- ber, brooms, and barrels. Fruit storage, poultry packing plants. Stone quarry; coal mines. Agriculture and horticulture. The Mentor-Democrat is a consolidation of the Newton Mentor established 1882 and the Newton Democrat established in 1897 bv Gaines and Kasserman. The two papers were consolidated in 1920 and incorporated by the Mentor Printing Company. Ex- Congressman E. B. Brooks is president of the company. The Mentor-Democrat is a weekly publication, issued every Thursday. It is Republican in its political affiliation. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 3 0c. Circulation, 1200. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. Otis Yelvington 444 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History ASHLAND SENTINEL: Established 1882 by A. E editor, and publisher since 1897. Ashland, population, 1006. Located in Cass County, 21 Springfield. B. & O.; C. & A. R.R.'s. Grain and live stock farming. The Sentinel is the successor of the Eagle established 1876 by John S. Harper. This paper was for a while conducted by A. F. Smith who removed it to Virginia, Illinois, starting the Temper- ance Bugle at Ashland, which continued until 1879. In the sum- mer of this year the News was started, with John J. Smith as the editor until 1880, when he moved the plant to Naples, Illinois. A. E. Mick started the Sentinel with an entirely new outfit, selling in 18X4 to S. D. McCaulley & Co. In June, 1889, the plant was purchased by I. H. Stanley and in September, 1896, was sold to W. G. Mann. In December of that year, Mr. Mann took in his brother, I. N. Mann, as a partner, and they conducted the paper until May 15, 1897 when it was purchased by the present owner. Circulation, 675. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, S2.00; foreign, $2.00. Mick. P. W. Bast, owner. les northwest of WALNUT LEADER: Established 1891 by William Wilson. E. C. Wilson, owner and business manager since 1911. Fred L. Tucker, editor. Walnut, population, 832. Located in Bureau County. 30 miles northwest of LaSailc. C. B. & Q. R.R. Hatchery. Agriculture. The Walnut Leader is a weekly paper, issued every Friday. It is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 175 0. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, S2.00; foreign, $2.00. LAHARPE QUILL: Established 1892 by Martin and Corn- stock. Owned bv Wilkinson and Bradshaw. Harrv W. Bradshaw. editor and publisher. La Harpe, population, 1175. Located in Hancock County, 29 miles northeast of Keokuk, Iowa. T. P. & W. R.R. Agriculture, live stock. The Quill is a weekly publication, appearing every Tuesda) It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 800. Advertising rate: local, 2 0c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, SI. 50; foreign, S2.00. 445 llvKBi w Br ids Ii i inois Newspaper Dirtc tory and History BUNKER HILL GAZETTE-NEWS: Established 1866 by A. W. Edwards. Elmer and Dalia M. Goff, owners, editors, and publishers since 1925. Bunker Hill, population, 977. Located in Macoupin County, 16 miles northeast of Alton. C.C.C. & St. L. R.R. Elevators; vault and monument plants; milk condensary; milk station; coal mine; rubber factory. Fruit, produce, and livestock. A. W. Edwards, a Civil War veteran, was the first editor and publisher of Bunker Hill's first newspaper, the Union-Gazette. The following year, 1867, Edwards sold the paper to Dr. Albert Rodney Sawyer and F. Y. Hedley. Upon Dr. Sawyer's death in 1868, the business passed into the hands of his partner, who in 1871 changed the name of the paper to the Gazette. The Prohibitionists established another paper in Bunker Hill in 1888 under the name of the Advance, with Carl Shutt of Litchfield as editor and publisher. He later sold the plant to a Mr. Uhl of St. Louis, who continued the paper for a number of years, selling to Sam Hale who changed the name to the Democrat. H. F. Henrichs and Fred Wolff were the next owners, Henrichs continuing for some time after his partner left. It was during this time that the name was changed to the Bunker Hill News. In the mean- time, in 18 89, F. Y. Hedley had incorporated the Bunker Hill Gazette with himself as president, M. H. Hedley as secretary-treasurer, and W. S. Silence as mechanical foreman. This arrangement continued until the fall of 1897, when Hedley sold the paper to the business men of Bunker Hill, the following year R. S. Cruikshank being employed by the owners as editor. In 1899, Phil C. Hansen purchased the Gazette from the business men, retaining Cruikshank as editor until the next year when he assumed complete con- trol of the editorial management. In the autumn of 1903, H. F. Henrichs. publisher of the Bunker Hill News sold the paper to Willis B. Powell, who in 1905 also purchased the Bunker Hill Gazette from Phil C. Hansen consolidating the two papers, with, himself as publisher and editor, and Hansen as assistant editor, the publication being know n as the Gazette-News. Edwin Wilson of Mason City purchased the combined papers in 1906, remaining as publisher until 1908 when he sold to James H. Truesdale, who pub- lished and edited the paper for 17 vears. Elmer and Dalia M. doff, the present pub ishers, purchased the Gazette-News from Mr. Truesdale in 1 92 > . This paper is a wceklv organ, issued every Friday. It is Republican in politics. Circulation, 1175. .I.- Advertising rate: foreign, under 100 inches, plate, 2 5c; hand set, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. TAMPICO TORNADO: Established 1876 by G. L. GifFord. Henry J. Kolb, editor and publisher since December, 1931. Tampico, population, 693. Located in Whiteside County, 40 miles northeast of Rock Island. C. B. & Q.; H. Y. & T. R.R.'s. Some timber. Agriculture. The Tampico To -nado is a weekly publication, issued every Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. George Isher- wood and N. E. Deniso i are former owners of the Tornado. ( irculation, 75 0. Advertising rate: local. 20c; foreign. 25c. Subscription rate: local, s2.00; foreign. S2.00. Henry J. Kolb h uncus Newspaper Dibk mm and IIisioki PEKIN I R I I PRESS: Established 1876 by John Hoffman. Jacob Schm and publisher since 1914. Pekin, population, 16,096. County scat of Tazewell Count). located on the Illinois River, 10 miles south of Peoria. I.C.; C. &A.; C.&I.M.; A.T.&S.F.; C.C.C.&St.L.; P.&U.; P.R.T. R.R.'s. Manu- factures agricultural implements, wagons, industrial alcohol, hair tonics, perfumes, reed and pipe organs, paper and box board, steel grave yard vaults, leather products, steel tanks and boilers, cement block, grey iron and semi-steel castings, corn products, and yeast, flour, and malt. Coal mines. Ships grain and farm products. Agri- culture. The Free Press is published every Thursday and is Independent in political affiliation. Albeit Weiss was a former owner of this dt. editor paper- Circulation, 1600. Advertising rate: Subscription rate: foreign, 20c. 0; foreign, $2.00. | \< OB S, HMID1 PRINCETON, BUREAU COUNTY RECORD: I stablished 1880 by Thomas Kane. A. H. Unholz, owner and editor since 1916. Princeton, population, 4S82. County seat of Bureau County located 10S miles southwest of Chicago. C. B. & Q. R.R. Flour mills. Agriculture. The Bureau Count)' Record is a weekly publication, issued every Wednesday. It is Republican in politics. Previous to the time the paper was purchased by Mi. Unholz, it was owned by the Record Printing & Publishing Company. Circulation, 3600. Advertising rate: local, 2Sc; foreign, 3Jc. Subscription rate: local, si. SO; foreign, $1.50. SHELBYVILLE DAILY UNION: Established 1887 by H. 1. Martin. II. Taylor, editor and business manager. Owned bv Walter C. Headen, G Rhoads, and William H. Taylor. Shelby ville, population, 3491. County seat of Shelby Count)'. Located on the Kaskaskia River, 5 miles southeast of Springfield. C. CO & St. L.; C. & E. I. R.R.'s. Railway track tools, tractor ap- pliances, hay presses, rail benders, auto governors, hair pins and women's garments manufactured. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Daily Union is published by the Union Publishing C.m- p.iny. It is issued every day, with the exception of Sunday, and is Independent in political affiliation. A weekly paper is also pub lished under the same name. This publication was established bv J. W. Johnson in 1863. Early owners included Richard Crouch, P. T. Martin, and H. L. Martin. The weeklv publication appears every Thursday, and is Republican in politics. Circulation, daily 1278, weekly 860. Advertising rate: local, 26c; foreign, 26c. Subscription rate: daily, local, \4.00 (by mail), 10c per week (b) $4.00 (by mail). Weekly: local, si. SO; foreign, $1.50. W illiam .■orgc B. foreign. 447 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History QUINCY HERALD-WHIG AND JOURNAL: Established 183 5. C. F. Eichen- auer, editor. Ray M. Oakley, manager. A. O. Lindsay, director of sales. Owned by Quincy Newspapers, Inc. Quincy, population, 39,221. County seat of Adams County, located on the Mississippi River, 110 miles northwest of St. Louis, Missouri. C. B. & Q.; Wabash; Q. O. & K. C. R.R.'s. Bridge and ferry to West Quincy. Important manufacturing and commercial center. Flour mills; brick and stove works; foundries. Elevator, pump, air compressor, incubator, store fixtures, stock food, egg case, paper, furniture, trunk, and lime manufactories. Illinois State Sailors' and Soldiers' Home. The first paper to be established in Quincy was the Bounty Land Register, which was founded in the early nineteenth century. In 1836, John H. Pettit, an ardent Quincy booster, purchased this paper and changed the name to the Quincy Argus and Bounty Land Register. In 1841 the name became the Quincy Herald, which it remained until the consolidation of the Herald-Whig and Journal. The Herald became a daily in 1SU). In 1891 Charles L. Miller. Edmond M. Botsford, and Hadley J. Eaton be- C. F. Eichenauir came the publishers. When Mr. Miller later left the paper, Botsford and Eaton remained as pub- lishers for nearly 2 5 years. The paper became an evening edition during 1893, later printing a morning and evening paper. The Quincy Whig was established in 1838 by three young lawyers, Maior H. Sullivan, Nehemiah Bushnell, and A. Johnson. The Whig be- came a daily in 18 52, the first edition printed being a six-column four-page paper. The Republican, founded in 18 57 was consolidated with the Whig the following year, the paper then being known as the Quincy Whig and Republican. The first evening edition of the Whig was published April 9, 1860; in 1868 the paper became a morn- ing publication again; and in 1873 changed back to an evening edition. Later it again became a morning paper. The Whig was taken over by a stock company in 1881, and in December 1915 the entire stock was sold to A. O. Lindsay, director of sales .'nd co-publisher of the present publication. It was during the turbulent political period following the assassination of President Garfield, that the Quincy Journal was founded in 188 3, by James H. Richardson and H. N. Wheeler. In 188 8 the Quincy Daily News was purchased by the Journal. Mr. Wheeler was for many years Ra\ M Oak managing director and editor of the Journal, and at the time of his death in 1916 was sole owner of the company. Upon his death, the newspaper was placed in the hands of trustees, with Mr. Wheeler's son, J. R. Wheeler, as manager of the business. The Whig Company purchased the Journal in 192 and for six years the paper was known as the Whig-Journal. The Whig- Journal and Herald were consolidated June 1, 1926, and the paper is now published by a corporation, Quincy Newspapers, Incorporated. The Herald-Whig publishes three papers — one an evening paper for the local readers, a morning paper for the rural districts, and a Sunday paper. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 29,5 18. Advertising rate: local, $1.75; foreign, lie per line, daily; 12c per line, Sunday. Subscription rate: local, $10.40; foreign, $10.40. A. O. I.1NI>S/\Y 448 Illinois Newspaper Dirmtory and History MIDDLETOWN LEDGER: Established 1904 by A. R. Allison as agent for .. stock company formed by a group of Middletown business men. Grant Heatherwick, owner and editor since 1909. Middletown, population, 507. Located in Logan County. 2 miles north of Springfield. C. & A. R.R. Coal mines. Agriculture. The first newspaper to be published at Middletown was one of a chain established in 1901 by W. W. Milby, now editor of the Mason City Banner Times. When this first paper was abandoned, two others soon put in an appearance, but as quickly disappeared. Not until 1904, when Rev. A. R. Allison began the experiment of the Ledger, was a newspaper permanent lv secured for the com- munity. For the past 22 years the Ledger has been under the present management. Middletown observed its 100th anniversary in 193 2, and while its size is not in keeping with its longevity, its early history is connected with the growth of Illinois. The Ledger, grant Hi uhu since 1904 has helped record that growth. This paper is a weekly publication, issued every Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 5 3 0. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, SI. 50; foreign, $2.00. MARION DAILY REPUBLICAN: Established 190S as the daily edition of the Marion Weekly Leader, established 1868. W. O. Paisley and Oldham Paisley, editors and owners. Marion, population, 9,03 3. Count) seat of Williamson County. Located 5 5 miles south of Centralia. M. & E.; C. & E. I.; I. C; M. P. R.R.'s. Powder, bottling and marble works; cold storage and creosoting plants, creameries. Coal mines. Ships poultry. Fruit, poultry, general farming. The Marion Daily Republican has been published by the Paisleys, father and son. since they purchased it on August 21, 1^15. \V. O. Paisley has been the editor And man- ager continuously since that time, and Lt. Col. Oldham Paisley has been the managing editor, except during the two years He served in the World War. Since they purchased the prop- erty, the plant has been expanded until it occu- pies double the floor space it did before, and the newspaper has increased until it averages four times the number of columns published in each edition, with five times the circulati in, and six times the amount of advertising earned. As the name would imply the paper is Repub- lican in its affiliation but without connection \\ O. Paislei with any factions. The Marion Weekly Leader, Oldham Paislei which traces its origin back to 1S68, is printed from the same plant. Circulation, 3003 (Republican), 650 (Leader). Advertising rate: national, .02 5 per agate line. Subscription rate: carrier, S6.00 (Republican); mail, $5.00 ( Republican ) ; $1.00 (Leader). 449 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History HUTSONVILLE HERALD: Established 1891 by H. \\". Metcalfe. P. E. Huff- lan, present editor and publisher. Hutsonville, population, 610. Located in Crawford County on the Wabash River, 3 miles below Terre Haute, Ind C. C. C. & St. L. R.R. Hardwood lumber and flour mills; grain elevators; live stock; agriculture. The Herald numbers among its early owners H. W. Metcalfe, Frank Kopta, T. S. Apgar, F. E. Todd, A. W. Anderson, and J. J. Durham. It is a weekly, Independent publication. Circulation, 5 00. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c. P.E.Huffman Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. •LA GRANGE CITIZEN: Established 190 5 by William W. Loomis, present editor. Vernon Nickless, business manager. Owned by the Citizen Publishing Company, of LaGrange. LaGrange, population, 10,102, and La- Grange Park, population, 298 5 and twin vil- lages. Situated in Cook County, 14 miles southwest of Chirago. C. B. & Q. R.R. Larg- est trading center between Chicago and Aurora. Suburban residence town. The LaGrange Citizen is recognized as one of the outstanding weekly papers in Illinois. It averages 1 8 pages weekly, and is the only lo:al paper published at LaGrange. The Citizen is issued eve'.)' Thursday, and is Republican in politics. The Citizen Publishing Company, headed by Mr. Loomis and Mr. Nickless, is the y owner of 4 papers, all of which are published at the plant in LaGrange. Advertising rate: local, 5 0c; foreign, $1.00. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. Circulation, 3950. \\ . I, s t on Nickless Jami s M. Emerson Sc, W, tern Springs I PATOKA REGISTER: Established 1907 by L. F. Zimmerman. James M. Emerson, owner and publisher. Pitoka, population, 546. Located in Marion County, 16 miles north of Ccntralia. I. C. R.R. Bri:k and tile yard; flour mill; canning factory. Grain, fruit, and dairy farming. This paper is a weekly publication, appearing ever) Friday. It is Republican in politics. Circulation, 1200. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, sl.00; foreign, $1.00. in... Riverside New.; Brookfield Suburban-Magnet. 450 Illinois Newspaper Dikmioio and History BEARDSTOWN [LLINOIAN-STAR: Established 1880 by Cad Allard. C. A. Schaeffer, (deceased) editor. I.. G. Schaeffer, business manager. Owned by the Schaeffer Publishing Company. Beardstown, population, 63 5 3. Situated in Cass Countv on the Illinois River. 46 mil js west northwest of Springfield. B. & O. ; C B. & Q. R.R.'s. Steamboat connection. Flour mills; railroad shops. Commercial fisheries. Agriculture. The Illinoian-Star numbers among its va- rious owners, Cad Allard, Si'., J. S. Nicholson, F. E. Nicholson, and F. M. Fulks. In 19 14 C. A. and L. G. Schaeffer formed a partnership and took over the management of the paper, publishing it under the firm name of the < V. Schaeffer Schaeffer Publishing Company. The Illinoian- Star is printed daily, with the c\ reption oJ Sunday. It is Independent in politics. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 3c per line. Subscription rale: local, $5.00 (per year), 15c (per week). 1 . G. S< II U I I I R Circulation, 2662. WEST SALEM ADVOCATE: Established 1900 by W. S. I been the editor and publisher since that date. Mi. and Mrs. \\ . S. West Salem, population, S25. Situated in Edwards County, 4S miles northwest of Evansvillc, Ind. I. C. R.R. Fruit, dairy, and general farming. Tlie West Salem Advocate is a weekly publication, appearing eve v Wednesday. It is Independent in its political affiliation. Th: present publisher has been in complete charge of the Advocate since its establishment 32 years ago. Circulation, 6.3 5. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, si. 00; foreign, <.1.25. :hlcy, , ha men Mks. .i i i i I I i i i i PIPER CITY JOURNAL: Established 1897 by \. W. Km sey. Mrs. Nelle E. Perry, editor .\nd publisher since September, 1929. Piper City, population, 650. Located in lord County, 76 miles east of Peoria. T. P. & W. R.R. Grain farming. The Piper City Journal is a weekly paper, issued every Thurs- day. It is Independent in politics. This paper was owned by Charles E. Gilpin from 1900 until his death in 1929, at which time it w.-.s taken over by Ins daughter, Mrs. Nelle E. Perry. Circulation, 600. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, si. 5 0; foreign, si. 5 0. 451 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History JERSEYVILLE, JERSEY COUNTY DEMOCRAT: Established 18 $1 Selby. Joseph M. Page, owner, editor, and publisher for over 50 years. Jerseyville, population, 43 04. Located 20 miles northwest of Alton in Jersey County. C. & A.; C. S. & St. L. R.R.'s. Shoe fac- tory. Agriculture; raising of pure bred stock. The Jersey County Democrat is one of the outstanding papers in Illinois, publishing a daily afternoon edition and a weekly edition on Thursday. As the name indicates, this paper is Democratic in political affiliation. J. I. McGready and Whitlock & Burr have been owners of the Jersey County Democrat at various times in its history. Circulation, 18 00. Advertising rate: local, 15c, 2 5c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; Daily and Weekly, $5.00. Jos by T. J. *HOPEDALE TIMES-REVIEW: Established 18 87 by E. M. Garlick. E. G. Kilby, owner since 192 8. Washington Printing Company, publisher. Hopedale, population, 496. Located in Tazewell County, 23 miles west of Bloom- ington. C. & A. R.R. Agriculture. Live stock. The Times-Review was owned by E. E. Wadsworth for several years prior to 1928, when it was purchased by the present owner. R. F. Maurer is editor and business manager. Circulation, 6 5 7. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. KEWANEE STAR-COURIER: Established 1876 by Dr. C. N. Whitney. Philip D. Adler, editor and publisher. Star-Courier Company, owner. Kewanee, population, 17,091. Situated in Henry County, 30 miles northeast of Galesburg. C. B. & Q. R.R. Boiler, valve, pump, planter, glove, mitten, farm implement, and coal chute factories. Coal mines in the vicinity. Agriculture. Dr. C. N. Whitney, founder of the Star-Courier, leased the paper in 1879 to Chesley and Brothers, printers from Vermont; it was purchased by T. H. Chesley in 18 82. During the time he was connected with the paper, Mr. Chesley had as his partners aft. Jk at various times Mr. Chandler and Rev. Delano. For a time the H^A I papei was in the hands of ( harles Henderson, but was purchased again by Mr. Chesley who consolidated the Courier with the Star and also with the job plant of Ball and Walters. A stock company was formed at this time and when Mr. Chesley sold his interest on account of ill health, Xenophon Caverno became holder of the controlling interest. Leo H. Lowe purchased the paper and was publisher until 1926. Since that date Philip D. Adler has been editor and publisher. The Star-Courier is published daily with the exception of Sunday, and is Independent Republican in politics. Circulation, 9100. Advertising rate: local, 70c (open); foreign, 70c (flat). Subscription rate: local, $7.5 0; foreign, $4.00, $6.00. ♦See also Washington, Tazewell County Reporter. Philip D. Adler 452 Illinois Newspaper Directors and History KANKAKEE PROGRESSIVE ERA: Established 1924 by Rev. H.irry Anderson, who has been the owner and editor since that date. The Progressive Era is .1 weekly publication, appearing every Saturday. It is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 1327. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. Charles E. Ward ODELL WEEKLY NEWS: Established 1915 by Hudson and Hines. Charles E. Ward, owner and business manager since 1922. Eda L. Ward, editor. Odell, population, 898. Situated in Livingston County, 40 miles southwest of Joliet. C. & A. R.R. Agriculture. Live stock raising. The Odell Weekly News as the name implies, is a weekly publication. It is published every Thursday, and is Independent in politics. Hudson & Hines were former owners of this paper. Circulation, 647. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 15c, Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. HYDE PARK HERALD: Established 1881 by L. B. Sherman. Spencer W. Castle, owner and publisher. The Hyde Park Herald is a weekly publication, issued every Friday. It is Independent in political affiliation, former owners of this paper have included Rupert B. Smart, V. B. Morris, Louis B. Sherman, Morris L. Vitter and Charles P. Root. Circulation, 6 5 00. Advertising rate: local, '>1.2 5; foreign, $1.25. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, S1.00. 'GOLDEN NEW ERA: Established 1891 by Frank Hillyer. frank Groves, present owner, editor, and publisher. Golden, population, 563. Situated in Adams County, 27 miles northeast of Quincy. C. B. & Q.; Wabash R.R. Seed sower factory. Hatchery. The first paper to be published at Golden was the Advance established in 1889 b\ R. L. and W. E. Anderson. This was succeeded by the New Era two vears later. Mrs. Rella Wible is a former owner of this paper. The New Era is Independent in politics, and is issued every Thursday. Circulation, 800. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, SI. 25; foreign, $1.25. •See jlso Clayton Enterprii 453 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History PEORIA JOURNAL-TRANSCRIPT: Consolidated 1916 by Henry Means Pindell. Published by the Peoria Journal-Transcript, Inc. Mrs. Henry M. Pindell, president. Carl P. Slane, vice president and treasurer. Merle Slane, secretary. F. A. Stowe, editor- in-chief. Owned by the Estate of Henry M. Pindell, Carl P. Slane, and Merle Slane. Peoria, population, 104,78 8. County seat of Peoria County, located on the Illinois River, 160 miles southwest of Chicago. Rail- road center. Barge line terminal. Manufactures commercial sol- vents, Caterpillar tractors, lawn sprinklers, washing machines, male products, agricultural implements, food products, clothing, barrels, paper goods, furnaces, oil burners, candies, cereals, stock feeds, steel, and wire fence. Beef and pork packing plants. Large grain ele- vators. In the heait of a coal mining region. Bradley Polytechnic Institute. The Peoria Journal, the Peoria Transcript, and the Sunday Journal-Transcript are pioneers in the newspaper field in Peoria and Central Illinois. The final consolidation of the papers was c p s effected in 1916 by Henry M. Pindell, veteran owner, editor, and publisher who had been associated with the upbuilding of the Peoria Transcript, the Peoria Journal, and the Peoria Herald, which have, through successive mergers, contributed to the present organization. The Transcript was founded in 185 5 by William Rousenville and N. C. Nasan. The Journal, an afternoon paper, was established in 1877 by J. B. Barnes and E. F. Baldwin. Mr. Pindell, who had come to Peoria in 1889, founded the Peoria Herald and purchased the Transcript, consolidating the two. In 1900 he sold them and purchased the Journal, buying back the Herald- Transcript in 1916 to organize the present afternoon and evening papers and the com- bined Sunday paper. From 1916 the papers entered on their greater period of expan- sion. In 1920, the present large, and very modern newspaper plant was occupied by the Pindell papers, and since then it has been enlarged and further improved. Follow- ing the death of Mr. Pindell in 1924, it was found that a will created a trust estate of the Journal and the Transcript, which is now known as the Peoria Journal-Tran- script, Inc. Circulation, (Journal-Transcript) 39,778, (Sunday) 37,022. Advertising rare: local, 10c per line; foreign, 10c per line. Subscription rate: local, s,9.00; foreign, $10.00. PECATONICA NEWS: Established 1872 by Willi, Gilbert F. Colby, editor and publisher since 1904. Pecatonica, population, 1152. Located in Winnebago County, 14 miles west of Rockford. C. & N. W. R.R. Milk condensary. Diversified farming. The News has been in the Colby family for the 5 years of its existence. It was first owned by the firm of Colby Brothers, Nate L. Colby succeeding the firm in 18 80. Gilbert F. Colby, the present owner, succeeded his father in 1904. The News is published weekly, with publication on Friday. It is Republican in politics. Circulation, 1000. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, s2.00; foreign, s2.00. A. and Nate L. Colby. 454 Iiiimhs Newspaper Directory and Hisiori PEORIA 1 VI \l\(, STAR: I stablished 1897 by Eugene F. Baldwin and Charles H. Powell. Now owned by the Peoria Star Company. Mrs. Fannie G. Baldwin, president. Seymour A. Oakley was editor-in-chief until his death April 3, 1933. Charles B. Smith. present editor-in-chief. The Star, from the time of its founding, until the death of Eugene F. Baldwin in 1914, was under his management and editorship. Due to his indomitable courage. his sense of fairness, and a determination to make his paper the organ of the common people, the Star early became one of the best known and most widely circulated papers outside of Chicago. On the death of Mr. Baldwin, the late Harry M. Powell succeeded to the managership of the Star and S. A. Oakley became editor. Under Mr. Powell's management the paper made rapid progress, and on his death early in 1920, Mrs. Fannie G. Baldwin formed a Board of Managers, which publishes the Star. This board is made up of four of the heads of departments in the Star organization and during the ten years of its life has proved extremely successful, despite early pre- dictions that the "Peoria experiment" as it was called by newspaper publishers everywhere, would prove impractical. The board is com- posed of Clarence Eyster, chairman, circulation manager; May B. Finney, secretary-treasurer; Louis Proehl, advertising manager, and, Seymour A. Onm at the time the board was formed, S. A. Oakley, editor. This paper is published daily, including Sunday, and is Independent in politics. Circulation, 33,139 daily, is, 662 Sunday. Advertising rate: foreign, lie; 2J00 lines 9'_.c, J000 lines 8c. Subscription rate: local. Daily $7.00, Daily and Sunday, $9.00; foreign, Dail) $5.00, Daily .\nd Sunday, $9.00. PINCKNEYVILLE DEMOCRAT: Established 1880 by William E. Penny. L. B. Sheley. editor and publisher since 1929. The Democrat was founded in 1880 by William E. Penny, whose brother J. J. Penny, was associated with him for some time. The next owner was former State Senator Roy Alden, who pur- chased the paper in 1892. O. E. Meyer followed Mr. Alden. and was succeeded by Thomas Baxter, who in turn sold the paper to Joseph E. Brey in 1909. Mr. Brey was the continuous owner from ^^ ,>- that date until 1929 when the Democrat was purchased by the ^H^k present publisher. The plant from which William Penny hist j. ! J^^\ started the paper, was formerly the Independent, established in JWA.L Pinckneyville about 1875 by E. C. H. Willoughby. This paper B^Hl was suspended in 1881. The Democrat as it is coda) is an 8 to ^^^^^^^^^^^ 12 page paper, published every Thursday. It is Independent Demo- L. B. Sheley cratic in politics. Circulation, 2063. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 25c; composition or casting. Jc per inch extra Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, n2.50. 455 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History ONARGA LEADER & REVIEW: Established 1894 by Palmer & Gilbert. R. R. and R. H. Carter, owners and editors. Onarga, population, 1456. Situated in Iroquois County, 30 miles southwest of Kankakee, on I. C. R.R. and Routes 2 5 and 48. Iroquois Canning Corporation: Onarga Nursery Company; Gould Peony farm. Onarga Military School. C. E. Carter R. H. Carter The Leader & Review is a consolidation of the Review, founded in 1872 by E. W. Warren and the Leader, founded by John Lowe in 1885. The Leader & Review is a weekly publication and is Republican in politics. Previous owners of this paper have included Palmer & Gilbert, Gilbert & Owen, and C. E. Carter. Circulation, SOU. Advertising rate: local, 20, 2 5c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. PEORIA DAILY RECORD: Established 192 5 by George C. Cramer and E. E. Soules. Owned by the Record Publishing Company, George C. Cramer, president. E. E. Soules, secretary and treasurer. George E. Johnson, editor. The Peoria Daily Record is published every morning with the exception of Sunday, and is Independent in politics. This paper was founded as the result of an idea that Peoria, then a city of approxi- mately 90,000, was in definite need of a compact and concise legal publication, giving not only city statistics, but calendars and min- utes of proceedings in all courts, probate mat- ters, instruments recorded, and news matter of a business nature. This is the second news- paper of its kind in Illinois, the other being the Chicago Municipal Law Review. At the time of its founding, Peoria was the smallest city in the United States to have a paper of Georgi 1 Fohnson t ^ 1 ' s r yP e ' w ' tn lts peculiar appeal to business and professional men. There are now approxi- mately 40 daily newspapers of this kind affiliated with the Asso- ciated Court and Commercial Newspapers. Circulation, 5 00. Advertising rate: local, 5 0c; foreign, 5 6c. Subscription rate: local, $12; foreign, $12; in advance, $11. George C 456 Iiiinois Newspaper Dirlc tory and History CARLINYilll, MACOUPIN COUNTY ENQUIRER: Established 1872 by E. A. Snivel)'. C. J. Lumpkin, owner, editor, and publisher. Carlinville, population, 4,144. County seat of Macoupin County, located 3 8 miles southwest of Springfield. C. & A. R.R. Tile and monument works; brickyard. Blackburn College (Presbyterian) ; coal mine; clay pits. Agriculture. The Macoupin County Enquirer is published both daily, with the exception of Sunday, and weekly from the plant at Carlinville. Both papers are strictly Democratic in political affiliation, having been consistently Democratic since 1872. J. W. Lumpkin, father of the present publisher, took charge of the Enquirer in 1886, with C. J. Lumpkin as co-publisher. The partnership continued until 1903, when the present editor became the sole proprietor. Other owners of the Macoupin County Enquirer have included the Macoupin Democrat Printing Company and E. B. Buck. Circulation, daily, 92 3; weekly, 1950. Advertising rate, local, daily 20c, weekly 25c, foreign, daily 24c, weekly JOc. Subscription rate: local, daily 3c per copy, weekly 5c per copy; foreign, daily $5.00, weekly $2.00. J. Lumpkin Low Aim Sp u i ii CARLYLE DEMOCRAT: Established 1929 by Edward Spaeth. Edward Spaeth and Dorothy M. Spaeth, owners and editors. Carlyle, population, 2,078. County seat of Clinton County. Located on Kaskaskia River, 48 miles east of Saint Louis, Missouri. B. & O. R. R. Flour, paper, lumber and shoe manufactories. Trading center. Agriculture. The Carlyle Democrat is a weekly publication, issued ever) Thursday. Since the time of its establishment it has been under the sole management of Edward Spaeth. The Democrat, as the name indicates, is Democratic in political affiliation. Circulation, 1400. Advertising rate: local. 2i)c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $1.00. GRANVILLE, PUTNAM COUNTY RECORD: Consolidated 1927 by \\". I. Hawthorne, who has been editor and publisher since that date. Granville, population, 949. Located in Putnam County. 9 miles southwest of 1 ..Salle. N. Y. C; C. M. St. P. & Pac. R.R.'s. Raincoat factory. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Putnam County Record is a consolidation of the Granville Echo, established 1905 by \\". E. Hawthorne, and the Putnam Record, established 186S by I. H. Cook at Hennepin. The paper is a weekly publication, issued every Thursday, and is Republican in politics. Circulation, 1000. Advertising rate: local. 25c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, s2.00; foreign, $2.00, plus postage. \y. e. Hawthorne Illinois Newspaper Directory and History CHATSWORTH PLAINDEALER: Established 1873 by C. W. Holmes. Owned by S. J. Porterfield, A. A. Raboin, and K. R. Porterfield. Chatsworth, population, 981. Situated in Livingston County, 42 miles northeast of Bloomington. T. P. & W.; I. C. R.R.'s. Tile and brickworks; sheet metal products factory. Agriculture. The Chatsworth Plaindealer is a weekly publication, appearing every Thursday. It is Republican in its political affiliation. This paper was purchased by S. J. Porterfield in 1919. In 1923 A. A. Raboin became associated with Mr. Porterfield in the publication of the Plaindealer, serving as co-editor and manager. K. R. Porterfield serves as co- manager and foreman of the composing room, and also owns a part interest in the paper. Circulation, 105 5. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 24c. Subscription rate: local, S.2.00; foreign, 't.2.50. ift \ -• DECATUR WEEKLY NEWS: Established 1920 by the Decatur Trades and Labor Assembly and 21 local unions. Russell Trainer, editor and business manager since October, 1931. Decatur, population, 57,5 10. County seat of Macon County. Located on Lake Decatur, 3 8 miles east of Springfield. I. O; Wab.; B. & O; Pa. R.R.'s. Manufactures brass plumbing goods, vitreous ware, automobile accessories, agricultural implements, office fixtures, ^ ~^^T steel tanks, heating supplies, corn products, soy-bean meal and oil packers, creamery products, gas and electric fixtures, pharmaceutical ^^BH products, brick, wallpaper, oil burner supplies. James Millikin Uni- versity and School of Music, Decatur College of Music. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Weekly News plant was moved from Macon to Decatur in 1920. This paper is owned by organized labor, and is published in the interests of all labor, organized or unorganized. The Weekly News is issued every Thursday, and is Independent in politics. Circulation, 2000. Advertising rate: local, 50c (open), 40c (contract); foreign, 50c (open); 40c (contract) . Subscription rate: local, h.2.00; foreign j>2.00. 4 ■ Municipally owned power and water plant. Home of the Hinsdale j&;\ Sanitarium; Godair Memorial Old People's Home; Suzanne King L. «r PH Bruwaert Home. Township High School; three grade schools. Four ■? golf courses, Oak Brook Polo Club, (t— ^H The Hinsdale Doings was established in " ^| 189 5 by Daniel H. Merrill, then 17 years old. ^H The paper at that time was published by the B ^H Merrill Printing Company, with F. M. Merrill ^H as owner. Following the death oi his father ^^^*-^^^H ; n 1908, Daniel Merrill took over the Merrill Chas. D. F. Merrill Printing Company. In the ensuing years the newspaper and job department kept pace with a growing community, enlarging from a four-page, 6x9 publica- tion, to a five-column, 17 inch, 16 and 14-page publication. The Hinsdale Doings is a weekly paper, issued every Thursday. It is Independent in politics. Circulation, 2 300. Advertising rate: local, 50c; foreign, 65c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. 460 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Thomas J. Lee MARISSA MESSENGER: Established 1888 by John W. Wells. Thomas J. Lee, editor and owner since 1925. Marissa, population, 1627. Located in Saint Clair Count\. 2*^ miles southeast of Belleville. I. C. R.R. Mines. Agriculture. The Messenger is published every Thursday and is Republican in political affiliation. I). I . Lee and Mrs. Coulter are among the former owners of this paper. Circulation, 2800. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, SI. 50; foreign. $2.00. HAVANA, MASON COUNTY DEMOCRAT: Established 1849 by McKenzie and Roberts. R. Roy Bruning, owner, editor and publisher from March, 1919 until his death May 2, 1933. Ralph M. Weeks, present editor. Havana, population, 3445. Situated in Mason County on the Illinois River, 41 miles southwest of Peoria. I. C; C. & I. M. R.R.'s. Bridge to West Havana. Plow share, oil burner, metal wheel, gaso- line engine, cutlery and marine engine factories. Summer resort. Some hardwood timber. Agriculture. The Mason County Democrat was first established by McKen- zie and Roberts, as the Mason County Herald and sold in 18 53 to O. H. Wright. He was succeeded by E. L. Grubb and Stout and W'eeden, Stout later becoming the sole owner. From 1S59-1861 the paper was known as the Squatter Sovereign. When it was pur- chased by John B. Wright in 1861 the name was changed to the Post; under the ownership of S. Weeden the paper became the True Unionist; and with W. W. Stout as editor the name was R. Rov Bruning again changed, this time to the Volunteer. These papers eventually were discontinued or consolidated with the Democrat Clarion. The Mason County Democrat was so named by Mounts and Murdock and has retained this caption up to the present day. Previous owners of this paper have included S. K. Strother, Matthew Boll.in. John A. Melhop and S. A. Murdock. This paper is a weekly publication, issued every Friday. It is Democratic in political affiliation. Circulation, 2585. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 40c. Subscription rate: local, S2.00; foreign, S2.00. c. e. Hamilton- Martinsville PLANET: Established May 1. 1884 by Porter and Shepherd. C. E. Hamilton, owner, editor and publisher since 1928. Martinsville, population, 1206. Situated in Clark Countv, 2s miles southwest of Terre Haute, Ind. P. R.R. Oil pumping station and storage tank farm. Oil and gas wells. Agriculture, livestock. The Martinsville Planet is a weekly publication, issued even* Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 88 5. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, SI. 50. 461 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History JERSEYVILLE, JERSEY COUNTY NEWS: Established 1863 by E. P want. C. B. Pinkerton and W. B. Tictsort, owners and publishers. Jerseyville, population, 4,309. County seat of Jersey County, located 29 miles northwest of Alton. C. & A.; C. S. & St. L. R.R.'s. Shoe fac- tory. Agriculture, pure bred stock. The Jersey County News is a weekly pub- lication, issued every Thursday. It is R.-pub i- c.in in politics. Former owners of this paper have included Col. G. P. Smith. Chapin & Glover, William H. Edgar, Morris R. Locke, F. M. Roberts, Mr. Hedley, Frank Ladd, J. W. Becker, C. F. Kurz, and Pinkerton Brothers. Mr. Pinkerton has been associated with the B. Pinkerton News since 1915, and Mr. Tictsort, since 1924. Circulation, 3266. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, S2.50. Haugha- LANSING JOURNAL: Established 193 1 by C. C. Wulfing, who is the present editor and owner. Lansing, population, 3,378. Located in Cook County, 15 miles south of Chicago. Pa. R.R. The Lansing Journal is one of the newest papers in the state, having been founded July 16, 1931. This paper is a weekly publica- tion, appearing every Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. The Journal is published at the southwest edge of the Calumet indust to the south. Circulation, 1200. Advertising rate: local Subscription rate: loca district and al also readies hes the farming sections 3 5c; foreign, 40c. S2.00; foreign, s2.00. MOUNT MORRIS INDEX: Established 189 3 by Charles J. Cog Thomas, owner, editor, and publisher since 1930. Mount Morris, population, 2020. Located in Ogle County, 26 miles southeast of Freeport. C. B. & Q. R.R. Printing and publishing house. Mount Morris College. Agriculture. The Mount Morris Index was purchased from the original owner in 1898 by Kable Brothers Company, which firm grew to the extent that it now prints more than 300 fraternal publications monthly. The Index, with which Harry and Harvey Kable started their business career, was sold in 1930 to the present owner. This is a weekly publication, issued every Friday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 13 50. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 35c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $3.00. W. H. 462 Illinois Newspaper Directors and History ORANGEVILLE COURIER: Established 1883 by W. H. McCall and D. M. Winter. H. U. Hartzell, owner, editor, and publisher since 1890. Stiver Clay, editor. Orangeville, population, 3 8 3. Situated in Stephenson County. 14 miles north of Ireeport. State Route 74. I. C. R.R. Good dairying community. Borden Condensed Milk plant. Crist mill. A griculture. The predecessor of the Courier was first known as the Alert. It was published bv .McCall & Winter for a short time. Winter soon relinquishing his interest to McCall. who continued publica- tion for several years. In 1889 the plant was purchased by L. I. Hutchms who named the paper the Courier. The following year the Courier was taken over by the present owner who has been publisher since that date. The Courier is a weekly paper, issued every Friday. It is Independent in politics. ,, ,, ,, Circulation, 600. 1 1. L. 11 VR i/i i i . , . . . . _, , Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign. 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. OREGON, OGLE COUNTY REPORTER: Established 1851 by R. C. Burchell. Frank R. Robinson, editor and owner. Olive Lione Robinson, society editor. Oregon, population, 2373. Situated in Ogle County on the Rock River, 101 miles west of Chicago. C. B. & Q. R.R. Water-power. ^.^ Manufactures condensed milk, flour, pianos, \ % B ^/ ; piano plates, traveling bags, steel punchi ^B* iron castings. Silica plant. Agriculture. m, ' The Ogle County Reporter, a weekly Re- >^^^ i publican paper is issued every Wednesday Since ^^L ^Bh 1905 this paper has been owned and edited b\ ^k B. A frank R. Robinson. Previous to that tim.' it M/ ' m was published as follows: 18H-53, R. C. ^*\\\\\\\\Wi\\WWm Burchell; 1853-57, Mortimer W. Smith; 1S>"X. Edward H. Leggitt; 1861-68. John Sharp; 1869, M. W. Smith; 1870-71, C. L. Miller. J. P. Miller, and W. H. Gardner; 1872-99, T. O. Johnston, and 1900 Circulation, 175 5. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, S3. 00. I k \nk R. Robinson Olive L. Robi\«'s 5. F. J. Schatzle. MILTON BEACON: Established 1906 by Karl I). Hum, who has been owner and editor since that date. Milton, population, 34S. Located in Pike Countv, 12 miles east by southeast of Pittsfield. nearest railroad station. Wabash R.R. Agriculture. The Beacon is a weekly publication, appearing every Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 475. Advertising rate: local. 15c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, S1.00; foreign, $1.00. k\RI D. Hi SI Illinois Newspaper Directory and History OHIO HERALD: Established 1890 by P. P. Michael. John T. Boyd, publisher. Maude L. Boyd, owner. Ohio, population, 510. Located in Bureau County, 2 5 miles northwest of LaSalle. C. B. & Q. R.R. Creamery. Agriculture. The Herald is a weekly publication, issued every Friday. It is Independent Republican in political affiliation. F. Taylor and Ivan Connor were former owners of this paper. Circulation, 900. Advertising rate: local, 2Sc; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. John T. Boyd F. F. McNauchton PEKIN TIMES: Established 1881 by Joseph B. Irwin. F. F. McNaughton, owner, editor, and publisher since 1927. Pekin, population, 16,129. County seat of Tazewell County. Located on Illinois River, 10 miles south of Peoria. I. C; C. & A.; C. & I. M.; A. T. & S. F.; C. C. C. & St. L.; P. & P. U.; P. R. T: R.R.'s. Manufactures agricultural implements, wagons, industrial alcohol, perfumes, hair tonics, reed and pipe organs, paper and box board, grey iron and semi-steel castings, steel graveyard vaults, leather products, steel tanks, boilers, cement blocks, corn products, yeast, flour and malt. Coal mines. Ships grain and farm products. Agri- culture. The Daily Times was first established years before 1881, as a weekly paper. Early owners included A. W. Rodecker, Herget Brothers, T. McGiflin Brothers, and G. E. Gunderson. The Times is published every afternoon, with the exception of Sunday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 4800. Advertising rate: local, 40c; foreign, 49c. Subscription rate: local, $7.00; foreign, $4.00, $5.00. MILLEDGEVILLE FREE PRESS: Established 188 5 by W. L. and J. P. Hunter. John D. Magill, owner and editor since March 17, 1927. Milledgeville, population, 807. Located in Carroll County. 2 5 miles south southwest of Freeport and 2 3 miles southeast of Savanna. C. B. & Q. R.R. Cheese factory. Agriculture. The Free Press during its years of existence has been owned at various times by A. T. Cowan, W. L. Puterbaugh, and also by the Mirror Democrat of Mount Carroll, 111. This is a weekly paper, appearing every Thursday, and is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 700. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 27c. Subscription rate: local, s.2.00; foreign, $2.00. 464 John D. Magill Illinois Ni w si> aim k Diki< i'orv and History POCAHONTAS NEWS-PATRIOT: Established 1898 by L. C. Heim. Sylvester Clayton, editor and publisher since 1923. Pocahontas, population, 986. Situated in Bond County, 10 miles southwest of Greenville. P. R.R. Flour mill Coal mines. Live stock. Agriculture. The News-Patriot was first established in 1898 as the Poca- hontas Press. The paper was sold by the founder to Fred Plog in 1905, Mr. Plog in turn disposing of it to Henry Kelly in 1912. Two years later George Adams became editor, selling to J. G. Ham- ilton in 19 16, at which time the paper received its present name. S. Clayton took over the News-Patriot in 1923, installing all new equipment, including a linotype, and automatic and color presses. This paper is a weekly, published every Friday. Circulation, 450. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 20c, plus 5c for comp. Subscription rate: local, Si. 50 per year; foreign, Si. 50. S. Clay '•PAXTON DAILY & WEEKLY RECORD: Establisheed 1S65 H. A. Stevens, publisher since 1912; Harold H. Stevens, editor; Hi business manager. Paxton, population, 3142. County seat of Ford County, located 103 miles south of Chicago. I. C; N. Y. C. & St. L. R.R.'s. Furniture, garment, broom, and canning factories. Ships live stock and farm produce. Agriculture. The Paxton Daily Record is published every afternoon, with the exception of Sunday. The weekly paper is issued every Thurs- day. The Record enjoys the distinction of being the oldest busi- ness institution in Ford County. Circulation, daily 1000, weekly 3700. Advertising rate: local, daily 20c, weekly 30c; foreign, daily and weekly, same. Subscription rate: local, daily $5.00, weekly $2.00; foreign, $2.50. by N. F. rbert N. Ste\ ens. Stevens, ROCKTON HERALD: Established 1873 by W. D. Mathews. R. I. Balsley, owner, editor, and publisher since 1912. Rockton, population, 1050. Situated in Winnebago Count)-, 3 miles south of the Wisconsin state line. C. M. St. P. & Pac. R.R. Also served daily by Greyhound bus line. Greenhouse. Sand and molding sand pits. Agriculture. The Macktown Forest preserve is located here and is on the concrete highway. An 18-hole golf course is maintained at the preserve. Among the various owners of the Rockton Herald are E. I. Carr, Frank Graves, Rev. C. J. Eddy, and Roy L. Seright. This paper is a weekly publication, appearing every Thursday. It is Republican R. I. Balsley political affiliation. Circulation, 410. Advertising rate: Subscription rate local. foreign, 25i -5; foreign. 465 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History SHELBYVILLE DEMOCRAT: Established 1872 by J. William Lloyd and Dr. E. E. Waggoner. Isaac S. Storm and G. W. Cook, present owners and publishers. Isaac S. Storm, editor. Shelbyville, population, 3486. County seat of Shelby County, located on the Kaskaskia River, 5 miles southeast of Springfield. C. C. C. & St. L.; C. & E. I. R.R.'s. Railway track tools, tractor appliances, hay presses, rail benders, auto governors, hair pins, and women's garments manufactured. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Shelbyville Democrat was first established by Lloyd and Waggoner as the Independent, the name later being changed to Democrat when Dr. Waggoner was sole owner and publisher. Graybill Brothers & Co., was the name employed in 1887 when Thomas J. and George R. Graybill, together with G. W. Cook took possession of the Democrat. The senior Graybill later sold his interest, and the paper was published by George Graybill and Mr. Cook until 1902, when Mr. Graybill sold his interest to Isaac S. Storm. The firm name was then changed to The Democrat Com- pany, which it has remained until the present day. As the name indicates, this paper is Democratic in its political affiliation. It is published weekly, appearing every Thursday. Circulation, 1420. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 21 ' j c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. Isaac S. Storm G. W. Cook A. H. Click RIDGEFARM REPUBLICAN: Established 1887 by Frank J. Pasteur. A. H. Glick, editor, owner, and publisher since 191 J. Ridgefarm, population, 8 8 8. Located in Vermilion County, 17 miles south of Danville. Illinois Terminal R.R. System; N. Y. C. & St. L.; C. C. C. & St. L. R.R.'s. Creamery. Agriculture. The Republican is published every Wednesday, and is Inde- pendent in political affiliation. This paper has been in the Glick family for over a period of 30 years. Circulation, 612. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. STEWARDSON CLIPPER: Established 1886 by William Fagen. J. Edwin Hoyer, editor, publisher, and owner since 1928. Stewardson, population, 629. Located in Shelby County, 42 miles southeast of Decatur. N. Y. C. & St. L.; Wabash R.R.'s. Packing plant. Coal; timber. Agriculture. The Clipper is a weekly paper, issued every Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. John W. Bailey was a former owner of the Clipper. Circulation, 5 00. Advertising rate: Subscription rate local, 20c; foreign, 25c. local, $1.5 0; foreign, $1.50. 466 J. Edwin Hover Illinois Newspaper I)iiu< ioky and History SYCAMORE TRUE REPUBLICAN: Established 18 57 by O. P. Bassett. A. H. Resch, owner, editor and publisher since April, 1932. Sycamore, population, 4300. Situated in DeKalb County. 5 2 miles west of Chicago. Chicago Northwestern and Chicago Great \\ estern R.R.'s. Anaconda Wire and Cable Co., Turner Brass Works; Sycamore Preserve Works; Sycamore Kellman I aundry Machinery Works, and Ideal Commutator Co. Agriculture and dairying. The True Republican is a semi-weekly paper, published every Wednesday and Saturday. It is Republican in politics. Former k owners of this publication have included O. P. Bassett. Henry 1 . /T Boies, E. 1. Boies, Van G alder & Boies, and Boies & Resch. Following k^^^^ the death of E. I. Boies in 1930, the paper \\ as published by A. H. i^B!Bl Resch and owned jointly by Mr. Resch and the Estate of E. I. Boies, until in April, 193 2 Mr. Resch assumed entire control of the plant A. H. Ri s< h ■ and paper. Circulation, 182 5. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $3.00; foreign, $4.00. STREATOR DAILY TIMES-PRESS: Established 1873 by Irving Carrier. Johr R. Fornof, general manager. Owned by the Times-Press Publishing Company. Streator, population, 14,712. Situated in LaSalle County, 96 miles southwest of Chicago. C. & A.; Wabash; A. T. & S. F.; C. B. & Q.; N. Y. C. R.R.'s. Diversified manufactories. Trading and shipping center. Coal mines, shale, silica, and sand. Agriculture. The Times-Press is a consolidation of the Free Press founded in 1873 by Irving Carrier and the Independent-Times which started in 1885 as the Streator Sunday Independent, founded bv Dr. David I.eRoy. The merger of the two papers was effected in January. 1927. The Times-Press is a daily paper issued every afternoon, with the exception of Sunday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 7412. Advertising rate: local, 5 6c; foreign, 63c. Subscription rate: local, 20c per week; foreign, $4.00 (by mail) . John R. Tornoi EUTARD BCCHLY WATSFKA. IROQUOIS COUNTY DEMOCRAT: Estab lished March 3, 1932. Edward Bechly, editor. Owned by Smith i\ Rush and Bechly. W.useka, population, 3 143. Located in Iroquois County, miles south of Chicago. T. P. & W.; C. & E. I. R.R.'s. Flour mills, shirt, brick, and tile factories. Creameries. Agriculture. The Iroquois County Democrat is a weekly paper, issued ever) Thursday. It is Democratic in politics, as is implied by the name. Circulation, 2 5 0(1. advertising rate: local. 30c; foreign. 35c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, si. 50. 467 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History *HENRY NEWS-REPUBLICAN: Established 18 52. G. P. Scott, owner and editor since Sept. 1, 1927. Henry, population, 165 8. Situated in Marshall County on the Illinois River, 34 miles northeast of Peoria. C. R. I. &. P. R.R. Nurseries; elevators; broom, cigar, hunting goods, rocker grate, and auto bumper factories. Hunting region. Coal mines. Agriculture. The News-Republican is published every Thursday and is Independent-Republican in politics. George Burt, for over sixty years, was owner and editor of the Henry Repub- lican, which later consolidated with the News. J. E. Carlson was also a former owner of this paper. Circulation, 18 00. Advertising rate: local, 20, 25c; foreign, 32c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. HARDIN, CALHOUN HERALD: Established 1872. C. Fred Lamar, editor and proprietor. Hardin, population 732. Situated on the Illinois river in Calhoun County, about 30 miles northwest of Alton. East Hardin has the nearest railroad and express station. Agriculture and horticulture. The territory near Llardin is particularly noted for its extensive apple orchards. When in bloom in the spring, these form one of the outstanding beauty spots of Illinois. The Calhoun Herald was first established by a stock company, with John Lammy as editor. In 1876 the plant was sold to Argust and Keating; in 1879 Greathouse and Argust were editors and pub- lishers, and in 1880 the late James McNabb was editor. It was then sold to T. J. Shelby, who was editor until 1890. From 1890 until 1894 J. D. Rose was editor and proprietor. H. M. Cornick, 1894- 95; Charles Lamar 1895-1902. Cornick, who was also publisher of the Calhoun Times, established in 1901, bought the Herald in 1902 and combined the two papers as the Calhoun Times Herald. In 1903 Charles H. Lamar bought the entire plant and changed the name back to the Calhoun Herald. At the death of Chas. H. Lamar in 1930, the paper was edited by C. Fred Lamar, son, and A. D. Campbell, son-in-law, of the deceased. Now it is edited and pub- lished by C. Fred Lamar, sole owner. Circulation, 15 00. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. «'. J. DUVALL LEWISTOWN EVENING RECORD: Established 1897 by W. J. Duvall and E. P. Reese. W. J. Duvall, owner and publisher. Lewistown, population, 2249. Located in Fulton County. 3 5 miles southwest of Peoria. C. B. & Q. R.R. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Lewistown Evening Record is published daily, with the exception of Sunday, and is Republican in politics. The Republican- Record, a weekly edition of the Evening Record, is published at the Record office, and is issued every Thursday. Circulation, 1120. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $3.00; foreign, $3.00. Illinois Niwspapir Diklciory and History LITCHFIELD NEWS-HERALD: Consolidated 1913 by E. E. Burson. I Lin.itin, owner and editor since 1928. Litchfield, population, 6607. Located in Montgomery County, 45 miles south of Springfield. C. C. C. & St. L.; Wabash; I. C; C. B. & Q. R.R.'s. Radiator, condensed milk, lamp, oilcan, shoe, and clothing factories. Machine shops; flour mills. Coal mines; lime- stone quarries. Agriculture, dairying. The News-Herald is a combination of the Litchfield Moni- tor, the Daily News, the Daily Herald, and the Daily Union. The Monitor was established in 1881 as a weekly. The Daily News was established in 1886 and the Herald in 1892. The News and Herald were merged in 1913, and the Daily Union was established a few months later in the same year. Litchfield continued as a two-paper town, until 1928, when Frank P. Hanafin bought the two papers and merged them. The News-Herald is published every afternoon with the exception of Sunday, and is Independent in politics. It is the only daily in Montgomery County. Circulation, 3307. Advertising rate: local, 42c; foreign, 42c. Subscription rate: local, 15c per week; foreign, $4.00, $5.00. Frank P. MACOMB DAILY JOURNAL: Established 1S5 5. Journal Printing Company, owner; A. L. Hainline, editor. Macomb, population, 8 5 09. Located in McDonough County, 5 9 miles northeast of Quincy. C. B. & Q. R.R. Pottery, electric porcelain sewer and drain pipe works; machine shops; garment factory. Western Illinois State Teachers College. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Daily Journal is issued each evening except Sunday. Re- publican in political affiliation. Editor Hainline practiced law for quite a period and was state's attorney of McDonough Count} for eight years. Circulation, 6082. Advertising rate: local, 39c; foreign, 4c a line. Subscription rate: local, $5.00- MARSHALL, CLARK COUNTY DEMOCRAT: Established 18] Bennett, editor and publisher. Marshall, population, 2368. Located in Clark County, 17 miles southwest of Terre Haute, Indiana. C. C. C. & St. L.; P. R.R.'s. Flour, saw and planing mills. Agriculture. The Democrat is published each Wednesday, and is Democratic politically. Previous owners include Sol Handy, B. A. Sweet- and J. L. Montgomery. The present editor was a member of the Illinois legislature in 1924-5. Circulation, 1600. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 30c. Norman ',* *K V ( 2k Subscription rate: local, $1.5 0; foreign, $1.5 0. 469 Norm in Benneti Illinois Newspaper Directory and History MARSEILLES DAILY PRESS: Established 1921 by W. I. Dunlap & Son been owners since that date. C. I. Dunlap, editor; E. R. Dunlap, manager. Marseilles, population, 4293. Located in LaSalle County on the Illinois River and I. M. Canal, 7 miles east of Ottawa. C. R. 1. & P. R.R. Hydro-electric power plant; carton, roof- ing paper, and firebrick factories. Coal mines. General farming. The Daily Press has been in the Dunlap family since the date of its establishment. This paper is published every afternoon, with the exception of Sunday. It is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 960. C. 1. Duniat Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $3.50; foreign, $3.50. /ho ha :: 'McLEAN LENS: Established 1880 by George L. Shoals. Owned by Crihrield Brothers, Inc. Harold P. Lizer, editor and business manager. McLean, population, 675. Located in McLean County, 15 miles southwest of Bloomington. C. & A. R.R. Clay products works; feed mill. Agriculture. The McLean Lens is published weekly, and is issued every Friday. It is Independent in political affiliation. The Lens is published at the Crihfield plant in Atlanta. Circulation, 300. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 15c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. fMcHENRY PLAINDEALER: Established 1875. C. F. Renich, owner; A. H. Mosher, editor. McHenry, population, 13 54. Located in McHenry County, 5 miles northwest of Chicago. C. & N. W. R.R. Condensed milk, cement block, and boat factories. Summer resort, agriculture. The Plaindealer is issued each Thursday and is Republican in political affiliation. It was formerly owned by Frank J. Schreiner. Circulation, 1200. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.50. METROPOLIS NEWS: Established 1917. J. L. Starkes, editor; News Publishing Company, publisher. Metropolis, population, 7820. Located in Massac County, at Fort Massac State Park, 13 miles below Paducah, Ky., on the Ohio River. C. B. &Q.; 1. C; P. & I.; N. C. & St. L. R.R.'s. Lumber, stove, vehicle, wood stock, railroad tie, wooden box and basket, chair and table, glove, rayon, cigar manufactories. Agriculture. The News is issued each Thursday and is Independent Republican in political affil- iation. Circulation, 2485. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 49c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. 470 Illinois Newspaper Diki-.ctory and Hist or >. Ml NDOTA REPORTER AND SUN-BULLETIN: Consolidated 1927 by George \\ . Nisley and William H. Leiser, owners and editors. .Mendota, population, 40U6. Located in LaSalle County, 1 5 miles north of LaSalle. C. B. & Q.; I.C.; C. M. St. P. & Pac. R.R.'s. Wood- working machine and implement factories. Agriculture. The Mendota Reporter was established in 1878 and the Sun-Bulletin in 1862. Both papers were consolidated in 1927 by Nisley and Leiser who had previously purchased the Reporter in 19 19. Previous to the time the Sun-Bulletin was purchased from John H. Millar of the Home New s Publishing Company of Chicago, it was owned by 111 I . Marshall of the Associated Weeklies. The Reporter was published by Otto Kieselbach until 1919 when Geo. \V. Nisley and W'm. H. Leiser bought the paper and later, in 1927, bought the Sun-Bulletin. The Reporter and Sun-Bulletin covers northwest LaSalle County, north- east Bureau Count), and southern Lee County, including 15 small towns besides Mendota. This paper has the third largest country weekly circulation in Illinois. The Reporter is published every Thursday, and is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 4878. Advertising rate: local, 35c; foreign, 5Uc. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, s2.50. MOUND CITY, PULASKI ENTERPRISE: Established 1870. Frank Ledbetter, owner and editor since 1930. Mound City, population, 2 544. County seat of Paluski County, located on the Ohio River, 7 miles north of Cairo, with ferries to Kentucky. C. C. C. & St. L.; I. C. R.R.'s. Lumber, stave, hoop, and planing mills; canning factories; cotton-gin; shipbuilding interests. Ships timber. Truck crops, cotton, and fruit. Agriculture. Various owners of the Pulaski Enterprise have included Ashbaugh. I red Mood, and Settlemoir and W'aite. This paper is published every Thursday, Mid is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 750. Advertising rate: local. 20-2 5c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, ^.2.00. NORMAI N'ORMALITE: Established 1908 b\ Clarence A. Burner, who has been publisher since that date. Eloise B. Craig, managing editor. R. H. Craig, business manager. Normal, population, 676 5. Located in McLean County, 2 miles north of Bloom- in -ton. C. & A.; I. C. R.R.'s. Canning factories; greenhouses. State Normal Universit) Soldiers' Orphans Home. Residential suburb of Bloomington. The Normalite political affiliation. Circulation. 2100. Advertising rate: Subscription rate: weekly publication, issued every Friday. It is Republican local, 35c; foreign, 35c. local, (free distribution] mail edition. $1.50. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History MT. PULASKI TIMES-NEWS: Established in 1884. Harry J. Wible, owner and editor. Mt. Pulaski, population, 1445. Located in Logan County, 24 miles northeast of Springfield. I. C. R.R. Windmill factory. Ag- riculture, live stock. The Times-News is issued every Thursday, and is Independent politically. R. L. Conn, G. A. Drum, John L. Eyrse, and Mrs. John L. Eyrse are listed as former publishers of the Times, which was purchased by Editor Wible in May, 1932. In August, 1932, he purchased the News from Beidler Bros, and consolidated the two papers. Circulation, 1075. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. Hakky J. Wible NORRIS CITY RECORD: Established 1895. Ralph Clippinger, owner; Mrs. Ralph Clippinger, editor. Norris City, population, 1109. Located in White County, 110 miles east of Belleville. B. & O.; N. Y. C. R.R.'s. Flour mill. Coal mine. Dairy, poultry, fruit and grain farms. Corn, wheat, oats. The Record is published each Thursday, and is Republican- Independent in political affiliation. A. C. Clippinger & Sons were former owners. The Record was re-established in 1930, after sus- pension of five years. Circulation, 800. Ralph Clippinger Advertising rate: Subscription rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 30c. local, $1.00; foreign, $1.00. OBLONG ORACLE: Established 1894. J. M. Sheets, editor and publisher s Oblong, population, 1427. Located in Crawford County, 32 miles nor Vincennes, Indiana. I. C. R.R. Oil and gas wells. Agriculture, dairying. The Oracle is published each Friday, and is Democratic in political affiliation. Its editor was born in Oblong and has been identified as a leader with many of its activities. He was postmaster at Oblong, the youngest in the United States under Cleveland's administration and reappointed and served during Wilson's admin- istration. Was president of the Illinois Press Association during 1910 and later secretary for five years. He was founder of the Past Presidents' Association that meets annually. Circulation, 1000. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. 472 ince 1896. thwest of [jllinois Newspaper Directory and Himoio CHRISTOPHER PROGRESS: Established 1907 by Walter W. Sims. O. H. Lewis, editor. Lewis Brothers Publishing Company, owner. Christopher, population, 3947. Located in Franklin County, 38 miles south of Centralia. 1. C; C. B. & Q. R.R.'s. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Progress is issued every Thursday, and is Democratic in political affiliation. Editor Lewis holds an exceptional record in the line of holding public office, having served as Mayor for ten con- secutive years. Circulation, 1800. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, S2.50. CISSNA PARK NEWS: Established 1906. Ralph E. Caldwell, editor and pub- lisher. Owned by the Commercial Association, Cissna Park. Cissna Park, population. 576. Situated in Iroquois Counts, 38 miles south of Kankakee. C. & E. 1. R.R. Agriculture, dairy farm- ing and poultry raising. The earliest publication in Cissna Park prior to the establish- ment of the News, was the Cissna Park Review, published in 1892 by R. L. Ranton. The News is a weekly paper, issued every Friday. It is Republican in its political affiliation. Circulation, 6 5 0. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 20c, 2 5c through agency Caking discount. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. Ralph E Caldweli COLUMBIA STAR: Established 1906. Ernestine C. Smith and Consuelo Smith Yolkert, owners, the former being editor. Columbia, population, 1791. Located in Monroe Count), 14 miles south of St. I ouis. Mo. M. & O. R.R. Stone quarries. The Star is published each Thursday, and is Independent Republican in politics. G. W. Smith was the former owner, father of the present editor. Circulation, 1225. Advertising rates: local, 25c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rates: local, $1.5 0. J. W. Nl I SON S V >,,jr H<.T,lld. CUBA JOURNAL: Established 1SS4. J. \\". Nelson, owner and editor. Cuba, population, 1478. Located in Fulton County, 38 mile- west southwest of Peoria. T. P. & W.; C. B. & Q. R.R.'s. Coal mining; agriculture. The Journal is published each Thursday morning, and is In- dependent politically. J. C. Thomas was formerly an owner of this paper. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $1.5 0; foreign, $1.5 0. 