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Deep Breathing, 
 
 AS A MEANS OP PROMOTING THE ART OP SONG, AND OF 
 CURING WEAKNESSES AND AFPECTIONS OP THE 
 THROAT AND LUNGS, ESPECIALLY 
 CONSUMPTION. 
 
 BY 
 
 SOPHIA MAEQtJISE A. CICCOLINA. 
 
 ILLUSTRATED, 
 
 TRANSLATED PROM THE GERMAN BY 
 
 EDGAR S. WERNER. 
 
 W. OF TilE 
 
 NOV V 1F34 
 
 UMiyii.uSiY OF iLLiNOlS 
 
 NEW YORK : 
 
 M. L. HOLBEOOK & 00 
 
Copyright, 1883 , 
 
 By M. L. HOLBROOK. 
 
 PRESS OF J. J. LITTLE fit CO., 
 
 NOS. lO TO 20 ASTOR PLACE, NEW YORK. 
 
Oo 
 
 
 ’f- . 
 
 
 
 ( \^ ,1 
 C 4"^ A ’'.■••• 
 
 REMOTE STORAGE 
 
 PEEFACE. 
 
 The following pages on Deep Breathing seem to me 
 too valuable not to be preserved in permanent form. 
 They were originally translated by Mr. E. S. Werner for 
 the admirable paper which he publishes, entitled The 
 Voice, and, after having done good service in that Journal, 
 he has kindly consented to have them ‘'appear in this 
 form for still more extended usefulness. It may not be 
 out of place if I say a few words in this preface on the 
 relations of the atmosphere to life, which will serve to 
 enforce the value of the practice of deep breathing. 
 Where respiration is full and vigorous, as for instance in 
 most birds, life is energetic. Where it is feeble, as in 
 snakes and frogs, life is torpid. Man lives in proportion 
 as he breathes, and the activity of the child is in close 
 relation to the strength of its lungs ; so, too, is the calm- 
 ness, dignity and power of man in proportion to the 
 depth and tranquillity of his respiration. If the lungs 
 are strong and active, there is courage and boldness. If 
 feeble, there is cowardice and debility. To be out of 
 spirits is to be out of breath. To be animated and joyous 
 is to be full of breath. When eager and full of enterprise, 
 we consume large quantities of air ; when weary, we yawn ; 
 when frightened, we are breathless and aghast. How- 
 ever well we feed ourselves, if we do not breathe enough, 
 we do not take on good conditions, but become feverish 
 and irritable. 
 
 879895 
 
4 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 Deep breathing, then, helps us to more perfect and com- 
 plete living. It is so simple and easy a matter that every 
 one can practice it. 
 
 The enthusiasm of the author of these pages is so great 
 that she carries her readers with her. In a leading 
 sanitarium, a class in deep breathing was formed soon 
 after reading one of the chapters of this book, and the 
 inmates rose early and practiced it for an hour before 
 breakfast. One young lady invalid increased the size of 
 her chest in a few weeks three inches, and her health 
 more than the size of her lungs. Others were also 
 greatly benefited. That the same benefit will be ex- 
 tended to thousands there can be no doubt. 
 
 I have added in an appendix, in a very condensed form, 
 a few facts concerning the atmosphere, for which I make 
 no apology. 
 
 M. L. H. 
 
DEEP BREATHING, 
 
 AS A MEANS OF PROMOTING THE ART OF SONG AND 
 OF CURING VARIOUS DISEASES, ESPECIALLY CON- 
 SUMPTION. 
 
 I. 
 
 Motto : As the lungs of themselves do not fully perform their func- 
 tion, and, consequently, are not sufficiently exercised and kept 
 at the height of their energy, they lose their elasticity and are 
 restrained in their plastic processes. As a result, various dis- 
 eases originate in the lungs and in other parts of the body affected 
 by the condition of the lungs. Above all consumption results. — 
 Dr. Fr. Bicking. 
 
 In 1877 I published, in the Dutch language,* my in- 
 vestigations regarding deep breathing. Since then I 
 have been asked very many times what induced me to 
 write on a subject so far outside woman’s customary 
 sphere of thought. This very natural question I will 
 answer at once. Gifted with more than ordinary talent 
 for singing, I improved the first opportunity of cultivat- 
 ing my voice. I took lessons of the first teacher at a 
 celebrated conservatory. My progress was surprising. 
 In the first seven months I sang the dramatic arias of the 
 operas The Muette of Portici,” The Jewess,” Eoh- 
 ert le Diable,” Ferdinand Cortez,” and others. After 
 eight months’ study I had lost my voice, or rather was 
 
 * De diepe AdemJialing, hare verhouding tot de Gezondheid en 
 de ZangTcunst, Amsterdam, Firma Meyer, 1877. 
 
 5 
 
6 
 
 DEEP BBEATHING. 
 
 unable to use it for singing. Pain in my throat and 
 chest, and an indescribable feeling of fatigue, were the de- 
 plorable results of every new attempt I made to continue 
 my studies. I well remember the painful sensations I 
 then experienced, especially the impression that an in- 
 ternal trouble had arisen. I struggled along in this way 
 for nearly three years, I consulted various physicians 
 and followed their advice ; devoted myself to the care of 
 my health ; went to the first artists and sang under their 
 direction, but the same difficulties always met me : the 
 breaking of the tone which brought me to despair, and 
 the already mentioned physical disorders which com- 
 pelled me to let my voice rest, — a fruitless forbearance, 
 for every renewed attempt to sing was sure to bring back 
 the old troubles. 
 
 My condition was pitiable. I was possessed of a pow- 
 erful, resonant voice of a compass of two octaves and a 
 half, and yet could not sing ! Convinced that the cause 
 was a wrong use of the tone-producing organs, I con- 
 sulted some of the most celebrated singing-teachers of 
 Paris, but was always met with, — Best ; don’t sing for 
 awhile ! ” 
 
 I leave it for my readers to judge of the effect this ad- 
 vice had upon me, after I had been resting and ref raining 
 from singing for three years ! Yet my courage did not 
 fail me. I said to myself : Seek, and thou shalt find.” 
 I sought and I found. My good star led me to Wartel, 
 in whose school Trebelli, Nilsson, Marie Eoze, Montbelli, 
 and many other singers have had their voices trained. 
 After two months’ study Wartel informed me that a year’s 
 study with him would fit me for an artistic career. This 
 was not my intention ; I only wished to sing at any time, 
 to be able to use the gift nature had bestowed upon me, 
 for my own and others’ pleasure ; and that this became 
 
DEEP BREATHING. 
 
 7 
 
 my good fortune I have to thank a three months’ course, 
 with almost daily instruction, with the great master, 
 Wartel. 
 
 I could sing again ! 
 
 Do you know, dear reader, what it is to sing or not to 
 be able to sing ? According to a saying of one of our 
 Hollandic authors, Mina Kriisemann, ^^To sing or not 
 to sing,” is almost to be compared to Shakespeare’s To 
 be or not to be.” Singing is life,” she writes. Yes, 
 only he who has sung knows how joyous life is made by 
 song, for ourselves and for others. 
 
 Now, what did Wartel do to restore my voice ? At 
 my first visit he said to me : 
 
 You rest, madame ; that is ridiculous ! Nature has 
 not endowed you with so beautiful an organ to have it 
 kept asleep. It is necessary to sing, but to sing well, 
 under the direction of a master, not of an executioner ! ” 
 
 This will sound severe to him who has injured many 
 voices besides mine. He is not the only one who, with- 
 out general knowledge of the human organism or special 
 knowledge of the vocal organs, systematically ruins the 
 voices whose training is intrusted to him ; not to men- 
 tion the innumerable teachers who, although they do not 
 really spoil their pupils’ voices, are not qualified to give 
 them the highest possible development. I would thun- 
 der this in the ears of directors of conservatories, and of 
 others, who engage as singing-teachers men who, 
 although physically robust, are unable to bear the fatigues 
 of an artistic song-career, thereby proving that they sing 
 by a bad method, for singing is conducive to health, and 
 is beneficial to weak as well as to healthy and strong 
 persons. 
 
 Stephen de la Madeleine, the distinguished and con- 
 scientious singing-teacher of Paris, relates the case of a 
 
8 
 
 DEEP BBEATHmO. 
 
 consumptive young girl whose health he not only restored 
 by judicious singing lessons, but also developed in her a 
 comparatively good voice — something she did not possess 
 before. 
 
 Whoever cannot endure singing, sings badly — bad in 
 so far that his singing is artificial, not natural ; that is, 
 he does not employ the splendid means nature has placed 
 at his disposal. In this condition I found myself 
 when I went to Wartel for instruction. To whom I 
 owed the good luck of being able to use my voice 
 naturally again, and to whom I shall ever be thankful, I 
 knew on leaving Wartel. The means of my restoration 
 remained a secret to me. 
 
 Wartel, who was then about 70 years old, and who 
 still often delighted his pupils with his full, rich voice, 
 had a very mysterious and ingenious method which, as 
 he said, was taken from the old Italian masters. He had 
 us sing certain exercises with closed mouth, in order to 
 bring us unconsciously to the end he had in view, viz. : 
 to attack every tone in one and the same place and to 
 employ deep, abdominal breathing. 
 
 An illustration of the excellence of this method may 
 be given here. In 1876, Daniel de Lange, teacher in an 
 Amsterdam school of music, called on me and desired 
 some hints on the management of the singing voice, of 
 which he said he knew nothing for a certainty. There 
 are,’^ he explained, so many young voices intrusted to 
 me, that I have only undertaken their training with a 
 feeling of anxiety, realizing how slight a mistake can 
 ruin them forever.’^ 
 
 ^^Mere hints, dear sir,” I replied, ‘‘will be of little 
 use to you ; you ought to sing with me, for, in order to 
 teach singing, one must, at least, first learn to sing.” 
 
 “ But I have no voice.” 
 
DEEP BREATHING. 
 
 9 
 
 As you talk to me, I am conyinced of the contrary/^ 
 
 ^^Yes, but my voice is very disagreeable, even false; 
 forced, it seems to me, in my youth.” 
 
 ^^That is of little consequence. Where there is no 
 defect in hearing — as can be presupposed to be the case 
 with such an excellent musician and distinguished vio- 
 loncellist as you — the falsest voice can be restored and 
 cultivated. Dissonance usually results from not being 
 able to control the vocal organs, from forcing or wrongly 
 using them.” 
 
 "^^But I am very busy. My lessons in music, the 
 direction of various singing societies both in and out of the 
 city, leave me no time for studying singing.” 
 
 am also very much occupied; am engaged in 
 studies, and am about to publish a book on the progress 
 of singing, a subject of deep interest to both of us. You 
 devote a couple of hours a week to this object, and I will 
 also do so with the greatest pleasure.” 
 
 We began. He certainly did have a disagreeable, 
 nasal, hollow and trembling voice which could not pro- 
 duce pure tone even in a compass of three or four notes. 
 Soon the disagreeable, nasal and false tones disappeared. 
 His voice increased in compass, resonance and power as he 
 more and more gave it the inner support of a compressed 
 and firmly held air-column, which is furnished only by 
 voluntary deep breathing. He soon taught my method, 
 with happy results. He also soon criticised, as reviewer 
 of a much-read and valued journal {Het Nieuws van den 
 Dag)y the different, mostly bad, types of breathing of ar- 
 tists ; but unfortunately, without giving them a remedy, 
 as he forgot to call attention to my school of breathing. 
 
 After this digression I will observe that the deep 
 breathing, to which we were unknowingly habituated by 
 Wartel, and which I found out only years afterward, is 
 1 * 
 
10 
 
 DEEP BREATHING. 
 
 not alone the basis of a healthy, powerful voice-de- 
 velopment, but also the surest foundation of respiratory 
 gymnastics which have been recommended for years. 
 
 The great art of singing does not, indeed, consist in 
 merely inhaling a large quantity of air, but almost wholly 
 in retaining the air, in controlling the expiratory muscles, 
 which instinctively perform their work if we, voluntarily 
 or involuntarily, do not hinder them. The voluntary and 
 long retention of air is far more difficult to accomplish 
 and requires far more practice than actual deep inhala- 
 tion. This was certainly the reason why the wise men of 
 antiquity, who used respiratory gymnastics as a means of 
 restoring and promoting health, so strongly advised hold- 
 ing air in the lungs.* The retention of air is an art 
 needful to every singer. For the sake of song it is, there- 
 fore, to be deeply regretted that the daily breathing exer- 
 cises of the ancients should have fallen into oblivion. 
 
 By practicing deep inhalation and holding the air, I 
 recovered, some years afterward, from a sickness which 
 my physician called a nervous asthmatic affection of the 
 respiratory organs. I have had the happiness of reliev- 
 ing a number of asthmatic persons, by the use of these 
 respiratory gymnastics ; to greatly ameliorate the condi- 
 tion of consumptives and of those who expectorated blood, 
 by the so salutary practice of deep breathing, which 
 requires not the slightest strain on the part of the invalid ; 
 to cure completely a man twenty years old, who had suf- 
 fered from his seventh year with a severe form of asthma, 
 
 * A deep breath widens the air-cells in the lungs, increases the 
 activity and strengthens the elasticity of their tissue, while the cel- 
 ular and fatty tissue in the interstices is removed. On the other 
 hand, a restraining of the respiratory function and of the pulmon- 
 ary vesicles causes the lungs to become smaller and their tissue to 
 grow thicker . — Die Gymnastik des Athmens, by Dr. Bicking, p. 10. 
 
DEEP BEEATHING. 
 
 11 
 
 by singing exercises, joined, of course, to continual reten- 
 tion of air ; and, finally, to see changed to a healthy and 
 robust condition an aged and blind man of Amsterdam 
 who for seven years had languished there in consequence 
 of great debility and impoverished blood, by deep breath- 
 ing and retention of air out-of-doors. In short, I 
 have had the good fortune to learn to prize the worth 
 of deep breathing for the preservation of health and 
 life. 
 
 Should I keep all this to myself ? Should I withhold 
 from all mankind this great secret of art known only to a 
 few singing-teachers and artists ? No ! The recollec- 
 tion of the pain I had suffered on account of losing my 
 voice lived too fresh in my heart. Vividly appeared before 
 my mental vision the hundreds, yes, the thousands, perhaps, 
 who, similarly afflicted, were thus robbed of a happy 
 existence, of a brilliant career, and I resolved to do all I 
 could to spare them from this melancholy fate, and to 
 strive with all my power to restore the old Italian school 
 of singing in all its purity and grandeur. 
 
 I turned first to physicians, that through their influence 
 I might gain entrance to hospitals, asylums for the blind, 
 and other charitable institutions. I succeeded in impart- 
 ing my ideas to directors, superintendents, singing-teach- 
 ers, physicians of hospitals and asylums, and in teaching 
 them deep breathing. All of our physiologists, with 
 whom I conversed, were greatly interested in the subject, 
 and encouraged me to continue my investigations. But 
 I failed in what I most desired ; none of our scientists 
 would take up the pen for the good cause that lay so near 
 my heart. The most friendly of them — and among such 
 I thankfully name Prof. G. J. Mulder and Prof. Stokis, 
 of Amsterdam, and Dr. Swaving, of Arnheim, (Holland) — 
 advised me to write. We must make a virtue of neces- 
 
12 
 
 DEEP BEE A THING. 
 
 sity.” Failing to procure another’s pen, I determined to 
 use my own. 
 
