[ARTICLE 2.—EXTRACTED FROM THE BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION FOR 1892. Pages 51-56.] DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SUCKER, PANTOSTEUS JORDANI, FROM THE UPPER MISSOURI BASIN. BY BARTON W. EVERMANN, F»1t. D., ASSISTANT, U. S. FISH COMMISSION. [Date of publication, January 27, 1893.] WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1 89 3. 511 Ey a.*- I f 2-DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SUCKER, PANTOSTEUS JORDANI, FROM THE UPPER MISSOURI BASIN. BY BARTON W. EVERMANN, PH. D., Assistant, U. S. Fish Commission. In the following paper is given a description of a new species of sucker, Pantos¬ teus jordani, together with a discussion of the distribution of the various species of the genus Pantosteus , it being thought advisable to publish this in advance of the completion of a report upon investigations in the Black Hills region upon which I am now engaged, and of which this is to be regarded as forming a part. PANTOSTEUS JORDANI sp. nov. Pantosteus virescens, Jordan, Bull. 4, vol. iv, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1878, 780 (Sweet Grass Hills, Montana). Catostomus discobolus, Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. 1891, pi. xvm, fig. 1, 41 (Red Rock River, Red Rock, Mont., and Beaverhead River, Dillon, Mont.). Head, 4^ to 5£; depth, 4Jto5; eye, 4.J to 5; snout, 2 to2^; interorbital width, 2|; D. i, 10; A. i, 7; scales, about 16-96-14, 48 before the dorsal. Body rather stout, subterete, back gently and regularly arched from snout to ori¬ gin of dorsal, thence nearly straight to base of caudal; head small, short, and conic, interorbital space broad and but little convex; snout long, about half length of head; mouth large, broad; lower lip broad, very little incised, covered with tubercles of moderate size; upper lip also broad, extending well down on sides of mouth, tubercles in about 3 or 4 rows; cartilaginous sheath of lower lip well developed; caud al peduncle stout, not much compressed; scales small and much crowded anteriorly, lateral line straight and near axis of body; dorsal small, its height 14 in head and a little greater than base of fin, its origin considerably nearer snout than base of caudal; pectorals long, about equal to length of head, reaching more than half way to the ventrals; ventrals short, not reaching vent; anal about 4 longer than pectorals, reaching base of caudal; fbntanelle reduced to a very narrow slit, practically obliterated in the older individuals; peritoneum very black; air-bladder small, the posterior part long and very slender. Color, dark-greenish above, scales covered very closely down to the paired fins with innumerable fine dark or greenish specks, most numerous on back; under parts pale; in life, or immediately upon putting in alcohol, some specimens were observed to have a broad orange band along the side, this probably being a marking present dur¬ ing the breeding season. Young specimens 2 to 3 inches long are frequently mottled very much like the young of Catostomus teres and C. nigricans . \ 51 52 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. This interesting species is based upon the following material: u. s. Nat. Mus. No. No. of speci¬ mens. Locality. Date. Collector. i 439G3 13 Red Rock River. Reft Rock, Montana. July 27,189- 1 B. Cl apt am. 439(34 13 Beaverhead River. Dillon, Montana. July 27.1891 Evermaur. & Jenkins. 185 Wliitewood Creek. Deadwood, South Dakota. Oct. 6. 1892 B. W. Evermann. 