I/I E> R.ARY 
 
 OF THE 
 U N I VLRSITY 
 
 or ILLINOIS
 
 Return this book on or before the 
 Latest Date stamped below. 
 
 University of Illinois Library 
 
 NOU -21355 
 
 MflY 1 
 
 \ 
 
 EB19 
 
 1. 161 1141
 
 Quarter Centennial 
 
 ANNIVERSARY 
 SOUVEfeliR.i- 
 
 ;.W 515 1931 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 
 
 Southern Illinois State 
 Normal University. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE 
 
 ALUMNI ASSOCIATION 
 
 CARBON DALE FREE PRESS, 
 1899.
 
 To the Memory of Dr. Robert Allyn, 
 
 Who, for eighteen years was President of tJie Southern 
 Illinois State Normal University, and whose noble life 
 and untiring labors so largely established the character of 
 our school and left so lasting an impress upon its students, 
 
 We, the. Alumni, Dedicate this Volume. 
 
 We honored and revered him in life; we mingled our 
 tears at his death; and as tJie years go by the sacredness 
 in which his memory is held shall ever increase.
 
 ROBERT ALLYN.
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
 
 
 Contents, 
 
 1. The S. I. N. U. from its Founding to the Fire. 5 
 
 Dr. /). B. Parkinson. 
 
 2. Burning of the Normal 17 
 
 AVr'. F. M. Alexander. 
 
 3. The Fire of '83 20 
 
 Prof. Jas. H. Brownlcc. 
 
 Elegy on the Old Southern Normal 26 
 
 Mrs. Carrie L. Mount. 
 
 History of S. I. N. U. Since 1883 29 
 
 Miss Martha Buck. 
 
 Our Trustees Past and Present 40 
 
 Prof. (ico. H. French. 
 
 7. The Influence of the S. I. S. N. U 48 
 
 Prof. H. IV. Shryock. 
 
 X. Our Presidents- 
 Robert Allyn, LL D. . .Mrs. C. ]V. Parkinson 54 
 
 John Hull, A. M Dr. C. M. Galbraith 63 
 
 H.W. Everest, A.M., LL 1) . Prof. G. W. Smith 66 
 
 L). B. Parkinson, Ph. 1). . .Miss Helen Bryden 70 
 
 ^ 9. Zetetic Literary Society 75 
 
 .I//V.V Marv Buchanan. 
 
 I O84944
 
 io. Socratic Literary Society 81 
 
 Hon. W. H. Warder. 
 
 ii.. Lite's Awakening ( anniversary poem ) 87 
 
 Rev. F. Al '. Alexander. 
 
 12. ( )ur Alumni Dead 90 
 
 Miss Mary Wright. 
 
 i 3. Twenty-Fifth Anniversary ( proceedings ) 99 
 
 Prof. G. H. French. 
 
 14. Faculty Past and Present- 
 Past. . Dr. Parkinson, Prof. Alvis, Miss Buck 148 
 Military Department. . . .Dr. D. B. Parkinson 157 
 Present Prof. C. E. Allen \ 58 
 
 i 5 . Sketches of Alumni ( compiled ) 165
 
 Preface. 
 
 The Alumni Association at their last annual meeting, 
 
 O 
 
 June 16, 1898, discussed several propositions, which, 
 when once put in operation, will materially effect the 
 iuture history of the S. I. N. U. The three propositions 
 of most importance were : That provisions be made for 
 a permanent summer term. Second, that at least one 
 member of the Board of Trustees shall be an alumnus. 
 Third, that we publish a souvenir volumn setting forth 
 the sailent features in the history of the school. 
 
 The Faculty and Board of Trustees promptly took up 
 the summer term proposition, and a successful beginning- 
 was made in the same summer of '98, and the prospects 
 for '99 give evidence oi the demand for it's" permanent 
 establishment. Owing, however, to the lack of the Gen- 
 eral Assembly to supply the necessary funds for this pur- 
 pose the future of the summer term is somewhat proble- 
 matical. 
 
 No united effort has yet been made to secure repre- 
 sentation on the Board of Trustees, and perhaps nothing 
 can be done until our wishes are more earnestly and 
 unitedly urged upon those who have the appointing 
 power. 
 
 It is the regret of the Publication Committee that the 
 advice and suggestions from a greater number of the As- 
 sociation could not be obtained in our efforts to carry out 
 the third wish of the Alumni. Many perplexing ques- 
 tions might have been easily disposed of which have 
 caused delay and hesitation. Such questions as what
 
 shall be the essential features of the book, and how shall 
 the expenses of the book be met? Compelled, under the 
 circumstances, to act without the council of all the mem- 
 bers we have made an earnest effort to select such 
 material as will be of permanent interest, both to the 
 Association and the school. 
 