 But to write on so difficult a subject, I had to study 
 more ; to renew my inquiries in various directions. I now 
 give the result of my investigations, and would address 
 especially that part of humanity which suffers the most 
 — woman, she who falls the first victim of so many pre- 
 vailing false notions regarding education, propriety, 
 clothing, etc. ; she — unfortunately, I must confess it — 
 who is the joint cause of the listless, enervated, stunted 
 condition frequently seen in the present generation, and 
 especially in the better classes. 
 
 Nature gives us nothing without an object. This is 
 shown by the ancients’ unremitting search for the use of 
 the spleen. The smallest part of our body has its pur- 
 pose and contributes to the welfare of the entire organism. 
 We have our eyes and ears, hands and feet, to use in their 
 full development ; and who of us would be so irrational 
 as to teach his child to go through life with half-covered 
 eye, with half-stopped ear, or with closed hand ? ‘^No 
 one,” I hear in reply ; ^^no one !” The Chinese, indeed, 
 cripple the feet of their women ; they cramp their soles 
 as much as possible — the very parts that must bear the 
 body through life with ease and grace ! My dear reader, 
 the Chinese may not know any better, yet they are much 
 wiser than we Europeans. They violate the laws of 
 nature much less than we do. A person can be healthy 
 with three-fourths or one-half a foot, or, indeed, without 
 any foot at all. Without lungs life is not possible even 
 a moment ; and by our forcing one-half or three-fourths 
 of our lungs to remain inactive — as most of us in the 
 upper classes do — we give ourselves and our children an 
 enervated, sickly organism ; and we women develop the 
 germs of the many diseases which have become a disgrace 
 
DEEP BREATHING, 
 
 13 
 
 to humanity, and among which stands preeminently con- 
 sumption, which statistics say is the cause of twenty per 
 cent, of the deaths. For nature gives us nothing in vain, 
 nothing without a very useful purpose. She is right 
 every time, says Goethe, ^‘and particularly where we 
 least understand her.^^ She gave us so many lung-cells 
 that if spread out they would cover 14,000 square feet. 
 These were not given us for an ornament, but because 
 they are absolutely necessary for the preservation of 
 health and the maintenance of life. They are essential 
 for the reception of oxygen and the expulsion of carbonic 
 acid, which is the function of the respiratory process. 
 
 She cannot do otherwise than do right eternally,’^ ob- 
 serves the divinely-endowed poet further, ''unconcerned 
 as to what the results may be.^’ 
 
 Yes, heedless of the consequences, she goes along at- 
 taching inevitable effects to causes and calmly looks on, 
 for centuries and centuries, while everything seems pro- 
 gressive, while human knowledge of natural laws widens, 
 while the human organism becomes weaker and more 
 languid, and begins life burdened with more and more 
 disease-germs, puzzling scientists, who are kept busy in- 
 venting new names for the vocabulary of abnormal human 
 affections. Could we look into this vocabulary we would 
 shrink in terror from the awful number of ills to which 
 we are exposed. We laymen would also be more careful 
 how we speak disparagingly of the knowledge and skill of 
 our physicians. The superficial assertion is not infre- 
 quently heard, Pshaw! doctors don’t know it either.” 
 There is much, gracious reader, that the physician does 
 not know, but he knows a thousandfold more than we, 
 and particularly that which he wisely withholds from us, 
 viz. : That it is often difficult, almost impossible, to check 
 the devastating development of germs, which we not sel- 
 
14 
 
 DEEP BREATHING. 
 
 dom have had within us and have nourished many years, 
 and to bring the body to a healthful condition. The phy- 
 sician is constantly confronted by problems presented to 
 him by natural symptoms whose causes he must ascertain. 
 We should be willing to aid him in this difficult task, for 
 we best know our own physical and mental state. But, 
 above all, we should not be deaf to his advice, the ob- 
 servance of which often will spare us dangerous diseases. 
 For is it not true that we women, in spite of his repeated 
 warnings and in defiance of well-known natural laws, fol- 
 lowing fashion slavishly, cramp and deform our lungs and 
 chest, thereby impeding the respiratory process and giv- 
 ing our bodies an unnatural shape, suited to the wasp but 
 not to human beings ? And yet we inconsistently ridi- 
 cule the Chinese, — discovering the mote in our brother’s 
 eye while we are blind to the beam in our own eye ! 
 
 How often have I heard invalids say : We must be 
 to our parents a constant cause for self-reproach and accu- 
 sation, for we have them to thank for our miserable body, 
 which we, coughing^and panting, must drag through 
 life!” And, unfortunately, it is so. Were not phy- 
 sicians the most considerate and sympathetic of persons, 
 how often would our ears be shocked by unwelcome, 
 galling truths, — how often would be obliged to hear 
 at the bedside of our sick childreix, surrounded by sob- 
 bing mothers, these or similar words : You have given 
 your children this wretched organism. Your folly has 
 brought them so young to the brink of the grave. Your 
 mania for tight-lacing and your aversion to fresh air have 
 kept nature from exerting her salutary infiuence upon 
 the bodies of your children. You have burdened them 
 with this infirm body, with which they in turn will bear 
 children who likewise will be puny and sickly. Even 
 the poor, ill-nourished laboring woman produces healthy 
 
BEEP BBEATHING, 15 
 
 offspring, which you might haye did you obey nature’s 
 laws/^ 
 
 Oh, that the many warnings, oral and written, of 
 physiologists and hygienists were heeded more, especially 
 when they refer to the change of gases in our lungs ! 
 What must we do here — what terrible sacrifices of money 
 and time must we make ? Nothing to do except to give 
 our lungs room, and admit air freely to them. We merely 
 have to stop compressing our lungs into the smallest 
 space, thereby preventing millions of air-cells from per- 
 forming their functions. We should watch not only the 
 muscles of our arms and legs, but also thoige of inhalation 
 and exhalation ; we should not only not impede their 
 natural action, but exercise them voluntarily, as we do 
 the muscles of our hands and feet in the gymnasium, 
 that they subsequently may move automatically to the 
 good of our health. 
 
 Breath,’’ writes Dr. von der Deeken* (and Dr. Neu- 
 mann pronounces these statements as true as any that 
 have been made in the domain of the natural sciences), 
 — breath is an actual vivifying act; and the need of 
 breath, as felt, is a real life-hunger and a proof that 
 without the continual charging of the blood-column with 
 the proper force all the other vital organs would soon 
 stagnate and cease action altogether.” 
 
 The reply may be made : Why, we always breathe ; 
 indeed, we could not live without breathing.” It is true 
 that we breathe involuntarily, passively, but we should 
 breathe voluntarily, actively ; for, as Professor Lehwess f 
 writes, ^^full inhalation does not take place wholly with- 
 out our volition.” We ought to breathe voluntarily. 
 
 * Graefenhurger Mittheilungen, Heft 1, p. 7. 
 t Die Heilung des Stotterns, Braunschweig : Yieweg & Son, 1868. 
 
16 
 
 DEEP BREATHING, 
 
 forcibly, often ; and to be able to do this without fatigu- 
 ing in the least the most delicate and sickly constitution, 
 we should take deep breaths and teach them to our 
 families and friends. We should so strive that a new 
 century will not find a civilized, cultured, yes, a very 
 learned people unable to voluntarily, either for the pur- 
 poses of nature or of art, perform the first and most 
 indispensable function of life. According to my firm 
 belief, this is the most effectual means offered us of de- 
 stroying the innumerable, terrible disease-germs — especi- 
 ally the germ of consumption — ^which have accumulated 
 in us as the result of our perverted, unnatural manner of 
 life. In using this remedy we simply listen to nature, 
 who constantly urges us to take in breath ; we imitate 
 her when she uses fever — L e,, an increased functional 
 activity, an accelerating of the respiratory process — to 
 drive the seeds of disease from our bodies ; we aid her, 
 we anticipate her and pluck the fruit which ripens for 
 mankind on the tree of knowledge of natural, deep 
 breathing. 
 
 II. 
 
 Motto : Inspired air receives its first virtue through the gymnastic 
 of breathing. What is the use to send invalids to a healthy 
 region if they do not breathe its air deep into their lungs ? Air 
 of itself does not expand the lungs ; their mechanical expansion 
 is more salutary than the advantages of so-called healthy regions. 
 — Dr. Fr. Bicking. 
 
 ^^Who goes slow, goes sure,” were the words with 
 which I began, in the previously-mentioned book, to give 
 the result of my inquiries into deep breathing, — its effect 
 upon health and the art of song. In this, also, nature 
 sets us the example. Slowly and surely she develops 
 every seed and every grain of sand. Slowly and surely 
 
DEEP BREATHING. 
 
 17 
 
 she forms in us the almost unnoticeable microscopic 
 germs which frequently break out before our astonished 
 eyes in devastating diseases. Slowly and surely she allows 
 us to glance into her treasure-store that our information 
 may be founded upon fact, — to dive into experience from 
 which issues, likewise slowly and surely, knowledge, the 
 mother of wisdom. 
 
 In like manner man erects the structure of science. 
 Very slowly and surely rises that proud temple, whose 
 top already towers high, although many a stone is want- 
 ing to perfect it. Glad must be he who is able to con- 
 tribute even a grain of sand toward its construction. 
 This was my happy lot on communicating my experience 
 with the art of breathing and of song to a number of 
 Hollandic physiologists, who always encouraged and in- 
 structed me, and finally induced me to publish the results 
 of my inyestigations. 
 
 Up to the present time, voluntary deep Ireathing is not 
 discussed or mentioned in any physiological worh ! 
 
 Although recognized and recommended to the atten- 
 tion of physiologists by our leading periodicals, my book 
 has not accomplished its purpose. Why ? Very proba- 
 bly because I, in attempting to reveal a melancholy truth 
 with the greatest delicacy, gave too much prominence to 
 the art of song. In view of the deplorable scarcity of 
 physicians, the result of the new statuses, how could a 
 doctor, who is confronted by so many vital questions, be 
 expected to give special attention to vocal culture ? Has 
 he not too much on his hands already ? This is shown 
 by the petition recently addressed to the Dutch govern- 
 ment and signed by forty-nine physicians. What inter- 
 est, then, can a Hollandic doctor take in the flourishing 
 of a luxurious art ? Why should he care if, in distant 
 countries, many excellent voices are ruined by a bad 
 
18 
 
 DEEP BUEATEim, 
 
 method of breathing, if out of the true fountain of life, 
 health and happiness in the voluntary promotion of 
 change of organic substance, many singers drink sick- 
 ness, despair, and even death ? 
 
 Did not the art of song find the requisite protection, 
 on the part of physiologists, in Oribasius, CaBlius Aure- 
 lius, Plutarch, Mercurialis, Aristoteles, and Galen ? Did 
 they not recommend singing as conducive to health, and 
 as a remedy for various diseases ? Have not our con- 
 temporary scientists — Drs. Segond, Bennati, Debay, Co- 
 lombat de Plsere, Cruveilhier, and others — written on 
 this subject ? Has not Dr. Mandl, physician to the 
 Paris Conservatory, in conjunction with MM. Flourens 
 and Magendi, declared that the bad condition of the 
 voices of most French singers, after one or two years^ in- 
 struction, was wholly due to the manner of breathing 
 taught at the Conservatory ? Did they not add, that of 
 the various modes of breathing — clavicular, costal, and 
 abdominal — only the last named should be recommended 
 as practicable, correct, and advantageous to health and 
 voice ? Is not this also the view of Dr. Lennox Browne, 
 surgeon to Her Majesty’s Italian Opera in London, who, 
 in a recent lecture before a large scientific society, de- 
 monstrated that singers’ injured voices were the fruit of 
 wrong breathing, and that the secret of proper cultiva- 
 tion and preservation of the voice was lost with the old 
 Italian school, whose masters did their utmost to develop 
 deep breathing — abdominal breathing, which seemed to 
 him the only respiratory method to advise ? 
 
 All this is only too true, and it would be ingratitude 
 on our part if we did not acknowledge the debt we owe to 
 these and many other physiologists for their efforts in be- 
 half of the art of song. Not less true is it, as Dr. Browne 
 further observed, that the cultivation and preservation of 
 
DEEP BBEATHma. 
 
 19 
 
 the human voice should be under the guidance of a phys- 
 iologist, of a physician. The opinion of this distin- 
 guished man is the same that I expressed to our physiol- 
 ogists, when I besought them to take up their pen for the 
 good cause. But they advised me to do it myself. In 
 view of these facts it is less surprising that I at once de- 
 voted myself assiduously to the study of the human re- 
 spiratory organs, and wrote a book, in which I tried to 
 proved to scientists that, if the decline of the art of song 
 was due to the manner of breathing, this abnormal 
 respiratory method was the fault of physiologists, for 
 they have discussed all the various modes (even the worst) 
 of breathing, except the only right one — abdominal! 
 
 This neglect is the more to be wondered at, and the 
 more to be deplored, when the consequences are consid- 
 ered. Centuries and centuries have passed since respira- 
 tory gymnastics were recommended as a means to restore 
 and preserve health. Dr. Neumann, in his valuable 
 work,* says : The Chinese employed voluntary and in- 
 geniously varied breath-taking as a remedy for many dis- 
 eases. Likewise, the people of East India, 1300 years 
 B. c., practiced breathing, holding the air in the lungs, 
 etc., several times a day, for the purpose of cleansing all 
 the organs of the body, especially those of the chest. 
 
 Cselius and Galen, and other Greek and Eoman physi- 
 cians, recommended deep breathing and retention of air — 
 cohibitio spiritus — as a daily exercise and as a remedy. 
 They believed thereby to increase the heat of the inner 
 organism, to enlarge the chest, to strengthen the res- 
 piratory organs, to remove impurities from the breast, 
 to open the pores of the skin, to thin the skin itself, 
 and to drive fluids through. 
 
 * Die Athmungshunst des Menschen, 
 
20 
 
 DEEP BREATHim. 
 
 the Middle Ages/^ writes Dr. Neumann, ^Hhe 
 Greek and Eoman physicians, as is shown by the writings 
 of Mercurialis, Oribasius, and others, knew the use of 
 respiratory gymnastics in the treatment of diseases only 
 theoretically, but did not employ them in their practice ; 
 certainly they did not improve upon them.^^ Yet we 
 read in the writings of Oribasius very interesting remarks 
 on the influence of singing upon the course of various dis- 
 eases. Singing was used not only to prevent but to cure 
 affections of the lungs and of the digestive organs. Plu- 
 tarch asserts that the exercise of the voice does much to 
 promote health, and Cselius Aurelius prescribed singing 
 as a remedy for headache, catarrh and insanity. 
 
 Now, what is singing but exercise, especially of the 
 respiratory apparatus ? Does it not consist in a constant 
 change of a large quantity of air which we first voluntar- 
 ily retain in order to expel it again with all possible force ? 
 Does it not consist in an actual renewal of the air 
 within us ? It is the employment of the different breath- 
 movements used as a remedy by the Chinese, as religious 
 exercises by the people of India, as a health-preservative 
 by the Greeks and Eomans, and for the same purpose by 
 Oribasius in the Middle Ages. Singing is, therefore, a 
 breath and lung-gymnastic, recommended centuries ago, 
 but which, unfortunately, since then has been little known 
 in theory or practice. 
 
