s 14 GS: cir I AS 7 c. P. G)txyl Su ruo ^ STATE OF ILLINOIS WILLIAM G. STRATTON, Governor DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION VERA M. BINKS, Director r*. \°s MINERAL PRODUCTION IN ILLINOIS IN 1957 W. L Busch DIVISION OF THE ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY JOHN C. FRYE, Chief URBANA CIRCULAR 257 1958 ILLINOIS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY LIBRARY OCT 17 1958 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 3 3051 00003 8673 MINERAL PRODUCTION IN ILLINOIS IN 1957 W. L. Busch ABSTRACT The variety, amounts, and values of minerals produced in Illi- nois for 195 6 and 1957 are summarized in this annual report of Illi- nois mineral production. The value of minerals produced in 195 6 reached an all-time high of 613 million dollars. In 1957 the value fell to a preliminary 605 million but nevertheless exceeded the 600 million dollar mark, for the second year. The minerals include coal, crude oil, stone, sands and gravel, fluorspar, metals, and such re- lated items as clay products, cement, lime, natural gas, and lique- fied petroleum gases. Brief economic analyses are accompanied by tables and maps. Adirectoryof Illinois industrial mineral operations is included. ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY The 5 6, 400 square miles of Illinois might appear to the unacquainted to be predominantly agricultural land, and indeed it is one of the richest farming re- gions in the world. However, Illinois is also one of the foremost mineral-rich states of the nation, producing a variety of minerals from its many mines, pits, quarries, and wells. The value of these minerals has exceeded the half billion dollar mark for eight consecutive years, and in both 1956 and 1957 rose to over 600 million dollars. During the ten year period 1948 through 1957, the total value of minerals produced in Illinois almost equaled the total value of mineral production during the preceding twenty-five year period, 19 23 through 1947. Coal and oil, the two minerals leading in value, account for about 70 per- cent of the 1957 value of Illinois mineral output and are sources of power for manufacturing, transportation, and mechanical equipment in fields such as ag- riculture. An abundance of industrial minerals, such as sand, gravel, stone and cement-making materials, supplies the construction industries. Minerals like refractory clays, clays for pottery making, and silica sand for glass, are pro- duced in important quantities. Illinois is the leading producer of fluorspar, a mineral important in the steel, chemical, and ceramics industry. Also produced in Illinois are the metals zinc and lead, and small quantities of silver. Although its fertile soils and abundant mineral resources provide a very strong economic base for its 9.5 million people, Illinois does not contain all the minerals and ores needed to support the wide variety of important manufactur- ing enterprises present in the state. Iron ore, for example, is lacking. However, various industries have been established in Illinois because assembling of raw materials from distant sources is most economically effected here. This unique combination of agricultural and mineral wealth and favorable transportation fa- cilities provides Illinois with the foundation for a productive and enduring economy. [1] ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY p- iT) O 3 "D O a. 3 CO u X! 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X> - r-H ro 'i CD > *« M fH ai 3 3 c 03 to •H r-H • ■—1 o CO ro • co o CO ro • •rH 01 CT> :=> ai rH o 3 < — i aj i — i cn ro X o • H (H •P 0) a <+H 3 >- TJ (0 X cu p 11 -P c CO ro 10 •s 0) -p e • CO rH CO •rH c co 3 -P o c^ cn CO CO • rH • ■rH • H 0) Ifl r-< CO l«H o • H ro dJ C M > M rH e •H o 0) 3 3 o rH rH -P cn h , — i >- co •H in H M o c HH ro 4-> T3 CD c CO X) 0) X •rH +> CD 0) , — I +-> e o ■a CO • H •H CD 3 •H a r-H »r-) r-H > e aj X o CD 8 rH 3 c a a. CO M X O T3 ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1957 Table 1 of this report gives a complete summary of Illinois mineral production for 1956 and 1957 (fig. 1). It lists the various minerals produced for these years, their amounts, and total values. Table 2 shows the total value of all minerals produced in Illinois for each year from 1914 through 1957. In table 3 are tabul- ated the average price, at the source, for twelve different Illinois mineral products (fig. 2). More detailed in- formation regarding many of the miner- al products of Illinois will be found in the following tables, charts, and maps COAL INDUSTRY Coal in Illinois Illinois ranks as the fourth largest coal-producing state in the nation. During 1957 Illinois pro- Fig. 1. - Value of Illinois mineral pro- duction in 1957 was $604, 770, 000. Percentage contributions by the vari- ous segments of the Illinois Mineral Industry are shown above. duced more than 46. 6 million tons of bituminous coal, valued at an estimated 184.8 million dollars. The only states to produce larger tonnages of coal are West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Kentucky. The quantity of coal produced each year in Illinois follows very closely the national pattern, up or down, and amounts to about 9 percent of the national total (fig. 3). For many years the annual value of coal mined in Illinois exceeded that of any other mineral produced within the state. Although petroleum has only recently overtaken coal in annual dollar value, the vast coal reserves and near- by markets assure a long future for the Illinois coal industry. In fact, the cal- culated reserves of minable bituminous coal in Illinois, amounting to some 137 billion tons, exceed those of any other state. Markets The major market area for Illinois coal is in the rich Upper Mississippi Valley states to the north and west of Illinois, in spite of the fact that compe- tition among coal, oil, and gas as fuels is keen. Illinois coal cannot move to the east or south to any appreciable extent because of the movement of coal from the Appalachian and Kentucky coal fields toward the highly industrialized south- em shores of the Great Lakes region. Also, Illinois coal cannot penetrate the southwest market area because it is dominated by easily available oil and gas. Therefore, Illinois coal is marketed chiefly in Illinois with other amounts going to Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, and Missouri for general purpose uses. How- ever, it should be pointed out that certain Illinois coals have been shipped to markets in the iron and steel industry for metallurgical purposes. ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 600- Fluorspor and ffi8%j ~ metals yXyXy Sand, gravel Clay produds Rock products Crude oil and associated products Coal YEARS 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 Fig. 2. - Illinois mineral production compared in value for 1951-1957. Uses One of the foremost uses for Illinois coal is in the electric utility field. Power stations throughout Illinois are near ample supplies of high-grade fuel to fire the boilers for the production of electrical energy, now in ever growing demand. Another use for Illinois coal is in the field of general manufacturing and processing throughout the Upper Mississippi Valley area. A third use for Illinois coal is for space-heating purposes in rural areas and in those commun- ities where other sources of heat are not available or where cost is a deciding factor. The traditional railroad market, supplying fuel for firing steam locomo- tives, is virtually gone because most railroads have switched to diesel locomo- tives, but the few remaining steam locomotives still use small amounts of coal. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1957 5 Table 2. - Value of Illinois Mineral Production, 1914-1957 3 (Thousands of dollars) Mineral Mineral Mineral Year production Year production Year production 1914 $117,166 1929 $182,791 1944 $342,832 1915 114,446 1930 148,311 1945 344,267 1916 146,360 1931 108,066 1946 379,673 1917 234,736 1932 71,693 1947 458,734 1918 271,244 1933 74,837 1948 567,624 1919 213,701 1934 89,212 1949 487,808 1920 373,926 1935 96,484 1950 539,236 1921 254,019 1936 117,916 1951 542,031 1922 244,618 1937 133,437 1952 500,820 1923 282,761 1938 130,155 1953 501 , 926 1924 235,796 1939 215,157 1954 519,242 1925 231,658 1940 287,327 1955 570,653 1926 237,242 1941 333,225 1956 613,364* 604,770 b 1927 180,394 1942 341,835 1957 1928 188,099 1943 337,912 * Revised figure. a Compiled from figures by the U. S. Geological Survey, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Illinois State Department of Mines and Minerals, and the Illinois State Geological Survey, b Preliminary figure. Coke Industry One other significant and growing use for Illinois coal is in the iron and steel industry which uses large quantities of coke in the blast furnace to reduce iron ore to a free metal. Coke is made by heating certain coals to a high temp- erature in order to drive off moisture and volatile matter, leaving a solid sponge- like residue that burns readily and produces the high temperature necessary to smelt iron ore. The coal from which coke is made is found mainly in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, eastern Kentucky, and Alabama. For Illinois iron makers, this