 Perhaps, at no other time in the history of the school 
 has there been a more urgent need for a complete 
 record of all the 'early facts connected with the founding", 
 early struggles and growth of this institution. In the lapse 
 of a quarter of a century many of the original actors who 
 have hitherto supplied the early historic facts have passed 
 away, and in a few years all data from eye witnesses will 
 be unattainable. For this reason much space has been given 
 to the historic phase, and especially, that it shall be 
 written by those whose lives are a part of what they write. 
 Another object of the Committee is to answer the insinua- 
 tioii : '"Can any good thing come out of Egypt?" More 
 than once has Southern Illinois by the genius of her sons 
 and the excellence of her institutions refuted the charge, 
 but there are still those living within our own common- 
 wealth who look upon Egypt as a land without railroads, 
 destitute of an educational spirit, and withal a fertile field 
 for missionary labor. To answer, once for all, the edu- 
 cational part of the criticism, candid facts pertaining to 
 the "Influence of the Southern Normal in Egypt," will 
 effectually set this question at 'rest. 
 
 Believing that there is a stronger desire to-day, 
 among the Alumni, to make Southern Illinois a greater 
 factor in the educational councils of the State, to which 
 this Normal University shall contribute her full share, we 
 send forth this volumn, hoping it will prove of permanent 
 interest to'the Association, and that it will find a respon- 
 sive chord in the heart of every true friend of education.
 
 LIBRARY 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
 
 o 
 
 z 
 
 Q 
 _J 
 
 ^ 
 CD 
 
 CO 
 
 or
 
 The Southern Illinois Normal University 
 From Its Founding to the Fire. 
 
 HE founding of an educational institution marks 
 an epoch in any community, and often affects the 
 commonwealth in no small decree. It indicates a 
 
 O 
 
 progressive spirit and a realization of the most vital inter- 
 est of any people. Our forefathers were not ignorant of, 
 nor indifferent to, these paramount values to a State and 
 Nation. They made prompt provision for a liberal edu- 
 cation among their youth, a condition which has- had a 
 decided influence in shaping the type and character of our 
 people. The establishment and prosperous career of Har- 
 vard and Yale Universities made it possible to create 
 and equip like educational centers throughout our land 
 during the generations which followed. Liberal-minded 
 men and generous legislators have contributed freely to- 
 ward this agency of genuine culture, and placed our citi- 
 zenship in a position to meet the grave problems of an 
 advancing civilization. One of the most marked prod- 
 ucts of this effort is the public school system now so gen- 
 erally installed in this imperial nation of ours. 
 
 The evolution of the educational problem soon de- 
 veloped the need of the special training of teachers for 
 their specific duties. Normal schools were soon brought 
 into existence to meet this demand. Less than forty years 
 after the "Prairie State" was admitted into the Union her 
 General Assembly passed an act establishing her first Nor- 
 mal School. Abont ten years later, by the same authority, 
 the second school of this character was provided for.
 
 6 
 
 Four years ago the State authorized the erection and equip- 
 ment of two additional schools for the training of her 
 teachers. During the last session of the legislature a 
 fifth school was brought into existence. From the above 
 account it is evident that Illinois has been ready to respond 
 to the demand for skilled workmen in her schoolrooms. 
 The State that boasts of Lincoln, Grant, and Logan may 
 well feel proud of her Normal Schools. 
 
 The second in the above list, and the subject of this, 
 sketch, is closely coupled with the advanced steps taken 
 in educational matters in the progressive west. The bill 
 creating this institution was passed by the General As- 
 sembly of 1869, a d received the signature of Governor 
 John M. Palmer April 20. In due time the Charter 
 Trustees, as they were called, were selected, viz : Capt. 
 David Hurd, of Cairo; Gen. Eli Boyer, of Olney ; Col. 
 Thos. M. Harris, of Shelbyville ; Rev. Elihu J. Palmer, 
 of Belleville, and Samuel J. Flanagan, of Benton. 
 
 After a long delay and much discussion the site for 
 the new Normal School was determfned upon. Much to 
 the disappointment of Du Quoin, Centralia, Carlyle and 
 a few other rival towns, Carbondale was the fortunate 
 winner of the prize. The Board selected a tract of ground 
 about three-quarters of a mile south of the Illinois Cen- 
 tral station immediately adjacent to the right of way of 
 the railroad on the west side. The tract of land, con- 
 sisting of twenty acres, had recently been a strawberry 
 field. 
 
 Ground was soon broken and the work beoam. The 
 
 O 
 
 corner-stone was laid with impressive ceremonies by the 
 Masonic fraternity on May 17, 1870. 
 
 The contract had been let to Mr. J. M. Campbell, one
 
 7 
 
 of Carbondale's most active and most progressive citizens, 
 for the sum of $225,000. 
 
 Durirfg the erection of the building, and while su- 
 perintending the work, Mr. Campbell was killed by the 
 falling of a large timber. This sad accident delayed the 
 work for some time, and finally a Building Commission 
 was appointed to complete the structure, consisting of 
 John Wood, of Cairo, Elihu J. Palmer, of Carbondale ; 
 Hiram Walker, of Jonesboro ; R. H. Sturgiss, of Vanda- 
 lia; Nathan Bishop, of Marion, and F. M. Malone, of 
 Anna. 
 
 By this change in the management of the erection of 
 the building the final cost exceeded that named in the 
 original contract. The entire cost was placed at $265,- 
 
 000. 
 