 Many great singers have appeared on the artistic hori- 
 zon ; much has been written upon the art of singing ; 
 gymnasts, whose chief aim is to strengthen, by the vol- 
 untary exercise of all the muscles, the body, and especi- 
 ally the lungs, have sought to impart their knowledge for 
 the good of mankind — yet in spite of all this, their efforts 
 have mainly failed because of the neglect of separate, 
 voluntary, deep-breathing exercises. They were wrecked 
 
DEEP BREA THING, 
 
 21 
 
 on the ignorance which still exists in regard to the hu- 
 man respiratory functions. The lung-gymnastics of 
 thousands of years ago subsequently fell into disuse, and 
 in our day are, unfortunately, known only by name. 
 
 What has been the cause of this melancholy state of 
 affairs ? Has science — the knowledge of nature and of 
 her laws — made such giant strides forward in the last 
 decades that we haye been induced to overlook the value 
 of good air, the first and best means offered by nature for 
 allaying our life-hunger ? Have scientists failed to ac- 
 quaint us with its virtue ? Do they stand mute and mo- 
 tionless, perceiving unconcerned how humanity comes 
 into existence in individuals always weaker, punier, and 
 less and less fit for life’s duties ? Do they behold how 
 impoverished blood, scurvy, nervousness^and that terrible 
 plague, consumption, are devastating more and more 
 all classes of society, sparing neither wealth nor youth ? 
 Do they see all this without warning us, without teach- 
 ing us, without imparting to us their knowledge ? 
 
 ISTo ! Numberless books prove the contrary. The 
 physician, the ever-sympathizing, true friend of suffering 
 humanity, does not stop with using all the remedies 
 known to him. He searches unremittingly in that laby- 
 rinth called the human body, in which he is able to ob- 
 tain actual insight only when the spirit has departed and 
 all the life-functions have ceased. He investigates rest- 
 lessly, and communicates whatever can be of service to 
 us. How many books can be found which have the same 
 origin and aim — to direct us laymen to the inexorable 
 laws of nature, who so often punishes slight offenses with 
 the severest, most deplorable consequences. 
 
 Beside those already named, I would mention Dr. 
 Bock, the renowned champion of the general dissemi- 
 nation of approved remedies and sanitary measures, and 
 
22 
 
 DEEP BPEATHim. 
 
 the indefatigable opponent of secret nostrums, W^ho in his 
 multitudinous writings continually advises powerful 
 inspirations and expirations in the purest air/^ Oruveil- 
 hier, in his Mouvements de Tetanos ” Tetanic Move- 
 ments’’], recommends deep breathing not only as a health- 
 remedy, but also as a cure for muscular convulsions, es- ^ 
 pecially tonic spasms. Prof. Lehwess, speech-physician 
 of Berlin, in his Heilung des Stott er ns ” Cure of 
 
 Stuttering”], expresses the same opinion, and bases his 
 method for the cure of stuttering mainly upon respira- 
 tory and vocal exercises. He says: Thereby we work 
 upon enervated muscles and their functions, bring them 
 into permanent activity, and make them obedient to our 
 will. Thus, not only will the respiratory system be en- 
 larged and quickened, and the lungs strengthened, but 
 the blood’s circulation promoted and the injurious influ- 
 ence overcome which often takes away the stutterer’s 
 courage for speaking and puts his very soul in chains.” 
 
 Notwithstanding the great excellence of his book. Prof. 
 Lehwess describes as little as do Dr. Bock and others, 
 natural, deep breathing. How many medical and scien- 
 tiflc books are translated into other languages ! In this 
 connection I can mention in one breath two eminent, 
 learned philanthropists, without being able to decide 
 which one deserves the greater admiration — either the 
 celebrated and talented Dr. Niemeyer, of Leipzig, who, in 
 warning tones through all his writings, urges breathing 
 gymnastics upon well and sick in words like these : 
 
 Prize air ; use good, pure air ; breathe fresh air in your 
 room by night as well as by day.” Or Dr. Sannes, of 
 Kotterdam, who, in his translations of Dr. Niemeyer’s 
 works, fully agrees with his colleague, and sends forth 
 his teachings like a powerful echo for the good of his 
 fatherland and his countrymen. 
 
DEEP BREATHING, 
 
 23 
 
 To both of these gentlemen I owe boundless thanks, 
 for by their prescribed cold-remedy — breathing exercises 
 by open window, the fresh air (even in very cold weather) 
 streaming into a warm room, at the beginning of the 
 cold — have cured, in one or two days, at various times, 
 very dear friends who formerly were subject to long 
 weary months of sickness as the result of colds. I must 
 add that, following the advice of my physician. Dr. Swa- 
 ving, of Arnheim, I did not have my patients stand at 
 the window, but lying in bed secured from draft and too 
 strong a current of air. 
 
 Dr. Dally, in his work, speaking of the purely chemical 
 direction taken by medicine and the consequent disregard 
 of organic and particularly respiratory treatment, writes: 
 
 There is, then, a vast chasm in medical art. We must 
 . attribute this neglect to the present ignorance of the re- 
 medial gymnastics of the ancients, and to the too great 
 importance given to the accessory sciences in modern 
 therapeutics, which too often are veritable chemical ex- 
 periments.’’ Dr. Dally may rejoice at the progress made 
 in this respect. We are indebted most to his great ad- 
 mirer and imitator. Dr. Neumann, who, in his volumi- 
 nous book entitled Die Atlimungskunst des Menschen^^ 
 The Art of Breathing of Man”], contributes not only 
 grains of sand, as he modestly says, but blocks of stone 
 to fill up the gaps indicated by Dr. Dally. 
 
 Dr. Neumann’s work has been a real guide to me in 
 exploring the field of the human respiratory system. 
 Doubtless, many of my lady readers would like to know 
 how it led me to the discovery that physiological books, 
 instead of describing natural, voluntary, deep breathing, 
 only treat of an artificial enlargement of the thorax. 
 The fulfilling of this desire would, unfortunately, tax 
 their minds. I would have to lead them to regions not 
 
24 
 
 BEEF BBEATHim. 
 
 willingly approached by delicate, womanly natures, to 
 subjects they shrink from discussing, to vital questions 
 upon which they do not care to think. 
 
 However, I write mainly for the welfare of woman. 
 My own experience teaches me how difficult it is for us 
 women, even with a great object in view, to hold our- 
 selves to the consideration of that living wonder called 
 the human body — to ascertain how this cause produces 
 that effect ; how this muscle supports that muscle ; not- 
 withstanding that this negligence may be the means of 
 our overlooking how certain muscles, which we are 
 wrongly using and overtaxing by our artificial mode of 
 living, are disturbing the natural functions of other mus- 
 cles ; and also the means of our misunderstanding en- 
 tirely the speech of nature, because it,’’ as Schopen- 
 hauer says, ^^is so very simple.” We thus impose hard, 
 unnecessary burdens upon our bodies, as is the case in 
 voluntary costal breathing. 
 
 Fortunately, we women do not require so great and 
 comprehensive knowledge of nature in order to be healthy 
 and energetic, to be useful to ourselves and to others. 
 We do not need to pile superfluous, scientiflc burdens on 
 our delicate bodies, already exposed to so many cares and 
 sorrows, before we can avail ourselves of the blessings so 
 freely and abundantly offered us by nature. All we have 
 to do is to avoid those perils which are bringing our sex — 
 yes, all civilized humanity — to the brink of a terrible 
 abyss breathing forth sorrow and pain. We must no 
 longer despise and reject the first and chief vital nour- 
 ishment. We must learn to practically develop those 
 parts of our body which are designed to receive it and to 
 convert it into natural bodily nutrition. As many scien- 
 tists of this and former times have advised, we must 
 learn to inhale air, much air ; not according to the man- 
 
DEEP BREATHING. 
 
 25 
 
 ner described in physiological books, which, in the words 
 of Dr. Neumann, is very difficult to perform, and re- 
 quires great and repeated efforts, and which only expands 
 the sides of the lungs, leaving the lower parts unfilled, so 
 that on taking a powerful inspiration a painful pressure 
 is experienced ; not in this manner, which would be im- 
 possible for our invalids, and practicable only for very 
 powerful men, but in a way better adapted to our fine, 
 delicate constitutions — a manner of breathing that shall 
 expand the lungs and chest more in their length than in 
 their breadth, and which shall be easy and unfatiguing. 
 Upon this basis lung-gymnastics, recommended so long 
 in vain, will receive due recognition, and through them 
 will be opened a fountain of health for humanity ; a 
 fountain always with us — one which scientists have known 
 and recommended for centuries, but yet have failed to 
 discover the easiest and most practical way to draw there- 
 from. 
 
 Just because it is so simple must a simple woman dis- 
 close the secret from the ruins of a life replete with bitter 
 experiences ! Yes, in the true sense of the word deep 
 breathing is simple — in proportion far simpler than the 
 mentioned rib-breathing is complicated, difficult and 
 tiresome. It is found as an instinctive natural move- 
 ment in new-born infants. Valentin reports this as a 
 very significant discovery of Drs. Beau and Maissat. 
 Other physiologists have observed it in children up to the 
 fourth and fifth year, while Dr. Kerbert has found it re- 
 cently in children eight years old. 
 
 The belief seems to be that abdominal breathing in its 
 full normal condition does not exist in more advanced age, 
 for in medical works it is given as the result of coughing, 
 sneezing, attacks of asthma, etc. Later/’ says Valen- 
 tin’s Human Physiology,” man breathes with the 
 2 
 
26 
 
 DEEP BREATHING. 
 
 lower, woman with the upper ribs/^ This may be so, 
 unfortunately, but certainly not because nature wishes it. 
 No, but because we, in consequence of false education, 
 begun in childhood and which extends its baneful in- 
 fluence all through life, check the activity of the respira- 
 tory muscles and thereby favor whatever predisposition to 
 pulmonary disease there may be, particularly lung-tuber- 
 cles (too short inspirations and retentions of air). 
 
 Girls, especially, are apt to restrict prematurely, I may 
 almost say willfully, free bodily movements. Lacing, 
 much sitting and hard study in school, fancy work at 
 home, — all these tend to prevent free, deep breathing. 
 The muscles lose their activity while we develop our chil- 
 dren into art-products. 
 
 What wonder, then, that physiologists find no other 
 mode of breathing than that which expands the upper 
 ribs in woman and the lower ribs in man, when this is the 
 only movement possible, because these are the only mus- 
 cles that hitherto have been called into play in respiration. 
 Neither is it surprising that the patient, at the request of 
 the doctor to breathe deep, usually breathes only high or 
 attempts to enlarge his chest in an abnormal manner. 
 
 What wonder, then, that I, during the many years I 
 wrestled with this vital question, met only three physiol- 
 ogists who employed deep breathing, and who considered 
 it so simple and natural that they gazed at me in astonish- 
 ment when I named many of their colleagues who were 
 not so well informed in this respect, who were able to 
 employ only voluntary costal breathing as described by 
 Valentin, who thankfully received instruction from me 
 in deep breathing, and promised to teach it to other phy- 
 sicians, to their patients and scholars. 
 
 Doubtless a great many physicians are like Dr. Nie- 
 meyer. They not only will admit that deep breathing is 
 
DEEP BREATHma. 
 
 27 
 
 the right and natural method for every person, but also 
 will suppose that every one can employ it as easily as them- 
 selves. But this is an entirely wrong conclusion. I have 
 met many persons, particularly those advanced in years, 
 who breathed deep instinctively, but who could not do it 
 voluntarily before they were taught. Among such was 
 a physician of forty-five years’ practice, who did not 
 breathe deep, and who believed that he could not on ac- 
 count of pleurisy. His surprise was great when he, after 
 short instruction, could take twenty to thirty long con- 
 secutive inspirations without discomfort. It is indeed 
 a new system,” he exclaimed. 
 
 What wonder ! 
 
 If our contemporary physiologists had read of a method 
 of voluntary, full respiration other than Valentin’s labo- 
 rious expansion of the ribs (which they could suppose pos- 
 sible only for vigorous persons), if they had known and 
 practiced voluntary, active deep breathing, they never 
 would have withheld it from suffering humanity ; they 
 never would have allowed the present generation, blessed 
 with so much knowledge and so proud of its intellectual 
 development, to remain ignorant of and unable to use at 
 will the most important natural function in the human 
 body. They would have spared the people of the present 
 day, with all their attainments, the necessity of learning 
 the ridiculous, if it were not so melancholy a fact, that a 
 large part of their power had been unutilized in consequence 
 of a sin of omission committed through ignorance. Deep 
 breathing and retention of air would long ago have been 
 introduced in all schools as an obligatory daily practice ; 
 lung-gymnastics would be known not only in name but in 
 deed, by their beneficial effects ; and attempts to show the 
 necessity of respiratory exercises would not prove fruitless 
 with so large a number of medical men. Thousands of 
 
28 
 
 DEEP BREATHING. 
 
 invalids, especially consumptives, to whom long inspira- 
 tions of good air were prescribed as the first remedy, 
 would not torture themselves with straining movements 
 of their respiratory organs, already suffering, and finally 
 stop trying in the belief that they could not breathe deep 
 any more, that they were too weak, too sick, and that 
 their lungs would no longer endure it. 
 
 This is an error, a general, predominating, ruinous 
 error. 
 
 There is no easier, healthier and more quieting move- 
 ment for the human body to make than that required for 
 deep breathing. I have taught it to children ten years 
 old, and to persons seventy or eighty years of age, to sick 
 and well, to those afflicted with heart or lung-disease, 
 even to those in the last stages of consumption, — and all 
 have invariably expressed delight and satisfaction at this 
 simple and salutary exercise which, when rightly learned, 
 can be practiced ten, twenty or fifty times without injur- 
 ing or fatiguing the chest. The invalid confined to chair 
 or bed, as well as a person in good health, can breathe 
 deep hundreds of times a day, thereby greatly invigorat- 
 ing his entire body. 
 
 I now proceed to show how natural deep breathing can 
 be learned, illustrating by means of cuts. In doing this 
 I follow the example of Dr. Eenzone, of Naples, who, in 
 1879, published a work entitled, Manuale di Fisiologia 
 Umana, Figures I. and II. are taken from this book. 
 They represent the type of voluntary inhalation hereto- 
 fore known in physiology, and which, as has been taught, 
 is different in men and women. 
 
 Figures III. and IV. illustrate the mode of deep inhala- 
 tion discovered by me, which is the same for both sexes, 
 and which only in sudden forcing of the air into the 
 upper parts of the lungs, or in very powerful exhalation. 
 
DEEP BREATHING. 29 
 
 causes an expansion of the thorax, as indicated by figures 
 V. and VI. 
 
 To learn deep breathing, be as passive as possible ; that 
 is, assume a position in which all the voluntary motor 
 
 Figs. I., II. Voluntary rib-breathing. 
 
 muscles are inactive. Lie flat on the back, perfectly 
 horizontal, without even an elevation of the head. 
 
 Shut the mouth and draw the air in through the 
 channel provided by nature — the nose. 
 
 As a result of bad habits, most persons will raise the 
 
30 
 
 DEEP BBEATHING. 
 
 Tipper ribs, yet this expansion will soon yield to a move- 
 ment of the lower ribs, and this again will gradually 
 cease by continued practice, as will also every distention 
 of the ribs. All these faulty movements will be super- 
 
 Fiqs, III., IV. Voluntary deep inhalation. 
 
 seded by a bulging out pf the abdomen, whose outward 
 swelling will be proportioned to the amount of air inhaled 
 (Figs. III?, ly.), In forcible exhalation the abdomen 
 is drawn in and the chest is pushed out, as shown in 
 Figures V. and VI, 
 
DEEP BREATHING. 
 