means that the cost of the coal used to make coke is high because of the freight rate from eastern states. Furthermore, the traditional supplies of coal for metallug- gical purposes are limited, and the industry recognizes its need of additional sources of coal for coking purposes. Finally, the development of alternative methods of ore reduction are not likely to replace the blast furnaces, but will probably be applicable only in special circumstances where resources permit smaller units and more costly processes than the blast furnace. Because iron and steel output is expected to expand in the future, with corresponding increased demands for coke, ways of using Illinois coal for cok- ing purposes have been investigated by the Illinois State Geological Survey. As a result of these studies, Illinois coal producers are preparing increased amounts of Illinois coal for use in the manufacture of metallurgical coke. 6 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table 3. - Average Prices of 111 inois Mineral Products Crude Limestone Silica Coal oil dolomite Cement Lime sand Year (ton) (bbl.) (ton) (bbl.) (ton) (ton) 1947 $3.15 $2.10 $1.17 $1.88 $9.15 $1.72 1948 3.88 2.77 1.26 2.04 10.60 1.91 1949 4.04 2.77 1.23 2.11 11.58 2.08 1950 4.05 2.77 1.21 2.19 12.15 2.13 1951 4.07 2.77 1.20 2.40 12.70 2.28 1952 4.10 2.77 1.27 2.40 12.84 2.30 1953 3.95 2.91 1.24 2.54 13.44 2.38 1954 3.82 3.00 1.27 2.57 13.95 3.07 1955 3.66 2.93 1.22 2.66 14.62 3.41* 1956 3.84 2.95 1.36 2.93 15.25 3.62 Sand Gravel Fluorspar Zinc Lead Silver Year (ton) (ton) (ton) (ton) (ton) (ounces) 1947 $ .69 $ .58 $36.78 $242.00 $290.00 $ .905 1948 .72 .65 36.64 266.00 358.00 .905 1949 .74 .65 38.23 248.00 316.00 .905 1950 .74 .68 39.52 278.00 266.00 .905 1951 .74 .75 45.49 364.00 346.00 .905 1952 .72 .71 50.35 332.00 322.00 .905 1953 .74 .76 52.46 218.00 266.00 .905 1954 .73 .78 55.54 216.00 274.00 .905 1955 .77 .85 47.12 246.00 298.00 .905 1956 .75 .83 47.51 274.00 314.00 .905 * Revised figure. a Subj< ;ct to revision. In 195 6, according to a report issued by the United States Bureau of Mines, some 570.5 thousand tons of Illinois coal were used in Illinois and Indiana by the steel industry for blending with eastern coals for the production of metallurgical coke. Recent investigations indicate that the demand for Illinois coal for cok- ing purposes will increase in the future . Transportation Illinois coal goes to market by one of several different methods of transportation or by a combination of them. Railroads carry the bulk of Illinois coal to its various market areas and usually takes care of the major portion of the long-haul ship- ments. ) r \ ILLINOIS | |N( / AN \ ( \/ KENTUCKY , PENNSYLVANIA [ OHIO /i . TWEST / ^VIRGINIA- > / 6 .\ ,>-*' VIRGINIA Fig. 3. - States that produced 90 per- cent of the nation's bituminous coal in 1957. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1957 7 Table 4. - Percent of Total Value Contributed by Various Segments of the Illinois Mineral Industry 3 Petroleum Stone Clay Sand Fluorspar Total Year Coal products products products and gravel and metals percent 1947 46.9 32.9 7.7 7.4 3.1 2.0 100.0 1948 45.2 34.5 7.5 7.9 3.0 1.9 100.0 1949 39.4 38.7 8.6 7.8 3.4 2.1 100.0 1950 43.0 33.6 8.2 9.0 3.5 2.7 100.0 1951 41.2 32.6 9.2 9.9 3.7 3.4 100.0 1952 37.4 35.2 11.3 8.7 4.0 3.4 100.0 1953 36.2 36.7 11.4 9.2 4.0 2.5 100.0 1954 30.7 41.6 11.8 9.1 4.9 1.9 100.0 1955 29.3 42.7 11.3 9.6 4.5 2.6 100.0 1956 30.0 40.6 12.2 9.6 5.0 2.6 100.0 a Source: Illinois Geological Survey Mineral Production Reports. A second method of transporting coal from the mine or producing area to market is by means of the rapidly expanding water carriers on the inland water- ways. Coal-consuming industries and coal producers are locating on, or as near as possible to, inland waterways. This development, very important to the coal industry, has been especially significant on the Ohio River in Ohio, Ken- tucky, and West Virginia. The effect is already seen in the increased output of coal from these states, and further industrial expansion is anticipated for these areas. Loading docks in Illinois for the transfer of coal from rail or truck to barge are located at Rock Island and Alton on the Mississippi River, at Peoria and Liverpool on the Illinois Waterway, and at Shawneetown and Joppa on the Ohio River. Situations requiring a combination of carriers, as suggested above, occur when coal is loaded on railroads to be hauled to dock-side for loading on barges for further transportation by river. At some places coal is trucked to dock-side for further movement by inland waterway. Another type of transfer occurs on the south side of Chicago near Lake Michigan where coal from railway cars is dumped, then by a conveyor system is loaded into a lake boat for transportation to upper, lake-port markets. A final method of hauling coal is by truck. In 1957 about 12 percent of the state's total production was moved from mine to market by this method. How- ever, the distance of haul is usually relatively short because truck-hauling of coal is primarily for local markets near the mine in both urban and rural areas. Production The record of coal production in Illinois for 1957 is shown in tables 5, 6, and 7. Table 5 summarizes the 1957 production record by giving a complete county-by-county tabulation of amounts of coal produced, type of mining (strip or underground), number of mines, and the approximate value of the product. This table also shows that of the 35 counties that produced coal, 13 produced more than one million tons each, or 90 percent of the state's output. Coal production by stripping methods predominates in the northwest count- ies of Fulton and Knox and is important also in Perry, Randolph, St. Clair, Sa- line, Vermilion, Williamson, and Bureau counties. Since 1951 the amount of ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ILLINOIS COUNTIES PRODUCING COAL in 1957 | 2,500,000 tons or more 500,000 to 2,500,000 tons ... . . .1 100.000 to 500.000 tons less thon 100,000 tons Totol Production 46,682,889 tons 35 counties producing Fig. 4. - Illinois coal production by counties in 1957. coal produced in Illinois by stripping methods has varied from about 16.4 million tons to about 19.8 million tons per year. During this period, total coal produced in the state ranged from a high of 54.8 million tons to a low of 41.7 million tons. The comparative figures indicate that the coal-stripping industry in Illinois not only has maintained a rather con- stant tonnage production, but has gradually increased the percentage ratio; in 1957 the strip-mine industry produced some 19.8 million tons or 42 percent of the total coal produced in the state. Table 6 shows the accumulated production by counties since 1882 when mining records were begun. Eleven counties have produced more than 100 million tons of coal in the 76 years of recorded production and they account for three- fourths of the state's entire output. Of the 70 counties that have produced coal from 1882 to the present time, 35 are still producers (fig. 4). ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION. 1957 Table 5. - Illinois Coal Production by Counties in 1957 a County Bureau Christian Clinton Douglas Franklin Fulton Gallatin Greene Hancock Henry Jackson Jefferson Kankakee Knox LaSal le Livingston Logan Macoupin Madison Marion Menard Mercer Montgomery Peoria Perry Randolph St. Clair Saline Sangamon Schuyler Vermilion Washington Will Williamson Number of mines 1 2 2 1 4 23 11 1 1 3 9 2 1 4 4 2 1 2 4 1 3 1 1 15 7 4 10 17 2 4 9 2 1 40 Tons mined Underground 5,738,338 64,935 423,880 4,592,021 56,939 121,413 81,369 699,544 3,010,200 Strip 875,544 C 5,428,943 88,619 5,248 34,522 506,941 6,281 843,475 1,898,117 9,186 2,222 30,235 - 431 , 340 - 910,165 - 50,628 - 14,915 - - 249 1,602,483 - 33,893 315,887 1,164,472 2,260,773 628,267 854,993 2,038,439 1,971,320 1,215,438 1,327,361 116,839 - 12,383 6,091 60,995 1,027,153 35,706 - - 134,178 3,664,073 2,286,876 Total tons 875,544 5,738,338 64,935 423,880 4,592,021 5,485,882 210,032 5,248 34,522 81,369 1,206,485 3,016,481 843,475 1,898,117 9,186 2,222 30,235 431 , 340 910,165 50,628 14,915 249 1,602,483 349,780 3,425,245 1,483,260 4,009,759 2,542,799 116,839 18,474 1,088,148 35,706 134,178 5,950,949 Total value $ 3,467,154 22,723,818 257,143 1,678,565 18,184,403 21,724,093 831,727 20,782 136,707 322,221 4,777,680 11,945,265 3,340,161 7,516,543 36,377 8,799 119,731 1,708,106 3,604,253 200,487 59,063 986 6,345,833 1,385,129 13,563,970 5,873,710 15,878,646 10,069,484 462,682 73,157 4,309,066 141,396 531,345 23,565,758 Total 195 26,798,910 19,883,979 46,682,889 $184,864,240 a Source: Production figures, Illinois State Department of Mines and Minerals, b Average value for Illinois coal, f.o.b. mine, estimated at $3.96 per ton, 1957. c Includes 144,929 tons mined in Henry County, d Includes 192,883 tons mined in Grundy County, and 169,689 tons mined in Will County. 