473 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History MELVIN MOTOR: Established 1908. T. D. Thackeray, edi- tor and publisher since April 1, 1932. Melvin, population, 540. Situated in Ford County. 40 miles east of Bloomington. I. C. R.R. Agriculture. The Melvin Motor numbers among its owners at various times G. F. Howk, W. J. Jones, and R. H. Carter. This paper is a weekly publication, issued every Friday. It is Republican in politics. Circulation, 5 00. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 15c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. MENDON DISPATCH-TIMES: Established 1878 by J. R. Urech. Ernest E. Kroll, publisher since 1927, Mrs. Ernest E. Kroll, editor. Mendon, population, 5 80. Located in Adams County, 15 miles northeast of Quincv. C. B. & Q. R.R. Agriculture. The Mendon Dispatch has at various times been owned by H. Darby, J. B. Frishbie, and J. R. Gibson. In October, 1932, Mr. and Mrs. Kroll purchased the Loraine Times and combined it with the Dispatch, making a community newspaper. The Times was started in Ursa in 1896, moved to Loraine in 1898 and since then had been called the Loraine Times. The Mendon Dispatch-Times absorbed the Quincy Times in April, 1934. The Dispatch-Times is Independent in political affiliation, and is published every Thursday. Circulation, 1711. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. MEREDOSIA BUDGET: Established 1890. T. W. Burdick, owner and editor. Meredosia, population, 820. Located in Logan County, 48 miles west of Springfield. Wabash R.R. Button factories; grain elevator. Government fish hatchery. Agriculture. The Budget is published on. Thursdays, and is Non-partisan. W. T. Hedenberg was the former owner. Circulation, 6 5 0. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 22c. Subscription rate: local, $1.5 0; foreign, $1.5 0. 474 T. W. Hurdick Illinois Newspaper Diuk roRi and History \II TAMORA HERALD: Established 185 3. Wrn. Ryan, owner and editor. Metamora, population, 707. Located in Woodford County, IS miles northeast of Peoria. C. & A. R.R. Canning factory; mills. Ships grain and live stock. The Herald is published every Friday, and is Democratic polit- ically. J. M. Nichols was formerly owner. Circulation, 1120. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, S2.00. MOMENCE PRESS-REPORTER: Established 1871. Charles A. Vio and publisher. Momence, population, 2218. Situated in Kankakee County. 11 miles east of Kankakee. C. & E. I.; N. Y. C; C. M. St. P. & Pac. R.R.'s. Brick, textile and cereal factories. Agriculture. The Press-Reporter is published each Friday, and is Republican in political affiliation. Senator E. C. Curtis was a former owner of the paper. Circulation, 1440. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. let, editor Char] i s a. Violet MONTICELLO BULLETIN: Established 18 56. \V. D. Hig- don, editor and publisher. Monticello, population, 2,378. Located in Piatt County, 3 2 miles northeast of Decatur. Wabash; 1. (..: Illinois Terminal R.R.'s. Syrup pepsin, soybean oil; machine shops. Agriculture, live stock. The Bulletin is issued every Thursday, and is Democratic in its political affiliation. Circulation, 2346. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 35c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $1.00. LODA TIMES: Established 1880. \ T . E. Stevens Printing Co., owners. Herbert \. and Harold H. Stevens, editors. Loda, population, 499. Located in Iroquois County, 30 miles northeast of Cham- paign. I. C. R.R. Poultry feeding and dressing plant. Agriculture. The Times is issued weekly, on Friday. Republican politically. Circulation, 600. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. 475 Illinois Newspaper. Directory and History DALLAS CITY REVIEW: Established 1887 by Lucien S. Reid lisher, J. D. Butler. Dallas City, population, 1114. Located in Hancock and Hen- derson Counties, 5 miles southwest of Galesburg. C. B. & Q.; A. T. & S. F. R.R.'s. Manufactures lumber, buggy tops, chicken coops, brick and tile, handles, blank buttons and canned goods. Elevator; cold storage plant; fish market. The Review is a weekly publication, appearing every Tuesday, and is Independent in political affiliation. Lucien S. Reid and Fannie A. Reid, his wife, were the former owners. Though not holding public office now, Editor Butler served eleven years as city clerk. Circulation, 850. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.50. Editor and pub- DANVILLE, VERMILION COUNTY STAR: E. J. Lewis, Managing Editor. Pub- lished by the Vermilion County Star Publishing Association and owned by all the Unions of the County. Danville, population, 3 6,765. Located in Vermilion County. C. & E. I.; C. C. C. & St. L.; N. Y. C; Wabash R.R.'s. Railroad shops, lumber mills, hardware factories, smelters, brick-yards, boiler and iron works. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Star is published each Thursday, and is non-partisan. Circulation, 5 500. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.50; foreign, $2.50. DIETERICH SPECIAL-GAZETTE: Established by Duncan Allen in 1894. Otto Gust, owner and editor. Dieterich, population 48 8. Located in Effingham County, 9 miles southeast of Effingham. I. C. R.R. Seed cleaning plant. Ships live stock, grain, seed, produce and dairy products. Agriculture. The Special-Gazette is issued every Thursday, and is Inde- pendent-Republican in its political affiliation. It was founded by Duncan Allen, Ner Stroud, and others whose names are not avail- able. The present owner purchased the paper from Cafferty & Yelvington. Circulation, 1200. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. 1LLIOPOLIS SENTINEL: Established 1929. John W. Bailey, editor and business manager. M. B. Bailey, owner. Uliopolis, population, 814. Located in Sangamon County, 18 miles west of Decatur. Illinois Terminal; Wabash R.R.'s. Grain farms. Corn, oats, wheat. The Sentinel is a weekly publication, issued every Friday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 5 00. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 15c. Subscription rate: local, S>1.75; foreign, $1.75. 476 Illinois Newspaper Diumioio wn History EAST John I!. Aitrogge ST. LOUIS, ST. CLAIR COUNTY RECORD: Established 1925 by John B. Aitrogge, who has been editor and publisher since that date. 1 .w St. Louis, population, 74,347. Located in St. Clair County, opposite St. Louis on the Mississippi River. Railroad terminal. Mam factories, coal mines, limestone and clay deposits, agriculture. The St. Clair County Record has been owned and published by the present publisher since its date of founding. It is published on I riday, and is Democratic in its political affiliation. Circulation, 395 1. Advertising rate: local, 3 5c; foreign, 35c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. I I IINBURG HERALD: Established 1882 by I rank T. Kauer- auf. Maude Kauerauf, editor and manager. Owned by Mrs. Sarah A. Kauerauf. Edinburg, population, 792. Located in Christian County, 18 miles southeast of Springfield. B. & O. R.R. Farming and stock raising district. The Herald has been in the Kauerauf family from the time ot its establishment, up to the present day. It is a weekly organ, appearing every Thursday, and is Independent in politics. Circulation, 900. Advertising rate: local, 15 and 20c; foreign, 20 and 25c. Subscription rate: local, SI. 25; foreign, $1.25. FARMINGTON BUGLE: Established 1881 by Capt. J. I. VTilson. Harlan B. VTood. editor and general manager. Owned by the estate of Sewell P. V/ood. |mhbm Farmington, population, 2260. Situated in Fulton County, : ^^^^^ Vj 22 miles west of Peoria. C. B. & Q.; M. & St. L. R.R.'s. Elevators, V I cement products plant. Ships coal, live stock, and produce. Coal I ■ I mines. Agriculture. Livestock. ™ ]p The Farmington Bugle received its name from its founder, who jtl J^'-l S ave ' c out °f respect to his comrades in the Army. On October 20, \* ^p'" v - 1883, Sewell P. ^X'ood purchased the Bugle, which remained under W4 ^^B** I ^' s management from that date until his death, April 17, 1930. J\ " g I Since his death, the eldest son, Harlan B. Vood. has acted as general --'* ! I manager. The Bugle is a weekly paper, issued every Thursday. It H H H I is Independent Republican in political affiliation, Harlan Is. 'Wood Circulation, 985. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 25c less 15', and 2',. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. 477 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History NEW CANTON PRESS: Established 1904 by C. L. Hopkins, editors and owners since 192 9. .J0PP» ft New Canton, population, 540. located in Pike County, 2 5 miles southeast of Quincy. C. B. & Q. R.R. Agriculture. The New Canton Press is a weekly publi- cation, issued every Thursday. It is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 400. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. Fox Brothers. IP NEWTON PRESS: Established 1863. Laurence E. Shup, owner and editor. Newton, population, 2,076. Located in Jasper County, 50 miles southwest of Terre Haute, Indiana. I. C. R.R. Manufactures lumber, brooms and barrels. Fruit storage, poultry packing plants. Stone quarry; coal mines. Agriculture. The Press is issued semi-weekly, on Tuesdays and Fridays. Democratic politically. Former owners include Dr. Isaac H. Walker and Alfred N. Walker, his son; Frank L. Shup and Laurence E. Shup, his son. Circulation, 2050. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.75. Laurence E. Shup OAKLAND, COLES COUNTY LEDGER: Established 1876 by Lyman T. Yeargin, who has been editor since that date. Mrs. M. E. Yeargin, owner. Oakland, population, 1035. Located in Coles County, 35 miles west of Terre Haute, Ind. N. Y. C. & St. L.; P. R.R.'s. Agriculture. The Coles County Ledger has be:n under but one ownership since its establishment 5 8 years ago. It is a weekly publication, issued every Friday, and is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 15 87. Advertising rate: local, 10c; foreign, 10c. Lyman T. Yeargin Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. 478 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History OAKLAND MESSENGER: Established 1883. W. E. Benoit, editor and publisher. Oakland, population 1035, located in Coles County, 25 north- east of Mattoon. N. Y. C. & St. L.; P. R.R.'s. Agriculture. The Oakland Messenger is a weekly paper, appearing every Thursday. It is Republican in political affiliation. O. L. Minter owned the paper previous to the time it was purchased by the present publisher. Circulation, 1000. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. OKAWVILLE TIMES: Established 1893 by J. T. Gibbs. Grover Brinkman, editor and publisher since 1926. Okawville, population, 647. Located in Washington County, 22 miles southeast of Belleville. L. & N. R.R. Mineral springs, health resort. Diversified farming, fruit raising. The Times was founded by J. T. Gibbs and was published solely by him until his death in 1926. The Times is issued every Thursday and is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 750. Adverti in;> rate: local, 15c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, SI. 50; foreign, $1.50. Grover Brinkman PEARL CITY NEWS: Established 18 89. O. Glenn Hooker Pearl City, population, 406. Located in Stephenson County, 12 miles west of Freeport. C. G. W. R.R. Milk plant. Agriculture. The News is issued on Thursdays, and is Independent Repub- lican in politics. Former owners were E. W. Bedell, J. J. Frease, W. W. Bucklev. Editor O. Glenn Hooker is the city treasurer. A full news page is carried each week under the head of Kent Ob- server. Circulation, 5 5 0. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. owner and editOl , O. Giiss H< 'SADORUS HERALD: Established 1931. G. A. Drum, owner and editor. Sadorus is located in Champaign County, southwest of Champaign, on the Wabash R.R. Agriculture. The Herald is issued each Thursday, and is Independent politically. Circulation, 3 5 0. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. •S« Tolono Htnld. Illinois Newspaper Dirfltory and History EFFINGHAM DAILY RECORD: Established 1898, and WEEKLY DEMOCRAT, established 185 5. LeCrone Press, owners; Byron K. LeCrone, editor. Effingham, population, 4,978. Located in Effingham County, 99 miles northeast of St. Louis, Mo. Wabash; I. C; P. R.R.'s. Condensed milk, canned food products, butchers' blocks manufactured. Illinois College of Photography and Photo Engraving. Fruit, dairy and general farming. The Record is issued daily except Sunday and is non-partisan; the Democrat is published each Thursday, and is Democratic. The Democrat (weekly) was founded as the Pioneer in Ewin^ton by W. B. Cooper, in 185 5. Ewington was then county seat of Effing- ham county. When the county seat was moved to Effingham, in 18 57, the paper was purchased by Col. J. W. Filler, and also movs to Effingham. The Democrat, through a series of changes, both in name and publishers through consolidation and otherwise, had as owners, in whole or in part, at various times the following: Dr. T. G. Vandeveer, John Hoeny, Hays & Bowen, H. C. Bradsby, J. C. Brady, Geo. M. LeCrone, Owen Scott, and finally Byron K. Le- Crone. Byron K. LeCrone also purchased in 1916 the Effingham Daily Record which had been started by him in 1898, and also the Byron K. LeCrone printing and publishing plant from his father, Geo. M. LeCrone. Mrs. B. K. LeCrone is now associated with him, the name of the firm being the LeCrone Press. Circulation, 3692. Advertising rate: local, 45c; foreign, 45c. Subscription rate: local, $5.00; by carrier, $6.00; foreign, $6.00. FLAT ROCK JOURNAL: Established 1913. Alex Grant, owner and editor. Flat Rock, population, 5 84. Located in Crawford County, 17 miles northwest of Vincennes, Indiana. C. C. C. & St. L. R.R. Oil wells. Agriculture. The Journal is issued each Thursday, and is Independent politically. Mr. Foote and \\". C. Weatherford were former owners. Circulation, 500. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $1.5 0. GIBSON CITY ENTERPRISE: Established 1883. George Woolley, owner and editor. Gibson City, population, 2,163. Located in Ford County, 34 miles east of Bloomington. I. C; N. Y. C. & St. I..; and Wabash R.R.'s. Iron foundry, hatchery, greenhouse, machine shop, canning and cigar factories. Agriculture. The Enterprise is issued on Thursdays, and Republican in [ .,* politics. P. A. Coal was the most recent former owner. Circulation, 1260. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 20c. George Woolley Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $1.00. 48 ^ Illinois Newspaper Director! and History HAMILTON PRESS: Established 1885. Owner, Morton Clausen. Hamilton, population. 1687. Located in Hancock County, opposite Keokuk, Iowa. T. P. & \\ ".; Wabash R.R.'s. Bridge to Keokuk. Iowa. Clay works, garment factories. Beekeepers' supplies. Agriculture. The Press is issued each Thursday, and is Independent in political affiliation. Former owners included C. T. Sherman. A. I.. McArthur. G. C. Corbus, \\". E. Strombach, Oscir Johnson, P. K. Ewing. Circulation, 1860. Advertising rate: local. 30c; foreign, 35c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00. *HENNING NEWS: Established 1928. George A. Reinhardt. owner and editor. Henning is located in Vermilion County, about 14 miles northwest of Danville. I. ( . and C. & E. I. R.R.'s. The News is published on Thursdays, as part of the Rossville Press, and is Repub- lican in politics. Circulation, 250. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 35c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, S2.00. tHILLSDALE. TRI-VILLAGE REVIEW": Established 1928. Owner, Foster L. Stagg. Editor, Mrs. Margaret Stagg Heusinkveld. Hillsdale, population, 252. Located in Rock Island County, 22 miles northeast of Moline and Rock Island. C. B. & Q. R.R. The Review is issued each Thursday, and is Independent polit- ically. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign. 30c. Subscription rate: local, SI. 50; foreign, SI. 50. Mrs. Marc iri i S Hi isi\kv ei n HINCKLEY REVIEW' AND WATERMAN LEADER: Established 1870. Theo. O. Klein, owner, editor, and publisher. Hinckley, population, 616. Situated in DeKalb County, 5 7 miles west of Chicago. C. B. & Q. R.R. Washing machine factory; tile and brickyards. Rich agricultural and dairying district. The Hinckley Review and Waterman Leader is a weekly paper, issued every Thursday. It is Republican in politics. R. D. Chappell is a former owner of this paper. Circulation, 1400. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 3 5c. Theo O Kieix Subscription rate: local. S2.00; foreign, $2.00. 481 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History PLEASANT HILL MESSENGER: Established 1904. L. L. Weir, owner and editor. Pleasant Hill, population, 700. Located in Pike County, 4 5 miles southeast of Quincy. C. & A. R.R. Agriculture. The Messenger is published weekly, on Thursday. Democratic politically. Former owners were Charles Barnes, Clyde Weidner, Frank Guthrie, Truman Dinsmore, Clem Battershall. J. D. Rowe. Circulation, 750. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $1.5 0; foreign, $1.5 0. RUSHVILLE, SCHUYLER NEWS: Established 193 3 by Chas. H. Thompson an 1 J. R. Work. Chas. H. Thompson, editor and publisher. Rushville, population, 2,388. Located in Schuyler County, 64 miles southwest of Peoria. C. B. & Q. R.R. Automobile tool factory, hatchery. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Schuyler News is published every Wednesday and is Republican in politics. Circulation, 1000. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $1.50. ST. FRANCE3VILLE TIMES: Established 190S. Haskell W. H.i St. Francesville, population, 1202. Located in Lawrence County, 10 miles southwest of Vincennes, Indiana. C. C. C. & St. L. R.R. Elevators, planing mill, cannery. Pearl fisheries. Oil wells. Agricul- ture. The Times is published on Thursdays, and is politically Ind> pendent. Former own?rs were A. P. Spencer, John W. Prout and H. Brownfield Scott. Circulation, 900. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00. SIGEL REVIEW: Established 1880 by Herman Scherbarth. L. C. Siemer, editor and business manager. Owned by Siemer and Son. Sigel, population, 292. Located in Shelby County, 18 miles south southwest of Mattoon. I. C. R.R. Gbve factory; nurseries. Agriculture, fruit. The Review is published every Thursday, and is Independent in political affiliation. Former owners have included Mr. Blakely, P. C. Trager, Lydia Trager, and John Brewer. Circulation, 648. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $1.2 5; foreign, $2.00. 482 Iiiinois Newspaper Direi iory and Histori SIDEI ( HARI ES C. 1 I JOURNA1 : Established 1900. Charles C. Lane, editor and publisher. Sidell, population, 800. Located in Vermilion County, 23 miles southwest of Danville. K. & S.; C. & E. I. R.R.'s. Agriculture. The Journal is published every Thursday, and is Republican in political affiliation. It was established by Wright and Smith. In 1900 T. B. Williams became the owner, continuing until the pres- ent editor took possession in 1932. Circulation, 800. Advertising rate: local. 15c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, Si. 50; foreign, $2.00. SORENTO NEWS: Established 1S90 by S. P. Lamb. A. R. Smith, owner, editor and publisher since October, 1931. Sorento, population, 831. Situated in Bond County, 15 miles northwest of Green- ville. C. B. & Q.; N. Y. C. & St. L. R.R.'s. Coal mines. Dairying. The Sorento News was known as the Times when established in 1890. During part of its existence the name was changed to the Blade, the name News being acquired when the paper was pur- chased by R. E. Pierce. Rev. John Gordon Barnett purchased the plant from Pierce, later moving it to Nebraska in May. 1931. The present owner, A. R. Smith, bought the plant at Herrick, Illinois, and moved it to Sorento, beginning publication in October, 1931. The Sorento News is now issued weekly, appearing every Thursday. It is Independent in its political affairs. Circulation, 1000. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign. 25c. Subscription rate: local. $1.50; foreign, $1.50. Geo. L. Hoffman SPRING VALLEY, BUREAU COUNTY DEMOCRAT: Established 1932. Owner and editor, Geo. L. Hoffman. Spring Valley, population, 5,270. Located in Bureau Countv, 6 miles west of LaSalle. C. R. I. & P.; C. & N. W. ; C. B. & Q. R.R.'s. Overall, garter factories. Coal mines, sand, gravel pits. Timber. Farming. The Democrat is published on Fridays, and is Democratic polit- ically. The editor began his newspaper career as editor and publisher of the Spring Valley tiazette in 18 94. He was for a time city clerk of Spring Valley. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, si. 50; foreign, $2.00. 4S3 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History HULL ENTERPRISE: Established 1906 by J. H. Nichols. Othedus Q. Campbell, editor and owner. Hull, population, 5 54. Located in Pike County, 18 miles southeast of Quincy. Railroad name, Hulls. C. B. & Q.; Wabash R.R.'s. Power plant. Flour and feed mill; canning factory. Ships stock, poultry and grain. Diversified farming. The Enterprise was established in 1906 together with the New Canton News, and was first known as the Saturday Breeze. In 1907 it was bought by H. C. Forgy, who sold it in 1910 to W. B. Miller, then principal of the Hull schools. The same year it was sold to J. H. and Ernest Maher, who gave the paper its present name. Successive owners were Dr. H. C. Sperry, E. L. Lyons, E. S. Colwell and J. H. Maher. In 1927 Mr. Campbell came into control of the publication which he was then connected with, being asso- ciated with D. B. Gray and F. A. Farnsworth in its purchase. The Q. Campbell Enterprise is published every Friday and is Republican in politics. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 17' zc. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. DONOVAN ECHO: Established 1921 by Edward F. Banes. E. S. Worley, owner and editor. Donovan, population, 410. Located in Iroquois County, 66 miles south of Chicago. Railroad station, Nelson. C. M. St. P. & Pac; C. C. C. & St. L. R.R.'s. Agriculture. The Donovan Echo is a weekly publication, appearing each Thursday. It is Republican in political affiliation. The present owner purchased the paper from C. L. Trump. Circulation, 300. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 20c if direct from ad- vertiser. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. KEITHSBURG NEWS: Established 1878. J. W. Cluts and W. R. Grant, owners, the latter being editor. Keithsburg, population, 1081. Located in Mercer County, about 22 miles north of Burlington, Iowa. Steamboat connection. C. B. & Q.; M. & St. L. R.R.'s. Manufactures pearl buttons, novelties, oil cans, launches. Ships eggs, poultry, stock. Fisheries, agriculture. The News is issued each Thursday, and is Independent in poli- tics. A. F. Johnson was the former owner. Circulation, 500. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 25c. .... „ r Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.50. 484 Illinois Newspaper Dire< iorv and History JACKSONVILLE JOURNAL: Established 1843. Reaugh Jennings, editor. JACKSONVILLE COURIER: B. B. Ridgway, editor. Both papers owned by lack sonville Journal Courier Company. Jacksonville, population, 17,747. County seat of Morgan County, 34 miles south- west of Springfield. C. B. & Q.; C. & A.; Wabash R.R.'s. Woolen mill; clothing factories: steel bridge works. Illinois College; Illinois Woman's College; Conservatory of Music and School of Fine Arts: Illinois College of Music; State hospital for the insane and educa- tional institutions for the deaf, dumb and blind. Natural gas wells. Agriculture. The Journal is published each morning and is Republican in politics. W. A. lay, business manager. Circulation, 5 500. Advertising rate: local, 40c min.; foreign, 4'jC line combined with Courier. Subscription rate: local, S7.00; by mail, S4.00. The Courier is published each afternoon except on Sunday, and is Democratic politically. It was formerly owned by the Doying family. Circulation, 3200. Advertising rate: local, 30c min.; foreign, 4'_>c line combined with Journal. Subscription rate: local, $6.00; by mail, $4.00. KXOXVILLE, KNOX COUNTY REPUBLICAN: Established 185 6. Lavern MacDavitt, owner and editor. Knoxville, population, 1S62. Located in Knox County, 5 miles southeast of Gales- burg. C. B. & Q. R.R. Flour mills; paving brick plant. St. Martha's and St. Mary's School. Farming. The Knox County Republican is published weekly, appearing every Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 5 00. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 35c. Subscription rate: local, si. 5(1; foreign, si. 50. LEBANON ADYFRTISER: Established 1911 by Don Gerking. Sylvan E. Williams, owner and publisher since 1925. Lebanon, population, 1828. Located in St. Clair County, 23 miles east of St. Louis, Mo. B. & O. R.R. Flour mill; ice and bot- tling plants; cigar factories. McKendree College. State Agricultural Experiment Station. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Advertiser is a weekly publication, appearing every Friday. It is Independent in politics. Allen La Bartlett was formerly an ^ owner of this paper. M Circulation, 700. ,• H Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 30c. Sn\\\ I. \Viim\ms Subscription rare: local, $1.50; foreign, si. 50. 485 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History TAMAROA TIMES: Established 1894. H. L. Farmer, owner and editor. Tamaroa, population, 881. Located in Perry County, 28 miles south of Centralia. I. C. M. P. R.R. Agriculture, dairying. The Times is published each Friday, and is Independent polit- ically. Its editor was for two terms mayor of Tamaroa. Circulation, 410. Advertising rate: local, 20-25c; foreign, 20-25c. Subscription rate: local, $1.5 0; foreign, $1.5 0. TOLEDO DEMOCRAT: Established, 18 59. Owner and editor, J. M. Drakeford. Toledo, population, 73 3. Located in Cumberland County, 5 miles southwest of Terre Haute, Indiana. I. C. R.R. Broom factory. Agriculture. The Democrat is issued on Thursday, and Democratic politically. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00. :: TOLONO HERALD: Established 1867. G. A. Drum, owner and editor. Tolono, population, 790. Located in Champaign County, 3 7 miles northeast of Decatur. I. C; Wab. R.R.'s. Ships grain and live- stock. The Herald is issued on Thursdays, and is Independent in poli- tics. Former owners: E. B. Chapin (founder) ; A. B. Campbell; Jack Ryan; L. L. Dosett; Mrs. Margaret Holzinger; O. F. Maus; C. L. Allen; Hutchinson Bros. Circulation, 500. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local. $1.50; foreign, $1.50. G. A. Drum TREMONT NEWS: Established 1893. M. L. Cottingham, owner. Donald L. Cottingham, editor; Earl R. Cottingham, business manager. Tremont, population, 798. Located in Tazewell County, 14 miles south of Peoria. C. C. C. & St. L. R.R. Agriculture. The News is issued on Thursdays, and is Democratic politically. The owner has held many offices in the past, alderman, mayor, city clerk, city treasurer, constable, assessor, deputy sheriff, tax collector, special investigator of District Exemption Board during the World War. In August, 1930, he met with an accident that cost him his !eft limb b.'low the knee. Since then the business has been carried on by his two sons, assisted by their sister, Mrs. E. L. Dingle. The paper has never missed an issue, and has always been under the same owner. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c and 30c. M. 1 Cottingham Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. See also Sadorus Herald. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History TOLUCA STAR-HERALD: Established 1893 by George W. Bonham. John T. Carroll and Carl W. Diehl, editors and owners since 1926. Toluca, population, 1413. Located in Marshall County, 22 miles south of LaSalle. A. T. & S. F. R.R. Agriculture. The Star-Herald is a weekly publication, issued every Friday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 1100. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, 2 0c; foreign, 2 5c and 3 0c. WAUCONDA LEADER: Established 18 94 by F. L. Carr. Walter W. Banks, owner and editor. Wauconda, population, 5 5 4. Situated in Lake County, 42 miles northwest of Chi- cago. Nearest Railroad station, Lake Zurich. E. J. & E.; C. P. & W. R.R.'s. Tilt- factory, bottling works. Summer resort. Dairying. The Wauconda Leader is a weekly paper, appearing every Thursday. It is Demo- cratic in political affiliation. J. P. Blanck and P. E. Schlottman, are among the former owners of this paper. Circulation, 475. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 25 and 30c. Subscription rate: local, SI. 75; foreign, $1.75. clot min N. F. lYm i i i WENONA INDEX: Established 186 5. N. F. Purcell, owner editor. Wenona, population, 1005. Located in Marshall County, 20 ;s south of LaSalle. I. C; C. & A. R R.'s. Manufactures hunting hing, porch and lawn swings and printing press perforators. Coal e. Horse importing and breeding. The Index is published on Thursdays, and is Republican polit- y. Otis Montgomery was a previous owner. Circulation, 1480. Advertising rate: local, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00. TABLE GROVE HERALD: Established 1889 by Bert Oakm.in owner and editor since February, 1933. Table Grove, population 46 3. Located in Fulton County, 40 miles south of Galesburg. C. B. & Q. R.R. Agriculture. F. M. Bonham succeeded the founder of the Herald as publisher and successfully conducted the paper for many years. Other owners following him included H. L. Dyer, E. Robinson, Ross Arnold, B. Reihbach, and J. M. Hedrick. The Herald is a weekly paper pub- lished on Thursday, and is politically Independent. Circulation, 5 40. Advertising rates: local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rates: local, $1.5 0; foreign, $1.50. 487 \V. C. Foster. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History *LACON HOME JOURNAL: Established 1837. G. P. Scott, owner; L. C. Scott, editor. Lacon, population 1,546. County seat of Marshall county, located on the Illinois river, about 30 miles above Peoria. C. & A. R.R. Bridge to Spar- land. Marble works, grain elevator, woolen mill. Ships agricultural products. Sand and gravel pits. Timber, farming. The Home Journal is published every Thursday and is Inde- pendent politically. A. N. Ford, a young printer of Hartford, Con- necticut, established the paper under the name of the Herald, ship- ping the equipment via New Orleans while his family made the journey by rail, steamboat and canal. Two years later the name was changed to the Illinois Gazette; then in 1866 Spencer Ellsworth, Sr., a new owner, changed it to the Home Journal. Succeeding owners were: Spencer Ellsworth, Jr., George Cowan, Willis "Push- ing" Powell, Charles Hacker, J. F. Schureman, Willis Johnson, the L C S oit Home News Publishing Company of Chicago, and G. P. Scott, — -j Chillicothe, III. Circulation, 1250. Advertising rate: local, 28c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. LELAND TIMES: Established 1896. R. M. Balsley, owner and editor. Leland, population, 548. Located in LaSalle County, 28 miles southwest of Aurora. C. B. & Q. R. R. Agriculture. The Times is issued on Thursdays. Republican politically. Former owners were F. C. Noel and N. G. Klove. Circulation, 5 3 5. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. R. M. Balsi iv tLIBERTYVILLE INDEPENDENT-REGISTER: Established 1892. Frank H. Just, owner, editor, and publisher since 1916. Libertyville, population, 3787. Situated in Lake County, about 36 miles nurch northwest of Chicago. C. M. St. P. & Pac. R.R. Milk bottling and pure foods plants; macaroni, woodworking, and fence factories. Residential suburb of Chicago. The Independent-Register is a weekly publication, issued every Thursday. It is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 4227. Advertising rate: local 40c; foreign, 4'jC per line. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $5.00. ind t h.ll.tothe Bullelin. 488 Iminois Xiwspaper Directory and History CICERO NEWS: Established 1908. C. E. Ruthruff, editor and publisher. Cicero, population 65,776. Located in Cook County, adjoining Chicago. B. & O. C. T.; I. C; C. B. & Q. R.R.'s. Manufactures electrical equipment, automobile parts, malleable castings, stoves, glue, washing machines, enamelware and picture frames. Quarries. The Cicero News is a weekly publication, issued every Friday. It is Republican in its political affiliation. Circulation, 9,200. Advertising rate: local and foreign, $1.30. Subscription rate: local and foreign, $2.00. DES PLAINES SUBURBAN TIMES: Established 1885. Fred A. Fulle, owner and manager. Franz A. Koehler, editor. Des Plaines, population, 8929. Located in Cook County, 16 miles northwest of Chicago. C. & N. W.; Soo R.R.'s. United Motor Coach Bus Lines (suburban). Manufactures electric light specialties, electric lamps, greenhouse supplies, and foundry products. Center rose-growing industry. The Suburban Times has been owned by Fred A. Fulle since 1923. Previous to that time it was under the management of Mr. and Mrs. D. J. Gillespie. The Times is a weekly publication, issued every Friday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 2300. Advertising rate: local, 40c; foreign, 75c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, S2.00. Fred A. Iim e v Established 186 5 by Capt. J. 1 . Mc- tMETROPOLIS REPUBLICAN-HERALD Cartney. W. A. Spence, owner and publisher. Metropolis, population, 5,573. Located in Massac County, on the Ohio miles below Paducah, Kentucky. C. B. & Q.; I. C; P. & I. R.R.'s. Lumber, stov wood stock, railroad tie, wooden box and dish, glove manufactories. Agriculture. The Republican-Herald was formerly known as the Massac Journal Republican until it was consolidated with the Metropolis Herald in 1918 by the present owner, W . A. Spence. Mr. Spence is an ordained Baptist minister, was for 16 years county superin- tendent of schools, and was for four years Illinois state senator. The Republican-Herald is published every Wednesday, and is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 2000. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 40c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. Rn it, " hide Hardin Co. Independent 489 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History : TOULON, STARK COUNTY NEWS: Established 18 56 by John G. Hewitt and John Smith. James A. Nowlan, owner and editor. Rob;rt J. Nowlan, assistant editor and business manager. Toulon, population, 1202. Situated in Stark County, 37 miles northwest of Peoria, C. R. I. & P. R. R. Granite works. Ships grain and live stock. Agriculture. Toulon Milk Products Co. are large shippers of cheese and butter. The Stark County News was first estab- lished in 1856 as the Prairie Advocate, receiv- ing its present name in 18 57 when the paper was taken over by the Rev. R. C. Dunn. Among the early owners of the paper were S. . ., S. Kaysbier, Oliver White, Edwin Butler, G. A. James A. Nowlan '. ' ' - Monteith and Charles 1. Henderson. 1 he present owner, James A. Nowlan, acquired a half interest in the News in 1897, becoming the sole owner in 1905. The News is the only paper to be published at Toulon, having absorbed its rival the Stark County Sentinel, 2 5 years ago. This paper is published every Wednesday, and is Republican in political affairs. Circulation, 1650. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.50. J. Nowlan TRENTON SUN: Established 1880 by C. H. Manverse. Newton Rule, owner and publisher since 1910. Trenton, population, 1295. Located in Clinton County, 30 miles east of St. Louis, Mo. B. & O. R.R. Wood factory, brewing. Farming. The Trenton Sun numbers among its early owners Dr. A. W. Carter, Arthur Oehler, and Henry Mallrich. This paper is published weekly, appearing every Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 800. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 25c. Newton Ru.l Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. fWAYNESVILLE RECORD: Established 1884 by Horace Crihlield. Owned by Crihfield Brothers, Inc. Mrs. Nellie Buck, editor and business manager. Waynesville, population, 5 11. Situated in DeWitt County, 17 miles south of Bloomington. P. R.R. Agriculture. The Waynesville Record is published weekly, issued every Saturday. It is Inde- pendent in politics. This paper is printed at the Atlanta office of Crihfield Brothers, Inc. Circulation, 300. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 15c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. 490 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History VERMONT UNION: Established 1871. C. Rodney Boynton, owner, editor, and blisher. Vermont, population, 948. Situated in Fulton County, 56 miles southwest of Peoria. C. B. & Q. R.R. Flour mills. Agriculture and extensive livestock raising. Small fruit raising. The Vermont Union has been owned at various times by Clarence Mercer, E. P. Moore, E. P. and George L. Durell, and J Ross Arnold. The present owner has been with the paper since August, 1928. The Union is a semi-weekly publication, issued every Monday and Thursday. It is Republican in its political affiliation Circulation, 865. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 25c, less agency discount 15', and 2', .' < . Rudm\ Boynton Subscription rale: local, si. 50; foreign, $1.50. WASHBURN LEADER: Established 1890 by Rowley & Crane. Roy E. Patterson, owner, editor, and publisher until his death. Mrs. Patterson now publisher. Washburn, population, 862. Situated in Woodford County, 27 miles northeast of Peoria. C. & A. R.R. Planing mills. Agriculture. The Leader is published every Thursday, and is Independent in political affiliation. The founders, Rowley & Crane, sold to J. H. Scnultze, who in turn sold to George H. Wineteer. Mr. Patterson purchased the Leader from him in 1905. Circulation, 875. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00 (plus postage). Roi 1. Patterson (Deceased) R. A. WOODSTOCK JOURNAL: Established 1929 by A. E. Johnson, Wilfred Wi • Pratt, George Lemmers, and Harold W. Schmidt. Harold W. Schmidt general manager. Owned by the Woodstock Evening Journal, Inc. A. E. Johnson, president. Woodstock, population, 5466. Situated in McHenry County, 5 1 miles northwest of Chicago. C. & N. W. R.R. Feed mills; foundry and machine shops; disappearing bed and typewriter fac- tories. Pickle works. Creamery. Todd Seminary. Agriculture. The Woodstock Journal is a weekly publication, issued every Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 1800. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 40c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. k* Harold W. Schmidt 491 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History STAUNTON STAR-TIMES: Established 1906 by John Camp. Willard C. Moser and Walter F. Haase, owners and publishers since March 1, 193 3. Staunton, population, 45 63. Situated in Macoupin County, 3 5 miles northeast of St. Louis, Mo. L. & M.; Wabash; Illinois Terminal R.R.'s. Coal mines. Farming. The Star-Times is a weekly publication, issued every Thursday. It is Democratic in political affiliation. C. T. Kurz purchased the paper from Mr. Camp and operated it until 1917 when he sold to his son Armin C. Kurz and Willard C. Moser, who operated as a partnership until 1922 when Mr. Moser retired, later to form the above partnership with Walter F. Haase. Circulation, 1200. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. :: GOLCONDA HERALD-ENTERPRISE: Established 1858 by James D. Moudy. Owned by the Herald-Enterprise Publishing Company. W. A. Spence, president. Phil A. Craig, secretary and treasurer. Golconda, population, 1193. Located in Pope County, on the Ohio River, 45 miles northeast of Cairo. Steamboat connection. Ships agricultural produce and timber. Flour mills. Fluor spar, zinc, and lead mines. Timber. Phil A. Craig and Sim V. Clanahan, former employees of the Old Herald, established the Enterprise in 1887, under the firm name of Craig & Clanahan. In 1889 they purchased the Herald and consolidated the two papers under the name of Herald-Enterprise, which has been retained up to the present day. In 1924 Clanahan sold his interest to Craig, who continued as editor and publisher until Nov. 1, 1926. The Herald-Enterprise was owned for a while by C. V. Parsons, Norman G. Gray, and W. A. Spence and Abner Field. This paper is a weekly publication, issued every Thursday. It is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 2000. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 35c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. See Metropolis Republic jn-Herald. tTHOMSON REVIEW: Established 1898. H. G. and F. L. Stagg, owners, editors, and publishers since 1923. Thomson, population, 5 08. Located in Carroll County, on the Mississippi River, 3 5 miles southwest of Freeport. C. B. & Q. ; C. M. St. P. & Pac. R.R.'s. Commercial fisheries, clams. Timber, limerock. Agriculture. The Thomson Review is a weekly publication, issued every Thursday. It is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 600. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $1.5 0; foreign, $1.5 0. 492 Illinois Newspaper I)iri< roin and History MACOMB McDONOUGH TIMES: Established 193 3. R. L. Douglass, owner and publisher. J. C. Gumbart. editor. Macomb, located in McDonough County. C. B. & Q. R.R. Western Illinois State Teachers College located here, and several factories. The Times is issued each Thursday, and is Independent politically. It was first called the Good Hope Town News, the name being changed in February, 1931 to The Good Hope-Sciota News, then in January, 193 3 to the McDonough Times. Advertising rate: local, 15c. Subscription rate: local, si. on. COLCHESTER LNDEPEND1 NT: Established 1872. Loren L. Lohr. owner and editor. Colchester, population, 1,342. Located in McDonough County, 53 miles northeast of Quincy. C. B. & Q. R.R. Brick and tile works. Coal mines, flagstone quarries, cl.r beds. Agriculture. The Independent is published each Thursday. Former owners have been J. H. Bayless and C. W". Hayden, also Harry M. Todd, Politically Independent. Circulation, 700. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. : LONG POINT ADVOCATE: Established 1889. A. E. Tiffany, owner, editor and publisher. Long Point, population 254. Located in Livingston County, 40 miles northeast of Peoria. A. T. & S. F. R.R. Agriculture. The Advocate is a Republican paper issued every Thursday, and is printed at the Cornell Journal plant. Geo. Mathis, C. E. Goldsmith and Charles Allen were former owners of this paper. Advertising rate: local and foreign, 10c per line. Subscription rate: local and foreign, SI. 5 0. TRANSOM JOURNAL: Established 1912, by A. E. Tiffany, owner editor and publisher. Ransom, population 45 6. Located in LaSalle County, 15 miles southeast of Ottawa. A. T. & S. F. R.R. Agriculture. The Ransom Journal is a weekly paper issued on Thursday and is Republican in political affiliation. It is printed in the plant of the Cornell Journal. Advertising rate: local. 10c per line; foreign, 10c per line. Subscription rate: local and foreign, $1.50. ♦ASSUMPTION, PRAIRIE STATE TRIBUNE: Established 1896. William F. Feuerhan, owner and editor. Assumption, population, 15 54. Located in Christian County, 2 3 miles southwest of Decatur. I. C. R.R. Brick-yards, machine shop, and creamery. The Tribune is published weekly on Thursday. John Howk was formerly the publisher. Subscription rate: local, S2.00; foreign, $2.00. •See Corn.ll Journal and Ransom Journal tSee Cornell Journal and Long PoinI Advocite +ic- Tower Hill Time!. 493 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History WAYNE CITY NEWS: Walter F. Rutter, owner and editor. Wayne City, population, 5 77. Located in Wayne County, 32 mile? southeast of Centralia. Sou. Ry. Broom factory; flour mill. Some timber. Agriculture, especially red top seed, poultry and dairy farming. The News is issued on Thursdays (dated Friday). Independent politically. % Circulation, 1200. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 26c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $1.00. Walter F. Rutter WESTFIELD REVIEW: Established 1890 by M. Sly. L. A. Weeden, owner, editor, and publisher since 1913. Westfijld. population, 933. Situated in Clark County, 48 miles south southwest of Danville. W. R. C. R.R. Ships live stock. Oil wells. Agriculture. The Westfield Review was purchased from the founder by Nathan Collins, who later sold to D. E. Baer. R. M. and James Dawson were the publishers when the paper was purchased by the present owner. The Review is a weekly paper, issued every Thurs- day. It is Independent in politics. Circulation, 900. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. WINDSOR GAZETTE: Established 1877 by J. L. Warden. Hugh S. Lilly and George E. Dunscomb, owners and editors since 1894. Windsor, population, 92 5. Situated in Shelby County, 3 5 miles southeast of Decatur. C. C. C. & St. L.; Wabash' R.R. *s. State high- ways 16, 32 and 129. Bottling plant; creamery. Agriculture, live stock, dairying. 'SjfiS The Windsor Gazette was first establi hed ■ <9^fefe- weekl) publication, bul changed to a semi-weekly by Lilly and Dunscomb in 1923. ^"\ Miss Rubye E. Jones. St. Elmo, population, 1300. Located in Fayette County, midway on Route 40 (Old National Trail) between St. Louis and Terre Haute, on Penn- sylvania and C. & E. I. R.R.'s. Home of the famous faith healer. Dr. F. \V. Smith, and the St. Elmo Housing Co., manufacturers of portable buildings. The Banner is published every Thursday and is Independent Republican in politics. It is one of the oldest papers in Fayette County. It ceased publication for several years and was revived by the present owner in 1925, two papers then being published in St. Elmo until Miss Jones purchased the Press in 1926, leaving onlv one paper, the Banner. Circulation, 1051. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, SI. 5 0. R.UBY1 ] . |..M STOCKTON HERALD-NEWS: Established 1888 by J. W. Klock. John and Charles Sughroe, owners. Charles Sughroe, editor and business manager since 1931. Stockton, population, 1505. Located in Jo Daviess County. 22 miles west of Freeport. C. G. W. R.R. Railroad terminal. Cheese factory. Agri- culture, dairying. John Sughroe pvirchased the Herald in 189 5 and later con- solidated it with the News, which was established in 1899. This paper is published weekly, appearing on Wednesday. It is Inde- pendent in political affiliation. "Mickie, the Printer's Devil" was originated by Charles Sughroe, from experience gained while work- ing in the Herald-News plant. Circulation, 1000. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, S2.00; foreign, S2.00. 505 John Sughroe Illinois Newspaper Directory and History NORTH SHORE NEWS: Established 1890 by H. E. Rounds. William Saunders, editor and business manager since 1915. Owned by the North Shore News Publishing Company, William Saunders, president. The Rogers Park Herald, which was established in 1887 by L. H. Jennings, was amalgamated with the Rogers Park News in 1893, with H. E. Rounds as editor and L. H. Jennings as associate editor — the name of the paper then being changed to the Rogers Park News-Herald. The North Shore Subur- ban, founded 189 5 by J. Harrison White, was absorbed by the News-Herald in 1900 and the collective papers assumed the name of the North Shore News. H. E. Rounds remained as editor and publisher for 17 years, selling to Hunt Brothers in 1908. In 19 15. the present publisher, William Saunders, purchased the News at re- ceiver's sale, and immediately set about to improve the plant, install- ing all new and improved machinery, and acquiring the North Shore News building at 702 8 North Clark Street. Mr. Saunders, who in 1892 had established the Parish Press, publisher of monthly church papers for a large number of Chicago and suburban churches, con- solidated his church publishing business with the North Shore News, making it one of the most complete publishing and printing plants on the North Side. The North Shore News has the distinction of being the oldest community paper in Chicago, or suburbs. This paper is published every Friday, and is thoroughly Independent in politics. Circulation, 41 50. Advertising rate: local, SI. 00; foreign, $1.00. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. William Saunders VERSAILLES INDEPENDENT: Established 1930 by Rollo R. Robbins. Eugene Haney, owner. Lester L. Lippincott editor since May 25, 1933. Versailles, population 5 15. Situated in Brown County, 8 miles southeast of Mt. Sterling. Canning and yeast factories. Fruit growing and agriculture. Railroad ties. The Versailles Independent was first published by J. Ed Heflin, of Versailles, who operated under a lease from Rollo R. Robbins- of Augusta. It was then taken over by Eugene Haney who has been associated with the paper from its organization. It is Independent in politics, is a weekly paper and is issued every Thursday. Circulation, 600. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 20c Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $1.00. -WESTERN SPRINGS TIMES: Established 1910 by the Citizen Publishing Com- pany of LaGrange. W. H. MacMillan, editor and business manager. Western Springs, population, 12 5 8. Located in Cook County, 15 miles southwest of Chicago. C. B. & Q- R-R- Seed farms and nurseries. Suburban residential district. The Western Springs Times is a strictly local publication of from 6 to 10 pages. It is. issued every Friday, and is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 92 5. Advertising rate: local, 45c; foreign, 45c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. See UGrnnp < itizen; Riverside News; Brookfield Suburb.m-Mjgr.ct. Illinois \'i a\ si>.\i>lk Directory and Hisioki BLUE ISLAND SUBURBAN STAR: Established 1922 by John H. Volp, Homer B. Clemmons and Myron S. Jones. Owned by the Associated Suburban Publishers, Inc., John H. Volp, president .ind general manager; Homer B. Clemmons, treasurer; Harold C. Volp, vice-president; Joseph W. Lemtz, secretary; Hill Lakin, editor, Blue Island edi- tion; Wesley A. Volp, editor, Ridge edition. Blue Island, population I6,0S9. Located in Cook County on the Calumet River, 16 miles south of Chicago. C. R. I. & P.; C. M. St. P. & Pac; I. C; B. & O. C. T. R.R.'s. Pickle factory; wire mill; railroad yards; brick yards; cooperage works; car, iron, steel and specialty works. Agriculture. Residential suburb of Chicago. The first paper founded in Blue Island was the Herald, established in 1873. This lasted only four years, the remains of the plant being purchased by S. F. Wuest, who succeeded in printing the paper for a few years under the name of the Standard. Eugene M. Pope was the publisher for several years, selling in 1887 to S. C. Reed. Howard Hamilton and John H. Volp bought the Standard in 1888, Hamilton soon selling his interest to Wade Errett. The firm of Errett and Volp continued only little more than one year, when Volp sold his interest to his partner and established a rival newspaper, which he named the Blue Island Sun. He continued this publication successfully until 1918 when the older paper, the Standard, which in the meantime had been purchased bv Roy Phillips, was consolidated with the Sun under the name of Blue Island Sun- Standard. At the same time the business was incorporated under the name Blue Island Publishing Corporation with John H. Volp as president. In 1920 the corporation moved to its present quarters at 2348-50 West Vermont St. Phillips retired from the corporation but retained his interest in the consolidated paper. This interest was later bought by Myron S. Jones and Homer B. Clemmons. At this time the corporation also published another Chicago suburban paper called the Suburban Star. In August, 1930, these two papers were merged under the newspaper name of Suburban Star. The combined paper is printed every Friday by the Associated Suburban Publishers, Inc., at the plant of the Blue Island Publishing Corporation. Two editions are printed, both carrying the same advertising — display, classified and reader. One edition serves Blue Island and sur- rounding territory, while the other circulates in the Morgan Park, Beverly Hills, Washing- ton Heights, Mount Greenwood, Oak Lawn and Evergreen Park sections. The Suburban Star is Independent in its political affiliation. Subscription rate: local, SI. 50; foreign, $2.50. Advertising rate: local, 85c; foreign, 95c. Circulation, 6000. 507 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History SALEM REPUBLICAN: Established 1860. C. W. Vursell Dietrick, business manager. Owned by the Republican Publishing Salem, population, 45 00. County seat of Marion County, located on U. S. Highway No. 5 0, 69 miles east of St. Louis, Missouri, and on State Highway No. 142, 2 59 miles south of Chicago. B. & C; C. & E. I.; M. & I. R.R.'s; underwear, clothing and shoe factories; cream- ery; railroad shops; fruit drying plant. Coal mines. Agriculture, fruit raising. The Salem Republican is a weekly publi- cation, issued every Thursday. As the name implies, it is Republican in its political affilia- tion. The paper maintains a carrier delivery C. w. \ ursell system for subscribers within the city. Circulation, 2000. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, S1.5 0; foreign, $1.5 0. editor. Company Adolph TEUTOPOL1S PRESS: Established 1898 by C. A. Worman. John H. Probst, editor and business manager. Owned bv the Wor- man Printer)*, Incorporated. Teutopolis, population, 710. Located in Erfingham County, 5 5 miles southeast of Decatur. P. R.R. Flour Mill. Timber. Agri- culture. The Press is a weekly publication, appearing every Thursday. It is Independent in politics. Circulation, 1 140. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, S2.00; foreign, $2.50. «■ / m TONICA NEWS: Established 1874 by C. M. Keller. Ray Richardson, editor and publisher since 1909. Tonica, population, 5 00. Located in LaSalle County, 7 miles south of LaSalle. Rail- road name, Ticona. C. B. & Q. ; I. C. R.R.'s. Pottery and brick plants. Agriculture, dairying. The founder of the Tonica News owned the paper for two years, at the end of that time selling to W. A. McGrew. Mr. McGrew retained the paper until 1878, when he sold to J. W. Richardson, father of the present owner. In 1900 the paper was published by Richardson & Son, passing into the complete control of Rav Richardson in 1909. The News is a weekly paper, appearing every Friday, and is Independent Republican in politics. Circulation, 978. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 26c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. 508 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History OQUAWKA, HENDERSON COUNTY JOURNAL: Established 1878 by Eugene A. Hail. R. E. Brooking, owner and editor since 1923. Oquawka, population, 777 . Henderson County population between 7000 and 8000. Located on the Mississippi river in Henderson County, 12 miles above Burlington, Iowa. C. B. & Q. R.R. Pearl button, cigar, and broom factories. Fisheries. Limestone deposits. Agriculture. One of the most historic towns in the state, con- taining the burial place of Blackhawk's daughter; the old Colonial courthouse where Stephen A. Douglas presided as its first circuit judge; and the home of Sumner Phelps, where Abraham Lincoln visited on his tour of debates with Douglas, his room being kept intact as it was at the time of his visit. The Henderson County Journal was established by the present owner's step-father, Eugene A. Hail, in 1878, and has since been issued continuously for nearly 56 years, never missing a week's pub- lication. R. E. Brooking, the present owner, has been editor of the Journal for the past ten years, and ten years prior to that was a silent partner of Mr. Hail. Hence the Journal has been kept in one family since its beginning. This is a weekly paper, appearing every Thursday. It is Republican in politics. It is the county paper and circulates in every village and township of the county, hence it reaches both the city folks and the farmers. Circulation, 1125. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. OTTAWA, LA SALLE COUNTY HEROLD: Established IS who has been editor and publisher since that date. Mrs. C. Zwanzig, Ottawa, population, 15,042. County seat of LaSalle County, located on the Illinois River and the Illinois and Michigan Canal, 14 miles east of LaSalle. C. B. & Q.; C. R. I. & P. R.R.'s. Glass, plate glass, fire brick, building tile, clay products, elevators, corn dumps, radium, steel and foundry products, and garment and farm implement manufactories. Pleasant View Lutheran College; St. Xavier's Academy; Ottawa Tuberculosis Sanatorium. Coal mines, clay and silica sand pits. Silica sand is mined, washed, dried, and shipped. Agriculture. The Herold is a weekly publication, appearing every Friday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Advertising rate: local, $1.40 per inch. Subscription rate: local, $3.50; foreign, $4.50. 80 by C. Zwanzig, owner. ROSEVILLE TIMES-CITIZEN: Established 1878. Roseville Printing & Publishing Company, owner; E. E. Burns, editor. Roseville, population, 975. Located in Warren Countv, 22 miles southwest of Gales- burg. C. B. & Q. R.R. Agriculture. The Times-Citizen is published on Thursday afternoon, and is Independent in politics. Circulation, 1026. Advertising rate: local, 21c; foreign, 21c. Subscription rate: local, S2.00; foreign, $2.00. 509 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History CHAMPAIGN NEWS-GAZETTE: Established 18 52 by Dr. John \V. Scroggs and William O. Stoddard. Owned by Champaign News-Gazette, Inc., Robert P. McKinley, president; E. C. Bleau, editor. Champaign-Urbana, population, 53,390. Located in Champaign County. Urbana and Champaign form practically one town; Champaign contains practically all of the busi- ness section, while Urbana is the county seat. The municipal government and the post offices are the only separate institutions. The University of Illinois is situated equally in both towns. 129 miles southwest of Chicago. I. C; C. C. C. & St. L.; Illinois Terminal; Wabash R.R.'s. Small manufactories. Agriculture, soy beans. The News-Gazette is a daily publication, and also issues a Sunday edition. It is Independent Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 13,3 30. Advertising rate: local, 65c to $1.25 per inch; foreign, 6c per line. Subscription rate: local, 20c per week. CICERO SUBURBAN LEADER: Established 192 5 by William Cepak, who has been the editor and publisher since that time. The Suburban Leader is a weekly publication, issued every Thursday. It is Independ- ent in political affiliation. Circulation, 22.6S4. Advertising rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $2.00. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. BELLWOOD STAR PROGRESS: Consolidated 192 9 by Lester D. Wilcox, who has been the owner, editor and publisher since that date. Bellwood, population 4985. Located in Cook County, 12 miles west of Chicago. Railroad and express station, Melrose Park. C. & N-W, R.R. Steel casting, car coupler, milk can and electrical specialty factories. Limestone quarry. Residential suburb of Chicago. The Star-Progress is a consolidation of the Bellwood Star, founded 190 5 by the Com- munity Newspaper Company, and the Bellwood Progress, established 1929 by Lester D. Wilcox. This paper is a weekly edition and is published every Thursday. It is Independent in politics. Circulation, 1990. Advertising rate: local, 75c; foreign, 75c. Subscription rate: local and foreign, $1.00. GARDNER CHRONICLE: Estab'ished 1894. Parkinson & Co., publishers, H. H. Parkinson, editor. Gardner, population 8 69. Located in Grundy County, 23 miles west of Kankakee. C. & A.; C. C. C. & St. L. R.R.'s. Clothing factory. Agriculture. The Chronicle is published every Thursday and is Independent in politics. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 25c. Circulation, 450. -(-INDUSTRY PRESS: Established 1916. Owner, Rollo Robbins; editor, Mrs. L. Gantz. Industry, population, 5 68. Located in McDonough County, 12 miles southeast of Macomb. Agriculture, live stock. The Press is issued each Thursday, and is Independent politically. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. »S« Braidwood Index. tSce Augusta Eagle, Plymouth Tri-Coumy Scribe. Iminuin X'iwm'ai'ik Dirk wrv and History I3RAIDWOOD INDEX: Established 1928. Parkinson & Co., publishers. H. H. Parkinson, editor. Braidwood, population 1500. Located in Will County, 20 miles south of Joliet. C. & A. R.R. Macaroni factory, pants factory. Coal mines, fire-clay and sand deposits. Truck farming. The Index is published each Thursday and is Independent in politics. Circulation, 4 5 0. Advertising rates: local, 15c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rates: local, $1.50; foreign, $.1.50. EDWARDSVILLE, MADISON COUNTY NEWS: Established 1933. Richard F. Wood and Naomi Buck Wood, owners. Mrs. Wood, editor. Edwardsvillt, population 6,235. Located in Madison County, IS miles northeast of St. Louis, Mo. N. Y. C. & St. L.; L. & M.; Wabash R.R.'s Brass works; wood-working plant; creamery; brick; steam and hot water radiator; plumbers' supplies; shirt factories. Coal mines, agriculture The Madison County News is a successor to the Edwardsville Republican which was first established in 1864 and which was run as a political organ for many years. The News is Independent po- litically and is issued each Friday morning. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 35c Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $1.50 TISKTLWA CHIEF: Established 1887 by William M. Repine, who is the present owner and publisher. R. L. Meyers, business manager; Mrs. Marjorie H. Meyers, editor. Tiskilwa, population 897. Located in Bureau County on the Illinois and Mississippi canal, 122 miles west of Chicago. C. R. I. & P. R.R. Cheese factory, concrete culvert pipe and block plant. Agriculture, poultry, live stock. The Chief is a weekly Independent paper established in 1887 bv William M. Repine, who, since that time, has been the editor and publisher almost continuously. At various times, however, the paper has been edited by John R. Sapp, Harold F. Smith, Thomas Daniel and V. K. Baker. Circulation, 5 50. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local and foreign, $1.50. C. R. plow, shirt Aeri- PERU NEWS-HERALD: Established 1879. The Daily News-Herald, lnc.,0 H. R. Corwin, president. Ira J. Williams, editor and publisher. Peru, population, 9,12 1. Located in LaSalle County, 3 miles west of LaSalle. I. & P.; C. B. & Q. R.R.'s. Extensive zinc works, wheel, clock, weather strip, punt, tile, sulfuric acid works; scale and patent pump, mattress, cigar, varnish, garter factories; boiler, foundry and machine shops. Coal mines, cement rock quarries, culture. The News-Herald is issued each afternoon, except Sunday. Politically Independent Republican. Former owners include the late H. S. Corwin and Corwin & Corwin. Circulation, 2400. Advertising rate: local 30c; foreign, .02'_ miles south of Decatur. I. C. R.R. Coal mines. General farming, livestock. The News is issued each Wednesday, and is Independent polit- ically. Former owners were A. J. Steidley, Bryce P. Smith, Spicer & McGinley, Longenbaugh & Day. Circulation, 400. Advertising rate: local, 15-20c; foreign, 15-20c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $1.00. ANNA TALK: Established 1883 by Rev. W. \\". Faris Edgar A. Davie, editor, owner, and publisher. The Anna Talk is a weekly publication, which is issued ever) Friday. It is entirely Independent in its political affiliation. lormtr owners of this paper have included Rev. W. W. Faris, the founder, .md R. Lynn Minton. Circulation, 2050. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign. Si. 50. 1 DGAR A. l>vwi PALMYRA TRANSCRIPT: Established 1SS6. Owner, Palmyra Printing Co. Business manager, Miss Maud Hoff. Palmyra, population, 760. Located in Macoupin County, 3 3 miles southwest of Springfield. C. S. & St. L.; C. & A. R. R.'s. Concrete block and tile factory; creamery. Ships hay, wheat, corn and poultry. Agriculture. The Transcript is published each Thursday, and is Independent politically. Rosv Etter was the previous owner. Circulation, 650. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History :: NEW BERLIN BEE: Established 1933 by Allan Cole, as successor to New Berlin Tribune which was established in 1889. Mrs. Molly Clayton Cole, editor. New Berlin, population, 661. Located in Sangamon County, 16 miles southwest of Springfield. Wabash R.R. Grain elevators. Farming. The Bee is issued each Friday and is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 560. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: $1.50 per year. l.EMONT OPTIMIST-NEWS: Established 1913 by Stewart Fulmer. M. K. Wil- liams and M. R. Williams, owners. Chas. F. Richards, editor and business manager. Lemont, population, 2,584. Located on the DesPlaines River in Cook County, 25 miles southwest of Chicago. Steamboat connection. C. & A.; A. T. & S. F. R.R.'s. Drainage and ship canal. Industries include a c'othing factory, aluminum factories, grain elevator, and bottling works. There are also large quarries and fine limestone known as marble. The Optimist-News is a consolidation of the Optimist, established by Stewart Fulmer, and the News which was bought by Fulmer and consolidated with his paper in 1914. It is a weekly publication, printed on Thursdays, with Independent Republican political affiliation. Circulation, 1000. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 40c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. CAIRO EVENING CITIZEN: Established 188 5 by George Fisher. John C. Fisher, editor and manager. Selden Fisher, assistant manager. The Citizen Company, owner. Cairo, population, 13,52 5. County seat of Alexander County located at the junc- tion of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, 150 miles southeast of St. Louis, Missouri. I. C; St. L. S. W.; M. &.O.; C. C. C. & St. L.; and M. P. R.R.'s. Highway bridge to Bird Point, Missouri and ferries to Wickliffe and East Cairo, Kentucky Grain elevators. Sewing machine, bottling, handle and carriage works. Cotton gins, and oil and coke mills. Shipping center, by highway, water, and rail. Clay deposits. Agriculture. The Citizen has been in the Fisher family continuously since the time of its establishment until the present day. George Fisher first founded the paper as a weekly in 188 5. The daily was estab- lished in October, 1899, and is the only daily newspaper in Cairo and the four southern counties of Illinois. In 192 8 the Citizen purchased the Cairo Bulletin. This paper is Independent in political affiliation, has a modern plant and receives full leased wire Asso- ciated Press report. Jor C. Fisher Circulation, 548 3. Advertising rate: Subscription rate: local, 45-60c; foreign, 4'2-5'jC per line, local, 15c per week; foreign, 50c per month. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History WOODSTOCK DAILY SENTINEL: Established 1856 by a group of McHenry County pioneers. Charles F. Renich. owner, editor, and publisher since 1906. Woodstock, population, 5,471. County seat of McHenry County, located 5 1 miles northwest of Chicago. C. & X. W. R.R. I eed mills; foundry and machine shops; disap- pearing bed and typewriter factories; pickle works; creamery. Todd Seminary. Agriculture. The Woodstock Daily Sentinel now in its 77th year, was rirst t-t.iblished as a weekly paper in 1856 to support the candidacy of John C. Fremont, the first Republican candidate for President of the United States. In 1906 the printing plants of the Sentinel and the Volksblatt, a local German paper, were consolidated, both news- papers being published from the present location of the Daily Sentinel office. Charles F. Renich became editor and manager of the Sentinel at this time, the ownership after the consolidation of the papers, being expanded by the acquisition of a large group of additional investors. Some 1 5 years previous to this merger, the Sentinel was the property of Luman T. Hoy, E. C. Jewett, lodge C. H. Donnelly, all of Woodstock, and Judge E. T. Glennon of Chicago. In 1916 the German paper was discontinued, and the following year, the Republican, a weekly competitor was purchased and merged with the Sentinel. In 1921 the Sentinel became a daily paper. Five years later the reader list and goodwill of another Woodstock paper had been merged with the Sentinel, thus causing the discontinuance of the weekly edition which had been carried for several years. The Sentinel, which is the oldest newspaper in Northeastern Illinois, has been under the present management for the past 26 years. It is issued every day, with the exception of Sunday, and is Republican in politics. Circulation, 3000. Advertising rate: local, 3c pel ( HAIU I s 1 . 