 31 
 
 This rising and sinking of the abdomen as an involun- 
 tary manifestation of quiet breathing (in sleep, for in- 
 stance), and the effect of coughing and sneezing, are 
 known to physiologists, who will easily understand that 
 these movements can be made voluntary without fatigu- 
 ing the chest, for in deep inhalation the diaphragm alone 
 seems to be active, and in forcible displacement of the 
 air toward the middle and upper parts of the breast, or 
 in exhalation, our principal expiratory muscles — the 
 abdominal, — with the greatest consideration for the many 
 and weaker respiratory muscles of the thorax, do nearly 
 all the work ! 
 
 The importance of the abdominal muscles, their co- 
 operation in ordinary respiration, has been recognized by 
 Haller, who calls attention to the fact that they not only 
 work upon the ribs, but also promote expiration, by 
 pressing the viscera against the diaphragm. Although 
 no one has clearly mentioned their voluntary participation 
 in inhalation, yet I feel confident in asserting that, with- 
 out the voluntary expansion or relaxation of the abdom- 
 inal muscles, a deep inhalation is impossible, as is 
 likewise a powerful exhalation without their voluntary 
 contraction. It may, therefore, be concluded that in the 
 voluntary, alternate expansion and contraction of the 
 abdomen is the key to understanding and carrying out 
 deep breathing, which alone furnishes the basis for a 
 correct system of lung-gymnastics. 
 
 Is it necessary to add that deep abdominal breathing 
 produces an effect entirely different from that of rib- 
 breathing ; that in the deepest possible breathing the 
 chest is lengthened down\yard, without a sideward ex- 
 pansion of the ribs ; that in strong exhalation and in 
 changing the air to, or holding it in, the upper chest, it 
 (chest) is enlarged, thereby artificially increasing the size 
 
32 
 
 DEEP BREATHING. 
 
 of the thorax, but without the deleterious consequences 
 ascribed by Dr. Neumann to rib-breathing ? 
 
 Men and children have no trouble in learning deep 
 breathing, which is also soon mastered by women, if they 
 have not sinned too grievously against the laws of their 
 being. Such women, however, married or single, as are 
 victims to false training and senseless custom, will require 
 more time and effort to restore their respiratory function 
 to its normal condition. Still, in a supine position, as 
 already described, deep breathing is easily acquired, and 
 by practice it can soon be carried out in any posture of 
 the body. 
 
 What else is this but the natural breathing of every 
 person, heretofore neglected or unknown because of our 
 tendency, whenever we attempt something natural, to 
 always begin with the artificial, and thus are led off and 
 lose sight of nature’s laws ? This is proved by the fact 
 that for many centuries only the enlargement of the 
 thorax was described and advised, and by the truth of 
 the assertion that the attainment of the highest art 
 is simply a return to nature, in the realization of 
 which many, indeed, may be called but only few are 
 chosen. 
 
 Such a deplorable state of the art of song and of res- 
 piration will cease to exist whenever the secret — small, 
 yet of the greatest importance — which I now reveal is 
 utilized for effecting a return to the natural, upon which 
 all true art must be based. 
 
 The height of the art of breathing — which is also 
 conducive to the best physical health —may be attained 
 by holding the air a long time, by pressing it from the 
 lower to the middle and to the upper part of the breast, 
 and vice versa ; by practicing until the lungs are strength- 
 ened and a pointed or high breath {^Spitz oder Hochath- 
 
DEEP BREATHim. 
 
 33 
 
 men) is as easy as costal and abdominal breathing, and 
 until ten as well as twenty complete respirations may be 
 taken per minute without the slightest fatigue to the 
 chest. 
 
 Invalids, especially consumptives, should not attempt 
 this perfection in the art of breathing. To derive ben- 
 efit from it they should be content with gentle flowing 
 in and out of the air, alternating with short retentions 
 of the breath. 
 
 By no means join deep breathing loith other bodily 
 movements. Dr. Neumann says that the motor mus- 
 cles are antagonistic to those of inhalation and exhala- 
 tion.^^ When we, as in walking, contract the abdominal 
 muscles for the locomotion of the whole body, we should 
 not strive to force them into the relaxation necessary for 
 deep breathing. 
 
 I advise the pupil of singing to always breathe through 
 the nose; and, during the hour devoted exclusively to 
 practice, to take a sitting or even a backward reclining 
 position. This is the secret employed by the Italian 
 masters to develop deep breathing in their pupils, and it 
 is certainly most effectual, for in this position the various 
 muscles which can impede respiration are passive. 
 
 The Italian school of singing is represented (even if 
 sparingly) in Germany. In the schools of Stockhausen, 
 Dr. Gunz, Cav. Lamperti and others, there are unmis- 
 takable traces of a thorough method of deep breathing, as 
 evidenced in Patti, Trebelli, Nilsson, Alboni, Cruvelli, 
 Faure, etc. Emil Briide, actor at the Eoyal Theatre and 
 teacher of dramatic art in the Conservatory, Dresden, 
 does his utmost to develop deep breathing in his pupils 
 and spare them from the terrible gasping breaths which 
 characterize so many talented actors and singers, who by 
 straining their shoulders and involving their arms in 
 2 * 
 
34 
 
 DEEP BREATEma. 
 
 their respiratory struggles, not seldom awaken more pity 
 than admiration in the astonished audience. 
 
 That these melancholy manifestations may disappear 
 
 Figs. V., VI. Powerful, voluntary deep exhalation. 
 
 through the knowledge, the spread and the proper esti- 
 mation of deep breathing, is my earnest wish. I warmly 
 recommend respiratory gymnastics, by themselves and 
 without tone, to singers and actors. 
 
 An excellent way to apply deep breathing -to singing, 
 reading and speaking is to first breathe in with closed 
 
DEEP BREATHim. 35 
 
 mouth and then pronounce repeatedly a few syllables 
 loudly, as, — 
 
 (1) all, bah, kah, dah, 
 
 ( 2 ) fay, gay, hay, he, 
 
 (3) ye, ke, le, me, ne, etc., etc. 
 
 By paying close attention to the articulation of the 
 consonants and to placing the syllables in front, i,e,y on 
 the lips, a double purpose will be served. These exer- 
 cises should first be practiced while lying flat on the back, 
 subsequently while standing, sitting, and, in fact, in 
 crooked and bent attitudes. By pursuing this course 
 deep inhalation and exhalation will soon become an es- 
 tablished habit ; the voice will have a true air-column to 
 rest upon and will gain a vibratory power never before 
 possessed. 
 
 We must have artists and we must pay artists. Un- 
 fetter art, that she may no longer grant golden wings to 
 only a few lucky birds ! By producing a greater number 
 of good artists, is the only way to accomplish this. 
 
 In confirmation of what has been said in regard to the 
 influence of deep breathing upon combating and curing 
 consumption, I refer to the works already mentioned, 
 and to the writings of other scientists. I should like to 
 close this treatise by adding the entire book of Dr. Fr. 
 Bicking, entitled ‘^Eespiratory Gymnastics for the Cure 
 of Various Diseases, Especially Consumption,^’ which is a 
 most interesting, valuable and learned work; but, un- 
 fortunately, I can only refer the reader to it, as a melan- 
 choly verification of my statement, that only in the recog- 
 nition, the learning and the daily practice of deep breath- 
 ing in schools, hospitals, etc., will teachers and physicians 
 have the means to free humanity from the evils of in- 
 dolence, vanity and bad habits. 
 
36 
 
 DEEP BREATHING. 
 
 I agree with. Zoe von Eeuss, who says : — A powerful 
 and reliable element would thereby be introduced in edu- 
 cation which would compel a due realization of the neces- 
 sity of constant intercourse with nature, in a continual 
 and copious replenishing of air, which is the true vitalizer 
 of the blood. A person thus trained would not be able 
 to dispense with the comfort and satisfaction afforded 
 by deep breathing.” 
 
 This element would likewise induce women of tight- 
 lacing propensities to ventilate their lungs well, at least 
 a few times every day — as Dr. Niemeyer repeatedly recom- 
 mends ; while it would teach all to know and prize the 
 best gift of nature and to enjoy it out of a full Ireast. 
 
 That it is really not the fault of physicians that we 
 have not and do not avail ourselves of the benefits of 
 deep breathing, is shown by the works already referred to. 
 From 1872, Dr. Bicking has told us that respiratory 
 gymnastics are the only effectual remedy for pulmonary 
 affections, and especially for that terrible, most frequent 
 and devastating one — consumption. Dr. Niemeyer, of 
 Leipzig, Dr. Stein, of Frankfort, Dr. Dornbliith, of 
 Kostock — and who knows how many more ? — repeated 
 the same conviction several years afterward ; but, in 
 spite of all, breathing exercises remain unknown, save by 
 name, to this day; they have been introduced in no 
 school, are taught by scarcely any one, are practiced by 
 few, and, as centuries ago, are praised sky-high in theory, 
 while in practice they are withheld from men on earth. 
 
 Let us close these unpleasant refiections by quoting 
 the celebrated words of a pious and learned Pope, non 
 andra sempre cost, in the sincere wish, — May it not al- 
 ways le so ! 
 
 The work of Dr. Kenzone, already referred to, leads us 
 to hope for the dawning of a better era. This is the only 
 
DEEP BREATHma. 
 
 37 
 
 book I know of that gives a complete description of a deep 
 exhalation in which the ribs remain perfectly motionless. 
 
 The question arises, if any book other than mine gives 
 a mode of complete respiration in which the ribs remain 
 perfectly motionless. It may be, but I am not acquainted 
 with such a work. Whatever may be the fact, my earnest 
 and unceasing prayer is, that out of pity for the many 
 invalids, out of love to all humanity, yes out of love for 
 the beautiful and salutary art of song, every person may 
 learn and practice 
 
 DEEP BREATHING. 
 
APPENDIX L 
 
 INTEEESTING FACTS COKCEENING THE AIK — VENTILA- 
 TION, DKAUGHTS, ETC. 
 
 The atmosphere is composed of oxygen and nitrogen 
 in the following proportion (by weight): 
 
 Oxygen, 20.96 parts in 100. 
 
 Nitrogen, 79.04 
 
 By measure. 
 
 Oxygen, 23 parts. 
 
 Nitrogen, 74 
 
 There exists also from one-third to one-half of one 
 per cent, of carbonic acid, a trace of ammonia, and the 
 spectroscope reveals a little chloride of sodium. The 
 amount of this latter is so small the chemist cannot 
 detect it. A quantity of ozone is present, in varying 
 amounts according to the location and time of day. 
 
 The oxygen serves as a food for men and animals. 
 The carbonic acid, ammonia, and nitrogen serve as food 
 for plants. 
 
 The ozone is one of the disinfectants or purifiers of 
 the air. 
 
 The chloride of sodium probably serves as a tonic for 
 man, and also as a food for plants. There is most of it 
 in the air near the sea-shore. 
 
 There is a varying amount of moisture, which is req- 
 uisite to both the animal and vegetable world. 
 
 39 
 
40 
 
 APPENDIX L 
 
 We need air constantly, both to nourish us and to keep 
 us cool. 
 
 Every breath we inhale carries into the body a certain 
 amount of oxygen. 
 
 Every breath we exhale carries off a certain amount of 
 animal heat, carbonic acid, vapor, and traces of other 
 substances. 
 
 Every adult requires daily about 360 cubic feet of pure 
 fresh air. 
 
 This equals 2,000 gallons for one day, and 730,000 gal- 
 lons for one year. 
 
 The 2,000 gallons of air required daily weigh 25 
 pounds. 
 
 A human being, then, requires by weight three times 
 as much air as he does of food and drink combined. 
 About eight and one-half pounds of the latter are con- 
 sidered sufficient daily for a hard-working man. 
 
 The air is 770 times lighter than water at the sea- 
 level, but as we ascend it becomes constantly lighter. 
 
 The height of the atmosphere is not known. Some 
 have estimated it to be forty-five miles, but others think 
 it not less than two hundred miles high. 
 
 In the open country, in the forest, and by the sea-side, 
 the air is purest, and the oxygen and ozone most abun- 
 dant. 
 
 The vegetable world takes up the carbonic acid of the 
 air for food and gives back oxygen — a process exactly the 
 reverse of what animals do. 
 
 In the crowded parts of a city there is less oxygen 
 than in ^ open spaces. A very small decrease in this sub- 
 stance in the air seriously affects the health. A man 
 would die at once in an air containing only 18 parts of 
 oxygen. 
 
 The weight of the air pressing on a human being of 
 
APPENDIX L 41 
 
 average size amoun*ts to about 14 tons, or 15 pounds to 
 the square inch. 
 
 There are tides in the air like those in the ocean, and 
 they occur with the same regularity. 
 
 The impurities of the air are numerous, but we do not 
 call the small amounts of carbonic acid, ammonia, and 
 other substances which exist in the open air, impurities. 
 It is only when they are present to an extent injurious 
 to health that they become so. 
 
 The impurities of the air are of two kinds — gaseous 
 and solid. 
 
 The gaseous impurities are carbonic acid, carbonic 
 oxide, ammonia, and such other substances as result from 
 animal and vegetable decay. There also arises from fac- 
 tories filthy soil and water, and other poisonous gases 
 too numerous to mention. 
 
 The solid, impurities are smoke, dust, dirt, the pollen 
 of flowers, minute particles of wood, cotton, silk, epithe- 
 lial scales from the body, tobacco fumes, particles of 
 minerals arising from copper, steel, iron in factories, 
 smut from diseased plants, pus corpuscles from wounds, 
 and various other substances. 
 
 The germs of disease or bacteria are also solid impu- 
 rities of an organized vegetable nature, so minute they 
 cannot be seen. . These produce small-pox, diphtheria, 
 measles, whooping-cough, malarial fevers, etc. There 
 are also bacteria which are harmless, as well as dan- 
 gerous ones. 
 
 We measure the gaseous impurities of the air by the 
 amount of carbonic acid it contains. If there is much 
 of this, other gases are also generally present, and vice 
 versa, 
 
 Nature’s method of purifying the air is by rain, wind, 
 sunshine ; by plants taking up the carbonic acid and re- 
 
42 
 
 APPENDIX L 
 
 turning oxygen, and by the formation of ozone, which 
 has the power of burning up or decomposing some of its 
 dangerous elements. 
 
 Certain trees and plants give off volatile odors and 
 vapors, which help to purify the air and render it both 
 fragrant and wholesome. The pine-tree exhalations are 
 conspicuous examples. 
 
 Ventilation is the art of removing from our dwellings 
 the products of respiration, cutaneous exhalation, the 
 combustion of fires and lights, and the effluvia from the 
 sick-room, the vapors from the kitchen, etc., by a stream 
 of pure air. 
 
 The amount of air required to ventilate a room depends 
 on its size, the number of persons in it, and the standard 
 of purity we wish to maintain. 
 
 There are two standards of purity for house air. One 
 is the English standard, which requires that the carbonic 
 acid in it shall not be more than 0.6 parts in 1,000 of 
 air. The other standard is that set up by Pettenkoffer, 
 the German hygienist, which allows 1 part of carbonic 
 acid to 1,000 of air. Out-door air has 0.3 or 0.4 parts 
 per thousand. 
 
 To maintain the English standard of purity requires 
 not far from 3,000 cubic feet of fresh air per hour 
 to each individual. To maintain the German stand- 
 ard requires 2,100 cubic feet for each occupant per 
 hour. 
 