 The architecture was of the Norman style, with 
 trimmings of sand-stone in two colors. Its extreme 
 length was 215 feet; extreme width 109 feet. It had a 
 basement of 14 feet in the clear; two stories, one 18 feet, 
 the other 22 feet, and a Mansard story of 19 feet. The 
 basement was devoted to the heating apparatus, labora- 
 tory, work-room for the carpenter, and residence for the 
 janitor ; the Mansard to lecture hall, library, museum 
 and literary society rooms ; the main two stories to 
 offices, study hall and recitation rooms. 
 
 Upon the completion of the building Governor Bev- 
 eridge appointed the following gentlemen to serve as 
 Trustees, whose first duty was to select a Faculty of In- 
 struction and furnish the several departments with suita- 
 ble furniture and apparatus : Thos. S. Ridgeway, Shaw- 
 neetown ; James Robarts, M. D., Carbondale ; Edwin S. 
 Russell^Mt. Carmel ; Lewis M. Phillips, Nashville ; Judge 
 Jacob W. Wilkin, Marshall. The Board was organized 
 as follows : President, Mr. Ridgeway ; Secretary, Dr. Ro-
 
 8 
 
 barts ; Treasurer, John G. Campbell ; Registrar, Charles 
 W. Jerome. Mr. Ridgeway remained the President of the 
 Board for the first eighteen years, when his term expired, 
 and the newly-elected Governor appointed an entirely 
 new Board. He was reappointed by Governor Tanner, 
 but failing health caused him to decline the honor. A 
 few months subsequent to his non-acceptance he was re- 
 moved from the scenes of this life much beloved by a 
 large circle of friends socially, financially and politically. 
 
 The Board of Trustees gave much of their time and 
 thought to the establishment of the school on a broad 
 and substantial basis. In the early part of '74 they 
 elected the following persons to constitute the Faculty of 
 Instruction, named in the order as published in the first 
 Catalogue : 
 
 Robert Allyn, Principal, Mental Science Ethics and 
 Pedagogics. 
 
 Cyrus Thomas, Natural History and Physiology. 
 
 Charles W. Jerome, Registrar, Languages and Lit- 
 erature. 
 
 Enoch A. Gastman, (elect), Mathematics. 
 
 Daniel B. Parkinson, Natural Philosophy and Chem- 
 istry. 
 
 James H. Brownlee, Reading, Elocution and 
 Phonics. 
 
 Granville F. Foster, History and Geography. 
 
 Alden C. Hillman, Princicipal of High School ; 
 teacher in Normal Department. 
 
 Martha Buck, Grammar and Etymology. 
 
 VOCAL MUSIC. 
 
 Drawing and Calisthenics Julia F. Mason, Principal 
 of Primary and Model School. 
 
 Hon. A. D. Duff (elect), Dean of Law Department.
 
 9 
 
 Miss Mason was not elected^till September, after the 
 school had opened on the 6th of|said month. Mr. Cast- 
 man, after one year's consideration of the matter, de- 
 clined to accept the position offered him, his choice of 
 work having been previously offered to Dr. Thomas. 
 His place was filled by the election 'of Prof. John Hull in 
 the autumn. Miss Buck and the"' writer of this early 
 sketch have remained as members ot the Faculty from the 
 first. Prof. Brownlee was called to the chair of Rhetoric 
 and Oratory in the University of 'Illinois in '86. In '97 
 he returned to the Faculty of the Southern Normal, 
 
 The writer was elected Secretary of the Faculty on 
 July 6, '74. and continued to serve fn'that capacity till 
 September, '92, whsn, because of being" made Registrar 
 at the June meeting of the Board, hej?resigned in favor of 
 Prof. S. M. Inglis, who was succeeded by Prof. George 
 W. Smith in September. '94, who is still serving in that 
 capacity. 
 
 Returning to the further history of the building : It 
 was completed June 30. '74, and dedicated with ceremo- 
 nies commensurate with the importance of the occasion 
 the following day, July i . These dedicatory exercises 
 were of great significance to the cause of education in 
 Southern Illinois, the entire state, and, in fact, in the 
 middle west. They gave promise of a new era in school 
 matters in these regions. The, program of the day was 
 a well-selected one ; the best talent was secured, and the 
 vast concourse of people assembled on that memorable 
 day retired frcm the scene with renewed zeal, greater cour- 
 age and a deeper conviction of duty pertaining to educa- 
 tional interests. The speakers were as follows : Dr. Rich- 
 ard Edwards, President Illinois State Normal University ; 
 Dr. Charles H. Fowler, President Northwestern Univer-
 
 10 
 
 sity ; Dr. Robert Allyn, the newly-elected President of 
 the new school, Hon. J. J. Bird, Cairo ; and Hon. Thos. 
 Ridgeway, President, Board of Trustees. Hon. Newton 
 Bateman, then State Superintendent, was to have given 
 the principal address, but on account of sickness could 
 not be present. His place was ably filled by Doctor 
 Edwards. 
 
 The work of the institution was inaugurated by the 
 opening of a special session on the day after dedication. 
 This session continued six weeks. The first regular ses- 
 sion opened September 6, and closed June 17, '75, with 
 an enrollment of 396. Number of pupil teachers first 
 year, 26. 
 