10 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table 6. - Coal Production by Illinois Counties, 1882-1957 c Total Total years production of County (in tons) production Adams 46,186 15 Bond 7,355,569 57 Brown 57,324 34 Bureau 51,275,305 73 Calhoun 96,247 27 Cass 212,477 53 Christian 228,388,596 73 Clark 4,482 2 Clinton 38,540,304 76 Coles 198,932 6 Crawford 44,786 13 Douglas 2,284,003 12 Edgar 915,698 41 Effingham 796 1 Franklin 481,297,870 59 Fulton 190,434,392 76 Gallatin 5,343,457 73 Greene 644,611 74 Grundy 40,849,682 76 Hamilton 22,097 16 Hancock 733,286 71 Hardin 40 1 Henry 22,246,059 76 Jackson 85,642,153 76 Jasper 23,739 11 Jefferson 18,915,770 54 Jersey 120,350 59 Johnson 244,004 52 Kankakee 7,362,580 38 Knox 32,747,792 76 LaSalle 65,534,745 76 Livingston 10,109,162 76 Logan 14,305,615 73 Macon 11,000,468 65 Macoupin 261,988,924 76 McDonough 2,634,903 69 McLean 5,544,139 47 Madison 160,472,060 76 Marion 39,117,484 76 Marshall 12,516,141 70 Menard 13,385,232 76 Mercer 14,999,171 70 Monroe 8,284 13 Montgomery 87,939,987 76 Morgan 190,787 Illinois State De 64 a Source: partment of Min Last year of production 1942 1942 1950 1957 1912 1941 1957 1955 1957 1888 1942 1957 1952 1890 1957 1957 1957 1957 1957 1905 1957 1890 1957 1957 1939 1957 1951 1956 1957 1957 1957 1957 1957 1947 1957 1951 1928 1957 1957 1951 1957 1957 1941 1957 1951 ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION. 1957 11 Table 6. - Continued Total Total years Last year production of of County (in tons) production production Moultrie 2,032,236 16 1924 Peoria 66,955,163 76 1957 Perry 171,481,268 76 1957 Pike 5,081 8 1942 Pope 1,562 11 1938 Putnam 10,071,893 29 1938 Randolph 73,311,748 76 1957 Richland 154 1 1890 Rock Island 3,846,169 67 1948 St. Clair 234,168,856 76 1957 Saline 195,514,349 76 1957 Sangamon 232,772,851 76 1957 Schuyler 3,017,551 75 1957 Scott 612,476 61 1942 Shelby 4,119,763 67 1950 Stark 1,227,280 69 1952 Tazewell 17,633,802 75 1956 Vermilion 152,911,277 76 1957 Wabash 186,144 29 1943 Warren 685,466 73 1954 Washington 17,835,032 76 1957 White 1,675 741 36 1940 Will 37,292,432 76 1957 Williamson 318,357,133 76 1957 Woodford 7,810,160 70 1951 Total (1882-1957) 3,469,322,276 Estimated production (1833-1881) 73,386,123 Total production (1833-1957) 3,542,708,399 PETROLEUM INDUSTRY Oil production in the United States during 1957 amounted to more than 2.6 billion barrels, and it was the sixth consecutive year that this country produced more than 2 billion barrels of crude oil. Ten states, eight of them west of the Mississippi River, accounted for almost 94 percent of the 1957 domestic pro- duction (table 11). Texas holds the dominant position with about 41.5 percent of the nation's output. California, Louisiana, and Oklahoma, the three next largest producing states, contributed a combined total of about 33.5 percent of the domestic production. Of the top ten oil producing states, six of them - Kan- sas, Wyoming, New Mexico, Illinois, Colorado, and Mississippi - are com- paratively small producers. A continued and uninterrupted supply of liquid fuels is essential to present day living, However, it is significant (table 12) that for the first time in many years the estimated reserves of oil in this country failed to reach a new high. 12 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table 7. - National Production of Bituminous Coal, 1954-1957 c (thousands of tons) Percent * 1957 b of 1957 State 1954 1955 1956 total West Virginia 115,996 139,168 155,891 155,000 31.6 Pennsylvania 72,010 85,713 90,287 86,300 17.6 Kentucky 56,964 69,020 74,555 75,000 15.3 Illinois 41,971 45,932 48,102 46,800 9.6 Ohio 32,469 37,870 38,934 36,000 7.3 Virginia 16,387 23,508 28,063 29,000 5.9 Indiana 13,400 16,149 17,089 16,200 3.3 Alabama 10,282 13,088 12,663 13,200 2.7 Tennessee 6,429 7,053 8,848 7,300 1.5 Utah 5,008 6,296 6,522 6,750 1.4 Total 370,916 443,797 480,954 471,550 96.2 All other states 20,790 391,706 20,836 464,633 19,920 500,874 18,450 490,000 3.8 Grand total 100.0 * Revised figures. a Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines. b Preliminary figures. In fact, the estimated reserves fell by some 134 million barrels. This is a small decline from the previous year, but in consideration of the continued and grow- ing demand for liquid fuels in the United States, the point is not to be disre- garded. In regard to the question of oil reserves, the industry each year makes a survey of the amount of oil reserve that has been proved and can be produced under current conditions of price and production practices. The oil reserves of the states and of the country, therefore, are established each year. The figures must not be misunderstood. They do not mean that all the oil in a state or in the nation has been discovered, but the figures given do represent a known amount of oil on a given date. Like a bank balance, amounts are added or withdrawn from day to day. However, continual exploration for oil is an established part of the oil industry. Illinois Oil Production Oil production in Illinois for 1957 was estimated to be 76, 649, 000 barrels. This amount was about 5, 665, 000 barrels, or approximately 7 percent less than the 82, 314, 000 barrels produced in 1956. Peak production for Illinois oil was attained in 1940 when 147, 647, 000 barrels were produced, after which production gradually declined to a low of 59, 025, 000 barrels in 1953. In 1954 the down- ward trend was reversed and production increased to the 195 6 post-war high of 82, 314, 000 barrels. The average value for Illinois oil in 1957 was estimated at $3. 13 per barrel for a total value of almost 240 million dollars for the amount produced. (See fig. 5.) Although for many years the value of coal mined in Illinois exceeded that of of any other mineral produced within the state, the value of crude oil, since ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION. 1957 13 Millions of Borrels - O O O O 10 35 1915 1925 1935 1945 1955 1965 Fig. 5. - Illinois production of crude petroleum, 1905-1957. 1954, has been substantially greater than the value of coal. For 1957, Illinois crude oil, together with its associated products of gas and liquefied petroleum gases, accounted for about 40 percent of the state's total mineral product. Illinois leads all states lying wholly east of the Mississippi River in oil production for 1957. Illinois produced about 43 percent of the total for these states compared with 22 percent for second ranking Mississippi. At the end of 1957, Illinois ranked eighth in the nation in the production of crude oil. How- ever, during 1940, the year of peak production, Illinois ranked fourth in the nation, exceeded only by Texas, California, and Oklahoma. The improved volume of oil production in Illinois for 1955 and 1956 re- sulted from increases in secondary recovery operations and increases in drill- ing (table 8). Early in 1955 the Eldorado Consolidated pool also contributed greatly to the high production rate. Although expansion of secondary recovery operations was enough to maintain the rate of production through 195 6, it can- not be expected to do so indefinitely. Drilling activity in Illinois during 1957 was down considerably from the 195 6 rate. However, the decline in volume of oil produced during 1957 was due mostly to temporary reduction of refinery operations caused by a strike, and does not necessarily reflect a drop in poten- tial production. The area of proved production in Illinois, including abandoned pools, at the end of 1956 was about 539, 000 surface acres for oil and 29, 000 for gas. Of this amount about 375, 800 oil acres and about 16, 500 gas acres were in pools discovered since January 1, 19 37, the year the new oil fields were opened in Illinois. (See fig. 6.) An average of 25 to 35 new pools have been discovered annually in Illi- nois for about 20 years. In 1956 only 18 new pools were discovered, and the number may continue to be smaller than in the past (fig. 7). As productive areas are drilled up, discovery wells are more apt to be extensions of pools rather than discovery wells of new pools. 14 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table 8. - Illinois Well Completions and Production, 1936-1957 Proc lucing wells Production Percent of (thousands Year Completions Number completions of barrels) 1936 93 52 56.0 4,445 1937 449 292 65.0 7,426 1938 2,536 2,010 79.0 24,075 1939 3,617 2,970 82.0 94,912 1940 3,755 3,080 82.0 147,647 1941 3,807 2,925 77.0 134,138 1942 2,017 1,179 58.0 106,590 1943 1,791 1,090 61.0 82,256 1944 1,991 1,229 62.0 77,413 1945 1,763 1,094 62.0 75,210 1946 2,362 1,387 59.0 75,297 1947 2,046 1,102 54.0 66,459 1948 2,489 1,316 53.0 64,808 1949 2,741 1,447 53.0 64,501 1950 2,894 1,328 46.0 62,028 1951 2,383 947 40.0 60,244 1952 2,077 854 41.0 60,071 1953 2,161 1,161 54.0 59,025 1954 3,254 1,896 58.0 66,940 1955 3,885 2,164 56.0 81,131 1956 3,640 1,742 48.0 82,314 1957 2,585 1,114 43.0 76,649 b,c a Includes only oil and gas producers and dry holes. b Based on information furnished by oil and pipeline companies. c From U. S. Bureau of Mines through 1950. Table 9. - Illinois Fields That Produced More Than One Million Barrels of Oil During 1957 Rank, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Field Louden Southeastern Illinois Clay City Consolidated Salem Consolidated New Harmony Consolidated Dale Consolidated Central ia Roland Consolidated Sailor Springs Consolidated Inman East Consolidated Albion Consolidated Total Other fields State total Production (barrels) 11,800,000 9,694,000 8,262,000 5,668,000 3,681,000 2,665,000 2,543,000 2,437,000 1,627,000 1,451,000 1,292,000 51,120,000 25,529,000 