 To get so much fresh air into a room without a draught 
 is easy enough ^where only a few persons are present. It 
 often becomes a serious matter where a large number are 
 congregated in a small space. 
 
 Draughts are believed to be dangerous. We can en- 
 dure a million gallons of air hourly during a high wind if 
 it is not too cold, and we are out of doors at work ; but 
 
APPENDIX L 
 
 43 
 
 the strongest man cannot endure 1,000 gallons an hour 
 of cold air blowing on him when sitting still. When we 
 are quiet we want the air quiet, too. 
 
 A draught is a current of air moying at a rate percep- 
 tible to our senses, and blown only on one part of the 
 body. At a temperature of 60 degrees, when the air 
 moves at the rate of feet per second, it is not per- 
 ceived by the most delicate person. At 2 feet per sec- 
 ond, a few sensitive ones notice it. At 3 feet per second, 
 the movement is barely perceptible by almost all, and at 
 3 J feet by all. If the air is colder than 60 degrees, a slower 
 movement is felt. 
 
 The secret, then, of good ventilation, is to supply 3,000 
 feet of pure air per hour to each individual. The sick 
 need more than this. In the best hospitals 6,000 feet are 
 allowed, and even this has been found insufficient. The 
 nearer the air is to the pure out-door air for the sick, the 
 more rapidly will they recover. 
 
 In mines it has been found that the workmen do more 
 labor when 7,000 feet of fresh air are supplied to them 
 hourly. If less than 6,000 are allowed, they become lan- 
 guid and incapable of great exertion. The same is true 
 in factories, and it is bad economy to supply less. 
 
 Air once inhaled is unfit to be breathed again until 
 subjected to the purifying infiuences of nature. 
 
 Our senses should be kept in such a healthy condition 
 that they will instantly detect impure air, and thus warn 
 us of the danger we are in. 
 
 It requires only a few minutes for five hundred people 
 in a church, lecture-room, school, theatre, or other places 
 where they may be congregated, to render the air therein 
 unfit for the purposes of respiration. 
 
 Our methods of dress interfere with the deep inhala- 
 tion of air, and thus diminish our life force. A tightly 
 
44 
 
 APPENDIX L 
 
 fitting dress diminishes the amount of air inspired about 
 one-third. 
 
 A man expires daily about 16 cubic feet of carbonic 
 acid. 
 
 Two sperm candles give off the same amount. 
 
 A good lamp gives off a cubic foot of carbonic acid 
 gas in two hours, or nearly as much as a man. 
 
 In a crowded theatre, with two or three thousand peo- 
 ple and several hundred gas-burners, the air becomes 
 frightfully bad, and may contain three or four times as 
 much carbonic acid in it, besides the exhalations of the 
 skin, as is compatible with health. The injury done to 
 the persons who inhale this vile mixture is very great, 
 and sometimes indirectly results in death. 
 
 When we are out of doors, and the wind is blowing at 
 the rate of 7 miles per hour, not far from 324,000 cubic 
 feet of air fiow over us hourly. 
 
 Children are greatly injured by being brought up in- 
 doors and in bad air. They lose their appetites, do not 
 grow so large and strong, and never make healthy men 
 and women. 
 
 It is a great misfortune to be obliged to spend most of 
 our time within the house, where the air cannot be kept 
 absolutely pure. 
 
 The most important prescription for the cure of or- 
 dinary nervousness is an ample supply of pure, fresh and 
 cool air. The nerves will always be weak if the greater 
 part of the day and night be passed in close, ill-ventilated 
 and over-heated apartments. The nerves, to be properly 
 nourished, require a full supply of oxygen. They will 
 not endure vitiated air, whether the impurities come from 
 sewers, gaslights, subterranean furnaces, or the individ- 
 ual’s own person, without making an energetic protest. 
 A gas-burner consuming four cubic feet an hour produces 
 
APPENDIX L 
 
 45 
 
 more carbonic acid in a given time than is evolved from 
 the respiration of eight human beings. Bear this in 
 mind, you who suffer from nervousness, that when you 
 have shut yourselves up in your rooms and lighted an 
 argand burner, you are to all intents and purposes im- 
 mured with twenty-three other persons, all taking oxygen 
 from the atmosphere. Is it a wonder that after several 
 hours’ exposure to the depraved air your nerves rebel, as 
 far as their weak state permits, and that your head aches, 
 your hand trembles, and that your daughter’s playing on 
 the piano almost drives you wild ? 
 
 Many object to sitting near a wall because they say 
 there is a draught there ; but generally it is only a one- 
 sided radiation of the heat of the body toward the cold 
 wall. We should be able to distinguish between a 
 draught and radiation. 
 
 A draught is injurious, because it causes a perturba- 
 tion of the heat economy of the body, but chiefly be- 
 cause it disorders the action of those nerves which exist 
 in the form of a net- work around the blood-vessels, and 
 which regulate their diameter, and consequently the flow 
 of blood and the regulation of the heat of the body are 
 changed from normal to abnormal, and a cold results. 
 
 In our public schools the allowance of fresh air per hour 
 for each pupil in winter ranges from 400 to 1,000 cubic 
 feet per hour. It ought to be 3,000 feet per hour. 
 
 Children deprived of a full supply of air at school soon 
 become uneasy, restless, and cease to learn. Their power 
 of attention becomes weakened, their memory is debilitated. 
 They cannot remember their lessons, and make no progress. 
 Give them pure air, and all is changed. Study becomes a 
 delight, and the attainment of knowledge is very rapid. 
 A child will learn more in one hour in a pure air than in 
 six in an impure one. Every thirty minutes during cold 
 
46 
 
 APPENDIX L 
 
 weather a school-room should be thrown open, and the 
 out-of-door air allowed to sweep through it for at least 
 fiye minutes. During this time the pupils may practice 
 light gymnastic exercises or sing songs — the draught will 
 do them no harm when they are exercising vigorously. 
 
 Mothers, who are the queens of our homes, should master 
 the subject of air and ventilation, and put all their acquire- 
 ments into practical use. They should read every new 
 health book that appears before they touch a new novel, 
 cookery book or fashion journal. 
 
 Washington Irving once said, I am convinced that he 
 who devotes two hours each day to vigorous exercises out 
 of doors in the pure air, breathing in deep copious 
 draughts of it with every breath, will eventually gain those 
 two hours, and a couple more into the bargain.” 
 
 A few dollars spent for books, and a few hours of care- 
 ful reading, would educate every man, woman and child 
 as to the use and value of fresh air, the need of ventila- 
 tion and the best method of accomplishing it. It would 
 prove a most profitable investment. 
 
APPENDIX II. 
 
 CLASS 12^ LUKG GYMl^ASTICS. 
 
 Allow me to express the great pleasure the article 
 on ^ Deep Breathing as a Means of Health ^ gave us, and 
 also allow me to explain that on the 27th day of last 
 October assembled what we styled our ^ Breathing Class/ 
 at the Hygiene Home, for the first time. We shall 
 (since reading ^ Deep Breathing ’) style ourselves ^ Class 
 in Lung Gymnastics.^ Please imagine us, then, out on 
 the sunny side of our porch, enveloped in warm wraps, 
 with soapstones at our feet, lying upon stretchers, inhal- 
 ing the life-giving oxygen for hours each day since the 
 above date, thus purifying our blood with the greatest 
 blood purifier — oxygen ! 
 
 It is true, we have had a very few rainy and snowy 
 days, but the porch is broad, and not a morning dawned 
 but that at least a single row of stretchers has been 
 placed close up to the building, and at the ringing of the 
 bell occupants have appeared promptly, and for hours 
 practised lung gymnastics, alternating with short naps, 
 quiet rest, pleasant conversations, and sometimes listen- 
 ing to readings ; and I am assured the physical gain to 
 our patients has surpassed my most sanguine expecta- 
 tions. I have been surprised at the interest they have 
 put into this treatment, not more than at their rapid re- 
 
 47 
 
48 
 
 APPENDIX 11. 
 
 turn to health, strength, better blood, increased depths 
 of chests, and restoration of displaced viscera. At the 
 beginning I noted down measurements. I rejoice that I 
 did so ; otherwise the results would have appeared incred- 
 ible. In the case of a young lady, one of our most 
 earnest and faithful breathers, a dress which she wore 
 with entire comfort before the lung gymnastics, was, on 
 the 24th of December, tried on, and would not meet 
 within three and a half inches, and upon expansion of 
 the lungs to their fullest, she needed six inches more 
 dress. We all knew her cheeks had grown rosy, her eyes 
 bright, and her walking powers increased, but we were 
 not prepared for the realization of what nature could 
 effect for one who obeys implicitly and persistently her 
 benign behests. Hoping others may be induced to try 
 lung gymnastics, I remain. 
 
 Yours for the good of humanity, 
 
 Harriet H. H. Larkik, M.D.’^ 
 
The Scientific American says: “The Herald of Health contains 
 more sensible articles than any other mag^azine that comes to 
 our sanctum." 
 
 Herald of Health 
 
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 articles on 
 
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 ALSO, 
 
 1. Infants Oyer-Handled. 4. Health of Farmers’ Daughters. 
 
 2. Vaccination. 6. Tired and Weak Muscles. 
 
 3. WillMenObey the Rules of Health? 6. Habits of Our Merchants. 
 
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 Over-Worked Women, Winter Comfort, How a Woman Sought and Found 
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 We have published especially for a Premium for our subscribers for 1883 
 an entirely new book, by J. MORTIMER GRANVILLE, one of the wisest 
 and most thoughtful writers in England. It is entitled, 
 
 YOUTH; Its Care and Culture. 
 
 The following titles of Chapters will give you a faint idea of the subjects 
 treated, but it is impossible to convey in this prospectus more tha^ a hint 
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 2. The Eradication of Disease. 6. Girl Womanhood in its Early Stage, 
 
 8. The Threshold of Life. 7. Girl Womanhood in its Later Tears. 
 
 4. Boy Manhood in its Early Stage. 8. Habits. 
 
 To this has been added a paper by that charming English writer Graci: 
 Greenwood, on the PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF A GIRL, and a paper on 
 the DRESS OF GIRLS by a Woman Physician of great distinction. 
 
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 Add 30 cents for premium in all cases. 
 
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A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS 
 
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 “Eating for Strength.” 
 
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 INCLUDING 
 
 THE SCIENCE OF EATING, 
 
 500 Receipts for Wholesome Cookery. 
 
 100 Delicious Drinks. 
 
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 out the slightest circumlocution.”— Ym York Tribune. 
 
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 bigotry. ’ Christian Register. 
 
 “ One man’s mother and another man’s wife send me word that these are the 
 most wholesome and practical receipts they ever saw.” — E. B. Branson. 
 
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 “The part devoted to innocuous and wholesome beverages deserves warm 
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 “ It would, we believe, be nearly a cure for dyspepsia.”— Circular, 
 Mew York. 
 
 “Its author is so immeasurably in advance of American housekeepers in 
 general, that we hope he may be widely and frequently consulted.”— 
 
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 Hygiene of the Brain, 
 
 AND THE 
 
 CURE OF NERVOUSNESS. 
 
 BY M. L. HOLBROOK, M.D. 
 
 X. 
 
 Chapters: — 1. The Brain — 2. The Spinal Cord — 3. The Cranial 
 and Spinal Nerves — 4. The Sympathetic Nervous System — 5. How 
 the Nerves Act — 6. Has Nervous Activity any Limit ? — 7. Nervous 
 Exhaustion — 8. How to Cure Nervousness — 9. The Cure of Ner- 
 vousness {^Continued) — 10. Value of a Large Supply of Food in 
 Nervous Disorders — 11. Fifty Important Questions Answered — 
 12. What our Thinkers and Scientists Say. 
 
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 Contains liCtterg describinf? the Physical and Intellectual Habits of the follow' 
 ing Men and Women, written by Themselves for this Work: 
 
 1. O. B. Frothingham, Physical and Intellectual Habits of— 
 
 2. Francis W. Newman, Physical and Intellectual Habits of — 
 
 3. T. L. Nichols, M.D., On the Physical and Intellectual Habits 
 of Englishmen — 4. Joseph Rodes Buchanan, M.D., Interesting 
 Suggestions on Mental Health — 5. Gerrit Smith, His Physical 
 and Intellectual Habits (Written by his Daughter) — 6. Thomas 
 Wentworth Higginson, His Rules for Physical and Mental 
 Health — 7. Norton S. Townsend, M.D., Mental Hygiene for 
 Farmers — 8. Edward Baltzer, Habits of the German Radical — 
 9. William Lloyd Garrison, Interesting Hints from — 10. A. 
 Bronson Alcott, An Interesting Letter from — 11. S. O. Gleason, 
 M.D., A Plea for Hunting for Over- worked Brains — 12. William 
 E. Dodge, Suggestions from — 13. Henry Hyde Lee, A Business 
 Man's Suggestions — 14. Dio Lewis, M.D., His Advice to his 
 Namesake— '15. Frederick Beecher Perkins, Suggestions for 
 Brainworkers— 16. Judge Samuel A. Foot, His Habits of Study 
 and Work (age 88) — 17. Mark Hopkins, A few Suggestions to 
 Students— 18. William Cullen Bryant, How he Conducted 
 his Physical and Intellectual Life — 19. William Howitt, The 
 English Poet, and his Habits from Boyhood to Old Age — 20. Rev. 
 John Todd, His Workshop as a means of Recreation — 21. Rev. 
 Chas. Cleveland, How he Lived to nearly 100 Years — 22. W, A., 
 M.D., How to Banish Bad Feelings by Force — 23. Sarah J. Hale, 
 A Letter Written when She was 90 — 24. Horace and Mary 
 Mann — Most valuable Hints from — 25. Julia E. Smith, At 88, 
 and How she has Lived— 26. Mary J. Studley, M.D., On Ner- 
 vousness in Schoolgirls — 27. Elizabeth Oaks Smith, On Head- 
 aches— 28. Rebecca B. Gleason, M.D., Her Means of Resting 
 the Brain. The book contains nearly 300 pages, and sells for $1.50 
 
 ADDRESS ALL ORDERS TO 
 
 M, L. HOLBROOK, I 3 and I 5 Laight Street, N. Y. 
 
After residing this Book I eured myself, though 
 several Doctors had failed, 
 
 T. G. CUETIS, U. S. A. 
 
 LIVER COMPLAINT, NERVOUS DYSPEPSIA, 
 AND HEADACHE : 
 
 THEIE OAITSES, PEEVENTION AND CURE. 
 
 Is/L. Xj. XXOI-jIBrXOOK:, 1S/L.TD. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 General View of the Liver — Functions of the Liver — 
 The Bile : Its Qu-antity and Uses — Derangements of the 
 Liver — Torpid Livers — Eolation of the Liver to the 
 Kidneys — Diseases caused, by Uric Acid— Diseases caused 
 by Deranged Liver — Effect of a Deranged Liver on the 
 Nerves — Effects of Disease of the Liver on the Heart — 
 Causes of Liver Complaint — The Home Cure of Diseases 
 of the Liver — Miscellaneous Questions Answered — Influ- 
 ence of Mental Cultivation in Producing Dyspepsia — 
 Notes on Headache. 
 