 Soon after the opening of the school a demand for 
 a literary society was so manifest that in the early part 
 of the term a society for this purpose was organized. A 
 suitable name with which to christen this new-born child 
 of the young mother was a matter of deep concern. After 
 much counsel and searching for a name those in charge 
 of the matter decided on the rare but significant title of 
 ''Zetetic," which means "A Seeker," a name employed 
 by some of the Pyrrhonists. This society has done much 
 to establish and maintain a high ideal in genuine culture; 
 it has been a potent factor to encourage and foster an 
 elevated literary taste. Its motto, "Learn to Labor and 
 to Wait,'' has inspired hundreds of young people to act 
 nobly along these two lines of true endeavor. The op- 
 portunities of a single society soon proved inadequate for 
 the demand. On October i, '75, a petition was granted 
 for the organization of a " Debating Club." On the 
 evening of October 1 5 the Constitution and By-laws were 
 indorsed by the Faculty. This organizatfon was at first 
 exclusive in its character, no ladies being admitted. How-
 
 77 
 
 ever, this peculiar condition could not long endure the 
 pressure from without, neither could it cope with the older 
 organizations in enlarging its membership. Its name was 
 changed to the Socratic Literary Society, and in due time 
 the young ladies were admitted to its fold. The spirit of 
 the society has ever been in harmony with that of the 
 noted character whose name it bears. Its motto, "Nulla 
 Vera, Felicitas Sine Sapiential'' ("no true happiness 
 without knowledge"), has implanted in the breasts of a 
 multitude of ambitious youth the secret of true success. 
 A few years later (1880) the members of the special 
 session organized themselves for literary work and gave 
 to their society the name of "The Allyn Literary Society." 
 The Zetetic Society was given the northwest room 
 in the Mansard story, and the Socratic Society the south- 
 west room on same floor. The Library occupied the 
 northeast room, and the Museum the southeast room. 
 The lecture-room was on the same floor, in the middle of 
 the building, immediately over the Normal or Assembly 
 Hall, which was on the third floor. 
 
 The year '7 7-' 78 opened up with a new departure, 
 quite unusual in normal schools. A military officer had 
 been detailed by the War Department of the Government 
 to take charge of a military department in the Southern 
 Illinois Normal. Captain Thos. J. Spencer has the honor 
 of organizing this new branch of instruction in the new 
 normal school of Illinois. The equipment for this new 
 line of work, such as bayonets, rifles, cannons, caissons, 
 etc., were soon on the ground and ready for use. This 
 department was discontinued at the close of the school 
 year of '91. 
 
 Aside from the regular duties of the school there 
 were in the early years occasions of special interest that
 
 12 
 
 are interwoven in its history. Among these that of tree- 
 planting day ranks as one of the most pleasant, not only 
 for the immediate pleasure connected therewith, but for 
 the permanent benefits which have followed. This prac- 
 tice of the school was instituted many years before ""Ar- 
 bor Day"" was established in the State. On these gala- 
 days the young men went into the woods near by and 
 procured suitable trees and shrubs and planted them in 
 the campus of the University, while the young ladies 
 prepared a bountiful dinner, which was served in the lower 
 corridor with all the elaborateness of a banquet. 
 
 Much of the beauty of the grounds to-day is due to 
 these early efforts of faculty and students. The group 
 of large maple trees in the north central part of the 
 grounds in the shape of an "R 1 ' was planted by the rep- 
 resentatives of Randolph county ; the large group of 
 thirty-five maple trees in the southwest portion of the 
 campus was planted by the thirty-five members of an 
 arithmetic class under Prof. Hillman ; and a beautiful star 
 of evergreen trees was planted just to the east of the 
 north gate. But this last and many others were removed 
 by changing the grade of the ground about the building 
 several years later. Had the first trees and the many 
 vines which Dr. Allyn planted been allowed to remain, 
 the grounds would have an older look and a large part of 
 the present building would now be covered, as is a por- 
 tion of the north and the south ends. In fact, the build- 
 ing would resemble the older residences of Washington, 
 D. C. 
 
 The biennial visit from the legislative committees 
 was another event of deep interest. The dignity of the 
 guests and the issue at stake contributed to make the oc- 
 casion one of much import to the school. In those days
 
 a larger delegation was sent to ascertain the needs of the 1 
 State institutio'ri's than in recent years ; arid possibly with 
 no better results. At that time the normal*- school prob- 
 lem was farther from solution than now and it required 
 more care and watchfulness to secure an appropriation 
 than at the present time. 
 
 On all such occasions Prof. Brownleewas ready with 
 his elocutionary gifts to please and entertain the guests ol 
 the institution. He did his best on the occasion of the 
 first visit from the Legislature, when the members were 
 feasted in the southwest room now occupied by rooms 2 
 and 3 in the present building. 
 
 Commencement week, consisting of the Baccalau- 
 reate Sermon, Society Annual Entertainments, Class Day 
 Exercises, Alumni Reunion and Banquet, and the climax 
 of the whole, Graduating Exercises on Commencement 
 Day with the general reception at night was the most 
 important of the year. These annual gatherings have 
 served to cement the various classes with the outgoing 
 class into a closer friendship and allegiance to the in- 
 stitution, and to furnish the school an opportunity to ex- 
 hibit the work of the students, and to hear an able 
 address by some noted orator. No other such literary 
 treat could be offered the people of the region represent- 
 ed by the school. Possibly no class of persons more 
 heartily enjoyed these events than the former students, 
 even though they had not completed a course of study. 
 