76,649,000 Percent of state total 15.3 12.7 10.8 7.4 4.8 3.4 3.3 3.2 2.2 1.9 1.6 66.6 33.4 100.0 ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION. 1957 15 Table 10. - Estimated Oil Production by Illinois Counties in 1956 c Production Value (thousands Percent (thousands Co unty of barrels) of total of dollars) Bond 1,090 1.32 $ 3,215.5 Christian 1,846 2.24 5,445.7 Clark and Cumberland 2,120 2.58 6,254.0 Clay 4,153 5.05 12, 251. J Clinton 2,295 2.79 6,770.2 Coles 1,636 1.99 4,826.2 Crawford 2,953 3.59 8,711.3 Douglas 724 0.88 2,135.8 Edgar 116 0.14 342.2 Edwards 1,520 1.85 4,484.0 Effingham 558 0.68 1,646.1 Fayette 10,369 12.60 30,588.5 Franklin 2,075 2.52 6,121.3 Hancock and McDonough 67 0.08 197.7 Gallatin 3,057 3.71 9,018.1 Hamilton 4,252 5.17 12,543.4 Jasper 1,958 2.38 5,776.1 Jefferson 2,832 3.44 8,354.4 Lawrence 4,866 5.91 14,354.7 Macon 72 0.09 212.4 Madison 415 0.50 1,224.3 Marion 7,210 8.76 21,269.5 Monroe 1 - 3.0 Montgomery 5 - 14.8 Moultrie 6 - 17.7 Perry 18 0.02 53.1 Randolph 218 0.26 643.1 Richland 2,881 3.50 8,498.9 St. Clair 16 0.02 47.2 Saline 2,390 2.90 7,050.5 Sangamon 40 0.05 118.0 Shelby 21 0.02 62.0 Wabash 3,306 4.02 9,752.7 Washington 1,159 1.41 3,419.1 Wayne 7,314 8.89 21,576.3 White 8,755 10.64 100.00 25,827.2 Total 82,314 $242,826.3 a Subject to revision. b Average price estimated at $2.95 per barrel 16 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY "V:r" j JO 0AV11SS STtPMENSON | «nNM.e*90| z i °y< ;t~ i. ,..h r~ X-_ ,. ' t O (I I »/ WOODFORD ILLINOIS COUNTIES PRODUCING OIL in 1956 5,000,000 barrels or more 2,500,000 to 5,000,000 borrels 500,000 to 2,500,000 barrels less than 500,000 barrels ."H -H "P^ | LIVINGSTON < -V- I IxJ "V J i i ■ M LEAN F0BD ' ^ -feriy-^-Y-^n/^rl SI ■ * , ,kJy c • » « i u r^i "Vw / ' — i 1. ■ S*»G*MON V X^.V^n ! ^ J7T . .WoOUGUl;/ ■ / ' MOflGAN [ SArM ** M " N fcV. . . . p 1 I'.t .-/J. \ r ic t \scott\ \ (-■?',, ■!Wj---i*ouL R.tJ^V-^ l ~ ^\ j L — i L^^j/cMBisTuit'v! ^^c^-iol'ty-i ■ it Jtnsc* ¥ P> lNOOLPh PfWV Totol Production 82,314,000 barrels 38 counties producing UNION WJOHNSONjP f Fig. 6. - Illinois oil production by counties in 195 6. Table 9 shows that two-thirds of the state's 1957 production came from the 11 fields that produced more than one million barrels each. The Centralia pool, which had been producing less than one million barrels of oil per year, increased its output to over 2.5 million barrels in 1957 as a result of water- flooding. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1957 17 5 1 ■"«•-. i SCALE OF MILES % OIL FIELD. < ABANDONED ^GASFIELO. ^ABANDONED JANUARY I, 1958 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SVWEr Fig. 7. - Oil pools discovered in Illinois in 1957. 1 Beverly Gas 6 Corinth North 12 New Memphis 2 Chesterfield East 7 Deering City 3 Clifford 8 Exchange West 4 Corinth 9 Gila 5 Corinth East 10 Grayson 11 New Douglas South 13 Roby West 14 Tamaroa South 15 Turkey Bend 16 Watson ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table 11. - National Production of Crude Oil, 1 954-1 957 a uuoanuo wi ua 11C 1.9 / Percent of 1957 State 1954 1955 1956* 1957 b total Texas 974,275 1,053,297 1 ,107,808 1 ,085,918 41.5 California 355,865 354,812 350,754 339,668 13.0 Louisiana 246,558 271,010 299,421 323,199 12.3 Oklahoma 185,851 202,817 215,862 215,111 8.2 Kansas 119,317 121,669 124,204 121,705 4.6 Wyoming 93,533 99,483 104,830 106,616 4.1 New Mexico 74,820 82,958 87,893 94,759 3.6 111 inois 66,798 81,423 82,346 78,278 3.0 Colorado 46,206 52,653 58,516 54,867 2.1 Mississippi 34,240 37,741 2,357,863 2 40,824 ,472,458 2 39,202 1.5 Total 2,197,463 ,459,323 93.9 All other states 117,525 126,565 2 144,825 2 159,199 6.1 Grand total 2,314,988 2,484,428 ,617,283 ,618,522 100.0 * Revised figures. a Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines. b Preliminary figures. Table 12. - Estimates of Proved Oil Reserves in Illinois and Other States 3 (millions of barrels) Reserve change 1957 1958 from 1957 700 655 -45 68 67 -1 992 947 -45 3,675 3,857 +182 835 832 -3 2,010 1,942 -68 14,783 14,555 -228 1,363 1,420 +57 30,434 30,300 -134 a Source: American Petroleum Institute. b Figures as of January 1, each year. State 1955 1956 Illinois 658 691 Indiana 67 61 Kansas 978 998 Louisiana 2,962 3,255 New Mexico 806 820 Oklahoma 1,955 2,016 Texas 14,982 14,934 Wyoming 1,304 1,374 United States 29,561 30,012 ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION. 1957 19 Table 13. State Estimates of Natural Gas Reserves in Illinois and Other States 3 (billions of cubic feet) 1955 Illinois 254 Indiana 36 Kansas 15,758 Kentucky 1,287 Louisiana 36,800 New Mexico 17,241 Oklahoma 12,396 Texas 105,129 Wyoming 2,855 United States 211,711 1956 234 33 16,293 1,262 42,436 18,585 13,205 108,288 3,196 223,697 Reserve change 1957 1958 from 1957 220 166 -54 34 31 -3 17,566 19,296 +1,730 1,246 1,225 -21 45,054 51,436 +6,382 23,473 22,258 -1,215 13,775 14,259 +484 112,729 113,084 + 355 3,236 3,457 +221 237,775 246,569 +•8,794 a Source: American Gas Association, b Figures as of January 1, each year. STONE, SAND, AND GRAVEL Crushed stone, from limestone and dolomite, is the most important stone product in Illinois. The material is used in construction, highway building, railway roadbeds, agriculture, the chemical and metallurgical industries, ce- ment and lime manufacture, and for several minor uses. The counties leading in the production of crushed stone for various pur- poses are Cook, Kankakee, Livingston, Randolph, St. Clair, and Will. In 1956 each of these counties reported a production of more than one million tons, but Cook County led with a production of more than 1 1 million tons . Although only six counties in the state produced more than one million tons of crushed stone, almost half of the counties in Illinois have reported recent stone production. Revised figures for 195 6 (table 14) show that Illinois producers reported a little more than 28 million tons of stone produced, not including stone used in the manufacture of cement and lime. This amount of stone was valued at more than 38 million dollars, or an average of about $1.36 per ton. Estimated production figures for 1957 indicate a decrease in tonnage from the 195 6 amount. Although the total value of the 1957 production is also less than the 1956 figure, the average value amounts to about $1.40 per ton. A survey of some of the various types of construction which would require the use of crushed stone as well as the use of common sand and gravel (table 15), would include the following: Highway and road building and maintenance, both paved and unpaved surfaces; residential construction including new units and additions and alterations to existing units, both urban and rural; nonresidential buildings of industry including factories, office buildings, warehouses, stores, garages, and restaurants; other types of nonresidential buildings in- cluding schools, churches, hospitals and institutions, and recreational struc- tures. In the category of public utility construction are such enterprises as railroad facilities, telephone installations, electric light and power projects. Under the heading of public construction would come military installations, ad- ministrative and service buildings, housing projects, sewer and water systems, and many other developments. The above inventory of the various kinds and types of construction involving the use of crushed stone or the use of sand and gravel is only a partial list of the many uses to be found for these materials. 20 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table 14. - Illinois Limestone and Dolomite Production, 1956-1957 1956* 1957 b Use Tons Value Tons Value Agricultural 3,086,476 $ 4,009,224 3,374,163 $ 4,504,523 Construction and paving 22,377,435 30,432,718 20,145,000 28,320,000 Metallurgical 321,996 554,817 278,200 478,500 Railroad ballast 982,979 1,258,465 857,337 1,105,420 Other 1,236,604 1,836,865 1,020,300 1,536,557 Total 28,005,490 $38,092,089 25,675,000 $35,945,000 * Revised figures. a Excluding stone used in manufacture of cement and lime. b Estimated figures. Table 15. - Illinois Sand a and Gravel Production, 1956-1957 1956* 1957 b Uses Tons Value Tons Value Building sand 7,826,936 $ 5,811,036 6,937,500 $ 5,270,000 Paving and road sand 2,209,458 1,710,227 1,942,500 1,550,000 Other sand 424,906 331,329 370,000 302,500 Total sand 10,461,300 7,852,592 9,250,000 7,122,500 Building gravel 7,149,823 6,228,307 6,440,000 5,750,000 Paving and road gravel 4,729,226 3,528,833 4,255,000 3,279,500 Rail-road ballast 515,697 367,895 460,000 331,500 Other gravel 381,860 445,445 345,000 414,000 Total gravel 12,776,606 10,570,480 11,500,000 9,775,000 Total sand and gravel 23,237,906 $18,423,072 20,750,000 $16,897,500 * Revised figures. a Exclusive of silica sand and natural bonded molding sand. b Estimated figures. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1957 21 AGRICULTURAL LIMESTONE Increased crop yields resulting from the application of commercial fertil- izers will ultimately require use of agricultural limestone for replenishment of calcium in the soil. Some land is in pasture to which farmers generally do not apply limestone, but large areas of cropland remain inadequately limed and there is need for demonstrating that investment in limestone is more than returned in larger production. Because agricultural limestone is an important commodity to the farmer as well as to the quarry operator, a special agstone canvass was conducted among stone producers to ascertain the amount of agstone sold by quarrymen for use in Illinois during 1957. The information reported on the returned questionnaires is summarized in the following figures: Illinois agstone production in 1957 amounted to 3, 374, 163 tons and was valued at $4, 504, 523 at the quarry, averaging $1.34 per ton. Producers in Illi- nois shipped out of the state a reported total of 68, 801 tons of agstone valued at $91, 891, an average of $1.34 per ton. Stone producers in states surrounding Illinois shipped 9 3, 862 tons of agstone into this state, valued at $97, 05 6, av- eraging $1.03 per ton at the quarry. The indicated total amount of agstone avail- able for use in Illinois, therefore, amounted to 3, 399, 224 tons, valued at $4, 509, 688, an average of $1. 33 per ton. The following list of Illinois counties gives the number of agstone-producing operations reported for the year 1957. The tonnage listed for each section of the state is the total amount of agstone that the operations are reported to have pro- duced. The dollar figures given for each section represent the reported value at the quarry of the agstone produced. The county outline map of Illinois (fig. 8) shows the nine sections of the state used in tabulating this list of agstone op- erations. CEMENT Two counties in Illinois possess the state's four cement manufacturing plants; two are located at Oglesby and one at LaSalle in LaSalle County, and one at Dixon in Lee County. The industry is highly competitive and the success of a plant depends upon the market outlet obtainable for its product when the plant is operating at or near capacity. Parallel with operating at capacity, the cement manufacturer must produce a high quality product with maximum efficiency. Some of the problems involved in obtaining maximum efficiency are to increase the productivity rate while im- proving the quality of the product. There must also be efficiency in the flow of materials through a minimum of handling and directness in routing and proces- sing. The use of larger equipment plays an important part in increasing plant efficiency because, in general, it takes no more man-hours to operate high- capacity facilities than smaller units, and as a result, the output per unit of labor is increased. Proper economic planning also helps to reduce unit costs of the product when plants are designed in such a manner that future manufacturing facilities can be available when needed without much additional construction. Because transportation is an important element in the delivered cost of cement the continued successful operation of a plant depends upon a large mar- ket potential in its vicinity and upon having available to it low-cost transportation facilities. 22 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Illinois Agstone Reported for 1957 ' Counties Reporting Production Counties Reporting Production NORTHWEST NORTHEAST Carroll Boone Jo Daviess Cook Lee 32 operations DeKalb 20 operations Ogle 332,377 tons DuPage 786,427 tons Rock Island $418,744 Kane $997,880 Stephenson $1 .26 per ton av. Kendall $1.27 per ton av. Whiteside LaSalle Winnebago WEST McHenry Will EAST Adams Hancock Henderson 12 operations 260,148 tons Kankakee 8 operations Knox $375,560 Livingston 690,083 tons McDonough $1 .44 per ton av. Vermilion $839,921 Schuyler $1.22 per ton av. Warren WEST SOUTHWEST CENTRAL Bond Christian Greene 14 operations Logan 5 operations Jersey 218,243 tons Menard 207,589 tons Madison $342,140 Peoria $336,501 Montgomery $1.57 per ton av. $1.62 per ton av, Pike Scott SOUTHWEST EAST SOUTHEAST Clinton Clark 8 operations Jackson Clay 257,238 tons Johnson 13 operations Coles $409,749 Monroe 538,374 tons Effingham $1.59 per ton av, Pulaski $666,471 Randolph St. Clair $1.24 per ton av. SOUTHEAST 4 operations Union Hardin Massac 83,684 tons $117,557 $1 .40 per ton av, 116 operations reporting from 52 counties a Subject to revision. b All values at the quarry. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1957 23 Fig. 8. - County outline map of Illinois showing area divisions. 24 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table 16. - Production of Illinois Clay Products, 1956-1957 Clay products 1956* 1957 a reported Amount Value Amount Value Face brick 174,655,280 $ 7,570,456 217,374,174 $ 9,261,329 Common brick 307,471,630 7,485,945 265,631,355 6,936,415 Structural tile (tons) 46,096 520,347 55,684 601,164 Drain and sewer tile (tons) 137,975 3,964,150 129,572 3,589,669 Other structural products - 1,433,332 - 1,412,732 Clay and silica refractories - 14,603,392 - 13,382,866 Pottery and whiteware - 23,523,950 - 25,486,982 Total $59,101,572 $60,671,157 * Revised figures. a Preliminary figures. CLAY PRODUCTS The manufacture of Illinois clay products reported for 1957 amounted to more than 60 6 million dollars. This was an increase of 1.5 million dollars above the 1956 total of 59. 1 million dollars, which for that year marked the all- time high in value of clay products produced. Clay products include such items as face brick and common brick, sewer pipe and drain tile, flue pipe, build- ing tile, vitreous plumbing fixtures, glazed tile, electrical porcelains, and pottery and whiteware. Also included in the list of Illinois clay products are the various forms of special heat-resistant fire brick and silica brick as used by the metallurgical industries. Table 16 gives a summary of clay products pro- duced for the years 1956 and 1957. Given below is a list of the number of clay product plants in Illinois, lo- cated according to county, reporting production for the years 1956 and 19 57. The county outline map of Illinois (fig. 8) shows the nine sections of the state used in tabulating this list of operators. SPECIAL SANDS Special sands, as the term is used here, designates two Illinois sands that have special but important uses in our modern industries. One of these sands is a natural-bonded molding sand which is produced in comparatively small quantities each year. In 1956 more than 90, 000 tons were produced, val- ued at $185, 000. Natural-bonded molding sand can be used in molds, practi- cally as dug, and does not have to be mixed with a binding substance. Since molding sand, whether natural or compounded, is very important in the metal industries, it must possess special properties. A good molding sand must have the right surface and it must not collapse when heavy metal is poured into the mold. Also, it must not melt or fuse, burn or sinter, and must not become unfit for re-use. The other special sand of Illinois is silica sand. This mineral, which is produced in substantial quantities in LaSalle County with additional amounts coming from Ogle County, is a nearly pure quartz (a natural form of silica) sand called silica sand. During 1956 more than 3 million tons of Illinois silica sand were produced for various uses and valued at more than 11 million dollars. The ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1957 25 Illinois Clay Product Plants Reporting Production, 1956-1957 County 1956 1957 County 1956 1957 NORTHWEST NORTHEAST Bureau 1 1 Boone 1 Mercer 1 1 Cook 10 13 Rock Island 1 Grundy 1 1 Total 2 3 Kane Lake 1 2 1 3 WEST LaSalle 3 4 McHenry 1 1 Brown 1 1 Will 2 2 Knox McDonough 2 3 2 3 Total 20 26 Warren 1 1 EAST Total 7 7 Kankakee 3 3 CENTRAL Livingstc Vermil ior Total m i 1 2 6 1 2 Logan Marshall 1 1 1 1 6 Menard Tazewell 1 2 5 1 2 5 EAST SOUTHEAST Total Crawford Fayette 1 1 1 1 WEST SOUTHWEST Total 9 2 SOUTHEAST 2 Greene Macoupin Madison 2 3 1 1 3 Edwards 1 1 Sangamon 2 2 Saline 1 1 Scott 1 1 Total 2 2 Total 8 8 ILLINOIS TOTALS SOUTHWEST Counties reporting sporting 30 33 Jackson 1 1 Plants re St. Clair 2 2 produc ;tion 55 62 Total city of Ottawa, in central northern Illinois, is the silica sand center for the state. According to 1956 production figures the largest single use for Illinois silica sand was for the manufacture of glass. The usual types of glass are made by melting together a mixture of chemicals containing about two-thirds silica sand. The second most important use for the state's silica sand was for mold- ing sand purposes. Silica sand, when tempered by the addition of clay or other binding material, makes an important type of molding sand because it can en- dure the great heat of metal casting. 