45 Spearttsli Creek. Spearfish. South Dakota. Oct. 7,1892 Do. 3 Chicken Creek, near Spearfish, South Dakota. Oct. 8, 1892 Do. 5 Crow Creek. Gammon's Ranch, near Spearfish, South Dakota. Oct. 8,1892 Do. 3 Belle Fourche River, Belle Fourclie, South Dakota. Oct. 11,1892 Do. 13 Rapid Creek, Rapid, South Dakota. Oot. 15.1892 Do. 2 Hat Creek, Ardmore, South Dakota. Oct. 21,1892 Do. In the report upon the explorations in Montana and Wyoming by Dr. O. P. Jenkins and myself, I hesitated to regard the specimens which we collected at Red Rock and Dillon as being new, and identified them as Gatostomus discobolus Cope. The narrow fontauelle and the cartilaginous sheath of the lower lip, together with the uncertainty as to the exact locality from which Prof. Cope’s types came, seemed to favor this identification. Upon the suggestion of Dr. Jordan that the types of G. discobolus were probably the young of C. latipinnis and that my specimens were prob¬ ably an undescribed species, I was induced to make a reexamination of the question. This was particularly desirable in view of the fact that so much additional material had resulted from my recent explorations in the Black Hills. Prof. Cope’s types of Gatostomu-i discobolus consisted of “two specimens, one certainly, the other probably, from the Green River, Wyoming,”* and can not now be found, but there are twelve specimens from the Colorado Basin in the National Muse¬ um under the name C. discobolus, presumably identified as such by Prof. Cope. These are quite certainly young specimens of Pantosteus delphinus, and I am inclined to the belief that the types of G. discobolus were also the young of this species rather than the young of C. latipinnis. Should this be the case, the species would stand as Pan¬ tosteus discobolus (Cope), discobolus having priority over delphinus. While this question can not be definitely determined, Prof. Cope’s description of G. discobolus applying equally well to G. latipinnis and P. delphinus , the probabilities are strongly in favor of this view, and I therefore adopt the name discobolus instead of delphinus for the Pantosteus of the Colorado River. As remarked elsewhere in this paper, all the other specimens in the Museum which have been called G. discobolus (and which are from Lapwai Creek, Idaho), are undoubt¬ edly young specimens of G. catostomus. An examination of the air bladder in several species of suckers shows marked differences. In all species of Pantosteus examined (P. generosus, plebeius , discobolus and jordani) the air bladder is quite small, the first (anterior) compartment being quite short, while the second is very long and slender, usually to 3 times the length of the first. In one specimen of P. discobolus the air bladder was large, but this specimen had been previously cut open and examined by some one; the air bladder was detached, and may possibly belong to another fish. *Hayilen’8 Geological Survey of Wyoming, 4th Annual Report, 1870, 435. PANTOSTEUS JORDANI. 53 In all species of Gatostomus examined ( G . latipinnis , catostomus , ardens, and gri- sens), the air bladder is large, very much larger than in any Pantosteus and very differ¬ ent in appearance except in G. latipinnis , in which the air bladder greatly resembles that of Pantosteus. Pantosteus jordani is rather intermediate in its structure between Pantosteus and Gatostomus , but, on the whole, its characters indicate a closer relationship with the species of the former genus, in which it should be placed if Pantosteus and Gatosto¬ mus are to be regarded as generically distinct, the propriety of which is doubtful. The high development of the cartilaginous sheath is a character possessed by all the species of Pantosteus and is not found among the species of Gatostomus , except in G. catostomus , where it is more pronounced than in any other species of that genus. The entire obliteration of the fontauelle, even in the most typical species of Pan¬ tosteus , is a question of age, the fontanelle being more or less evident as a very narrow slit in the young of all the species of which the young are known. Pantosteus jordani is, on the one hand, most closely related to Pantosteus virescens Cope and P. discobolus (Cope), while on the other it resembles G. catostomus (Forst.). It is the most abundant and most generally distributed species of the family in the streams flowing from the Black Hills, and frequents the clear, colder, and swifter parts of the streams. With the exception of Hat Creek, all the streams in which it has been found are clear and cold. We did not find it at all in the South Fork of the Cheyenne nor in the Loup or Beaver Creek at Ravenna. It is