 The preparation of matter for the Centennial Expo- 
 sition in the year of '7 5-' 76 was an eventful task. The 
 beautiful bronze medal and the artistic diploma which 
 hangs in the Library as a companion piece of art to 
 the one of similar character received from the Columbian 
 Exposition bear evidence of the progressive spirit of the 
 Faculty and students of the Southern Illinois Normal
 
 14 
 
 through the decades of the first quarter of a century of its 
 history. The first action of the faculty looking toward 
 an exhibition at the Centennial was taken on February 4, 
 
 1875. 
 
 The school sent material to the Paris Exposition as 
 well as to those of our own country. This was decided 
 upon March 27, 1878. The material was placed in the 
 hands of John D. Philbrick. 
 
 Decoration Day has always been observed by the 
 school. On many occasions the entire membership 
 marched in a body to the center of the town, headed by 
 the military band, followed by the cadets in uniform. 
 Their military salute gave evidence of superior training 
 in tactics. The first death in the family of a member of 
 the Faculty was the demise of the wife of the writer, who 
 had been a member of the first Faculty. She passed 
 away on August 6, '79. On October 20, the same year, 
 the wife of the President, a cultured and refined lady, 
 was taken from the scenes of earth. In the summer of 
 '82 Mrs. Prof. Hull was called to her reward after a lin- 
 gering illness of several years. 
 
 On January 10, '83, the youngest daughter of Dr. 
 Allyn, Miss Hattie, an accomplished young lady, was 
 called to join her mother in the life beyond. 
 
 The first death in the Board of Trustees was that of 
 Hon. L. M. Phillips in December, 1880, an account of 
 which is noted elsewhere in this volume. 
 
 The model school, which was partially organized at 
 the opening of the institution, was discontinued, as such, 
 at the close of the first term of '7 6-' 77. On September 
 11, '82, the Training Department was placed on a better 
 basis, with Prof. Hull as Superintendent, and Miss Mary- 
 Sowers as Assistant. Since that time this department
 
 15 
 
 has been a very important factor in the institution, grow- 
 ing in popular favor and in efficiency. 
 
 In order to secure the highest degree of benefit from 
 the regular meetings of the Faculty, different members 
 volunteered to prepare papers bearing more or less on 
 school subjects. One set of these papers is given below 
 in the order of their presentation. The practice, how- 
 ever, was continued for some years. Dr. Allyn read the 
 first paper on February 6, '80, on "What Constitutes a 
 Good Teacher;" Prof. Jerome on "School Discipline;" 
 Prof. Hull, "The Question and Its Answer;" the writer, 
 on "Examinations;" Prof. Foster, on "How and What 
 the Teacher Should Read;" Prof. Brownlee, on "Pro- 
 nunciation ;*"* Prof. Hillman, on "We and Us;" Miss 
 Buck, on "Language Lessons;" Prof. French, on the 
 "Principal's Report;" Miss Finley, on "The Relation of 
 the Teacher to the Pupil." The above papers were pre- 
 pared with great, care and elicited much discussion, and 
 they were indeed very helpful. 
 
 The institution has been characterized from its begin- 
 ning by the most friendly feeling between teachers and 
 students, Criticisms may have been justly made here 
 and there as to its management, but the policy of placing 
 the individual student upon his honor, and exercising a 
 large measure of sympathy for the struggling young man 
 or woman has resulted in a generation of more liberal 
 minded, generous-hearted, and self-respecting citizens 
 than would have been produced had a more rigid, narrow 
 and exacting policy been adopted. 
 
 The writer's associates in the early Faculty will par- 
 don any lack of special reference to the individual mem- 
 bers, save the bare statement of the department in which 
 they labored, which has been noted. I will be allowed,
 
 ..-,..,:...,... A, 
 
 I am sure, a few lines in which to refer to the President. 
 
 ' ; '> ' ' : 
 
 Dr. Allyn brought to the new school, as its head, a 
 strong personality, 'a Tar^e experience in 'educational mat- 
 ters, a cultured mind and a warrn' heart. This ' person- 
 ality left a lasting impression for good upon the character 
 of the school, the students a"nd the Faculty which the 
 Doctor gathered around him. However, an account of 
 his life and work appears elsewhere, and the writer must 
 refrain from further reference. 
 
 The various agencies set at work by the Board of 
 Trustees accomplished great results ; trie-school prospered 
 and grew in general favor throughout the land and was 
 justly regarded as the educational light of the southern 
 part of Illinois. Many families from adjoining towns 
 decided to make Carbondale their home because of its 
 educational facilities. The eyes of the people were 
 turned toward the Southern Illinois Normal University. 
 But it was so ordered that the life of the school was not 
 to be all sunshine. On the afternoon of November 26, 
 1883, a terrible calamity befell it. About two o'clock 
 this noble edifice was discovered to be on fire. In a few 
 hours it was a heap of ruins. The description of this 
 catastrophe and the remainder of the history are portrayed 
 by more fluent and gifted pens than the one which has 
 narrated the events of the institution from the "founding 
 to the fire."
 