26 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table 17. - Special Sands in Illinois, 1956-1957 Uses Silica sand Molding sand Other usesb Ground silica Total silica sand Natural bonded molding sand Total special sands 1956* 1957 a Tons Value Tons Value 852,003 $ 2,223,819 740,000 $ 2,035,000 2,006,521 6,483,732 1,820,000 6,095,000 287,615 3,163,524 245,000 2,940,000 - $11,871,075 $11,070,000 90,438 185,400 80,000 180,000 - $12,056,475 $11,250,000 * Revised figures. a Estimated figures. b Glass, grinding and polishing, blast, fire and furnace, engine, filter. c For abrasives, ceramics, foundry and filler from ground siliceous material. Other important uses for silica sand include the following: blast sand for cleaning metal castings and dressing stone; engine sand for use on locomo- tives to keep the wheels from slipping on wet or slick rails; fire and furnace sand for lining furnaces and ladles used to handle molten metal; filter sand used for beds in water-filtration plants and in small mechanical filters; grinding and polishing sand used for cutting and polishing stone and for grinding and etch- ing glass. A rather new use for silica sand is to be found in the oil industry for the hydraulic facture treatment of oil-bearing rock. Some silica sand is ground as fine as flour and is used as a grinding pow- der. Other uses for ground silica sand are in the ceramic industry for enamel, pottery, porcelain, and tile. Ground silica sand is also used as a filler or as an ingredient in paint. FLUORSPAR The mineral fluorspar is about as hard as glass, fairly heavy and brittle. It is transparent or translucent and commonly varies from green to white, but also occurs in yellow, blue, purple, pink, and brown hues. Crystallization usually takes the form of cubes. Fluorspar is an important raw material for the iron and steel, aluminum, chemical, glass, and ceramic industries. Commercial fluorspar is graded prin- cipally according to its content of calcium fluoride and is ordinarily prepared as metallurgical grade, acid grade, and ceramic grade. Uses The steel industry, formerly the dominant consumer of fluorspar, uses it as a flux in the production of basic open-hearth steel, electric furnace steel, ferro-alloys and alloy steel, and Bessemer steel; iron foundries also use it. The addition of fluorspar to the molten metal increases the fluidity of the slag and helps remove impurities. The amount of fluorspar used per ton of steel varies considerably, but on the average each ton of basic open-hearth steel requires about 5^ to 6 pounds. The U. S. Bureau of Mines reports that during 1957 the steel and foundry industries of the United States used a total of about 258, 490 tons of fluorspar. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1957 27 Table 18. Fluorspar Shipped from Mines in the United States, and Imports in 1956 a 1956 State Tons Value Total tc Illinois 178,254 $ 8,469,450 54.1 Kentucky 14,865 607,704 4.5 Utah 10,581 265,449 3.2 Other states 126,019 4,914,574 38.2 Total: 1956 329,719 $14,257,177 100.0 1955 279,540 $12,590,398 Imports for use in United States Total: 1956 485,552 $11,224,968 1955 369,419 $ 8,540,431 Percent of United States Total value 59.4 4.3 1.9 34.4 100.0 a Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines. In recent years the increased use of acid grade fluorspar by the aluminum and chemical industries for the manufacture of hydrofluoric acid has put this use of fluorspar in first place. During 1957, according to a report by the U. S. Bureau of Mines, the manufacture of hydrofluoric acid consumed a total of about 328, 672 tons of the mineral. The production of hydrofluoric acid by the aluminum industry is used almost entirely in the manufacture of aluminum fluoride and synthetic cryolite, both needed in the manufacture of aluminum. In the chemical industry, hydrofluoric acid is used primarily as an inter- mediate in the manufacture of fluorine compounds. These compounds are used for insecticides, wood preservatives, welding fluxes, antiseptics, as a con- crete hardener, tooth-decay preventatives, synthetic optical crystals, and for many other purposes. Hydrofluoric acid is also used for making the alkylate needed in the production of high-octane aviation fuel. Ceramic grade fluorspar is used principally in the manufacture of opal, opaque, and colored glass, and to make various colored enamels for coating metal and metalware and ceramic tiles. Other uses include the production of Portland cement, rock wool, artificial abrasives, and basic refractory cements and bricks. In 1957, the glass and enamel industry consumed a total of about 35,965 tons of fluorspar. According to the U. S„ Bureau of Mines, all other uses for fluorspar consumed about 16, 350 tons in 1957. Production Domestic production of finished fluorspar in 1957 totaled 315, 300 tons, and shipments of 310, 500 tons were valued at $14, 969, 400, according to re- ports of producers to the U. S. Bureau of Mines. In 1957 consumption of flu- orspar set a new record of 639, 477 tons, an increase of about 10 percent over that of 1956. Total imports of fluorspar for consumption in the United States during 1957 totaled about 631, 367 tons of which approximately 412, 200 tons were acid grade, according to the Census Bureau,, However, these figures in- clude some material imported in 1955 and 1956 and held in bond till 1957. Ac- tual imports for consumption during 1957 totaled about 546, 600 tons. 28 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Table 19. - Fluorspar (domestic and foreign) Consumed in the United States, 1 955-1 956 a Percent of Tons consumed 1956 total State Illinois Pennsylvania Ohio Indiana California Kentucky Michigan Other states Delaware, New Jersey Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma Colorado, Utah All other states Total 1955 86,703 83,679 69,031 33,322 25,727 23,021 24,651 67,701 81,272 58,152, 20,759 1956 consumed 92,016 14.8 87,729 14.1 74,544 12.0 33,311 5.4 30,766 4.9 24,836 4.0 21,013 3.4 76,859, 21,209 77,515 77,799 570,261 621,354 13.1 12.4 3.4 12.5 100.0 a Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines. METALS IN ILLINOIS Preliminary figures for 1957 indicate that mine output of zinc in Illinois amounted to about 22, 110 tons, and was valued at more than five million dol- lars. The decrease in production from 1956 resulted largely from curtailment of zinc production at fluorspar-zinc-lead mines in southern Illinois, as output from the northern Illinois zinc-lead area increased slightly. During 1957 the principal zinc producers in southern Illinois were the Aluminum Company of America, the Minerva Oil Company, and Ozark-Mahoning Company. Zinc pro- ducers of northern Illinois were the Tri-State Zinc, Inc., and the Eagle-Picher Company. Owing to a general decline in prices of lead and zinc in 1957, a number of mines shut down or curtailed production during the year. The sharpest de- crease in lead production occured in the southern Illinois-Kentucky region, where lead and zinc are recovered from fluorspar-lead-zinc ores. Lead production in Illinois during 1957 amounted to about 2, 840 tons, a decrease of 26 percent below the 19 5 6 production of 3, 832 tons. During the year nearly all of the small-scale producers suspended operations and the large- er producers curtailed their activity. Jo Daviess County in extreme northwestern Illinois and Hardin County in southern Illinois are the principal areas of metal production in this state. ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION 1957 29 DIRECTORY OF ILLINOIS INDUSTRIAL MINERALS PRODUCERS The following pages contain lists of mineral operations (except fluorspar and metals) of recent record. The lists, arranged by product and by county, are not necessarily complete because of changes in organization, mining location, or other conditions. The directory is published in order to aid consumers of mineral raw materi- als in locating the sources of production most convenient to them, to answer queries of mine- and quarry-equipment manufacturers, and to give citizens of Illinois information about their local industries. Teachers in the public schools who use the annual reports for studies of mine mineral resources and conservation also will find the list valuable. LIMESTONE AND DOLOMITE PRODUCERS Adams Black White Limestone Co., Box 87, Front & 8th Sts., Quincy Marblehead Lime Co., 300 W. Washington St., Chicago 6 Menke Stone & Lime Co., 828 Ver- mont St. , Quincy Missouri Gravel Co., Moline Western Illinois Stone Co., Moline Bond Bond Stone Co., Sorento Boone Belvidere Lime Quarry, Ewald Winkelman, 225 E. Marshall St., Belvidere Charles Lee & Sons, P.O. Kirk- land, Irene Calhoun Calhoun Quarry Co., Batchtown Paul C. Herter, Golden Eagle Carroll Allen Boyer, Mt. Carroll Kingery & Messmer, Lanark Minor Bros., R.R. 2, Milledge- ville Earl Randecker, Savanna Christian Tri-County Stone Co., Nokomi's Clark Casey Stone Co., 128 W. Ala- bama, Casey Ralph E. Montgomery, Box 128, Marshall Quality Lime Co., Marshall Clay Iola Stone & Material Co., Box 326, Centra lia Clinton Huels man Quarry Co., Inc., R.R. 3, Carlyle Coles Charleston Stone Co., Box 183, Charleston Olen Humphres Stone Quarry, Ash- more Cook Consumers Co. of Illinois, 79 W. Monroe St., Chicago 3 Dolese & Shepard Co., Box 227, La Grange Material Service Corp., 300 W. Washington St., Chicago 6 DeKalb Macklin Bros., Steward Elmer Larson, Box 476, DeKalb DuPage Elmhurst-Chicago Stone Co., 400 W. First St. , Elmhurst Effingham Winter's Stone Quarry, Altamont Fulton Chipman Limestone Quarry, 585 E. Fulton St., Farmington 30 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Greene Oran Orton. Hillview Hancock Colchester Stone Co., 1630 5th Ave . , Moline Gray Quarries, Inc., Hamilton R. L. O'Neil & Sons, Carthage Nauvoo Quarry Inc., Nauvoo Hardin J. L. Bean Stone Co., Golconda P. R. Brown Stone Co., Box 355, Golconda Okerson Quarry Co., Box 226, Cave in Rock Rigsby & Barnard, Box 5 6, Cave in Rock Henderson Galbraith Stone Quarry, Raritan Charles J. Moore Quarry, Box 282, Dallas City Olson Bros., Box 355, Dallas City Raid Bros. Construction