1\1 M , 3c per line; foreign, 3c per line Subscription rate: local, 55.00, by earner; in county, county, $4.00. bv mail, $3.00; out of TUSCOLA REVIEW: Established 1S7S by Converse and Parks. editor and manager. The Tuscola Review, Inc., owners. Tuscola, population, 2,5 69. County seat of Douglas County, located 36 miles east of Decatur. I. C; C. & E. I.; B. & O. R.R.V Ironing board, woodenware, canning, specialty factories. Agriculture. The Tuscola Review was purchased from its founder by Charles W. Wilson in 188U. Mr. Wilson remained in control of the paper until 1931 when he disposed of it to the present management. The Review is a weeklv paper, issued every Thursday. It is Democratic in its political affiliation. Everett H. Bruhn. Circulation, 2643. Advertising rate: Subscription rate: local, 30c; foreign, 42c. local. s2.oo; foreign, $2.20. I\IK11I H. BRL'HN Illinois Newspaper Directory and History PESOTUM CHIEF: Established 1902 by A. Alblinger. B. L. Goetz, publisher; W. Henderson, editor. Pesotum, population, 404. Located in Champaign County, 15 miles south of Champaign. I. C. R.R. Elevators. Agriculture. The Chief is published every Thursday, and is Democratic politically. Former owners include A. F. Alblinger, Clyde Sellee, Hugh P. Rigney, M. W. Briner. Circulation, 46 5. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $1.5 0. PITTSFIELD, PIKE COUNTY DEMOCRAT Abbott. W. Carroll Bush, Jr., owner and publisher. Pittsfield, population, 23 54. Located in Pike County, about 40 miles southeast of Quincy. Wabash R.R. Shoe factory; novelty and wood turning plant; flour mill. Trading center. Agriculture. Early owners of the Pike County Demo- crat included Milton J, Abbott and Robert F. Frazier. J. M. Bush purchased the Democrat August 10, 186 5, since which time it has re- mained in the Bush family. The various owners have been J. M. Bush, J. M. Bush & Sons, W. C. & J. M. Bush, Jr., and W. C. Bush. As the vi . Carroll Bush name indicates, this paper is Democratic in its politics. It is published weekly, appearing every Wednesday. Circulation, 2 500. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, S2.00; foreign, $2.00. Established 1857 by Milton J. RICHMOND GAZETTE: Established 1876 by H. Begun. Albert L. Johnson, editor and publisher since 1926. Richmond, population, 600. Located in McHenry County on U. S. Cement Route 12, 65 miles northwest of Chicago, 12 miles south of Lake Geneva, Wis. C. & N. W. R.R. Milk factory. Dairy farming community. Midst of lake and river resort territory. The Gazette is a six-column, eight to twelve page weekly, all ' home print, issued on Thursdays and is Republican in political affiliation. Previous owners have included Geo. Utter, J. Nethercut, t; P. K. Wright, F. E. Holmes, R. E. Scott, John Brill, H. B. Gaston, j |l The Genoa City (Wis.) Broadcaster is also printed at the Gazette office, having been established in 192 5. Circulation, 750. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. Aluer 520 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History ALBION JOURNAL-REGISTER: Established 1869. Founder unknown. L. E. Shoemaker, editor and publisher since 192 6. Albion, population, 1,666, County seat of Edwards County, located 40 miles north- west of Evansville, Indiana. Soo Ry., Men's clothing, paving block, and face brick factories. Flour mills. Agriculture. The Journal-Register is published every Thursday, and is Republican in politics. Former owners of this paper have included G. W. Bince, Frank Coles, Jr., Walter Colyer, and Albert Bowman. Circulation, 2150. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign. 35c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. ALTAMONT HERALD: Established, 1932, by Fred W. Hasemeier, owner, editor, and publisher since the date of establish- ment. Altamont, population, 12 24. Located in Effingham County, 5 5 miles south of Decatur. B. & O.; Wabash; C. & E. I.; and P. R.R.'s. Egg case, glove, pants, and furniture factories. Creamery, St. Louis Dairy Co.; dairy farming; poultry raising. Agriculture. The Altamont Herald is a weekly publication, issued every Wednesday. It was formerly issued but was suspended .uid publication resumed in August, 1932. Circulation, 1200. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 35c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.75. I in n \\ . 1 1 ALTAMONT and publisher since The Altamont II. II. Hun i NEWS: Established in 1881 by G. W. Grove. H. H. Bailey, editor 1906. News was taken over in 1884 by Owen Scott and George M. LeCrone as publishers and S. F. Gillespie as editor. Later the publishers were LeCrone and Coleman, the latter being Senator Frank M. Coleman of Vandalia. In 1886 the News was purchased by Levi J. Wallach who continued as publisher until his death in 1896. He was followed by Frank M. Schilling who sold the paper in May, 1906 to H. H. Bailey, superintendent of the Albion Public Schools and former super- intendent at Altamont. The News is issued every Wednesday and is Independent in politics. The Country Teacher, a publication devoted to rural and grade schools, is also published by Mr. Bailey from the Altamont office. Circulation, 1000. Advertising rate: local, 22c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, > 1 . 5 ; foreign, $1.5 0. : ALVIN NEWS: Established 1928. George A. Reinhardt. owner and editor. Alvin, located about 12 miles north of Danville, in Vermilion County. I. C. and C. &C E. I. R.R.'s. The News is published each Thursday and is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 275. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 35c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. 521 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History -ATLANTA ARGUS: Established 1869 by Albion Smith. Crihfield Bros., Inc., owners. H. Crihfield, editor. Atlanta, population, 1 169. Located in Logan County. 19 miles south of Bloomington. The Alton and Pennsylvania railroads. Agriculture. The Atlanta Argus was founded by Albion Smith in May, 18 69. At the end of the year Mr. Smith admitted F. B. Mills as a partner and after a time Smith and Mills sold to A. W. Briggs and he to George L. Shoals. It was during the Shoals ownership that the Crihfield family became indenti- fied with the Argus. H. Crihfield starting in as "devil," March 25, 1875, since which time, a period of 57 years, he has had a continuous active connection with the paper. In November, 1S81, Mr. Crihfield purchased the plant and in 1885 Robert C. Crihfield, a younger brother, on reaching his majority, was admitted as a partner and took charge of the Minier branch of the business, which he managed for thirty- rive years until his death in 1921. In 1908 the business was incorporated under the corporate name of Crihfield Bros., Inc., and H. Crihrield's two sons, Philip A. and Robert Eugene, were admitted to ownership and active management in the business. R. E. Crihfield died in 1925. The present officers of the company are H. Crihfield, president; P. A. Crihfield, secretary and treasurer. In addition to the Atlanta Argus, p. 2 \ the corporation owns and publishes the Minier News, the McLean Lens, the Waynesville Record, the Stanford Star and the Armington Helper. Circulation, 8 5 0. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 25c. J. T. Jones ARGENTA REGISTER: Established 1916 by George Goldsby. J. T. Jones, editor and publisher since October, 1922. Argenta, population, 528. Situated in Macon County, 12 miles northeast of Decatur. Agriculture. The Argenta Register is a weekly periodical, which is published every Thursday. It is Independent in politics. Circulation, 630 Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign. 20c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. BEECHER HERALD: Established 1907 by D. J. Stevens. C. A. Stevens, editor and publisher since 1933. Beecher, population, 667. Located in Will County, 3 8 miles south of Chicago. C. & E. I. R.R. Butter, broom, and gun factories. Creamery. Agriculture, Dairying. The Herald is published weekly, on Thursdays, and is Republican in politics. Circulation, 92 3. Advertising rate: local, 20c by contract; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: $2.00. •See also Armington Helper. Mclean New.. M.nier News. Stanford Star. Waynesville Record. 522 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History 1 . J. Parki BARRINGTON COMMUNITY COURIER: Established 1927 by Edwin J. Parke. Edwin J. Parke, managing editor. P. W. Schroedcr and L. A. Piatt, owners. Barrington, population, 3,213. Lake County, 15 miles northeast of Elgin. C. & N. W.j E. J. & E. R. R.'s. Coffee and tea roasting and packing, milk bottling plants; artificial silk, iron products factories. Residential town. Dairy, poultry and truck farms. The Community Courier is a weekly paper, issued every Friday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Published at Barrington and covers northwest Cook and southwest Lake Counties. Circulation, 5099. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 40c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $1.00. CASEY BANNER TIMES: Established 1872 by B. F. Ward, Ralph M. Brooke, editor and publisher since 1904. Casey, population, 2200. Situated in Clark County, 3 5 miles west southwest of Terre Haute, Ind. W. R. C; P. R. R.'s. Shoe factory. Oil field. Agriculture. The Times is a weekly paper, published every Friday. In political matters it is neutral. Circulation, 93 8. Advertising rate: local, 33c; foreign, 33c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. BAYLIS GUIDE: Established 1890 by A. C. Bentley and D. E. Donly. C. \V. and Omer Bridgman, owners and editors since December, 1930. Baylis, population, 388. Located in Pike County, 32 miles southeast of Quincy. Wabash R. R. Coal mines. Stock, dairy, and poultry farms. The first paper to be published at Baylis was the Budget, established 1SS9 by Turner Brothers. The following year saw it discon- tinued and the founding by A. C. Bentley and D. E. Donly of the Guide, which was pub- lished until 189 5 by the founders. At the end of that time Donly took over the entire charge of the paper, leasing it within a few months to E. H. Bryant and Leo Peterson. In 1896, Dr. R. J. McConnell, J. F. Bogan, and G. R. Haines became the publishers, followed by The Guide Printing Company, which pub- lished the paper for several years, with George Omlr Bridgman r, tt ■ i- r> t> C. V. Bridgman K. Haines as managing editor. Kev. Bertram Ellwood next purchased the Guide and was succeeded by James W. Yates. In 1926 the paper was bought by Frank L. Hodges, who continued as editor and publisher until 1930, when the present owners began publication. Circulation, 400. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, si. 5 0. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History ''ARMINGTON HELPER: Established by Crihfield Brothers, present owners. L. J. Atteberry, editor. Armington, population, 368. Located in Tazewell County, 28 miles southeast of Peoria. P. R. R. Sawmill; maple syrup factory. Hardwood timber. Agriculture. The Armington Helper is a weekly publication, issued every Friday. It is Independent in political affiliation. This paper has been owned by Crihfield Brothers since its estab- lishment, and it is printed by them at their plant in Atlanta. Circulation, 300. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 15c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. tATKINSON NEWS: Established 1914 by Mr. Garner. J. R. Freddy, editor and publisher since 1926. Atkinson, population, 689. Located in Henry County on the Illinois-Mississippi Canal, 20 miles east of Rock Island. C. R. I. & P. RR. Creamery. Agriculture. The Atkinson News is published weekly, appearing every Thurs- day. In politics the paper is Republican. Circulation, 690. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. J. R. Freddy R. R. Robbins **AUGUSTA EAGLE: Established 1884 by F. A. Warden. Rollo R. Robbins, owner and editor. Augusta, population, 1007. Located in Hancock County, 36 miles northeast of Quincy. C. B. & Q. R.R. Concrete block factory; oil refinery. Coal mines; oil wells; potters' clay; mineral paint. Agriculture. The Augusta Eagle is published weekly, appearing every Thurs- day. It is Republican in political affiliation. Decker & Mead, Olen Emery, and Warden Brothers are among the former owners of the Eagle. Circulation: 1600. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. BLUE MOUND LEADER: Established 1887 by Nicholl & Reemsnyder. Alva D. Trainer, editor and publisher since 1919. Blue Mound, population 817. Located in Macon County, 15 miles southwest of Decatur. Wabash R.R. State Route 48. Ships grain and live stock. Agriculture. The Leader is published every Thursday and is Independent in political affiliation. Previous to the time the Leader was purchased by Alva D. Trainer it was owned by Frank Trainer, who had been in control since 1899. Circulation, 1000. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $1.5 0; foreign, sl.5 0. Nil nil i i.r s us, McLea Anniwan News Industry Press; Plvn Lens, Mlnicr News, Stanford uth. Tri-County Scribe. 524 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History CHARLESTON DAILY COURIER: Established 1840 by Benjamin Weir, editor and publisher since 1919. Charleston, population 8012. County seat of Coles County located 40 miles west nf Terre Haute, Indiana. N. Y. C. & St. L.; C. C. C. & St. L. R.R.'s. Broom, trunk, and shoe factories. Railroad machine shops. Eastern Illinois State Teachers' College. Agriculture. Accurate information regarding the history of the Courier be- tween its establishment and 1857 is not available. However, in 1857 ( leorge Harding became the owner and issued the paper under the title of the Charleston Ledger. In 18 59 Harding sold to John M. Eastin, who in turn sold to McHenrv Brooks. Shoaff & Underwood purchased the paper in 1867 changing the name to the Courier. Suc- ceeding owners included Major Miller, Buck & Underwood, E. B. Buck, Dunbar & Brown, Dunbar & George E. Mason, Mason & Strode, C. D. Strode, and Strode & Lee. C. L. Lee finally became the sole owner, and in 18 94 changed the paper to a daily. In 1900 Mr. Lee sold an interest to Cy Walls, but this partnership lasted only a few months, and from that date until 1919 Mr. Lee was in complete charge of the Courier. A weekly edition of the paper was continued for a number of years after the daily edition was started, but was discontinued about 1 5 years ago. The Courier now issues a daily afternoon paper and gets out a morning edition which is sent to the rural subscribers. This paper is Independent Democratic in politics. Circulation, 3000. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 40c. Subscription rate: local, $4.50; foreign, $5.50. Blnjamin Wei :> GALVA NEWS: Established 1878 by Bcall Brothers. John T. Nowlan, editor and business manager. James A. Nowlan, owner since 1916. Galva, population, 2875. Located in Henry County, 2 3 miles northeast of Galesburg- C. B. & Q.; C. R. I. & P. R.R.'s. Iron pump, spray pump, automobile washers, rug rack equipment, battery terminal, road machinery, and casket hardware factories. Heater works. Ships grain and live stock. Agriculture. The News was the last paper to be established at Galva and to date has outlived them all. Its first owners sold the paper after a year to Frank Boyd and Wade Errett, the latter selling his interest to Tom Boyd the following year. In 1883 the Bovd Brothers sold to Elmer E. Fitch who continued as owner and publisher until 1903, at the end of that time leasing the paper to his son, George Fitch, with Carroll Ragan as editor. The Galva Standard was combined with the News under the latter name in 1916. In 1931 the subscrip- tion list of the Altona Record-News was taken over by the Galva News, when that paper suspended publication. The News is issued and is Republican in politics. Circulation, 2450. Advertising rate: local, Subscription rate: local 3 5c; foreign, 3 5c. $2.00; foreign, $2.50. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History BRIMFIELD NEWS: Established 1884 by R. P. Chaddock. Mildred Pacey, editor and business manager. Owned by the A. Pacey Estate. Brimfield, population, 617. Located in Peoria County, 18 miles northwest of Peoria. C. B. & Q. R. R. Coal mines. Agriculture. The first paper to be established at Brimfield was the Gazette, founded in 1875 by Robert E. Miller, an Amherst graduate. Mr. Miller later made a deal with Elmwood men, and consequently removed the paper to that town. Some vears later the Peoria County News was estab- lished, edited by Moody and Chapman, who, due to their youth and inexperience, were forced to discontinue publication in a short time. R. P. Chaddock followed, founding the News which he successfully published until a fire completely destroyed the office and plant. He was refinanced by C. W. Hamilton, a local lawyer, and continued in his capacity as editor until he was called to Benton Harbor, Mich. He was succeeded by a Mr. Overacker who was soon compelled to sell the paper. In 18 88 the News was purchased by Pope and Pacey, Pacey buying out his partner's interest in 1894 and continuing as sole owner until his death May 12, 1930. Since that date the paper has been managed and edited by his daughter, Mildred E. Pacey. The News is published weekly and is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 600. Advertising rate: foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. Mil DRED Pacey BETHANY ECHO: Established 1887. Elmer Mcllwain, owner and editor. Bethany, population, 802. Located in Moultrie County, 18 miles southeast of Decatur. I. C. R.R. Farming. The Echo is published every Friday, and is Independent in politics. Frank Trainer was the owner from 1897 to 1899, and J. W. Mcllwain from 1899 to 1931. Circulation, 700. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. Elmer F. McIlwain BROCTON REVIEW: Established 1879 by C. B. Miller. Walter B. Clapp, owner, editor, and publisher since July 1, 1920. Brocton, population, 5 62. Located in Edgar County, 3 3 miles northwest of Terre Haute, Indiana. K. & S.; N. Y. C. & St. L. R.R.'s. Grain elevators. General farming. The Review is published every Wednesday, and is Democratic in its political affiliation. C. B. Miller and Don C. Estes are among the former owners of this paper. Circulation, 1220. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. 526 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History CARROI ETON (.AZETTE: Established 1X46 by G. B. Price. Rollins L. Scott and Ad.i Scott, owners since 1930. Rollins L. Scott, editor .ind publisher since 1930. The Carrollton Gazette during its many years of existence has been owned by the following: G. B. Price and R. B. Dedman; G. B. Price and Son; Thomas I). Price and H. L. Clay; Thomas D. Price and H. H. Montgomery; Thomas D. Price and H. P. Farrelly; Thomas D. Price and James McNabb; James McNabb; James McXabb and \\ . A. Hubbard; James McNabb and Benjamin Greer; and James Mc- Xabb. The Gazette is a weekly publication, issued every Thursday. It is Democratic in political affiliation. Circulation, 1900. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, SI. 50. CARTERVILLE HERALD: Established 1889. Frank Ledbetter. owner and editor since 1923. Carterville, population, 2866. Located in Williamson County, 48 miles north of Cairo. I. C. R.R. Coal mines, truck, poultry and fruit farms. The Herald is published each Thursday, entered as Friday. Among the more recent of former publishers were C. S. Coddington, now at Cedar Falls, Iowa, and L. Robertson (deceased). Republican-Inde- pendent politically . Circulation, 700. Subscription rate: local, si. 5 0; foreign, s.2.00. \dvertising rate: local, 1 5 . IS. 20c; foreign, 30c. Frank Lcdbeti DOWNERS GROVE REPORTER: Established 1883 by White and Williams. Walter J. Staats, editor and president of the Downers Grove Publishing Company, pub- lisher. Chester J. Winter, business and advertising manager, and secretary-treasurer of the company. Downers Grove, population, 8971. Situated in DuPage County, 2 1 miles west south- west of Chicago. C. B. & Q. R.R. Manufactures portable chicken houses, electric line- men's tools, electric fixtures, folding chairs, electric hoists and machin- ery, flavoring, portable garages, and houses. Dairy, poultry, and greenhouse industries. The Downers Grove Reporter is a weekly paper, issued every Thursday. It is Independent in its political affiliations. Former owners of the Reporter have included W". Harry Spear, H. C. Paddock, T. S. Campbell, and C. H. Staats. This paper was established 5 years ago and has been published continuously since that time. Circulation, 2600. Advertising rate: local, 50c; foreign, 60c. Subscription rate: local, S2.00; foreign, S2.00. Chester (.Winter 'See also Mound Cil 527 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History John W. Messimc CAMP POINT JOURNAL: Established 1872 by George Cyrus. John W. Messimore, editor and owner since 1931. Camp Point, population, 1028. Located in Adams County, 25 miles northeast of Quincy. C. B. & Q. R.R. Agriculture. Since its establishment the Camp Point Journal has been owned at various times by George Cyrus, Elmer T. Selby, Frank Groves, George J. Zimmer, and George Mockmore. The Journal is a weekly paper, eight pages, all home print, issued every Thursday. It is Re- publican in political affiliation. Circulation, 1572. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 40c. Subscription rate: local and foreign, $2.00. CANTON WEEKLY REVIEW: Established 1931 by Harry L. Baillie. Harry L. Baillie, owner, editor, and publisher. Canton, population, 1 1,718. Located in Fulton County, 31 miles southwest of Peoria. C. B. & Q., T P. & W. R.R.'s. Agricultural im- plements, clothing, mill work and box factories. Coal mines, clay pits. Diversified farming. The Canton Weekly Review was established in July, 1931 by Harry L. Baillie, formerly of the Havana (111.) Republican. The Weekly Review is published on Thursday and is Republican in polit- ical affiliation. Circulation, 1800. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $1.00. H. L. Baillie E. T. Gossett CERRO GORDO NEWS: Established 1908 by E. T. Gossett, who has been editor and publisher ever since. Cerro Gordo, population, 96 5. Situated in Piatt County, 12 miles east northeast of Decatur. Wabash R.R. Agriculture. The Cerro Gordo News is published weekly, and is issued every Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 470- Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. DUQUOIN DAILY NEWS AND REVIEW: Review established 1927, News 1932. A. M. Bierman, and J. E. Weber, owners. Alan D. Erwin, city editor. DuQuoin, population, 7,593. Located in Perry County, 3 5 miles south of Centralia. I. C. R.R. Packing and dairy plants; shoe, pump, and engine factories. Illinois Children's Home: Hospital. Coal, salt, shale deposits. Agriculture, fruit. The News and Review is published each afternoon except on Sunday. Independent politically. The Review was owned formerly by A. M. Bierman and Wm. Frank. Circulation, 1117. Advertising rates: local, 25c; foreign, 28c. Subscription rate: local, 10c week; foreign, $3.00-$4.50. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History CASEY REPORTER: Established 1932. J. M. Brown, owner and Editor. Casey, population, 2200. Located in Clark County, 3 5 miles southwest of Terre Haute. Intersection of Routes 49 and U. S. 40. \\". R. C; P. R.R.'s. Broom factory. Oilfields. Agriculture. The Reporter is published weekly, on Thursday. It is Repub- lican in political affiliation. Circulation, 8 5 0- Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 30c. Subcription rate: local, $1.00. J. M. Bko» s CHARLESTON DAILY NEWS: Established 1S92 by J K. Rardin. Claude S. Rardin, owner and publisher. Charleston, population, 8,012. Located in Coles County, 43 miles west of Terre Haute, [nd. \. Y. C. & St. L.; C. C. C. & St ! R.R.'s. Shoe, broom and paint factories; railroad machines shops. Eastern Illinois State Teachers' College. Agriculture. Corn, wheat and broom-corn. The Daily News has been in the Rardin family from the time of its establishment until the present day. The News is published every morning with the exception of Sunday. Ii is Independent Democratic in political affiliation. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, 10c per week; foreign, $3.50. FULTON JOURNAL: Established 18 54 by Judges James McCoy .m,\ Fred Phelps. Charles L. Wilcox, editor and manager, and secretary-treasurer of the Pulton Journal Publishing Company, Inc., owner. Fulton, population, 265 3. Located in Whiteside County on the Lincoln Highw.n and the Mississippi River, 2 miles above Clinton, Iowa. C. B. & Q.; C. M. St. P. & Pac; C. & N. \\". R.R.'s. Bridge to Lyons and Clinton, Iowa. Ships agricultural produce. Manufactures novelties. Agri- culture. Previous to 1880 the Journal was owned by A. McFadden. G. A. Leighton, G. J. Booth, and B. C. Galliday, G. J. Booth and Son. George Terwilliger, W. C. Snyder, Thomas J. Pickett, J. C. Snyder, and W. R. Cobb. In 18 80 the Sterling Gazette Company purchased the Journal, selling to Fred K. Bastian in 1881. The same year, Mr. Bastian sold a half interest to his brother, A. W. Bastian, who pur- chased the remaining interest in 1898, continuing as sole owner until 1923, when he sold to Malcomb McKinnon. McKinnon next sold to A. Bentley, R. F. Bastian, and C. L. Wilcox who operated under a partnership agreement until 1929 when Bastian sold out and the business was incorporated under the name Fulton Journal Publishing Company. Circulation, 800. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. 529 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History ; CHENOA CLIPPER-TIMES: Established 1867 by Silas F. Dyer and James Mc- Murtrie. William H. Hawthorne, owner and editor. Chenoa, population, 1324. Located in McLean County, 44 miles east of Peoria. T. P. & W.; C. & A. R.R.'s. Corn canning factory. Agriculture. The Clipper-Times during its period of existence has been owned by Louise M. Dyer, C. H. King, C. R. Spore, C. H. John and Bocard Brothers, Mann Brothers, C. W. Stickney, Hedge & Son, E. S. Pike, G. E. Stump, and Hawthorne & Stansbury. The Clipper-Times is published every Thursday, and is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 800. \\"m. H. Hawthorne Advertising rate: local, 20 and 25c; foreign, 25 and 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.50; foreign, $2.50. FINDLAY ENTERPRISE: Established 1889 by J. G. Cutter. Mrs. T. M. Worley, editor and publisher since 1904. Findlay, population, 8 82. Located in Shelby County, 2 5 miles southeast of Decatur. C. & E. I. R.R. Grain elevators. Diversified farming. The Enterprise is a weekly publication, issued every Thursday. It is Independent in politics. In 1903 the paper was purchased from William L. Johns by T. M. Worley, who continued publication until his death in 1904. Since that date, Mrs. Worley has been in complete charge of the Enterprise. Circulation, 75 0. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 20c Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. Mrs. T. M. Worley •j-CHILLICOTHE BULLETIN: Established 18S3 by Frank W. Bailey. G. P. Scott, editor and publisher. Chillicothe, population, 1977; North Chillicothe, adjoining, total population, 2981. Located in Peoria County, on the Illinois River, 18 miles north northeast of Peoria. C. R. I. & P.; A. T. & S. F. R.R.'s. Santa Fe Division and round house. Sand and gravel pits. Commercial fisheries. Agriculture. The Chillicothe Bulletin is a weekly paper, Republican in political affiliation. During its years of existence it has been sold but once, when Randolph Bailey, son of the founder of the Bulletin, to whom it was handed down in 1918, sold the paper to G. P. Scott in 1920. Circulation, 2100. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate, local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. See Gridlc) Adi ance, fSec Henry Ncws-Rcpublii Illinois \i w simim k Dikii 1010 and History GREENVIEW REVIEW: Established 1886 by G. W. Wetzell, Claude I . Petrie, sole owner, editor, and publisher since 1922. Greenview, population, 720. Located in Menard County, 2 5 miles north of Spring- field. S. & A. R.R. Coal mines. Agriculture, live stock, dairying. The Review was owned by its founder, G. W. Wetzell, for approximately three years, at the end of which time he sold to Arthur Hughes, 1889. Successive owners of the publication included James A. Bracken, Hopkins & Beatty, C. L. Hopkins, J- R. Arnold, and Edmund Arnold. In 1909 the Review was purchased by Rogers .\m.\ Pond, who continued as partners until 1916, when Mr. Rogers' part- nership was bought by Claude Petrie, and the name changed to Petrie and Pond. In 1922 Mr. Petrie purchased his partner's interest and became the sole proprietor of the Review, which position he has suc- cessfully maintained up to the present day. In 192 3 Mr. Petrie purchased the brick building which his father had built in 1893, and it now houses the Review plant. The Review is a weekly pub- lication, issued every Friday, and is Independent in its political affiliation. Circulation, 645. Advertising rate: local, lie; foreign 20 Mid 25c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. V. I. Kvow i i * ELKVILLE JOURNAL: Established 1922 by S. S. Allen. Victor I. Knowles, owner, editor, and publisher since March. 1932. Elkville, population, 12 00. Located in Jackson Count)'. 12 miles northwest of Murphysboro. I. C. R.R. Cream and poultrv station. Paint manufactory; meat packing plant. Coal mines. Dairy and fruit farms. The Journal is published weekly, appearing every Friday. It is Republican in political affiliation. Previous to the time the piper was purchased by the present owner it was under the sole manage- ment of S. S. Allen. Circulation, 822. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, si. 50; foreign, S2.00. DONGOLA RECORD: Established 1932. James II. Allen, owner and editor. Dongola is located in Union County, about 2 5 miles north of Cairo. I. C. R.R. The Record is published every Thursday, and is Independent politically. It was established by its present owner. Circulation, 400, sworn statement. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, si. 00; foreign, SI. 50. .1. 11. Allen 531 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Mrs. H. D. Wilms COLFAX PRESS: Established in 1888. Mr. & Mrs. Harold D. Willis, owners and editors. Colfax, population, 803. Located in Mc- Lean County, 23 miles east northeast of Bloom- ington. I. C. R.R. Agriculture. The press is issued every Thursday, and is Republican in its politics. Formerly owned by Entwistle & VanAlstyne. Circulation, 990. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $1.5 0; foreign. $2.00. H. D. Willis FREEBURG TRIBUNE: Established 1897 by L. D. Stuntz, Jr., Walter E. Smith, owner and editor since December 7, 1931. Freeburg, population, 1434. Located in Saint Clair County, 7 miles southeast of Belleville. I. C. R.R. Coal Mines. General farming. The Tribune was first known as the Freeburg News at the time of its establishment. The next owner, A. C. Hickman, however, changed the name to Tribune, which it has remained since then. C. P. Chapin, A. J. Doran, Charles M. Sexton and Quido E. Herman have also been owners of this paper. The Tribune is Independent in politics and is published every Friday. Circulation, 1025. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign. 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. COWDEN REFLECTOR: Established 1892 by O. A. Jew- ett, who has been editor and publisher since that date. Cowden, population, 616. Located in Shelby County, 5 rnihs south of Decatur. B. & O.; N. Y. C. & St. L. R.R.'s. Flour mills. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Cowden Reflector is a weekly paper, published every Thursday. It is Republican in politial affiliation. Circulation, 800. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, plate, 22c; hand set, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. O. A. Jewett EASTON ENTERPRISE: Established 1901. Gerald J. Blunt, owner and editor. Easton, population, 403. Located in Mason County, 40 miles north of Springfield. I. C. R.R. Grain and livestock farms. The Enterprise is published each Thursday and is Independent in political affiliation Former owners included W- W. Milby, R. D. Ross, and J. D. Perkins. Circulation, 52 5. Advertising rates: local, 20c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rates, local, $1.00; foreign, $1.5 0. 532 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History DAHLGREN ditor and publisher |. (,. I I AM1L TON- ECHO: Established 1902 by G. T. Rhoades. James G. Hamilton, Mrs. Willi, Hamilton, assistant. Dahlgren, population, 1836. Located in Hamilton County, 33 miles southeast of Ccntralia. L. & N. R.R. Dairy, fruit, and general farming. Elour mill. On Route 142. The Dahlgren Echo is a weekly publication, issued every Thurs- day. It is Independent in political affiliation. G. T. Rhoades, who founded the Echo, remained as its publisher until his death in 1929. The present publisher has leased the plant since 1926. The paper was started by Theo. P Stelle, deceased, and he printed it on a small job press. Circulation, 1000. Advertising rate: local, 15-20c; foreign, 2 5-30c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $1.00. CARBONDALE HERALD: Established 1892 by W. S. Hill and John T. Galbraith. Present editor and owner, D. H. Cameron. Carbondale, population, 7528. located in Jackson County, 57 miles north of Cairo. I. C; Murphyb. & S'thrn. 111. R.R.'s. Tie manufacturing plant; shoe factory; glove factory; pants factory: mill. Railroad terminal. Southern Illinois Normal University. Coa mines. Agriculture. The Herald is published every Friday, and is Independent polit- ically. John Barton was a former publisher, also Bert E. Hill, who sold his interest to his partner, the present owner, in 1932. Circulation, 1547. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, si. DO, foreign, $1.50. CHANDLERVILLE TIMES: Established 1876 by Charles A. Skaggs. Ora Shank- land, owner, editor and publisher since September 1 1, 1911. Chandlerville, population, 826. Located in north part of Cass County, 30 miles northwest of Springfield. On Route 78. J. & H. R.R. In the Corn Belt of Illinois and near some of the best hunting and fishing grounds in central Illinois. Trading center. Stock rais- ing. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Times is issued each Friday and is all home print. It is Independent in political affairs. Various owners have included Charles A. Skaggs, Eb. Spink and E. O. Spink. The present owner began his newspaper work on the Times in 1900, under the direction of Eb. Spink. Circulation, 5 00. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. 533 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History CRYSTAL LAKE HERALD: Established 1875 by Ira N. Mallory. L. W. Cobb, owner and publisher. Ralph B. Boyle, city editor. Crystal Lake, population, 3724. Situated in McHenry County, 42 miles northwest of Chicago. C. & N. W. R.R. Terra cotta and ceramic works. Automobile and radio parts fac- tory. Summer resort. Ships farm and dairy produce to Chicago. Agriculture. The Herald is published every Thursday, and is Republican politically. Has front page cartoon drawn by local artist on local subjects. Former owners of this paper have included Ira N. Mallory and Justin Beatty. !3 9, audited. Advertising rate: local, 2 5-3 5 c; foreign, 3 5c- Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. DEKALB DAILY INDEPENDENT: Established 1915. R. B. Newcomer and L. G. Tyrrell, owners and editors. The Daily Independent is published every afternoon, with the exception of Sunday. It is Republican in politics. Circulation, 1050. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 20c (5c extra for compo- sition) . Subscription rate: local, $4.75; foreign, $4.00. R. B. Newcomer J. R. Arnold Sci Green Valley ;: 'DELAVAN TIMES: Established 1874 by Joe F. Reed. J.Ross Arnold, owner, editor, and publisher since Sept. 1, 1928. Delavan, population, 1,084. Located in Tazewell County, 29 miles south of Peoria on Route 122. C. & A.; I. C. R.R.'s. Dairy, poultry, and live stock farms. The Delavan Times has been owned at various times by Joe F. Reed, Guy H. Beatty, Starr H. Beatty, Frank McKee, and Mrs. M. A. McKee. It is a weekly publication, issued every Friday, and is Re- publican in political affiliation. Circulation, 82 5. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. Illinois Newspaper Diiu < uno and History GRANITE CITY PRESS RECORD: Established 1903. E. E. Campbell, editor and president of the Press Record Publishing Company, owner. Granite Citv. population. 25,127. Located in Madison County, near the Mississippi River, 6 miles northeast of St. Louis, Missouri. Wabash; C. C. C. & St. L.; C. & A.; C. & E. L; A. & E.; P. R.R.'s. Steel foundries; metal plant; ear foundry; metal stamping works; rolling mill; syrup plant. The Press Record is a semi-weekly publication, issues appearing Tuesday and Friday. This paper is Independent in politics. Circulation, 5391. Advertising rate: local, 4U-65c; foreign, 49c. E. E. Campbell Subscription rate: local, s2.00; foreign, $2. 25-$$. 00 FRANKLIN TIMES: Established 1886 by N. Z. Reinbach, Warren N. Luttrell, editor and publisher. Franklin, population, 5 27. Located in Morgan County, 12 miles southeast of Jacksonville. C. B. & Q. R.R. Agriculture. The Times has been owned by Reinbach and Tietsort, Reinbach Brothers, and George E. Goodhead. This paper is a weekly edition, appearing every Thursday. It is Republican in its political affiliation. Circulation, 600. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 20 plus 5c composition. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. \\ V I e'TTRELL HAMPSHIRE REGISTER: Establisheed 1883. .John H. Brill, owner; Mrs. John H. Brill, editor. Hampshire, population 656. Located in Kane County, 50 miles northwest of Chicago. C. M. St. P. & Pac. R.R. One of largest dairy centers in northern Illi- nois; location of Hampshire Milk Co., home- owned farmers' plant handling approximately 70,000 lbs of milk daily, also of J. B. Inderrieden & Co. yegetable cannery- There is also a large feed store located here which handles many hundred heads of steers each year for the Chi- cago packers. The Register is published on Thursdays, and is Republican politically. Former owners were Brill Bros., I R. Brill and W. L. Sislev. Circulation, 900. Advertising rates: local, 20c; foreign, 30 and 35c. Subscription rates: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. M RS . |. h. Brili 535 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History FARINA NEWS: Established 1882 by C. R. Davis. E. H. Halladay, editor, owner, and publisher since 1923. Farina, population, 694. Situated in Fayette County, 26 miles northeast of Centralia. I. C. R.R. Berry box, crate, and poultry remedy factories. Creamery. Nurseries. Agriculture. Stawberries main crop; also other fruits. The News includes among its various owners Pribble & Barbee, W. L. Cunningham, Coon Brothers, Shirley Coon, H. E. Todd, and L. E. Grisson. This paper is published every Thursday, and is Inde- pendent in political affiliation. Circulation, 700. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 20, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, S1.5 0; foreign, $1.5 0. •DURAND GAZETTE: Established 1907 by C. A. Bancroft. John R. Van Sickle, owner, editor, and publisher. Durand, population, 5 54. Located in Winnebago County, IS miles northwest of Rockford. C. M. St. P. & Pac. R.R. Creamery; feed mill. Lime and sandstone deposits; some timber. Agriculture. The Gazette is a weekly publication, appearing on Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. C. A. Bancroft and Hubert Bancroft are former owners of this paper. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 3 0c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. John R. Van Si, EAST PEORIA, EAST SIDE NEWS: Established 1902. Charles C. Arnold, owner and editor. East Peoria, population, 5 000. Situated in Tazewell County, 3 miles east of Peoria. N. Y. C. & St. L.; T. P. & W.; P. R.R.'s. Traction engines, farm machinery, washing machines, tile and cement products, brick, paint, and culverts manufactured. Coal mines. Fruit, truck, and general farming. The East Side News is published weekly at Morton and appears every Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Samuel Crabtree is a former owner of this paper. Circulation, 1115. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 30c. C.C.Arnold Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History A. W. Shipton SPRING] ELD, ILLINOIS STATE JOURNAL: Established 1831 by Simeon and Josiah Francis. Ira C. Copley, owner. A.W. Shipton, general manager. J. Emil Smith, editor. Springfield, population, 71,857. State Capital of Illinois, and the count)' seat ■ ■I Sangamon County. Located 96 miles northeast of St. Louis, and 185 miles south- west of Chicago. B. & C; C. S. & St. L.; Wabash; C. & A.; I. C; C. & 1. M.J 111. Term. R.R.'s. Railroad shops. Manufacture of shoes, garage equipment, electric meters and clocks, watches, mining camp supplies, boilers, cast iron pipe, and radio parts. Trading and ship- ping center for rich agricultural region and coal fields. Former home and burial place of Abraham Lincoln. Concordia Seminary, Ursuline Academy, Academy of the Sacred Heart, Springfield Junior College. State Capitol and other state buildings. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Illinois State Journal, which celebrated its Centennial November 10, 1931, was first established by Josiah and Simeon Francis. These two Yankee boys came up from St. Louis, deter- mined to start a paper where none had ever before succeeded. The Capital City was then a miserable inland town, connected with the outside world by only freight wagons and irregular stages. The Francis Brothers disposed of the Journal in 185 5, but the paper con- tinued to reflect the courageous, pioneer spirit of its founders. As in their day of publication, it continued to be Lincoln's mouthpiece, and during the period leading to and during the Civil War, it re- flected the Union spirit. Among the notable men contributing to its columns during this earl\- day were Edward L. Baker and his associate in the publication of the paper. W. 1 I. Bailhache; David L. Phillips, who owned an interest in the paper; Gen. Moses Brayman, and others not always identified with the regular editorial staff. In the period of recon- struction and for years atter, the Journal was edited by Paul Selby. John Hay, secretary to President Lincoln and later secretary of state, also served at the editorial desk. Later there came as owners and editors, Clarence R. Paul, Lewis H. Miner, Harry F. Dorwin, S. Leigh Call, and Will McConnell. In 192 8 Col. Ira C. Copley purchased the Journal, with A. W. Shipton as general manager. The Journal is published every morning. ,\m\ also has a large Sunday edition. It is Independent Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 40,000. Advertising rate: local, 80c-S1.40; foreign, si. 12. Subscription rate: local, 20c per week; Illinois, S6.00; foreign, sS.00. |. Emu Smith CHARLESTON WEEKLY TIMES: Established 193 3 by Leonard L. Prather. Present owner and publisher, Leonard L. Prather. Charleston, population 8,012. Located in Coles County, 43 miles West of Terre Haute, Indiana. N. Y. C. & St. L.; C. C. C. & St. L. R.R.'s. Shoe, broom and paint factories; railroad machine shops. Eastern Illinois State Teachers' College. Agriculture. Corn, wheat, broom-corn. The Charleston Weekly Times is issued every Friday and is Republican in political affiliation. Mr. Prather has been owner and editor of the paper since its establishment. Circulation, 867. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, SI. 00; foreign, S 1 .00. •See Aurora Beacon-News; Elgin Courier-News; Joiiel Herald-News. 5 37 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History PANA PALLADIUM: Established 1869 by S. B. Rich. Published for a number of years by Louis E. and Winfield B. Jordan until the death of Louis E. in 1931. Now- owned by the Pana Palladium Printing Company, Inc. Winfield B. Jordan, editor. Will F. Jordan, city editor. Pana, population, 58 15. Situated in Christian County, 42 miles southeast of Springfield. I. C; B. & O.; C. C. C. & St. L.| C. & E. I. R.R.'s. Novelty factories; packing plant; greenhouses. Coal mines; general farming. Rose culture. The Daily Palladium has been owned at various times by S. B. Rich, Farley Brothers, A. W. Chabin, and Jacob Swallow. A daily edition appears every evening, except Sunday, while a weekly paper is issued on Thursday. Both papers are Democratic in politics. Circulation, 13 50. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 30c. LOU TDL-L°d R ) DAN Subscription rate: local, $7.50; foreign, $5.00. ■BROOKFIELD SUBURBAN MAGNET: Established 1894 by Graham and Cran well. Louis A. Bowes, Jr., editor. Citizen Publishing Co., LaGrange, owner. Brookfield, population, 10,015. Situated in Cook County, 13 miles west of Chicago. Residential suburb of Chicago. C.B.&Q.R.R. The Suburban Magnet, established 3 8 years ago, was pub- lished for two years by Graham & Cranwell, Graham at the end of that time selling his interest to Mr. Cranwell who continued the publication for one year and then resold to Mr. Graham, who then continued the Enterprise for eight years. Norman C. Darnell was the next owner of the Magnet, selling it later to Judge Willis Melville, from whom the present owners purchased it. The Vigilant, issued by Joseph N. Vasey and the Recorder published by George Bourus, were merged with the Magnet during the eight years it was owned by Mr. Graham. The Suburban Magnet is published every Thursday and is Independent in politics. Circulation, 15 00. Advertising rate: local, 3 5c; foreign, 5 0c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. Jr. Jos. Chvatal tKATOLIK: Established 1894 by the Benedictine Fathers. Rev. Joseph Chvatal, editor. Owned by the Bohemian Benedictine Press, 1641 S. Allport St., Chicago. The Katolik is published semi-weekly, appearing every Tues- day and Friday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 5,600. Advertising rate: local, 70c per inch. Subscription rate: local, $3.00; foreign, $5.00. Riverside News; Western Springs Times. 538 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History \\ [NNETKA TALK: Established 1912. Lloyd Hollister, publisher; E. W. Weber, editor. \\ innctka. population 12,084. Located in Cook County, 17 miles north of Chicago. C. & N. W. R.R. Suburban residential cown. The Winnetka Talk is published every Thursday and is Independent in politics. It is published in magazine form. Circulation, 3,5 00. Advertising rate: local, $1.10; foreign, si. 12. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, S2.00. HEIMATBOTE: Established 1920 by the Heimatbote Pub- lishing Company. Michael Schaut, editor and manager since 1923. Owned by the National Weeklies, Inc., Minnesota. The Heimatbote is an organ for the Germans from the Danube states of Europe in the United States, Canada, and South America. The Friedensbote, formerly published at Allentown, Pennsylvania, is now consolidated with the Heimatbote. This is a weekly paper, issued every Wednesday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 12,600. Advertising rate: local, 10c per line; foreign, 10c per line. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. WORTH CITIZEN: Established 1930. Owners, Roy G. and S. B. Andrews. Editor, Elmer W. Lysen. Worth, population, 800. Located in Cook County. The Citizen is published every Friday, ami has no political affiliation. Circulation, 8 5 0. Advertising rate: 3 5c. Subscription rate: $1.00. ILLINOIS STAATS-HEROLD: Successor of the Illinois Staats Zeitung, established 1846. Julius Klein, editor. Owned by the Illinois Staats-Herold Publishing Company, 2 14S Sheffield Ave., Chicago. Ernest L. Klein, president. The Staats-Herold is the consolidation of the old Staats Zeitung established in 1S46 and the Chicagoer Herold, founded in 1924. In the consolidation, which was effected in 1929, the Staats-Herold took over the com- bined circulation of both papers. The Staats-Herold is known as the "voice of the German-Americans in the Middle West" and as the "German paper with American ideals." It has a large circula- tion composed of Germans, Austrians, and Hungarians, and is the first German newspaper to conduct a German broadcasting hour, through which medium it reaches countless thousands. Special cor- respondents are maintained at Berlin, Vienna, and Pans. The Staats- Herold is Independent Republican in political arfiliation. Circulation, 42,000. Advertising rate: local, 18c; foreign, 20c. Julius Klein Subscription rate: local, $3.00; foreign, $4.00. •Set Wilmette Life .inj Glencoe News. 539 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History KATHOLISCHES WOCHENBLATT: Established 18S9 by F. X. Brandendecker Val J. Peter, owner, 188 W. Randolph St., Chicago. Hans Dexl, editor. The Katholisches Wochenblatt is a weekly publication, issued every Thursday. It is non-partisan in political affairs. This paper is the official organ of the thousands of German-Catholics in Chi- cago and the state of Illinois. Circulation, 16,2 SO. Advertising rate: local, 10c per line; foreign, 13c per line. Subscription rate: local, $3.00; foreign, $3.00. "DEERFIELD PRESS: Established 1928 by John L. Udell and Paul L. Udell, who since that date have been in complete control. Deerfield, population, 185 8. Located in Lake County, 24 miles north of Chicago. C. M. St. P. & Pac. R.R. The Press is a weekly publication, and is Independent in politics. Circulation, 4250. Advertising rate: local, 75c; foreign, $1.12. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. NOVI SVIJET: Established 1923 by Theodore Cvetkov and George Kutuzovich. Joseph Welley, editor. Owned by the Nivo Svijet Publishing Company, 1632 N. Halsted St., Chicago. The Novi Svijet is a weekly publication, appearing every Sat- urday. It is independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 693 8. Advertising rate: local, 10c per line; foreign, 10c per line. Subscription rate: local, $3.00; foreign, $3.50. Thlodore Cvetkov CALUMET INDEX: Established 189 5 by Charles H. Gallion and A. J. Smith. Floyd E. Haas, owner and publisher since 1927, 1 1242 Michigan Ave., Chicago. From the time of its establishment until his death in 1913, Charles H. Gallion continued as publisher of the Calumet Index. Upon his death, Mrs. Gallion sold the paper to C. P. Morgan. In 1918 Floyd E. Haas purchased one-half interest in the Index, mov- ing it into his own plant at 11242 Michigan Avenue, the paper having previously been printed by the Western Newspaper Union. In 1927 Mr. Haas purchased Mr. Morgan's remaining half interest, and since that date has been the sole owner. The Calumet Index is published every Thursday and is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 24,604. Advertising rate: local, $1.25; foreign, $1.75. lovd L. Haas Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.50. •Sec also Highland P.irli Press; Lake Forest Lake Forester. 540 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History STANDARD OPINION: Established 1896 by James C. Denvir. Richard H. (acobson, owner and editor, 12 1 North Clark St., Chicago. The Standard Opinion is a weekly publication, issued every Saturday evening. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 12,000. Advertising rate: local, 50c per line; foreign, 75c per line. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $3.5 0. SVENSKA AMERIKANAREN: Established 1876 by Nils Anderson. Owned by the Swedish American Newspaper Company, 208 N. Wells St., Chicago. E. A. Larson, Pies.; Oliver A. Linder, editor; William Larson, advertising manager. The Svenska Amerikanaren was owned by r its founder from 1876 until 1 884, at which time \ the paper was purchased by C. F. Peterson, P. A. J Sundelius, and G. Hiertquist. These three owners continued until 1888, when they sold to F. A. Lindstrand. Mr. Lindstrand remained as pub- lisher until 1908 when Mr. Larson came into control. The Svenska Amerikanaren is a weekly publication, issued every Thursday. It is In- dependent in political affiliation. Circulation, 46,394. -'. A. Larson Advertising rate: local, 16c; foreign, 16c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $3.00. O. A. LlNDEH tSVORNOST: Established 1875. A. Gerringer & Sons, Inc., 25 18 S. Crawford Ave., Chicago, publishers; R. J. Prenka, editor; Miles Gerringer, business manager. The Svornost is published every day including Sundays, and is Independent in politics. Circulation, 5 1,200. Advertising rate: local, 10c; foreign, 10c. Subscription rate: local, $5.00; foreign, $6.00. :: WILMETTE LIFE: Established 1912. Lloyd Hollister, [nc I lollister, business manager; E. W. Weber, editor. Wilmette, population 15,171. Situated in Cook County, 14 miles north of Chicago. C. & N. W. R.R.' Residential town. The Wilmette Life is a weekly publication, appearing every Thursday, and is Independent in politics. It is published in magazine form. Circulation, 4,000. Advertising rate: local, si. 10; foreign, si. 12. jublishers. Lloyd Lloyd Hollister Subscription rate $2.00. local, s,2.00; fo reign. I k\mn \\ . \\ i 111 n Illinois Newspaper Directory and History PROLETAREC: Established 1906 by the Jugoslav Workmen's Publishing Com- pany, Inc., 3639 \\". 2 6th St., Chicago. Frank Zaitz, editor. Charles Pogorelec, business manager. The Proletarec is published every Thursday by the Jugoslav Workmen's Publishing Com- pany, who are also publishers of the "American Family Almanac" and other books. This page is the official organ of the Jugoslav. Federation Socialist party of America. It is one of the lead- ing Slovene weeklies to be published in the United States. Circulation, 19,480. Advertising rate: local, 75c per inch; for- eign, 75c per inch. Frank Zaitz Subscription rate: local, $3 ; foreign, $3.50. Cha CICERO TIMES: Established 1911. Frank D. Novak, editor and publisher. Cicero, population, 66,602. (Branch of Chicago P.O.) Located in Cook County, adjoining Chicago. B. & O. C. T.; I. C; C. B. & Q. R.R.'s. Manufactures electrical equip- ment, automobile parts, malleable castings, stoves, glue, washing machines, enamelware, picture frames. Quarries. The Cicero Times is published every Saturday, and is Independent in politics. The Predmestke Listy, a Czeckoslovakian paper, is also published from the Cicero plant of the Times, 1832 S. Fiftieth Court. Subscription rate: Times, $2.00; Predmestske Listy, $2.00. NORTHCENTER NEWS: Established 192 5 by Clarence W. Wermich. Owned by the Northcenter Press, 1943 Irving Park Bldg.. Chicago, which is headed by Mr. Wermich. Robert W. Nelson, editor; Fred O. Wermich, business manager. The Northcenter News is a weekly publication, appearing every Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 10,000. Advertising rate, local, $1.10: foreign, $1.2 5. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $1.00. fNAROD: Established 1893 by the Benedictine Fathers. Rev. Joseph Chvatal, editor and manager. Owned by the Bohemian Benedictine Press, 1641 S. Allport St., Chicago. The Narod is published daily and also issues a Sunday edition. It is Independent in politics. Circulation, 2600. Advertising rate: local, 56c (week days), 70c (Sundays). Subscription rate: local, $7.5 0; foreign, $10.00. 542 1 1 i [nois Newspaper Directory and History NORTHWESTTOWN JOURNAL: Established 1930 by Paul <■. Triebel and Christ Brix. Christ Brix, editor and general manager. Owned by the Townsman Publishing Company, Inc., 3749 \V. Ninth Ave., Chicago. The Northwesttown Journal is a comparatively new paper and is a weekly publication, appearing every Wednesday. It is Inde- pendent in its political affiliation, and takes an active part in all civic affairs of the community it serves. Circulation, 22,000. Advertising rate: local, 5, 1 .20; foreign, $1.20. Christ Brix Subscription rate: free distribution. BERWYN STAR: Established 1920 as the Berwyn Tribune. Name changed to Berwvn Star in 1933. John Read Karel, editor and publisher. Berwyn Editing Companv, owner. Berwyn, population, 47,027. Situated in Cook County 10 miles northwest of Chicago. C. B. & Q.; I. C. R. R.'s. Residential suburb of Chicago. The Star is a community weekly, published every Friday. This paper prints strictly local news and is Independent in its political affiliation. It is the official paper of the City of Berwyn. Circulation, 5,200. Advertising rate: local 60c; foreign, si. 12. Subscription rate: local, SI. 00; foreign, $1.50. ALBANY PARK TIMES; JEFFERSON PARK TIMES; PORTACE PARK TIMES; MAYFAIR TIMES; EDISON-NORWOOD TIMES: Established 192 5 by W. L. Johnson, who since that time has been publisher and president of the W. L. Johnson Publishing Company, owner. These five papers are printed from 345 5 Lawrence Ave., Chi- cago, by the W. L. Johnson Publishing Company. Mr. Johnson is the founder of the papers and continues as general manager. I ach paper is published every Thursday and is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation (of 5 papers), 30,000. Advertising rate: local, $1.3 5 per column inch, each paper; foreign, $1.75, each paper. Subscription rate: local, 5c per month. \V. i_. Johnson BROOKFIELD EVENTS: Established 1927. Owner, Star Publishing Co., Inc. Editor, Henry Bitter. Brookfield, population, 10,035. Located in Cook County, 13 miles west of Chicago. C. B. & Q. R.R. Residential suburb of Chicago. The Star is issued every Thursday. It is Independent in its political affiliation. E. J. Peterka was a former editor of this paper. Advertising rate: local, 40c. 543 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Henry W. I rr THE CALUMET RECORD: Established 1898 by Henry W. Lee, who has been editor .ind publisher since that date. 9008 Com- mercial Ave., Chicago. The Calumet Record, was originally the Pullman Record, and followed the Arcade Journal of Pullman, which ceased publication upon the death of George M. Pullman, the sleeping car magnate. The Record is a weekly publication, appearing every Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 95 00. Advertising rate: local, $2.00 per inch; foreign, $2.00. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. PROSVETA: Established 1908 by the Slovene National Benefit Society. John Molek, editor. Philip Godina, business manager. Owned by the Slovene National Benefit Society, 2657-59 S. Lawndale Ave., Chicago. The Prosveta issues both a daily and a weekly edition. The daily paper appears every morning, with the exception of Sunday, and the weekly publication is issued every Wed- nesday. Both papers are Independent politically, but are friendly to Labor movements. The Slovene National Benefit Society is a fraternal organization, which maintains offices at 26 57 South Lawndale, Chicago. Circulation, (daily), 7,000; (weekly) , 40,000. Advertising rate: local, SI. 50 per inch; foreign, $1.50. Subscription rate: local, $6.00; foreign, <,9.00. :: NILES CENTER HERALD: Published by H. C. Paddock & Sons. Niles Center, population, 5,007. Located in Cook County, 10 miles northwest of Chicago, with elevated railroad service. C. & N. W. R.R. Many large greenhouses. Brick- yards. The Niles Center Herald is published each Friday, and is Independent politically. It also covers Tessville, Morton Grove, Glenview, Northbrook and Skokie Valley. Combined with the Arlington Heights Herald and Mount Prospect Herald, the total circulation is 2,550, and the advertising rate is 75 cents. LITHUANIAN DAILY DRAUGAS: Established 1908 by Draugas Publishing Company. Leonard Simutis, editor-in-chief. Owned by the Draugas Publishing Company, 23 34 S. Oakley Ave., Chicago. The Draugas is published daily, appearing every morning, with the exception of Sunday. This paper is devoted to Lithuanian inter- ests and is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 24,000. Advertising rate: local, 75c per inch; foreign, 50c. Subscription rate: local, $6.00; foreign, $7.00. *i Advertising rate: local, 1 5c; foreign, 2 5c. Hitchcock Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $1.2 5. DZIENNIKCHICAGOSKI: Established Dec. 15, 1S90. Present owner, The Polish Publishing Company, 145 5 W. Division St., Chicago. Joseph Przydatek, editor. The Dziennik Chicagoski is published at noon every day except Sunday, and is Inde- pendent in political affiliation. Circulation, 28,000. Advertising rate: 10c and 12c an agate line, both foreign and local. Subscription rate: local, S5.00; foreign, $S.00. •See also Eminglon Joker and Reddick Courier. tSee also Hamburg Journal; San Jose Journal; New Holland Journal. 554 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History ABENDPOST: Established 1889 by The Abendpost Company. Paul H. Mueller, president of the Abendpost Company, 22 5 W. Wash- ington St., Chicago, owner. Paul Kaemmerling, editor. The Abendpost is published daily, in the afternoon, and also issues a Sunday edition, known as the Sonntagpost. F. Glogauer was president of the Abendpost Company until 1914, when it was sold to Paul F. Mueller, president of the purchasing company. Mr. Mueller remained actively in charge, until his death January, 1931. Since that time, his son, Paul H. Mueller has been in control. Circulation, 51,318. Advertising rate: local, 16c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $6.5 per year; foreign, $1 1.00 per year. P. 11. Mueller EVANSTON NEWS-INDEX: Established 1872. Owner, Merle Slane. Editor, George W. Han cite. Evanston, population, 63,338. Located in Cook County, 12 miles north of Chicago. C. & N. W.; C. M. St. P. & Pac. R.R.'s. Northwestern University, Garrett Biblical Insti- tute, National College of Education, Roycemore School, Marywood School, Seabury- Western Seminary. The News-Index is issued each evening except on Sunday, and is Republican in its political affiliation. The only daily newspaper in the Chicago suburban area, the News-Index won first place among Class B daily newspapers for all-round excellence. The News-Index also publishes the North Shore Shopper every Wednesday which is delivered gratis to 35,000 homes on the North Shore. Circulation, 6,100. Advertising rate: local, 5c a line; foreign, Jc a line. Subscription rate: local, 15c week; foreign, 65c month. : GLENCOE NEWS: Established 1910. Lloyd Hollister, business manager; 1 . \\ . Weber, editor. Glencoe, population 6,290. Located in Cook County, 24 miles northwest of ( Chicago. C. & N. W. R.R. Residential suburb of Chicago. The News is a weekly paper with publication on Friday. It is Independent in political affiliation and is published in magazine form. Circulation, 1,800. Advertising rate: local, $1.10; foreign, $1.12. Subscription rates: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. HERRICK BULLETIN: Established 1932. Charles J. Grassold, Editor and Publisher. Herrick, population 608. Located in Shelby County, 1 5 miles southeast of Pana. C. C. C. & St. L.; Nickel Plate R. R.'s. Coal mines, oak timber, diversified farming. The Bulletin is issued every Friday and is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 45 0. Advertising rates: local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rates: local, $1.25; foreign, $2.50. •See Wilmette Life jnd Wmnctka Talk. 555 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History WORLD: Established 1918 by Jacob R. Tipper, who has been editor and business manager since that date. Stella Tipper, owner. 1 1 8 E. 3 5 th St., Chicago. The World is a weekly publication, issued every Saturday. It is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 26,000. Advertising rate: local, $1.68; foreign, $1.68. Subscription rate: local, $2.50; foreign, $3.50. Jacob R. Tipper DUPO HERALD: Established 1932. Owners, Charles E. Plummer and Harold A. Fischer; editor, Charles E. Plummer; manag- ing editor, Harold A. Fischer. Dupo, population 2,084. Located eight miles south of East St. Louis in Saint Clair County. The Herald is published each Friday and is Independent in politi- cal affiliation. Circulation, 800. Advertising rate: local, 3 5c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. DER WAHRHEITSFREUND: Established 1915 by K. Mennonite Brethren Conference. Rev. L. M. Hofer and Rev. Joseph W. Tschetter, editors. Owned by K. M. B. Conference, 2812 Lincoln Ave., Chicago. Der Wahrheitsfreund is a weekly paper, issued every Wednes- day. It is Independent in political affiliation. Rev. M. B. Fast was the first editor of this paper, being followed by the present editors after his resignation. The main object of the Wahrheitsfreund is to create a mission spirit among its readers and provide them with sound reading matter. Circulation, 3000. Advertising rate: local, 5 0c; foreign, 5 0c. Rev. J. W. Tschetter Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. LINCOLN-BELMONT BOOSTER: Established in 1921. A. O. Caplan, publisher; Leo A. Lerner, editor. Owned by the Lincoln-Belmont Publishing Company, Inc., Chicago. The Lincoln-Belmont Booster is a weekly paper, issued every Wednesday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 30,000. Advertising rate: local, $1.00 per column inch; foreign, $1.50 per column inch. Subscription rate: local, $1.20 by carrier; foreign, $2.50. 556 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History ELIZABETH-TOWN, HARDIN COUNTY INDEPENDENT: Established 1872 by James Lowry. William Gage, editor and publisher. Elizabethtown, population 600. Situated in Hardin County on the Ohio River, about 44 miles above Paducah, Ky. Railroad and express station, Rosiclaire. I. C. R.R. Summer resort with fishing and hunting. Fluorspar mines. Agriculture. Live stock. The Hardin County Independent is published weekly, appearing every Thursday. As the name implies, it is Independent in political affiliation. This is the only paper pub- lished in Hardin County. Circulation, 1,400. Advertising rates: local, 25c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rates: local, SI. 50; foreign, Si. 50. WEEKLY REVIEW: Established in 1908 as "The Prospect." editor and publisher since 1922. 9908 Walden Parkway, Chicago. The Weekly Review was consolidated with the Morgan Park Post in August, 1917 and with the Town Talk of Morgan Park in October, 1917. The Weekly Review was first known as the Prospect, the present name having been adopted about 1915 when the paper was acquired by Harry E. Stroup as editor and publisher, and Elroy M. Phillips as business manager. As the name implies, this paper is a weekly publication, and appears every Friday. It i^ Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 3000. Advertising rate: local, per inch, 5 0c; foreign, 90c. Subscription rate: local, SI -00. Norman L. Ritchie, Norman L. Ritchie : OAK PARK OAKPARKER: Established 18 82 by Ely and Schroeder. Hugh M. Walter, editor and publisher since 1923. The origin of the Oakparker is thought to be definitely traced to the Alert, a weekly paper established in 1882 by Ely and Schroeder, which was succeeded in 1884 by Along the Line. This was followed in 18 87 by the Reporter, published by J. E. Kent and purchased by Isaac Kerr in 1888. At a later date the paper was published as the Reporter-Argus, becoming the only daily paper in the territory. This daily was succeeded by a weekly, the Oak Park Events, which came under the management of the present owners of the Oakparker in 1914. During the war-time absence of Hugh M. Walter the paper was given its present title, the Oakparker, April 18, 1918. The style Hugh M. Walter of the paper was also changed to the magazine form, which is still employed. From the publishers we have the following statement: "From the date of its inception the Oakparker has served the communitv with a policy that has been above reproach, staunch and tempered with knowledge of the public as well as the individual welfare of the people. As Oak Park, the largest village in the world, has grown and progressed, so has the Oakparker. Today it enjoys the largest circulation of any news- paper in the territory and has been acclaimed as unexcelled in reader interest for the entire family." Circulation, 11,800. Advertising rate: local, SI. 25-2. 50; foreign, Si. 25-2. 50. Subscription rate: local, S2.00; foreign, S2.00. •See Forest Park Forest Parkei 557 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History -GLENVIEW VIEW: Established 1924 by Paul Anderson. Ray C. Pe and publisher since March 10, 1930. Editor, Harold N. Ahlgren. Glenview, population, 1884. Situated in Cook County, 20 miles northwest of Chicago. C. M. St. P. & Pac. R.R. Brick yards; tool factory. Nurseries. Agriculture, truck crops. The Glenview View is a weekly publication, issued every Friday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Mathias Grenning was the owner of this paper previous to the time it was taken over by the present publisher. Three other weekly papers, the Northbrook News, the Decrfield News, and the Niles Center Press are also pub- lished from the office at Glenview. Circulation, 980. Advertising rate: local, 3 5c; foreign, 5 0c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $2.00. arson, owner fEMINGTON JOKER: Established 1902 by R. J. Schutz, who has been the editor and owner since that date. Emington, population, 175. Located in Logan Countv, 28 miles south of Peoria. I. C. R.R. Grain elevators. Agriculture. The Emington Joker is one of the most outstanding papers in the state, due to the fact that it is successfully printed in a town of less than 200 inhabitants. The first issue of the Joker, in 1902, was a three column folio, 7 l /i x 10'j. A year later, after a short period of suspension, it appeared as a six-column, eight-page paper, which is its present size. The Joker at one time was owned by Schutz Brothers, but 16 years ago was purchased by R. J. Schutz, the office being known as The Schutz Publishing House, with R. J. Schutz, the sole owner. The Joker is published every Thursday, and is Independent in politics. Circulation, 800. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. SALONIKI: Established 1913 by late Christ Damascus and Constantine Salopoulos. A. C. Salopoulos, publisher and general manager. N. Salopoulos, editor. 236 N. Clark St., Chicago. The Saloniki is an Independent Greek weekly newspaper, issued every Saturday. The editorial staff, headed by Dr. N. Salo- poulos, formerly Consul General of Greece in Chicago for over eighteen years, is composed of men with international understanding. The Saloniki has the largest circulation of any Greek paper in the Middle-West. Circulation, 15,000. Advertising rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. Subscription rate: local, S3. 00; foreign, $4.00. »Scc also Decrfield Nc.i; Nilcv Center Press; Northbrook Ne ; s.. Jso I sex Wot S.Jc Telephone, IU-JJitk Courier. Ii i inois Newspaper Directory and History SANDWICH I REE PRESS: Established 1873 by F. D. Lowman. [rving II. I editor, publisher and owner. Sandwich, population, 2,597. Situated in DeKalb County, IS miles southwest of Aurora. C. B. & Q. R.R. Agricultural imple- ment factory; pants and razor factories. Agriculture. The Sandwich Free Press is a weekly paper, issued every Thurs- day. It is Independent in its political affiliation. F. D. Lowman was the sole owner of this paper until it was purchased by the Home- News Publishing Company in 1926, which sold the plant to E H. Easter, Dec. 1, 1932. Circulation, 1,876. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 35c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.50. j H Ea •LEAF RIVER MIRROR: Established 1885. Frank R. Robinson, owner; Horace C. Baker, publisher. Leaf River, population, 382. Located in Ogle County, 17 miles southeast of Freeport. C. M. St. P. & Pac. R.R. Grain elevator; building stone quarries. Agriculture. The Mirror is published each Friday, and is Independent in political affiliation. Former owners were Dr. T. J. Kretsinger; V. Hiram Smith; Charles Gilbert, James Allen and C. T. Meyers; B. A. Knight; Albert L. Hall & Co. Circulation: See blanket coverage figure listed under Byron Express. Advertising rate: See combined rate of three papers listed under Byron Express. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. fOAK PARK OAK LEAVES: Established 1880 by the ( >ak Leaves Company. Owned by the Pioneer Publishing Company, 1140 Lake Street, Chicago. Telfer MacArthur, president and business manager. Otto McFeely, editor. Oak Park, population, 63,819. Situated in Cook County, 9 miles west of Chicago. Railroad station. River Forest. Soo; C. & X. \\ 7. ; B. & O. C. T. R. R.'s. Residential suburb. Truck Farming. The Oak Leaves is a weekly paper, published every Friday. It is Independent in its politics. Circulation, 18,500. Advertising rate: local S3. 20 per inch; foreign, 25c per agate I li i in MacArthur Subscription rate .,1. S2.50; foreign, $3.00. Established 1S71. Illini Publishing Co., owner; CHAMPAIGN, DAILY ILLINI: Kenneth Duvall, company manager. Urbana, population 10,244, and Champaign, population 20,348, are united by the University of Illinois, Champaign having the main business section and Urbana being the count v seat of Champaign County. 125 miles southwest of Chicago. I. C; C. C. C. & St. L.; Wabash R.R.'s. Some small factories. Agriculture. The Daily Illini is edited and managed by students of the University of Illinois under the supervision of Manager Duvall, appearing every day, including Sunday. Circulation, 3,500. Advertising rate: local, 65c; foreign, 49c plus 14c composition. Subscription rate: local, $5.00; foreign, $5.00. tScc also Chil 559 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History -FARMER CITY JOURNAL: Established 1872 by John S. Harper. Edward L. Wilson, editor. Farmer City, population, 1611. Located in DeWitt County, 2 5 miles southeast of Bloomington. C. C. C. & St. L.; I. C. R.R.'s. Ships grain and live stock. Agriculture, dairying. The Journal is the sole survivor of eight papers which have been started in Farmer City at various times. Two years after its founding, the Journal was purchased by D. J. Smith and J. R. Robinson, who before issuing any numbers sold out to W. L. Glessner, whose brother, L. C. Glessner took a half interest in the paper and assumed full charge, buying the entire paper in 1877. In 1879 the office was moved to Carlinville where the paper was issued as the Herald. The Journal was continued after 1879 by W. C. Devore, who sold to M. V. Zimmerman in 18 87. Zimmerman sold to E. A. and C. L. Wood in 1891, and in 1895 the paper passed to F. S. Nutt and B. B. Bates. When Mr. Nutt died in 18 96, he was succeeded by his brother, S. E. Nutt, who sold to E. A. Williams the following year. For 27 years Williams and Bates continued to publish the paper, until Bates finally obtained full control and remained as publisher until 1920, when Lewis Erler purchased a half interest. Mr. Bates later purchased Erler's interest and continued to operate the plant until February, 192 J, when he sold to the Home News Publishing Company of Chicago. Since then, G. C. Terry, Carlos W. Cleary, and E. S. Wightman have served as editors and managers until Mr. Wilson took control in 1934. The Journal is published every Thursday, and is Independent in politics. Circulation, 1100. Advertising rate: local, 27c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $2.00. fMANSFIELD EXPRESS: Established 1881 by J. W. Hilligoss. Edward L. Wilson, editor and manager. Mansfield, population, 679. Located in Piatt County, 16 miles west of Champaign and 32 miles southeast of Bloomington. C. C. C. & St. L.; Wabash R.R.'s. Agriculture. The Express is a weekly publication, appearing every Friday and is Independent in political affiliation. It is a separate edition of the Farmer City Journal. Circulation, 845. Advertising rate: local, 18c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.25. **SAN JOSE JOURNAL: Established 1906 by John L. Eyrse. Mrs. Anna \V. Hitchcock, editor and owner since 1933. San Jose, population, 486. Located in Mason and Logan counties, 32 miles south of Peoria. Alton R.R. (B. & O. operated). Grain elevators; seed houses. Agriculture. The Journal was owned by W. H. Chain, the Johnson Printing Company of Morton, Illinois, and E. G. Kilby of Washington, Illinois, previous to December, 1932 when it was purchased by Frank Conrady, who sold it to the present owner in 1933. This is a weekly publication, issued every Thursday. It is Independent in politics Circulation, 475. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $1.00. *S« also Mansfield Express. tSee also Firmer City Journal. **See also Emdcn News: Harlsbure Tournj] : New Holland Tonrml Illinois Newspaper Directory and History SAINT ANNE RECORD: Established 1878. Thomas W. Mayo, owner, editor, and publisher since 1906. Saint Anne, population, 1078. Located in Kankakee County, 10 miles southeast of Kankakee. C. & E. I.; C. C. C. & St. L. R.R.'s. Ceramic industries; foundry; machine shop. Agriculture. The Saint Anne Record numbers among its former owners, Elijah Salem and I . (j. Bentall. This paper is published weekly, Mid is issued every Thursday. It is Independent Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 1000. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, SI. 50. * SHELDON JOURNAL: Established 18 59. A. J. Hawkcs, editor and publisher. Sheldon, population, 1121, located in Iroquois County, 3 miles southeast of Kankakee. T. P. & W.; Q C. C. & St. L. R. R.'s. Agri- culture. The Journal is published each Thursday and is Republican in political affiliation. Subscription rate: local, $2.00. A. J. Havkes -~ :: PANA NEWS: Incorporated July, 1933, by A. E. Vandever, D. B. Pauschert, \\ m. J. Hellman and O. P. Miller. D. B. Pauschert, editor; Win. J. Hellman, business manager. Pana, population, 5,83 5. Located in Christian County, 30 miles south of Decatur. State Routes 2, 16 and 24. I. C; B. & O.; C. C. C. & St. L.; C. & E. I. R.R.'s. Poultry packing plant, creamery, flour mill, greenhouses, coal mines, spruce timber. Extensive cultivation of roses. Diversified farming. The News was formerly known as the Pana Weekly News, a free circulation tabloid paper, and was owned by Wm. J. Hellman. It is now an established newspaper, the new management having placed it on a paid circulation basis. It is published each Thursday, and is Republican in its political affiliation. Circulation, 2250. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, SI. 50; foreign, SI. 50. tLOMAX NEWS: Established 1929. Mrs. Raamah Farquhar, editor; C. M. Bell & Sons, publishers. Lomax, population, 410, located in Henderson County, 42 miles southwest of Gales- burg. A. T. & S. F.; C. B. & Q.; T. P. & W. R.R.'s. Diversified farming; stock shipping. The News is issued each Thursday and is Independent in political affiliation. It is published at the plant of the Stronghurst Graphic. Subscription rate: local, si. 5 0. 561 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History FAIRFIELD, WAYNE COUNTY RECORD: Established 1868. J. H. Boze, edi- tor; Wayne County Record, Inc., publisher. Fairfield, population, 3280, located in Wayne County, 42 miles east of Centralia. B. & O.; Southern R.R.'s. Underwear, carpet and rug factories. Hardwood timber, agri- culture, clover seed. The Wayne County Record is issued every Thursday, and is Democratic in political affiliation. Subscription rate: local, $1.5 0. ELMWOOD PARK CLARION: Established 1926, by Arthur Fox, owner and publisher. The Elmwood Park Clarion is a publication devoted to community and civic inter- ests in Elmwood Park, but maintains publication office in Chicago. This paper is pub- lished weekly, appearing every Wednesday. It is Independent in its political affiliation. Circulation, 15,000. Advertising rate: local, SI. 10; foreign, SI. 10. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $1.00. DANVILLE TIMES: Established 1933. Dewey H. Matson, editor and publisher. Carl G. Sachett, business manager. Warren W. Wright, managing editor. Danville, population, 36,765. Located in Vermilion County, 124 miles south of Chicago. I. O; C. C. C. & St. L. R.R.'s. Manufactures bricks, building materials, zinc, candy, batteries, shoes, overalls. Ships coal and agricultural products. Coal mines. Dairy, poultry, truck and grain farms. The Times is a weekly, issued every Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. 'PINCKNEYVILLE, PERRY COUNTY ADVOCATE: Established 1898 by Parker and Baxter. F. E. O'Bryant and W. C. O'Bryant, publishers. F. E. O'Bryant, editor, since September, 193 3. Pinckneyville, population, 3 346. County seat of Perry County, located 62 miles southeast of Belleville. I. C; M. P. R.R.'s. Manufactures dresses, shoes, hosiery, flour, plows, carriages, and lumber. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Perry County Advocate is published every Thursday and is Republican in political affiliation. Previous to the time this paper was purchased by F. E. and W. C. O'Bryant, it was owned and published by Elbert Waller, and for 2 5 years it was owned by W. W. Sims and known as the Pinckneyville Advocate. Circulation, 2016. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. FARMERSVILLE POST: Established 1900 by C. S. Betz. George H. Billings, owner and publisher since March, 1934. Farmersville, population, 513. Located in Montgomery County, 2 5 miles south of Springfield. I. C. R.R. Agriculture. Live stock. The Post is a weekly publication, issued every Friday. It is Independent in political affiliation. T. P. Dunn and A. C. Brookman are former owners of the paper. Circulation, 600. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. •Sec also Ashley Washington County Gazette. 562 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History : WAUKEGAN NEWS-SUN: Established in 1897 by Frank H. Just, the present owner and editor. Waukegan, population, 33,499. Located in Lake County, on Lake Michigan, 36 miles north of Chicago. C. & N. W.; E. J. & E. R.R.'s. Good harbor. Manufactures asbestos roofing, steel, wire, drugs, motors, grey iron, radio accessories, shippping center. 1 aiming. The News-Sun is a consolidation of the Old Waukegan News and the Sun, which was effected April 1, 193 0. At this time the News purchased the Sun .\nd the papers were merged under the present name. Former owners included frank G. .\nd William J. Smith. The News-Sun is published daily, with the exception of Sunday. It is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 10,000. Advertising rate: local, 70c; foreign, .06'/ 2 c per line. Subscription rate: local, $5.00; foreign, $7.50. CHICAGO HERALD AND EXAMINER: Established 1902 by William Randolph Hearst. The Chicago Herald was purchased in 1918 and merged with Chicago Examiner, under the name of the Chicago Herald and Examiner. Present owner, Illinois Publishing & Printing Company. Managing editor, Victor Watson. Homer Guck, publisher. Chicago, population, 3,376,43 8. Situated in Cook County at the southern end of Lake Michigan at the mouth of Chicago River. Termination point of 3 8 railroads. Second largest city in United States. The Chicago Herald (the original paper of that name) was established May 10, 1881. On May 4, 1895 the Chicago Times was taken over by the Chicago Herald and the merged papers were called The Times-Herald. In 1901 the Chicago Record was merged with the Times-Herald and the combined papers were called the Record- 1 lerald. The Record-Herald continued to be published under that title until 1914 when it was purchased by Mr. James Keely and the name changed to the Herald. The Herald was then purchased by Mr Circulation, 372,113 (daily), 1,078,428 (Sunday). Advertising rate: local, 37c per inch (daily), 5 5c per inch (Sunday); foreign, 6Jc per inch (daily), $1.25 per inch (Sunday). Circulation rate: local, $5.00 per year (Daily or Sunday); foreign, $7.00 per year (Daily or Sunday) . m 1918. fNEW HOLLAND JOURNAL: Established 1932 by Frank J. Conrady. Mrs. Anna W. Hitchcock present owner. Ray Lawver, city editor. New Holland, population, 353. Located in Logan Countv, 15 miles northwest "I Lincoln. I. C. R.R. The Journal is a weekly paper issued every Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 300. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, s,i.25. 563 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History CHICAGO DAILY NEWS: Established 1876 by Melville E. Stone and associates. Purchased same year by Victor F. Lawson, who remained owner and publisher until 1925. Frank Knox, publisher since September, 1931. Frank Knox, editor. Charles H. Dennis, editor emeritus. Chicago, population, 3,376,43 8. Situated in Cook County at the southern end of Lake Michigan, at the mouth of the Chicago River. Termination point of 3 8 railroads. Second largest city in the United States. The Daily News was first issued "on trial" Dec. 23, 1875, and began regular pub- lication Jan. 2, 1876. The founders were Melville E. Stone, later general manager of the Associated Press; Percy R. Meggy, and William E. Dougherty. They believed the time ripe for the publication of a "penny daily," giving all the news in condensed form. The first issue was four pages, five columns to the page, pages, 16 inches long. But competi- tion was too keen and the burden too heavy, so Mr. Stone sold the subscription list, the type, the good will, and all other possessions to Victor Freemont Lawson in July, 1876. Stone continued as editor and Lawson acted as business manager. Be;ause of the scarcity of 1-cent pieces, it was necessary to import pennies in 100,000 lots from Philadelphia to meet the demand. Under the new arrange- ment the paper "found itself." Its circulation increased to 7,000 or 8,000 copies a day, and when the great railroad strike of 1877 oc- _ .. ,, v r ° . Col. Frank K. Knox curred, it catapulted at times to 90,000 copies a day. On March 21, 1881, the Chicago Morning News was started as an adjunct to the Daily News. On May 9, 1892, the morning edition name was changed to the Chicago News Record; on March 13, 1893 to The Chicago Record; and was consolidated with the Times-Herald on March 28, 1901 and became the Record-Herald. After Mr. Stone sold his entire interest to Mr. Lawson in 1876, he later acquired a one-third interest, which he again sold to Mr. Lawson in 18 88. Mr. Lawson continued as sole owner and publisher until his death Aug. 19, 1925. The Daily News property was bought in 192 5 by Walter Ansell Strong, former busi- ness manager of the Daily News, the announcement of the purchase being made on Dec. 24. He became the publisher, and Charles Dennis, who had been managing editor, became the editor. A new 2 5 -story building was erected at 400 West Madison Street, and on June 8, 1929 the Daily News moved to it from its old site at 15 North Wells Street, where it had been since its founding. Walter A. Strong continued as publisher until his sudden death May 10, 1931. Several months later a controlling interest in the Daily News was purchased by Col. Frank Knox, publisher of the Manchester (N.J.) Union and Leader, and Theodore T. Ellis, (died January 6, 1934) of Worcester, Mass. Col. Knox became president of the Chicago Daily News Company, and publisher, and Mr. Ellis became vice president. Mr. Dennis continued as editor. The Daily News established the first independent foreign news service, which has been copied the world over. It also established and maintains The Daily News Fresh-Air Fund in Lincoln Park. Circulation, 406,176. Advertising rate: local, 5 5c per line; national, 70c per line. Subscription rate: local, $10.80; foreign, $7.50. 5 64 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History : ELMHURST PRESS: Established 1893. Owner, Elmhurst Press. Harold J. ( ruger, editor. Elmhurst, population, 14,05 5. Largest city in DuPage County, 16 miles west of ( hicago. C. & N. W.; I. C; C. A. & E.; C. G. W. R.R.'s. Largest shopping center in county of 100,000. Community of homes and small estates. Seat of Elmhurst College. The Elmhurst Press is issued Friday, and is Independent Repub- lican in politics. The corporation is made up of Harold J. Cruger, Mrs. Ida L. Cruger, and Mrs. Ruth Cruger Williams. The combined circulation of this and other papers they publish is in excess of 12,U0U copies weekly, and attractive combination advertising rates are in effect. Other papers issued include Thrifty Shopper, Villa Parker, Lombard Press and Villa Park News. Publications covering inten- sively all of northeast DuPage County, with population of 3 5,000. The paper has been owned by the Crugers for more than 12 years. Circulation, 6,150, including free circulation, Thrifty Shopper. Harolu I Advertising rate: local, 75c; foreign, 98c; combination five papers, rate $2.00. Subscription rate: local, S2.00. LOCKPORT HERALD: Established 1933 by Hubert Nelson. Interest sold to Joseph Donnelly, Jr., in February, 1934. Co-partnership entered into by Mr. Donnelly and James R. Schmitz in April, 1934. James R. Schmitz, editor. Lockport, population, 3378, center Lockport township. Situated in Will County, 5 miles north of Joliet on the DesPlaines River and Lakes-to-Gulf Canal. Terminal of deep waterway from Lake Michigan, A. T. & S. F.; E. J. & E.; Alton R.R.'s. Three trunk lines. Coke plant, gas plant, oil refinery, roofing companies, cereal mills, brass foundry, lock factory, and boiler works. Gravel and stone deposits. Coal, lumber. Dairy and grain farming. Shopping center. The Herald is Independent in political affiliation and is issued every 1 ridaj . Circulation, free distribution. Advertising rate: local, 50c per inch; foreign, 75c per inch. NAUJIENOS: Established by the Lithuanian News Publishing Company in 1914. Pius Grigaitis, editor; T. Rypkevich, business manager. Present owner, the Lithuanian News Publishing Company, 1739 S. Halsted Street, Chicago. The Naujienos is published daily except Sundays and has no political affiliations. Circulation, 37,5 86. Advertising rate: local, classified, 9()c per inch; display, 10c per line. Subscription rate: local, $8.00; foreign, $8.00. NATIONAL STOCK YARDS LIVE STOCK REPORTER: Established 1890. Reporter Publishing Company, publisher; C. H. Hitchborn, editor. National Stock Yards, population, 1209. Located in St. Clair County, adjoining East St. Louis. Served by eleven railroads. Stock yards; meat packing industries; fertilizer factories. The Live Stock Reporter is published every evening except Sunday, giving the stuck markets and agricultural notes. Circulation, 7,681. Subscription rate: S5.00. •Sec also Lombard Preis; Villa Park News. 565 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History MAGYAR TRIBUNE: Established 1915 by Samuel Sandor, who has been editor and publisher since that date. Owned by the Hungarian Tribune Print and Publishing Company, 2207 Claybourn Ave., Chicago. The Magyar Tribune is a weekly paper, appearing every Friday. 1 1 is Independent in political afhliation. Circulation, 3,500. Advertising rate: local 98c; foreign, 98c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $3.00. Sami i i Sandob MOMENCE PROGRESS: Established 1901. Lewis Howk, editor and publisher. Momence, population, 2236, located in Kankakee County, 11 miles east of Kankakee. C. & E. I.; N. Y. C; C. M. S. P. & P. R.R.'s. Brick, textile and cereal factories. Agri- culture. The Progress is Republican in political affiliation and is issued each Friday. Subscription rate: local, $1.50. MANHATTAN AMERICAN: Established 1919. R. E. Seeley, editor and pub- lisher. Manhattan, population, 628, located in Will County, 10 miles southeast of Joliet. C. M. S. P. & P.; Wabash R.R.'s. Diversified farming. The American is issued each Thursday and is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 1134. Subscription rate: local, $1.5 0. 'VILLA PARK NEWS: Established 1923. Owned by Elmhurst Press (Harold J. Cruger, Mrs. Ida L. Cruger, and Mrs. Ruth Cruger Williams). Editor, Harold J. Cruger. Villa Park, population, 6,220. Located in DuPage County, 18 miles west of Chicago. Home of Ovaltine plant, chemical industries and stone quarry. Agriculture. The News is issued each Friday and is Independent Republican in politics. Circulation, 2,975, including free circulation Shopper edition (Villa Parker). Advertising rates: local, 50c; foreign, 84c; including free circulation Shopper edition. Combination advertising rate with other Elmhurst Press publications $2.00 per inch. Subscription rate: local, $1.00, foreign, $2.00. tLOMBARD PRESS: Now printing volume 44. Owners, The Elmhurst Press (Harold J. Cruger, Ida L. Cruger, and Mrs. Ruth Cruger Williams). Editor, Harold J. Cruger. Lombard, population, 6,197. Located in DuPage County, 22 miles west of Chicago. C. & N. W.; C. A. & E.; C. G. R.R.'s. Greenhouses. Ice cream plant. The Press is issued each Friday and is Independent Republican. It is the oldest paper in Lombard, and circulates in neighboring towns and rural area, as well. Advertising rate: local, 5 0c; national, 84c; in combination advertising rate with other Elmhurst Press publications, $2.00. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $2.00. 566 Illinois Newspaper Dire< ronv and History STRASBURG HERALD: Established 1899 by J. A. Quicksall. Frank Trainer, editor and publisher. Strasburg, population, 41 S. located in Shelby County, 46 miles southeast of Deca- tur. Wabash R.R. Diversified farming. The Strasburg Herald numbers among its owners at various times, J. A. Quicksall William Hellman, Fred Hasemeier, Thomas Bashford, Howard Franklin, John Sallee and J. Edwin Hoyer. The Herald is a weekly publication, issued every Friday. It is Inde- pendent in political affiliation. Circulation, 400. Advertising rate: local, Uc; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, s 1 . 2 s . BERWYN BEACON: Established 1900 by I. J. Stanton. Jerome Joachin, editor and publisher. Berwyn, population, 5 5,000 (official census report shows 47,005). Located in Cook County, 9 l / 4 miles west of Chicago. C. B. & Q.; I. C. R. R.'s. Residential suburb. The Beacon is a weekly publication, issued every Friday. It is Independent in political affiliation. John H. Watson was a former owner of the Beacon, having pur- chased it from I. J. Stanton. Jerome Joachin purchased the paper from Harold I. and A.lmor S. Anderson on July 1st, 1934. Circulation, 6320. Advertising rate: foreign, 60-75c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $4.00. SV1 NSKA TRIBUNEN-NYHETER: Established 1869 by Captain Eric Johnson. Andrew Tofft, editor-in-chief. Owned In the Swedish Publishing Co., 207 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago. The Svenska Tribunen-Nyheter is a weekly publication, issued every Wednesday. It is Independent Republican in political affilia- ti >n. This paper has been owned at various times by Andrew Chaiser, C. G. Lindborg, and C. F. Erikson. Circulation, 40,3 32. Advertising rate: local, 10c per agate line; foreign, 16c per agate line. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $3.00. EL NACIONAL: Established 1924 by Sam Fraga, who has been owner mu\ editor since that date. Published by El Nacional Publishing Company, 237 S. Halsted Siieet, Chicago. El Nacional is a weekly publication, issued every Saturday. It is non-partisan in politics. Circulation, 5,000. Advertising rate: local, 10c per agate line; foreign, 12c per agate line. Subscription rate: local, $1.75; foreign, S2.00. 567 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS STATE REGISTER: Established 1836. Present owners, the estates of Thomas Rees and H. W. Clendenin. Editor, V. Y. Dallman; General Man- ager, G. M. Clendenin; Advertising Director, Walter H. Henkes, City Editor, Robert L. Stubbs; Circulation Manager, F. V. Schuch. Springheld, population, 71,864. Located in Sangamon County, the State Capitol, 96 miles northeast of St. Louis, Missouri, and 185 miles southwest of Chicago. C. & A.; S. T.; B. & O.; C. S. & St. L.; Wab.; I. C.j I. T. R. R. S.; C. & I. M. R. R.'s. Railroad shops. Manufacture shoes, garage equipment, electric meters and clocks, watches, mining camp supplies, boilers, cast iron pipe, radio parts. Trading and shipping center for rich Thomas Rees (Deceased) V. Y. Dallman agricultural region and coal fields, Abraham Lincoln is buried here. Concordia Seminary; Ursuline Academy; Academy of the Sacred Heart; Springfield Junior College; State Capitol and other state buildings. Coal mines. Agriculture. The first edition of the Illinois State Register was published at Vandalia, Illinois, on February 10th, 18 36. The owner at that time was William Walters, who, being state printer, moved the paper to Springfield when the State Capitol was moved there. Other former owners and editors include Charles H. Lanphier, George Walker, Edward Conner, J. W. Merritt & Sons. In 1881 George Smith, Henry W. Clendenin, and Thomas Rees organized a company for the purpose of managing the State Register, but since Mr. Smith died in the following year, Mr. Clendenin in 1927, and Mr. Rees in 193 3, the present ownership consists of the estates of H. W. Clendenin and Thomas Rees. The Register is published daily, including Sundays, and is Democratic in political affiliation. Circulation: Daily, 31,000; Sunday, 27,900. Advertising rate: local, $.80 to $1.40; foreign, 8c per line. Subscription rate: local, $7.00; foreign, $10.40. ROCHELLE LEADER: Established 192 8 by C. A. Stafford as The Rochelle Home Journal, changed to Northern Illinois Democrat, then in July, 1934, changed again to the present name. John W. Tilton, Mgr.; Northern Illinois Democrat Publishing Company, publishers. Rochelle, population 3,78 5. Ogle County, 2 5 miles south of Rockford. C. B. & Q.; C. & N. W.; C. M. St. P. & P. R. R.'s. Manufactures underwear, oatmeal, canned vege- tables, gasoline engines. Spinning mills. Agriculture. The Democrat is a weekly publication, issued every Thursday, and is Independent in politics. Former owners have included W. H. Hohenadel, and C. A. Stafford. Circulation, 2,45 0. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 45c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. 568 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History AMIRIKAN: Established in 1875 by August Geringer. Present owners, August Geringer & Sons, Inc., 2520 S. Crawford Ave., Chicago. R. J. Psenka, editor. The Amerikan is published semi-weekly, Monday and Thursday. It has no political affiliation. It circulates principally among the farmers of Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, North and South Dakota, Mon- tana, Oregon, Washington, and Texas. Circulation, 39,44 1. Advertising rate: local, 10c per line; foreign, same. Subscription rate: local, S. 3 .00; foreign, $4.2 5 per year. tDUCH CASU: Established 1880 by August Geringer & Sons, Inc., 2520 S. Craw- ford Ave., Chicago, present publishers. Editor, R. J. Psenka. The Duch Casu is a family weekly illustrated story paper. It is published Tuesday with the following Sunday's date-line. It has no political affiliation. Circulation, 3 5,321. Advertising rate: local, 7c per line; foreign, same. Subscription rate: local, $3.00 per year; foreign, $4.2 5 per year. ^SLAVIE: Established 1878 by Lieut. -Governor Chas. Jonas of Wisconsin. Present owners, August Geringer & Sons, Inc., 2520 S. Crawford Ave., Chicago. Editor, V. A. Geringer. The Slavie is a semi-weekly paper issued each Monday and Thursday. It is the oldest Bohemian newspaper in America. It has no political affiliation. Circulation, 22,42 8. Advertising rate: local 7c per line; foreign, same. Subscription rate: local, $ 3.00 per year; foreign, s4.2 5 per year. i'DOMACNOST: Established 1881. Present owners, August Geringer and Sons, Inc., 2520 S. Crawford Ave., Chicago. Editor, V. A. Geringer. Domacnost is issued twice a week, Monday and Thursday. It is a Bohemian paper. Independent in political affiliation. Former owner, G. V. Kubis, Milwaukee. Circulation, 8,071. Advertising rate: local, 6c per agate line. Subscription rate: local, $3.00; foreign, s4.25. SZGODA: Established 1878 by the Polish National Alliance, 1406 W. Division Street, Chicago, present owners. Karol Piatkiewcz, editor. Zgoda is issued every Thursday and it is Independent Republican in political affilia- tion. It is the official organ of the Polish National Alliance of the United States of North America. Circulation, 147,031. Subscription rate: 36c per year (for members) ; 75c per year (non-members) ; $2.00 per year (to foreign countries). •s™ ilso Du ch Casu, Domaci lust, Svornc St, Sir. ,, 1 tSee « ho Am erikan, Donucno st. Svornost , SI is i( . 1 Ins IgO tStc ., Iso Am erikan, Duch Cl su, Domaci: osc, S il ; t hicago. SSec .» Iso Svo, i . Slavic; Chicago. JSec a Iso Dzi tnn.k Zwiazkowj ', Chicago. 569 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History !: NAROD POLSKI— THE POLISH NATION: Established 18 86 by the present owners, The Polish Roman Catholic Union of America, 1331 Augusta Blvd., Chicago. Manager, Zygmunt Stefanowicz. Editor, Frank S. Bare. The Narod Polski is a weekly publication and is issued every Wednesday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 115,000. Advertising rate: local, $2.52 per inch. Subscription rate: local, 5c per month. fDZIENNIK ZJEDNOCZENIA: Established 1921 by the Polish Roman Catholic Union of America, present owners, 1331 Augusta Blvd., Chicago. Manager, Zygmunt Stefanowicz. Editor, Frank S. Bare. The Dziennik Zjednoczenia is published daily with the exception of Sunday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 3 3,850. Advertising rate: local, $1.54 per inch; foreign, same. Subscription rate: local, $8.00; foreign, $8.00. ^DZIENNIK ZWIAZKOWY— POLISH DAILY: Established 1908 by the Polish National Alliance, 1406 W. Division Street, Chicago, present owners. Editor, K. Piatkiewicz. The Dziennik Zwiazkowy — Polish Daily is issued daily with the exception of Sunday. It is Independent Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 27,090. Advertising rate: local, 10c per line; foreign, 16c per line. Subscription rate: local, 2c per copy; foreign, $7.00 per year. GLOS POLEK: Established in 1910 by the Polish Women's Alliance of America, 1309 North Ashland Ave., Chicago, present publishers. Editor, Mrs. Mary O. Kryszak. The Glos Polek is the official organ of the Polish Women's Alliance of America. It is issued every Thursday and is non-partisan in political affiliation. Circulation, 60,000. Advertising rate: local, $1.40 per inch. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. NOVE CASY — NEW TIMES: Established by the Nove Casy — New Times Publish- ing Co., 1702 S. Halsted St., Chicago, in 1918. Present owner, Nove Casy — New Times Publishing Co. Editor and business manager, Stephen Huska. The Nove Casy — New Times is a weekly publication issued every Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 4,800. Advertising rate: local, 75c per inch; foreign, 90c per inch. Subscription rate: local, $2.00 per year; foreign, $2.50 per year. •See also Dziennik Zjednoczenia, Chicago. tSee also Narod Polski. Chicago. tSee also Chicago Zgoda. 570 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History GREEK STAR: Established 1904 by Peter S. Lambros, present owner. 130 N. Wells Street, Chicago. Editor, Peter S. Lambros. The Greek Star is issued every Friday and is Independent Republican in political affiliation. Advertising rate: local, $ 1.40 per inch; foreign, $2.00 per inch. Subscription rate: local, SI. 00; foreign, $2.00. GREEK PRESS: Established in 1929 by Paul Javaras. Present owner, Greek Press Publishing Company, Chicago. Editor, Paul Javaras. The Greek Press is issued every Thursday and is Independent Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 8,000. Advertising rate: local, 7c per line. Subscription rate: local, $3.00; foreign, $5.00. JEWISH DAILY FORWARD: Established 1919 by the Forward Association, Kedzie Ave. and Thirteenth St., Chicago, present owner. Editor, Abraham Cahan. Jewish Daily Forward is issued every morning. The Sunday edition carries a roto- gravure section. Circulation, 30,208. Advertising rate: local, 13c per line; foreign, 16c per line. Subscription rate: local, $10.00 per year; foreign, $1 1.00, $18.00 per year. MISSIONS VANNEN: Established 188 5 by The Missions Friend's Publishing Co., 36 5 W. Chicago Ave., Chicago, present owners. Rev. Otto Hogfeldt, editor. The Missions Vannen is a weekly publication issued every Tuesday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 13,000. Advertising rate: local, $1.12 per inch; foreign, same. Subscription rate: local, $2.00 per year; foreign, $2.50 per year. ONZE TOEKOMST— OUR FUTURE: Established in 1896. Present owner, Christ- ian Literature Publishing Company, 1315 S. Ashland Ave., Chicago. Editor, Harry De Jong. The Onze Toekomst is a weekly publication and is issued every Wednesday. It is neutral in political affiliation. Chicago Publishing Company was a former owner. Circulation, 15,000. Advertising rate: local, 9c per line. Subscription rate: local, si. 50 per year; foreign, $2.00, $2.50 per year. OTTHON: Established 1908. Alexander de Dessewffy. editor and publisher. 440 S. Dearborn St., Chicago. The Otthon is a weekly publication and is issued every Friday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 1,440. Advertising rate: local, 8c per line. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History OSADNE HLASY: Established 1928. Present owner, Tylka Bros. Press, Inc., 830 W. 18th St., Chicago. Editor, Florian V. Tylka; business manager, Vendo J. Tylka. Osadne Hlasy is a weekly publication and is issued each Friday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 2,000. Advertising rate: local, 8 5c per inch. Subscription rate: local, $2.00 per year; foreign, $2.5 per year. AZ IRAS: Established 1924 by Az Iras Publishing Co., Inc. Present owners, Az Iras Publishers, 318 W. Washington St., Chicago. Ignacio Izsak, editor. Az Iras is issued every Friday and has the largest circulation of any Hungarian news- paper in the United States. It is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 1,5 00. Advertising rate: local, 7c per line. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $3.00. :: AUSTINITE: Established 1885. Pioneer Publishing Co., 5625 Lake St., Chicago, owners. Otto McFeely, editor. Austinite is issued every Wednesday and has no political affiliation. O. W. Cline was a former owner. Circulation, 3 0,000. Advertising rate: local, $1.45, $2.50 per inch; foreign, 18c, 2 5c per line. Subscription rate: local, $1.20; foreign, $2.50. CHICAGO BLADET: Established 1877 by the Chicago Bladet Publishing Com- pany. Present owner, the Swedish Evangelical Free Church, 4211 N. Hermitage Ave., Chicago. Editor, J. C. Olson. The Chicago Bladet is published every other Tuesday and is Independent in political affiliation. The present owners purchased the paper from the original founders in May, 1925. Circulation, 4,2 50. Advertising rate: local, 5 0c. Subscription rate: local, $1.5 0; foreign, $1.75. FORBUNDETS VECKOTIDNING (COVENANT WEEKLY) : Established 1912. Present owners, Swedish Evangelical Mission Covenant, 1022 Belmont Ave., Chicago. Editor, Erik Dahlhielm. The Forbundets Veckotidning is issued every Tuesday and is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 8,000. Advertising rate: local, 75c per inch. Subscription rate: local, $2.00 per year; foreign, $2.50 per year. NORTH CHICAGO TRIBUNE: Established 1926. Present owners, Moore Bros., Editor, J. E. Moore. The North Chicago Tribune is a semi-weekly publication, appearing on Tuesday and Friday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 2,5 00. Advertising rate: local, 40c per inch; foreign, same. Subscription rate: local, $3.00 per year. Sec also Ojk Leaves, Ojk Pjrk. 572 Iiiinois Newspaper Directory and History DEUTSCH AMERIKANISCHE BUERGER ZEITUNG: Established June, 1924. Present owner, German American Citizen League, 183 8 N. Halsted Street, Chicago. Editor, E. Brosius. The Deutsch Amerikanische Buerger Zeitung is issued every Wednesday. It has no political affiliation. Circulation, 6,300. Advertising rate: local, s 1 .40 per inch; political rate, S4.20 per inch. Subscription rate: local, $1.00 per year. RUSSIAN REVIEW: Established 1927 by George Sawicki, present publisher. 2117 W. Grand Ave., Chicago. Editor, Victor J. Nedzel. The Russian Review is a weekly publication and is issued every Saturday. It is Inde- pendent in political affiliation. Circulation, 23,000. Advertising rate: local, 10c per line; foreign, 10c per line. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.50. VEK ROZUMU: Established 1910 by the Czechoslovak Ra- tionalist Federation of America, 1208 W. 18th St., Chicago. Editor, Vaclav Miniberger. The Vek Rozumu is a weekly Czechoslovakian paper, appearing every Thursday. It has no political affiliation. Circulation, 5,000. Advertising rate: local, 5c per line. Subscription rate: local, S3. 00 per year; foreign, $4.00 per year. V. J. Miniberger fSLOVAK AMERICAN NEWS: Established 1904. Present publisher. George Sawicki. 21 17 W. Grand Ave., Chicago. Editor, Martin Pavella. The Slovak American News is a weekly publication. It has no political affiliation. The Ludovy Dennik Publishing Association, Inc., was a former owner. Circulation, 23,000. Advertising rate: local, 10c per inch; foreign, 10c per inch. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.5 0. ^YUGOSLAVIA: Present owner, John R. Palandech, 5 36 South Clark Street. Chicago. Editor, Geo. A. Palandech. Yugoslavia is a weekly publication issued every Saturday. It has no political affiliation. Advertising rate: local, 12c per line. Subscription rate: local, $2.00 per year; foreign, $2.5 per year. •See also Slovak American New*. I +Scc also Russian Review, Chicago. JSee also United Serb.Jn. Ch.caco. 573 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History :: UNITED SERBIAN: Present owner and publisher, John R. Palandech, S 3 6 South Clark Street, Chicago. Editor, Geo. Palandech. The United Serbian is a weekly publication issued every Tuesday and it has no political affiliation. Advertising rate: local, 12c per line. Subscription rate: local, $2.00 per year; foreign, S2.50 per year. SAN MIN: Established 193 0. Editors, Joe Yee Fan, Watson Lam, Richard Wong. Business manager, L. T. Suen. 2127 Archer Ave., Chicago. San Min is a daily paper issued every morning with the exception of Sunday. Chinese Nationalist Party is its political affiliation. Circulation, 9,545. Advertising rate: local, $3.00 per inch. Subscription rate: local, $11.00 per year. LAKE FOREST NEWS: Established in 1929. Present owner, Mildred C. Bolger. Editor, Donald Vaughan. Lake Forest, population, 6,5 54. Located in Lake County on Lake Michigan, 7 miles south of Waukegan. C. & N. W. R.R. Lake Forest University; Lake Forest Academy; Ferry Hall. Suburban residential town. The Lake Forest News is a weekly publication and is issued every Thursday. It lias no political affiliation. Circulation, (free) . Advertising rate: local, 75c per inch; foreign, Sc per line. OAKWOOD COMMUNITY NEWS: Established in 1931. Present owner, E. J. Kyle. Editor, E. R. C. Kyle. Oakwood, population, 575. Situated in Vermilion Countv, 10 miles west of Dan- ville. C. C. C. & St. L. R.R. The Community News is a weekly publication issued every Friday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c per inch. Subscription rate: local, $1.50. fF AIR VIEW GRAPHIC: Established in 193 3 by the present owner and pub- lisher. Dee Kay Vose. Editor, Willis W. Vose. Fairview, population, 520. Located in Fulton County, 15 miles northwest of Canton. The Graphic is a weekly publication and is issued every Thursday. It is Independent Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 600. Advertising rate: local, 20c per line; foreign, 2 5c per line. Subscription rate: local, $1.00 per year; foreign, same. 574 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History -CHICAGO LOOP NEWS: Established March 14, 1934 by Harry J. Lazarus the present owner. Editor, Harry J. Lazarus. 32 N. State St., Chicago. The Loop News is a weekly publication issued every Friday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 10,000. Advertising rate: local, $2.00 per inch; foreign, same. Subscription rate: local, $ 1.00 per year; foreign, $2.00 per year. fTINLEY PARK TIMES: Established in 1928 by William Semmler, present owner. Editor, William Semmler. Tinley Park, population, 823. Located in Cook County. The Times is a weekly publication issued every Friday. It is Independent in political athliation. Printed at the News-Bulletin plant in Mokena, Illinois. Circulation, 600. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c per inch; foreign, 30c per inch. Subscription rate: local, $1.50. BORLAND PARK HERALD: Established in 1930 by the present owner, William Semmler. Editor, William Semmler. Orland Park, population, 571. Situated in Cook County. The Herald is a weekly publication issued every Friday. It is Independent in politi- cal affiliation. Printed at the News-Bulletin plant at Mokena, Illinois. Circulation, 5 00. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c per line; foreign, 3 0c per line. Subscription rate: local, $ 1 .5 per year; foreign, $ 1.5 per year. NORTH LOOP NEWS: Established March, 193 0, by the present owner, North Loop News Corporation, 810 N. Clark Street, Chicago. President and editor, R. Bud Albanese. The North Loop News is a weekly publication issued every Thursday. It is Inde- pendent in political affiliation. Circulation, 10,000. Advertising rate: local, $2.50 per inch; foreign, same. Subscription rate: local, $1.00 per year; foreign, same. BERWYN NEWS: Established in 1932 by Watson Printers, the present owners. Business manager, J. H. Watson. Editor, P. C. Watson. Berwyn, population, 47,027. Situated in Cook County, 10 miles west of Chicago. C. B. & Q.; I. C. R.R.'s. Residential suburb of Chicago. The News is a weekly publication issued every Friday. It has no political affiliation. Circulation, 1,500. Advertising rate: local, 40c per inch; foreign, 65c per inch. Subscription rate: local, $2.00 per year; foreign, $2.50 per year. •See also Loop Views, Chicago. tSee also Mokena News-Bullelin, Orland Park H.ralJ. tScc also Mokena News-Bulletin. Tinley Park Timel 575 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History :: DEERFIELD NEWS: Established in 1926. Present owner, Ray C. Pearson. Editor, Harold N. Ahlgren. Deerfield, population, 1,8 52. Located in Lake County, 24 miles north of Chicago. C. M. S. P. & P. R.R- Manufactures type molds, cement blocks. Nurseries. The News is published weekly, appearing each Friday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Numbering among its former owners are Fred Anderson and M. Grenning. Circulation, 3 00. Advertising rate: local, 3 5c per inch; foreign, 5 0c per inch. Subscription rate: local, $1.00 per year; foreign, $2.00. fNORTHBROOK NEWS: Established 1924. Present owner, Ray C. Pearson. Edi- tor, Harold N. Ahlgren. Northbrook, population, 1,193. Situated in Cook County, 30 miles northwest of Chicago. C. M. S. P. & P. R.R. Bank, Glenview. Brick and autotruck factories. Daily and truck farms. The News is a weekly publication issued each Friday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Numbering among its former owner is Fred Anderson and M. Grenning. Circulation, 400. Advertising rate: local, 3 5c per inch; foreign, 5 0c per inch. Subscription rate: local, $1.00 per year; foreign, $2.00. tNILES CENTER PRESS: Established in 1924. Present owner, Ray C. Pearson. Editor, D. Force. Niles Center, population, 5,007. Situated in Cook County, 10 miles northwest of Chicago, with elevated railroad service. C. & N. W. R.R. Brick-yards. Many large green houses. The Press is a weekly publication, issued each Friday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Among its former owners are Fred Fulle and M. Grenning. Circulation, 1,475. Advertising rate: local, 3 5c per inch; foreign, 5 0c per inch. Subscription rate: local, free distribution. NASHVILLE NEWS: Established July 1, 1934, by the present owner, Ed Schmitt. Editor, Ed. Schmitt. Nashville, population, 2,242. Located in Washington County, 3 5 miles southeast of Belleville. M. I.; L. & N. R. R.'s. Flour and grist mills; electric coal mining machinery factory. Coal mines. Diversified farming. The News is a weekly publication, issued each Thursday. It is Independent Repub- lican in political affiliation. Circulation, 231. Advertising rate: local, 10c per inch; foreign, 1 5c per inch. Subscription rate: local $1.00 per year; foreign, $1.50 per year. •See also Northbrook News. Glenview View. Niles Center Tress. tSee also Deerfield News. Glenview View, Nilcs Center Press. *See also Deerfield News. Northbrook News, Glenview Yu». 576 IllI.NOIS XtWM'.MM It Dlltl < IOUY AND IIlSIORY DES PLAINES JOURNAL: Established 193 3 by the present owner. William Fabian. Editor, W'm. L. Fabian. Des Plaines, population, 8,798. Situated in Cook County, 16 miles northwest of Chicago. C. & N. W.; M. S. P. & S. S. M. R.R.'s. Manufactures electric light specialties, electric lamps, greenhouse supplies, foundry products. Ship flowers. Greenhouses. Truck I arms. The Journal is a weekly publication appearing each Friday morning. It has no political affiliation. Originally this paper was called the Des Plaines Community Budget Balancer with free distribution. On January 1st, 1934 the name was changed to the Journal, with a paid circulation. Circulation, 3,100. Advertising rate: local, 25, 30c per inch. Subscription rate: local, 75c per year; foreign, same. ZEIGLER MESSENGER: Establishel 1932. Present owners, Charles L. Phifer, Virgil R. Phifer and M. E. Phifer. Editor, Charles L. Phifer. Zeigler, population, 3,816. Located in Franklin County, 64 miles southeast of Belle- ville. I. C; M. P.; C. B. & Q. R.R.'s. Bottling works. Coal mines. Fruit, stock, dairy farms. The Messenger is a weekly paper appearing each Friday. It is Democratic-Independ- ent in political affiliation. Originally the Messenger was published semi-monthly and was changed to a weekly on September 1st, 1934. Circulation, 1,800. Advertising rate: local, 3 0c per inch; foreign, 3 5c per inch. Subscription rate: local, $1.50 per year; foreign, same. MATTOON INDEPENDENT WEEKLY: Established 1933 by Everett Henne, the present owner and publisher. Editor, Everett Henne. Mattoon, population, 14,631. Situated in Cole County, 44 miles southeast of Decatur. C. C. C. & St. L. R.R. Railroad shops. Manufacturers shoes, steam engines, brooms, meter boxes, furniture, water filters, cone valves and water works supplies. Ships agricultural products. I. O. O. F. Old Folks' Home. Agriculture. Corn, wheat, broom- corn. The Independent Weekly is a weekly publication appearing each Friday. It is Inde- pendent in political affiliation. Circulation, 1,500. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c per inch; foreign, same. Subscription rate: local, $1.20 per year; foreign, same. : CRESTON COURIER: Established 193 3 by Verdelle A. and John W. Tilton. Present owner, Northern Illinois Democratic Publishing Co., Rochelle. Editor, F. J. Tilton. Creston, population, 329. Situated in Ogle County, 5 miles east of Rochelle. The Courier is a weekly publication, appearing every Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 467. Advertising rate: local, 20c per inch; foreign, 25c per inch. Subscription rate: local, free; foreign, $2.00 per year. •Sec also Stcw.irJ Observer, Rochelle Leader. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History fSTEWARD OBSERVER: Established 1933 by Verdelle A. and John W. Tilton. Northern Illinois Democratic Publishing Co., Rochelle, present owner. Editor, F. J. Tilton. Steward, population, 23 0. Situated in Lee County, 8 miles south of Rochelle. The Observer is a weekly publication appearing on Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, H4. Advertising rate: local, 20c per line; foreign, 2 5c per line. Subscription rate: local, free; foreign, $2.00 per year. MORGAN PARK SUBURBAN STAR: Established 1922. Associated Suburban Publishers, present owners, 11112 Longwood Dr., Chicago. Editor, Wesley A. Volp. The Suburban Star appears on each Friday. It has no political affiliation. An edition of the Blue Island Suburban Star. Circulation, 2,700. Advertising rate: local, 70c per inch; foreign, 8 5c per inch. Subscription rate: local, $1.50. ROCKFORD DAILY JOURNAL: Established 1932. Joseph H. Coffin & Associates, present owners. Editor, Richard Gladish. Rockford, population, 8 5,864. Located in Winnebago County on Rock River, 93 miles northwest of Chicago. C. B. & Q.; C. & N. W.; C. M. & G.; C. M. S. P. & P. R.R.'s. Principal manufactures: furniture, knitting, wood-working and iron-working machinery, agricultural implements, machine tools, mechanics' hand-tools, adding machines, auto accessories, oil burners, incubators, hardware, pianos and piano actions, leather goods, saddlery, harness, gas and electric ranges. Horse meat packing plant. Rockford College; Children's Home. Agriculture. Dairy products, live stock. The Daily Journal is issued daily with the exception of Sunday. It is Democratic in political affiliation. Numbering among the former owners are Judge George T. Liddell and W. R. Madden. It is the youngest daily in Rockford. Circulation, 8,642. Advertising rate: local, 45c per inch; foreign, 54c per inch. Subscription rate: local, $7.80 per year; by carrier, 1 5c per week. DOWNERS GROVE JOURNAL: Established 193 2 by Journal Publishing Com- pany, present owner. Editor, Gordon W. Isaac, Business Manager, Wm. C. McCuistion. Downers Grove, population, 8,977. Located in Du Page County, 21 miles southwest of Chicago. C. B. & Q. R.R. Manufactures portable houses, garages, chicken houses, electric linemen's tools, electric fixtures, folding chairs, electric hoists and machinery, flavoring. Greenhouse. Dairy and poultry farms. The Journal is a weekly publication appearing on Friday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 2,5 00. Advertising rate: local, 40c per inch; foreign, 5 0c per inch. Subscription rate: local, $1.00 per year; foreign, $ 1 . 5 per year. tScc aho Crcston Courier, Rochelle Leader. 578 Ii .i.inois Newspaper Directory and History BRITISH AMERICAN: Established 1888. Present owner, A. N. Stevenson. 431 Soul li Dearborn Street, Chicago. Editor, A. N. Stevenson. The British American is a weekly publication issued on Saturday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 7,000. Advertising rate: local, 30c per line. Subscription rate: local, $2.00 per year; foreign, $2.50 per year. AUBURN PARKER: Established 1932 by Michael A. Dwyer, the present owner and editor. 75 7 West 79th Street, Chicago. The Auburn Parker is a weekly publication issued every Wednesday evening. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 22,5 00. Advertising rate: local, 12c per agate line. Subscription rate: local, $ 1.00 per year; by carrier, 5c per month. fHLASATEL: Established 1892. Present owner, Denni Hlasatel Printing & Publish- ing Co., Inc., 1545-49 West 1 8th Street, Chicago. Editor, Josef Neuzil. The Hlasatel is a semi-weekly publication issued on Tuesday and Friday. It is among the largest Bohemian and Slovak newspapers in the United States and Canada. It is non-partisan in political affiliation. Circulation, 60,170. Advertising rate: local, $1.68 per inch; foreign, same. Subscription rate: local, $3.00 per year; foreign, $4.50 per year. DAILY CALUMET: Established 1881. Present owner, The Calumet Publishing < o., Corp., 9120-22 Baltimore Ave., Chicago. Editor, Robert W. Worden. The Daily Calumet is issued daily with the exception of Sunday. It is non-partisan in political affiliation. Numbering among its former owners are John J. Hanberg, Walter E. Schmidt, Emil Seip and George W. Boiling. Circulation, 8,200. Advertising rate: local, 6 5c per inch; foreign, 8 5c per inch. Subscription rate: local, 65c per month; foreign, 75c per month. CHICAGO DEFENDER: Established 1905. Present owner, The Robert S. Abbott Publishing Company, 343 5 Indiana Ave., Chicago. Editor, Robert S. Abbott. The Defender is a weekly (Negro) publication issued each Saturday. It has no political affiliation. Circulation, 8 5,000. Advertising rate: local, 20c per agate line; foreign, same. Subscription rate: local, $3.00 per year; foreign, $3.50 per year. LOGAN SQUARE HERALD: Established 1910 by Ben J. Stevens. Present owner, Albert Wohlers, 3 5 50 Fullerton Ave., Chicago. Editor, Albert Wohlers. The Logan Square Herald is a weekly publication issued every Thursday. It has no political affiliation. Circulation, 4,2 00. Advertising rate: local, 75c per inch. Subscription rate: local, 5 0c per year. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History CENTRAL NORTHWEST TOPICS: Established 192 5 by the Central Northwest Topics, Inc. Present owner, Illinois Corporation Central Northwest Topics, Inc., 43 02 Wrightwood Ave., Chicago. Editor, Harry G. Weimer. The Central Northwest Topics is a weekly publication issued on Thursday. It is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 8,000. Advertising rate: local, $1.10 per inch; foreign, 9c per line. Subscription rate: local, $1.00 per year; foreign, $1.50 per year. -EDGEWATER NEWS: Established 1923. Present owner, Myers Publishing Co., 75 19 N. Ashland Ave., Chicago. Editor, Thomas F. Myers, Jr. The Edgewater News is a weekly publication issued each Tuesday. It is Independ- ent in political affiliation. Circulation, 20,000. Advertising rate: local, 10c per agate line; foreign, same. Subscription rate: local, by carrier, 5c per month; foreign, $ 3 . 5 per year. t NORTH TOWN NEWS: Established 1928. Present owner, Myers Publishing Company, 75 19 North Ashland Ave., Chicago. Editor, Thomas F. Myers, Jr. The North Town News is a weekly paper issued on Wednesday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 12,000. Advertising rate: local, 8c per agate line; foreign, same. Subscription rate: local, by carrier, 5c per month; foreign, $3.50 per year. :|:RAVENSWOOD NEWS: Established 1926. Present owner, Myers Publishing Co., 75 19 North Ashland Ave., Chicago. Editor, Thomas F. Myers, Jr. The Ravenswood News is a weekly publication appearing every Wednesday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 9,900. Advertising rate: local, 9c per agate line; foreign, same. Subscription rate: local, by carrier, 5c per month; foreign, $3.50 per year. $THE LINCOLN ITE: Established 1923. Present owner, Lincolnite Publishing Company, 7519 North Ashland Ave., Chicago. Editor, Thomas F. Myers, Jr. The Lincolnite is a weekly publication issued every Wednesday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 8,700. Advertising rate: local, 9c per agate line; foreign, same. Subscription rate: local, by carrier, 5c per month; foreign, $3.50 per year. JHOWARD NEWS: Established 1921. Present owner, Myers Publishing Company, 7519 North Ashland Ave., Chicago. Editor, Thomas F. Myers, Jr. The Howard News is a weekly publication issued each Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 21,800. Advertising rate: local, 10c per agate line; foreign, same. Subscription rate: local, by carrier, 5c per month; foreign, $3.50 per year. 1 l "> North l,.«n News, Ravenswood News. Lincolnite. Howard News. Rimr Park News. Uptown News. ISce also EdRCWatcr News. Ravenswood News, Lincolnite. Howard News, Rocer Park News, Uptown News. tSce also North Town News, Edgewater Ncsss, Lincolnite, Howard News, Roger Park News, Uptown News. §Sce also Ravenswood News, North Town News Edgewater News, Howard News, Roger Park News, Uptown News. 1Sce also Ravenswood News, North Town Ness-, Edgewater New., Roger Park News, Uptown News. 580 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History ROGER PARK NEWS: Established 1921. Present owner, Myers Publishing Co., ~S IV North Ashland Ave., Chicago. Editor, Thomas F. Myers, Jr. The Roger Park News is a weekly publication issued every Thursday. It appears as a section of the Howard News. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 21, SOU. Advertising rate: local, 10c per agate line; foreign, same. Subscription rate: local, by carrier, 5c per month; foreign, $3.5 per year. tUPTOWN NEWS: Established 1926. Present owner, Myers Publishing Company. 75 19 North Ashland Ave., Chicago. Editor, Thomas F. Myers, Jr. The Uptown News is a weekly publication issued on Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 12,000. Advertising rate: local, 10c per agate line; foreign, same. Subscription rate: local, by carrier, 5c per month; foreign, $3.5 l) per year. NORTH WEST NEWS, PORTAGE- JEFFERSON NEWS, WEST SUBURBAN TIMES, THE IRVING PARK NEWS, THE MONT CLARE NEWS: Established 1890. Present owner, The Peacock Publishing Company, 2 317-19 Milwaukee Ave., Chicago. Editor, Raymond J. Peacock. These papers are all weekly publications appearing the latter part of the week. They are Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, (total) 68,5 00. Advertising rate: local, 15c per line; foreign, 16c per line. tLAKEVIEW ECONOMIST: Established 193 3 by the present owner, James B. Waller, 14H) Sedgwick St., Chicago. Editor, A. Hurwitz. The Lakeview Economist is a weekly paper with no political affiliation. Advertising rate: local, $1.40 per inch. Subscription rate: local, $2.00 per year. JNORTHTOWN ECONOMIST: Established 192 8 by James B. Waller, the present owner. 145 Sedgwick St., Chicago. Editor, A. Hurwitz. The Northtown Economist is a weekly publication with no political affiliation. Circulation, 15,000. Advertising rate: local, $1.40 per inch; foreign, same. Subscription rate: local, $2.00 per year. SOUTH SIDE COURIER: Established 1924. D. W. Whitebrook, publisher, 7646 Cottage Grove Ave., Chicago. Editor, F. C. Kopp. The South Side Courier is a weekly publication issued every Thursday. It is Inde- pendent in political affiliation. Circulation, 18,000. Advertising rate: local, 90c, $1.50 per inch; foreign, same. Subscription rate: local, $2.00 per year; foreign, same. See also Ravenswood News, North rown Ken Edgewatei \« tSee also Ravenswood News, North Town \.»-. Edgewatei \.». :}S« also Northtown Economist. <,s„ also Lakevien Economist. 581 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History ROSICLARE NEWS: Established 1928. Present owner, Cap- tain Stuart E. Johnson. Editor, Captain Johnson. Rosiclare, population, 1,793. Situated in Hardin County, 30 miles southeast of Harrisburg on the Ohio River. The News is a weekly publication appearing on Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Gray and Parsons are listed among the former owners. S. E. Johnson Advertising rate: local, 2 5c per inch; foreign, 3 0c per inch. Subscription rate: local, $1.00 per year; foreign, $1.50 per year. WEST SIDE NEWS: Established in 1931 by Mitchell-Serdiuk, Inc., present owners. 2 504 S. Kedzie Ave., Chicago. Editor, Leonard Serdiuk. The West Side News is a tri-weekly appearing on Sunday, Wednesday and Friday. It is a community newspaper covering the southwest side of Chicago. It is Independent Democrat in political affiliation. Circulation, 2 5,000. Advertising rate: local, $1.10 per inch; foreign, $1.24 per inch. Subscription rate: local, $2.50 per year. WOODLAWN BOOSTER: Established 1930 by Allen Asherman, present owner, 1153 East 63rd Street, Chicago. Editor, Jane Morris. The Booster is a weekly publication appearing on Thursday and it has no political affiliation. Circulation, 12,000. Advertising rate: local, 10c per line; foreign, 1 5c per inch. Subscription rate: local, 5c per month. LAKE VIEW BULLETIN: Established 193 3 by George S. Craig the present owner, 3734 Broadway, Chicago. Editor, George Anderson. The Lakeview Bulletin is a weekly publication appearing every Friday. It is Repub- lican in political affiliation. Circulation, 10,000. Advertising rate: local, $1.25 per inch. Subscription rate: local, $ 1.00 per year. OAKLAND OUTLOOK: Established 1926 by the Oakland Business Men's Asso- ciation, the present owners, 765 Oakwood Blvd., Chicago. Editor, C. H. Daemicke. The Oakland Outlook is a weekly publication issued on Friday. It has no political affiliation. Advertising rate: local, $1.00 per inch. NORTH SIDE NEWS: Established 1927. Present owner, Lowden Publishing Co., Inc., 4772 Belmont Ave., Chicago. Editor, Leslie S. Lowden. The North Side News is a weekly publication and is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 12,000. Advertising rate: local, 65c per inch; foreign, $1.00 per inch. Subscription rate: local, 10c per month. 582 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History ■HARTSBURG JOURNAL: Established 1932 by J. W. Webb. Mrs. Ann.. \\ . Hitchcock, owner and editor since 1933. Hamburg, population, 318. Located in Logan County, 32 miles northeast of Spring- field. 1. C. R.R. Rich agricultural district. The Journal is published each Thursday. It is independent politically. The present owner purchased the paper from Frank J. Conrady who bought it from the founder. Circulation, 5 00. Advertising rate: local, 18c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, SI. 00; foreign, $1.25. GRAYSLAKE TIMES: Established 1905. P. E. Schlottman, editor and publisher. Grayslake, population, 1119. Located in Lake County, 12 miles west of Waukegan. C. M. St. P. & Pac; Soo R.R.'s; bus line. Gelatin, cement block factories. Bottling works; feed, grist, and planing mills; machine shop. Agriculture. Headquarters Lake County Farm and Home Bureaus. The Times is a weekly, appearing every Thursday, and is Inde- pendent Republican in political affiliation. P. \V. New house was the previous owner. Circulation, 8 5 0. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $1.5 0; foreign, $1.50. fGREEN VALLEY BANNER: Established 1899. Present owner and editor, J. Ross Arnold. Green Valley, population, 4 5 4. Located in Tazewell County, 20 miles south of Peoria. C. & N. W.; I. C. R.R.'s. Agriculture. The Green Valley Banner is published every Thursday and is Independent in political affiliation. Previous to the time it was purchased by Mr. Arnold in 1934, it was owned by the Johnson Printing Company, Washington Printing Company, E. G. Kilby, Frank Conrady, and Mrs. Anna \\". Hitchcock. Circulation, 2 5 0. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, si. 5 0; foreign, $1.50. MARENGO REPUBLICAN-NEWS: Established 1865 by J. B. Babcock. Edwin W. Dean, editor and publisher. Marengo, population, 1948, located in McHenry County, 27 miles east of Rockford. C. & N. W. R.R. Foundry, metal works, electrical appliances, milk processing, milk products, garment and pickle factories. Agriculture, dairy products. The Republican-News is issued each Thursday and is Independent in political af- filiation. Circulation, 1,700. Advertising rate: local, 3 5c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, •>2.00. •See alio Emden News; San Jose Journal; New HollanJ Journal. 583 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History SOUTH SIDE NEWS: Established 1924 as the Liberty Bell by Dougherty & Maier, Inc. Present owner, South Side News, Inc., 6138-40 South Western Ave., Chicago. Editor, Wallace M. Welch. The South Side News is a weekly publication issued on Thursday. I It is Independent in political affiliation. Listed among the former i owners are, Dougherty & Maier, Inc., Liberty Bell Press, Inc., and I South Side News Press, Inc. Circulation, 1 5,000. Advertising rate: local, 50c, $1.50 per inch; foreign, $1.50 less 15 and 2%. Subscription rate: local, 5 0c per year. Wallace M. Welch SANDARA: Established 1914 by the Lithuanian National League of America, the present owner, 814 West 33rd Street, Chicago. Editor, M. Vaidyla. The Sandara is a weekly publication appearing every Friday. Its platform is based on the Democratic principle, but it has no direct connection with either the Democratic or Republican Party. Circulation, 12,000. Advertising rate: local, 5 0c, 75c per inch. Subscription rate: local, $2.00 per year; foreign, $3.00 per year. ROCK ISLAND TRI-CITY LABOR REVIEW: Established 1910 by the present owner, Tri-City Federation of Labor. Editor, Charles A. Reagan. Rock Island, population, 37,9 5 3. Located in Rock Island County, on the Mississippi River, opposite Davenport, Iowa, 182 miles Southwest of Chicago. C. B. & Q.; C. M. S. P. & P.; C. R. I. & P.; D. R. I. & N. W.; R. I. S. R.R.'s Bridge and ferry to Davenport, Iowa. Excellent water-power. Shipping center. Augustana College and Theological Seminary. Federal arsenal, Federal armory and national cemetery. Dairy, poultry, fruit and truck farms. Manufacturing. The Tri-City Labor Review is a weekly labor publication appearing on Friday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 4,000. Advertising rate: local, 5 0c per inch; foreign, 60c per inch. Subscription rate: local, $1.50 per year. CHEBANSE HERALD: Established 1868. R. W. Lane, owner and editor since 1901. Chebanse, population, 5 62. Located in Iroquois and Kankakee Counties, 9 miles south of Kankakee on I. C. R.R. and State Highway No. 2 5. Agriculture district. Some dairying. The Herald is published each Thursday morning, Independent Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 706. Advertising rate: local, 17, 20c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rates: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. 584 Illinois Newspaper Directory and Hisioks CHICAGO DAILY TIMES— SUNDAY TIMES: Established September 3, 1929, by i hicago Times Company, present owner. S. E. Thomason, publisher. Richard J. Finnegan, editor. Chicago, population, 3,376,438. Situated in Cook Count) at the southern end of Lake Michigan at the mouth of the Chicago River. Termination point of 38 railroads. Second largest city in the United States. The Chicago Times — Sunday Times is the youngest daily news- paper in Chicago. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, Daily, 180,000; Sunday, 2 10,000. Advertising rate: local, 12c, 20c per line; foreign, 32c, 35c per line. Subscription rate: local, 75c per month, $8.00 per year Daily and Sunday; foreign, si 5.00 per year Daily and Sunday. Si. 50 per month. H. I . Hari.inc CLIFTON ADVOCATE: Established 1893 by C. E. Johnson. Harry E. Harling, editor, owner, and publisher since 1921. Clifton, population, 6 3 S. Located in Iroquois County, 13 miles south of Kankakee. I. C. R.R. Agriculture. The Advocate is a weekly paper, issued every Thursday. It is Republican in politics. Among its former owners are Charles Trimble and A. A. Raboin. Circulation, 5 00. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00 OTTAWA REPUBLICAN-TIMES: Established December, 1844 by James and H. E. Gedney. L. M. Davis, editor. Fred A. Sapp, general manager. Owned Republican-Times Printing Company. The Republican-Times is published ever) afternoon, with the exception of Sunday. Former owners of this paper included Sapp and Pettit and Sapp. This newspaper was first known as the "Constitutionalist," the name being changed in 1S5 2 to the "Ottawa Republican." It con- tinued to be issued weekly until June 27, 1877, when it was consolidated with the Daily Times and has since been published daily. Since Janu- ary, 19 27, it has been the only newspaper pub- lished in the city of Ottawa. Circulation, 7,783. Advertising rate: local, 52c; foreign, 63c. Subscription rate: local, $4.00 (mail); foreign, $6.00. Low r\ by the M. Da Fred A Sapp 585 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History J. B. GUMMtKMAN BLOOMINGTON JOURNAL: Established 1878. John B. Gummerman, owner and editor. Bloomington, population, 30,930. Located in McLean County, 3 5 miles southeast of Peoria. C. & A.; I. C; C. C. C. & St. L.; N. Y. C. & St. L. R.R.'s. Railroad center with railroad machine shops. Oil furnace, washing machine, ventilating system and fan, automobile 'radiator, gas stove and foundry products manufactories. Orphans' Home. Coal mines; gravel deposits. Agriculture. The Journal is a weekly, issued on Friday, and is Independent in political affiliation. It was established by Frederick A. Schmitt, H. Meyer, and Julius Dietrich. Advertising rate: local, 40c; foreign, 40c. Subscription rate: local $1.50; foreign, $2.50. FREEPORT JOURNAL-STANDARD: Established 1913. Donald L. Breed, gen- eral manager. Owned by the Freeport Journal-Standard Publishing Company, Inc. Freeport, population 22,045. County seat of Stephenson County, located 114 miles west northwest of Chicago. I. C; C. & N. W.; C. G. W.; C. M. St. P. & Pac. R.R.'s. Manufactures windmills, pumps, electric dry cell batteries, furniture, toilet articles, extracts, spices, flour, cheese, patent medicines, coffee mills, hardware spe- cialties, motor hearses, moulding machines, brushes, paper boxes, curtain rods, mill work, toys and leather. Agriculture. The Journal-Standard is the outgrowth of the old Bulletin, established 1847, the Journal, founded 1848, and the Freeport Stand- ard established 1887. The Journal-Standard is published daily with the exception of Sunday, and is an afternoon paper. It is Independent in politics. Circulation, 10,000. Advertising rate: local, 5 2c; foreign, 70c. Subscription rate: local, 15c per week; foreign, $5.00 per year. AUBURN CITIZEN: Established 1871. G. H. Chitwood, editor and publisher since 1924. Auburn, population, 2,600. Located in Sangamon County, 16 miles south southwest of Springfield. C. & A.; C. & I. M. R.R.'s. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Citizen is published weekly, appearing every Friday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Former owners of this paper have included Gordon, Wadsworth 8r Murphy, Smith, and Everhart. Circulation, 1,346 (Sworn). Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. Iiiinois Newspaper Directory and History CLINTON DAILY JOURNAL AND PUBLIC: Established 1908. R. C. Peltz and Mrs. Minnie Z. Peltz, owners, the former being editor. Clinton, population, 5,92 0. County seat of DeWitt County, 22 miles south of Bloomington. I. C. R.R. I. C. railroad shops; garment factories. Agriculture. The Clinton Daily Journal and Public was created in 1927 when the Journal, founded by B. F. Peltz, asborbed the Clinton Register and Clinton Public. It is printed daily except Monday, in the morn- ing. Independent politically. Circulation, 2,13 5- Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 45c. Subscription rate: local, $4.00; foreign, $5.00. M -PLEASANT PLAINS ARGUS: Established 1921 by W. F. Lacey. Allan Cole, editor and publisher since 1927. Allan Cole and Molly Clayton Cole, owners. Pleasant Plains, population, 1,078. Located in Sangamon County, 15 miles northwest of Springfield on State Route 12 5. B. & O. R.R. Grain elevators. Coal mines. Agriculture. Cattle raising. The Argus was owned from the time of its establishment until 192 5 by W. F. Lacey. At the end of that time he sold to R. B. Reinbach who was publisher until October, 1927, when the Argus was purchased by the present owners. This is a weekly pub- lication, issued every Friday, and is Independent in politics. Circulation, 5 64. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c (direct from advertisers); foreign, 3 0c (through agencies). »x Cole Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. O'FALLON PROGRESS: Established 1894 by H. P. Gibbs. editor and publisher since 1917. O'Fallon, population, 2,373. Located in Saint Clair County, 7 miles north of Belleville. B. & O.; L. & N., and Illinois Terminal R.R.'s. Flour mill; steel range factory. Five coal mines. Rich agricultural and dairying community. The Progress has had but four different owners during its 37 years of existence. Besides the present owner and the founder, the only other two publishers have been A. H. Doran and R. A. Everett. The Progress is published every Thursday, and is Independent in politics. Circulation, 810. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. Marcell F. Kuehn. Marc i i i \ Kuehn •Sec Nt» Berlin Bee. J87 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History PEOTONE VEDETTE: Established 1894 by J. C. Adams. Mrs. Stella C. Adams, editor and publisher. Peotone, population, 1,154. Located in Will County, 41 miles southwest of Chicago. I. C; C. M. St. P. & Pac. R.R.'s. Tile, brick, cement, and bridge works. Gun pad factory. Agriculture. The Vedette was under the sole management of J. C. Adams from the time of its establishment until his death in 1931. Since that time his widow has successfully carried on the business. Since October, 1931 the Monee Review, formerly owned by Conrad and Adams, has been consolidated with the Peotone paper. By this arrangement the last page of the Vedette is devoted to news items concerning Monee. Circulation, 1,100. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. J. C. Adams ROCKFORD MORNING STAR: Established 18 87 by R. S. Chapman. Owned by Rockford Consolidated Newspapers, Incorporated. Business manager, E. Kenneth Todd. Editor, T. Barney Thompson. President and publisher of both papers, Mrs. Ruth Hanna Simms. Director of advertising, Russell Chapman. Director, Elliott Bartlett. ROCKFORD REGISTER-REPUBLIC: (Evening, same management). Rockford, population, 8 5,831. County seat of Winnebago County, located on the Rock River, 93 miles northwest of Chicago. C. B. & Q.; C. & N.W.; C. M. St. P. & Pac; I. C. R.R.'s. Second largest industrial city in Illinois. Insurance center. Principal products manufactured are: furniture, knitting, wood-working and iron-working machinery, agri- cultural implements, machine tools, mechanics' hand tools, adding machines, auto acces- sories, oil burners, incubators, hardware, pianos and piano actions, leather goods, saddlery, harness, and gas and electric ranges. Only horse meat packing plant in the United States. Rockford College. Children's Home. Agriculture, dairying, live stock. The Morning Star was formerly owned by R. S. Chapman, Stewart Riley, J. V. Rilev and Russell Chapman. It is now published in connection with the Rockford Register-Republic, both papers being controlled by Rockford Consolidated Newspapers, Inc. The Star is issued every morning, and has a Sunday edition also. It is Independent in politics. Circulation: Morning Star, 23,328; Register-Republic, 23,192. (A. B.C., September 30, 1933). Advertising rate: local, $1.25, S2.00 per inch; Sunday Star, 5c per inch additional. Subscription rate: local, 15c per week; foreign, $5.00. : GRIDLEY ADVANCE: Established 1893. Wm. H. Hawthorne, owner and editor. Gridley, population, 709. Located in McLean County, 40 miles east of Peoria. T. P. & W. R.R. Grain elevators. Agriculture. The Advance is issued each Thursday, and is Republican in politics. C. S. Rowley was the former publisher. Circulation, 500. Advertising rate: local, 15c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. "See Chenoa Clipper-Times. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History BELLEVILLE DAILY NEWS-DEMOCRAT: Established 18 5 5 by Rev. VCilliamson Franklin Boyakin. Robert L. Kern, editor and publisher; Richard P. Kern, associate editor. Belleville, population 28,425. Situated in St. Clair County, 14 miles southeast of St. Louis, Mo. Southern; L. & N.; I. C. R.R.'s. Stove, furnace, stencil and embossing machine, shoe, sock, shirt, pants, agricultural implement factories; enameling plants; coal, clay, molding sand, building sand, metallurgical coke. Agriculture. The Daily News-Democrat is published every afternoon with the exception of Sunday. It is Democratic Independent in political affiliation and is one of the most outstanding newspapers in Illinois. This paper was purchased by Fred J. Kern in 1891 and was published by him until his death, Nov. 9, 1931. Since that date the News- Democrat has been under the management of Mr. Kern's two sons. Circulation, 10,609. Advertising rates: local, 50c per inch; foreign, 3 ' _?c per line. Subscription rates: local and by carrier, $7.50; foreign, $5.00. NEW ATHENS JOURNAL: Established 1894 by J. W. Wicgand. A. J. Loos, editor and publisher since 1906. New Athens, population, 1,269. Located in Saint Clair County, on the Kaskaskia River, 14 miles southeast of Belleville. I. C. R.R. Flour mill; saw mill; stove foundries; machine shops; enameling works. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Journal is published every Friday and is Independent in political affiliation. Hedge Brothers were among the former owners of the Journal. Circulation, 600. Advertising rate: local, 22c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.25. A. J. Loos AVA CITIZEN: Established 1900 by A. O. Genung. G. H. Everts and R. G. Everts, owners, editors and publishers. Ava, population, 615. Situated in Jackson County, 64 miles southeast of St. Louis, Missouri. M. & O. R.R. Agriculture. The Ava Citizen is a weekly publication, which is issued every Friday. It has no political affiliation. Circulation, 650. Advertising rates: local, 10c; foreign, 10c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $1.00. 589 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History MELROSE PARK, MELROSE PARKER: Established 1923 by Community Newspapers, Oak Park. P. E. Rubendall, editor and manager since May, 1930. F. L. Rubendall, owner. Melrose Park, population, 10,772. Located in Cook County, 1 1 miles west of Chicago. C. & N. W. R.R. Electric equipment, steel casting, tin-plate and can, and brake-shoe manufactures. Rail- road shops. Residential town. The Melrose Parker is a weekly paper, appearing every Thurs- day. It is Independent in political affiliation. Former owners of this paper have included Lawrence Ellguth and Elmer Moore. Circulation, 2,000. Advertising rate: local, 50c; foreign, 75c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $1.00. P. E. Rubendall OLNEY DEMOCRAT: Established 1891 by Tucker and Richardson. Ed Richard- son, editor since 1891. Democrat Printing Company, owner. Olney, population, 6,140. Located in Richland County, 117 miles east of St. Louis. B. & O.; I. C. R.R.'s. Machine shop; garment, I shoe and mop factories; flour mills; packing plant. Agriculture. ** ^| Fruit farming. The Democrat is a weekly publication, issued every Thursday. As the name implies, it is Democratic in its political affiliation. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $2.00. Ed. Richardson OLNEY TIMES: Established 1850. J. Humphrey LeCrone, owner and editor since Olney, population, 6,140. Located in Richland County, 117 miles east of St. Louis. B. & O.; I. C. R.R.'s. Machine shop; garment, shoe and mop factories; flour mills; packing plant. Agriculture. Fruit farming. The Times is published every Thursday, and is Democratic in political affiliation. Previous to the time it was purchased by th.' present owner, the Times was published by Dan Robinson. Circulation, 1,800. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 40c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $1.50. J. H. LeCrone Iiiimhs \i vksi-M'i.R Directory and History FLORA DAILY NEWS: Established 1930. Flora Record Publishing Company, owners; L. M. Wood, editor. Flora, population, 4,393. Located in Clay County, 94 miles east of St. Louis, Mo. B. & O. R.R. Railroad shops, shoe, underwear and furniture factories; ice and cold storage plants. Agriculture. The News is printed daily except Sunday, and is Independent politically. It consolidated with the Flora Journal-Record in 1954. Circulation, 2,200. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 42c. Subscription rate: local. $4.00; foreign. S4.00. HAMMOND COURIER: Established 1902. Grover C. Hines, owner. G. W. Hines, advertising manager. Hammond, population, 470. Located in Piatt County. 2d miles east of Decatur. B. & O.; Wabash R.R.'s. Agriculture. The Courier i> published each Thursday, and is Democratic politically. Former owners were J. F. Stanley, E. B. Leavitt and Thos. L. Conn. Circulation, 5 00. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. John G. Esnorff AURORA LABOR NEWS: Established 1923. John G. Esnorff and John C. Esnorff, owners. John G. Esnorff, editor. The Labor News is a weekly publication, the official organ of Organized Labor in the Fox Valley, issued every Thursday. It is devoted to the interests of trade organizations and is Independent politically. Circulation, 3,500. Advertising rate: local, 75c per inch; foreign, $1.00 per inch Subscription rate: local, $2.50; foreign, $2.50. •Sec Flora Journal-Record. 591 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History CHICAGO TRIBUNE: Established June 10, 1847, by Joseph K. C. Forrest, James J. Kelly and John E. Wheeler. Its real foundations were built by Joseph Medill who joined it in 185 5. Owner, The Tribune Company, incorporated in 1861 by a special act of the Illinois legislature. Editor and Publisher, Colonel Robert R. McCormick, grandson of Joseph Medill. Managing editor, Edward S. Beck. Business manager, W. E. Macfarlane. The Tribune, oldest Chicago newspaper, has been in control of the same family for 79 years. Since 1861 its growth has been unaided by absorption of, or merger with any other newspaper. The Chicago Tribune has lived through four major American wars, eight major depressions. Twice, in 1849 and 1871, its plants have been destroyed by fire. Six months after the fire of 1849 the Tribune became the first newspaper in the west to install telegraphic news service. In 1865 it initiated the activities which led to the foundation of the Western Associated Press, forerunner of today's "A. P." The Tribune's greatest era began in 1912, the year in which its presidency was assumed by Colonel McCormick. In the succeeding years, circulation increased at a tremendous pace. Today it is the most influential news- paper in America. Among other achievements this era is marked by R. R. Mt CORMICK ,_..,, ... £ . .1, . | I i i the Tribune s acquisition of its own paper mill, timberlands and fleet of ships; by the establishment of its European edition and of the New York Daily News; by its invention of coloroto printing and by its development of run-of-paper color printing. Independent Republican in politics, the Tribune has been fearless in its attacks on official corruption, regardless of party. It has established a notable record in serving its community and the nation by its exposures of graft and crime. Its contributions to public- service are numerous. It was the first newspaper to publish a daily column on health, advice to investors, and on other topics of public interest, each of which features originated as the result of a vigorous campaign by the Tribune to correct a widespread evil. Other pioneer activities of the Tribune which have won national attention are its Music Festivals, Golden Gloves Tournaments, All-Star Ball Games, and similar entertainments which attract hundreds of thousands annually. Circulation, (daily) 779,181; (Sunday) 914,287. Advertising rate: Daily, (general display) 95c to Sl.40; Sunday, (general display) $1.10 to $1.75. (Volume discounts are applicable in the retail field and volume rates are quoted in the national field.) Subscription rate: domestic (daily only) $5.00 per year; (Sunday only) $7.50 per year; foreign (daily only) $12.00 per year, (Sunday only) $7.50 per year. NASHVILLE JOURNAL: Established 1862 by C. F. Hartman. Joseph Bruce Campbell, owner and publisher since December, 193 3. Nashville, population 2,243. Located in Washington County, 18 miles southwest of Centralia. M. I.; L. & N. R.R.'s. Flour and grist mills. Power shovel factory. Coalmine. Agriculture, dairying. The Journal is published every Thursday and is Independent in politics. Mr. Campbell bought the paper in December, 193 3, from the H. J. Schmidt family who had managed it for 47 years. At different times J. B. Matlack, W. W. Watts, and Mr. Schmidt's daughter, Clara, were associated with Mr. Schmidt in publishing the Journal. Circulation, 2,2 5 0. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. 592 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History *ELGIN COURIER-NEWS: Established 1878 by Hiram N. Wheeler. R. Eaton I edou, president and general manager. Ira C. Copley, owner. Elgin, population, 35,812. Located in Kane County on the Fox River, 36 miles northwest of Chicago. C. &N.W.; C. A. & E.; C. M. St. P. & Pac. R.R.'s. Abundant water power and extensive manufacturing. Milk condensing and meat packing plants; foundries; machine shops; watch, watch-case, clock, speedometer, hardware, piano, windmill, butter-tub, casket, shirt, and shoe factories. Trade in butter, cheese, and other farm products. Elgin State Hospital for the Insane. Elgin Academy. The Courier-News was first established as a daily and a weekly and was brought by Mr. Wheeler from St. Charles. Upon Mr. Wheeler's retirement from the Elgin field, his brother, J. Niles Wheeler, succeeded to the position of editor and soon changed the paper from an evening to a morning issue. He re-named the paper the Morning Frank. In 18 84 the Frank was purchased by Will S. Doherty and Harry D. Hemmens, who re-christened the paper the K. i \i«.n Fedou Daily Courier and again made it an afternoon paper. Since that date the Courier has been published continuously as an afternoon paper, and on January 1, 1926 it absorbed the old Elgin Daily News, which dated its origin in Elgin from the year 1876, having been established then by Carlos H. Smith. The Courier-News is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 17,000. Advertising rate: local, $1.00; foreign, 7c per line. Subscription rate: local, $4.00; foreign, $5.00. EL PASO JOURNAL: Established 1865 by John S. Harper. George R. Cum-s owner and publisher since 1889. El Paso, population, 1,578. Located in Woodford County, 18 miles north of Bloomington. I. C. ; T. P & \\". R.R.'s. Canning factories. Ships live stock and grain. Agriculture. The Journal is a weekly paper, appearing every Thursday and is Independent Republican in political affiliation. Numerous owners of the Journal have included J. W. Wolfe, W. H. Addis & Brother, Baldwin & Martin, Gersham Martin, E. F. Baldwin, Baldwin & Barnes, Carrier & Coleman, W. G. Randall, A. L. Hereford, Here- ford & Meek, W. D. Meek, A. O. Rupp, and Curtiss & Evans. Circulation, 1,45 0. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, S2.00; foreign, S2.00. George R. Curiiss MIDLOTHIAN MESSENGER Established 1929 by Roy Andrews and Kevin McCann, the present owners. Editor, Ruth C. Andrews. Midlothian, population, 1,775. Located in Cook Countv, 21 miles southwest of Chicago. C. R. I. & P. R. R. Bank, Blue Island. Manufactures machine casting, candy, brooms. Residential town. Cook County Tuberculosis Infirmary; Cook Countv Infirm- ary for the Aged; County Poor Farm. Dairy, truck, poultrv farms. The Messenger is a weekly publication appearing each Fridav. It is Independent Republican in political affiliation. Advertising rate: local, 3 5c per inch; foreign, 3 5c per inch. Subscription rate: local, S1.00 per year; foreign, same. 593 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History HIGHLAND NEWS LEADER: Established 1900 by C. T. Kurz. A. P. Spencer, editor and business manager. Owned by A. P. Spencer and E. A. Hoffman. Highland, population, 3,319. Located in Madison County, 31 miles northeast of St. Louis, Missouri. P. A. R.R. Flour and planing mills; truck, pipe organ, condensed milk factories; creamery; embroidery works. Agriculture. Dairy products. The News Leader is the English successor ^^^^^^^^^^^ to the Highland Union, a German language paper which was founded at Highland in 1863 and was published there continuously for over a period of forty years. The News Leader is a weekly paper, issued every Tuesday. It is Republican in political affiliation. The present editor has been associated with this paper since July 1, 1913. Circulation, 2,400. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. E. A. Hoffman HERSCHER PILOT: Established 1896 by George Cannon. Mrs. Chas. F. Norgaard, editor and publisher. Herscher, population, 449. Located in Kankakee County, 16 miles southwest of Kankakee. I. C. R.R. Trading center. Agricul- ture. The Herscher Pilot is a weekly publication, appearing every Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Former owners of this paper have included A. L. Funk, Charles Parker, Lucile Norgaard, and Jack Gutstadt. Circulation, 400. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 20c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. Mrs. C. F. Norgaard KANSAS JOURNAL: Established 1868 by O. H. Auk. Owned by H. E., I. S., and H. A. Covey. H. E. Covey, editor and business manager. Kansas, population, 944. Located in Edgar County, 30 miles west of Terre Haute, Ind. C. C. C. & St. L.; K. & S.; W. R. C. R.R.'s. Elevators. Diversified farming. Cattle feeding. More feeder cattle are distributed from Kansas than any point in the mid-west, outside of the central markets. The Kansas Journal is published weekly, appearing every Thurs- day. It is Independent in political affiliation. Ora Ault was a former owner of this paper. Circulation, 1,000. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. 594 li i inois Newspaper Directory and History ■ALBANY REVIEW: Established 1899 by George S. McCartney. Foster L. Stagg, owner since 1925. Mrs. Alice Hanna Langford, editor since 1926. Albany, population, > 5 0. Located in Whiteside County on the Mississippi River, 3 1 miles northeast of Rock Island. C. M. St. P. &: I'.ic. R. R. Steamboat connections. Grain elevator. Agriculture. The first newspaper to be established at Albany was the Jour- nal, which had its beginning in 1880 under the editorship of \\ ". G. Blocker. F. E. Redline, Frank Pooler, and E. E. Potter were also editors of the Journal at various times. The direct predecessor of the Review, was the Herald, which was owned by Edward A. Bishop for a number of years. The Review was owned and edited by G. S. McCartney from 1899 until his death in 1920, at which ,,..,, • , Alice H. La ncfokd time it was taken over by his wire, who continued as manager until 1925. Harvey L. Shawver was in control of the paper for a brief period, until it was purchased by Foster L. Stagg. Circulation, 5 00. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. AMBOY NEWS: Established 18 54 by H. G. Pratt and W. S. Cornell. John J. Wagner, owner; Gene Strouss, editor. Amboy, population, 1,972. Located in Lee County, 9 5 miles west of Chicago. C. B. & Q.; I. C. R.R.'s. Machine shop; gasoline filter manufacturing company; railroad repair shops; condensed milk plant. The News is published every Thursday and is Independent in political affairs. G. L. Carpenter and th; Home News Publishing Company are former owners of the paper. Circulation, 1,010. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. ANNA DEMOCRAT: Established 1890 by H. M. Detrich. J. L. Hammond, editor and manager. Owned by The Democrat of Anna, Inc. Anna, population, 3,436. Located in Union County, 38 miles north of Cairo. I. C. R.R. Fruit package and shoe factories; Anna State Hospital; quarry; silica, limestone, and clay deposits. Agri- culture, especially fruits and vegetables. The Democrat is a weekly publication, appearing every Friday, and is Independent Democratic. J. E. Detrich and A. Ney Sessions are among the former owners of the Democrat. Circulation, 1,746. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. J. L. Hammond •Sec also Chjdwick Review: Thomson Review. 595 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History McLEANSBORO TIMES-LEADER: Times established in 1868 by R. L. Brown; Leader established in 1882 by C. M. Lyon and J. E. Erwin. Consolidated July 1, 1933. W. C. Fairweather, editor and publisher. McLeansboro, population, 2,162. Situated in Hamilton County, 45 miles south- east of Centralia. L. & N. R.R. Flour, woolen and saw mills. Timber. Agriculture. The immediate forerunner of the Times was the Hamilton Democrat, published by T. B. Stelle. R. L. Brown, at the time he purchased the paper changed the name to the McLeansboro Times. In 1872 George K. and John C. Edwards bought the paper, running it in the interest of Horace Greeley for the presidency. M. B. Friend bought the Times in 1873 and continued publication until the spring of 1874 when the entire building was destroyed by fire. During the following summer, Mr. Friend, aided by donations, purchased the material of the Mount Vernon Statesman, and in July, 1874, again bought out the Times which has been published under its present name since that date. James R. and Charles Camp- bell secured the paper in 1878 and in 1883 Charles Campbell sold his W C Fairwf.ather interest to James Campbell, who published it for the next twenty- two years. M. E. Daniel bought the Times in 1898 continuing as publisher until 1923 when he sold out to W. C. Fairweather. The Leader was owned by Lyon & Erwin, Dr. C. M. Lyon later having the sole control until it was purchased by Dr. C. H. Anderson in 1910. The Times-Leader is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 2,100. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $1.5 0. LOVINGTON REPORTER: Established 1 89 1 by Int Stanley. Thomas L. Conn, present owner and editor. Lovington, population, 1,121. Located in Moultrie County, 2 miles southeast of Decatur. Wabash; P. R.R.'s. Ships live stock, grain, and produce. Agriculture. The Reporter is a weekly publication, appearing every Friday. It is Independent in politics. Circulation, 950. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.5 0; foreign, $1.50. Thomas L. Conn Harry B. Potter MARSHALL HERALD: Established 1868 by Marcus O. Frost. Harry B. Potter, present owner and editor. Marshall, population, 2,3 5 8. Clark County, 17 miles southwest of Terre Haute, Ind. C. C. C. & St. L. ; P. R.R.'s. Flour, saw, and planing mills. Cheese factory. Dairy and poultry farming. The Herald is a weekly Republican paper. Its former owners include, M. O. Frost, Harry Frost, L. S. Kilborn & Sons, George O. Baird, and Charles Scott. Circulation, 75 5. Advertising rate: local, 3 5c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. 596 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History *Tk r ♦ EDWARDSVILLE INTELLIGENCER: Established 1862 by James R. Brown and I [enry C. Barnsback. Owned by Intelligencer Publishing Company. Gilbert S. Giese, president and publisher. Edwardsville, population, 6,211. Located in Madison County, IS miles northeast of St. Louis, Mo. N. Y. C. & St. L.; L. &M.; Wabash R.R.'s. Brass works; wood-working plant; creamery; brick, steam, and hot water radiators, plumbers' supplies; and shirt factories. Coal mines. Agriculture. The Intelligencer is published every afternoon, with the ex- ception of Sunday, and is Republican in political affiliation. Circulation, 4,889. Advertising rate: local, 4c per line; foreign, 4c per line. Subscription rate: local, $6.50; foreign, $5.00. Gilbert S. Gil EAST ST. LOUIS JOURNAL: Established 1 8 89 by James W. Kirk. Present owners, East Shore Newspapers, Inc. F. M. Lindsay, president; Edward LinJs.iy, editorial director; I . \\ . Schaub, business manager; P. H. Wire, general manager. East St. Louis, population, 74,024. Situated in St. Clair County on the Mississippi River, opposite St. Louis, Mo., by which it is connected with two steel bridges. Twenty-seven railway trunk lines enter East St. Louis and all are connected by four terminal belt lines. Railroad terminal. Two airports, one of which is also the largest college in the world teaching aeronautics. Manufactures meat pro- ducts, aluminum, iron and steel, chemicals, paint, flour, building materials, railway equipment and supplies, lead and zinc, secondary metals, fertilizers, stoves, baking powder, cans, serums, fireworks. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ motor trucks, bags, shoes, barrels, and twine, lportant horse and mule market. Coal mines; clay and limestone deposits. Agriculture. St. Louis National Stock Yards. • o% ikd Lindsay The Journal is published every evening except Sunday, and issues a Sunday morning edition. The paper is Independent politically. It k, _ was founded by James W. Kirk, who was the sole owner of the paper Mf I from 18 89 until February. 1918, when the late A. T. Spivey purchased I the Journal, continuing as editor and publisher until his death March jfL I 11, 1931. \JHk rhe [ournal has been published continuously and without in- terruption ever since its beginning. The paper has continued through ' "' political vicissitudes, economic depressions, and elementary catastro- phes. The cyclone of K.96 almost completely demolished the building in which the paper was housed at the time. Twenty different publications enjoyed a mushroom existence And were shelved as quickly as they began, giving East St. Louis a reputation for being a cemetery for newspapers. James W. Kirk declared that it was his own private graveyard for burying the publication interests of others. On September 1, 1932, the paper passed into the hands of East Shore Newspapers, Inc., a newly formed corporation composed of newspaper executives from the Decatur papers and J. A. Keefe, former manager. Circulation, 12,500. Advertising rate: local, transient rate 8c per line; foreign, 6c per line. Subscription rate: local, $7.5 0; foreign, $9.00. i 597 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History 'RIVERSIDE NEWS: Established 1907 by the Citizen Publishing Company of LaGrange. Herbert J. Bassman, editor and general manager. Riverside, population, 6,660. Located in Cook County, 10 miles southwest of Chicago. C. B. & Q. R.R. More area in public parks than any other city of similar size in the United States. Residential town. The Riverside News is the only local paper, having taken over the old Riverside Herald in 1909, and the Riverside Times in 1927. The News is published weekly, appearing every Thursday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 1,45 0. Advertising rate: foreign, 65c per column inch. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. BRADFORD REPUBLICAN: Established 1889 by J. C. Blaisdell. R. L. Breen, editor and manager. Owned by the Bradford Publishing Company. Bradford, population, 95 0. Located in Stark County, 3 8 miles north of Peoria. C. B. & Q. R.R. Horse collar and steel tank factories. Agriculture. The Republican is a weekly publication, appearing every Wednesday, and as the name implies, is Republican in politics. J. C. Blaisdell was a former owner of this paper. Circulation, 960. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00. ERIE INDEPENDENT: Established 1877 by George Guernsey. C D. Hannon, editor and publisher since 1890. ^^^_ Erie, population, 1,000. Located in Whiteside County, 29 miles northeast of Rock Island. C. B. & Q. R.R. Sorghum barrel, ditch- ing machine, wagon, cultivator shovel, tractor and auto accessories ^_ factories. Roller mill; creamery; cheese factory; sawmill. Agri- | culture. The Independent is published every week, and is issued on Thursday. It is Independent in its political affiliation. W. M. Patrick was a former owner of this paper. Circulation, 1,100. Advertising rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $2.00. ; Brookficld Suburban-Magnet; Western Springs Times. C. D. Hannon *See LaGrange Cil 598 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History MORRIS DAILY HERALD: Established 18 54 by Charles E. Southard. L. B. Sack- ett, present editor and publisher. Morris, population, 5,5 63. Situated in Grundy County on the Illinois River and Illinois and Michigan Canal, 2 miles southwest of Joliet. C. R. I. & P. R.R. Paper and tlour mills; hardware; egg carton factories; novelties; tannery. Coal mines. Sand, gravel, and clay pits. Agriculture. The earliest paper to make its appearance in Morris, was the Yeoman, which was published by a Mr. Watter. When he sold the paper to Henry C. Buffington and Charles E. Southard the name was changed to the Herald. In 1874 Mr. Southard turned the paper over to the Hon. P. C. Hayes, who continued as its publisher until 1891 when it was purchased by the late Hon. W. L. Sackett. Under Mr. Sackett's leadership the Herald grew until it absorbed all other papers in the Morris held. The Daily Post was absorbed in 1905 and the Gazette was taken over in 1915. Since the death of Mr. Sackett in 1924, the paper has been under the management and con- trol of his son, L. B. Sackett. The Daily Herald is the oldest and only daily newspaper in Grundy County and is Republican in politics. Circulation, 3,175. Advertising rate: local, 3 5c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $6.00; foreign, $5.50. £*^ \Iks. Gra< i Adv sion of 1 Subs ertising 5 ' , and cription MOUNDS INDEPENDENT: Established 1924 by Mr. and Mrs. W. L. Toler. Editor, Mrs. Grace Cabot Toler. Mrs. Grace Cabot Toler and W. L. Toler, owners. Mounds, population, 2,129. Located in Pu- laski County, 9 miles northwest of Cairo. 1. C. R.R. Railroad car shops; terminal. Planing mills. General farming, fruit, and truck crops. The Independent is a weekly publication, appearing every Friday. It is Independent Re- publican in political affiliation. Circulation, 1,000. rate: local, 2 5c; foreign, 3 5c, less agency commis- j ^ 2\ cash. * rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. w . I . \\ — J r A. R. Johnson MORTON NEWS: Established 1887 by Kinzey & Clark. A. R. Johnson, editor and business manager since 1917. Morton Publishing Company, owner. Morton, population, 1,980. Located in Tazewell County, 10 miles southeast of Peoria. A. T. & S. F.; I. T.; P. R.R.'s. Potteries and tile works; fence, washing machine, canning, and farm im- plement factories. Hatcheries. Agriculture. The News has been owned at various times by F. B. Mills. Edward J. Jacob, A. Wiltz, and Charles May. It is a weekly pub- lication, issued on Thursday, and is Republican in politics. Circulation, 1,460. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.50. 599 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History CARROLLTON PATRIOT: Established 1864 by David Pierson. Charles Bradshaw, editor and owner. Carrollton, population, 2,071. County seat of Greene County, located 3 3 miles northwest of Alton. Alton R.R. Creamery; hatch- ery; clay and bottling works. Agriculture. The Patriot is published every Thursday and is Independent Republican in politics. Early editors of this paper included E. L. Craig, Mr. Fairchild, Edward Miner, and Clement L. Clapp. Mr. Bradshaw has been in sole charge of the Patriot since he purchased it in 1888. Circulation, 1,750. Advertising rate: local, 25c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. Charli s Bradsh.i •CHADWICK REVIEW: Established 1898 by A. A. Strauch. E. A. Mclntyre, editor and manager. F. L. Stagg and H. G. Stagg, owners. H. G. Stagg, business manager. Chadwick, population, 5 5 8. Located in Carroll County, 45 miles southwest of Rockford. C. B. & Q. R.R. Butter and cheese factory. Agriculture. The Review is published every Thursday at the Thomson, Illi- nois, plant of the owners, F. L. and H. G. Stagg. Previous to the time this paper was purchased by them it was owned by the Mirror- Democrat Company. The Review is Progressive Republican in its political affiliation. Circulation, 52 5. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 25c. E. A. McIntyri Subscription rate: local, $1.50; foreign, $1.50. CHRISMAN WEEKLY COURIER: Established 1878 by W. J. Blackstock. Charles R. Livingston, owner, and publisher until his death, November 25, 1933. The paper is now edited and published by his daughter Mrs. Fayette L. Radabaugh. Chrisman, population, 1,089. Located in Edgar County, 23 miles south of Danville. B. & O.; C. C. C. & St. L. R.R.'s. Canning factory. Diversified farming. The Weekly Courier appears every Thursday and is strictly Independent politically. Since January 1, 1895 the Courier has been under the sole management of Mr. Livingston, who bears the distinction of being the oldest continuous newspaper publisher in Edgar County. Other owners of the Courier have included Ben Biddlecome, A. S. Harmony, and A. L. Hemphill. Circulation, 837. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. C. R. Livincston (Deceased) 600 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History MORRISON. WHITESIDE COUNTY NEWS: Established 1921 by Harvey L. Shawver, who has been editor and owner since that date. Morrison, population, 3,063. County seat of Whiteside County, located 124 miles west of Chicago. C. & N.W. R.R. Toy, canning, refrigerator, school desk and seat, and condensed milk factories. Large produce green houses. Diversified farming. The Whiteside County News is published weekly, appearing every Thursday. It is Independent in politics. This paper was originally started as an agricultural paper, working in conjunction with farm organizations, but later changed to the general news field, still maintaining its agricultural associations. Circulation, 2,800. Advertising rate: local, 40c; foreign, 40c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.50. Hakvli L. Si MORRISON VILLE TIMES: Established 1875 by Thomas E. Cox. K. B. Lindsey, proprietor and editor from 1917 until his death May 29, 1934. Thomas B. Lindsey, editor and publisher. Morrisonville, population, 964. Christian County, 40 miles southwest of Decatur. Wabash R.R. Tile, brick, and culvert fac- tories. Feed mill; creameries; poultry packing plant; elevator. Ships livestock, grain, and poultry. The Times is a weekly publication, Independent in politics. It has been owned at various times by the following: 1876, M. J. Abbott; 1877, George H. Palmer & Son; 1880, Steen Brothers; 1882, Coflin & Campbell; 1883, Frank T. Coflin; 1885, G. H. Sallee; 1887, S. W. Culp; 1907, Lindsey & Miller; and 1908, Lind- sey & Brookman. Since 1917 the paper was under the sole owner- ship of K. B. Lindsey until his death, when his son took charge. Circulation, 1,0 5 0. Advertising rate: local, 16c and 20c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, S2.00; foreign, $2.00. K. B. LlND.LI MOUNT CARMEL REPUBLICAN-REGISTER: Established 1839 by J. S. ^^^^^^^^^^^ Powers. A. L. Richmond, editor and publisher since 1923 ^^^ ^^H Mount Carmel, population, 7,120. Count) seat ot Wabash ^K| ( ounty, located 24 miles southwest of Vincennes, Indiana. C. C. C. ^^^_ *~ II & St. L.; Soo R.R.'s. Water-power. Manufactures strawboard, elec- I trical goods, tomato catsup, canned goods, garments, and pens. Fresh ^^p water mussel industries. Railroad shops and railroad division center. JC ^H Oil wells, coal mines. Agriculture. H^^B^jH The Republican-Register is a consolidation of the Republican. h I owned by D. E. Keen, and the Register, of which A. L. Richmond I <• fy was the owner. These two papers were merged in 1918, both pub- lishers continuing as partners. The Republican-Register is a daily A. L. Rk hmond paper and is Independent in politics. Circulation, 3,491. Advertising rate: local, 30c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, $7.50; foreign, S5.00. 601 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History LAWRENCEVILLE, LAWRENCE COUNTY NEWS: Established 18 94 by George Huffman. C. F. Stoll, editor since 1908. Mrs. Hannah Hardacre, owner; C. F. Stoll and H. P. Baker, lessees. Lawrenceville, population, 6,293. County seat of Lawrence County, located nine miles west of Vincennes, Indiana. B. & O.; C. C. C. & St. L. R.R.'s. Elevators; oil refineries; concrete block work; telephone, and tank equipment factories. Asphalt, cold storage, and cooperage plants. Foundry; machine shops. Oil and gas wells. Agriculture. The Lawrence County News is a weekly publication, appear- ing every Thursday, and is Democratic in political affiliation. Frank W. Havill, A. L. Maxwell, Maxwell & Hardacre, and O. V. Hard- acre are listed among the former owners of the News. Circulation, 1,300. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, SI. 00; foreign, $2.00. C. F. Stoll H. W.McBride WILLIAMSVILLE SUN: H. W. McBride, editor and pub- lisher. Mrs. Lida Snyder, advertising solicitor. Williamsville, population, 684. Located in Sangamon County 1 1 miles northeast of Springfield. Alton R.R.; 111. Ter. R.R. System. Coal mines. Agriculture, corn, wheat, oats. The Williamsville Sun is published every Friday. It is inde- pendent in political affiliation. Circulation, 400. Advertising rate: local, 12c; foreign, 20c; local classified, 5c per line; foreign classified, 7c per line. LINCOLN EVENING COURIER: Established 18 56 by James D. Moudy and George W. Fuller. Mrs. Allyne Carpenter Nugent, president and treasurer. J. Lithgow Nugent, secretary. H. Edmund Scheerer, vice president. Scheerer, Inc., 3 5 East Wacker Drive, Chicago, Nat'l. Rep. Lincoln, population, 12,843. Located in Logan County, 28 miles northeast of Springfield. C. & A.; I. C. R.R.'s. Machine shops; poultry packing plants; crockery, corn cutter, casket, awning, and medicine factories. Coal mines; sand and gravel pits. Lincoln College; State Institution for Imbecile Children. Illinois Odd Fel- lows' Orphans' Home. Agriculture. The Evening Courier is published every afternoon, with the exception of Sunday. It is Independent in political affiliation. Circulation, 4,117 (A.B.C.) Advertising rate: local, 45c; foreign, 49c. Subscription rate: local, S3. 00; foreign, $5.00. 602 llllNOIS NlWSI'U'lU DlKIt IOUY AND HlSTOKY WOOD RIVER DAILY PRESS: Established 1 91 S by C. V. Stahl, who has been owner and editor since that date. Wood River, population, 8,136. Located in Madison County on the Mississippi River. C. & A.; C. B. & Q.; C. C. C. & St. L. R.R.'s. Oil refineries; tannery; cartridge and powder factory. Coal mines, limestone quarries. Agriculture. The Daily Press is published every afternoon, with the excep- tion of Sunday. It is Independent in political affiliation. This paper serves the entire "Greater Wood River" industrial community, in- cluding East Alton, Shell City, Hartford, Roxana, and Wood River. Circulation, 1,145. Advertising rate: local, 3 5c; foreign, 3 5c. Subscription rate: local, 10c per week; foreign, 10c per week. M. A. Glki i ^ ZEIGLER NEWS: Established 1919 by Hal W. Trovillion and M. A. Gurley. M. A. Gurley, editor and publisher. Zeigler, population, 3,790. Located in Franklin County, JO miles northeast of Murphysboro. I. C; M. P.; C. B. & Q. R.R 's. Fruit, stock, dairying, farming. Bottling works. Coal mines. The News is a weekly publication, with Republican affilia- tions. Hal W. Trovillion is listed among the former owners of this paper. Circulation, 1,500. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 30c. Subscription rate: local, SI. 50; foreign, SI. 50. ALEXIS ARGUS: Established 188 5 by D. M. Harkrader & Sons. J. C. and H. A. Baker, editors. Alexis, population, 787. Located on the Mercer-Warren County line, 1 4 miles northeast of Monmouth and 18 miles northwest of Gales- burg, on State Route 8 5. C. B. & Q. R.R. Agriculture, principally corn. The Argus is published every Thursday, and is Independent in politics. Former owners of this paper included E. E. Beswick, Frazier Hunt, C. E. Robinson, F. L. McQuitty, C. E. Magnusen, and A. C. Olmstead. Since January, 192 9, it has been under the ownership and J. C. Baker management of J. C. Baker & Sons. Owned by J. C. Baker Circulation, 900. Advertising rate: Subscription rate: 20c; foreign, 2 5c. Si. 5 0; foreign, $1.5 0. 603 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History LANARK GAZETTE: Established 1863 by John R. Howlett. W. G. Wild, owner, editor, and publisher from 1893 to 1932. E. Y. Knapp is the present editor and publisher. Lanark, population, 1,208. Situated in Carroll County, 21 miles southwest of Freeport. C. M. St. P. & Pac. R.R. Canning factory. Ships grain and live stock. The Gazette is a weekly publication, issued every Wednesday. It is Republican in political affiliation. This paper was owned by L. G. Burrows from 1882 to 1890; by John E. Laird from 1890 to 1892; and by Wild & Barklow from 1892 to 1893. Mr. Wild was associated with the Lanark Gazette for a period of fifty years — forty of which he has been the publisher. Circulation, 1,200. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, $2.00. FOWLER RECORD: Established 1926 by W. A. Shanholtzer. L. E. Gray, owner, editor, and publisher since 192 8. Fowler, population, 175. Located in Adams County, 78 miles south of Galesburg. C. B. & Q.; Wabash R.R.'s. Residential town. Agriculture. This paper, formerly known as the Quincy Suburban, is a weekly publication, issued every Thursday. It is independent in political affiliation. Previous to the time this paper was purchased by the present owner, it was published by G. W. Erwin. Circulation, 5 00. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 2 5c. Subscription rate: local, $1.00; foreign, $1.00. EVERGREEN COURIER: Established 1930. Present owner, Roy G. Andrews. Editor, Mrs. W. Moore. Printed by the Midlothian Messenger, Midlothian, Illinois. The Evergreen Courier is a weekly publication issued on Friday. It has no political affiliation. Advertising rate: local, 3 5c per inch; foreign, same. Subscription rate local, $1.00 per year; foreign, same. BLUE ISLAND BULLETIN: Established 1933 by the present owner, Roy Andrews. Editor, Emil F. Kurschner. Business manager, Clarence Den Herder. Blue Island, population, 16,5 34. Located in Cook County on the Calumet River, 16 miles south of Chicago. Served by eight railroads. Railroad terminals. Brick, wire, steel car and steel specialty products factories. Residential suburb of Chicago. Stock, poultry, truck and grain farms. The Bulletin is a weekly paper appearing every Thursday and is Independent in political affiliation. It is affiliated with Oak Lawn Independent, Midlothian Messenger, Worth Citizen, Evergreen Park Courier, and Posen Messenger. Circulation, 4,500. Advertising rate: local, 45c per inch; foreign, 60c per inch. 604 Illinois Newspaper Directory and Union DANVILLE COMMERCIAL-NEWS: Established 1866 by Short & Wright. E. C. Hewes, business manager. Northwestern 1 Publishing Co., owners. Danville, population, 36,646. Situated in Vermilion County, 124 miles south of Chicago. C. & E. I.; C. C. C. & St. L.; N. Y. C; Wabash R.R.'s. Railroad shops; lumber ^^^^^^^^^^^ mills; smelters; brick yards; hardware factories; ^^^^^H boiler and iron works. Coal mines. Agriculture. ^^B The Commercial-News of today represents the best in Danville's newspapers, consolidation < **% *»» 3| -._■ left this paper the sole survivor in the field. The «••_ jSNt first editor of the old Danville Commercial was ^A P. D. Hammond, under the ownership of Short JUk *" .^H & Wright. In 1S6? they bought the Danville \ *\ ^^ I'l nndealer, merging the two papers under the V i] ' name of Commercial and Plaindealer, but drop- ping the latter name in 1868, when the paper E. C Htms became the Danville Daily Commercial. In Oc- tober, 1867, Mr. J. G. Kingsbury became the editorial associate of Mr. Hammond on the Commercial, and in the same year. John C. Short retired from the firm, being succeeded by Abraham Sandusky and Andrew Gundy, the firm then being known as John C. Short & Co. On July 14, 1873, A. Harper and O. E. Harper became the publishers under the firm name of Harper Brothers. After sev- eral minor changes the paper was finallv sold to John H. Harrison and W. J. Parrett in 1898. The late Mr. Harrison was editor for 30 years, and the late Mr. Parrett was general manager until his death in 1933. The Commercial-News is published every evening with the exception of Sunday, and on that day, publishes a morning edition. Circulation, 29,000. Advertising rate: local, sliding scale; foreign, 8 ' jc per line. Subscription rate: local, S4.00; foreign, $7.50. : DEER CREEK PROGRESS: Established 1892 by J. P. Slvter, the present editor. Published by Washington Printing Company. Deer Creek, population, 344. Located in Tazewell County, 14 miles east southeast of Peoria. N. Y. C. & St. L. R.R.'s. Agriculture. The Progress is a weekly paper, issued every Thursday, and is Independent in political affiliation. It was founded by J. P. Slvter who controlled it until it was pur- chased by the Washington Printing Company in 1928. Mr. Slyter has continued with the Progress as editor and business manager. Circulation, 5 2 8. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, SI. 50; foreign, Si. 50. I. S. DI VERNON NEWS: Established 1889 by I. T. Maupin. Dunn, publisher. T, P. Dunn, editor and business manager. Divernon, population, 1SS0. Located in Sangamon County. 16 miles south of Springfield. I. C. R.R. Coal mines. Agriculture. The News is a weekly paper, with publication every Thursday. It is Republican in politics. I. T. Maupin was a former owner of the News. Circulation, 6 5 0. Advertising rate: local, 20c; foreign, 25c. Subscription rate: local, $2.00; foreign, S2.00. also Ladd Journal; Spring Valley Ga 605 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History HERRIN DAILY JOURNAL: Established 1913 by D. C. Grear. Herrin News, established 1900 by C. E. Ingraham. Hal W. Trovillion and D. C. Grear, editors. Owned by the Egyptian Publications, Inc. Herrin, population, 9,708. Located in Williamson County, 45 miles south of Centralia. I. C; C. B. &Q.; M. P. R.R.'s. Powder plant; machine shops. Extensive coal mines in vicinity. Agricul- ture, horticulture, and dairying. The Herrin Daily Journal, the Herrin News, a weekly publication, and the Egyptian Republican, published monthly, were consoli- dated May, 1931 by Hal W. Trovillion, former owner of the News and Republican, and David C. Grear, owner of the Journal. These periodi- cals continue publication as before; the Journal H \\" Trovii i appearing daily with the exception of Sunday, and the News appearing every Thursday. Both papers are Independent in political affiliation. The Egyptian Repub- lican is Republican in politics. Circulation: Daily Journal, 4,1(3 8,571. Advertising rate: Daily Journal, foreign, 4c per agate line. News, loc News, 4,72 5; Republican, ocal, 4c per agate line; 4c per agate line; foreign, 4c per agate line. Subscription rate: Daily Journal, local, by mail, $5.00 in county; foreign, by mail and carrier, $6.00. News, local, $1.00 in county; foreign, $2.00. Illinois Newspaper I)iki< iory and History GAVELS PRESENTED TO HISTORICAL SOCIETY On April 26, 1932, three gavels were presented to the Illinois State Historical Society's collection of Lincolniana and Illinois relics by the members of the Illinois Press Association. The first presentation was made by Sheldon W. Snively of Terre Haute, Indiana, son of Ethan Allan Snively, former Illinois journalist and president of the Illinois Press Association for the years of 1879 and 1880. This gavel was made from wood taken from the Lincoln Homestead in Springfield which was at that time being repaired. Mr. E. A. Snively received the gavel from George H. Harlow in 1877 who was at that time Secretary of State. The late Fred E. Sterling, then of the Rockford Newspapers Incorporated and Lieutenant Governor of the State of Illinois, presented the first gavel to be given to the Historical Socictv bv the Illinois Press Association. It bears the names of the Presidents from the time the Association was organized in 1866 to 1898. In referring to the names of the Presidents on the gavel Governor Sterling said: "These were men who made their mark in the early days of newspaper work. This gavel was used by these men in their deliberations in presiding over the meetings of the Association. It is ot much historical value and as the years go on it will be more valuable." S. P. Preston of the Gillespie News presented the next gavel of the Illinois Press Association to the Historical Society. This gavel bears the names of the Presidents of the organization from 1899 through 1922. Mr. Paul Angle, Secretary of the Illinois State Historical Society, accepted the gavels for the Illinois Historical Library and made the following remark: "I assure you on behalf of the Illinois State Historical Society these gavels are gladly accepted and will be highly prized in years to come." The following were present at the presentation: H. L. Williamson, Secretary of the Illinois Press Association; Paul Angle, State Librarian; M. F. Walsh. Harvard Herald; Fred E. Sterling, Lieutenant Governor; S. W. Snively, Terre Haute (Ind.) Tribune and Star, son of E. A. Snively, former President of the Illinois Press Association; J. E. McClure, Carlinville Democrat; S. P. Preston, editor of the Gillespie News; Elmer Goff, of the Bunker Hill Gazette-News; Virginia Dare and Lorna Doone Williamson, twin daughters of H. L. Williamson. (Past ^Presidents Illinois Newspaper Directory and Histoio Past (Presidents' 'poster 1866 to 1933 John \V. Merritt 1866-1867 E. H. Griggs 1868-69-70 J. R. Mosser.. .1871 Rodney Welch 1872 E. B. Buck 1873 Geo. Scroggs 1874 S. P. Rounds 1875 J. \V. Bailey .1876 Cadet Taylor 1877-78 E. A. Snively 1879-80 Chas. Holt .1881 C. B. Bostwick .1882 J. W. Clinton 188? M.W.Mathews 18 84-8 5 \V. M. Kennedy .1886 John K. LeBaron ....1887 L. A. McLean . 1888 Owen Scott ..... 1889 E.B.Fletcher . .1890 Thomas Rees ...1891 \V. \V. Lowis .1892 Clinton Rosette -.1893 Geo. W.Cyrus 1894 C. D. Tufts 1895 C. M. Tinner ...1896-97 Chas. Boeschenstein 189S M. F. Walsh .1899 A. C. Bentley 1900 Smith D. Atkins 1901 C. W. Bliss 1902 C. R. Denson_.-. Chas. Bradshaw 1903 John M. Rapp .... 1904 J. B. Castle . 1905 11. \. Wheeler 1906 J. C. Adams 1907 S. K. Strother 1908 W. T. Bedford 1909 J. M. Sheets 1910 E. I.'Hote 1911 (,. V. Hughes.. 1912 Chas. W. Warner 1913 J. M. Page 1914 Wm. G. Dustin 1915 W. B. Davis 1916 H.U.Bailey 1917 S. P. Preston 1918 J.E.McClure 1919 Paul R. Goddard 19 20 Benjamin S. Herbert 1921 Fred M. Rolens— 1922 John H. Harrison \ L >2} Albert H. Gravenhorst 1924 \\". J. Smith 1925 H.E.Bell 1926 W. W. Loomis ..- 1927 C. S. Conger- 1928 J. E. Derringer.— 1929 Howe V. Morgan _.. 193 Gerry D. Scott 1931 S. P. Preston 1932 1933 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History 1^ John W. Merritt 1866-67 E. H. Grig& 5 1868-69-70 I Sd|59 r Xtl J. R. Mosser 1871 Rodney Welch 1872 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History John W. Mi rritt — born in New York City, 1806. Died at Salem, Illinois, Nov. 16, 1878. Entered newspaper business as a young man on the New York Mirror. Studied law and practiced, for some time, with the celebrated James T. Brady as a partner. Began publication of the Belleville (111.) Advocate in 1848, which he continued until 1 S S 1, at which time he moved to Salem, and founded the Salem Advocate. In 1865 he took charge of the Daily State Register at Springfield, which he continued to edit and publish with his two sons until 1875, after which time he ceased practically all of his newspaper work. One of the most active members in the Illinois Press Association during its first five years of existence, and serving as its first and second president. Was a member of the Illinois General Assembly from 1863-64, representing the people of Marion County. Married. Edward H. Griggs — Born March 19, 1835, in Dedham, Massachusetts. Died October 2 5, 1909, at Chicago. Came to Rockford in 1863 and was associated with the First National Bank of Rockford. Became associate editor of the Rockford Register with E. C. Daughertv as editor in 1865. Purchased the Register in 1S66 in company with Albert Fowler, war-time- Mayor of Rockford, and Daniel W. Fowler. Mr. Griggs left the Register in 1871 and moved to Chicago. Became active in Republican politics and was made Clerk of the State Senate. Also served in the General Assembly during the first Chicago's World Fair. Was connected with the Niagara lire Insurance Company. Married Hannah M. Fowler in 1S63 while living in Rockford. Two daughters. J. R. Mosser — Born February 24, 1837, at New Cumberland, Penna. Died Febru- ary 1, 1891. Began teaching school at the age of fifteen years in Pennsylvania. Came to Decatur in 1856. During the next few years he taught school in and about Decatur. In 1861 he became connected with the Illinois State Chronicle, became co-publisher in 1862. In 1863 he became editor of the Decatur Gazette. August 1, 1867, he and Mr. W. M. Stanley founded the Decatur Weekly Republican. Mr. Stanley sold his interest to Mr. B. K. Hamsher in October, 1867, when the firm Hamsher and Mosser was formed. Mr. Mosser sold his interest in 1890 because of failing health. He was very active in political and civic affairs during his life. He was Pardon Clerk in Governor Gen. John M. Palmer's office from 1868-1872. Married Sarah Jane B.'istline (deceased). One daughter. Rodney Welch — Born 1829 at Penobscot, Maine. Died May 29.1896, in Chicago. Educated in the east and attended Bowdoin College, Bangor, Maine. C ame to Kentucky as dean of a young ladies seminar) at Lexington. Left Kentucky and taught school at Blue Island, 111., in 18 59. Was principal of Geneva High School from 1S62 to 1864 when he became a professor of Chemistry and Latin at the Hahnemann Medical College of Chicago. Became editor of the Prairie Farmer at Chicago in 1869. In 1875 was an associate editor of the weekly Times. Was an editorial writer for the Herald from 1890 to 1891. Last five years of his life were spent as a special writer for the Chicago Journal. Was a charter member of the Chicago Press Club. Clubs: Saracen, Theosophical society, Philosophical society, and Western Society of Physical Research. Married Abigail Frances Stevens in Lexington, Kentucky. Five children. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History £ EP 5 E. B. Buck 1873 Geo. Scroggs 1S74 t / S. P. Rounds 187S Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Eugene B. Buck — Born in Fayette County. Indiana, October 12, 1834. Removed with his parents to McLean County, Illinois, when he was five years old. Served an apprenticeship to the printer's trade in Bloomington. He was connected with the publication of the Pekin Plaindealer in 185 5. In 18 56 he was associated with four other journeymen printers in running a co-operative daily paper in Peoria. Edited the Daily Enterprise in Decatur in 1861-62. Established the Bloomington Journal in 1865. Became connected with the Charleston Courier in 1868 and in 1874 became sole proprietor. He was active in community and political affairs. Member of th • Board of Education, and director of the Second National Bank of Charleston. Married Miss Mary C. Jones of Decatur on February 11, 1860. Four children. George Scroggs — Born in Wilmington, Ohio, October 7, 1842. Died October 15, 18 80, in Colorado. Entered newspaper business in the office of the Central Illinois Gazette, at Champaign, under his father. Served with honors in the Civil War. Studied law, was admitted to the bar. In 1868 purchased a half interest in the Gazette and Union, the outgrowth of the old Central Illinois Gazette. Became sole owner in 1872. Ran for Secretary of State- but was defeated. Appointed by President Hayes as Consul to Hamburg. Forced to return because of ill health. Married twice. Sterling Parker Rounds — Born June 27, 1828, at Berkshire, Vermont. Died in 1887 at Omaha, Nebraska. Private school education in the academy of Governor L. P. Harvey, of Southport, Wisconsin. Served a five year apprenticeship in a Kenosha printing office and finished his trade in the Commercial office, of Buffalo, New York. Soon after, with Right Rev. Bishop A. C. Barry, he established "The Old Oaken Bucket," at Racine, Wisconsin. Bought the Commercial Advertiser of Milwaukee in 1849. In 18 50 he formed a partner- ship in Chicago with James J. Langdon, under the firm name of Rounds and Langdon, and soon built up the most extensive printing business in the West. In 1871 Mr. Rounds became sole proprietor of the business. In 1853 he established the Printer's Cabinet, a very successful trade publication. He served as public printer in Washington for four years. He bought the Omaha (Neb.) Republican in 18 83 and remained pub- lisher until his death. Married Miss Martha Dustin at Racine in December, 18 50. Six children. John W. Bailey — Born at Cincinnati, Ohio, October 15, 1830. Died at Princeton, Illinois, May 22, 1903. One of the organizers of the Illinois Press Association. Entered the newspaper busi- ness at the age of 13 as an apprentice. Before coming to Princeton, Mr. Bailey had been Washington correspondent for the Cincinnati Enquirer for four years, after which time he published the Tribune at Tiffin, Ohio, for three years. For forty years acted in editorial capacity of the Princeton, Illinois, Bureau County Republican, which he pur- chased in 1863. Married. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Cadet Taylor 1877-78 E. A. Snively 1879-80 *r Chas. Holt 1881 C. B. Bostwick Illinois Xi wm'ait.k Dikecioky and Histoky Cadet Taylor — Born in Putnam County, Illinois, September 30, 1884. Died at Pomona, California, August 24, 1933. Attended public schools, Andover Academy, and Illinois State Normal University. Tried twice to enlist in Civil War, but in both instances was turned down because of youth. Began newspaper work on the Wenona Index which he later purchased and published for 13 years. Chief Clerk, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C, for four years. Served four years in the California State Senate from 1924 to 1928. filled the position of Collector of the Customs under Presidents McKinley, Roosevelt, Taf t. and Wilson. Was active in community affairs both in Illinois and California. Located in Pomona, Calif., as citrus grower in 1916. Married; wife deceased. Two sons. Mason. E. A. Snivlly — Born at Cuba, Illinois, February 17, 1845. Died in Springfield, Illinois, October 22, 1917. He attended the common schools at Cuba until the age of fifteen. Began his newspaper work as an apprentice to James M. Davidson, who published the "Squatter Sovereign" at Havana, Illinois. Worked for a time on the Canton Ledger and Fulton County Democrat at Lewiston. In January, 1866, he assumed charge of the Rushville Times and remained editor and publisher until July, 1868, when he sold his interest and established the Galesburg Times. Later he disposed of this paper and became editor of the Pekin Times and then he went to the Peoria Democrat. In 1871 he became editor and finally proprietor of the Carlinville Enquirer which he sold in 1877. He was elected clerk of the Supreme Court of Illinois in 1878 and was re-elected in 1884 and again in 1890. During part of this time that he held this office he acted as editor of the Macoupin Herald in Carlinville until it was consolidated with the Carlinville Enquirer. He disposed of his newspaper connections in 1883 and retired from the pro- fession. He devoted much of his time to political causes of the State. He served for sixteen years on the State Board of Pardons. Married Catherine McKim DuBois of Carlinville. One son. Charles Holt — Born March 5, 1817, at Herkimer, N. Y. Died July 21, 1908. At the age of 13 he entered the office of his father's newspaper at Herkimer. Be- tween 1836 and 1846 he worked as a journeyman printer on various New York news- papers, notably the Albany Journal under Thurlow Weed, and the New York Tribune under Horace Greeley. In 1846 he removed to Madison, Wis., and during the succeeding two years reported the proceedings of the first constitutional convention and the p ings of the first state legislature for the Milwaukee Sentinel. In 1S4S he purchased a half interest with Levi Alden in the Janesville Weekly Gazette; in 18 57 became pro- prietor of the Janesville Morning Gazette. He removed to Quincy, Illinois, in ISM and engaged in the publication of Daily Whig. Purchased the Kankakee Weekly Gazette which he published until his death. Married. Two sons. Charles B. Bostwick — Born June 6, 1834, in Canfield, Ohio. Died April 4. 1899, in Omaha, Nebraska. Was a graduate of Oberlin College, Ohio. Served as a Lieutenant and Quartermaster of the Sixth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry assigned to Mattoon, 111. Was editor of the Mattoon Gazette after the close of the war and for a time was private secretary to Joseph G. Cannon, Congressman from the 19th district. While Mr. Bostwick was in Washington the affairs of the Gazette were under the control of Mrs. Cynthia Ann Bostwick, his wife. Was a Republican in national and local politics. The Gazette was conducted vigorously in editorial matters related to politics. Married Cynthia Ann Patrick in 1S64. Four children. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History J. W. Clinto> 1883 M. W. Mathev I HS4-SS W. M. Kennedy 1886 John K. LeBauon 1887 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History John W. Clinton — Born Andes, New York, on November 21, 1836. Died at Polo, Illinois, February 11, 1918. He was educated at Andes and Roxbury academies in New York and after com- pleting his studies he taught school for a time in that vicinity. He came west in 1857 and taught school near Polo, Illinois, for seven years. He then purchased and began publication of the Polo Press, later called Ogle County Press, the Tri-County Press todav. He published this paper until 1901 when he sold the property and retired. He held a number of public offices in Polo and devoted much of his time to the welfare of his section of the state. He was widely known as an historian and when he retired in 1901 he devoted himself to collection of historical data. Married Carrie A. Perkins. Mu ion W. MATTHEWS — Born in Clark County, Illinois, on March 1, 1846. Died May 10, 1892, at Urbana, Illinois. There were limited advantages for an education in his community, yet he became a school teacher at the age of nineteen in Champaign County. He improved his leisure time by studying law and was soon admitted to the bar. Was appointed Master-in- Chancery of Champaign County in 1873. In 1876 he was elected State's Attornev, and re-elected in 18 80. In 1879 he became sole proprietor of the Urbana Herald and re- mained editor and publisher until his death. In 18 80 he was elected State Senator from the Counties of Champaign, DeWitt and Piatt. In 1889 he was made a member of Governor Fifer's staff with the rank of colonel. Married Miss Julia R. Foote of Urbana in 18 69. Two children. William M. Kennedy — Born in Ireland. August 11, 1843. Died April 28, 1890, at Elgin, Illinois. He was brought to Brooklyn, N. Y., by his mother after the death of his father. Shortly afterwards they removed to Dixon, Illinois. He entered newspaper work at the age of thirteen as the printer's devil. In 1870, when the Dixon Telegraph and Herald were consolidated, he bought the surplus printing material of the Telegraph and started a job office. In January, 1871, he founded the Rock River Journal and the following year he started the Iowa Farmer at Cedar Rapids. These two papers subsequently united jj the Western Farmer. In October, 1871, he purchased the subscription list and good will of the Lee County Democrat, changing its name to the Dixon Sun. He took an active part in the political and civic affairs of the community. Married Miss [nez A Timothy of Franklin Grove, Illinois, in 1879. John K. LeBaRON — Born at Geneva, Illinois, on December 3 0, 1SS5. Educated in the Geneva Public Schools. Engaged in editorial work in 1878 on the Elgin Weekly Advocate. Published the Weekly Envoy, formerly the Dollar Wcekh New s, in 18 80, later sold to the Advocate. Became owner and publisher of the El ;in Daily News in 1880 and continued to publish this paper until 1884. Established the Every Saturday at Elgin in 18 84 and remained its editor until 1901 when he removed to New York City. Editor of the Four-Track, a New York monthly, from 1901-06. A contributor to magazines and newspapers. Was active in political and civic affairs in Elgin. Appointed postmaster in January, 1882. Married Mary E. Bundy in 188 1 (deceased). Married Mrs. Catherine Chambers of Yonkers, N. Y., November 6, 191 S. Unitarian. 