 Burning of the Normal, 
 
 F. M. ALEXANDER, CLASS OF '83. 
 
 On that quiet little village dawned the blessed Sabbath morn; 
 And a sense of peace and safety with the holy day was born. 
 Soon the chiming bells' sweet music, trembling on the morning air, 
 Called the happy, grateful people to the sacred house of prayer. 
 Labor's busy hands were folded, and no earthly cares annoyed, 
 While they praised the Great Good Giver, for the blessings they 
 
 enjoyed: 
 
 Grateful for the precious lessons they had studied in His Word ; 
 Grateful for the love and mercy in the Gospel that they heard; 
 Thankful for domestic comforts and abundance that prevailed, 
 For the r happy homes and firesides by no threatening foes assailed. 
 Best of all, they held that noble Fount of Learning, Light and Truth- 
 Source of knowledge, strength, and wisdom for the character of youth. 
 'Twas the pride of all the country and the glory of the town. 
 
 Now the day was fast approaching when the nation would express 
 Unto God her praise and gratitude for peace and happiness; 
 And fair Carbondale was waiting with all readiness to raise 
 Every heajt and voice to Heaven in a choral hymn of praise; 
 For the generous Heaven above them sent on all its gentle rain, 
 And the grateful earth responded with her wealth of golden grain. 
 
 Thus with pleasure and abundance did the fleeting days glide on 
 Until Autumn's glories faded and her russet train was gone. 
 To and fro eaoh morn and evening passed an earnest, faithful line 
 Of devoted students paying homage true at Learning's shrine. 
 Now the Sabbath day had ended and the morning bright and clear 
 Rose once more upon the village full of happiness and cheer. 
 In the people's hearts no warning, and no portent in the sky 
 Told them of the dire disaster and the danger lurking nigh. 
 Earnest students, faithful teachers, in each dear, familiar place,
 
 18 
 
 Fell into the line of duty with their wonted ^eal and grace. 
 But none dreamed that bright, glad morning, as they sought the noble 
 
 Hall, 
 
 Ere that sad, sad day was ended they would see its proud dome fall. 
 No one knew, as they departed from the dear old class-room door, 
 That their class-mates would assemble in those places nevermore. 
 While those glad young minds were weaving Hope's bright fancies 
 
 into woof, 
 
 Even then the fell destroyer was concealed beneath the roof, 
 There in stealthy silence working with relentless, deadly hate, 
 Till his mastery was certain and resistance all too late. 
 But, as evil coming near us gives a warning sense of dread. 
 Soon the deamon was discovered in the timbers overhead. 
 Dumb with terror came the students down the massive brazen stair, 
 Through the doomed majestic portal, from the thick and stifling air, 
 Headed by their noble teachers leaders faithful, tried and true, 
 Each brave heart sprang quickly forward and found noble work to do, 
 Pausing not to think of danger, plunging through the blinding smoke, 
 Rescuing their sacred treasures while the flames around them broke. 
 First in every place of duty in the seething, fiery storm, 
 Loading, planning, and directing, moved the tall ar.d noble form 
 Of the aged Chief and Father, dauntless in the battle's brunt, 
 Until forced by loving followers from the thickenirg danger's front. 
 Honor, too, those noble women maidens young and frail, and fair, 
 Vying with their sturdy brothers in heroic actions there. 
 Not one failed or faltered, but like heroes brave and true, 
 Lingered at the post of duty till there was no more to do. 
 Though the battle-ground was bloodless, with no clash of spear or 
 
 shield, 
 Yet no brighter deeds of valor ever shown upon the field. 
 
 Far and near the sad entreaty had been flashing o'er the wire, 
 "For the love of Heaven, save us from the demon of the fire." 
 Prompt and manly was the answer, but assistance came too late, 
 And at last the noble structure was abandoned to its fate. 
 See! the mighty Foe, exulting, leaps upon the highest tower, 
 With his red eyes fiercly gleaming as he rages in his power, 
 Marking everything he touches with the burning seal of death, 
 While the very air is hissing with the fatal, fiery breath.
 
 19 
 
 Hark! upon the ear anon breaks in the heavy, jarring sound 
 Of the massive granite falling from the turrets to the ground. 
 Pitying angels saw and wept and turned the winds against the fire ; 
 But no power in earth or Heaven could now quench the demon's ire. 
 Hope now died in every bosom, bitfcer tears filled every eye, 
 As the cruel flames triumphant leaped exulting to the sky. 
 E'en the sun went down in sorrow, and the darkness of the night 
 Was lit up o'er all the country with the awful lurid light. 
 