 In his preface the Author observes : '‘Liver Complaint, Dys- 
 pepsia and Headache, are three children of the Evil One, which 
 have been allowed to propagate till there is no family but suffers 
 from their presence. They are like weeds in a garden, sucking 
 up the nourishment that should go to feed more useful plants. 
 They are like wolves among sheep, carrying off the choicest 
 specimens, only to destroy them. They are like thieves among 
 honest people, robbing them of their earnings, and leaving them 
 in poverty. It is time the trio were attacked, uprooted, and 
 routed. Civilization should not tolerate them any more than it 
 does the wild beasts that would carry off our children. We should 
 fight against them as we do against vermin and contagious diseases. 
 The time has not yet come when it is considered disgraceful to 
 have them, but it is disgraceful and sinful to the educated and 
 cultivated, nevertheless — quite as much so as to be unable to read 
 or write, or speak our own language correctly ; and the time will 
 come when it will be a greater disgrace to have headache, 
 dyspepsia, and liver complaint, than to violate all the rules of 
 grammar in composition and speech.'' Price, $1.00 by mail. 
 
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 M. L. HOLBROGK, 13 and 15 Laight St., New York. 
 
Parturition Without Pain; 
 
 OR, 
 
 A Code of Directions for Avoiding most of the 
 Pains and Dangers of Child-Bearing. 
 
 EDITED BY M. L. HOLBROOK, M.D., 
 
 Editor of The Herald of Health. 
 
 WITH ESSA.V 
 
 64 Tjie Care of Chiedren, *’ 
 
 By Mrs. Clemence S. Lozier, M.D., 
 
 ^ean of the JV'ew- Medical College for yy'omen^ 
 
 OOISTTE^STTS, 
 
 1. Healthfulness of Child-Bearing. 
 
 2. Dangers of Preventions. 
 
 3. Medical Opinions as to escaping Pain, 
 
 4. Preparation for Maternity. 
 
 5. Exercise during Pregnancy. 
 
 6. The Sitz Bath and Bathing generally. 
 
 7. What Food to Eat and what to Avoid. 
 
 8. The Mind during Pregnancy. 
 
 9. The Ailments of Pregnancy and their Remedies. 
 
 10. Female Physicians, Anaesthetics. 
 
 To which are added: 
 
 1. The Husband’s Duty to his Wife. 2. Best Age for Rearing Children. 
 3. Shall Sickly People become Parents ? 4. Small Families. 5. Importance of 
 Physiological Adaptation of Husband and Wife. 6. Celibacy. 7. Effects of 
 Tobacco on Offspring, 8. Latest Discoveries as to the Determining the Sex 
 of Offspring. 9. Father’s m. Mother’s Influence on the Child. 10. Shall 
 Pregnant Women Work? 11. Effects of Intellectual Activity on Number 
 of Offspring. 12. Size of Pelvis, and its Relation to Healthful Parturition, 
 etc., etc. 
 
 WHAT IS SAID ABOUT “PARTURITION WITHOUT PAIN.” 
 
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 mation it contains is most important, and, we are fully convinced, reliable.” 
 
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 book can not be too highly commended as containing indispensable knowl- 
 edge for women.” 
 
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 ment.— 
 
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Aids to Family Government, 
 
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 PROM THE CRADLE TO THE SCHOOL. 
 B7 BEETHA MEYEE. 
 
 TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN BY 
 
 Xa. 3E3:oi^bk,ook:, xa:. id. 
 
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 THE RIGHTS OF CHILDREN, 
 
 AND 
 
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 In it we find the language and culture of a clear mind that 
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 the whole is a striking example of the union of the morally good 
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 the first to assert that virtue could be imparted by culture.'' — 
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 knows how to present with intelligence and skill. She sits by the 
 cradle of the new born and provides with motherly tenderness 
 for its physical welfare, giving the best council regarding its care 
 in order that it may be developed in health and strength." — Vos- 
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FRUIT AND BREA 
 
 A Natural and Scientific Diet. 
 
 By QTJSTJiV 8CSBICKETSEN, 
 
 Translated from the German by M, L. HOLBROOK, M. D., 
 
 Editor of The Herald op Health. 
 
 TO WHICH HAS BEEN ADDED 
 
 A LETTER BY JAMES C. JACKSON, M. D.. 
 
 Giving Ms experience in abstaining from Animal Food. 
 
 This remarkable hook, translated with care, is one of the 
 most interesting productions on the natural food of man yet 
 given to the world. From the standpoint of anthropology , phy- 
 siology, experience ; from history, comparative anatomy, embry- 
 ology ; from an unperverted instinct and morality, our author 
 shows man to be by nature frugivorous, using this word in its 
 broadest sense to include fruits and grains ; and while necessity 
 may have compelled him to resort to flesh rather than to starve, 
 yet this does not change his nature. As an original contribution 
 to the all-absorbing subject of food, it will prove more interesting 
 than any novel, and v/e believe more profitable reading. The 
 benefits of its perusal will be : 
 
 1. To show what is the natural food of man. 
 
 2. To lead him to become a loving child of Nature. 
 
 3. To simplify and beautify his manner of living. 
 
 4. To emancipate women from the drudgery of the kitchen. 
 
 5. To lead to increased use of fruit. 
 
 6. To diminish the use of flesh, and, where possible, to do 
 away with its use altogether. 
 
 7. Gradually to improve the health, and add to the enjoy- 
 ment and value of life. 
 
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Ano tiler G-reat Book! 
 
 The Relations of the Sexes. 
 
 BY MRS. E. B. DUFFEY. 
 
 AUTHOR OP “ WHAT WOMEN SHOULD KNOW,” “NO SEX IN EDUCATION,” ETC. 
 
 DEDICATION. 
 
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 THOSE WHO STILL HOLD IN THEIR HANDS THEIR OWN LIVES, AND THE LIVES 
 OF A FUTURE GENERATION, IN THE HOPE THAT IT MAT SHOW THEM 
 HOW TO PERFORM THEIR DUTIES TO THEMSELVES, TO EACH 
 OTHER, AND TO FUTURITY, WISELY AND WELL, 
 
 LEAVING NO ROOM FOR REGRET OF REPROACH, 
 
 THIS BOOK IS HOPEFULLY AIO) 
 
 • LOVINGLY DEDICATED, 
 
 BY THE AUTHOR. 
 
 COI^TTEIS^'3?S. 
 
 Chapter 1.— Introductory. 
 
 Chapter 2.— Sexual Physiology. 
 
 Chapter 3. — The Legitimate Social Institutions of the World— the Orient. 
 Chapter 4. — The Legitimate Social Institutions of the World '-the Occident 
 Chapter 5.— Polygamy. 
 
 Chapter 6.— Free Love and Its Evils. 
 
 Chapter 7. — Prostitution— its Histoi-y and EvilSc 
 Chapter 8.— Prostitution — its Causes. 
 
 Chapter 9.— Prostitution— its Remedies. 
 
 Chapter 10.— Chastity. 
 
 Chapter 11.— Marriage and its Abuses. 
 
 Chapter 12. — Marriage and its Uses. 
 
 Chapter 13.— The Limitation of Offspring. 
 
 Chapter 14.— Enlightened Parentage. 
 
 This book is written from a woman's standpoint, with great 
 earnestness and power. The author takes the highest moral and 
 scientific ground. The book is bound to have an immense sale. 
 Orders should be sent in at once. Price by Mail, $1.00 
 We want 1,000 active agents to canvass for tbis hook, to whom 
 the best commission will be given. 
 
 U. L. HOLEHOOK, 13 and 15 Laight Street, IT. Y. 
 
SEXUAL PHYSIOLOGY 
 
 A SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR EXPOSITION 
 
 07 THE 
 
 FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS IN SOCIOLOGY 
 
 Ry R. T. TPLALL, M.D 
 
 The great interest now being felt in all subject* relating to Homan Deyel 
 opment, will make the book op interest to evert one. Besides the infoi 
 mation obtained by its perusal, the practical bearing of the various subjocU 
 Created in improving and giving a higher direction and value to human lll« 
 BAN hot be over-estimated. 
 
 This work contains the latest and most important discoverie* in the An 
 atomy and Physiology of the Sexes ; Explains the Origin of Human Life ; How 
 and when Menstruation, Impregnation, and Conception occur ; giving the laws 
 by which the number and sex of offspring are controlled, and valuable infos 
 mation in regard to the begetting and rearing of beautiful and healthy chlldrea, 
 it is high-toned, and should be read by every family. With eighty fine m 
 ^ravings. Agents wanted. 
 
 SYNOPSIS OP TABLE OP CONTENTS. 
 
 Chapter I. — The Male Organs of Generation. 
 
 Chapter n.— The Female Organs of Generatioti. 
 
 Chapter rn.— The Origin of Life. 
 
 Chapter IV.— Sexual Generation. 
 
 Chapter V.— The Physiology of Menstruatiott. 
 
 Chapter VI.— Impregnation. 
 
 Chapter V 11.— Pregnancy. 
 
 Chapter VTII.— Embryology. • 
 
 Chapter IX.— Parturition. 
 
 Chapter X.— Lactation. 
 
 Chapter XI.— The Law of Sex. 
 
 Chapter Xn.— Regulation of the Number of Offspnisg 
 Chapter XIH.— The Theory of Population. 
 
 Chapter XIV.— The Law of Sexual Intercourse. 
 
 Chapter XV.— Hereditary Transmission. 
 
 Chapter XYL— Philosophy of Marriage. 
 
 This work has rapidly passed through ten editions, axd the dssBa&d 1* tm 
 Mastly laereasing. He tadi oompiste and valuable work has ever before beei 
 esued from theT>r6M. Price, by mail, $1.00. 
 
The Better 'Way: 
 
 AN 
 
 APPEAL TO MEN 
 
 In behalf of Human Culture through a Wiser Parentage- 
 
 By A. E. NEWTON. 
 
 “Is there anything better in a State than that both men and women be 
 rendered the very best ? There is not.” — Plato. 
 
 “A good tree cannot bring forth evil fruit, neither can a corrupt tree bring 
 forth good fruit.” — Jesus. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 I.— A Mother’s Plea for a Wiser Motherhood.— Importance of Human 
 Culture— Results of Ignorance and Marriage Prostitution — The Divine Over^ 
 shadowing— Undisturbed Maternity. 
 
 n. — A Few Facts. — How Beauty and Amiability were conferred — How a 
 Tattler and Busybody was made— Timidity transmitted — Slyness and Thieving, 
 how entailed — A Welcome Child— Craft, Treachery, etc. — How Murderers are 
 made. 
 
 III. — The Source of Crime.— Futility of Penal Laws and Capital Punish- 
 ments — Abortions and Attempts at Abortion, and the Results — Who are Respon- 
 sible for the existence of Criminals ?— How they should be Treated. 
 
 IV. — The Key to Other Mysteries. — Origin of Various Traits, Diseases, 
 etc. — The Mother’s Privilege — The Law of Pre-Natal Culture — Startling Possi- 
 bilities— The Father’s Pov? er. 
 
 V. — Duties of Fatherhood.— Personal Preparations — Selection of a Partner 
 — ^Mutual Love— Law of Conjugal Harmony — Favorable Circumstances — Public 
 Recognition— Marriage — A Suitable Home — Freedom — Pecuniary Independence 
 — Attention during the Critical Period — No Intrusion — No Profanation — Support 
 and Education of Offspring. 
 
 VI. — Objections Answered.— 1 . Impracticability.— 2 . Strength of the Sexual 
 Impulse, Necessity, etc. — Better Uses of Procreative Force — ^Value of Conti- 
 nence — What Marriage should Be — Non-Increase of Population — Homes of the 
 Lower Classes Unfit — Revolutionary. 
 
 “ The groans and sighs of women and her progeny have ascended up to heaven 
 long enough. The angels have heard and answered. Through you light is shed 
 on the hitherto dark, mysterious problems of transmitting to offspring the best 
 and happiest possibilities of ourselves, and this light must be given to God’s 
 people without delay. Your book cannot fail to do much good .” — Caroline B. 
 WinsloWi M.B. 
 
 It is earnestly hoped that women will interest themselves in 
 the circulation of this essay. It will be furnished by the dozen 
 and the hundred at reduced rates. It is written in the interests 
 of woman and her children, and cannot fail to do a great deal of 
 good. 
 
 'Brice.— ^aper Covers, 25 cents. Cloth, 50 cents. 12 Copies by 
 Mail, Baper Covers, $2.00. 
 
 M. L. HOLBEGOE. 13 and 15 Laight Street, N. T. 
 
“ Let all persons see to it that the teachers of their children read this work.” — 
 
 Editor Herald of Health. 
 
 THE SCHOOL GARDEN. 
 
 By DR. SCHWAB, 
 
 Director of the Vienna Military Gymnasium^ etc* 
 
 From the German by Mrs. Horace Mann. 
 
 50 cents by mall* 5 copies $2.00. 12 copies $4. 00a 
 
 Within a few years the idea has gradually become a conviction 
 in the minds of many educators, that the rising generation must be 
 educated by labor as well as study. This, however, must not be 
 made a severe task, but a delight. Froebel, with his kindergar- 
 ten, gave this thought a great impulse, and now little children in 
 thousands of kindergartens all over Europe and America are 
 trained in their earliest years by organized play and work ; and 
 under the hands of good kindergarteners these children are as 
 happy as they can be, and learn to use their hands and limbs and 
 mind in a way that prepares them when older to use them profit- 
 ably and joyously in the work of life. 
 
 “ The School Garden '' takes up the same idea and adapts it to 
 older children as they are found in all our public and private 
 schools after they have left the kindergarten. In France, Austria 
 and Sweden it is no longer an experiment. In France, we are 
 told, there are already thousands of schools with gardens attached 
 to them, under the care of a properly qualified teacher. In Vien- 
 na, where Dr. Schwab started the movement, the authorities ap- 
 propriated land and money rather reluctantly for the experiment, 
 and three years later willingly and enthusiastically doubled the 
 land in order that all the children of the city might come under 
 its cheering, refining, ennobling influences. In Sweden every 
 school has its garden, and the unsightly schoolhouses and yards 
 of America would be looked upon there as a disgrace. In Cam- 
 bridge, Mass., the experiment has also been tried, and Mrs. Mann 
 writes that it made the children as happy as they could be, and 
 some of the boys even laid down on the grass lawn they had made 
 and actually hugged and kissed it. Dr. Northrop, one of the liv- 
 ing educators of Connecticut, and many others, are advocating tree- 
 planting by the children of the schools, and thus practically 
 bringing them into contact with Nature and work. Dr. Seguin, 
 one of the foremost of our medical educators, is advocating school 
 gardens with great earnestness. This little book by Dr. Schwab, 
 translated by Mrs. Horace Mann, is intended to awaken an interest 
 in school gardens and make them in America what they have be- 
 come in Europe, a highly prized educational force. 
 
 School gardens in city* and town are destined to be a great edu- 
 cational force in America. This book, full of spirit and enthu- 
 siasm, will materially hasten the day. 
 
 Address all orders to 
 
 M. L. HOLBROOK, Publisher, 13 & IS Laight St., N.Y. 
 
llllSCLE-BMfllG: 
 
 OK 
 
 Active and Passive Home Gymastics, 
 
 FOR 
 
 HEALTHY AND UNHEALTHY PEOPLE. 
 