617 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History L. A. McLean Owen Scott 188') E. B. Fletcher 1890 Thomas Rees 1891 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History L. A. McLean— Born Grafton, Illinois, May 5, 1843. Died 1914. He removed to Urbana with his parents April 15, 1853. Attended school until 18 years of age, two years of which were spent in New Orleans. In 1862 he was elected clerk of the circuit court of Champaign County, and recorder of deeds, and served for seven years; 1874-1879 he was engaged in the mercantile business. In the fall of 1879 he became assistant editor of the Champaign County Gazette, holding that position until 18 82 when he took the position as associate editor of the Champaign County Herald with M. W. Matthews, its proprietor and editor, and continued in that capacity until 1890. Retiring from the newspaper, he took up insurance and remained in that business until his death. Married Jennie E. Russell, May 12, 1864. Three children. OWEN Scott — Born in Effingham County, Illinois, July 6, 1848. Died in Decatur. Illinois, Dec. 21, 1928. Common school education and taught school at the age of 16 years. Later attended Illinois State Normal University at Normal, then resumed teaching and became super- intendent of the city schools at Effingham, and eventually of the county schools. In 1881 he bought a half interest in the Erfingham Democrat, later becoming sole owner. In 18 84 he removed to Bloomington and became editor of the Daily Bulletin. He published this paper until his election to congress in 1890. After returning from congress in 1893, and following a short term as publisher of the Bloomington Leader, he removed to De- catur, where he spent the rest of his life. Married Miss Nora Miser of Effingham, 111. Two daughters. Mason, Grand Master, A. F. & A. M. of Illinois in 1896-97 while living in Bloomington. E. B. Fletcher — Born at Portland, Maine, April 28, 1847. Died at Morris, Illinois. March 9, 1912. He came to Morris from Joliet, Illinois, in 1875. In that year he joined in partner- ship with P. C. Hayes in the publication of the Morris Herald and continued as co- publisher until 1891 when the firm sold out to the late W. L. Sackett. He served as postmaster in Morris from 1889 to 1891 being appointed under President Harrison. He acted as manager of the campaign of Walter Clyde Jones for Governor. Married. Two children. Thomas Rees — Born at Pittsburgh, Pa., May 13, 1850. Died in Springfield, Illinois, September 9, 193 3. Came to Illinois in 1881. Attended public school. Entered newspaper work April, 1869, as night pressman of the St. Joseph (Mo.) Union. He was co-publisher of the Illinois State Register from 1881 until 1927 when he became sole publisher until his death (longest continuous service as a daily newspaper publisher in America). Author and traveler and humorist. State Senator from 1902 to 1906. Married Flora A. Huston on February 2 5, 1879, deceased. One son, deceased. Married Lou Rose Hart on July 17, 1901, deceased. No children. A. F. & A. M., Knight Templar, the Consistory 32nd degree, Shrine. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Clinton Rosette 1893 Geo. W. Cyrus 1894 C. D. Tuets 189! 620 IlllNOIS \l wsl'AI'ER I)|RL< IORY AND HlSTORY William Walker Lowis — Born February 10, 1846, at Spalding, Lincolnshire, England. Died at Minneapolis, Minn., August 6, 1919. Came to America at the age of four and received early education in Wisconsin. After the Civil War he removed to Freeport, Illinois, and entered the printing business. Served as foreman of Freeport Bulletin for few years. In 1897 became editor and publisher of Lena (111.) Star. Bought Greenville Advocate in 1893 and remained sole owner until 1908 when Will C. Carson bought half interest. Served as postmaster at Greenville from 1908 until 1915. Sold entire interest in Greenville Advocate to Will Carson and moved to Minneapolis. Was private secretary to Lieutenant Governor W. A. Northcott for two years. Married Mary J. Newcomer, January 5, 1870. One son died in his fourth year. Member of Episcopal church; past conmander of Godard Post, G. A. R., at Lena, and of Colby Post 3 01 at Greenville. Clinton E. Rosette — Eorn in DeKalb County, Illinois, October 24, 1851. Died in the summer of 1909. Common school and course in the old East Paw Paw Classical Seminary, finished as honor man of his class. Studied medicine for a time. Taught school. Entered news- paper business at DeKalb when the DeKalb Chronicle was founded by Joseph F. Glidden. Editor and publisher of the American Breeder and Feeder for many years. Married Alfaretta LaClair. Independent Order of O.ld Fellows; 32nd degree Mason. George W. Cyrus — Born March 15, 1842 in Adams County, Illinois. Died at Camp Point, Illinois, April 10, 1925. He was reared on a farm and removed to Camp Point in 1867. In connection with Thomas Bailey he founded the Camp Point Journal in 1873, where he continued as editor for 37 years. He was active in community affairs; served as postmaster of Camp Point for 16 years and a member of the board of supervisors for six years. Married Emily C. Strickler in 1863. Mason, Odd Fellows, and Knights of Pythias. C. D. Tufts — Born in Centralia, Illinois, Jan. 27, 1865. Died in Centralia August, 1923. Editor and publisher of the Centralia Democrat for many years. Staunch leader in Demceratic affairs, servinj as Democratic State Central Committeeman from the Cen- tralia district several years. State bank examiner, 1915-1916. Postmaster of Centralia for five years under President Wilson. Manager of the campaign of Hon. Peter Walker for the United States Senate against Senator W. B. McKinley in 1920. President of the Centralia Board of Education. President of the Centralia Water Company. Unmarried. Elks. Rotarians. Masons. 621 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History M. TlNNEY 1896-97 Chas. Boeschenstein M. F. Walsh 1899 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History C. M. Tinney — Born in Marion, Indiana, November 11, 18 SO. He came to Pekin, Illinois, with his parents when nine years old. He attended public schools and later studied law and was admitted to the bar and started practicing at Virginia, Illinois, in 1874. He purchased the Virginia Gazette in 18 80 and continued as editor and publisher for 2 5 years. Joined the Illinois Press Association when the late Hon. E. A. Snively was president and Joe Page, secretary. He was twice elected president of the I. P. A. and was a delegate to the National Editorial Association three different times, hie was active in State political affairs. Served as postmaster of Virginia from 1898 to 1902. Married Miss Anna E. Craft of Virginia in November, 1886. Now living in Springfield, Illinois. Charles Boeschenstun — Born at Highland, Illinois, October 27, 1864. He attended school at Highland and at Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri. At the age of fifteen he owned a printing press on which he did many small jobs. On August 20, 1881, he bought the Highland Herald and in January, 1883, he acquired the Edwardsville Intelligencer and merged the Herald with the Intelligencer. Under his ownership he made this old paper one of the most influential in southern Illinois. In 1907 he began publishing the Intelligencer as a daily. He installed the first linotype machine in Madison County at the Intelligencer office. He remained the active head of Intelligencer until 1917 when he became president of the Edwardsville National Bank and Trust Company. He is active in state political affairs. Served as mayor of Edwards- ville in 1887-89. In 1912 he became Democratic National Committeeman from Illinois and served in that capacity until 1924. Married Miss Bertha Whitbread of Edwardsville, November 10, 1892. Three children. M. F. Walsh — Born Jan. 17, 1867, on a farm near Harvard, Illinois. Entered the newspaper business as an apprentice printer in 18 84 at one dollar per week. Became editor and owner of the Harvard Herald in the fall of 18 87 and has maintained that position continuously since that time. Postmaster 16 years. Civil service commissioner five years. Served as Director of the Department of Registration and Edu- cation in the cabinet of Gov. Louis L. Emmerson. Married Mary Groesbeck, 1900. No children. Arthur C. Bentley — Born near Griggsville, Jan. 12, 1860. Died May 9, 1906. Taught school and read law as a young man. Admitted to the bar in 18 82. With D. E. Donley, established the Baylis Guide, 1890. In 1895, with C. W. Caughlan, pur- chased the Pittsfield Pike County Banner, changing the name to the Pike Countv Times, by which name it is still known. Master in Chancery of the Pike County circuit court 1893-1905; secretary of the State Democratic committee, 1897-9S. Married Laura Grime, 1901, who with her two sons, survives him. 623 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History S. D. Atkins 1901 Ph C. W. Bliss 1902 Chas, Bradsha 1903 John M. Rapp 1904 624 llllNuls \l Vi'Sl'MTIl DlRIc lllllY AND HlSTORY Smith D. Atkins — Born June 9, 1835, in Horseheads, Chemung County, X. Y. Died March 27, 1913, at Freeport, Illinois. While still a boy began to learn the printing trade in the Prairie Democrat printing office in Freeport. Later attended "Old Sandstone" college at Mt. Morris. Studied law, and was admitted to the bar and elected State's Attorney of Jo Daviess, Stephenson, and Winnebago Counties. Served with honors in the Civil War, retiring as brevet major general. Was editor of the Freeport Journal for half a century. Married. Two daughters. Member of Excelsior Lodge No. 97, A. F. & A. M.. of Freeport Consistory. (harms W. Bliss — Born on a farm in Fillmore township, Montgomery County. ).\n. X, 1846. Died at Hillsboro, October, 1931. Graduated from McKendree College, Lebanon, 111. Taught school and read law. admitted to the practice by the supreme court in 1871. Engaged in law practice in Hillsboro until 1892, at which time he bought the Montgomery County News, and continued as publisher until his death. Married Libbie Phillips, 1872. Three children. Methodist. Charles Bradshaw — Born at Sheffield, Dec. 3 0, 1856. Attended common schools. Entered newspaper business in 1882 as editor and part owner of the Kirkwood Leader. In 1888 bought the Carrollton Patriot, of which he is still the editor and publisher. Member of board of education at one time. Married Emma Smith of Monrovia, Calif., in 1915. No children. Baptist. John M. Rapp — Born on farm near Jeffersonville, Illinois, December 24, 1864. Died in Saint Louis, Mo., March 22, 1919. Graduated from Ohio State Normal at Lebanon, Ohio. Studied law and admitted to bar in 18 87, but never entered the practice of law. Served as Master-in-Chancery for Wayne County from 1890 to 1900. Owned and published the Wayne County Record for thirty years. He was prominent in politics in Wayne County and southern I.lino;s. Was member of Illinois Legislature from 46th District. Served on the Efficiency and Economy Committee from 1913 to 1915. Filled the office of Internal Revenue Collector of 13th District from 1913 until his death. Married Wilhelmina Holly on October 24. 1889. Two children. Member of A. F. & A. M. Fairfield Lodge No. 206, also a Royal Arch and Shriner Degree Mason. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History J. B. Castle 1905 H. N. Wheeler 1906 S. K. Strother 1908 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History John Bertrand Castle — Born at Sandwich, Illinois, August 13, 1859. Died December 16, 1921. He attended the public schools of Sandwich, following which he pursued a course in the law department of the Northwestern University from which he graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. Served several terms as representative in the State Legis- lature, serving for a time as chairman of the judiciary committee. In addition to his law practice he was an able banker and at the time of his death was president of the Sandwich State Bank. He was editor of the Sandwich Argus for several years. Married Miss Mary (Mollie) Latham in 1885. Hiram Nicholas Wheeler — Born at St. Charles, 111., March 30, 1844. Died September 3, 1916. He began his newspaper career in 1870 in St. Charles as a correspondent of the Chicago Tribune. Shortly afterward he published a weekly, the St. Charles Transcript, later changing the name to the St. Charles Ledger. In 1878 he moved the Ledger to Elgin, Illinois. In 1881 he removed to Quincy and with I rank McMasters bought the Herald. In 1883 he sold his interest in the Herald and established the Quincy Daily Journal which he owned and published until his death. Mr. Wheeler was a member of the Ford peace ship party which sailed from New York, December 4, 1915. Married Miss Maria Ferson. Two sons. Married Mrs. Bertha Brockman. Two daughters. J. C. Adams — Born in Illinois June 23, 1866. Died 1931 at St. Mary's Hospital, Kankakee. Graduate of Valparaiso University. Entered newspaper business as reporter and solicitor on the Kaukauna (Wis.) Times in 1891. Former president of Peotone Chamber of Commerce. Postmaster 1905-1913. Owner and publisher of Peotone Vedette for manv years", until "the time of his death. Married Stella C. Chubb, 1891. Survived by his widow and two' daughters. I. O. O. F. and K. of P. S. K. Strother— Born at Raleigh, N. C, 1S60. Came to Illinois with his parents in 1871. First newspaper experience with the Griggsville (111.) Reflector, founded by his father. Worked on the Kansas City Times and the Kansas City Star; owned and edited the Springfield, Missouri, Daily Leader and the Chattanooga, Tenn., Daily Sun. Founded, owned and edited the Taylorville, Illinois, Daily Courier from 1895 to 1914. From 1914 to 1919 he owned and edited the Mason County Democrat at Havana, Illinois. Retired from the profession in 1919. Now living in Pittsfield, 111. 627 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History W. T. Bedtord I9CU Eugene L'Hoie 1911 G. \V. Hughes 1912 Iilinois Newspaper Directory and History \\ \i. T. Bediord — Born September 18, 1863, in Surrey, England. Educated in England, graduate of Christ's College, London, in 1879. First business experience began on the staff in the correspondence department of the largest wholesale dry-goods firm of Copestake. Sailed for United States in 18 84. Came to LaSalle that same year and was engaged in the insurance business. He was LaSalle editor of the Peru Daily News-Herald for six years. In June, 1891, he succeeded A. L. Hennessy as editor and publisher of the LaSalle Republican and changed the name to the LaSalle Weekly Tribune. On July 1, 1891, he issued the first number of the LaSalle Daily Tribune. Was active in the political and civic affairs of LaSalle. He was appointed postmaster of LaSalle in 1902 by President Roosevelt. Married Miss Anna Elizabeth Treat, October 20, 1892. Knights of Pythias, Modern Woodmen of Illinois. J. M. Shuts— Born at Oblong, Illinois, March 29, 1875. Graduated from Oblong High School. Entered newspaper business in 1896 at Oblong as editor and publisher, a position which he still retains. Secretary of the Illinois Press Association for five years. Was the author of the Past Presidents' Association and was its first president. Has served on the executive committee of the I.P.A. for over twenty years. Active in community affairs. President of the Rotary Club, Chamber of Com- merce, Red Cross, Community Relief Association and Board of Education. Member of Sigma Delta Chi. Married, 1896. One son. Methodist Episcopalian. Eugene L'Hote — Born at Marshall, Illinois, May 7, 1862. Entered newspaper business when 16 years of age at Milford. Owner of Milford Herald for many years. Married, widower. Three children. Secretary of Chamber of Commerce. Odd Fellows. K. of P. (No longer active in newspaper work.) George W. Hughes — Born June 9, 1853, in Clermont County, Ohio. Brought to DeWitt County, Illinois, by his parents when he was three months old. He received his preliminary education in the district schools. Later he supplemented his early training by studying in the Illinois Wesleyan University at Bloomington and in Springfield (111.) Business College. He taught school for five years. In 188 5 he and his brother. Perry, purchased the Clinton Register. The partnership between the brothers continued for eighteen years, at the end of which time Mr. Hughes purchased Perry's interest and took as partner his other brother, Nelson R. Hughes. He has always been an advocate of democratic principles and for four years served as justice af peace. Married Miss Eliza B. Shaw on September 28, 1893. 629 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History I C. W. Warner 1913 W. B. Davis 1916 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Charles W. Warner — Born in Montgomery County, Indiana, January 24, 18 57. Died December 3 0, 1923. Educated in public grade and high school at Rossville, Illinois. Learned the printers trade in the office of the Rossville Enterprise. Taught school for two years. In 1879 worked as a printer on the Hoopeston Chronicle. On July 1, 18 82, he assumed the management of the Chronicle, and in 1887 he purchased the paper and published it until 192 when he was forced to sell because of failing health. Was quite active in civic and political affairs of Hoopeston. Radically opposed to saloons. Married Lillian Clark in December, 1883. One daughter. Knights of Pythias, Mason. J. M. Page — Born at Stoughton, Mass., May 20, 1845. Came to Illinois June 1, 1866. Entered the newspaper business 1880 at Jerseyville, when he took over the Jersey County Democrat, of which he is still the editor and pub- lisher. Served as Mayor of Jerseyville four times; chief of police four years; Master in Chancery of the Jersey County Circuit Court for 44 years. Married Sarah M. Reamer, 1871. One son. A. F. and A. M.; M. W. A.; Elks; K. of P.; K. of H; R. X. A.; G. A. R.; W. R .C; and Eastern Star. Member of the Baptist Church. William G. Dustin — Born June 7, 1850, at Corinth, Vt. Died February 14, 1918, at Dwight, Illinois. The family moved to Illinois when Mr. Dustin was a small boy. Attended school at Sycamore, 111. At the age of 13 years he accompanied his father to the scenes of the Civil War. In 1873 he enlisted for U. S. Army service in the Indian wars, received hon- orable discharge in 1877. He then learned the printing trade and in 1S89 he was employed in the office of the Dwight Star and Herald for one year. He soon purchased the business and remained sole proprietor until 190 5 when he sold an interest to A. S. Holbrook. Besides being editor of the Dwight Star and Herald he was editor of the Banner, the official organ of the order of Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War, later serving as Com- mander-in-Chief, the highest office in that order. He was active in political affairs. Married Miss Katherine Rodgers, December 26, 1878. Four children. W. B. Davis — Born July 10, 186 5 at Lexington, Mo. Came to Illinois in 1875, entering newspaper field as publisher in Mt. Sterling in 1886 where he continues publication. Member of the school board for over a period of 30 years; postmaster three terms. Married twice. Four children. Presbvterian. Woodman. 631 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History H. U. Bailey 1917 J. E. McClure 1919 R. GODDARU 1920 632 Ii i incus Newspaper Dikm iory and History II. U. Bailey — Born February 1, 1868, at Princeton, 111. Attended Quincy College. Entered newspaper business in Princeton at age of 20. Active in varied community activities. Formerly assistant commissioner Illinois Com- merce Commission and Director of Trade and Commerce of State of Illinois. Married fane Oliver, 1891. Two children. Methodist Episcopalian. Elk. S. P. Preston — Born May 16, 1875, at Madisonville, Ky. Came to Illinois when two years of age. Learned newspaper business at Litchfield; was with Hillsboro Montgomery County News for about 20 years. Founded Gillespie News, of which he is still editor and publisher, in 1905. Has served as Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Illinois Press Association and the Southern Illinois Editorial Association for 15 years, and is a past president of both organizations. Married twice. No children. Methodist. J. E. McClure — Born August 11, 1867, in Carlinville. Attended Blackburn College. Entered newspaper business in 1901 as owner and editor of the Carlinville Democrat, which position he still maintains. Married Flora Parker, 1897. Two children. Member of Chamber of Commerce. Rotarian. Mason. Knights of Pythias. Woodmen. Methodist Episcopalian. Paul R. Goddard — Born April 4, 1865, in Monroe County, New York. Learned printing business when 15 years of age at Hastings, Iowa. Worked on papers in Iowa and South Dakota. Established Pierre (S. D.) Daily Capital in 1889. Moved tj Washington, Illinois, 1899, where he has since been engaged in the newspaper business and is at present the president of a company which prints six weekly papers. Vice president of Illinois Press Association three years. Member of Executive Committee since 1921. Married. 633 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Benj. S. Herbert 1921 Fred M. Rolens 1922 J. H. Harrison 1923 \ A. H. Gravenhorst 1924 634 Illinois \i w siwi-lr Direc iory and History Benjamin S. Herbert — Born Red Wing, Minn., May 4, 1879. Died August 2, 1933. Special course in Journalism at the University of Illinois. He was editor of the Ravenswood Citizen from 1903 to 1922. Editor of National Printer Journalist and associate editor of Federal Doings, a magazine of government employees in the Chicago area. Active in community affairs of every description for over thirty years. Secretary of Ravenswood Improvement Association, Inc. for 20 years. He was a special deputy collector of internal revenue from 1921 until his untimely death, for two years vice president of the National Editorial Association. Married Litta L. Sill, 1915. Three children. Fred M. Rolens — Born December 6, 18 80, near Murphysboro, Illinois. Educated in common schools of Murphysboro. Started in newspaper work as devil for J. J. Penny, publisher of the Murphysboro Daily Independent. Was made business manager of the Independent in 1906. The paper at that time was owned by Jos. B. Gill and John M. Herbert. Bought the paper in 1912 and continued as its owner until 1926. Removed to California. Purchased the foothill Review in South Pasadena in 1929. Was member of the Executive committee of the Southern Illinois Editorial Association and Illinois Press Association for a number of years. Married. Four sons and one daughter. Mas;n. John H. Harrison — Born Nov. 30, 1867, Lebanon, Ind. Died at Miami Beach, Florida, March 2, 1930. Graduate of DePauw University, from which he also received his M.A. degree. Began newspaper work as printer's devil on father's paper. Editor of the Danville Commercial- News, until his death. Married Lucille Brian Gilmore, 1928. No children. Mason. Elks. Methodist. Albert H. Gravenhorst— Born Jan. 31, 1883, at Effingham. Graduate of Austin College. Entered newspaper business in 1902 at Erfingham as devil. At present is owner and editor of the Effingham Countv Review. Member of the Chamber of Commerce. Former President of Pontiac Reformatory Board. Rotarian. Married Juanita Naegelin, 14 16. Three children. Lutheran. 63 5 Illinois Newspaper. Directory and History W. J. Smith 1921 H. E. Bell 192 6 W. W. Loomis 1927 C. S. Conger 192 8 636 Iiii.nois \'i wsimper Directory and History William J. Smith — Born February 24, 1877, in Volo. III. Graduated from Waukegan High School in 1897. Interested in newspaper work since graduation. Was city editor of the Waukegan Sun for rive ye.irs, and was co- publisher with his brother, Frank G. Smith (now deceased) of the W.uikegan Gazette until they sold the publication in 1911. While city editor of the Sun he carried on a correspondence with Andrew Carnegie which ultimately brought a Carnegie Fund Library to Waukegan. Dropped newspaper work for six months in 1911 and then, along with his brother Frank, purchased and operated the Waukegan Daily Sun and the Liberty villc Weekly Independent until 1928. Was named a member of the Illinois Commerce Commission in 1922 by Gov. Len Small and served seven years. Sold both Illinois papers in 1928 and invested in the St. Petersburg (Fla.) Daily Times, and is chairman of the board of directors although inactive in the management of the paper. Republican in national politics, he is independent in local affairs. He is an Elk. a member of the Medinah Temple Mystic Shrine, Chicago; Chicago Consistory. Married in 1 92 S to Eula Spivey Clark of East St. Louis. Now living in Waukegan, Illinois. One son. H. E. Bi ll— Born 1873 at Belltown, Illinois. Died March 10, 1930, at White Hall. Graduated from White Hall High School, 1891. Taught rural schools. Superin- tendent of schools of Greene County for a term of four years, during which time he entered the newspaper business. Owner of the White Hall Register for 2 8 years. Pub- lisher of the Register-Republican at the time of his death. Married Stella Chapin, 1895. Survived by his widow and one son, Richard C. Bell, who continues as owner of the paper. K. of P. Presbyterian. William W. Loomis — Born at Clermont, Iowa. Graduate of State University of Iowa, where he entered upon his first newspaper work on the Yidette-Reporter, a student paper. Became associated with LaGrange Citizen in 1905, where he is still located as president of the Citizen Publishing Company. Married Alice Bibbs. Four children. Author of "Newspaper Law." Former associate editor of System Magazine. C. S. Conger — Born October 1, 18 82, at Carmi, Illinois. Educated at Carmi High School and Illinois College at Jacksonville. Received his B.A. degree from Princeton University in 1905. Admitted to the practice of law in Illinois. 1907. Member of firm of Conger, Pearce, & Conger 1907-1918. At present member of the law firm of Conger & Elliott, Carmi. Purchased the White County Democrat at Carmi in 1920. Consolidated with the Carmi Tribune-Times in 1929 to form Carmi Democrat-Tribune of which he remained president and editor, associated with Roy Clip- pinger, until 1932. No longer active in newspaper work. Former President of the Southern Illinois Editorial Association. Former member of the Executive Committee of the Illinois Press Association. Kiwanis. 637 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History J. E. Dertinger 1929 Howe V. Morgan 1930 Gerry D. Scott 1931 C. R. Denton 193 3 President in 1932, was also Prcsidcnl ol 638 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History JAMI s E. Di R.TING1 R — Born March 21, 1S73. in Fulton County. Business college and L.iw training. Entered newspaper business as circulation man- ager ot the Kewanee Courier. Now editor and owner of the Bushnell Record. Wined community activities. Married Teresa Hicks, 1903. One daughter. Knights of Pythias, Masons, Odd Fellows, Pythian Sisters, Eastern Star. Howi V. Morgan — Born near Highland, August 11, 1892. High school graduate. Began learning trade on Greenville Sun, no longer in existence. Co-publisher and editor of the Sparta News-Plaindealer since 1921. Many community activities. Married Julia Eve Bourner, 1915. Two children. Member of the Presbyterian Church. K. of P. Modern Woodmen of America. Woodmen of the World. Gerry D. Scott — Born at Greencastle, Mo., on September 26, 1890. Moved to Wyoming, Illinois with parents, in infancy. Grade and high school edu- cation. First experience in newspaper work with Stark County Tribune at Wyoming while still a small boy. Served apprenticeship on the Wyoming Post-Herald. Later worked on Stark County News at Toulon and Cambridge Chronicle at Cambridge. Worked on the Chicago American, Bureau County Tribune, Princeton Star Courier, Kewanee Evening Mail, Galesburg Transcript and Evening Star and Evening Journal, Peoria; News-Scimitar, Memphis, Tenn. Purchased the Wyoming Post-Herald with brother in 1914. Became sole owner in 191 S. Later purchased the Princeville Telephone which he still owns. Active in civic and political affairs of the city. Served as treasurer of the Illinois Press Association. Vice president of the N.E.A. Married Ruth Reynolds, March 6, 1911. Two children. Member Masonic fraternity; past high priest Wyoming Chapter Royal Arch Masons. Chester R. Denson- — Born in Ursa, Adams County, Illinois, on January 30, 1882. He attended the rural schools and graduated from the Minonk High School in 1905. He first became interested in printing when the Ursa Trumpet was founded in the village in 1893 but it expired after ten issues. Shortly afterwards he purchased a small job press and did small jobs until May, 1 S s> s , when he and Arlington Taylor, now a district judge at Ft. Morgan, Colo., founded the Ursa Times. In 1899-1900 Denson worked in Chicago as a Gordon feeder and on March 1, 1900, again took charge of the Ursa paper and conducted it until January, 1901. On November 1, 1904, he purchased the Minonk Register and immediately changed the name to the Dispatch, which was run under that name until he purchased the Minonk News on November 1, 1913, and consolidated the two papers under the name of the Minonk News-Dispatch, which he has published since that time. He has always been interested in politics and was elected city clerk of Minonk in 1907 and re-elected in 1909. He has been a delegate to many county and state conventions, and in 1928 was elected alternate delegate to the National Republican Convention in Kansas City, Mo., for the seventeenth congressional district. In 1932 he was elected one of the two delegates from this district to the Republican National Convention in Chicago. He is chairman of the Regional Code Authoritv for the divisions A-2 and A-5 of the Graphic Arts for the state of Illinois. Married Miss Jane C. Ofnll of Ashley. Illinois, on October 24, 1914. Three sons. Modern Woodman, Kiwanis. 639 Hall of Jame Illinois Newspaper Directory and History History of the Hall TIk- 1 ditors' I l.ill of Fame, established by the Illinois Press Association in 1927, is the outgrowth of discussion which followed the assassination of Don R. Mellett, editor of the Canton, Ohio, Ledger. Mellett was shot down on July 16, 1926, and a short time later L. M. Wood, publisher of the Flora Journal, proposed the establishment of the Hall to preserve the spirit and achievement of notable members of the press. The Southern Illinois Editorial Association took up the proposal at its meeting in Granite City on April 23, 1927, and brought it before the state body in session at the School of Journalism of the University of Illinois on Friday afternoon, October 14, 1927. At the business session of the Association on the following morning the establishment of the Hall was voted and regulations adopted to govern the election of men who by their lives and deeds have contributed to the advancement and the dignity of the pro- fession of journalism. Under the regulations the Illinois Press Association established a Hall of Fame Com- mittee charged with conduct of elections and other business of the Hall. The Committee has met five times and has elected twelve men to the state section of the Hall. At the first meeting, on October 12, 1928, four men were elected; at the second meeting, on October 3, 1929, five men were elected; at the third meeting, on October 4, 1929, three men were elected. The fourth meeting, on Tuesday, June 17, 1930, was held to make arrangement, for the dedication of the Hall; the fifth meeting, on November 20, 1930, was devoted largely to final plans for the dedication ceremony and to planning for the future of the Hall. The dedication and first unveiling were held on Friday, November 21, 1930, in the Auditorium of the University of Illinois before a gathering of notables and a general audience of two thousand persons. Addresses were made by the Governor of the State, the Provost of the University, the president of the Illinois Press Association, the editor of the Quincy Herald-Whig, and Dr. John H. Finley, associate editor of the New York Times. The late Walter A. Strong, publisher of the Chicago Daily Xews, directed the arrangements and presided at the banquet which followed the formal exercises. Fred Fuller Shedd, M.irlen E. Pew, George B. DolKver, the President of the University, and the Governor of the State addressed the banquet. At the ceremony attendant upon the exer- cises eight busts were unveiled. At a special meeting on the same day the Hall of Fame Committee elected two men to the State section and voted the establishment of a General section to which members of the press in the United States and the world generally should be eligible. To this General section the Committee elected five men, three from the United States, and one each from England and France. On March 3, 1931, the Committee elected one man to the State section. The next meeting was held on November 14 and 15, 1931, and at that time seven men were elected to the General section and two to the State section. On November 11, 1932, the Committee elected one man to the State section and four men to the General srcticn. At this time action was taken to admit to the Hall a memorial bearing the names of Past Presidents of the Illinois Press Association. On report to the Association, November 12, 1932, the organization voted to letter the names of those elected to the General and State sections on the walls of the permanent Hall of Fame. At a meeting on October 12, 1933, the Committee took tentative action on six names which it voted to place before the public and consider for one year. All actions from 1927 to 1934 were taken by unanimous vote and confirmed by unanimous vote of the Illinois Press Association and the all-state journalism conference. The next meeting of the Committee will be held in October, 1934. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Regulations Governing Elections and Conduct of the Hall State Section 1. Any editor or publisher of an Illinois newspaper who, during his lifetime, achieved state fame as an editor or publisher, shall be eligible to the Hall of Fame. However, he or she shall not be elected to the place of honor until one year after his or her death. 2. The conduct of elections shall be vested in a Committee of Seven, each member of which shall have one vote in the selection of names for the Hall of Fame. Vacancies on the Hall of Fame Committee shall be rilled by vote of the Association on presentation of names by the regular nominating committee. 3. No limitation shall be placed on the Hall of Fame Committee in the performance of its functions. The number of men to be elected is not specified. 4. A bust is hereby chosen to represent the honored deceased. It is desirable that some uniformity be maintained in the memorials, and bronze busts conforming in a general way to those already placed in the Hall are advised. The Hall of Fame Committee shall pass on all plans for busts and shall accept or reject as it sees fit. 5. Names of editors nominated for the Hall must be filed with the secretary at least thirty days before the annual convention. General Section (Proposal) 1. Editors, publishers, and other members of the press shall be eligible to the Hall of Fame on a basis similar to that described for the state section. 2. Nominations for the General Section shall be made by members of the Committee of 100 consisting of distinguished journalists in im- portant countries of the world. Selection shall be made by the regular Hall of Fame Committee. 3. Memorials authorized shall be similar to those in the state section and subject to the same approval. 4. Elections to the General Section shall be held in 1930, 193 5 and every five years thereafter. 5. Individuals may bring names to the attention of the Committee of 100 or the Hall of Fame Committee at any time. Letters of recom- mendation should contain a sketch of the life, accomplishments, and connexions with the press and public life. 642 llllNnls XlWM'M'IU DlRI c roRY AND HlSTORY The Hall oi Fame (In Order of Elections) State Section Yl< ["OR I Rl \H).\ i Lawson |osl I'll Ml I IARR1 Ml DILL Ft i iaii Paris] i Lo\ i rot Henry Wilson Clendi m\ David Wright Barkley Simeon Ik \ \< is William Osborni Davis Mi i \ ii i i Elijah Stone ... foHN Waterbury Clinton John Withnal Bailey Edward Wyllis Scripps Henry Means Pindell Hi \ I \ mix F. Shaw Eugene Francis Baldwin John Higgins Harrison Eugene Field _. Horace V. White Charles Wesley Bi iss October 12 October 12 October 12 October 12 October October October October October October Octob.-r October November 2 1 Nov ember 2 1 March 3 October 1 5 October 1 5 November 1 1 1928 1928 1928 1928 1929 1929 1929 1929 1929 1929 1929 1929 1930 1930 1931 1931 1931 1932 Proposed (final action to be taken in 1934) : ( 19) Thomas S. Rees; (20) Matthew Duncan; (21) Henry L. Eddy; (22) Hooper Warren; (23) James Hall; (24) John B. Calhoun. Gcin ral Section Hi njamin Fr wm.in Henry Jarvis Raymond Horace Greeley John Thaddeus Dei \ni Theophraste Renaudot .. William Rockhill Nelson [osl I'll Pli itzer Henry Woodi in Grady Samuel Bovcles II Charles Dickens Charles Anderson Dana Harvey Whitefield Scott F.)\v in Lawrence Godkin Maximilian Hardi n Hi nrv Watterson Samuel Clemens November 2 1 \<>\ ember 21 November 2 1 Mot ember 2 1 November 2 1 October 1 f October 15 October 15 October 15 October 15 _ October 1 5 October 1 5 November 1 1 No\ ember 1 1 November 1 1 November 1 1 1930 1930 1930 1930 1930 1931 1931 1931 19 31 1931 1931 1931 1932 1932 1932 1932 (Note: — The plan of electing every five years was adopted in 193 3.) 643 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Committees for the Dedication —1931 — Special Committee on Arrangements Walter A. Strong, Chicago Daily News H. L. Williamson, National Printer Journalist Putney Haight, Chicago Tribune A. A. Raboin, Chatsworth Plaindealer L. W. Murphy, University of Illinois Advisory J. M. White, University of Illinois Hall of Fame Committee L. M. Wood, Flora Journal Record A. L. Bowen, Illinois State Journal A. A. Raboin, Chatsworth Plaindealer L. W. Murphy, University of Illinois J. E. Dertinger, Bushnell Record H. L. Williamson, National Printer Journalist W. C. Bush, Pike County Democrat, Pittsfield Committee on Information W. M. Hout, Champaign News-Gazette A. T. Burrows, Urbana Courier J. R. Adams, Daily Illini V. A. Sholis, Daily Illini C. W. Johnson, Associated Press Don E. Chamberlain, United Press 644 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Busts Unveiled 1931 Victor Fremont Lawson The bust, by Lor.ido Taft, is the gift of the Chicago Daily News. Joseph Meharry Medill The bust, by Oskar J. V. Hansen, is the gift of the Chicago Tribune. Elijah Parish Lovejoy The bust, by Oskar J. W. Hansen, is the gift of members of the Illinois Press Association. Henry Wilson Olendenin The bust, by Lorado Taft, is the gift of the families of Henry Wilson Clendenin and Thomas Rees. David Wright Barkley The bust, by Viola Norman, ii the gift of William Mason Goudy, LaGrange, Illinois.; David Wright Barkley, Jr., Los Angeles, Calif.; Miss Theo Barkley, Los Angeles, Calif; Mrs. Grace Barkley Wilcox, Washington, D. C; Mrs. W. S. Wertz, La Grange. Illinois; E. H. Chil- dress, Fairfield. Illinois. W'u I [AM OSBOR.Nl D\\ is The bust, by Albin Polasek, is the gift of Mr. Davis Merwin, Bloom- ington; Mrs. Louis B. Merwin, Bloomington; Mrs. Lewis G. Stevenson. Bloomington; Mr. Adlai E. Stevenson, Chicago; Mrs. Robert O. Hanley, New York City; Mrs. Ernest L. Ives, Copenhagen, Denmark; Mr. Loring C. Merwin, Pasadena, California. Edward Wyixis Scripps The bust, by Jo Davidson, is the gift of Robert P. Scripps, West Chester, Ohio. 1 li mo Means Pindeli The bust, by Oskar J. \V. Hansen, is the gift of Mrs. Henry Means Pindeli and daughters, Mrs. Howard Talbott and Mrs. Carl Slane, Peoria. Mi i \ ii 1 1 Elijah Stone The bust, by Frances Savage, is the gift of the directors of the Associated Press. 645 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Victor Fremont Lawson Victor Fremont Lawson was born in Chicago, September 9, 18 50, and died in Chicago, August 19, 1925. He was elected to the Hall October 12, 1928 — Election 1. He was educated in public schools and at Phillips Andover Academy. When his father died in 1873 Lawson took over management of certain property which included the plant of The Daily Skandinaven. In this plant Melville E. Stone launched The Chicago Daily News on Christmas day in 1875. After a few months Stone sold an interest in the paper to Lawson and Stone remained as editor. In 1881 the morning edition of the News was launched, to be known after a short time as the Record. When Stone left the News in 1888 Lawson became editor as well as publisher and he continued so through thirty-seven years of distinguished service to his city, country, and newspaper. His importance in the establishment of the Associated Press was second only to that of Melville E. Stone and he served as president of the organization during much of the period in which Stone was manager. He received the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws from Columbia University and the University of Michigan. 646 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Joseph Meharry Medill Joseph Meharry Medill was born at New Brunswick, Canada, April 6, 1823, and died at San Antonio, Texas, March 16, 1899. He was elected to the Hall October 12, 1928 — Election 2. He was educated in public school and at Massillon (Ohio) Academy. He took up the study of law, was admitted to the bar and began to practice. Journalism drew him away from the bar and he gave up his legal work to begin the study of journalism in a country newspaper plant. From 1S49 to IX W he was engaged in newspaper work in Ohio. He then went to Chicago and became managing editor of The Chicago Tribune. From that time until his death he was active in the management and direction of Tribune policy, first as managing editor, then as editor, and finally as publisher. His control of the Tribune dated from 1874. Medill served the city ot Chicago as mayor immediately after the Chicago fire. He was one of the founders of the Republican party and did much to "bring forth Lincoln from comparative obscurity and elect him president of the United States." 647 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Elijah Parish Lovejoy Elijah Parish Lovejoy was born at Albion, Maine, November 9, 1802, and died at Alton, Illinois, November 7, 1837. He was elected to the Hall of Fame October 12, 1928 — Election 3. He was graduated at the head of his class from Waterville College, Waterville, Maine, in 1826. The following year he came west and taught school for a short time in St. Louis. He then became editor of a Whig paper but gave it up to return east and study theology at Princeton. He was licensed as a preacher in 1833. A year later his friends induced him to start a weekly paper in St. Louis. He undertook publication of The Observer. Due to his fearless and uncompromising stand against oppression of the slaves popular feeling against him was stirred up. His presses and types were destroyed. He moved to Alton, Illinois, and published the paper there for a time. He could not escape mob feeling, however, and he was shot to death trying to protect his fourth press from destruction. 648 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Henry Wilson Clendenin Henry Wilson Clendenin was bom at Schellsburg, Pennsylvania, August 1, 1838, and died at Springfield, Illinois, July IS, 1927. He was elected to the Hall October 12, 1928 — Election 4. His public school education came to an end when he entered the office of the Burlington, Iowa, Hawkeye at the age of fifteen. In this office he worked under an editor who had been for some time a professor of English and he de- veloped facility and power in writing under his direction. From 1852 until his death seventy-five years later his newspaper work was inter- rupted only by a short term enlistment in the Union Army during the Civil War. He was for a time an executive on the Peoria Daily Tran- script and for nearly fifty years editor of the Illinois State Register. From 1910 to 1927 he was partially blind but continued his editorial work as an adviser and director. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History David Wright Barkley David Wright Barkley was born at Fairfield, Illinois, May 21, 1842, and died at Denver, Colorado, July 7, 1908. He was elected to the Hall October 3, 1929 — Election 5. He had little formal schooling and his education was capped by a short term at McKendree College, Lebanon, Illinois. After a brief experience in business, government positions, and publication work Barkley purchased the War Democrat of Fairfield and at the beginning of the year 1866 changed the name to the Wayne County Press. He edited the paper for twenty-two years, during which time he served his country and district in a distinguished way both as editor and public official. He was president of the board of trustees of the Methodist church in Fairfield for several years and a representative for his district in the state legislature in 1872. In 1887 he sold the Press and moved farther west. At Pueblo, Colo., he published a monthly paper, the Cactus, and at Rocky Ford a weekly, the Rocky Ford Enter- prise. He was editor of the latter publication at the time of his last illness. He died at the home of his daughter in Denver. 650 Illinois Newspaper Dire< torn- and History William Osborne Davis William Osborne Davis was born in Chester County, n:ar West- chester, Pennsylvania, August 5, 1837, and died at Bloomington, Illinois, May 23, 1911. He was elected to the Hall October 3, 1929 — Election 7. He was educated at public schools, a private academy at Norris- town, Pennsylvania, and a boy's school at Charlottsville, New York. At the age of twenty-one he came west and taught school for two years at Normal, Illinois. Following this he prospected in Colorado, saw service in the Civil War and returned to operate a farm near Blooming- ton. In 1868 he became associated with his father-in-law, Jesse W. Fell, in the Bloomington Pantagraph as business manager and started the connection that was to last for more than forty years and to affect in a notable way the conduct and standing of that paper. By 1871 he had become owner of the paper and the problem of editorial direction was his. He served as editor-publisher from that time until his death and left a stamp upon the paper which has given it leadership in the field of the community daily. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Edward Wyllis Scripps Edward Wyllis Scripps was born on a farm at Rushville, Illinois, June 18, 1854, and died aboard his yacht off the coast of West Liberia, Africa, March 12, 1926. He was elected to the Hall October 4, 1929 — Election 11. He was the youngest of thirteen children, four of whom became famous in journalism. At the age of eighteen he left the farm to go to Detroit, possessed of his savings of eighty dollars and long- cherished dreams of a career in journalism along original lines. There he became associated with his brothers, James E. and George H., and their sister Ellen Browning Scripps, in the founding of The Detroit News. In 1878, Edward W. Scripps left the News to start the first of his own string of newspapers, the Cleveland, Ohio, Penny Press. Then followed others until at the time of his death there were thirty strong dailies which he had founded or acquired, and also the United Press Associa- tions, Newspaper Enterprise Association, and several other newspaper service organizations. In 1920 he founded and endowed Science Service. Scripps retired from the management of his newspaper enterprises in 1920. Illinois Niwm'Umk Directory and History Henry Means Pindell Henry Means Pindell was born at St. Joseph, Missouri, December 23, 1860, and died at Northport Point, Michigan, August 8, 1924. He was elected to the Hall October 4, 1929 — Election 12. He was grad- uated from De Pauw University, Greencastle, Indiana, in 18 84, and went to work as a reporter. He became in turn editor of the Wabash, Indiana, Times, reporter on The Chicago Tribune, and city editor of the Illinois State Register, Springfield, Illinois. In 18 89 Pindell moved to Peoria and founded The Peoria Herald. Later he purchased The Peoria Transcript and Peoria Times. A succession of purchases, mergers, and consolidations left him at the head of two important papers in Peoria, the Transcript, in the morning field, and the Journal, in the evening field. Under his direction the papers became notable for their excellence and their public service. He held a number of positions of trust and declined appointment by W'oodrow Wilson as ambassador to Russia. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Simeon Francis Simeon Francis was born at Wethersfield, Connecticut, May 14, 1796, and died at Portland, Oregon, October 25, 1872. He was elected to the Hall October 3, 1929 — Election 6. He served an apprenticeship as a printer after a few years of schooling. At the age of 2 8 he launched his first paper at New London, Connecticut, and two years later went to Buffalo, New York, to publish the Buffalo Emporium. In 1831 he came to Illinois and with his brother, Josiah, established the Sangamo Journal at Springfield. This paper later became the Illinois State Journal and Francis continued as a co-editor until 185 5. For several years he devoted himself to the political interests of Abraham Lincoln and was active in behalf of Lincoln before and after leaving the State Journal. He left Springfield in 18 59 to go to Oregon in behalf of Lincoln. Aside from his publicity work he had only one important journalistic ex- perience in Oregon and that was as editor of the Portland Oregonian for a short time in 1860. Francis was army paymaster from 1861 to 1870, at which time he retired. liiiNois Newspaper Directory and History Mi i ville Elijah Stone Melville Elijah Stone was born at Hudson, Illinois, August 22, 1848, and died in New York, February 1 5, 1929. He was elected to the Hall October 3, 1929 — Election 8. Due to the itinerant life of his father, a preacher on an Illinois circuit, Stone's early education was irregular. It was acquired in the public schools of Nauvoo, Chicago, Kaneville. and Naperville. At 16 Stone became a reporter on The Chi- cago Tribune. In 1871 he was made managing editor of The Chicago Republican and a year later effected a consolidation between the Post and the Mail. In 1875 he started The Chicago Daily News and in 1881 The Morning News. In 1892 he accepted the post of general manager of the Associated Press of Illinois and when The Associated Press was reorganized in 1900 he was chosen as general manager and served in that capacity until 1921. From 1921 until his death he held the post of counsellor. After his death he was voted the title of a founder of The Associated Press. Honorary degrees were bestowed upon Mr. Stone by Yale, Wesleyan, Columbia, Middleburv and Knox. Among nearly a score of foreign decorations given to Mr. Stone by foreign governments are those of Japan, France, Italy, Belgium, Siam, Sweden, Russia, Ger- many and Poland. 655 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History John Waterbury Clinton John Waterbury Clinton was born at Andes, New York, November 21, 18 36, and died at Polo, Illinois, February 11, 1918. He was elected to the Hall October 3, 1929 — Election 9. He was educated in Andes and Roxbury academies in New York and after completing his studies he taught school for a time in that vicinity. He came west in 18 57 and was engaged to teach school near Polo. He taught in the neighborhood of Polo for seven years and then bought and began publishing the Polo Press, later called Ogle County Press, the Tri-County Press of today. He published this paper until 1901 when he sold the property and re- tired. He held a number of public offices in Polo and devoted much of his time to the welfare of his section of the state. He was widely known as an historian and when he retired in 1901 he devoted himself to col- lection of historical data. He was president of the Illinois Press Asso- ciation in 1884 and at that time forecast the development of professional schools of journalism. 656 Illinois Nevcspaim u Diiu< iory and History John Withnal Bailey John Withnal Bailey was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, October U, 1830, and died at Princeton, Illinois, May 22, 1903. He was elected to the Hall October 4, 1929 — Election 10. After a few years in the com- mon schools of Cincinnati John entered upon an apprenticeship in a job office at the age of thirteen. He became interested in writing short stories and sketches and obtained employment as a reporter on various dailies including that of his father. After experience with a Republican paper in Connersville, Indiana, the Tiffin, Ohio, Tribune, the Toledo Daily Commercial, and the Cincinnati Enquirer, Bailey spent a winter in Washington as a political correspondent. His decision to move west came after a severe illness in 1862. He purchased the Bureau Countv Republican and began to build it into a great newspaper. In a short time he was forced to enlarge it though he did not make a practice of selling either advertising or subscriptions. He worked on the theory that the paper should be made worth while editorially and the business side would, to some extent, take care of itself. His efforts were re- warded by the development of the largest circulation in the country weekly field. He was a charter member and one of the first presidents of the Illinois Press Association. h i inois Newspaper Dirf.ctoky and History Benjamin F. Shaw Benjamin F. Shaw, founder and pioneer editor of the Dixon Telegraph, was born in Waverly, New York, March 31, 1831. He died in Dixon on September 18, 1909. He was elected to the Hall on November 21, 1930 — Election 13. Prior to coming to Illinois in his teens Shaw lived on a farm in Bradford county, Pennsylvania. His first employment in the west was as a pony express rider carrying the mail from the Mississippi river to the interior of Iowa. He learned the work of the printer and country editor in Rock Island, Illinois, and then took up residence in Dixon. There he established on May 1, 18 J 1, the first paper in the settlement, the Dixon Telegraph and Lee County Herald. Shaw served first as editor and shortly after as editor and publisher. He sold the paper in 18 59 to join the gold rush converging on Pike's Peak, Colorado. In Denver a few months later he returned to the tasks of the press and worked on the first edition of the Rocky Mountain News as a printer. He returned to Lee county, Illinois, one year after his departure and purchased the Amboy Times. The next ten years he spent as editor of the Amboy paper, local and, in 1868, Washington correspondent for the Chicago Evening Journal, and local correspondent for the Chicago Tribune. In 1870 he re- purchased the Dixon Telegraph and from that time until his death, nearly forty years later, the Telegraph was his chief concern. Shaw served with Lincoln on various party com- mittees at the time of the launching of the Republican party in the State. He reported the Lincoln-Douglas debate at Freeport and had many other contacts with the Civil War president. Eugene Francis Baldwin Eugene Francis Baldwin, independent and fearless editor of central Illinois for half a century, was born in Watertown, Connecticut, on December 1, 1840. He died in Peoria on October 19, 1914. He was elected to the Hall on November 21, 1930 — Election 14. As a child Baldwin was precocious. The family moved to the middle west in 185S and he became a student in the Milwaukee high school in Wisconsin. In 1860, after completing his high school course, he taught school in Clinton county, Illinois, attended Bloomington State Normal for a time and then enlisted in Company B of the 12th Indiana Infantry at the beginning of the Civil War. Late in 1863 he was captured at Richmond and thrown into prison camp where his health was affected. He was discharged as an invalid and returned to resume his studies at Bloomington State Normal school. A few months later he took an appointment at Chillicothe, Illinois, as principal and from that post went to a teaching position in Peoria. In 186 5 he became "local" editor of the Peoria Transcript under Enoch Emery, one of the charter members of the Illinois Press Association. Baldwin served as a utility man for three years and was then made political editor. A year later he bought the El Paso Journal of Woodford county. He entered the Peoria field again in 18 70 with the Evening Review. Two years later he lost title to this paper and again took up his country newspaper, the El Paso Journal, after a few months on the Rock Island Union. In the country field he experimented with local editions for different counties and towns as early as 1S72. He published editions for Clinton, Piatt, LaSalle, and Marshall counties in the years following. In 1877 Baldwin renewed his attack on Peoria and launched the Peoria Evening Star. The paper took hold at once and within six months had a circulation of 20,000 a day. Baldwin became sole proprietor of the paper in 1902 and continued as editor-publisher until his death in 1914. He was also the author of numerous articles and pamphlets and a novel. 658 [llinois Newspaper Directory and History John Higgins Harrison John Higgins Harrison, grc.it editor of the Danville Commercial News, was born in Lebanon, Indiana, on November 20, 1867, and died at Miami Beach, Florida, on March 2, 1930. He was elected to the Hall March 3, 1931 — Election 15. He learned his first lesson as a student of the press when, as a boy, he worked on his father's paper, the Lebanon 1'ioneer. He attended public school in Lebanon and then spent six years at De Pauw University, Greencastle, Indiana, as an undergraduate and graduate student. Lor a time after his sophomore year in college he was a reporter on the Indianapolis Sentinel. His father later bought the Michigan City, Indiana, Dispatch, and gave him a half interest in it and he took up the task of managing that paper and later the other paper belonging to the family, in Lebanon. In 1891 he went to Galena, Kansas, for a short time to engage in a lead and zinc mining enterprise. He left this work to go to Chicago where he became reporter, telegraph editor and finally assistant editor of the Chicago Times and Mail and also worked as a reporter on the Chicago Tribune. While at work on the Chit ie,<> papers he took up publicity work and tor several seasons he acted as a press agent for the race tracks, and later directed the publicity of a major circus organization and a theatrical company. In 1897 he went to Danville and acquired part ownership of the Evening Commercial. By 1904 he was able to purchase an opposition paper, the News, anil in later years the Press and the Democrat. The Danville Commercial News emerged as the sole paper in the field in 1927, one of the outstanding papers in the State with a circulation of 2 5,000 copies daily. Harrison was widely known in public life and held a number of important positions under various governors. He was a philanthropist and public spirited man and he left the city of Danville its most valuable park and his alma mater a large share of a newspaper-built fortune of several million dollars. Eugene Field Eugene Field, reporter, editorial paragrapher, special writer, and poet, was born in St. Louis, September 3, 1850. He died in Chicago on November 4, 1895. He was elected to the Hall October 15, 1931 — Election 16. Early in life he was taken from St. Louis to the home of relatives in Amherst, Massachusetts, and it was in Amherst that he lived as a boy. He attended private schools and gained admission to Williams C nil.-. After a few months there he came to Illinois to enter Knox College at Galesburg tor i short time. He then went to the University of Missouri for a short time. His journalistic experience began in Galesburg. He worked on the Galesburg Register and then, in turn, as a reporter and editorial writer on the St. Louis Evening Journal, as a press agent tor Karl Schurz, who was campaigning for political office, as city editor of the St. Joseph, Missouri, Gazette, as managing editor of the Kansas City Times, and as managing editor and critic on the Denver Tribune. In 1SS3 he went to the Chicago Record, morning edition of the Chicago Daily News, as a reporter and special writer and the remaining years of his life he spent as a member of the Daily News staff. The writing that made him famous was a part of his contribution to the columns of the daily paper. 1 le died at the age of forty-five after twelve years in Chicago journalism. Horace V. White Horace V. White, notable early editor of the Chicago Tribune and the New York Evening Post, was born at Colebrook, New Hampshire, on August 10, IS 34. He died in New York City on September 17. 