 Mourn, oh broad and noble Prairie State thy fair young daughter 
 
 mourn ; 
 
 Lift thy voice in lamentation for her body bruised and torn ; 
 Mourn thy best and strongest safeguard from rebellion and from crime ; 
 Mourn the loss thy children suffer the best heritage of time. 
 We, thy children, in our bosoms are with deepest sorrow thrilled, 
 For we feel a place is vacant that can ne'er for us be filled. 
 O'er thy smouldering, blackened ruins other walls may rise as grand; 
 Other structures more imposing and with greater genius planned; 
 But the dear familiar objects we have cherished as our own 
 In their old accustomed places will no more by us be known. 
 All the hallowed rooms and places where we met in days of .yore, 
 With their tender, sacred memories, time and wealth can ne'er restore. 
 We may find our books and pictures in some other fitting place ; 
 We may meet again our teachers and each oft-remembered face ; 
 But as many a child is saddened coming back to parents true, 
 Finding they have left the .old home and are living in the new, 
 So when we return and find no more the things we've loved and 
 
 known, 
 Each face will have a strange appearance and each voice a colder tone. 
 
 But the brightest stars are never seen till darkness veils the skies; 
 So we now see Hope's bright heralds from the gloom around us rise. 
 Round our Normal's broken standard friends will rally firm and brave, 
 While the voice of hate and envy will be buried in one grave. 
 Courage then ! Stand by your colors, and with purpose true and strong 
 Move right onward with the leaders who have guided you so long; 
 And although our noble buildings in majestic ruins lie, 
 Yet the spirit they awakened in our hearts shall never die.
 
 The Fire of '83. 
 
 ONDAY, November 26, 1883, was the saddest 
 day in the history of the Southern Illinois Normal. 
 On the afternoon of that day the first building- was 
 destroyed by fire. It was a massive and beautiful edifice 
 that had cost the State two hundred and eighty-three 
 thousand dollars. For nine years it had been the stately 
 home of the young and growing school, and teachers and 
 students were justly proud of it. Indeed, it was the pride 
 and ornament of Southern Illinois, and its destruction 
 threw a gloom over many hearts. 
 
 The origin of the fire was never certainly known. 
 Nor need this concern us now. The flames did their 
 cruel work thoroughly, whether, as some thought, they 
 originated from spontaneous combustion, or whether, as 
 others believed, they originated in an accident to the jan- 
 itor's lantern. 
 
 The fire was discovered in the northwest corner of 
 the Mansard roof at 20 minutes past 3 o'clock. Some 
 of the four hundred students were busy with their books 
 in the study hall, but a majority were in their classes in 
 the various recitation rooms. Messengers were instantly 
 sent to each room to make the appalling announcement : 
 "The Normal is on fire !"' Any fears that a panic might 
 result proved groundless. Class after class was dismissed 
 at once by the pale-faced teachers, who briefly instructed 
 the pupils to go quickly to the hall and the corridors for 
 books, hats, wraps, etc., and then leave the building. 
 
 When first seen by the janitor the fire was in the
 
 21 
 
 attic just over the museum in the southeast corner. As 
 soon as books and wraps had been deposited in a place 
 of safety outside, a band of brave young men rallied 
 around the president, Dr. Allyn, and other members of 
 the faculty and rushed to the point of danger, the museum, 
 in order to save the building, if possible. But to do this 
 was soon found to be impossible. When the large hose 
 connected with the tanks in the attic was trained upon the 
 now flaming roof it was discovered that, owing to the 
 height of the fire, only a feeble, ineffectual stream could 
 bs obtained. The flames gathered strength rapidly, and 
 soon it became evident to the most hopeful that the build- 
 ing was doomed. Still, with inadequate weapons they 
 fought on until tlrj falling plaster, the bursting glass of 
 the cases, the smoke and intense heat, warned them to 
 leave. 
 
 Descending to the floor below, they informed the 
 crowd of students and citizens that the building could not 
 be saved that all that could be done was to save as 
 much of the furniture and library as possible. Fortun- 
 ately the wind, which blew from the northwest, retarded 
 in some measure the progress of the flames, so that there 
 was time to act. 
 
 And now followed a scene of unselfish, heroic labor. 
 Faculty, students, and citizejis, all went energetically to 
 work to save the furniture, musical instruments, and 
 books. For two hours the work went on. No one who 
 saw the sight will ever forget it. Pianos and organs were 
 quickly lifted to sturdy shoulders and carried down the 
 broad stairways and to safety as if the force of gravity- 
 had lost its pull. One piano only was lost that belong- 
 ing to the Socratic Literary Society, whose hall was 
 just across the corridor from the museum. As there \v::s
 
 22 
 
 no time to unscrew desks from the floor, they were torn 
 from their fastenings by arms that seemed to have mus- 
 cles of corded steel. The library was on the fourth floor 
 in the northeast corner. It contained eight thousand vol- 
 umes. Dr. Allyn was there to superintend the removal 
 of his beloved books. Up and down the stairways went 
 the hurrying, endless lines of students, those descending 
 each bearing a huge armful of precious literature. Nor 
 were men the only carriers. The young women were as 
 brave, as active, and as helpful as the young men. Many 
 of them were weeping silently in their excitement and 
 grief, but still they went on carrying to safety great armfuls 
 of books. Their iaces were so grimed with smoke and per- 
 spiration that they were almost unrecognizable. 
 