Co., Biggsvile (510 S. Main St., Burlington, Iowa) Jackson Illinois Quarry Co., Box 401, Ava Jersey Grafton Quarry, Grafton Jersey Quarry, Inc., Jerseyville Sievers Bros., Fieldon Jo Daviess Wallace E. Broege, Warren Virgil Hardacre, R.R. 2, Pearl City Kingery & Messmer, Lanark Erwin B. Peacock, R.R. 1, Scales Mound Harry Posey, Stockton Dale Westaby, R.R. 4, Stockton E. Wienen & Sons Construction Co., 308 South St., Galena Johnson Charles Stone Co., Cypress Southern Illinois Stone Co., Box 28, Buncombe Kane Conco-Western Stone Co., Spring Valley Fox River Stone Co., R.R. 2, Elgin Kankakee Bourbonnais Stone Quarry, 284 S. Clinton, Bradley Lehigh Stone Co., Box 669, Kanka- kee Manteno Limestone Co., Box 509, Manteno Kendall Central Limestone Co., R.R. 4, Morris Orville Gunnerson, Lisbon Knox Abingdon Rock Co., Inc., Abingdon La Salle Sheridan Stone Co., Box 117, Sheri- dan Troy Grove Stone Co., Troy Grove Utica Stone Co., Ill N. Spaulding St., Spring Valley Lee Frank N. Butler Co., Franklin Grove Wilmer Gerdes Quarry, R.R. 2, Dixon Ward McGinnis, R.R. 1, Dixon William Seitz, R.R. 1, Oregon Stoneridge Limestone Co., 503 Woolf Ct., Rochelle Livingston Chenoa Stone Co., Chenoa Livingston Stone Co., R.R. 4, Pontiac Ocoya Stone Co., R. R. , Pontiac Pontiac Stone Co., Box 412, Pontiac Wagner Stone Co., R. R. 1, Pontiac Logan Rocky Ford Limestone Co., R. R. 1, Lincoln Madison C. M. Lohrlnc, Godfrey Mississippi Lime Co., 7 Alby St., Alton Reliance Whiting Co., 16th & Alby Streets, Alton ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1957 31 Massac Columbia Quarry, 1007 Washing- ton Ave., St. Louis 1, Mo. McDonough Colchester Stone Co., 1630 5th Ave., Moline John McClure, Colchester Olson Bros., Box 355, Dallas City McHenry Garden Prairie Stone Co., Inc., 104 S. State St., Marengo Menard Athens Stone Quarry, R. R. 2, Athens Indian Point Limestone Products, Mason City Mercer Lynn Materials Inc., Viola Monroe Columbia Quarry, 1007 Washing- ton Ave., St. Louis 1, Mo. Montgomery Litchfield Stone Co., Litchfield Ogle Clarence Lenstrom, Stillman Val- ley Macklin Bros., Steward N & L Construction Co., Polo William Seitz, R.R. 1, Oregon Clyde R. Walden, Byron Peoria Lamar Stone Co., Princeville Long Rock Co., Box 97, Princeville Princeville Stone Co., Princeville Trivoli Stone Co., 168 N. Cone St., Farmington Pike V. H. Callender Construction Co., Pittsfield Lacey and Bauer, Pearl Norvin O. Lumley, Kinderhook Pearl Stone Co., Pearl Pulaski Columbia Quarry, 1007 Washington Ave., St. Louis 1, Mo. Randolph Allied Chemical & Dye Corp., Sol- vay Process Division, Box 271, Syracuse 1, N. Y. Chester Quarry Co., Chester Al Stotz Quarry, Prairie Du Rocher Rock Island Collinson Stone Co., 3115 23rd Ave., Moline Cordova Quarry Inc., 3115 23rd Ave., Moline Midway Stone Co. , Inc., Hillsdale St. Clair Columbia Quarry, 1007 Washington Ave., St. Louis 1, Mo. East St. Louis Stone Co., 523 Mur- phy Bldg., East St. Louis Casper Stolle Quarry & Construction Co., R.R. 1, East St. Louis Hecker Quarry, Inc., 301 S. Jack- son St. , New Athens Schuyler Elas Quarry, 315 E. Adams, Rush- ville Vern Mitchell Quarry, Browning Scott Krueger Quarry, Winchester Thomas Quarry, Winchester Shelby Winter's Stone Quarry, Altamont Stephenson Ray Askey, Orangeville Wallace E. Broege, Warren Irvin Buss, Davis Russell E. Cox, Box 46, Lena Elmer Fortner, 140 6 S. Walnut, Freeport Norman Helms, R.R. 2, Freeport Rees Construction Co., 2474 11th Ave., Monroe, Wis. Scofield & Co., Inc., Box 480, Freeport V. H. Stich, Lena Arthur Zimmerman & Son, Pecatonica Union Anna Quarries, Inc., Lock Drawer 180. Anna 32 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Union, continued Jonesboro Stone Co., R.R. 1, Anna Lutz Marble Co., Box 345, Anna Vermilion Material Service Corp., 300 W. Washington, Chicago 6 Warren Monmouth Stone Co., 521 S. Third St., Monmouth Washington Pitts Quarry, Ashley Whiteside Alldritt Bros., Morrison Cordova Quarry Inc., 3115 23rd Ave . , Moline Johnson Coal Co., Morrison Fred R. McKenzie & Co., 405 Bon- di Bldg., Galesburg Will Lincoln Crushed Stone Co., Pat- terson & Brandon Road, Joliet Material Service Corp., 300 W. Washington, Chicago 6 National Stone Co., Div. of Dolese & Shepard, Box 227, LaGrange Winnebago Charles Ind Co., 1415 Point Ave., Rockford Charles Lee & Sons, P.O. Kirkland, Irene F. M. Porter & Son, South Beloit Arthur Zimmerman & Sons, Peca- tonica William Nordhop, 1032 Kilburn Ave., Rockford CLAY AND CLAY PRODUCTS PRODUCERS Alexander Ozark Minerals Co., 807| Wash- ington Ave., Cairo (clay) Boone Munson Bros. & Co., Box 8, Capron Brown Frederic Brick & Tile Co., Box 146, Mt. Sterling Bureau Sheffield Shale Products Co., Shef- field Cook Alexander Burke's Sons, 3900 S. Cicero Ave., Cicero 50 Brisch Brick Co., 228 N. LaSalle St. , Chicago 1 Carey Brick Co., 6558 W. Fuller- ton Ave., Chicago 35 Chicago Brick Co., 135 S. LaSalle St. , Chicago 3 Chicago Fire Brick Co., 1467 N. ElstonAve., Chicago 22 Chicago Pottery Co., 19 20 Cly- bournAve., Chicago 14 Illinois Brick Co., 228 N. LaSalle St. , Chicago 1 George Keller Pottery Co., 2618 N. Lakewood Ave. , Chicago 14 Northwestern Terra Cotta Corp., 1750 W. Wrightwood Ave . , Chicago PlibricoCo., 1840 Kingsbury St. , Chicago The Ramtite Co., Div. of S. Ober- mayerCo., 2563 W. 18th St., Chicago 8 Tuthill Building Material Co., 545 E. 103rd St., Chicago 28 Wingert Pottery Co., 5035 W. Fos- ter Ave., Chicago Crawford Case Manufacturing Corp., Robin- son (33 Main St., Buffalo 3, New York) Edwards Albion Brick Co., Albion Fayette St. Elmo Brick and Tile Co., St. Elmo Greene Ruckels Potteries, Inc., White Hall ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1957 33 Greene, continued White Hall Sewer Pipe and Drain Tile Co., White Hall (Laclede- ChristyCo., Division H. K. Porter, Refractories Division, 2500 First National Bank Bldg., Pittsburgh 22, Pennsylvania) Lyndall W. Wyatt, Box 25 6, White Hall (clay) Grundy Illinois Clay Products Co., 214 Barber Bldg., Joliet Jackson Jackson County Brick Co., Camp- bell Hill Kane Haeger Potteries, Inc., Dundee Kohl Pottery Products, P.O. Hamp- shire, Pingree Grove Kankakee Eastern Illinois Clay Co., St. Anne Kankakee Clay Products Co., St. Anne St. Anne Brick & Tile Co., St. Anne Knox Abingdon Potteries, Inc., 801 N. Main St., Abingdon . Purington Brick and Tile Co., Box 110, Galesburg Lake National Brick Co., 3150 W. Touhy Ave. , Chicago 45 Pickard, Inc., Corona Ave., Antioch Regal China Co., Antioch LaSalle The Conco-Meier Co., R. R. Lowell, Tonica Illinois Valley Minerals Co., Box 303, Ottawa (clay) Laclede-Christy Co. , Ottawa (Div. H. K. Porter Co., Inc., Refractories Division, 2500 First National Bank Bldg., Pitts- burgh 22, Pennsylvania) Arthur Mart, Box 149, Streator (clay) LaSalle, continued Matthiessen & Hegeler Zinc Co., 9th and Sterling Sts., LaSalle Streator Brick Co., Streator (Div. Hydraulic-Press Brick Co., 705 Olive St., St. Louis, Mo.) Streator Drain Tile Co., W. 10th St., Streator Livingston Diller Tile Co., Chatsworth Logan Stetson China Co., 999 N. Kicka- poo St. , Lincoln Madison Alton Brick Co., Box 394, Alton Richards Brick Co., Edwardsville Western Fire Brick Co., 16th St. & Madison Ave., Granite City Marshall Hydraulic-Press Brick Co., 809 Lehmann Bldg., Peoria 2 McDonough Baird Clay Mine, Colchester (clay) Booz and Co., P.O. Box 9 2, Macomb, (clay) Colchester Brick and Tile Co., Colchester Illinois Edison Porcelain Co., 510 N. Pearl St., Macomb Kayson's Inc. , Macomb Macomb Pottery Co., Macomb Frank Nelson, Colchester (clay) J. R. Purtscher, 1410 W. Aire Ave., Peoria (clay) McHenry American Terra Cotta Corp., Box 225, Crystal Lake Menard Springfield Clay Products Co., Box 362, Springfield Mercer Hydraulic-Press Brick Co., Shale City (901 Putnam Bldg., Daven- port, Iowa) 34 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Pulaski Star Enterprises, Inc., 212 E. York, Cassopolis, Michigan (clay) Rock Island Van-Packer Co., Carbon Cliff (Div. of The Flintkote Co., P.O. Box 30 6, Bettendorf, Iowa) St. Clair Hill Brick Co., 51st St. & St. Clair Ave., East St. Louis Hydraulic-Press Brick Co., Casey- ville Twp. (705 Olive St., St. Louis 1, Mo.) Saline Harrisburg Brick and Tile Co., Harrisburg Sangamon Poston Brick & Concrete Products Co., 2600 E. South Grand Ave., Springfield Springfield Clay Products Co., Box 362, Springfield Scott Alsey Brick & Tile Co., Alsey Tazewell The Morton Pottery Co., 315 W. Jefferson, Morton Peoria Brick & Tile Co., Box 515, Peoria 1 Vermilion General Refractories Co., Danville (1520 Locust St., Philadelphia 2, Pa.) Western Brick Co., P.O. Box 591, Danville Warren Western Stoneware Co., 5 21 W. 6th Ave . , Monmouth Will General Refractories Co., Joliet & Rockdale (1520 Locust St., Philadelphia 2, Pennsylvania) SAND AND GRAVEL PRODUCERS Adams Blick's Construction Co., Quincy Adams, continued Quincy Sand Co. way, Quincy Front and Broad- Alexander H. H. Halliday Sand Co. St., Cairo 224 10th Bond Greenville Gravel Co., Inc., Green- ville W. D. Lindsey, Keyesport Cyril Munie, Pocahontas Boone Christensen & Smith, Capron Vincent Spencer Sand & Gravel Co., 120 Burgess St., Belvidere Brown T. F. Hollembeak & Son, Mt. Sterling Bridgewater & Gaskill, Versailles Bureau Floyd Clapp, Walnut Hansen Brothers, New Bedford Frank J. Poscharscky, Wyanet Sand & Gravel, Wyanet Swanson