 BY 
 
 C. KLEMM, 
 
 MANAGER OP THE GYMNASTIC INSTITUTION IN RIGA, 
 
 WITH 10 ILLVSTRATIONS. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Introduction — Historical Keview — Value of Muscle- 
 Beating as aii Indoor Gymnastic — Directions for the 
 Special Use of Muscle-Beating — The Muscle-Beater— 
 Cold Hands and Feet, Morbid Concentrations — ^Excessive 
 Fatness — Muscular Debility — The Weakness of Ad- 
 vanced Years and Infirmities of Old Age — Lameness and 
 Stiff Articulations — Morbid Mental Excitements — Sleep- 
 lessness— ^Incipient Diseases of the Spinal Cord — Par- 
 alysis — Rheumatism — Cold — Gouty Tumors — Neuralgic 
 Headache — ^Vertigo — Loss of Hair— Muscular Curvature 
 of the Spine — Muscle-Beating as a Means of Sustaining 
 the Health — Summary of Directions for the Use of 
 Muscle-Beating. 
 
 30 OoxAtis. 
 
 M. L. HOLBROOK, 
 
 13 Laight St., New York, 
 
THE PHILOSOPHY OF HUMAN BEAUTY i 
 
 Or, Hints Toward Physical Perfection. 
 
 Showing how to Acquire and Eetain Bodily Symmetry, Health, and Vigor, 
 core Long Life, and Avoid the Infirmities and LeiOrmities of Age. 
 
 Bt D. H. JAQUES. 
 
 JLotto.-^TIu idea of Beauty of Pereon is synonymous witA that qf EeaWi 
 md a Perfect Organization. 
 
 LIST OP CHAPTERS, 
 
 I. Stmctnre of the Human Body. 
 H. The Perfect Man and Woman, 
 in. The Temperaments. 
 
 IV. Embryology. 
 
 V. Childhood. 
 
 VI. Moral and Emotional Influences. 
 Vn. Social Conditions and Occupa- 
 tions. 
 
 Vm. Effect? of C;ilmate and Society 
 
 IX. Direct Physical Culture. 
 
 X. Praeticai Hygiene, 
 
 XI. Womanhood. 
 
 Xn. Secret of Longevity. 
 
 Xm. Arts o« Beauty. 
 
 XTV. External Indications of Figure 
 
 This book contains nearly one hundred beautiitu iQustrations, and tb 
 whole is elegantly bound. Price, by mail, $1.00. 
 
 NEW HYGIENIC COOK BOOK 
 
 Bt Mrs. M. M. JONES, M.D 
 
 Tms work contains Recipes for making TJ’’ieaeeiieo Bread, Bisculta jt 
 Wheat, Com, Oat, and Rye Meal, Graham Crackeis, Wueaten Mush, HomL^y, 
 Samp, Indian Meal Mush, Oatmeal Mush, Farina Musn, Rice Mush, Blanc 
 Mange, Molded Farinacea, Wheat and Oatmeal Porridge, every variety of Pie, 
 with the most wholesome and delicious crast, and directions so minute that 
 those who have no acquaintance with Hygienic Oookery will find it easy to 
 carry out the details. Recipes for more than forty kindB of Puddings, an Essay 
 on Fruits and their use as food, with ample direcflons for canning, drying, and 
 cooking, numerous hints on cooking Vegetables, the preparation of dishes from 
 whole grains and seeds, recipes for Graels of Wheat-Meal, Oatmeal, Farina, 
 Tapioca, Sago, Arrowroot, Rice, Green and Split Peas, Bariey Vegetable Broth, 
 Barley Broth, etc., etc. The Recipes for washing and removing stains are thoM 
 which experience has proved to be best, and are wq^ many times the eesl 
 Qi thabook. 
 
 Price, poataae free» 30 
 
VEGETARIANISM 
 
 THE RADICAL CURE FOR INTEMPERANCE, 
 
 By HABBIET JP. FOWLEB. 
 
 CHAPTEK I. 
 
 MEAT CAUSES INTEMPERANCE BY ITS ABSENCE OF 
 CARBONACEOUS PROPERTIES. 
 
 CHAPTEE 11. 
 
 MEAT MAY LEAD TO INTEMPERANCE BY ITS STIMU- 
 LATING EFFECTS UPON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 
 
 CHAPTEE III. 
 
 MEAT PERPETUATES INTEMPERANCE BY ITS STIMU- 
 LATING EFFECTS UPON THE STOMACH. 
 
 CHAPTEE IV. 
 
 TABLES SHOWING THAT OTHER ARTICLES OF FOOD 
 ARE AS NUTRITIOUS AS MEAT, THEREBY RE- 
 MOVING ONE OF THE DRUNKARD’S OB- 
 JECTIONS TO VEGETARIANISM. 
 
 CHAPTEE V. 
 
 CONTINUATION OF TABLES BEGUN IN CHAPTER IV. 
 
 CHAPTEE VI. 
 
 THE DRUNKARD’S SECOND OBJECTION TO VEGETA- 
 RIANISM (THE SUFFERINGS OF THE PALATE) 
 ANSWERED. 
 
 This work has met with a most cordial reception from the 
 press, many papers noticing it at length, and commending it very 
 highly. It aims to place the matter on purely scientific grounds, 
 and no one can read it without being instructed and charmed by 
 the arguments presented. Its price has been placed so low that it 
 may be placed within the reach of all. Many persons are ordering 
 them in quantities to give away. It certainly ought to be placed 
 in the hands of every perspn struggling with the demon alcohol. 
 
 PRICE, 3 0 CENTS BY MAIL. 
 
 M. L. HOLBROOK, 13 & 15 Laight Street, N. Y. 
 
Talks to My Patients ; 
 
 HINTS ON OETTINa WELL AND KEEPINO WELL. 
 
 BY MES. B. B. GLEASON, M.D. 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 Growing Girls— ThQ Development of Womanhood; Overwork and Invalidism; 
 Good Blood Necessary for Good Work ; Precocity Should be Held in Check ; Lost Men- 
 al Power ; Lost Physical Power ; The Moral Force ; Gymnastics for Overworked Stu- 
 dents; Piano-Playing; The Season of Changes; A Note of Warning to Mothers; 
 Religious Nature. Commencement and Duration of the Menses; 
 
 Premature Development ; Girls at Puberty ; Dangers of Ignorance of the Menses ; Over- 
 Exertion Causes Immaturity ; Treatment ; Causes of Derangement. Amenorrhea— 
 Its Peculiarities and its Remedies ; Exercise. Menorrhagia—li's, Character ; Symptoms ; 
 Causes ; Treatment. Dysmenorrhea — Causes and Cure ; Permanent Dysmenorrhea ; 
 Treatment ; A Caution. Prolapsus Uteri-^J.is Peculiarities ; Imaginary Prolapsus ; 
 Supporters, etc.; Causes; Treatment. XewcorrAea— Its Character ; Location of the Dis- 
 ease; Causes; Means of Cure. Indications of ; Stomach Troubles ; “Long- 
 
 ings;” Remedies for Stomach Troubles; Palliative Treatment during the Early 
 Months ; Exercise ; Nervous Susceptibility ; Inheritance ; Discomforts of Advanced 
 Pregnancy ; Care of the Breasts before Confinement. Approaching Confinement— 
 Premonitory Symptoms ; Preparation. General Remarks ; Attention to the 
 
 Infant ; Removal of the After-Birth ; Uterine Hemorrhage. After Delivery— Aitex- 
 Pains ; Diet. Care of the Prcasfs— Abscess ; Care of the Nipples. After Confine- 
 ment— : Hemorrhoids ; Local Inflammation ; Tonic Treatment ; How Long 
 the Patient must Lie in Bed ; Importance of Quiet after Confinement. Bathing of 
 General Directions. Dress of Remarks ; 'Tight Dressing ; Our Fash- 
 
 ion. Wurnwg'— Regularity as to Time of Nursing. Caution to Nursing Mothers. 
 
 General Directions. Feeding of Infants— Wet-Nurses; Found- 
 ling Hospitals; Kinds of Food. Infantine Diseases— Water Treatment; Other Treat- 
 ment. Diseases of Children— ; Affections of the Throat and Chest ; Eruptive 
 Fever ; Diseases of the Skin. Children's Dress— General Directions. Confidential to 
 JfofAers— Remarks ; How to Teach the Young. Intentional Abortion— Re- 
 marks. Accidental Abortion — Preventives ; Care during an Abortion ; Relative Dan- 
 gers of the Two Classes. Habit ; Local Causes ; General Condition. Nervous 
 
 Derangements— Peculiarities; Help Imparted by Another ; Hysteria; Mode of 
 Life. /S'Zsei?— Sleep Physiologically Considered ; Influence of Habit ; Influence of Sleep 
 on the Senses: Dreams; Sleep Affected by Occupation ; Mothers Worn with Night 
 Care ; Growing Children ; Phases of Sleep ; Lack of Sleep a Cause of Mental Derange- 
 ment ; Effects of Night-Work ; Failure of Health from Insufficient Sleep ; Hints to the 
 Sleepless, What Shall We Eat? Causes of Dyspepsia : Treatment. Com 
 
 s<ijt)a«£on— Results of Continued Constipation. Menopause, or Change of Life— 
 Growing Old Gracefully ; Precaution ; Varied Phases of Cessation ; Treatment during 
 Menopause ; Subsequent Discomforts ; Palliative Treatment ; Advancing Years, 
 
 LADY AGENTS WANTED. 
 
 M. L. HOLBROOK, Publisher, 
 
 13 and 15 Laight Street, New-York. 
 Price, by mail, $ 1 .50. 
 
MARRIAGE and PARENTAGE, 
 
 In their Sanitary and Physiological Relations, and 
 in their Bearing on the Producing of Children 
 of Finer Health and Greater Ability. 
 
 By Im. HOLiBROOK^ M.D. 
 
 Printed on Fine Tinted Paper, and Handsomely 
 Bound in Cloth. 
 
 Price {l>y Mail), ^1.00. 
 
 This book, which has been in preparation for several years, is 
 an entirely new departure in the treatment of this subject, and 
 cannot fail to be read with profound interest by thinking people 
 everywhere. The author avoids all expressions which might be 
 considered offensive to good taste, and has produced a work which 
 can be read in the family. He aims to instruct and educate rather 
 than to find fault, and every page is crowded with knowledge 
 which cannot fail to prove useful. It comprises about 200 pages; 
 is printed with clear, handsome type, on fine tinted paper, and is 
 handsomely bound in cloth. 
 
 The following are the titles of the principal chapters of the 
 work : 
 
 1. Introductory, comprising a sketch of the great improvements in the Mar- 
 riage Relations within historic times. 
 
 2. The Duality of the Sexes, and Reasons for Marriage. 
 
 3. The fundamental principles on which True Marriages are based. 
 
 4. The temperamental and educational adaptation of one party to the other. 
 
 5. Health as the most important factor in a Sanitary Marriage. 
 
 6. Physical Culture as an element in Marriage. 
 
 7. Marriage among the ancient Spartans, and its lessons for modem civiliza- 
 tion. 
 
 8. How Science is applied to improving animals and plants, and may be ap- 
 plied to improving the race. 
 
 9. The Mixing of Races and its importance. 
 
 10. The difficulties which are encountered. 
 
 11. Importance of having Children, especially good and healthy ones, and the 
 disadvantages of rearing sickly or bad ones. 
 
 12. Reproduction, its nature and laws (a very instructive chapter). 
 
 13. Why and how parents transmit good and bad qualities to their offspring. 
 
 14. The laws of Sanitary parentage (also an important chapter). 
 
 All Orders sliould be sent to tbe Publisber, 
 
 M. L. HOLBROOK, 
 
 13 and 16 LAICHT STREET, N. Y. 
 
THE DIET CURE; 
 
 THE 
 
 ReiATIOS^S OF FOOD AMD DRIMK TO HEALTH, 
 DISEASE AND CURE. 
 
 By T. L. J^nCKOlliS, M. B., 
 
 Editor of the London Herald of Health, 
 
 The titles of the twenty-four chapters of The Diet Cure are: 
 
 Health. Food. Water. Blood. 
 
 The Natural Food of Man. 
 
 Disease. Prevention and Cure. 
 
 The Question op Quantity. The Question of Quality. 
 Principles op the Diet Cure. 
 
 Medical Opinions on the Diet Cure. 
 
 Of Diet, in Acute, Scrofulous, and Nervous Diseases. 
 
 * The Diet Cure in Obesity. 
 
 Vis Medicatrix Nature. , 
 
 The Diet Cure in Various Diseases. 
 
 The Water Cure. 
 
 Waste of Life. The Life of the Race 
 
 The Population Question. 
 
 Some Practical Illustrations. 
 
 Am and Exercise. 
 
 National Health and Wealth. 
 
 Personal Advice. 
 
 There have been, from Hippocrates to Dr. Gull, many sensible 
 physicians, and some of the best of them are quoted in The Diet 
 Cure, which teaches that pure food makes pure blood, and pure 
 blood builds up a healthy body. 
 
 This book is handsomely printed, bound in cloth, and will be 
 sent by mail for fifty cents. 
 
 M. L. HOLBROOK, Publisher, 
 
 IS & 15 Laight Street, NEW TOMK. 
 
 THE DIETETIC REFORMER 
 
 AND VEGETARIAN MESSENGER. 
 
 An English publication of thirty-two pages, will be furnished 
 for $1.00 a year by 
 
 M. L. HOLBROOK, 13 & 15 Laight Street, Hew York. 
 
MEDICAL AND HYGIENIC HINTS 
 
 ON THE 
 
 PROTECTION ^ MANAGEMENT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 SINGING VOICE. 
 
 By BEJiSriSrOX BBOWISTJE, W. B. C. S. 
 
 Senior Sugeon to the Central Throat and Ear Hosmtal, Surgeon and Aural Surgeon to 
 the Royal Society of Musicians, Surgeon to the Royal Albert Hall Choral Society, 
 Surgeon to Her Majesty’s Italian Opera, etc., etc. 
 
 15th TUOVSANjy, 
 
 TMs excellent book, which has had a great sale in England, 
 is now published here at the low price of 25 cents, and to meet 
 a demand for an intelligent and suggestive treatise on the manage- 
 ment and improvement of the singing voice. The following table 
 of contents will serve to indicate its character : 
 
 Chapter I. Introduction and Theoretical Statement. 
 
 Chapter II. Voice Production — Physiological and Practical. 
 
 Chapter III. Management of the Voice — Hygienic, Dietetic 
 and Medical.* 
 
 OPINIONS OF THE ENGLISH PRESS. 
 
 The hints are so valuable that, to the professional vocalist, they are 
 of the utmost importance, and we consider we are doing" a service to the 
 profession in drawing attention to Mr. Lennox Browne’s work.— LYa. 
 
 It contains the most valuable information concerning the vocal 
 organ, and some admirable hints to vocalists as to its proper training 
 and culture. He gives plain, simple, and commonsense directions of 
 hygiene to those who wish to exercise the voice as a musical instru- 
 ment.— Eifiiaro. 
 
 In a small space it contains a wonderful amount of information on 
 the anatomy and physiology of the vocal organs, conveyed in a simple 
 and unaffected style —Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News. 
 
 This is not a mere technical essay, but will be found of real service 
 by all engaged in the teaching or study of vocal music.— Lloyd's Weekly 
 News. 
 
 Mr. Browne’s treatise is full of valuable information, and its study 
 may be recommended not only to regular students and teachers of sing- 
 ing, but to the numerous clergy and choirmasters who are now trans- 
 forming for the better the old droning and shouting of the services of 
 the church.— Guardian. 
 
 The work is extremely interesting from a social as well as from a 
 medical point of view, and recommends itself to all interested in vocal 
 music.— Morning Post, 
 
 A standard text-book for the people upon the subject of which it 
 treats.— Pififoro. 
 