apparently a fish of small size which delights in the upper reaches and colder, clearer portions of the smaller mountain streams of the Upper Missouri basin. I name this interesting species for my teacher and friend, President David Starr Jordan, of Leland Stanford Junior University. Pantosteus jordani sp. nov. Jordan's Sucker. About four-fiftlis natural size. In connection with my study of this species I was led to an examination of all the specimens of Pantosteus and the related species of Gatostomus to be found among the collections now in the U. S. National Museum. Dr. Jordan, in his Catalogue of Fishes of North America, published in 1885, recognized but three species of Pantosteus , viz, plebeius , generosus, and guzmaniensis , and expressed the opinion that Minomus bard us and M. delphinus of Cope should be considered identical with P. plebeius , and further, that P. virescens Cope is the same as Acomus guzmaniensis Girard. 54 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. The collections made in 1880 in Colorado and Utah by Dr. Jordan and myself contain numerous specimens of Pantosteus from the Rio Grande, Colorado, and Utah basins, the study of which led Dr. Jordan to admit the three species, P. plebeius , generosus , and delphinus . He at this time regarded Acomus guzmaniensis as identical with P. plebeius, and P. virescens as being probably the same as P. delpliinus. These collections of 1889 suggested the strong probability of the limited distribution of each species of this genus, and that each is likely confined to a single hydrographic basin. My examination of the types of all the nominal species now to be found, and the comparison with them of all the other material obtainable, confirm this view. I can see no differences of any value among the specimens from the different places in the Rio Grande basin, and must regard them all as being identical with Baird and Girard’s Catostomusplebeius, the types of which came from the Rio Mimbres, a tribu¬ tary of Lake Guzman, which is in the Rio Grande basin. All the specimens from the Colorado basin are easily referable to P. delpliinus (Cope), while all those from the Utah basin are with equal certainty P. generosus (Girard). The only specimen from the Arkansas basin is the type of Cope’s P. virescens, which is said to have been taken in the Arkansas River at Pueblo, Colo. This specimen is about 14 inches in total length, and is in good condition. It is most closely related to P. discobolus , and, like that species, has a slender caudal peduncle and very small scales, which I count as 17-103-10, and 45 before the dorsal. I am not sure that this is really distinct from P. discobolus , and doubt if the specimen came from the Arkansas River. The synonymy of the species of Pantosteus should stand as follows: PANTOSTEUS PLEBEIUS (B. & G.). Catostomus plebeius B. & G., Proo. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila. 1854, 28 (Rio Mimbres, tributary of Lake Guzman, Chihuahua); Agassiz, Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts, 2d scries, xix, 208, 1855. Minomus plebeius, Grd., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1856, 173 (Rio Mimbres, Chihuahua); ibid., U. S. aud Mex. Bound. Survey, 1858, 38, pi. xxm, figs. 6-10 (Rio Mimbres, Chihuahua). Catostomus plebeius, Gunther, Cat. Fishes, vn, 15, 1868 (Rio Mimbres). Pantosteus plebeius, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 122, 1883 (Lake Guzman); Jordan, Bull. U. S. F. C., ix, for 1889 (1891), 19 (Rio Conejos, Colo., and Rio Grande at Del Norte and Alamosa, Colo.). Catostomus ( Acomus ) guzmaniensis Grd., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1856, 173 (Janos River, tributary of Lake Guzman, Chihuahua). Acomus guzmaniensis Grd., U. S. and Mex. Bound. Survey, 1858, 39, pi. xxm, figs. 6-10 (Janos River, Chihuahua). Catostomus guzmaniensis, Gunther, Cat. Fishes, vn, 15,1868 (Janos River, Chihuahua). Pantosteus jarrovii, Cope and Yarrow, Zoology Wheeler Survey, V, 674, pi. xxix, figs. 2 and 2a, 1875, only in part (San Ildefonso and Taos, New Mexico). Habitat: Rio Grande Basin. PANTOSTEUS VIRESCENS (Cope). Pantosteus virescens Cope, Zool. Wheeler Survey, 1875, 675 (ArkansasRiver, Pueblo, Colo.); ibid., Jor¬ dan & Copeland, Check List, 1876, 156; ibid., Jordan, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., iv, 416, 1878 (Arkansas River). Habitat: Arkansas River. PANTOSTEUS JORDANI. 