Brothers, Box 84, Princeton Western Sand and Gravel Co., Ill N. Spalding St., Spring Valley Calhoun West Point Sand Plant, Ellis Inman, Batchtown Carroll Oliver Heisler, Mt. Carroll Howard Nelson, Lanark Nicol Sand Co., Albert A. Nicol, Savanna Rein & Dahl, Box 120, Stoughton, Wisconsin Champaign Gibson Brothers, 407 N. Edwin St., Champaign Mahomet Sand & Gravel Co., Inc., Box 65, Urbana W. H. Troike & C. R. Plankenhorn, Box 327, Mahomet West Champaign Gravel Co., 103| N. Neil St., Champaign ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1957 35 Clark Barthelemy & Lawrence, R.R. 2, Box 120 -A, West Union Stanfield Gravel Co., R.R. 2, West Union Clinton Lindsey Gravel Pit, Keyesport Coles Martin's Sand & Gravel, 5 27 9th St., Charleston Pinnell's Gravel Pit, Ashmore Cook Chicago Gravel Co., 343 S. Dear- born St., Chicago 4 Worth Sand & Gravel Co., 7545 W. 111th St., Worth Crawford Lawrence Bowman, 140 E. Lamotte St., Palestine William J. Wyke, Box 11, Robinson Cumberland A. B. C. Gravel Co., Greenup Casey Stone Co., 104 W. Alabama, Casey DeKalb Kirkland Gravel Yard, Kirkland Elmer Larson, Inc., 320 Prospect St., DeKalb Donald Tyrrell, R.R. 2, Sycamore DeWitt H. M. Rickgauer, P.O. Box 66, Clinton DuPage Elmhurst-Chicago Stone Co., 400 W. 1st St., Elmhurst John Purnell, Geneva Road, West Chicago Fayette Don L. Burtschi, Vandalia Ford W. V. Williams, Box 287, Gibson City Fulton Liverpool Materials Co., 1265 N. Main St. , Canton Gallatin Miller Sand & Gravel Co., Carmi Grundy Material Service Corp., 300 W. Washington, Chicago 6 Henry Collinson Brothers, 2405 27th St., Moline Oberlaender Sand Co., 5 19 i 15th St. , Moline Schadt Service Co., 623 First Ave., Silvis Jo Daviess Dubuque Sand & Gravel Co., Du- buque, Iowa Kane Fox Valley Gravel Co., Box 423, R.R. 3, Aurora Warren W. Krahn, 724 South St., Dundee Material Service Corp., 300 W. Washington St., Chicago 6 L. G. Raymond, Big Rock Ed Schneider, R.R. 3, Box 72, Elgin Warren T. Sellen, 344 Cedar St., Aurora Kendall Elmer Larson, Inc., Box 383, 320 Prospect St., DeKalb Knox L. K. Bandy Construction Co. , Maquon Lake Atlas Sand & Gravel Co., Liberty- ville Carl L. Barthel, Antioch Big Hollow Sand & Gravel Co., Inc. R.R., Ingleside Consumers Co., 79 W. Monroe St., Chicago 3 Leo J. Fox, Antioch Vern Thelen, Fox Lake La Salle Roy Labolle, Somonauk LaSalle County Portable, Inc., Bridge St., Ottawa 36 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY LaSalle, continued Moline Consumers Co., 314 15th St., Moline Edward O. Olson, Box 625, Newark River Industries Inc., Box 641, Seneca Spicer Gravel Co., 445 Union St., Marseilles Western Sand & Gravel Co., Ill N. Spalding St., Spring Valley Lawrence Gregory Gravel Co. , Lawrenceville E & B Gravel Co., Inc., 12th and Adams Sts., Lawrenceville Vincennes Gravel Co., Inc., Vin- cennes, Indiana Lee Butler Sand & Gravel Co., Nelson C. C. Macklin, Steward Rock River Ready Mix, 206 Brinton Ave . , Dixon Livingston Estep Gravel Co., 604 E. Oak St., Fair bury Valley View Dirt & Gravel Co., R.R. 1, Manville Logan Lincoln Sand & Gravel Co. 67, Lincoln Box Macon Decatur Sand & Gravel Co., 700 S. Taylor Ave., Decatur Kirks Gravel Pit, R. R. 6, Decatur Macon County Sand & Gravel Co., R.R. 8, Decatur E. M. Rickgauer, Box 66, Clinton Madison Alton Sand Co., Front & Eenry St., Alton Gary Dredging Co., 958 Union St., Alton Mississippi Lime Co., 7 Alby St., Alton Thompson Asphalt Co., 6th & Mc- Cambridge Sts. , Madison Marshall Consumers Co. of Illinois, 79 W. Monroe St., Chicago 3 Vernon Eenry, LaRose McEenry Consumers Co. of Illinois, 79 W. Monroe St., Chicago 3 Crystal Lake Trucking & Excava- ting Co., R.R. 14, Box 184, Crystal Lake Garden Prairie Stone Co., Inc., 104 S. State St., Marengo Floyd Greibel, Marengo Grove Gravel & Excavating Co., Fox River Grove McEenry Sand & Gravel Co., Inc., 606 Front St., McEenry Wayne Nolan, R.R., Earvard Sylvester Tonyan, R.R. 1, Box 371, McEenry McLean Eeidelberg & McDowell, Box 49, Downs John Eowes, R.R. 1, Bloomington McGrath Sand & Gravel Co., Inc., Lincoln Rowe Construction Co., 15 23 W. Market St., Bloomington Ogle Byron Sand & Stone Co., Byron E. C. Kolpak, Oregon Kutz Brothers Co., Forreston McGrath Sand & Gravel Co., Inc., Lincoln Eoward Nelson, Lanark Rockford Blacktop Construction Co., 1615 Westchester Ave., Rockford Shilling's Gravel Pit, R.R. 2, Mil- ledgeville Valley Ready Mix, Inc., Oregon Floyd Weigle, Shannon Peoria Chillicothe Gravel Co., 915 N. 4th St., Chillicothe R. D. Chipman, Farmington Construction Materials Co., 100 Cass St. , Peoria Coogan Gravel Co., 903 Jefferson Bldg., Peoria McGrath Sand & Gravel Co., Inc., Lincoln ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1957 37 Peoria, continued Stevers, Inc., 2423 W. Farming- ton Road, Peoria 5 Pike O. A. Booth & Sons, Nebo Victor Callender, 127 N. Clinton St., Pittsfield Missouri Gravel Co., 314 15th St. Moline Randolph Southern Illinois Sand Co, Chester Inc. , Rock Island 31a ckhawk Aggregates, Inc., 230 4th St., West, Milan Builders Sand & Gravel Co., 104 Western Ave. , Davenport, Iowa Moline Consumers Co., 314 15th St., Moline St. Clair Missouri-Illinois Material Co., 2100 N. Wharf, St. Louis 6, Missouri Sangamon Buckhart Sand & Gravel Co R.R., Mechanicsburg Clear Lake Sand & Gravel Co., 398, Springfield Springfield Sand & Gravel Co., R.R. 7, Springfield Inc. , Box Scott Homer E, Grady, Exeter Shelby Corley Gravel, Cowden Henry Cummings, Sullivan Hanfland Sand & Gravel Co., Shelbyville Stephenson Rein & Dahl, Inc., Stoughton, Wisconsin Tazewell Hoffer Construction Co., Inc., Box 106, East Peoria 8 McGrath Sand & Gravel Co., Inc., Lincoln Tazewell, continued C. A. Powley, Route 2, Washington Spring Lake Sand & Gravel, Manito Union Bittle & Emrick, Anna Vermilion Blakeney Gravel Co., Route 4, Danville Lawrence Clifton, Westville Lewis & Co., Perrysville Road, Box 38, Danville Jesse Speranza, Route 1, Westville Elton A. Wagner Co., 505 N. Gil- bert St., Danville Wabash Allendale Gravel Co., Route 1, Allendale Dunobar Sand & Gravel Co., Box 97, Bellmont Mt. Carmel Sand & Gravel Co., Box 209, Mt. Carmel White Eastwood Sand & Gravel Works, Grayville Frashier Brothers, Maunie Miller Sand & Gravel Co., Carmi Whiteside Anderson Ready Mix, 9 03 Avenue D, Rock Falls Ernest Johnson, Box 67, Lyndon Max Lawrence, RFD, Prophetstown Midwest Sand & Gravel Co., Sterling Vernon Schrader Gravel, Route 2, Sterling Selander & Jones, Prophetstown William L. Taber, 513 Market St., Prophetstown Will Elmhurst-Chicago Stone Co., 400 W. First St., Elmhurst Chicago Gravel Co., 343 S. Dear- born St., Chicago 4 Material Service Corp., 300 W. Washington, Chicago 6 C. H. Monk, 211 Hunter St., Joliet 38 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Winnebago Anderson Sand & Gravel Co., 519 E. State St., Rockford Consumers Co., 79 W. Monroe St., Chicago 3 Illinois-Wisconsin Sand & Gravel Co., 228 N. LaSalle St., Chi- cago 1 John Kelly, Roscoe Larson Brothers Sand & Gravel, 1822 S. 5th St., Rockford Northwest Gravel Co., 2340 Main St., Evanston Porter Bros., Roscoe Sahlstrom & Sons, 217 Peoples Ave., Rockford South Beloit Sand Co., 228 N. La- Salle St., Chicago 1 Woodford Wood-Mar Construction Co. , 611 State St., Eureka PORTLAND AND MASONRY CEMENT PRODUCERS LaSalle Alpha Portland Cement Co., LaSalle (15 S. Third St., Easton, Pa.) Lehigh Portland Cement Co., Ogles- by (Young Bldg., 718 Hamilton St., Allentown, Pa.) Marquette Cement Mfg. Co., Ogles- by (20 N. Wacker Drive, Chi- cago 6) Lee Medusa Portland Cement Co., Dixon (Cleveland, Ohio) LIME PRODUCERS Adams Marblehead Lime Co. , Marblehead (300 W. Washington St., Chi- cago 6) Menke Stone & Lime Co., 828 Ver- mont St. , Quincy Cook Marblehead Lime Co., South Chi- cago, Thornton (300 W. Wash- ington St., Chicago 6) Cook, continued The Standard Lime & Cement Co., LaGrange (2000 1st National Bank Bldg., Baltimore 3, Md.) St. Clair Aluminum Co. of America, E. St. Louis (1501 Alcoa Bldg., 425 Sixth Ave., Pittsburgh 19, Pa.) SILICA SAND PRODUCERS LaSalle The American Silica Sand Co., Inc., 402 Central Life Bldg., Ottawa E. C. Bellrose Sand Co., 1220 W. Madison St. , Ottawa General Silica Corp., Milwaukee, Wisconsin Illinois Silica Sand Co., Box 36, Ottawa Illinois Valley Minerals Co., Box 303, Ottawa LaSalle Silica Co., Box 437, Ottawa Ottawa Silica Co., Box 437, Ottawa George M. Pendergast & Co., 226 S. First St., Milwaukee, Wis. Standard Silica Co., Box 407, Ottawa Wedron Silica Co., 135 S. LaSalle St. , Chicago 3 Ogle National Silica Co., Oregon NATURAL BONDED MOLDING SAND PRODUCERS Bureau Frank J. Poscharscky, Wyanet Sand & Gravel, Wyanet Carroll Albert A. Nicol, Nicol Sand Co., Box 209, Savanna Fayette Mulberry Grove Sand Co., Charles D. Lutz & Sons, Mulberry Grove Henry Oberlaender Sand Co., 519| 15th St., Moline ILLINOIS MINERAL PRODUCTION, 1957 39 Kankakee Portage-Manley Sand Co., Essex Winnebago South Beloit Sand Co., 228 N. LaSalle St., Chicago 1 TRIPOLI AND GANISTER PRODUCERS Alexander Ozark Minerals Co., 807| Wash- ington Ave., Cairo (tripoli) Tamms Industries, Inc., 228 N. LaSalle St., Chicago 1 (tripoli) Western Fire Brick Co., 16th & Madison, Granite City (ganister) Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 257 39 p., 8 figs., 19 tables, 1958 CIRCULAR 257 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ^uffloauntttfeL 114 RBANA