1916, and was elected to the Hall October 15, 19 31 — Election 17. Two years after the birth of White his parents moved west to Beloit, Wis- consin, and it was in Beloit that White spent his boyhood days. He entered Beloit college Illinois Newspaper Directory and History in 1849 and four years later he was graduated and took up journalism as his life work. He started his career in Chicago as a sub editor on the Chicago Evening Journal and after a brief experience in reporting and desk work left the paper to become agent for the old Associated Press. This work held him but a short time and he resigned to become an editorial writer and special assignment man on the Chicago Tribune. He covered the Lincoln-Douglas debates for the Tribune in a notable way and was later appointed Wash- ington correspondent during the Civil War. In 1864 he bought John Locke Scripps' inter- est in the Tribune and became editor-in-chief. Ten years later he resigned because of ill health and went to Europe to recuperate. On his return he associated himself with Henry Villard in a railroad enterprise and a few years later joined him in his newspaper enter- prises. White bought an interest in the New York Evening Post, a Villard property at the time, and became an associate editor under Edwin Lawrence Godkin. On retire- ment of Godkin in 1899 he became editor-in-chief. He was editor for four years and then became editor emeritus. White was a man of intellectual power, an authority on finance and politics, a translator of several books from the Latin and Greek, and biographer as well as a reporter and editor of note. Whitelaw Reid, Murat Halsted, and Horace V. White were known as the triumvirate in politics, successors in a popular sense to the prestige once held by the Seward-Weed-Greeley ring. Charles Wesley Bliss Charles Wesley Bliss, the "Sage of Hillsboro," widely known and forceful editor of the Montgomery County News, was born February 8, 1848, on a farm near Fillmore, Illinois, and died October 22, 1931, at his home in Hillsboro, Illinois. He was elected to the Hall November 11, 1932 — Election 18. His boyhood was spent on the farm and it was there he had his early schooling. He entered McKendree college after a period of preparatory study and was graduated with the degree of bachelor of arts in 1869. His alma mater later conferred on him the honorary degree of doctor of laws (1931). Before graduation, while teaching school in Johnson county in 1868, he, with his roommate at college, O. A. Harker, bought a small paper, the Vienna Times, renamed it the Egyptian Artery and became reporter-editor for a few months. He did not enter upon a career seriously at that time. Bliss then decided to return to college and sold his interest to Harker. After graduation he again took up teaching for a time and conducted a school near Hardin, Illinois. His next venture was in the reading and study of law. He was admitted to the bar after an examination held in Belleville in 1871. He established a law office at Hillsboro and shortly afterward began to contribute to the local papers, writing occasional articles and editorials. In 18 92 the Hillsboro Montgomery County News was offered for sale and Bliss bought it. He entered upon the tasks of editor-publisher at rhe age of forty-four after many years experience as a contributor and adviser and a brief service as an editor-owner. He devoted the next thirty-nine years to his work as an editor and public servant and won a reputation as an outstanding country editor and student of public affairs. The first public office held by Mr. Bliss was that of city attorney of Hills- boro, to which he was elected at the age of twenty-six. He later served two terms as Master in Chancery, was a member of the Hillsboro Board of Education, a trustee of Southern Illinois college, a member of the county board, director of the local national bank and building association. He was president of the Illinois Press Association in 1902-03 and delegate to the Democratic National conventions in 1896, 1912, and 1916. As senior editor of the News, Mr. Bliss was active in journalism until the last days of his life. He attended meetings of the Illinois Press Association regularly and presided at the annual meetings on several occasions after his eightieth year. 660 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Names to be Acted on in 1934 Thomas S. Rees Thomas S. Rees was born in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, May 13, 1860. He died in Springfield, Illinois, Saturday, September 8, 193 3. From Pennsylvania his parents moved to Iowa while he was still an infant. Though his father was a well known publisher, Thomas had little opportunity to learn in the family plant because his father died when he was nine years old and when he was thirteen he was sent to Keokuk, Iowa, to live with an older brother. In his brother's printing office at Keokuk he learned the printer's trade. At the age of nineteen he left Keokuk for two years and extended his knowledge of the world bv traveling and working in a number of states. He then returnd to Keokuk and went into partnership with Henry Clendenin and George Smith in the purchase and conduct of the Keokuk Constitution. In 1881 the three men sold this paper in Keokuk and bought the Illinois State Register in Springfield. Mr. Rees became business manager and Mr. Clendenin editor and Mr. Smith directed the mechanical production of the plant. Four years later Smith died and Clendenin and Rees became the joint owners. Mr. Clendenin died in 1927 leaving Mr. Rees as publisher and editor. The business man- agement was placed in the hands of George M. Clendenin, a son of the elder Clendenin. Mr. Rees was active in editorial affairs from an early date. He served as president of the Illinois Press Association in 1891 and was a charter member of the Associated Press in 1900 and a member of the advisory committee of the association in 1915. On many occasions he was a representative at national press meetings. He served one term in the State Senate of Illinois and introduced the first hard roads bill in the State. As an editor and publisher he exerted a fine influence. He lived to be a newspaper publisher tor fifty-seven years and head of the State Register organization for fifty-two years. At the time of his death he was the oldest active daily newspaper publisher in America. Matthew Duncan Matthew Duncan, founder and first editor of the Illinois Herald, brought out his first number of that paper in 1814, four years before Illinois became a State. The paper was a weekly and was published by Duncan at Kaskaskia, then the territorial capital and the largest city in the Illinois area. Duncan continued as proprietor and editor of the paper until 1817 when he sold his plant and paper to Daniel P. Cook and Robert Blackwell. Under him the publication was a creditable one and he fought bravelv against hardship and difficulty of pioneer days to bring it out regularly and make it worth while for the readers. Duncan not only published the first newspaper in Illinois but the first pamphlet (1814) and the first book, Volume 1 of Pope's Digest (1815). He was a graduate of Yale University and a brother of Joseph Duncan, sixth governor of the State. He w as born in Paris, Bourbon county, Kentucky, of Scotch-Irish ancestry. His father. Major Duncan, died in 1806 and Mathew left home to attend Yale in the same year. He was graduated in 1810 and took up residence again in Kentucky, assuming editorship of The Mirror, a Russellville paper. He left this paper to become editor of the Farmer's Friend, another Russellville publication. Ninian Edwards, one of Duncan's friends, preceded Duncan to Illinois territory. He secured Duncan's appointment as territorial printer, justice of the peace for Kaskaskia county, and recorder of the county. His paper thus came to have a semi-official character, as he was an official of the territory with a monopoly on all publication work. In addition to his work for the territory he did some printing of laws of the United States for which he was paid liberally. After disposing of his new s- paper property and his printing plant in 1817 Duncan took up residence in fackson county. He engaged in business, manufacturing, and army service during the years that Illinois Newspaper Directory and History followed. There is a record of his service as a captain of Rangers in 1832 and as a captain of the First Dragoons in 183 3. He resigned from the army after four years of service. During the latter years of his life he lived in Shelbyville, Illinois. He died in 1844 survived by his widow and one son, Thomas Duncan, who was later to become a general in the regular army. In Duncan we see a pioneer of exceptional ability and education, and of a family notable in the records of the State, who left his impress upon the early life of the State and upon the story of the press in Illinois. He was an editor rather than a printer and he was, during the time he devoted to journalism, the editor of three newspapers and of many other publications. Henry L. Eddy Henry L. Eddy, pioneer editor and lawyer, started the Shawnee Chief, second paper in the state, in the same year that Illinois was admitted as a State of the Union, 1818. In that early newspaper enterprise he was associated with Singleton H. Kimmel, a graduate of the composing room and an able journalist. Kimmel severed his connection with the paper in 1820 and Eddy took James Hall, later the founder of the first magazine in the State, as partner. Under Eddy and Kimmel the Chief was lively and vigorous; under Eddy and Hall it was the best edited paper within several hundred miles. Eddy paralleled his career as a journalist with work in the legal profession and he came to be known as one of the best informed lawyers in the State. In his later years he was recognized as the most thoroughly read member of the bar. His services in journalism and law led to various public offices and he became in turn a member of the Second General Assembly, a presidential elector, circuit attorney, quartermaster general of Illinois militia, and judge of the third circuit. He died at the age of 5 1 while serving for a second time in the General Assembly. Eddy's connection with journalism covered the period from 1818 to 1826. The press on which the paper was printed was the property of Eddy and had been brought by him to Shawneetown. He arrived by boat, according to generally credited accounts, on his way down the Ohio river to another location. The residents of Shawnee- town prevailed on him to stop there and establish a paper. "As the scow containing his press was stuck on a bar" he decided to accept and thus cast his lot first with Shawneetown rather than some other settlement. His paper is credited with being the first in southern Illinois. Eddy's eight years as publisher and editor of the Shawnee Chief were important and the paper was, until it fell into other hands, a creditable piece of work. Eddy con- tributed to publications other than his own and had a reputation as a writer that out- lasted his years as an active editor-publisher. His career before his arrival at Shawneetown is of interest. He was born in Pittsrield, Vermont, in 1798 of Puritan stock, followers of Roger Williams. His father, Nathan Eddy, was in the defense of Bennington during the Revolutionary War. Henry lived in New York State as a boy and attended a boy's school in Buffalo. He enlisted at sixteen and was wounded at the battle of Black Rock while serving in a New York regiment during the War of 1812. He made his way to Pittsburgh later and found employment in a printing office. While there he attended night school and did considerable reading in English and French. Fnially he entered a law office and began reading law. An interest in Illinois' efforts to enter the Union as a free state brought about his eventful voyage down the Ohio river to Shawneetown. Hooper Warren Hooper Warren, founder and first editor of the third paper in Illinois, published the first edition of the Edwardsville Spectator in 1819. It was the first paper in Madison county as well as the third in the State. Associated with Warren in the enterprise was George Churchill, another early Illinois journalist-printer. The latter's connection with Illinois Ni.wspaper Directory and History the Spectator, however, ended toward the close of the first year of publication. In 182 5 Warren sold the paper but it tell again into his hands in 1827. He transferred his plant and paper to Springfield, the new capital, and brought out the Sangamo Spectator. Thus the Edwardsville paper became the parent of the first paper published in Springfield. In 1829 Warren gave up his connection with the Spectator and moved to Galena where he established the Galena Advertiser and Upper Mississippi Herald. The paper had the finan- cial backing of Ninian Edwards but dissension among its contributing editors led to its decline and it was abandoned after the first year. Warren next moved to Hennepin, Illinois, where he resided for five years and where he held the offices of Clerk of the Circuit Court, clerk of the County Commissioners Court, Justice of the Peace, and Recorder of Deeds. In 1836 he went to Chicago and started the Commercial Advertiser (October 11, 1837). This was a strong liberty paper and was the third newspaper in Chicago. Warren removed his plant to Lowell, LaSalle county, after a brief experience with publication problems in Chicago and began a paper called the Genius of Universal Emancipation. This paper made way in 1840 for the Genius of Liberty, which W'arren published with the aid of Zebina Eastman and Benjamin Lundy. In 1842 this paper was moved to Chicago and became the Western Citizen. In 18 50 Warren moved to Princeton, Bureau county, and edited the Bureau Advocate and, in 1851, the Bureau Post. In 1856 he retired to his farm in Henry, Illinois, and he died eight years later at the age of seventy-four. Warren was widely known and respected and was a great force in the battle to keep Illinois free from slavery. More than forty years of his life were devoted to journalism. The leading figures of his day followed his advice or felt the necessity of replying to him through the columns of the newspapers. Warren was another of the easterners who sought to build careers in the new west. He was born in Walpole, New Hampshire, and passed the formative periods of his life in New England. He attended school in Vermont and served an apprenticeship in the offices of the Rutland, Vermont, Herald. He then struck out for himself and after working on a paper in Maryland, and on a paper in Frankfort, Kentucky, he made his way to St. Louis, and found a place on the old Missouri Gazette. I [e worked for several years at the case, contenting himself with writing anonymously on public and political questions at odd times. His writings attracted the attention of leading statesmen in Missouri and called forth replies from men of reputation and ability. Encouraged by the success of his writings he left St. Louis to make liis way in the new State of Illinois. James Hai.l James Hall, founder and first editor of the first magazine in Illinois, published the first issue of the celebrated Illinois Monthly Magazine in 1S30 at Yandalia. The magazine at once took rank with the best periodicals in the east and reflected credit on the State and on its founder. Hall was notable, also, as an early editor of the Illinois Gazette of Shawneetown, and of the Illinois Intelligencer, as the first Illinois newspaper was called after being moved to Vandalia. Under his editorship the Gazette from 1820-22 and the Intelligencer from 1829-32 were the "most perfectly edited" papers in the State. He also published the Western Souvenir, .m elaborate volume of a type then in vogue, and wrote a number of articles for eastern publications that established a high standard for con- tributions from the west. In 183 3 Hall left Illinois and located in Cincinnati where he continued his magazine work and writing for a number of years. He was the author of several volumes including a Biography of the Indians of North America, Tales of the Border, Sketches of the West and Statistic; of the West. His removal from the State made it necessary that he change the name of his magazine and he called it thereafter the Western Monthly Magazine. While he was in Illinois, Hall served a term as State Treas- urer. He established a connection with a bankin ; house in Cincinnati when he took up 66 3 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History residence there. He became president of the Commercial bank of Cincinnati in 18 53 and continued as an officer until the time of his death. He came from a distinguished family in Philadelphia, the family that took over the famous Port Folio magazine established by Joseph Dennie. His father was United States Marshal for the District of Pennsylvania, his mother was a daughter of the provost of the University of Pennsylvania and a writer of distinction, one brother was manager of the Port Folio and editor of the Philadelphia Sun; another brother was editor of the Port Folio, and a third brother was a magazine writer, contributing verse, and articles on scientific subjects, to various periodicals. James studied law in the east but gave it up to enter the army as a- volunteer. He was com- missioned a second lieutenant of Artillery and saw service on the frontier. He was recog- nized after the battle of Lundy's Lane and the defense of Fort Erie as having rendered "brave and meritorious service." In 1815 he saw active duty in the flareup with Algeria, a service which took him to the Mediterranean. He was stationed at Newport, Rhode Island, on his return. In 1818 he resigned from the army and gave up a commission as first lieutenant of ordnance. He turned again to the study of law for a time and took up residence in Pittsburgh. He then set out for the west, in 1820, and located in Shawnee- town, Illinois. In Illinois he practiced journalism and law and took a turn at public office. He was public prosecutor for a circuit of ten counties for four years, judge of the circuit court for three years, state treasurer for four years. His first newspaper experience was with the Illinois Gazette of Shawneetown, as the second paper established in Illinois was known in 1820. John B. Calhoun John B. Calhoun, publisher of Chicago's first newspaper, the Chicago Democrat, was engaged in journalism and printing from the age of sixteen to twenty-eight. He founded the Democrat in 183 3 and retained control of it for three years. In 1836 it passed to "Long John" Wentworth, a significant figure in the early days of the city. Under Calhoun the Democrat was a commendable enterprise though it had to suspend publication several times when paper and supplies failed to arrive. Its typographical appearance was above the average at the time though it was operating with very limited resources and a good showing was next to impossible. The Chicago that Calhoun and the infant Democrat knew was a strange one. It was a newly incorporated village consisting of but 78 build- ings and 300 persons and had hardly been heard of in the Illinois "cities" of the day, Kaskaskia, Vandalia, Shawneetown, and Edwardsville. But it was a village of amazing energy and in the expenditure and direction of that energy the Democrat and its twenty- five-year-old editor had a significant part. Calhoun gave up work in journalism when he sold the Democrat, no doubt influenced by failing health and the difficulty of getting paper and equipment, and the necessity of letting months elapse without publishing an issue. He turned to public service and business pursuits and finally, in 1851, took a posi- tion with the Illinois Central Railroad as a branch treasurer. His superior officers in the railroad company and his associates elsewhere pronounced him a competent, faithful, reliable, scrupulously honest man. He died in IS 59. Calhoun came to Illinois from New York. He was born in 1808 at Watertown in that state. His parents were Ameri- cans of English extraction. He received little schooling and entered on an apprenticeship at the age of sixteen in a Watertown printing office. In 1829 Calhoun went to Albany, tried newspaper work for a short time and then took employment with a typefounder's company. He left after a brief experience and went to Troy, New York, where he worked for three months on a city directory. He then spent a few weeks at Oswego, New York, at a printing office. The wanderlust at last subsiding, he brought his travels to an end and returned to Watertown. There he opened a printing office of his own, later merging with his former employer in that city. One result of the merger was publication of a 664 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History paper called the Freeman, an organ of pronounced Democratic principles. The partner- ship was dissolved in 1832 and Calhoun again set up a plant of his own in Watertown and began publication of the Watertown Eagle. He found that he had insufficient capital to finance the paper and sold it to .\n Alvin Hunt who continued it with success for many years. A friend returning from Chicago in 183 3 painted the place in such glowing terms that Calhoun decided to make it his home. Accordingly, he put his house in order and started on the long trip, taking with him his printing presses and small supply of type. His success in the city of his adoption led to appointment as county treasurer, later county collector; the city and county left him little time for private enterprise during the first six years after his sale of the Democrat. His subsequent activities were dictated by the condition of his health. Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Qeneral Section Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin (1702-1790), one of the first great colonial editors and the most celebrated country journalist in the history of American journalism, was born, educated, apprenticed as a printer, and disciplined in editorial work in Boston. With his older brother James he worked on the paper started to supplant the first regular paper in that city, Postmaster John Campbell's Boston News Letter. He helped print the Boston Gazette of William Brooker. James was the printer and Benjamin his assistant. Then came the New England Courant started by James Franklin and on that paper Franklin completed his apprenticeship, began his work as an editorial contributor under the name of Silas Dogood, and did emergency duty as editor when James was in the bad graces of the government. Franklin left Boston in 1723, at the age of seventeen. His next years were spent in Philadelphia and in London, England, where he engaged in printing and writing for the newspapers. In 1730 he became owner of the Pennsylvania Gazette in Philadelphia. From that time until 1848 he was sole proprietor of the paper and after that date he was senior partner in the publishing company writing at such times as he saw fit. Franklin's name is linked with papers in New York, Newport, Lancaster, Charleston, Kingston, Jamaica, and Antigua, in which places he financed country weeklies staffed largely with men from his Philadelphia plant. His enterprise in this direction led to his Philadelphia paper being known as the first "school of journalism" and his papers being considered as the first newspaper chain. His Philadelphia General Magazine, 1741, was prevented from being the first American magazine when his designs became known and a rival, the American, went on sale three days earlier than his own. Both magazines were dated January. Franklin's lasted six months, the rival's but three. Franklin's eminence in litera- ture, science, and politics reflected new dignity on the printer-journalist, and his power as an editor made him a notable figure in the molding of sentiment before, during, and after the Revolution. Honorary degrees were conferred on him by the greatest colleges and universities, including Harvard, Yale, William and Mary, Edinburgh, and Oxford. In many respects he was the most notable figure of his time. Franklin was elected to the Hall, November 21, 1930 — Election 1. Horace Greeley Horace Greeley (1811-1872), greatest of the personal editors and the dominant figure in the journalism of the United States from 1840 to 1860, was born in Vermont and served an apprenticeship as a printer on a country newspaper, the Northern Spectator of East Poultney, Vermont. He later worked as a printer in Jamestown, New York; Lodi, New York; and Erie, Pennsylvania. In 1831, twenty years of age, he made his wav to New York City and secured editorial work after a brief experience as a printer and partner in a small printing establishment. His big chance came with the founding of the New Yorker in 1834. The paper failed, and Greeley accepted the editorship of the Jeffersonian, a Whig campaign paper. The offer was made to him by Thurlow Weed and William H. Seward, who liked some writing he had done for the Daily Whig. Thus the Seward- Weed-Greeley ring came into existence. In 1840 Whig leaders started another weekly, the Log Cabin, and Greeley became its editor. During the campaign the paper Illinois \i\\M'\i'iK Directors \m> IIimiho achieved a circulation of 90,000 and after the election it was continued until merged with the New Yorker in the new Whig daily, the New York Tribune, which Greeley started as a popular penny paper in 1841. The Tribune set a new standard in American journalism by its combination of energy in news gathering with good taste, high moral standards, and intellectual appeal. Dissension in the Sew ard-Weed-Greeley ring prevented the nomination of Governor Seward at the Republican convention in 1860 and opened the way for nomination of Abraham Lincoln. Greeley began to fail after repeated rebuffs bv his former associates and his achievements after 1862 were largely due to the strength he had built in earlier years. His Prayer of Twenty Million,, an editorial in the Tribune directed at Lincoln and urging the emancipation of the slaves, drew a response from the president and was followed so closely by the freeing of the slaves that it was generally credited with exerting great influence. Greeley was a protest candidate for president in 1872 but carried only six states. The success of the Tribune brought about enlargement of its staff and the editor eventually became a cog in the machine and exerted less influence as a writer and dictator of values. Greeley's name was still one to conjure with at the time of his death, however, and his funeral, in New York, was attended by the president and \ ice president of the United States, by cabinet members, governors of three nates, and an unequaled concourse of spectators. In him the nation honored the greatest editor it had known. Greeley was elected to the Hall November 21, 1930 — Election 2. Henry Jarvis Raymond Henry Jarvis Raymond (1820-1869), the founder and first great editor of the New York Times, plunged into politics and journalism immediately after graduation from the University of Vermont. After the Tippecanoe and Tyler Too campaign he went to work on Greeley's literary New Yorker. When Greeley started the New York Tribune in 1841 he made Raymond, then only twenty-one, the assistant editor. Meanwhile Raymond had been elected state assemblyman and in 1841 he was made speaker of the state assembly. In 1843 he left Greeley and became associate editor of Colonel James Watson Webb's New York Courier and Enquirer. From that post he frequently engaged Greeley in editorial debate and proved his strength by getting the best of more than un; controversy. He joined the Courier and Enquirer staff in 1843 and was made editor three years later. The New York Times was planned at Albany, New York where Raymond encountered a friend of business experience with the capital necessary for a dailv paper venture. The meeting in Albany was the result of Raymond's participation in state politics and took place while he was serving as speaker in 1S43. The Times was not launched, however, until 185 1 when it made its appearance as a four-page, six column, penny paper. The high merits of the paper at once won it a place in the New York held. Raymond con- tinued to take an interest in politics and served one term as lieutenant governor of New- York and one term in Congress. He was chairman of the Republican National Committee which directed the campaign that reelected Lincoln in 1S64. Raymond died suddenly in 1869 when the Times was at a high point in excellence and influence and had multiplied ten times in value under his editorship. He was elected to the Hall November 21, 1930 — Election 3. John Thaddeus Delane John Thaddeus Delane (1817-1879), great editor of the London, England, Times, was educated at King's college, London, and Magdalen college, Oxford. As a college undergraduate he wrote articles for London papers. He was graduated from Oxford in 1839 and went to work on the Times in 1840. When Thomas Barnes, editor of the Times. died in 1841, the 24-year-old Delane became editor. For 36 years from 1841 to 1877, he Illinois Newspaper Directory and History directed the brilliant array of writers he attracted to the paper and the influence of the Times became incalculable. His close and careful supervision over the Times' publication of foreign news gave it a reputation for veracity and cosmopolitan scope. An example of Delane's policy may be cited. In 1875 Blowitz sent word that Bismarck contemplated a fresh attack on France. Delane sent a correspondent to Paris to substantiate the report, holding back the news for a fortnight to make sure of its accuracy. Through intimacy with statesmen of high rank, he secured state and diplomatic news. So important were his constant scoops on matters of this sort, that no politician of his day could disregard the Times' editorials and leading articles, as in them they might barn the news even before it was officially announced. In 1845 the Times organized its own news express from the East to London and beat the mails by 14 days. Although Delane was politically a Con- servative, he was impartial in his treatment of news and set up a tradition of independence in reporting governmental affairs. Under his fearless and progressive editorship, the Times achieved world renown as "The Thunderer" and became an enormous power in England. Delane was elected to the Hall November 21, 1930 — Election 4. Theophraste Renaudot Theophraste Renaudot (1586-1653), founder of the first significant French news- paper and father of modern advertising, was a surgeon educated in Paris. He received the degree of doctor at the age of nineteen. After a brief period spent in travel he began to practice surgery in his native town of Loudon (Viennc). In 1612 he was summoned to Paris by Richelieu and was given the title of physician and councillor to the king and commissioned to organize a scheme for extending the benefits of medicine and surgery to the poor. Because of difficulties placed in his way he gave up the public dispensary project and went to Poitou where Richelieu made him a commissary general to the poor. In 1642 he returned to Paris and undertook a relief news letter, and advertising program there. In 1630 he opened an information and employment bureau in Paris in which advertising was the chief instrument of operation. The following year (1631) he founded La Gazette, a journal which later took the name of La Gazette de France. The paper was started under the protection of Richelieu, and the great Cardinal and his King, Louis XIII, were among the contributors and informants during the early years of its publication. Richelieu sent to Renaudot authentic diplomatic and military news for the benefit of the Gazette. Dr. Renaudot made his weekly paper an honest, scrupulously accurate, sedate publication devoted to domestic and foreign news and comment and advertising. He also edited a paper called the Mercure Francais. After the death of Richelieu he lost favor for a time but continued his Gazette and in 1646 was appointed by Mazarin as Histor- iographer to the King. He was elected to the Hall November 21, 1930 — Election 5. William Rockhill Nelson William Rockhill Nelson (1841-1915), founder and distinguished editor of the Kansas City Star, was born March 7, 1841 at Fort Wayne, Indiana. He was sent to Notre Dame as an academy student and later took up the study of law. At 3 5 he had amassed a modest fortune of $200,000 in business and contract projects after the Civil War. His money was suddenly swept away in a Georgia cotton market upset and he found himself with the Fort Wayne Sentinel as his only valuable possession. For several years he ran the Sentinel and then decided to start a paper in Kansas City. On September 18, 18 80 he started the Kansas City Star in partnership with S. E. Morse. The first issue was a four-page six column paper. In 1881 Nelson became sole owner. The paper grew tre- mendously under him and achieved a reputation as a fearless, far sighted, well conducted daily. It was said of Nelson that he found Kansas City mud and made it marble. Without Illinois \i\w\per Directory and History resorting to sensationalism he conducted .1 vigorous, clean, crusading, dignified papei sponsoring civic improvements, political reforms, and social, artistic, and economic bene- fits for the people. He was elected to the Hall on October 15, 1931 — -Election 6. Joseph Pulitzer Joseph Pulitzer (1847-1911), notable editor-publisher of the New York World and the St. Louis Post Dispatch and founder of the Columbia University School of Journalism, was born April 10, 1847 in Mako, Hungary. He was educated in private schools and by tutors until he was seventeen years old. He came to America in his seventeenth year, after the death of his father. In America he sought to enlist in the Union army and was finally accepted tlnugh 1 is eyesight was poor. He deserted, re-enlisted, and finished out the war. He then went to St. Louis and became a reporter on the German language Westliche Post under Carl Schurz. He was given greater responsibilities on the Post as he advanced in experience. In 1869 he was elected to the Missouri legislature. In 1S~4 he acquired the Staats Zeitung, in 1878 the Dispatch, which he consolidated with the Post, and in 1883 he bought the New York World. Pulitzer injected new life into the New York paper and it became a great daily and the outstanding example of colorful crusading journalism. Pulitzer retired from active control of the World in 1888 but maintained direction of its policies from his yacht, however, and was a keen critic of its daily editions. He left a million dollars to the Columbia School of Journalism which was authorized in 1904 on lines proposed by him. The school opened its doors in 1912, one year after Pulitzer's death. He was elected to the Hall on October 15, 1931 — Election 7. Henry Woodfix Grady Henry Woodfin Grady (1850-1899), southern journalist, orator, and one-time editor of the Atlanta Constitution, was born April 24, 18 50 at Athens, Georgia. He was grad- uated from the University of Georgia and took post graduate work at the University oi Virginh. He ventured in:o journa'ism as editor of the Rome Courier after a short expe- rience and a few months later acouired control of the Rome Commercial. In 1871 he was named Atlanta correspondent of the New York Herald. His series of letters on the resources of the state and on reconstruction in the south were notable. In 18 80 he purchased a fourth interest in the Atlanta Constitution and became editor of that paper. He continued as editor of the Constitution until his death 19 years later. Grady was the first man elected to the Georgia Editors' Hall of lame and ranks with Henry W'atterson as a leader of southern sentiment and action in the age of personal journalism. His name is memorialized by the University of Georgia which established the Henry W. Grady School of Journalism in his honor. He was elected to the Hall on October 15, 1931 — Election 8. Samuel Bowles II Samuel Bowles II (1826-1878), initiated and conducted for thirty years the first great daily published in a small town in the United States. He was born at Springfield. Massachusetts, February 9, 1826 and after attending Springfield schools until he was 13 he entered his father's office as an apprentice. His ambition to attend college was never realized but he had the background of study in a Springfield academy and at home. In 1844 Samuel Bowles the elder turned his paper, the weekly Republican, into a daily and made his son the editor. The development of the paper and the development of the son's influence soon assumed extraordinary proportions. As a small town editor Bowles, Jr.. came to have more power and a greater following than many a New York or Boston editor Illinois Ne\/spaper Directory and History had. His paper attracted capable writers and in 1856 it earned from the New York Tribune the tribute "the best and ablest country journal ever published on this continent." Bowles declined appointment to the editorship of papers in New York and Boston to continue his career as a small town editor. He was active in politics and took a firm stand on issues of the day but did not wish public office and declined nominations and appoint- ments in the belief that by so doing he could be more independent in his work as an editor. He died January 16, 1878. Under him the Republican became known as a first class school of Journalism and many able reporters and editors served their cub days under the direction of its staff. He was elected to the Hall October 15, 193 1 — Election 9. Charles Dickens Charles Dickens (1812-1870), reporter, special correspondent, and newspaper and magazine editor, was born February 7, IS 12, in Portsea, England. The family later moved to London, Kent, and Chatham. Dickens was apprenticed to a lawyer when in his teens and took up the study of shorthand in his spare time. He secured his first journalistic experience as a parliamentary reporter for the London True Sun in 1831 and within a few weeks of his undertaking the work was rated by his fellow-workers as a reporter of high merit. The reporters on the paper named him as their spokesman in his second year on the staff when they struck to secure a raise in wages. In 183 3 he left the True Sun and joined the Mirror of Parliament. In 183 5 he joined the staff of the Morning Chronicle. During the first six years of his newspaper experience his work as a reporter took him into every part of London and among all kinds of people. In 1837 he became editor of Bentley's Miscellany, a magazine in which Oliver Twist first appeared as a Serial. He left this publication to start a weekly of his own. Master Humphrey's Clock. He gave up hi^ connections with the press in 1842 to tour America. In 1846 he returned to journalism as editor of the London Daily News. He began a popular weakly in 18 50 under the title Household Words, and after its success was established he brought out another paper All the Year Round, which appeared in 18 59. He was an energetic editor but the work did much to break down his health because of his other activities and writings. He died In 1870, a reporter to the ages. He was elected to the Hall October 15, 1931 — Election 10. Charles Anderson Dana Charles Anderson Dana (1819-1897), great editor of the New York Sun and the Chicago Republican, was born August 8, 1819, in Hinsdale, New Hampshire. He re- ceived primary school training in Gaines, New York, and following a period of clerking in a general store and home study he entered Harvard. After two years of college study he taught school for a short time and then, in 1841, he entered Brook Farm, an experi- mental venture in community living, where he served as a worker and as editor of the community paper the Harbinger. He stayed there five years, working on the farm by day and writing for magazines and his paper in the evenings. In 1846 he left the Rox- bury, Massachusetts, colony and became city editor of the New York Tribune after a short period as a reporter. There he served under Horace Greeley until 1862, a part of the time as managing editor. He then accepted appointment as assistant secretary of war and later as a confidential agent for President Lincoln. His connection with Illinois journalism came after the Civil War when he was editor of the Chicago Republican for a short time. He returned to New York and bought the New York Sun in 1869. For nearly thirty years he was editor of the Sun and under him it came to be known as the Illinois Newspaper Directory and History newspaperman's p.ipcr. He died in 1897. Dana is generally known as the father of the modern human interest news story. He was elected to the Hall, October 15, 1931 — Election 11. Harvey Whitefield Scott Harvey Whitefield Scott (1838-1910), great editor of the west coast, was born in Tazewell Count). Illinois, February 1, 1838 and died at Baltimore, Maryland, August 7, 1910. Like E. W. Scripps he lived on an Illinois farm until his fourteenth year. Then, with his family, he took part in the westward movement to the Oregon country, lor a short time he attended school at Amity, and at Puget Sound. In 18 56 he entered Pacific University and supported himself by occasional work at woodcutting, team driving, and school teaching until he was graduated in 1863. He entered upon the study of law and worked as a librarian in the Portland library until he was drawn into journalism .:s an editorial contributor. His first connection came in 1865 and led to his being em- ployed as an editorial writer. He became editor of the Portland Oregonian a short time later and served that paper for forty years directing it in the course that gave it a national reputation as the leading conservative daily of the west. Mr. Scott was ad- mitted to the bar in 1865, the year that he gave up law to devote his life to journalism. Scott is generally ranked with the great editors of the east because of his high standards and his achievement in giving a new section of the country a paper of the highest quality- He died in 1910. active in the direction of his paper until the last. He rejected manv honors but served as president of the Oregon Historical Society, president of the Lewis and Clark exposition, and director of the Associated Pass. He was offered the ambassa- dorship to Mexico by President Taft and another ambassadorship by President Roosevelt Both of these posts he declined, preferring to devote his energies to his paper. He was elected to the Hall on October 15, 1931 — Election 12. Edwin I aw re.vce Godkix Edwin Lawrence Codkin (1831-1902), founder of the Xation and notable editor of the New York Evening Post, was born in Ireland and educated at Queen's college. Belfast. He was a reporter and war correspondent for the London Daily News from 1853 to 185 5 and then returned to Belfast for a time to write editorials for the Northern Whig of that city. He came to America in 1856 and wrote articles about New York, the south and the west tor the London Daily News. In 1861 he became an editorial writer for the New York Times and in 1863 undertook plans for an American paper modelled on the Eng'ish Spectator and Saturday Review plan. The Nation was the outgrowth of his plan. It was established in 1865 and immediatelv found for itself a high place in the regard of discriminating readers. It was the "weeklv dav of judgment" in newspaper offices and in the homes of its subscribers. In 1881 he sold the Nation to Henrv Villard and entered Villard's employ as editor of the New York Evening Post. The Nation became a reflection of the Post for some years, and by that token a reflection of its old chief, Godkin. In 1899 Godkin retired from active direction of the Post and was given the title of editor emeritus. He continued to write for the press occasionally until the vear of his death in 1902. He was elected to the Hall November 11. 1932 — Election 1 3. 671 Illinois Newspaper Directory and History Maximilian Felix Ernst Harden Maximilian Felix Ernst Harden (1861-1927), founder and for many years dis- tinguished editor of the German weekly, Die Zukunst (The Future), was born in Berlin and educated in the French Gymnasium of that city. He then entered upon a career in journalism, first attracting attention by his political attacks under the pen name of Apostata. In 1892 he founded Die Zukunst in Berlin and in it, with bitter satire and invective he began to point out the evils of the court, the government, and German society. His paper was soon the most feared of all German publications by the ruling classes. Harden showed himself as bitterly opposed to the war when Germany marched against France in 1914. Many editions of his paper were confiscated or suppressed by the government during the war. Harden was as independent as he was fearless. He wrote of Bolshevism and Socialism as bitterly as of German Imperialism and the mistakes of Capitalism. At all times he was a fearless critic of the German High Command and when the German revolutionary government was set up at the close of the war he spared neither it nor the succeeding administrations. His writing and publications were a constant illustration of high motives and fine courage. On many occasions he was able to make his point of view prevail and to force the parties he attacked to give way before the court of public opinion. He was elected to the Hall on November 11, 1932 — Election 14. Henry Watterson Henry Watterson (1840-1921), last of the great personal journalists and great editor of the Louisville Courier-Journal, spanned the period from the beginning of the Civil War to the days following the World War. In the sweep of years from 1865 to 1914 he was a dominant figure in the journalism of the South and the Reconstruction. His journalistic career began in 18 59 on the Washington Union, was interrupted by war service in the Confederate army, and was resumed with editorship of the Rebel, at Chattanooga. After the end of the war he went to the Cincinnati Times, then to the Republican Banner at Nashville, and at last to the Louisville Journal, which he soon consolidated with the Courier. The Louisville paper was "Marse Henry" from 1868 until his death in 1921. He was elected to the Hall November 11, 1932 — Election 15. Samuel Langhorne Clemens Samuel Langhorne Clemens (183 5-1910), great reporter of the American sc;ne and American manners, made his first contact with journalism at the age of twelve years when he was apprenticed to the editor of a country weekly, the Missouri Gazette, in Hannibal, Missouri. He learned the printer's trade and the routine of the country paper and toward the end of his third year of apprenticeship went to a rival paper, the Hannibal Journal. He contributed to the editorial columns of both Hannibal papers and filled in as editor of the Journal from time to time. Then followed a period of fifteen months of travel as a journeyman printer, in which he worked for the St. Louis Evening News, the Philadelphia Inquirer and Ledger, and other papers, and wrote occasional news and travel letters and minor pieces for various publications. He was for several years a reporter of local news on Nevada and California newspapers, covered the first meetings of the Nevada state legislature for the Virginia City Enterprise of that state in 186 3 and 1864; was a local reporter on the San Francisco Call, Pacific Islands correspondent for the Sacramento Union, a contributor of daily and weekly travel letters under contract with New York City and other papers, served as Washington correspondent for the New York Tribune, Herald, and Citizen, and was owner editor for several years of the 672 Illinois Newspaper Dium ioky and History Buffalo, New York, Express. His runic is also linked through contributions and editorial commissions with the Saturday Evening Post, Keokuk Gate City, New Orleans Delta, New York Sunday Mercury, Golden Era magazine, New York Saturday Press, Aha, California, Packard's Monthly, Woods' magazine. Forum, Atlantic, Century, Harper's, Cosmopolitan, Metropolitan, North American Review, San Franciscan, St. Nicholas, Christian Union, Princeton Review, New York Sun, and Harper's Bazaar. The creator of Tom Sawyer was accorded many honors. Yale conferred on him the degree of Master of Arts in 1SSS and Oxford the degree of Doctor of Literature in 1907. He was elected to the Hall November 11, 1932 — Election 16. 673 Collaborators Illl Ill ItllUilOA ItlllltOlll Kir. I Burlingto . . . Aurora, Ml, Burling - Shops in \>. Dining < ar on Ihe Burling 's I ra. k [Vain, fHE HI \l K H\»k ■i\ im\ois i»bo\iiic Burlinglon Track along the Mistissi] |>i K 676 Growing where growth is greatest THE substantial growth of a utility holding c - pany reflects the progress of the territorj served by its operating subsidiaries. The Central Public Service System supplies one or more of the three utilitj services — gas, electricitj or traction in the nation's three most progressive sections the Northwest, the Mi. bile West and the Southwest. It operates in such ke\ cities as Seattle. Portland. Rockford, Mobile. Montgomery, Charleston and Atlanta. The communities served total 171 in tbi- countrj and in ( lanada. More than 50,000 people -bare in the progress of this System through slock ownership. CENTRAL PUBLIC SERVICE CORPORATION CHICAGO, ILL. CHICAGO & NORTH WESTERN RY. the world" NORTH WESTERN LIMITED CORN KING LIMITED. divm: on thi<: \ohth wi.iiun i:\ii, id 678 SERVING ILLINOIS SINCE 1848 Chicago & North Western op t^i io>ei l«. 100 miles ol line. ■Hording ...,.ve,,,,„. i i. .1 dependable Freight and passenger li basinet a,,. I c - GATEWAY TO IHi: WEST The Chicago Passenger Station • .' the i I S \. is .ar.liilU planned and complete!] equipped ire lor the n^rlr,'. „,r. need. Mam unusual ... -niencet and comforts are also provided for id children ira.cler. ENcellenC Dining la,, ilies, T, „„„,-. Drug Store, separate women', apai nts, pi THE EIKST DEPOT ate rest room-, baths, dressing Lmergeno Hospital, Bureau ol Infoi elegraph office, telephone I il,-- ca! IHI I IKS! I HEIGHT STATION In 1834 this building was ade- quate i<> in eel the needs of thai daj I"-". I he Proviso Yards 116, ."'"I project for handling through freight with utmost elfi- ,ienr> »ilh ,1- Stall. electric- all] operated bump and classifi- cation ,.ird lu. provided for I he reniendou, sro»lli of Chicago and its improvement! a- a transporta- euier and railroad terminal. PHUM.-O . >H1>?- i llli \(.o. ILLINOIS Chicago s North Wesle a- [he l.r-l IlaiK-a, in Hie '.rule. Stales to organize and ma .e elleit.ve a >alei» Department to pr. "„.le the -alrt, „l ,is palrons and employees. Il ,. Ihe onl double track rai r„ad between Chicago and Omaha ami Hi, .,ne protected all Ihe ..a- I, I, ,„„.„- \„t ,:,. Iiaiu ( r. In 1861. on ils o he "North Wesler ir-t Ka.Uas Postal I jr Molil l;\ I iimbin \ l lo\ M \:l 5^5S&£- r niomii- CLsstnibottu: ^ACHEO FROM B*NFF.ALB«TA Scenes of interest Along the soo line American Mutual Alliance National Association <>/ Mutual Casualty Companies National Association of Automotive Mutual Insurance Com panics Federation of Mutual Fire Insurance Companies 180 NORTH MICHIG \N \\ I ML CHICAGO. ILLINOIS I N 1867 Philip D. Armour, a young meat packer in Milwaukee, came to the conclusion that Chicago would in time become the meat packing capita] of the world. Accordingly lie purchased a building in what was then the outskirts of the city and fitted it up for the handling of 3(1.00(1 hogs annually. That was the beginning of Armour and Company. Today. Armour anil Company has a score of meat packing plant- in the principal livestock production centers of this country and South America. 500 branch house* for distribution of products in the great consuming centers of the world and refrigerator cars which enable the company to supply foods to the retail merchants in some 12.000 of the smaller communities of the United State-. Armour and Company handler, a volume of business which approaches the billion dollar mark annually and employs some 60.000 people. The company is owned by 80.000 stockholders and is managed b\ a Board of Directors of twenty men which include-, in addition to packing house executives, outstanding representatives of the fields of finance, manufacturing, selling and agriculture. World-wide distribution and world-wide reputation have been established for Armour's Fixed Flavor Star Ham and Bacon. Armour's Simon Pure Lard. Armour- Cloverbloom Butter. Egg- and Cheese and Armour's Veribe-t Canned Goods 682 fine I ooils % I Low Prices! 1 113 (^ - - - Color Plates - - - COMMERCIAL PHOTOGRAPHERS NINE NORTH FRANKLIN S T. c o a M A D I S O N ST. C H I C AG O, ILL. TELEPHONE FRANKLIN 7601 684 Founded in 1849, Established in Chicago, Illinois, 1877; the Story of Sam'l Bing- ham's Son Mfg. Co. has been closely identified with the History of the Press of Illinois. The words "Bingham" and "Rollers" are always associated in the minds of those who print. SAM'L BINGHAM'S SON MFG.C0 Manufacturers of PRINTERS ROLLERS FACTORIES CLEVELAND CHICAGO DALLAS DES MOINES DETROIT INDIANAPOLIS KALAMAZOO KANSAS CITY MINNEAPOLIS NASHVILLE PITTSBURGH ST. LOUIS SPRINGFIELD, 0. ATLANTA CINCINNATI For 85 Years Bingham's Reliable Printers Rollers Illinois Central to Foreign lands Nearby Panama Canal Jamaica Scenes in funny Southern Climes served by the Illinois Central 687 McKinley Bridge Across Mississippi River at St. Louis, Mc Owned by ILLINOIS POWER AND LIGHT CORPORATION Aerial View of Danville, Illinois Served by ILLINOIS POWER AND LIGHT CORPORATION 688 Substation Located at Oglesby, Illinois ILLINOIS POWER AND LIGHT CORPORATION Substation Located at Kewanee, Illinois ILLINOIS POWER AND LIGHT CORPORATION East St. Louis, Illinois Served with gas by ILLINOIS POWER AND LIGHT CORPORATION ". -:. - ■v-i-i ... ; " it I ttt-t^-: '■•'{■'■ wB^^l ••The Delia" at Kilbour,,. tti- ...i.-iii, spectacular in tlirir -vhjn beauty, form a vacation retreat annoall; foi thousands. 693 Wieu/* along The MILWAUKEE RO/1D AMERICAS LONGEST ELECTRIFIED RAILROAD The new Olympian in llie Biltec II. ."Is. For 056 miles through regions of wondrous beauty. The Milwaukee. Road is electrically operated — the r In the Cascades, a. in the Bitter limits and Rockies, you enjoy a day- light view of the crowning glories. are made possible, thanks to the freedom from smoke and cinders wh'ch electrification giics. Across Pugel Sound fron Seattle and Tacoma is Ameri ca's last frontier, the Olvm pic Peninsula. Big game snow peaks, hidden lakes ocean beaches and India make it attracts e to tin who seek adventure. In Ml. Rainier National Park stand, the monarch is. blanketed with glaciers and girdled with a two mile bell of wild flowers. Easily reached on The Milwau- kee Road from Seattle Mid Tacoina, the western In a selling „f pristine beauty. Ml. Baker with its garb of snows .ind timber, defies those who would conquer its icy slopes. 694 Compliments of the Moser Paper Company 621-631 Plymouth Court Chicago. III. P. A. Van Vlack. President Telephone E. A. Blackmer. Treasurer W abash 27 I II 44 YEARS OF PROGRESS In helping to lower the nations living costs iffflmwm i_flr-iFf I- ' 1 Mfc^ ^fc^v.p.y-voi* 'EARS. Roebuck and ' n . in Illinois institution founded in 1886. now serves the entire nation. There are today through- out the country more than 300 modern Sears, Roehuek Retail Stores, many of them large, complete de- partment stores. The ten huge buildings shown here not only house retail department stores but also are used as reg- ional distributing points for both retail store and mail order merchandise. Each Sears, Roe- buck Retail Store adds materially to the prosperity of the town in which it is located. \i u;v Roebuck /inii Co. IU I 111 Si OKI S 696 AILY NEWS. THURSDAY. MARCH 26. 19 VISION OF YOUTH LEADS HIM ON TO ILLINOIS SUCCESS centers of livestock production. The meats were shipped to the hungry East, and plants were built to make use of by-products that once were wasted. Today, the business founded by that boy has grown into one of the greatest in Illinois. It is an Illinois corporation that in 1930 transacted more than $900,000,000 worth of business. Its branch plants and branch houses are scattered over Seventy-eight years ago, a sixteen ' the nation and furnish the meats year old boy, chafing at the limita- | for millions of families each day. tions of his Cape Cod environment, Six men owned the modest pleaded with his father to let him $300,000 worth of stock that was "go to the city," to seek his fortune subscribed for the first incorporated A natural trader with breadth of j company. Now more than 4S.00O vision, the youth sought wider men and women hold shares in the fields. The father, in a desire to $150,000,000 company. Of these keep his son at home, offered him $20, with which to go into business there. The purchase of a heifer with that money was the first business transaction of moment to Gustavus 18,000 about 13,000 are employes of the company, and more than 20,000 of them are women. Starting with the first packing plant in Chicago, Swift & Company now has forty packing plants, and Franklin Swift. From that time ] the meat and many of the by- forward, he moved in an ever j products are distributed through widening circle. more than 400 branch selling houses, His first business was to sell the and over hundreds of car routes meat from his purchase. This he that supply cities and towns where did by going up and down the I branch houses are not located, sandy roads of the Cape, trading Gustavus Franklin Swift, founder with his neighbors. There came in of the company, passed the work succession a shop or two. Then a \ on to his sons when he laid down place for himself at Brighton Yards, his burdens. The sons have done just outside of Boston. Cattle buy- 1 their share to carry on the tradi- ing, however, was moving west- tions of honesty, efficiency, care, ward and Mr. Swift moved with it — first to Albany, later to Buffalo, and then to Chicago, which was reached about 1876. Here, in the heart of the Middle West, G. F. Swift, as a partner in and cleanliness. Swift's Premium Hams and Bacon are known where- ever meat is sold. Modern methods have changed meat merchandising in many ways. Even fresh meats are now being a prosperous cattle buying business , packaged and sold under brand visioned the future. He saw it, not names, thus making it possible for as a shipper of live animals, but as a purveyor of fine foods. Outlining his ideas to his partner, he found the housewife to be assured of quality. It is a far cry from the one horse him reluctant, and the partnership | wagon of Cape Cod to the present ended. business, with its more than 50,000 The East was even then depend- < employes. Swift & Company has ent upon the West for its meat, but ' grown with the state and nation, animals, not meats, were shipped. Its personnel strives at all times to This meant danger of loss, due to anticipate the food needs of the shrinkage and injury. It meant also | world, and to supply them. waste in shipping much that had I to be discarded after freight had j been paid. So the refrigerator car | Ask your dealer tor Swili'i Premium Ham. WAS flevelnnpd Animal« n.ni>Q I anu Bacon, Mlverlcal Uraud Pure Lard. Premium was ae\eiopea Animals were Mi||> Frd Houl Pr ,. mlum 0u , n B rook6eid transformed into meat near the | B„„, r Eggs tni w cheese. 697 A fine, fast, through train between ST. LOUIS and MOBILE with through sleeping car between CHICAGO and MOBILE via Illinois Central R. R. via Cairo Observation Car . . . . Dining Car Service Congratulations — to a distinguished organization in field of journalism the The Shell Petroleum Corporation congrati lates the Illinois Press Association upon the long vears of acconi plishment which have made the organization's history so well worth compiling and publishing Shell feels confident that the Associal ion's membership, its principles and its past record of service to the state, assure an even more not a ble history dating from 1934. (shell) GASOLINE MOTOR OIL KKROSENE TRACTOR OIL INDUSTRIAL LI BRICANTS GREASES Motorists Association of Illinois By Hugo Meyer, Secretary-Manager I have been asked a great many times the purpose of an automobile club, and for what reason, if any, a man or a woman should spend money to belong to one. Tbe answer is simple. The primary reason for spending money, or investing money, i- to save money or make more money. The automobile club saves money for its members, when il i> properly administered ami operated along sound principles. The Motorists Association of Illinois i- incorporated under the laws of the Slate of Illinois, not for profit. All the money taken in from tbe sale of member- ships goe~ hack into service for members, after the u ? ual routine expenses are taken care of. Naturally a business cannot be run without the expense of clerks, stenog- raphers ami other items. We have our regular overhead expenses, just a- an) business has. hut after our expenses are paid, [he money goes back into service for the man anil woman who belongs to the club. Here is a good example of what 1 mean by that. I p to a few months ago we changed tires for members only when those members were women, were men physically disabled, or were physicians. Now we change tires on the road for any member. Why'.' Because our experience has proved that we can give that extra service, and we are giving it. See how it works out? The money we have left alter paying our expenses goes back into service. Just what doe- our organization do for its members in tbe waj of -aving money for them? Well, here is one item. Each member receive- a coupon hook which entitles him to a discount of one cent a gallon on gasoline and five cent- a quart on oil. when purchased at one of our hundreds "I cdlic ial service or gas station-. Then, too, a member may buy his tires and ciiher accessories .it strong discounts. Those are obvious savings, but there are others. Suppose a member is injured while driving his car. Within certain territories we convey the member to a hos- pital and pay his doctor and hospital hills. Think what a saving that can be. Then, too, consider our legal service. Suppose you are not a member of an automobile club and you have an accident in which your car is injured. The other fellow refuses to pay you for the damage he ha- done your car. What can yen do? You have two choices. One is to [lay for the damage out of your own pocket and forget it. The other is to hire an attorney. Both procedures are expensive. Now. we will assume that you are a member of the Motorists Association ol Illinois. Ju-i report the case to our legal department and we handle il for you from start to finish. We try to seltle the case out of court and collect the money for you. but if that cannot be done, we enter suit, and il doesn't cost you a penny for your attorney. That is a part of the service which goes with your membership. We give mechanical emergency ser\ ic e without charge to our members anywhere in the United States and Canada. So far as 1 know there is no other club which does this. Think of the saving there. Think also of the comfort of knowing that if you have a breakdown you can be taken care of without having to spend any of your own money. We give touring information and maps to our members. We give the member an emblem for his car. We send him a snappy, up to date, live club magazine. There are more than a score of solid, sensible reasons why you should invest your money in a membership in tbe Motorists Association of Illinois, and most of the reasons show you a saving in money. We have erected on our property at Twenty-fourth Street and Michigan Avenue in Chicago a twenty-nine story club building. It is near the main entrance to Chicago's World Fair and is one of the most magnificaiit structures of il> kind. I wish I had the' space to tell you more about this great organization, hut I cannot do it here. If. however, you want further information, just lei me know and I will see thai il gets to you. A postal card, a leiter. a telephone call will do. There is. of course, no obligation in requesting such information. We are glad to tell motorists all about our great club. Utilities Power & Light Corporation An International Utility System Utilities Power & Light Corporation controls directly or through subsidiaries public utility properties supplying electric, gas, water and other services in territories having a population estimated in excess of 6,000.000. These operating properties render such essential public utility services to more than 650,000 customers in over 1,000 cities and towns located principally in the States of Indiana, Missouri, Rhode Island, Connecticut, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, Nebraska, Illinois, ( )klahoma, Texas. Kentucky and also in Canada and Great Britain. Through its public utility subsidiaries its services are distributed along the American Atlantic Seaboard, in industrial centers of the Middle West (including gas in St. Louis and electricity in Indianapolis), in the corn-wheat belt of the upper Mississippi Valley, in the gas fields of the Southwest, in thriving centers of the Central Northwest, in the prosperous and decidedly limited coal regions of Canada and in thickly populated industrial and rural sections of England, Wales and Scotland. The phvsical properties of the American operating companies include electric generating stations with a present combined installed capacity of 306,368 kilowatts, 5.331 miles of transmission lines, 13 gas plants with a daily manufacturing capacity of over 64.000.000 cubic feet and 2.400 miles of gas mains. Other subsidiary companies owned or controlled by the Corporation include the St. Louis Gas & Coke Corporation which has the second largest merchant unit by-product coke oven and blast furnace plant in the United States; the Illinois Company which owns the Litchfield and Madison Railway and Mt. Olive & Staunton Coal Company; the Utilities Elkborn Coal Company; the Utilities Power & Light Realty Trust which owns the 208 South La Salle Building and the Utilities Building, both in Chicago, and the Electric Building Corporation which owns the Electric Building at Asbury Park, New Jersey. BRITISH PROPERTIES The Greater London and Counties Trust Limited, a British corpora- tion, all of the common or ordinarv shares (except directors" qualifying shares) of which are owned by Utilities Power & Light Corporation, Limited, a wholly owned subsidiarv of Utilities Power & Light Corpora- tion, has acquired the entire capital stock (except directors' qualifying shares) of a number of operating companies in Great Britain and substantial interest in others. The subsidiarv operating properties of Greater London and Counties Trust Lim'ted serve electricitv to over 504 cities and towns in England. Scotland. Wales and the island of Guernsey. Under Authority of Acts of Parliament, these subsidiaries are given the rights to furnish electricity without competition in three large Distribu- tion Areas. The territory served includes large industrial areas within a 100-mile radius of London, suburbs of Birmingham and such well- known cities as Oxford, Cambridge, Guernsey, Ramsgate, Reading, Dudley and Smethwick. The territory served comprises approximately 14,301 square miles with an estimated population of 4.000.000. 700 ■ 1 1' V - >*V^^S \4F*- ■ fM toL>&£. « : $&$k Upper Left, Mine No. 17. Frankfort, Illinois. I pper Right, Mine No. 43. Harrisburg, Illinois. Center Left, Mine No. 47. Harrisburg, Illinois. Center Right. Mine No. 17. Edwardsville, Illinois. Lower Left, Mine No. 42. Ledford, Illinois. Lower Right, Picking Table! — Removing impurities l>v hand. PEABODY COAL COMPANY CHICAGO Boetius Henry Sullivan SULLIVAN. BOETIUS HENRY: Born at Chicago. Illinois. Novem- ber 18, 1885, son of Roger Charles Sullivan and of Helen Marie (Quinlan) Sullivan. Student at St. Ignatius College. Chicago; graduate of Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts, 1905; B.A., Yale, 1909; LL.B.. Harvard, 1912. Married Mary Loretta Connery of Chicago. Illinois. December 27th, 1911. Children: Roger Charles II, Mary Loretta. Jane (deceased). Josephine M. ( deceased I . Helen Marie and Boetius H.. Jr. Began as law clerk with the firm of Sears. Meagher & ^ hitnev. Chicago, 1912. Member of firm of Meanher. Whitney, Bieks & Sullivan, 1915-1919, Cooke. Sullivan & Ricks since 1919. Director of United Biscuit Company. Sawyer Biscuit Company and Central Waxed Paper Company. He was first assistant secretary of the Democratic National Conven- tion at Baltimore in 1912, which nominated Woodrow Wilson for Presi- dent; and he was counsel for the Alien Propertv Custodian for the State of Illinois, 1917-1921. He is a director of the Civic Hospital As- sociation of Chicago and a life member of the Geographic Society of Chicago. He is a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon and Phi Beta Chi. Clubs: Chicago Club, Chicago Athletic Association and Edgewater Golf Club. He is a Roman Catholic. Home: 350 Wellington Avenue. Office: 310 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago. Illinois. I)n. E. L. Cornell Dr. Edward Lyman Cornell, internationally prominent a? a gynecologist and obstetrician, through use and development of motion pictures in his teaching of obstetrics, was born in Chicago, \ugu-t 9. 1883. He obtained his B.S. degree at the University of Chicago in 1907 and his M.D. at Rush Medical in 1910. He is Assistant Professor of obstetrics at Northwestern University Medical school, attending obstet- rician at the Chicago Lying In hospital and Cook County hospital and on the consulting staff of the Illinois Masonic hospital. He is also on the courtesv staff of the Passavant Memorial hospital. Dr. Cornell is a member of I lie American Association of Obstetri- cians, Gynecologists and Abdominal Surgery. Fellow of the American Medical association. Fellow of the American College of Surgeon-, and a member of the Chicago Medical society, Illinois Medical society. Chicago Gynecological society, and the Central Association of Obstetrics and Gynecology. He was married in 1913 to Mabelle Jane Cass and has two children, Edward. Jr.. and Neil Jerome. Dr. Cornell has developed the teaching of obstetrics by the use of motion pictures to the point where thi- method of teaching is far su- perior to that of actual operation in a clinic. 703 Surmounting the toiver oj our neiv Adminis- tration Building in Chicago, stands the heraldic figure, "The Spirit of Progress." To the passing ivorld it is a mark nf quality, an insignia oj de- pendable values, an iron-clad promise of Satis- faction Guaranteed. To our organization, it is a symbol oj achievement, of opportunity, of re- sponsibility. It is emblematic of accomplishment and confidence — confidence in the judgment of our leaders, through whose decisions and actions ue have gained and maintained the confidence of over 9 million families, about 36 million people, or more than one-third of the total population of this great country. MONTGOMERY CHICAGO KANSAS CITY ST. PAUL FORT WORTH ALBANY 704 This year Montgomery Ward & Co. is investing approximately 6 Million Dollars in newspaper advertising Over 90(1 newspapers carry the advertising of Montgomery Ward & Co. retail stores located in 565 towns and cities. The total amount of space will he in the neigh- borhood of one hundred million lines. That is impressive evidence of the part the daily newspaper plays in this company's national sales plans. There is no other medium, we believe, which can take the place of daily papers in the modern scheme of merchandising. WARD & CO. BALTIMORE PORTLAND. ORE. OAKLAND, CAL. DENVER B ETTER PRINTING EQUIPMENT ■ ROUSE BAND SAW Automatic; saws an entire galley of variable length slugs in 35 seconds. for More than 30 Years ■ ROUSE PAGE FRAME A thin, self-locking chase: simplifies adjust- ■ ROUSE TYPE GAUGES Patented designs in black-and-brass; ex- trench legible, always accurate. ■ ROUSE PRESS SEATS Freely swinging seat teilh sieel support, easily adjusted to desired height. ■ ROUSE FORM TRUCKS Sturdy, substantial, improved construction; easily handled, cannot be upset. ft ROUSE NEWSPAPER FILES Files and file rocks of exceptional capacity and facility in handling. ■ ROUSE C0MPOS1NC STICKS Quarter point and micrometer composing sticks of unapproached accuracy. ■ ROUSE NEWSPAPER BASES Cttlt-iron bases in '... I. V/ 2 , ->. < and 4 col. widths; light, sturdy, rigid, ■ ROUSE REGISTER QUOINS For use in forms of mounted plat,, where perfect register is required. ■ ROUSE ROLLER COOLING FANS Keep forms free from lint; rollers cool, firm; inks at even consistency. ■ ROUSE TVMPAN PAPER HOLDER Quickly earns its cost iit tympan paper economy, sating of space and labor. ■ ROUSE LEAD AND RULE CUTTERS Match foundry-cut material with utmost accuracy, speed and convenience. ■ ROUSE PI. VIE MOUNTING EQUIPMENT Register Hooks and Universal Blocks— a per fat plate mounting system. ■ HOUSE COMPOSING AND MAKEUP RULES Single rules as well as concert, ml vest pocket and complete cabinet se/s. ■ ROUSE POWER AND HAND- MITERING MACHINES I machine for every shop, each embodying new and exclusive improvements. ■ ROUSE PAPER LIFTS Styles for "H hand fed presses and to s.r Cross Feeders. FORTIFIED by an intelligent understanding of printers' prob- lems and with reliant faith in the progress of printing as a fine art, H. B. Rouse in 1899 established the business which bears bis name today. In the beginning its prod- uct was limited to Composing Sticks and Lead and Rule Cutters, manufactured on contract. In 1903 the Company began the manufac- ture of its own product; in 1904 the first unit of its present factory was erected, and in 1906 the firm wao incorporated. Since its modest but ambitious beginning, H. B. Rouse & Company constantly has searched the trade for devices de- veloped by practical printers which gave promise of advancement in the mechanics of the art. As a result the "Rouse Line" today embraces an impressive list of labor and time-saving machines anil appliances for the composing loom and press room — and encour- agement has been given many printer-inventors the country over who are interested in the dis- tribution of Rouse products on a rovaltv basis. H . B . ROUSE and Co m p a n y 2 2 14-16 WARD ST. CHICAGO, ILL. 706 Wilson & Co. 1/ e a i I' n c /. e r s & P r o i i s i o « e r s rILS (N \ CO., Inc. occupies a prominent place in American industry, The Company - home office is in Chicago, with plants and branches located throughout America, South America, and Europe. In the I nited Slate-. \\ ilson & Co. has packing plants at Chicago. Illinois; Kansas City, kan-a-: Oklahoma City. Oklahoma; New York City, New York; Los Angeles, California; Ubert Lea, Minnesota: Nebraska City. Nebraska; and Cedar Rapid-. Iowa. The foreign plants are located at Sao Paulo, Brazil: Buenos \ire-. Argentine, S. \.: and Birkenhead. England. The Company has upwards of 121) branch houses in the United States, in addition to their plants, and have branches, subsidiaries and agents in the I nited Kingdom. Norvvav. Sweden, and Denmark, as well as at other points in Conti- nental Europe, Mediterranean Countries, South America. Central America, the West Indies, Mexico. Canada and Newfoundland, Canary Islands. Singapore. Bangkok, Siam. Manila. Batavia and China. There are approximately 20,000 persons employed by the Companj in it- various branches and plant-. \\ ilson & Co.'s highest grade brand of meat- and meat food products is Certified, and Clear Brook is the Company's leading brand of butter and eggs. The Company i- headed by Mr. Thomas E. \\ ilson. who has been its presi- dent since 1916. Mr. \\ ilson is a notabl) outstanding figure in the packing in- dustry, who. in addition to making main valuable and constructive contribu- tions to the industry, was the founder of the Institute of American Meat Packer-, and its president for three consecutive years. From it- inception, \\ ilson & Co. has been noted for its progressive policies, and efficient methods of operation, and has achieved an enviable reputation for products of inimitable quality, efficiency of service, integrity, and high business ideal-, which principles have always been instilled into all of Wilson & Co.'s employees. Throughout the Company's numerous plant- and branches can be found a neatly inscribed placard which hang- in a place where all employees can read it as they carry on their daily work. It is called "Our Ideal." and i- signed by Thomas E. Wilson. Expressing, as it does, the Wilson & Co. policy, we re- produce it here: "To make well and to trade fairly. To profit not alone in dollars but in the good-will oj those with whom we ilral. To correct our errors. To improve our opportunities and to rear from the Dresses Established 1 889 ^ mi:!