 We can recommend it emphatically, for there is not a page that does 
 not contain useful guidance to the vocalist. In all matters regarding 
 the production of the voice and its preservation, the author is authority 
 of the most trustworthy Mud.— Era. 
 
 Sent by Mail for 2 5 cents. 
 
 Address M. L. HOLBROOK, 
 
 13 & 15 iMight Street, NJEW TOJCK. 
 
MUSCLE BE^TIIN^a 
 
 AND THE 
 
 MUSCLE BEATER. 
 
 This instrument is a cheap, simple and effective method of adminis- 
 tering* exercise to the body, .either by the hands of the person himself, 
 or by an attendant, in case the one desiring the treatment is unable to 
 make it to his or her own person. The value of the treatment is fully 
 set forth in Klemm’s little work entitled “ Muscle Beating; or. Active 
 and Passive Gymnastics for Healthy and Unhealthy People,” which is 
 furnished for 30 cents. The following are some of the conditions in 
 which the use of the Beater is very excellent: Cold Hands and Feet, 
 Morbid Concentrations— Excessive Fatness— Muscular Debility— The 
 Weakness of Years and Infirmities of Old Age— Lameness and Stiff 
 Articulations — Morbid Mental Excitements — Sleeplessness— Incipient 
 Diseases of the Spinal Cord — Paralysis — Rheumatism — Cold — Gouty 
 Tumors— Neuralgic Headache— Vertigo— Loss of Hair— Muscular Curv- 
 ature of the Spine, etc. 
 
 To this we may add, that for sedentary persons and those who are 
 not able to take active exercise, the Beater produces a most exhilarating 
 effect, starting the circulation in an incredibly short time, so that there 
 is a delightful glow. In those who do not react well after a bath its use 
 is excellent. After one has become weary with a hard day’s work its 
 use for a short time takes away the weariness and leaves in its place a 
 most pleasant effect. Prof. H. E. Richter says: 
 
 “Now we are not to forget what we owe to our own bodies, and 
 when the constitution or bodily health, or the demands of the time, or 
 other concerns do not allow the ordinary use of the gyii_aastic exercise, 
 for the removal of morbid conditions, then we may grasp with confi- 
 dence the Muscle Beater ; because at any time muscle beating will afford 
 a complete means of promoting the blood circulation and nerve cur- 
 rents in the skin and in the muscles, and in this way not only relieve and 
 cure chronic diseases, but also sustain our health and consequently pro- 
 long our life.” 
 
 Price of the Beater, by Mail, Postpaid, $S.OO. 
 
 As a guide to those ordering the Beaters, we commend a most excel- 
 lent book Just published, entitled 
 
 MUSCLE BEATING; 
 
 OR, 
 
 AOTIVE AND PASSIVE HOME GYMNASTICS FOE 
 HEALTHY AND UNHEALTHY PEOPLE. 
 
 By prof C. KLEMM, 
 
 Manager of the Gymnastic Institution of Biga, Bussia, 
 
 Dr. Karell, Physician to His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of Russia, 
 says of this little work : “I agree completely with the principles ex- 
 plained in this work, which are based on the natural sciences.” 
 
 Price of the Book, 30 cents. 
 
 Addrets M. L. HOLBROOK, 
 
 13 & 15 Lai&ht Street, New York. 
 
SUBSCRIPTION BOOKS 
 
 CHASTITY, 
 
 OR 
 
 OXJK. SECRET SINS, 
 
 BY DIO LEWIS, M.D. 
 
 This work treats of the sexual relations in their higher aspects. It is not 
 in any sense, what is popularly understood as a “ doctor’s book.” Yet it is a 
 book for self -culture and self-help. It is designed for the use of those 
 thousands, who, accepting fully the divinely-uttered truth that “ out of the 
 heart are the issues of life,” have set before themselves the noble ideal of 
 “ a pure heart in a chaste body.” For all such, whether married or single, 
 it has a wealth of precept, and, still better, of example; worth more than 
 gold. 
 
 The work is a large, handsome 12mo volume, printed from electrotype 
 plates, made from new, clear type, on heavy, tinted paper, handsomely 
 illustrated, and elegantly and durably bound. It will be furnished to sub- 
 scribers at the following low prices : 
 
 Bound in Extra Fine 1 English Cloth, Black and Gold 
 
 Ornaments, Plain Edges $2.00 
 
 Bound in Extra Fine English Cloth, Black and Gold 
 
 Ornaments, Full Gilt $2.26 
 
 Descriptive circulars mailed on application. 
 
 “The world is borne down to the gates of death and hell by its woful 
 ignorance on the subject of which ‘ Chastity ’ treats ; and he who spealis the 
 truth and enlightens humanity, is not only a hero, but an apostle.”— Mas. 
 E. B. Duffsy, Assistant Editor of Arthur's Home Magazine. 
 
 “ There is nothing in the matter or method of the book to feed passions or 
 wrong desires.”— Elmira Advertiser. 
 
 “It contains invaluable social truths which are little known and less 
 heeded by a selfish and short-sighted world.”— R obert Dale Owen, LL.D. 
 
 “ The thanks of all good men and women who know that God made truth 
 to circulate as coin among His children on the earth are due the widely- 
 known author.” — Rev. Henry A. Wales, Pastor of First Congregational 
 Church, Leominster, Mass. 
 
 “Few books now before the public are calculated to confer greater or 
 more vital benefit upon the rising generation.”— Washington Gazette. 
 
 “ I am glad to own the book, and shall put it into the hands of the young 
 in whom I am interested.”— Georgiana Davis, Secretary of the New England 
 Moral Education Society. 
 
 “ ‘Chastity, or Our Secret Sins,’ is a book which should find a place in 
 every home.” — Rev. Chas. H. Churchill, Prof. Mathematics and Natural 
 Philosophy, Oberlin College, Ohio. 
 
 “ It should be read by every young person, either married or unmarried.” 
 — D. Butterfield, Pres. Harlem Springs College. 
 
 M. L. HOLBROOK, Publisher, 
 
 13 and 15 LAIOHT STREET, NEW YORK. 
 
YOUTH ; 
 
 CULTUIXE. 
 
 An Outline of Principles for Parents and Guardians. 
 
 By J. MORTIMER GRANVILLE. 
 
 WITH AMERICAN NOTES AND ADDITIONS. 
 
 We are beginning to demand a rational training of the young, so a-s to 
 secure for them good health and a harmonious development of body and 
 mind. This book, by a learned and eminent physiologist, is intended to pro- 
 mote in a high degree objects. 
 
 The following are the titles of the Chapters. 
 
 1 . Culture and Improvement. 5. Boy Manhood in Later Tears. 
 
 2. The Eradication of Disease. 6, CiiT Womanhood in its Early Stage. 
 
 S. The Threshold of Life. 7. Girl Womanhood in its Later Yefirs. 
 
 4. Boy Manhood in its Early Stage. 8. Habits. 
 
 To this has been added a paper by that charming English writer, Grace 
 Greenwood, on the PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF A GIBL, and a paper on the 
 DKESS OF GIRLS, by a Woman Physiciam of great distinction. 
 
 The book is beautifully printed, and handsomely bound in cloth. Ite 
 retail price will be $1 per copy. Every subscriber to the HERALD OF 
 HEALTH, who sends 30 cents extra at the time of remitting for 1883, will 
 receive the work by mail free. 
 
 m PRESS. 
 
 DEEP BREATHING 
 
 As a Means of J^romoting the Art of Song^ and of 
 Curing Various Diseases of the Throat and 
 Lungs f especially Sore Throats^ Dron- 
 chitis. Asthma^ Wealc LungSy 
 and Consumption, 
 
 By SOPHIA MARQUISE A. CICCOLINA. 
 
 Translated from the German by E. S. Werner, with an added 
 chapter by M. L. Holbrook, M.D., on the AIR CURE and 
 VENTILATIOK. Price, by mail, 30 Cents. 
 
 f 
 
 Is/L. L. ElIOXjEltOOiBZ, 
 
 13 and 15 Jjaight Street, New YorJc^ 
 
Iew York Hygienic Institote 
 
 # AND 
 
 Turkish Bath Hotel. 
 
 The objects of this institution, which has been in successful oper- 
 ation for more than thirty years, are twofold, viz : 
 
 1, THE TREATMENT AND CUBE OF THE SIGN, BY 
 HYGIENIC AGENCIES ALONE. 
 
 2. TO FURNISH A PLEASANT, GENIAL HOME TO 
 FRIENDS OF HYGIENE THROUGHOUT THE WORLD, 
 WHENEVER THEY VISIT THIS CITY. 
 
 CURE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Thousands of invalids have been successfully treated at this 
 institution during the past thirty years, and its fame extends wher- 
 ever the English language is spoken. Its appliances for the treatment 
 of disease without the use of poisonous drugs comprise the 
 
 Swedish Movement Cure, Turkish Baths, 
 Electricity, Yapor Baths, Machine 
 Yibrations, Lifting Cure, 
 
 HEALTHFUL FOOD, A PLEASANT HOME, ETC., ETC. 
 
 Particular attention is given to the treatment of all the forms of 
 CHRONIC DISEASE, especially of Rheumatism, Gout, Dyspepsia, 
 Constipation, Torpidity of the Liver, Weak Lungs and Incipient 
 Consumption, Poor Circulation, General Debility, Curvature of the 
 Spine, Scrofula, Disease of the Skin, Spermatorrhea, etc. 
 
 We make a specialty of Rheumatism and have treated a large 
 number of cases very successfully by means of the Turkish Bath, 
 which is now acknowledged to be almost a specific for this disease, 
 by physicians. Malarial diseases are also treated with equal success. 
 Persons from Malarial regions of the West almost invariably recover 
 rapidly. So also do persons exhausted from overwork, or other 
 causes. In many cases we have restored those broken down from the 
 use of tobacco and broken up the habit. We will gladly correspond 
 with any desiring treatment, giving full particulars. 
 
THE TURKISH BATH. 
 
 ** This is the grandest matter of modern t\,mes. 
 
 -^Walter Savage Landob, 
 
 Our Tarkish Bath, which was the first in New York, and one of the 
 largest and best in America, we added to our institution fifteen years ago, 
 at an expense of over ten thousand dollars. Since that time we have 
 given over Three Hundred Thousand Baths, with such beneficial results 
 that we have not the slightest hesitation in affirming that the Turkish 
 Bath is one of the greatest remedial as well as Hygienic agents known 
 to man. 
 
 What are the essentia! features of the Ti-rklsh Bath? 
 
 1. Bathing the entire body in heated air until perspiration is induced 
 over the whole surface of the body. 
 
 2. The process of shampooing, which, loosens up the effete matter and 
 scarf skin, promotes the circulation of blood in the muscles, skin, and 
 adjacent tissues, and soothes the nervous system. 
 
 3. The cleansing of the skin and reduction of the temperature of the 
 body to the natural standard by the use of water, either by the spray, 
 douche, shower, or plunge. 
 
 4. The drying and airing process, which prepares the bather for the 
 
 outer world” again. The different processes are varied to suit par- 
 ticular cases. 
 
 What are the effects of the Bath ? 
 
 1. To cleanse and promote the healthful action ot the skin, and the 
 seven million little perspiratory sewers or pores, which open upon its 
 surface and carry off waste and effete matters from tne ^ystem. 
 
 2. To purify the blood, hy drawing off its impurities through the 
 perspiration, and hy increasing the activity of the liver and kidneys. 
 
 3. To equalize the circulation of the blood throughout the system ; 
 thus removing all local congestion of the head or mieriial organs. 
 
 4. To soothe and tranquilize the nervous system, and give Gloamess 
 of mind as well as bealthfulness of body. Rightly administered, it pro- 
 duces the above results as no other hath can do 
 
 What are the special uses of the Bath? 
 
 To secure perfect cleanliness, to preserve the heai'fh and prevent die- 
 ease, and to cure the sick. 
 
Hie Queen af Baths.— Ltwis^ if. 2>., Boitouy Meat, 
 
 Turkish Baths purify and invigorate.— i?. Warhy if. />,, Saratoga Springt. 
 
 Unsurpassed, as combining luxury and utility.— JB. M. Lacket/y M. D.y ChieagOy lU. 
 
 I recommend the baths as a healthy exercise.— TT. E, Anthony, if. 2>., PraMtnet 
 R I. 
 
 As a curative and pleasant process, I can heartily recommend the Turkish Bath.— 
 /. E, Brown, M. D., Philadelphia. 
 
 I consider the Turkish Bath as especially beneficial in catarrhal affections, and urge 
 it a trial.— iJ. N. CoU, Jr., if. J)., Williamthurghy L. 1. 
 
 The Turks have always considered the public baths of Owstantinople as supplying 
 the place of a certain number of hospitals, which would otherwise have to be built.— 
 Dr. Haughton. 
 
 The Turkish Bath can not be too highly commended. It is a great purifier and ac- 
 celerator of the circulation. It is good for almost “ all the ills that flesh is heir to.”— 
 Levi Grimshaw, M. D., New York. 
 
 The use of the Turkish Bath renders the complexion more delicate and brilliant — the 
 eye becomes clearer and better — ^the whole person is rendered fragrant, and all personal 
 charms are enhanced. — Dr. Barter. 
 
 Phthisis is a disease in which debility is a marked symptom, yet patients submitted 
 to the bath increased in strength and flesh. This convinces me that the bath is likely 
 to prove the best treatment for consumption yet applied.— 2>r. Learned. 
 
 After a day of labor and care, which had quite exhausted me, I have just taken one 
 of the Turkish Baths, and come out feeling completely rested as when I arose from my 
 bed in the morning— in short, as good as new.— X. H. 1 honnaSy M. D., Water bury, Yl. 
 
 The only sure cure for a cold is the Turkish Bath. It opens the pores and starts the 
 system afresh into working order. I cheerfully recommend it, even to persons in good 
 health, as the best means to keep the healthiest secretions. — Dr. D. F. Clintony New 
 York. 
 
 I entered the Turkish Bath with a severe bronchitis. I could, with great exertion, 
 barely whisper. After passing through the excellent system, it surprised me to find 
 my chest relieved from all constriction, my voice nearly restored. For an acute case of 
 bronchitis, I am happy to say I believe there is no better treatment. — Francis Green, 
 M. D.y New York. 
 
 I concur in the foregoing testimony as to the intrinsic merit, as a remedial agent, of 
 the Turkish Bath, and to the very complete way in which it is given at Nos. 13 and 15 
 Laight Street, New t have taken the same form of bath in Germany and Eng- 
 land, and nowhere iore satisfactorily administered.— Pr<)/\ Mufus King 
 
 Browney M. D.y New York. 
 
 All unfavorable influences of climate and national habits combine to suggest the 
 more extended use of the Turkish Bath as a national need ; and surely, if slowly, will 
 their hygienic, their soothing, their invigorating influences, commend themselves to oui 
 over-worked, harrassed, and sedentary population. That these baths facilitate diges- 
 tion WU3 known of old, and the manner in which they were used for the relief of goiv 
 mandiaers has been made one of the topics of Juvenal’s satire. For the relief of rheu- 
 oiatio pains, and as a prophylaxis of rheumatism, there can be no question as to then 
 value. They are better worth than drugs a^ ointments for many cutaneous ( 
 
 Gtorgt T. Eltiot, M. D., ^ 
 
 
 !V 7 
 
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