55 PANTOSTEUS GENEROSUS (Grd.). ^ Catostomus (Acomns) generosus Grd., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1856,171 (Cottonwood Creek, Utah). ^ Acomnsgenerosus Grd., P. R. R. Survey, 1858, 221 (Cottonwood Creek, Utah). Catostomus f generosus, Cope, Plagopterinse and Ichtliyol. of Utah, 1871, 7 (Provo, Utah) ; ibid., Jordan y and Copeland, Check List, 1876,156. Panto8teu8 generosus, Jordan, Bull, xii, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1878, 183 (Great Basin of Utah); ibid., Jordan and Gilbert, Synopsis, 1883, 123 (only in part); ibid., Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. A., 1885, 17; ibid., Bull, ix, U. S. Fish Com. for 1889 (i891). 31 and 35 (Jordan River, Sevier River, and Utah Lake). Minornusplatgrhynchus Cope, Proc. Am. Philo. Soc. Phila. 1871, 131 (Provo, Utah); ibid., Plagopterimc and Ichtliyol. of Utah, 1874, 6.(Provo, Utah). Pantosteusplatyrhynchus, Cope & Yarrow, Zool. Wheeler Survey, 1875, 673, pi. xxix, figs. 3 and 3a (Provo River, Utah); ibid., Jordan & Copeland, Check List, 156, 1876; ibid., Bull, xii, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1878, 183 (Utah Lake and tributaries); ibid., Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 1883, 123 (Utah Lake). Minornus jcirrovii Cope, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. Phila. 1871, v, 129-139 (Provo, Utah). Panto8teu8 jarrovii, Jordan & Copeland, Cheek List, 1876, 156. Catosiomu8 guzmaniense, Cope & Yarrow, Zool. Wheeler Survey, 1875, 679 (Utah Lake). Habitat: Great Salt Lake Basin. PANTOSTEUS DISCOBOLUS (Cope). Catostomus discobolus Cope, Hayden’s Geol. Survey of Wyo., 1870, 135 (two specimens, one certainly, the other probably, from Green River, Wyoming). Minornus delphinus Cope, Hayden’s Geol. Survey of Wyo., 1870, 435 (probably from Green River). Pantostcus dolphinus, Jordan & Copeland, Check List, 1876, 156 (misprint for delphinus). Pantosleus delphinus, Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 1883, 122 (probably from Green River); ibid., Jordan, Bull, ix, U. S. Fish Comm, for 1889 (1891), 27 (Eagle River, Gypsum, Colo.; Gunnison and Uncompahgre rivers, Delta, Colo.; Rio de las Animas and Rio Florida, Durango, Colo.). f Minornus bardus Cope, Hayden’s Geol. Survey of Wyo., 1870, 436 (probably Green River). Pantosteus jarrovii, Cope & Yarrow, Zool. Wheeler Survey, 1875, 674, in part only (Zuni River, N. M., and Tierra Amarilla, N. M. The figures, pi. xxix, 2 and 2a, are P. plebeius). Catostomus discobolus Cope, Proc. Am. Philo. Soc. Phila. 1874, 138; ibid., Plagopterime and Ichtliyol. of Utah, 1874,10 (“ Zuni River, Arizona;” “Arizona”); ibid., Cope & Yarrow, Zool. Wheeler Survey, 1875, 677 (Zuni River, N. M.; “Arizona”). Habitat: Basin of the Colorado River. In the appended table is given a list of all the specimens of Pantostcus that can now be found in the IJ. S. National Museum, together with my identification of each. All the specimens which have been called P. jarrovii that I have been able to find are apparently from the Rio Grande and Utah basins, those from the former being P. plebeius and those from the latter P. generosus. Those reported by Cope and Yarrow from the Zuni river, New Mexico, can not be found, but were most likely P. discobolus , which is known to occur there. There are seven bottles of suckers in the Museum, labeled Catostomus discobolus. Three of these lots are from the Colorado Basin and are almost certainly young spec¬ imens of P. discobolus. They have been regarded by Dr. Jordan as the young of Catostomus latipinnis ; but I find, upon comparing them with small specimens of lati¬ pinnis from the Uncompahgre and Sevier rivers, that the foutanelle is more nearly obliterated, the lower lip is broader and less