* 1 ^38 n^\ 1*1* ^&mS® 'ansa 711 The Work of the Press in Behalf of Roads By Charles M. Haves, President, Chicago Molor Club The press of Illinois is entitled to a large share of the credit for the fact thai Illinois has more than 14 per cent of the total mileage of concrete highways through- out the country. Illinois leads the nation in that respect, with approximately 50 per cent more mileage of highways of that character than New York, our closest rival. Not only has the press of this state always occupied a leading position in the firing lines of the various campaigns for better motoring facilities, but it has advanced, time and again, even farther. It has, with unfailing ability, fought consistently for improved highways that provide the greatest benefit for the greatest number. With the same consistency, it has opposed the building of roads lor the benefit mainly of real estate interests and for the payment of political obligations. There are several epochs in the story of the part played by the Illinois press in securing better roads. The first ones, although all-important at the time, can be briefly described now. With the advent of the first "horseless carriages,'" the press was one of the lirst agencies to foresee the possibilities, lor many years it advocated better roads, built with state aid. and in 1905 the stale Legislature created the state highway department, under the direction of the state department of public works and buildings. In 1914. the Chicago Motor Club, at the request of Governor Dunne, designated March 4 as Good Roads Day. The motor caravan that wended its way that day over dirt roads from Chicago to Sterling, and the good roads speeches en route, were reported in detail in the press, with appropriate editorials. That occasion marked the beginning of the long campaign to "pull Illinois out of the mud."' With the aid of the splendid co-operation from the press, the two bond issues were approved, and the state was eventually lifted from the mire. But many sections of it, particularly those in and adjacent to the centers of population, found them- selves some years later in the throes of acute congestion. So many cars were owned in the metropolitan areas that it became impossible to drive with freedom and safety on week-ends and holidays. This serious condition moved many car owners to refrain from venturing forth at those times; they were thus denied dividends on their investment of hundreds of millions in roads. The Chicago Motor Club announced in 1928 a plan for widening the radial high- ways out of Chicago and in other populous sections of the slate, and the construction of grade separations at strategic points. The club proved that good roads are paid for, whether they are built or not. If not built, the toll in life, limb and property exacted by accidents on narrow, antiquated thoroughfares and the cost of delay because of congestion is far greater than the cost of adequate facilities. In fact, the loll in deaths and injuries can not be reckoned in dollars and cents. At ibis writing the club is in the midst of a far more comprehensive widening campaign; it provides for the widening to forty feet of 8ol miles on eleven radials emanating from Chicago. The club seeks to have these widened to four lanes to the Wisconsin stale line, Freeport, Sterling, Mendota. Peoria, Springfield, Champaign. Urbana and Danville. The plan also provides for four-lane radials in the vicinity of Rock Island and other centers of population, and for the construction of sixty- three grade separations. These projects will be accomplished within the next few years at no increase in present molor vehicle taxation rales. The club will seek appropriations for this plan from the slate legislature. These improvements are neces- sitated by the traffic needs of today. With the aid of the pies., which has thus far been heartily extended, this plan will materialize in no less degree than other campaigns. For a Courteous Ride With a Competent Guide Call Monroe 3700 y^\. Checker Taxi Company Chicago, Illinois 713 The Goss Printing Press Co. Manufacturers of EVERY TYPE OF NEWSPAPER PRESS Main Office and Factory 1535 South Paulina Street CHICAGO. ILL. The Illinois Chamber of Commerce The Illinois Chamber of Commerce, as in the case of nearly all worth- while undertakings, was born of a definite need. The exact date of its birth was June 17, 1919, at Quincy, Illinois, although a number of preliminary or- ganization meetings had been held prior to this date. The Illinois Chamber of Commerce came into existence less than a year after the signing of the Armistice, which brought to a close the great World War. At this time the people of Illinois had learned the importance of correlated action, felt the necessity of a central state-wide organization through which the problems of reconstruction might be solved, and by means of which the people of the State might be better able to concentrate their efforts towards the up-building of Illinois. Looking back upon the fifteen years of life of this now great business organization, it is doubtful indeed if the men who founded it in the early days had any real conception of the progress which the organization they created would undergo. No years in the chronicle of our country could be designed to try more thoroughly the mettle of this new enterprise and to prove more fully its right to exist. As to the objectives of this organization, they can be not better stated than to quote from the Constitution: "It is formed to promote co-operation between Commercial, Trade, Agricultural, Civic and other like organizations of the State; to provide a medium through which business men and other progressive citizens may act collectively on matters of vital and general im- portance to all; to propose new legislation and to analyze and determine the probable effect of legislation proposed by others, to endeavor in every way to advance the social, economic and commercial interests of Illinois, and to transact such business as may properly come before a State Chamber of Commerce." Before the founding of the Illinois Chamber of Commerce the business men and women of Illinois had no means of working together toward the common end of state progress. Today there are over 150 Chambers of Com- merce with an approximate membership of 45,000 who are members of and co-operate with the State Chamber. As a result, the business interests of every section of the State come to know and understand each other better. The Illinois Chamber of Commerce has justified beyond any question the faith of its founders. It believes that even greater opportunities for service lie before it. Its field of action, the State of Illinois, is ordinarily thought of as one of the forty-eight states of the Union. Whereas we think of it not in terms of geographical boundaries but in terms of its strategic position in agriculture, manufacture, transportation, development of electrical energy, natural resources, wealth, its sphere of political influence, etc. In other words, we look upon the State of Illinois as an inland empire located at the cross- roads of commercial activity, — the key to the Mississippi Valley. Ta/ter 71(7^ President 715 LLOYD'S Property Owners Association Offers Unsurpassed Services to Property Owners and ments and also lo give a ser\ice to all property o in Cook County and adjoining Count general lav matters. Lloyd's Property Owners Association is composed of expert real estate valuators and experts in spread- ing assessments. They employ, at the request of the property owners, attorneys who are proficient in con- testing special assessments and tax matters in Court if it is necessary to go into Court to adjust assess- ments or taxes. The services of their experts are available at any time lo any attorney practicing law in Illinois and also the maps and all other information regarding costs of improvements of different kinds. etc., .ne available to members of the Bar who desire lo use them for the protection of the properly owner. Alter this organization has represented any prop- er!) assessed, the owner can feel assured that he has had a full, fair and impartial hearing and this matter of representation, only charg.ng it mccesiful, is garding beneficial to every propertv owner as he can feel as- ured thai he has done everything in l.is power to ;el relief and also Ik municipaliti - spreading the . si isments feel satisfied J ~ lh > k ""w their proposed improvement has been fully tested both as to merits and benefit to property owners, and that everybody has been invited lo have a bearing. This organization has a Membership Division wherein a small fee is charged to look after people's property, pay tax bills, secure -the tax and special assessment bills, redeem the property from tax sales, make valuations by experts on the properly for tax- ing purposes and to check up the title and the liens „ii the property each year. (Not incorporated) Membership Division CITY HALL SQL ARE Bl 1I.DINC, ROOMS 1601 TO 1608, NO. 139 N. CLARK ST. Opposite Court House CHICAGO Telephones Central 8.111. 11312. 8313, 8314, 8315 Clyde F. Lloyo, President Fhank P. Li.no. lire Pres. and Gen. iter. PRINTINC -BINDING- EMBOSSING D fSV A T aTvTrtS CALL US ON YOUR PRINTING NEEDS CATALOGS AND CIRCULARS HARTMAM -JEFFERSON COMPANY TELEPHONE MAIN 395 H. L. WILLIAMSON. Preside Springfield. Illinois 219 SOUTH FOURTH ST. De Paul University Co-Educational Empowered liy the State of Illinois to "provide, impart and furnish opportunities for all depart ments of higher education to persons of both sexes on equal terms." Arts Education Pre-Law Science Literature Pre-Medicine Philosophy Law Art Hislory Commerce Music For Bulletins address The Secretary, 61 East Lake St., Chicago, 111. 716 Borden Farm Products Company OF ILLINOIS This modern milk pasteurizing and bottling plant and delivery branch, completed early in the fall of 1929. i> considered one of the most unique plants in the middle wrest. The plant is located at Circle and Harrison Streets. Forest Park. Illinois, and has a total floor space of 85,000 square feet. The plant has a capacity of 125.000 bottles of milk and cream daily. V special observation space on the second floor enables visitors to see every operation of the plant. The delivery branch has the largest private parage in the country with room for 250 gas and electric delivery vehicles. This plant and branch has been planned so that it i- one of the efficient operation- found in the dairy in- dustry today. L^ftifii B i'.if<, r ...."i m | ' A n ii ill ?|-f jj'pi^l 717 "SLOW PRODUCTION AND HIGH COSTS . . ."We've got to eliminate obsolete and semi-obsolete machinery. . .We've got to keep abreast of competition. We've got to spend money in order to make money." Such talk is being heard today in many newspaper conference rooms. It is resulting in action, too, as evidenced by orders for modern cost-cutting Intertypes and time- saving accessories. These include : Intertype Model F Mixer. Handles straight composition in TWO sizes, without shifting magazines, as fast as a non-mixer machine can handle one size. Less copy cutting, less handling of slugs and proofs, easier make- up, and fewer errors. Model G Text-Display-Mixer Intertype. Sets text, display and mixed composition from one standard keyboard, with instant finger- touch changes from straight matter to dis- play or mixed composition. Model H Display Intertype. Carries three extra-wide quick-change split magazines for economical composition of display types in a wide range of sizes and faces up to full width 30 point and some 36 point. Intertype Autospacer. Sets white space automatically. Saves time and speeds up production. Intertype Composing Stick Attainment. Combines keyboard and hand composition in a single all-slug system, eliminating the necessity for buying a special machine to set big type beyond the keyboard range. Ask your mechanic about these new and modern Intertype profit-earners. INTERTYPE 360 FURMAN STREET, BROOKLYN, N.Y. Chicago New Orleans San Francisco Los Angeles Boston 718 A Life Sketch Leading Up ro the Present Horder's, Inc. 0:*** IT is refreshing ill these hec- tic days of unemployment, mergers, retrenchments and competition, to turn away from the endless pages of financial news, the myriad ''predictions" and ''opinions" that crowd themselves before our befuddled minds, and to glance in retrospect, back over the years to the humble origin of a business career that is now a byword in the industry of which it is a part. While comparatively young in years, as many bus : nesses go. this remarkable inst'tu- tion has grown to its maturity during what has perhaps been the most trying period in American business history. And the career of Edward Young Horder. its founder and present head, extends back into still another period of unrest and reconstruction, those dark davs following the Civil War. Mr. Horder's boyhood was typical of the life of the English "poor" lad of the '60's and '70's. His struggle for an education, the hardships and deprivations are only hinted at here: "Only those knowing the condition of England after the Crimean War of 1856-57 and our Civil War, 1861-65, can realize how small the opportunities were for a boj in I In- family of a working man. especially in a familv so large as ours. . . . Leaving school soon after eleven years of age. I -tart.-. I to barn carpentering at one shilling (25c) a week. But the demands of a growing family were such that I went to work (after a few months) for a grocer as errand bov, earning four shillings ($1.00) a week. . . . "We had but few books in those davs, the Bible. Pilgrim's Progress' and 'Fox's Book of Martyrs' were the three most read. . . . For a pennv a week I took 'Cassell's Illus- trated Readings,' and there found some of the best literature of the age, both prose and poetry, and was inspired by what I read. . . . After trying in several positions to earn more money (for I was ambitious to succeed), I answered an ad in a London paper for an 'Improver' in a grocery store, obtained the situation, and started for London — 160 miles from home, a tremendous undertaking in those davs." . . . Crossing to America in 1883, Mr. Horder spent a vear in New York, and "In the sum- mer of 1884 I started for Chicago and soon opened a little news and periodical stand — later one in the Open Board of Trade, and then in the fall started a newspaper route on the West Side, with headquarters at what was then Lake and 42nd Streets. . . . "I searched for a place where I could have a small store for the sale of papers and period- where I could advertise real estate to advantage. This loca- tion I found at 149 Washington =fejSS§ Street, near LaSalle. and on September 1. 1901. opened my little -tor.- under the name of 'The Central,' paying $100 for the first month- rent, and hav- ing H50 cash left for fixtures and stock. The fixtures con- sisted of a table and a rack on which to stand papers and periodicals and one length of shelving ... By May, 1902, I decided it would be better to give up the real estate department and devote all my time to the periodicals and stationerv, as I wa- then doing an average of $25 to $28 a day gross business, and looked forward anxiously to the time when mv receipts would reach $40 a dav gross as then I knew I could meet all my slowly growing expenses. . . . "We soon outgrew the store space at 119 West Washington Street and rented the base- nicit under it. . . . After a time we were abb- l.. rent the rear part of 92 LaSalle Street, later acquiring the front store space — then the floor above and the basement be- low. . . . "Each year lias shown a steady increase in our business growth and in 1929 the ;r..-- sales of all departments had risen to over three million dollars. Starting with one em- ployee in 1901 the corporation now employs 350 persons, owns its own general warehouse, and its garage, has thirteen retail stores in the loop district, while its slogan, 'Order from Horder,' is known all over the Middle West. . . . "In 1926 the old established business of George E. Cole and Company was acquired and the well-known legal blanks of this hon- ored firm further improved and sales ex- tended. "Although I am still active in the business, the main responsibilities are carried bv H. G. Horder and F. P. Seymour, assisted by W. J. Goodman and an advisory board comprising the heads of departments. It is a matter of pride that a majority of the managers and heads of departments entered our employ as errand boys or as clerks." "Only to a very few comes the satisfaction of having realized the ambitions of boyhood .lav-, and with a grateful heart I can truth- fully say that I do not remember a single boyish ambition which has not been gratified." A World Trade Center The Chicago Board of Trade, a vital part of Chicago and Illinois since 1848, has grown from its modest beginning to an international institution, with 1.586 members, representing various agricul- tural interests and scattered through this and many other countries. Hundreds of millions of bushels of grain and thousands of tons of provisions are handled annually on this exchange. Its futures markets, providing as they do the price insurance desired by growers, millers and exporters, are the largest and most liquid of anv commodity exchange. For years the Board of Trade has mar- keted the farmers" grain at a lower cost than exists in the marketing of any other staple foodstuff. To its older markets for grain and pro- visions, the Board of Trade in recent years added departments for trading '.n cotton and securities. All these markets are housed in a beau- tiful new building which you are invited to inspect when visiting in Chicago. Chicago Board of Trade Grain Cotton Provisions Securities 720 BUILT ON THE PRINCIPLE OF SERVICE To Its Policyholders WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION — PUBLIC LIABILITY AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE ILLINOIS MANUFACTURERS' MUTUAL CASUALTY ASSOCIATION, INC 120 South LaSalle Street Chicago, Illino Organized in 1858 .1- the II. \\ . Johns \I \\i m 1 1 him. Company, the expansion and development of Johns-Manville has been closelj interwoven \sith the story of Asbestos. Seventy-five years .ig<> tin- remarkable mineral «.<- Little more than a curiosity, bnt today there i- hardly a phase of human existence in which Asbestos does not plaj :ni important pari. In 1901 the H. W. Johns Manufacturing Company combined with tin- Manville I "I'Mii: I iniipain 1 urbanized in Milwaukee in 1880) to form the H. \\ . Johns- Manville Company. In l°2n this name was changed to Johns-Manville, Inc., and, to provide for the rapid expansi f the business, the name was changed to the Johns-Manville Corporation in 1926. Since November 1028 the Johns-Manville Corporation has acquired the assets and properties of the Olile Products Company of Lompoc, California: the Banner Rock Products Companj of Alexandria. Indiana: the Weaver Benrj Manufacturing Company of Los Angeles, California: the Preformed Asphalt Products Companj of Dayton, Ohio: the E. N. Biegler Manufacturing Company of Chicago, and the Stevens Sound Proofing Company of Chicago. During this period Johns-Manville has also acquired the U. S. and Canadian rights to manufacture and sell seamless pipe of asbestos and cement under the patents of the Eternil Pietra Vrtificiale, So:'iete Anonima of Genoa. Italy: and the exclusive sales and maufacturin 3 rights to Sanacoustic Tile, developed by the C. F. Burgess Laboratories of Madison, \\ isconsin. The following are some of the most important products now manufactured by Johns-Manville: Acoustical materials, rigid asbestos shingles, rag felt shingles, asbestos and rag fell built-np and roll roofings, roofing accessories, fiat and cor- rugated Transite. Transite pipe, mastic floorings, tile floor*!'!. waterproofing and damn-proofing, steam and hoi water pine insulation, a complete line of industrial insulations for all temperatures from 400 F below zero to the highest in lustrial temperatures, underground system of insulation, structural insulating board, home insulation for new and existing buildings, Asbestos Ebony for electric switch and panel boards, Celite for concrete and mortar, packings and friction materials. 721 THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS The University and How It Grew IN 1867, In years alter the beginning "I Hie Illinois Press Association. Hie University of Illinois ha.l its beginning. The Association had learned of the com- ing of the institution well in advance and had ev en passed a resolution at its convention in 1866 to help bring about the establishment of "one great state univer- sity" rather than a half dozen slate colleges. During the early years, when the Association ante to Champaign or Urbana. as it did in 1872 and 1884. the "university" consisted of a building or two out on the broad prairie between Champaign and Urbana, hous- ing two or three hundred college-grade students and from fifty to one hundred preparatory students. And ju-l as a resolution by the Press Association preceded the de- cision of the slate to found a ingle institution, so a meeting of the Press Association in 1881 in the university community preceded by one year the change of the name of the institution from the Illinois Industrial University to the University of Illinois. Champions of the university at early press n ling- were D. S. Crandall. editor of the Champaign Union. a charter member of Ihe organization. George Scroggs, one lime editor of the Champaign Gazelle and fifth president of the Association. M. W. Mathews, editor of the Urban,, Herald and president for two terms. 1884 and 1885, Dan McKenzie, an early editor of the Urbana Journal and historian of the Association, and I.. A. McLean, editor of the Urbana Herald and presiilenl of the Association in 1888. To these names should be added Ihose of such men as J. W. Bailey, founder of the organization, and John W. Clinton, editor-historian of northern Illinois, who presided at the meeting in Champaign in 1884. The institution did not throw off its small college el araeter until Ihe rise of the great universities in the east, such as Johns Hopkins, pointed the way. During its infancy there were no universities in America worthy of the name. The university emphasis came into edura- I onal circles in the eighties and nineties. The year 1895 found the University of Illinois making a beginning in the strictly university sense by development of its grad- uate work and by making p'ans for the annexation and e-lah ishmeul of new colleges and professional school,. Music, law, library science, pharmacy, and medicine were added between 1895 and 191)0, and Ihe institution took on the character of a modern American university. In 1901 the college of dentistry had its beginning. Then followed the college of commerce and business admin- istration, the college of education, Ihe school I college I of journalism, the college of fine and applied arts. Ihe school of physical education, and Ihe extension division. Between 1900 and 1910 the enrollment doubled and during the ensuing ten years, in spite of Ihe world war, it doubled again. When Ihe depression sel in it was well over Ihe 14,000 mark, one of Ihe largest and most favorably known universities in the world. The Fress Association and individual newspapers had a share in the activity that brought abaut this growth and development. Scarcely a day passed afler 191)0 that the press was not called on to publicize the institution, and it did so to such an extent that the name of the university quickly became widely and favorably known. The period of greatest strength and achievement of Ihe university prior to the date of this publication was Hal spent under the presidency of Dr. David Kinley. who headed the institution from 19:9 to 19:111. It was under his direction that the so-called ten-year plan was adopled. which provided funds and made possihle the building up of the faculty ami physical plant. The press had taken an interest in the university through Ihe years but it remained for Dr. Kinley lo increase that interest. One of his first far-reaching acts was to call a meeting of editors and lay before it his plans. Thai was in t"921. It was then that the ten-year plan was launched and from that time on the appro- priations of the university were passed by the General Assembly at Springfield without a dissenting vote. The Association had. of course, maintained some con- tact with the university after the turn of Ihe century. In 190P the annual press convention was held on the campus. At that session for the first time a member of Ihe journalism faculty addressed the editors. In 1910, in Chicago, under President W. T. Bedford of the LaSalle Tribune, the Association launched its drive for a pro- fessional school of journalism, to be accorded the same status and recognition in all respects as that given lo the colleges of law and medicine. The plans visioned a great professional school and faculty and a splendid new building. From that lime on Ihe Association labored lo bring about the realization of its professional school project. In 1910. a s horl course was held on Hie campus, will, indifferent success. Two years later Ihe Association met on Ihe campus again, under the presidency of H. U. Bailey, son of Ihe founder of the organization. President Kinley's called meeting of editors was held in 1921. the editors paying Iheir own expenses to attend. In 1923 Ihe Association met at the university, and in 1924, under Ihe presidency of John Harrison of the Danville Commer- cial News, it voted to meet regularly at the university each year. From 192.3 In 1931 this practice was fol- lowed. During this period Ihe press gave most vigorous support lo the institution, and the Association's legis- lative and executive committees spent many hours in Springfield in the interests of the budget. During these years, too. the professional school pro- gran, was advanced. In 1927 the School of Journalism was established. In Ihe same year Ihe "College of Jour- nalism" Act was passed by the General Assembly. Plans for Ihe provision of a new building were delayed by the depression. The 1934-35 school year found the university making the best headway possible with a restricted income. The student body had again begun lo grow and was not far short of the peak registration of 1930-31. Al the rale of growth indicated. 1936-37 will again find Ihe institution with 14,000 students and a faculty of 1400. The university in 1935 consisted of twelve ma>r col- leges and schools, some 30 odd large buildings and 40 or more small ones, a sludent community of sufficient size lo boasl Ihe world's largest ROTC unit, the greatest number of fraternities on a single campus, a memorial stadium which seal- 75,000 al major foolball games, ihe world's largest band, a great student newspaper, and many other attractions which appeal to the public fully a. much as the distinguished faculty, the great library, the splendid physical planl, the great laboratories and wor'v rooms, and Ihe opportunities for individual growth and development. 722 Chicago Surface Lines The Chicago Surface Lines, \s li i < -li under the terms ol a new y the people on July 1. 1930 is to beeome a part of the consolidated local transportation system of Chicago, is the largest street ear system in the world. It comprises 1,097 miles ol traek. 5T miles of bus routes and 3,839 ears and buses. To operate the system requires approximately 18.000 employes. Last year there were 821.lo6.TTl rides on the system, more rides than the total number of telephone calls going through all the telephone exchanges of Chicago and more than the total number of first-class pieces of mail handled h\ the Chicago postoffice in the same length of time. The Surface Lines carry approximately T6 per cent of the entire local transportation load of the city. The Surface Lines system is built with a view to serving every section of the city, the tracks following generally quarter-section lines, forming a complete gridiron inside the city limits. It has had a most important part in the development of the metropolis. What it means to Chicago aside from the service it renders a- a transportation agency is indicated by the fact that more than $33,000,000 is paid out annually in wages and the total operating expenses amount to approximately $50,000,000. The liberal transfer privileges, exceeding those in any other city in the country, make the average fare per ride 3.80 cents, and the average ride per fare is a little more than 4 miles. It is possible to ride more than 35 miles on the payment of one fare of T cent-. During the past 24 years the Surace Lines has been paying to the city, 55 per cent of its residue receipts and these payments have built up a traction fund of more than S55.000.000, which is to be used in the construction of subways by the city under the provisions of the new traction ordinance. W hen the new company has been organized and has taken over the elevated and Surface Line- properties, 3 per cent ol the gross receipts of the consolidated properties will be paid to the city. The Surface Lines comprise four separate companies — the Chicago Railways Company, the Chicago City Railway Company, the Calumet and South Chicago Railway Company and the Southern Street Railway Company. Lnder the terms of the unification ordinance of 1914. all of these properties have been operated as a unified system by the Chicago Surface Lines. Henry A. Blair is president of the operating organiza- tion and Guy A. Richardson is vice president and general manager. Consolidation of the elevated and Surface Lines properties and the construction of subways will make it possible to provide a unified system for the city second to none in the world. The new company and the citv will expend $300,000,000 in the next 10 years in improving and extending the system. A Brief History of the Chicago Great Western Railroad Company The Chicago Great Western Railroad from its very small begin- ning, almost a half of a century ago, to the present time, had its origin through a charter granted in Minnesota in 1854 to the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad Company. The movement for the Company's formation was, however, not actually begun until some thirty years later, when the charter was acquired by A. B. Stickney, who commenced construction shortly aft- erwards of the first link from St. Paul. Minn, to Lyle, Minn, and opened it for operation in November, 1885. A new empire was rising in the Northwest and the far-seeing men of the time were considering plans and means for its development. Keen rivalry existed for the growing and prospective trade between the Northwest and the rich Illinois and eastern markets. In ibis vision was found the inception of the Chicago Great West- ern Railroad and the bringing of it to realization through a gradual process by the construction of new lines supplemented by the merger of other roads independently started. Thus the Chicago Great Western System was extended from Min- neapolis, eastward to Chicago, in 1887; southward to Kansas City, in 1888, and westward to Omaha, in 1904. The Chicago Great Western Railroad, at the present time, owns and operates 1.495.27 miles of road, serving directly the states of Illinois, Iowa, Kansas. Minnesota and Missouri. By intelligent and broadly conceived policy that provides the kind of equipment and operation to insure the highest type of modern rail- road service, the Chicago Great Western has kept abreast with the progress and growth of the territory traversed by its lines. An aggressive, uninterrupted program of betterment during recent years included: reballasting the entire roadbed — laying heavy rail — rebuilding bridges — reduction of grades — installation of automatic signal system — purchase of new passenger and freight equipment, and new additions and betterments, are constantly being made contem- poraneous with the best and most modern in use. Nearly a half of a century of successful operation has enabled the Chicago Great Western R. R. to provide transportation service with ever increasing usefulness to the vast productive territory it helped to build. 724 Chicago Stadium Corporation (An Illinois Corporation) OFFICERS Sidney IS. Strolz President Arthur Dixon Secretary BOARD OF DIRECTORS Harold C. Strolz, chairman, Orville J. Taylor, Chas.E. Driver, John J. Mitchell. John F. Jelke, Jr., George W. Dulany. Jr.. I)a\icl Beaton, Jr.. Vincent Bendix, Gu> M. Peters, James Norris, B. A. Massey The Chicago Stadium provides the largest itnloor enclosure with the largest seating capacity of any similar building in the \\ orld. Records for attendance have been repeatedly broken since the Stadium's opening in 1929. The following arc a few of the events that have been held. Sells Floto Circus, Rodeo, $2,000,000. Garden & Flower Show, National Hockey Games. Rotary International Convention 1930. Six Day Bicycle Races, World's Championship Glove Contests, Profes- sional Football, knights of Columbus Formal Ball. Musicales with the $300,000 Barton Organ, also Marine Band Concerts, National Indoor Golf, with two 18 hole Golf Courses and Golf Exposition. Attendance for the Amateur Tribune's Inter-city Golden Glove Contests, Chicago competing with New York showed 23.342 spectators in seats, a Worlds Record, with the floor of the Stadium iced within four hours, the Black- hawks Hockey team has repeatedly played to a seated audience of 17,896, another World's Record. The Stadium building occupies the block bounded on the South b) West Madison St., on the East by North Wood St., on the North by Warren Ave., on the West by North Lincoln St., total area, 159.275 square feet. The building containing 9,489,184 feet is symmetrically built about a central floor arena with semi-circular ends 214 leet 4 incites by 145 feet, containing 30.913 square feet and allowing for 6.448 temporary seats. Above a 12 foot wall surrounding the arena floor rises the first great bank of 7,562 seats, covering 35.928 square feet, extending to the outside walls of the building except for the extreme four corners which house the stairs, toilet and other services, to the two encircling tiers of first balcony and second balcony seats, the Hrst balconj seats 3,178 covering 26.758 square feet. Directly above this the second bal- cony the third and highest bank, with 3.518 seats, covering 26,758 square feet rises from a height of 44 feet 6 inches to the highest seat 66 feet 6 inches above the arena. All balcony and galleries are reached by separate independent stairways from each of the four corner foyers. Modern oil heating and air washed ventilation, a 14 foot basement, supplies men's and women's dressing and locker rooms, with four separate dressing rooms for Stars, a dining room and kitchen for performers. The Chicago Stadium's massive amphitheatre — here champions have been made. World's records broken, great issues decided in the world of sport, crucial contests of boxing, basketball, hockey, tennis, pageantry and spectacle, drama, music, shows, expositions, conventions, all housed under the giant roof of the CHICAGO Stadii M — is the world's greater indoor playground. 725 The Chicago Association of Commerce MOTIVE FORCE OF THE GREAT CENTRAL MARKET CHICAGO'S position as the Great Centra! Mar- vel of the world's richest continent may be accredited in major degree to its geographical and climatic position and the boundless re- sources in agricultural and mineral wealth immediately available to the slate's largest city, but there can be no discounting the part which the courage, fore- sight and constant drive of the community's com- mercial and industrial leader* have played in its un- paralleled development. To The Chicago Association of Commerce, 25 years old, largest and most pro- gress h e organization of its kind in the country and with more than 7,000 picked members constantly seeking in every constructive way to add to the pros- perity attractiveness and civic enhancement of Chi- cago, goes a great share of the credit. The success of the Association, to a great extent, lias reflected the forceful, energetic and keen leader- ship wholeheartedly given by its civic-minded execu- tives, from its first president down to the present day. An economic reason for its success is that it renders a necessary and beneficial service to organized business. The numerical strength of its membership and diversified extent of its activities today hear little re- semblance lo conditions as they were on October 9, 1'dll, when 93 merchants and manufacturers of Chi- cago, then a city approaching the two million popu- lation mark, set up a simple structure of rules and regulations governing the functioning of an organi- zation they called The Chicago Commercial Asso- Formation of such a unit of service to business was a forward step in a rapidly growing market; it was not the result of a boom or the outcome of a spontaneous feoling or spirit. Motives for founding the organiza- tion centered in the recognized need of individual and yet coordinated leadership for the many in a fast- growing market of unlimited possibilities. Events and conditions characterizing the cradle year of the Association were such as these; Roosevelt was in the W hite House and Carter H. Harrison was mayor of Chicago. Illinois was third in gross value of manu- factures, and the nation's export balance was nearly- half a billion lo the good. The Russian-Japanese war was on. St. Louis had opened its fine Louisiana Purchase Exposition. The United States Steel Cor- poration had been organized in 1901 and its common stock was selling around 9%. The first six months of the Association's life found its organization consisting mainly of its executive offi- cers and the various fundamental committees. John G. Shedd, of Marshall Field and Co., dean of Chicago merchants at the time of his death, was the Associa- tion's first president. Included in the first executive group were Edward M. Skinner, of Wilson Bros., first vice president; Richard C. Hall, of the Duck Brand Co., second vice president; and Albert A. Sprague, of Sprague, Warner and Co., third vice president. Albert M. Compton, of John V. Farwell & Co., was chairman of the Ways and Means committee. In January. 1905. the Association opened head- quarters on the ninth floor of the Great Northern building. Its latest and finest quarters occupy the c 23rd floor of the new One LaSalle building, one of Chicago's latest skyscrapers. Shortly alter its organization, the Association changed its name from the Chicago Commercial Asso- ciation lo The Chicago Association of Commerce to avoid possible confusion with a previously established Foil owing a me ibers ip can ipaign in 1907 the numb r ol business in the i tola led 2.401. By 1918 the mark had rea ched 5.805 Tod 1. III. 7.015, gives lie A Bociatic n the dist of being the largest rade group of its kin d in the world The history of th Asso ciation s a record of ace om- plishn ents from its first c oneepli n. but mo e par larly during the lal cr ye rs of i s existence Of late years. with a large and influen ial inenibi rship an increa ed budget and a wide range of activitie in which to interest it elf in behalf of Chicago busil ess. th" A ■ ....an. mi has made icteworthy contr hn- lions o the coram rcial. industr ial and cu tural life The As. ■ ml, eration was embodied in these official words: "The Chicago Commercial Association aims to promote the greater development of Chicago commerce at home and abroad, a supreme respect for law and order, leading to a higher standard of municipal character thro-igh the organiza- of the city. This year has seen the Association more prominent than ever. Under the able leadership of its president, Col. Robert Isham Randolph, nationally known en- gineer, soldier and economist, the big trade group is found taking the outstanding position in every -triuiive movement affecting Chicago and the great Metropolitan district. Whether it is a case of pro- tecting Chicago freight rates or assuring faster trans- portation, the completion of the Inland Waterway sys- roads linking the city with some new section of the Midwest, a well devised drive against cor- slaught on crime, a world-wide defense of Chicago's reputation or an expansion of its present of sito eago As boundle; the globe, the Chi ion of Commerce i fore, backed by th r of its friend: nd CHICAGO NATIONAL LIFE NSURANCE COMPANY HOME OFFICE: 1400 West Washington Blvd. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Trustees System Discount Company of Chicago OFFICERS F. J. Gibbons President D. J. Corcoran.. Vice President J. G. Born Secretary-Treasurer DIRECTORS U. J. Corcoran J. G. Born Trustees System Discount Company of Chicago, 201 North Wells Street. Chicago, Illinois, was organized to conduct the operations of Trustees System Service in the State of Illinois. Through it and its subsidiary companies, loans are made to individuals in all walks of life. This Company is an important one in the widely-known Trustees System National Organization, which began operations in 1914. It has developed and is expanding each year, and now is recognized as one of the most progressive, conservatively man- aged Industrial Finance Groups in the country. It is serving individuals' financial needs through fifteen branches east of the Mississippi. Growing recognition that has been accorded to industrial finance organizations in the past decade and particularly in the past five years has created a heavy demand for the services of industrial finance organizations. The branch of industrial finance, as engaged in by this Company, is highly endorsed by business men. civic organiza- tions, chambers of commerce, educators, economists and business students. Over eighty-five per cent of the population of this country are potential users of industrial finance service. Thousands upon thousands of individuals have gained a fresh hold on life anil now are solid substantial citizens because of the help extended by Trustees System at a critical time in their lives. This organization has performed a great public service by its successful endeavors to extend its service to all men and women in the communities where it operates. Trustees System is managed by men of wide experience in the Industrial Finance field who are recognized for their authoritative knowledge about their business and industry. There is real need for such a business where the individual may go in times of need for financial aid, just as the business man may go to his bank for financial assistance to his business. This growing recognition has placed organizations like Trustees System in a high position of esteem. Trustees System Discount Company of Chicago owns the Trustees System Build- ing, including fee, at 201 North Wells Street, Chicago. This is one of Chicago's most modern loop office buildings. Few buildings equal it in amount of daylight admitted. Reinforced concrete is used throughout. Offices are laid out for maximum economy and utility. It has earned distinction as "An International Address." In addition to being the headquarters for the Trustees System National Organization, it is the home of nationally known commercial organizations engaged in World Trade. Numerous foreign consuls are located in 201 North Wells Building and more are being added rapidly. International shipping interests, railroads and international law firms occupy large space areas in this building. The attempts of its management to make 201 North Wells the Western center of foreign trade and commerce has met with noteworthy success. It already is possible to transact much foreign busi- ness, involving foreign countries, exporters and importers, under the roof of this International Address — 201 North Wells Street. 728 729 A "rush hour" Ihrong at one of the Loop stations of the Chicago Rapid Transit Company—indicating the important role of the "L" Lines in transporting down- toun workers to and from their homes in the out- lying residential and suburban areas of Chicago. (Photo courtesy of Rapid Transit Lines) One of the right-car. all-steel trains, operated li- the Chicago Rapid Transit Company— the "L" during rush periods. (Photo courtesy of Rapid Transit lines) Typical of station facilities on the Chicago North Shore & Milwaukee Railroad (North Shore Line) — the station at Mundelein, recently erected at cost Df $50,000. (Photo courtesy oj North Shore Line) (FROM: Chicago North Shore Si Milwaukee R. B.) General view of five-car train composed entirely of new all-steel individual easy-chair coaches. 25 of which were placed ill limited service by North Shore Line between Chicago and Milwaukee on March 15, 1930. (FROM: Chicago North Shore & Milwaukee R.R.) General interior view of one of 25 new all-steel individual easv-chair coaches purchased by the North Shore Line at a cost of approxi- mately S850.00O and placed in limited service be- tween Chicago and Milwaukee on March 15, 19S0. 730 J LI M(.\N GENERATING STA- TION, PIBL1C SERVICE COM- PANY ol NORTHERN ILLINOIS CONSTRUCTION is ncaring com- plellon on the fourth unit kUowalU) at this station, which upon completion v, total station rapacity to 175,000 kilo. »attj. 132,000 volt interconnections between this station and the Public Service ' umpany's station at Joliet and to the State Line Generating -lulu .11 form a complete '■outer belt" ot power around the Chicago Metro, pol.tan Area. SUBSTATION", PUBLIC SERV- ICE COMPANl ot NORTH- ERN ILLINOIS. The policy of architectural d. -un is typified by this Vollmer Road Substation of Spanish Mission Architecture. wf »rd \>ei ue Stati on of Com- nv. ulll Ed son Cor npany Chi- the lars st electricity produc. Pi ant n Hi Middle West. Pres- pad y 12 4.000 kil awaits more 731 CHICAGO'S MOST INTERESTING HOTEL HOTEL SHERMAN 1700 ROOMS 1700 BATHS Provides unequalled luxury at low rates. In the heart of Chi- cago's Rialto with its brilliant night life — close to stores, offices, and railroad stations. HOME OF THE COLLEGE INN CHICAGO'S BRIGHTEST SPOT 732 Bradner Smith & Company Paper Merchants Three Thirty-three South Desplaines Street Chicago, III. Established 1852 Telephone: Monroe 7370 733 Index to History of Illinois Press Association Chapter I — The Founding and Meetings The Press in 1865. 1866 1867 - 1868 1869 1 870 1871 - — 1872 1873 _ — 1874 Chapte II — The Association Grows 1875 1876 1877' 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 Chapter III — The Intense Age; Women; Other Problems 18 8 5 1886 1887 _ _ — - 1888 _ Chapter IV — A Famous Meeting and Ex- cursion 1890 __ 88 Chapter V — Legislation, County Organi- zation 1891 _ ----- HI 1892 121 1893 _ ._ ----- - 124 1894 128 Chapter VI — The Beginning of Linotype Days 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 - 145 - 147 ..- 149 ... 149 _ 150 .... 154 - 156 ... 158 .... 163 _ 165 Chapter VII— Jonathan Qu siders 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 168 171 172 173 176 178 183 185 Page Chapter VIII— The Golden Jubilee and New Leadership 1915 — 190 1916 -- - 194 1917 — - 200 1918 - 201 1919 204 Chapter IX — The Association Adopts the University 1920 208 1921 - - - 210 1922 — - 213 192 3 - - 216 1924 219 Chapter X — Old Wine in New Bottles 192 5 — - 224 1926 233 Chapter XI — The School and the Triumph at Springfield 1927 — 245 1928 — — 278 1929 285 Chapter XII — A Tribute to Illustrious Men 1930 - 296 1931 31( > 1932 323 Missouri State Life Insurance Company Hillsman Taylor President One of the great, outstanding Legal Reserve Life Companies of the United States. Over $1,250,000,000.00 of life insurance iit force. 734 Index to Directory of Illinois Newspapers Pace Abendpost 555 Abingdon Kodak 417 Albany Park Times 545 Albany Review - 595 Albion Journal-Register Aledo Times Record 3 54 Alexis Argus _ _ 605 Altamont Herald _ S21 Altamont News _ - 521 Alton Evening Telegraph 454 Alvin News — . 52 1 Amboy News $95 Amerikan 569 Amerikanski Slovenec 549 Anna Democrat - 595 Anna Talk _ 5 17 Antioch News 154 Arcola, Broom and Broom-Corn News 353 Arc ola Record-Herald — 3 S3 Argo, Desplains Valley News 3 53 Argenta Register 522 Ari ington Heights Herald 547* Armington Helper — 5 24 Arrowsmith News — - - 3 54 Arthur Graphic-Clarion — .- 43 5 Ashkum Journai 3 55 Ashland Sentinel 445 Ashley, Washington County Gazette - 421 Ashton Gazette 355 Assumption, Prairie State Tribune .- 493 Astoria Argus-Searchlight 355 Atlanta Argus ... 522 Athens Free Press 358 Atkinson News — 524 Atwood Herald 42 1 Auburn Citizen 586 Auburn Parker 579 Augusta Eagle Aurora Labor News .. Aurora Beacon-News Austinite Ava Citizen Avon Sentinel Az Iras 524 591 358 572 589 B Bardolph News Barrington Review _ Barrington Community Courier Barry Adage ... 43 5 ... 3 56 ... 523 414 Batavia Herald ... 356 Baylis Guide 52 3 Beardstown Illinoian-Star .... 45 1 Beecher Herald 522 Beecher City Journal 357 Belleville Advocate 359 Belleville Daily News-Democrat ..... 589 Belleville Messenger .... Bellwood Star Progress Belvidere Daily Republican Bement Register — Benld Enterprise Benton Evening News Benton Standard Hi nsi mil.ii:, DuPage County Register Berwyn Beacon - _ Bl RWYN Nl „\\ s Berwyn Star Bethany Echo Page 516 510 357 . 545 359 . 357 360 . 547 567 (-( 4 ; .2.. W,u 361 Hi andinsville Star-Gazette ... Bloomington Daily Pantagraph Bloomington Journal 586 Hi i i [si and Bulletin 604 Hi i i Isi and Suburban Star 507 i'.i i i Mound Leader — Bluffs Weekly Times HiiA I N I llluiMi I Bradford Republican . Braidwood Index Bki i se Journal Bridgeport Leader .... Brighton News Brimi ii i n Ni ws Bb i i imi Ami ki< an Broadlands News 5 24 415 360 _ 598 511 417 515 363 526 579 16.1 v , ii ik field Events 543 Brocton Review Brookfield Suburban Magnet ... Brookport Independent .. . Buda Plain Dealer Buffalo, Tri-City Register ... Bunker Hill Gazette-News BUSHNELL, McDoNOUGH DEMOCRAT Bushnell Record Cabers 1 nquirer ( iiro 1 1 1 NiNG Citizen Cairo, Illinois Messenger.. ( alumi r Index Calumet Record Calumet City News Cambridge Chronicle — Camp Point Journai Canton Daily Ledger Canton Weekly Review Capron, Boone County Courier Carbondale Free Press Carbondale Herald Carlinville Democrat ... Carlinville, Macoupin County Enquirer Caki.yle Democrat Carlyle Union Banner Carmi Democrat-Tribune Carroli ion Patriot 526 538 437 363 362 446 436 362 515 518 438 540 544 552 362 528 364 528 364 365 533 365 457 457 365 514 600 755 Index to Directory of Illinois Newspapers Continued Page Carrollton Gazette 527 Carterviile Heraid ... 527 Carthage Gazette - —. 436 Carthage, Hancock County Journal 43 8 Carthage Republican 366 Casey Banner Times 523 Casey Reporter 529 Centralia Evening Sentinel 366 Central Northwest Topics 580 Cerro Gordo News _ 528 Chadwick Review .... 600 Champaign, Daily Illini 559 Champaign and Urbana Citizen 5 16 Champaign News-Gazette 510 Chandlerville Times .... 533 Charleston Daily Courier 525 Charleston Daily News 529 Charleston Weekly Times .... 5 37 Chatsworth Plaindealer 458 Chebanse Herald 584 Chenoa Clipper Times 530 Chester Herald-Tribune 437 Chester Press 5 14 Chicago Bladet .... .... 572 Chk ago Daily News 564 Chicago Daily Times — Sunday Times 585 Chicago Defender .... .... 579 Chicago Loop News _ 575 Chicago Heights Star 5 14 Chicago Herald and Examiner Si,3 Chicago Tribune 592 Chillicothe Bulletin .... _. 530 Chrisman Weekly Courier .... 600 Christopher Progress .... 473 Cicero News .._ .... 489 Cicero Suburban Leader 510 Cicero Times 542 Cicero Tribune ... .... 545 Cissna Park News .... 473 Clay City, Clay County Advocate 504 Clayton Enterprise 370 Clifton Advocate 585 Clinton Daily Journal and Republic .... 587 Coal City Courant 460 Cobden Review 370 Con hfster Independent 493 Colfax Press 532 Collinsville Herald 370 Columbia Star .... _ 473 Cornell Journal 371 coultervilli republican 371 Cowden Reflector 532 Creston Courier 577 Crete Record .. 372 Crystal Lake Herald _ 534 Cuba Journal 473 Cullom Chronicle-Headlight 516 Page D Dahlgren Echo .... 533 Daily Calumet 579 Daily Illustrated Times 548 Daily Jewish Courier 545 Daily Jewish Press and Progress 546 Daily Rovnost Ludu 547 Dallas City Enterprise 459 Dallas City Review .... ... 476 Dansk Tidende 546 Danville Times 562 Danvers Independent ... 372 Danville Commercial-News 605 Danville, Vermilion County Star . 476 Davis Leader .... .... 372 Decatur Herald and Review 369 Decatur Weekly News 458 Deerfield News 576 Dl 1 ri ield Press 540 Deer Creek Progress 60S Df.Kalb Daily Chronicle 371 DeKalb Daily Independent 534 Delavan Times 534 Di nni Hlasatel 547 Depue Leader 372 Di Land Tribune 443 Di it Wahrheitsfreund 556 l)i s Pi mm s Journal 577 Dis Plaines Suburban Times 489 Di cisc 11 Ami rikanisi he Buerger Zeitung 573 Diitiruh Special-Gazette 476 Divernon News 605 Dixon Evening Telegraph 436 Domacnost 569 Dongola Record 53 1 Donovan Echo . .. 484 Downers Grove Journal ... .... 578 Downers Grove Reporter 527 Duch Casu 569 Dundee, Fox Valley Herald 369 Dupo Herald 556 Durand Gazette 536 DuQuoin Daily News and Review 528 DuQuoin Evening Call ..... .... 501 Dwight Star and Herald 373 Dzif.nnik Chicagoski 554 dziennik z.7ei1noczfnia . 570 Dziennik Zwiazkowy 570 Earlville Leader — 37.3 East Dubuque Register 375 East Moline Herald 373 East St. Louis Journal .... 597 East St. Louis. St. Clair County Record 477 East Peoria, East Side News 536 Easton Enterprise 532 736 Index to Directory of Illinois Newspapers Continued Page I in, i \» \ 1 1 ii News 580 EdINBURG HtRAlD 477 I dison Norwood Timi s 543 I nw IRDSVIL] I I Nil II K.I M< IK 5 97 f.dwardsville, madison county news 5 11 Iiii\.,h\m County Review ,. 375 I i i ingham Daily Record 480 Effingham Republican 459 Ki burn Herald 374 I ldorado Daily Journal 374 Eldorado News _. __ 497 1m, in Courier-News 593 Elizabeth Weekly News ... 374 i i izabethtown, hardin county Indi PI m>i ni 5 57 I 1 k\ 11 1 e Journal .... 53 1 Elmhurst Leader 5 no I 1 \im km Press _._ 5c s Elmwood Gazette ... 375 I 1 mwood Park Clarion 5 6 J I I N l< IONAL .... 567 El Paso Journal ... 593 I Mm s News .... 5 54 Emington Joker 55S Erie Independent „ 598 Essi x Wi si Sim Ti 1 1 i'fioni 5 54 Eureka, Woodford County Journal 439 I \ iNSTON NEWS-lNDl X 5 55 Evanston Review 5 53 Evansville Enterprise 44m Independi Nl ... 5 57 I um.hii ■- > 604 Fairbury Blade Fairbury Local Record Fairfield, Wayne County Examiner Fairfield, Wayne County Priss Fairi ii id. Wayne County Record S Pill' Farmer City Jour nai Farmirsville Post Farmington Bugle Farina News Findi.<\y Enterprise ... Fisher Reporter Fithian Herald . Flanagan Home Timfs Flat Rock Journai Flora Daily News Flora Journal-Record (Absorbed by Flora Daily News) ...... FORBUNDETS VECKOTIDNING Forest Park Review Forest Park, Forest Parker Forrest Corn-Belt News _ Forreston Journal Fowler Record Franklin Times 438 460 367 367 562 574 560 562 477 536 530 3 67 368 376 480 548 549 459 381 604 53 5 Page Franklin Grove, Franklin Reporter 376 Freiburg Tribuni 5 % 2 Ikiipoki Journal Standard 586 Fulton Journal .... 529 Galena (. \/i i i i ... 381 Galesburg Labor Nius 168 Galesburg Post 377 Galesburg Register-Mad 577 Galva News Gardni r Chronic i e Geneseo Republic Geneva Republican Cii noa Ri publican- Georgetown News Gibson City Enterprise Gibson City, Gibson Courier.. Gillespie News _ Gilman Star Girard Gazette Glasford Gazette Glencoe \l u n Glen Eli n n Ni vs 111 I NVH M Vll W Glos Poi i k 525 5111 378 368 380 180 — 480 180 ■- 439 _ 383 441 555 5 5 5 558 570 Golconda Herald-Enterprise 492 Golden New Era _ 453 Granite City Press Record 5 35 Grani Park Anchor 582 Granville, Putnam County Record 45" Grays] ski Timi s 583 Grayvtlle Mercury-Independent I Greek Press 571 5"1 583 (79 442 (78 53| Grei k Star I, run Vai l l v Ran m k Greenfield Argus Greenup Press Greenville Advocate I.IIIWIH Rl\ll» (,ui i n\ ii ii Equity Union Exchangi 179 Gridli y Advani I 5 88 GRIGGSVILLl In MUM Pk 1 ss "> I 3 FIamilton Pk I ss Hammond Courier FIampshire Register Hanna City-Trivoli Index Hardin, Calhoun Herald Hardin, Calhoun News .._ Harrisburg Register Hartsburg Journal .. 1 1 irvard Herald .... Harvey Tribune Havana, Mason County Democrat 461 Hebron Times ..- 385 Herrin Daily Journal 606 481 591 (35 44" 468 383 385 583 - 386 515 737 Index to Directory of Illinois Newspapers Continued Herscher Pilot Henning News Henry News-Republican Heimatbote Herrick Bulletin Heyworth Star Highland Journal Highland News Leader Highland Park Press Hillsboro Journal Page 594 Hillsboro, Montgomery News Hlllsdale, Tri-Village Review Hinckley Reveew and Waterman Leader 481 468 539 555 379 439 594 546 442 382 481 Hindsboro New Hinsdale Doinc Hlasatel Homer Enterprise Hoopeston Chronicle-Herald _ Hopedale Times-Review Howard News Hull Enterprise Hume Record hutsonville herald Hyde Park Herald 7 llinois staatsherold lliopolis Sentinel na Observer ndustry Press pava Weekly Tribune rving Park News acksonwlle Courier acksonville journal EEEERSON PaRK TlMES erseyville, jersey county' democrat erseyville, jersey county news ewtsh Dally Forward ohnston City Progress oliet Herald-News . onesboro Gazette _ Kankakee Progressive Era Kankakee Republican-News Kansas Journal Katholisches Wochenblatt Katolik „ Knoxville, Knox County Republican- Keithsburg News Kenney Gazette-Herald Kewanee Star-Courier Kinmundy Express Kirkland Enterprise 387 460 579 443 3 84 452 580 484 385 450 453 539 476 387 510 387 581 485 485 543 452 462 571 386 384 512 453 440 594 540 538 485 484 388 452 389 389 Lacon Home Journal- Ladd Journal LaGrange Citizen LaHarpe LaHarper _ LaHarpe Qui Lake Forest, Lake Forester Lake Forest News Lakeview Bulletin Lakeview Economist Lanark Gazette Lansing Journal LaSalle Daily PosT-TRmuNE Lawrenceville Dally Record Lawrenceville, Lawrence County News Leaf River Mirror Lebanon Advertiser Leland Times Lena Star Lemont Optimist-News Lerna Eagle LeRoy Journal Lewistown Evening Record Lewistown, Fulton Democrat. Lexington Unit-Journal Liberty Bee Libertyville Independent-Register Lincoln-Belmont Booster Lincoln Evening Courier Lincolnite Litchfield News-Herald Lithuanian Daily Draugas- Loda Times Lockport Herald _ Logan Square Herald Lomax News Lombard Press Lombard Spectator London Mills, London Times Long Point Advocate Louisvllle, Clay County Republican.. Lovington Reporter Mackinaw Enterprise-Gazette Macomb Dally Journal Macomb McDonough Times — Magyar Tribune Mahomet Sucker State Manchester Star Manhattan American __ Mansfield Express Manito Community Express Manteno Independent Marengo Republican-News Marion Daily Republican Marion Evening Post Marissa Messenger Maroa News-Times 488 389 450 389 44 5 388 574 582 581 604 462 388 391 602 559 485 488 443 518 441 391 468 391 390 390 488 556 602 580 469 544 475 565 579 561 566 392 444 493 501 596 392 469 493 566 441 390 566 560 409 504 583 449 410 461 512 738 Index to Directory of Illinois Newspapers Continued Page Marseilles Daily Press 470 Marshall, Clark County Democrat 469 Marshall Herald 596 Martinsville Planet 461 Mason City Banner-Times 411 Mascoutah Herald 409 Mattoon Independent Weeki v 577 Mattoon Journal-Gazette and Commer- cial-Star __ 412 \l\ii air Times - — 543 May wood Suburban Advertiser 515 McHenry Plaindealer 470 McLean Lens 470 McLeansboro Times-Leader _ 596 Melrose Park, Melrose Parker .... 590 Melvin Motor 474 Mendon Dispatch-Times 474 Mendota Reporter and Sun-Bulletin 471 Meredosia Budget 474 Metamora Herald _ 47 5 Metropolis Gazette 412 Metropolis News - 470 Metropolis Republican-Herald 489 Middletown Ledger 449 Midlothian Messenger _.. ... 593 Milan Independent ... 413 Milford Herald-News .... 392 Milledgeville Free Press 464 Millstadt Enterprise .... Milton Beacon Minonk News-Dispatch Minier News Missions Vannen Mokena News-Bulletin Moline Daily Dispatch Moline, Gazette van Moline Momence Press-Reporter 411 4S3 413 552 571 409 410 411 475 Momence Progress 566 Monmouth Review Atlas 414 Monticello Bulletin - - 475 Monticello, Piatt County Republican 5 5 1 Morris Daily Herald ..._ 59? Morrison, Whiteside County News ... 601 Morrison, Whiteside Sentinel 414 morr1sonville tlmes - 601 Morton News 5 99 Mound City, Pulaski Enterprise _ 471 Mounds Independent — — 599 Mount Auburn Tribune _ 414 Mount Carroll, Carroll County Mir- ror-Democrat 415 Mount Carmel Republican-Register 601 Mont Clare News 581 Mount Morris Index 462 Mount Olive Herald _ J17 Mount Prospect Herald 551 Mount Pulaski Times-News 472 Mount Sterling Democrat-Message 415 Page Mount Vernon Register-News 416 Morgan Park Suburban Star 178 Moweaqua News _ 517 Murphysboro Independent 416 murrayville tribune - 412 N Naperville Clarion Narod Narod Polski Nashville Journal Nashville News .__ _ National Stock Yards, Live Stock Reporter Naujienos _ Nauvoo Independent-Rusti i ■ Neoga News New Athens Journal New Berlin Bee New Canton Press New Holland Journal Newman Independent Newton Mentor-Democrat Newton Priss Noble News Nokomis Free Press-Progress Normal Normalite Norris City Record North Shore News.. Novi Svijet Niles Center Herald . Niles Center News Niles Center Press Northbrook News .. Northcenter News ..- North Chicago Tribune North Loop News North Side News Northtown Economist North Town News North West News Northwesttown Journal None Casy-New Times ... Oakland, Coles County Ledger 478 Oakland Messenger 479 Oakland Outlook Oak Park Oak Leaves .. Oak Park Oakparker Oakwood Community News Oblong Oracle Odell Weekly News O'Fallon Progress O'Fallon Record . Ogden Courier _ 582 559 557 574 472 453 587 5 84 413 739 Index to Directory of Illinois Newspapers Continued Page Ohio Herald __ 464 Okawville Times 479 Olney Advocate __. 419 Olney Daily Mail 418 Olney Democrat 590 Olney Times - 590 Onarga Leader and Review 456 Oquawka, Henderson County Journal S09 Orangeville Courier 463 Orion Times .... ... - - 420 Oregon, Ogle County Reporter — 463 Oregon, Ogle County Republican 420 Ottawa, LaSalle County Herold ..... .... 5 09 Ottawa News — . _.. 49 S Ottawa Republican-Times S8S Onze Toekomst 571 Orland Park Herald 575 Osadne Hlasy 572 Otthon 571 Our Future 571 P Palatine Enterprise 551 Palestine Register 503 Palmyra Transcript 517 Park Ridge Herald 496 Paris Beacon-News 420 Patoka Register 450 Pana News ..._ 561 Pana Palladium — 538 Paw Paw, Lee County Times 495 Pawnee Herald 418 Paxton Daily & Weekly Record 465 Payson Times 495 Pearl City News 479 Picatonica News 4 54 Pekin Free Press 447 Pekin Times _ ._ 464 Peoria Daily Record _. 456 Peoria Evening Star 45 5 Peoria Journal-Transcript 454 Peoria Labor Gazette - 498 Peotone Vedette 5 88 Peru News-Herald 511 Pesotum Chief 520 Petersburg Democrat 498 Petersburg Observer 49S Pinckneyville Democrat 45 5 Pinckneyville, Perry County Advocate w>2 Piper City Journal 45 1 Pittsfield, Pike County Democrat..... 520 Pittsfield, Pike County Republican 423 Pittsfield, Pike County Times 423 Plainfield Enterprise 499 Plainville News ... 423 Plano, Kendall County News 422 Pleasant Hill Messenger 482 Pleasant Plains Argus 587 Page Plymouth, Tri-County Scribe 422 Pocahontas News-Patriot 46 5 Poi ism Daily _ 570 Polish Telegraf 546 Polo, Tri-County Press .... 424 Port Byron Globe\. 499 Portage-Jefferson News 581 Portage Park Times 543 Pontiac Daily Leader - __ 43 3 Potomac Record 499 Prairie du Rocher Sun..... 433 Princeton, Bureau County Record ._ 447 Princeton, Bureau County Republican 502 Princeton, Bureau County Tribune 424 Princeville Telephone 43 3 Proletarec 542 Prophetstown Echo - — - 5 02 Prosveta 5 44 Quincy Farmer-Labor Journal .... 551 Quincy Herald-Whig and Journal 448 Quincy Labor News 502 Quincy, Western Catholic .... ... 393 Ramsey News-Journai. Rankin Independent Ransom Journal Rantoul Press and Chanute Field News Raritan Reporter .... Ravenswood News Raymond Independent Red Bud Pilgrim Reddick Courier — - Reynolds Press — — - Rk hmond Gazette - rldgefarm republican Ridgway News Riverdale Pointer .... Riverside News — River Forest Leaves ... Roanoke Post Roberts Herald ..... Robinson Argus Robinson Constitution Robinson News ~ Rochelle Leader Rochelle News — Rockford Daily Journal Rockford Labor News . Rockford Morning Star Rockford Register-Republic Rock Island Argus Rock Island Tri-City Labor Review Rockton Herald Roodhouse Record — - 393 424 493 422 394 580 548 501 548 394 520 466 396 496 598 550 393 397 394 500 503 568 397 578 503 740 Index to Directory of Illinois Newspapers (.on I in Hi' J RlX.I R I'\KK Nl » s ROSI ill l< i GIS1 I : K.isi i ii i i TiMEs-Cn 1/1 s ROSK i aki \i v> s Rossville Press RUSHVII 1 i , Si HO I IK Ni v»s IUmu ii ii Timi s Russian Daily News "Rassviei Russian Kiwi* Kill )NI> RE< OKI) Sadorus Herald - — Sain i Anni Record St. Charles Chronicl io Banner St. Franc isville Times St. Joseph Record 581 Stan lord Star SAI EM Rl PUBI II SaI ONIKl Sandara Samdv ii H Free Press _... San [osi [ournal San Min Savanna Times-Journal Saybrook Gaze i i i 5< INDIA Sl X rON InDI PENDENT Si ssi R Herald „„ Shabbona, DeKalb County 1 Shannon Reporter Shavneetotn, Gallatin Democrai Shllbyville Daily Union Shelbyville Democrat .._ Shelbyvelle, Shelby County Leader Shi i don Journal Sherrard Bulletin Sibley Journai Sidele Journal Sidney Times Sigel Review _ SkANDINA) I N Slavie Slovak American News Somonauk Reveille Sorento News South End Reporter South Side Courier Southtown Economist South Side News 550 509 396 554 573 399 479 561 505 505 482 400 508 558 584 559 560 574 397 400 54) 5 13 402 51)4 399 398 447 466 402 561 399 400 483 401 4s: 5 49 569 573 402 483 SS2 Sparta News-Plaindealer - Spring Valley, Bureau County Demo- crat _ Spring Valley Gazette _ Springfield, Illinois State Journai Springfield, Illinois State Register Springfield. Illinois Tradesman Standard Opinion 5 84 403 406 537 568 403 541 TON Star-Times Steward Observer Stleleyille Ledger Steri inc. Gazette Stewardson Clipper Stockton Herald-News Stonington Star Strasburg Herald _. Streator Daily Times-Press Stronghurst Graphic Sullivan, Moultrie County News Sullivan Progress Sum ner Press Sycamore Tribune 40! - - 578 401 404 466 SO) 406 567 406 401 40) 40S ■ Sy< amore True Republican svenska amerikanaren Svi nska Standari I Ml NSKA Tribuni n-Nyheter : Table Grove Herald . Tallula Standard _ Tamaroa Times Tampico Tornado l>i i orville Breeze-Courier Teutopolis Press Thomson Ri \ ii u 1 ini i i P)kk Timi s Tisktlwa < Hill I .1 Democrat Tolono Herald Toluca Star-Herald Toxica Ni us Toulon, Stark County News Tower Hue Times Tremont News ["renton Sun Troy Call Tus< oi a Journal ! i si oi a Rt:\ iew 541 549 567 541 487 408 486 446 513 508 511 ■ 486 487 508 490 500 486 49li - - 407 519 u 5S1 L'kkan a Daily Courii k V Vandalia Leader 5 J] 4(1- 4:s (71 Vermont Union 491 in,. \ n nna Timi s 426 4:,. Villa Park Argus too Index to Directory of Illinois Newspapers Concluded Page Villa Park News 5 66 Viola Enterprise 427 Virden Recorder - _ 426 Virginia Gazette _ 42 5 W Walnut Leader 44 5 Warren Sentinel-Leader _ 427 Warrensburg, Macon County Times 427 Warsaw Bulletin - 428 Washburn Leader _ 491 Washington, Tazewell County Reporter 42 8 Waterloo Republican 429 Waterloo Times _ - 428 Watseka, Iroquois County Democrat 467 Watseka, Iroquois County Times 429 Watseka Republican 429 Wauconda Leader - _ _ 487 Waukegan News-Sun S63 Waverly Journal _ 430 Wayne City News 494 Waynesville Record 490 Weekly Review _ 5 57 Weldon Record 431 Wenona Index _ 487 West Chicago Press _ 497 Westfield Review 494 West Frankfort Daily American 430 Westmont Community Press _ 497 West Side News 582 West Suburban Times 581 Western Springs Times- West Salem Advocate Wheaton Daily Journal.. Wheaton Illinoian Page 506 _ 451 496 432 White Hall Register-Republican.- 431 Williamsville Sun _ 602 Williamsfield Times - 432 Wilmington Advocate _ 512 Wilmette Life 541 Winchester Times 43 2 Windsor Gazette _ 494 Winnetka Talk 539 Winslow Register 417 Woodlawn Booster 5 82 Woodhull Dispatch Woodstock Daily Sentinel. Woodstock Journal 417 519 491 603 556 Wood River Daily Press World _ _ Worth Citizen _ __ 539 Wyanet Record _ 417 Wyoming Post-Herald _ _ 431 Yates City Banner 430 Yorkville, Kendall County Record 421 Yugoslavia 573 Zeigler News - 603 Zeigler Messenger 577 Zgoda 569 742 Index to Past Presidents Page Page Adams, I. C. 627 L'Hotl, 1 6?9 \tkins Smith D. 625 Loomis, W. W. 637 Bailey, H. U. «u louis. V. V. C71 Bailey, J. «'. 613 Mathews, M. W . \1< [.fan, T . A. 617 Bedford, W. T. — 629 619 Bill, H. E. 637 McO itrf, J. F. . ... 63 3 ..... 623 ... 611 Bliss, C. W. 625 Morgan, Hotf V. 639 623 611 BosTvricK, C. B. 61? Page, J. M. 631 625 «31 Buck, E. B. - 613 627 6?5 Castif, J. B. Rfes, Thomas 619 Clinton, J. W. 617 Rolens, Fred M. 63! 637 621 Rosette, Clinton Rounds, S. P. Scott, Gfrry D. 621 n«vit, V. B. 631 S3? .... 639 ..... 639 619 DlKTINGER, J. E 613 Dustin, Wm. G. .... 631 619 Smith, VC. J. Goddard, Paul R. 633 S.NIVH Y, F. A 615 Gravenhorst, Albert H. _. 63 5 627 Griggs, F. H. 611 Tayi or, Cadft 615 Harrison, John H. 635 Herbert, Benjamin S. 63 5 Tufts, C. D. 623 631 Hughes, G. \i'. 629 Earner, Charles 3\". Kennedy, W. M. .. 617 617 LeBaron, John K. __ VClll MIR, H. \. . 627 743 Index to Advertisers Addressograph-Multigraph Corp — Donor American Mutual Alliance Insurance Company 681 Armour & Company 682 Barnes-Crosby Company - 684 Bingham, Samuel, Son Manufacturing Co.- 68 5 Borden Farm Products Company . ... 717 Bowman Dairy Company.. .. Donor Bradner Smith & Co ... 73 3 Burlington Railroad 67S-676 Central Public Service Corporation .... 677 Checker Taxi Company 713 Chicago Association of Commerce 726 Chicago Board of Trade 720 Chicago Great Western Railroad Company 724 Chicago Mail Order Co ... 711 Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific 693-694 Chicago Motor Club 712 Chicago National Life Insurance Co. 717 Chicago & Northwestern Railroad Co 678-679 Chicago Stadium Corporation.. 725 Chicago Surface Lines 723 Cornell, Dr. E. L. ... 703 Crawford, P. O. ... _ Donor De Paul University .... .... 716 General American Tank Car Corp Donor Goss Printing Press Co .... 714 Graham Paper Co Donor Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company 683 Halsey, Stuart & Company 710 Horder's, Inc .... 719 Household Finance Corp Donor Illinois Central Railroad Company .... 686-687 Illinois Chamber of Commerce 715 Illinois Manufacturers' Mutual Casualty Association, Inc. 721 Illinois Power & Light Corporation 688-689-690-691 Intertype Corp. 718 Johns-Manville Corporation .... .... 721 Lloyd's Property Owners Association 716 Mason, William.G Donor Miehle Printing Press and Manufacturing Co. 692 Missouri State Life Insurance Company 734 Mobile and Ohio Railroad 698 Montgomery Ward & Company 704-70 5 Morris, I. Nelson Donor Moser Paper Company. 69 5 Motorists Association of Illinois 699 Peabody Coal Company 701 Public Health Institute Donor Newman, W. J. Company 708 Rouse, H. B., and Company .__ 706 Sears, Roebuck & Company .... 696 Shell Petroleum Corporation 698 Sherman Hotel .... 732 Soo Railroad .... .... 680 Sullivan, B. H 702 Swift & Company 697 Trustees Discount System of Chicago 728 University of Illinois 711 Utilities Power & Light Corporation 700 Valentine, Watts G Donor Whiting Paper Company 709 Wilson & Company .... 707 Wilson, W. R Donor Index to Hall of Fame Page Bailey, John Withnal .... 657 Baldwin, Eugene Francis 658 Barkley, David Wright 650 Bliss, Charles Wesley ... 660 Bowles II, Samuel ... 669 Calhoun, John B 664 Clendenin, Henry Wilson 649 Clemens, Samuel 672 Clinton, John Waterbury 656 Dana, Charles Anderson 670 Davis, William Osborne 651 Delane, John Thaddeus . 667 Dickens, Charles 670 Duncan, Matthew . 661 Eddy, Henry L .... 662 Field, Eucene 659 Francis, Simeon 654 Franklin, Benjamin 666 Godkin, Edwin Lawrence 671 Grady, Henry Woodfin ... 669 Pace Greeley, Horace 666 Harden, Maximilian 672 Hall, James - 663 Harrison, John Higgins 6 59 Lawson, Victor Fremont 646 Lovejoy, Elijah Parish 648 Mfdill, Joseph Meharry 647 Nelson, William Rockhill 668 Pulitzer, Joseph 669 Raymond, Henry Jarvis 667 Pindell, Henry Means 653 Rees, Thomas S. — 661 Renaudot, Theophraste 668 Scripps, Edward Wyllis 652 Scott, Harvey Whitefield 671 Shaw, Benjamin F. <58 Stone, Melville Elijah ._ 65 5 Warren, Hooper 662 Watterson, Henry 672 White, Horace V. 659 I ir UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA 070 6IL2I C002 ILLINOIS NEWSPAPER DIRECTORY SPRINGFIELD 3 0112 033854297