deeply incised, and the cartilaginous sheath much more developed than in latipinnis Furthermore, they are not distin¬ guishable by me from specimens of what has been called P. delphinus of the same size 56 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. from the Uncompaligre River. The cartilaginous sheath is quite as well developed, the scales are equally small, and the fontauelle is as imperfect. All the other specimens in the Museum labeled Catostomus discobolus were col¬ lected by Gapt. Bendire, in Lapwai Creek, Idaho, which is in the Snake River Basin, and are undoubtedly the young of Catostomus catostomus. The specimens collected at Amarilla, 1ST. Mex., by Dr. Y arrow have the caudal peduncle a little deeper than in other specimens of discobolus with which I have com¬ pared them, but they are certainly not generosus; they may possibly be plebeius , but are most likely discobolus. According to this view, Prof. Cope’s types of P.jarrovii from the Rio Grande are plebeius, those from the Utah basin are generosus, and those (if any) from the Colo¬ rado basin are discobolus. All these specimens are small and some of them, partic¬ ularly those said to be from Zufii, are in such poor condition as to render certain identification impossible. It is x>ossible that the locality labels have been confused. In P. discobolus the lower lip is somewhat broader and the tubercles smaller than in plebeius and generosus. It bears a close external resemblance to C. latipinnis , especially in the general shape of the body, the slender caudal peduncle, and the small, subequal scales, but the eye is smaller. List of specimens of Pantosteus now found in U. S. National Museum. Nat. Mus. No. No. of speci¬ mens. 20913 16 16758 1 15763 4 168 1 168 5 27080 30 18008 5 18009 9 18011 35 5910 (3029) > 41645) (3047)1 41659S 1 13 13 15783 4 12914 4 15791 4 12906 3 15802 1 30807 1 30807 1 260 2 256 3 F.C. ) (3006)> 41624) (3027)1 41631S 25 5 (3020)> 41627) 15 When col- 1873 1874 1872 1851 1851 1874 1874 1874 1874 1889 1880 1873 1873 1873 1872 1873 1881 1881 1854 1854 1889 1889 1889 Collector. Dr. H. C. Yarrow_ C. E. Aiken. Yarrow & Hen aha w J.H. Clark. .do. Dr. H. C. Yarrow_ Cope & Shedd. Dr. H. C. Yarrow- .do. Lieut. Beale. Jordan & Evermann .do. H. W. Hensliaw. Dr. C. G. Newberry. .ao . Yarrow & Hensliaw H. W. Hensliaw. P. Madsen. Jordan & Madsen... Dr. C. B. Kennerly_ Lieut. E. P. Beckwith. Jordau & Evermann. -do -do Locality. “Amarilla, N. Mex Arkansas River, Pu¬ eblo, Colo. Provo, Utah. Rio Mimbres, Lake Guzman, Chihuahua. Rio Mimbres, Lake Guzman. “Rio Grande, II de Fonso.” Nutrias, Colo. ‘New Mexico’’. _do. Ojo de Gallo, N. Mex.. S’Rio Grande, Alamosa, } Colo. 5 Rio Conejos, Alamosa, } Colo. Zuni, N. Mex. “Arizona”. .do. Provo, Utah .. Zuni, N. Mex. (Local¬ ity probably wrong.) Utah Lake. Uta h Lake, Provo, Utah. Rio Janos, Lake Guz¬ man, Chihuahua. Cottonwood Creek, Utah. Provo, Utah SUncompahgre River, ( Delta, Colo. Jordan River, Utah... Name under which entered in National Museum. Pantosteus generosus, part of the types of P.jarrovii. Pantosteus guzmaniensis, type of P. virescens. Pantosteus generosus, types of P. platyrhynchus. Pantosteus plelieius (type of Catostomus plebeius). Pantosteus plebeius, types.. Pantosteus generosus, part of types of P. jarrovii. Pantosteus generosus, part of types of P. jarrovii. (?) Pantosteus generosus, part of types of P. jarrovii. .do. Pantosteus generosus. ^Pantosteus plebeius. I .do. Catostomus discobolus. .do.. ..do. Pantosteus generosus, part of the types of P.jarrovii. .do... Pantosteus generosus... .do. Pantosteus guzmaniei (type of Acomus guzni iensis). Pantosteus generosus (t, of Acomus generosus) Pantosteus generosus... | Pantosteus delphinus. Pantosteus generosus. Identification. Pantosteus discobolus. Pantosteus virescens. Pantosteus generosus. Pantosteus plebeius. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Pantosteus discobolus. Do. Do. Pantosteus generosus. Do. Do. Do. Pantosteus plebeius. Pantosteus generosus. Do. Pantosteus discobolus. Pantosteus generosus. Washington, January 25, 1893.