 When I think of that unselfish band of students, and 
 remember that at the risk of their young lives they bore 
 to safety out of that roaring furnace of crackling 'flames 
 and falling timbers property valued at twenty-five thousand 
 dollars, and that they did this willingly and cheerfully for 
 the school they so much loved, a lump rises in my throat 
 and I feel like saying, kt God bless them, every one!"" 
 
 And now thoughtful observers of the progress of the 
 flames saw that any further efforts would result in loss of 
 life. So men were sent into the building to warn all to 
 leave at once. Not a few were loth to quit, while in sev- 
 eral instances it was necessary to use force in order to 
 get the enthusiastic workers to a place of safety. There 
 were several narrow escapes, but Providence so ordered 
 it that not a life was lost, and for this we were all pro- 
 foundly grateful. 
 
 The shadows of evening were now gathering and 
 the tired host of smoke-stained teachers, students and 
 citizens lingered at a safe distance to gaze upon a spec-
 
 23 
 
 tacle that was at once sorrowful and fascinating. How 
 fiercely the flames leaped upward, as if glorying in the 
 ruin they had wrought ! How they seemed to riot in 
 the unholy work ! As I walked townward, about seven 
 o'clock on that fateful evening, I remember that I often 
 paused to look back upon the sublime but sorrowful spec- 
 tacle presented by the ruins of the burning Normal. I 
 remember, too, that they reminded me of the magnificent 
 description of the burning castle in Scott's kk Rokeby :" 
 
 "In gloomy arch jibovc them spread 
 The clouded hoavcn lowered blocdy red. 
 Soon all beneath, through gallery long, 
 And pendant arch, the fire flashed st"ong, 
 Till from eaoh loophole flashing 1'ght, 
 A spout of fire shinc-i ruddy bright 
 And, gathering to, united glare, 
 Streams high into the midnight air." 
 
 The normal building only had been burned ; the 
 schoo Istill lived stronger than before in the loyalty of 
 professors and students and friends. That very evening 
 a mass meeting was held in the Opera House. The cit- 
 izens of Carbondale proved that no mistake had been 
 made when the normal was located in their city. The 
 authorities of the school were requested to go ahead with 
 its daily work, and were informed that any rooms needed 
 for their purpose in the business portion of the town were 
 at their command ; that if any rooms wanted for recita- 
 tions were occupied, these would be immediately vacated. 
 The generous proffer was appreciated, a committee ap- 
 pointed to select the most eligible rooms on the west side 
 of the public square, and arrangements made to continue 
 the work of instruction. 
 
 The next morning teachers and students gathered in 
 one oi the churches to confer regarding their duty in the 
 presence of the appalling calamity. The effects of the
 
 24 
 
 excitement and exertions of the preceding day were visi- 
 ble in the pale, drawn faces of all. The importance of 
 events and actions is measured by their results. Thus 
 measured, that meeting was the most important in an ed- 
 ucational point of view of any ever held in Southern Illi- 
 nois. Speeches were made both by teachers and by stu- 
 dents. These noble, unselfish young men and women 
 gave expression to their love for the school, and loyally 
 declared their intention to stand by it in its darkest hour. 
 And in the weary weeks and months that followed before 
 the building was replaced by another equally commodious 
 anil scarcely less beautiful, how faithfully was the pledge 
 redeemed ! E^ch realized that the continued existence of 
 the great school depended in no small measure upon the 
 affectionate loyalty of the student body. 
 
 Throughout Tuesday the work of selecting rooms and 
 getting the necessary furniture went forward under the 
 efficient direction of the resident trustee, Dr. James Rob- 
 erts, assisted by a committee of citizens and professors. On 
 Wednesday morning recitations were resumed in all depart- 
 ments. For many weeks the students without murmur 
 tramped cheerfully down stairways and through snow fiom 
 one poorly ventilated recitation room to another. Those 
 who left to attend other schools could be counted upon the 
 fingers. Thus, it will be observed, there had been but 
 a single clay's intermission in the work of the school. 
 This remarkable fact, coupled with the striking loyalty 
 exhibited by students and citizens, powerfully aided in 
 securing an appropriation of one hundred and fifty-two 
 thousand dollars from the next legislature. 
 
 The hour brings torth the man. Two years would 
 elapse before the state could restore the burned structure. 
 However loyal the students, they could not have been
 
 55 
 
 kept together in the uncomfortable quarters for such a 
 length of time. The necessity of a temporary building 
 was first realized by Mr. Isaac Rapp, the architect and 
 builder, yet living in Carbondale. His brain conceived 
 it, his hand brought it into being. Without consulting 
 others he wrote the heading of a subscription paper for a 
 temporary building. The business men of the town re- 
 sponded so generously that he had eighteen hundred dol- 
 lars written do\vn before the authorities of the school 
 knew what he was doing. Of course his idea was enthu- 
 siastically adopted by them. The estimated cost of the 
 building was thirty-five hundred dollars, but it was so 
 easy to get subscriptions that Mr. Rapp's notion of what 
 the building should be rapidly expanded so that when 
 ready in January following for occupancy, it was a six 
 thousand dollar structure. Erected during bitter Decem- 
 ber weather, the building could not be plastered. Instead 
 of plaster the ceilings and walls of the different rooms 
 were composed of thick brown paper tacked to the stud- 
 ding and the joists. And so in January, amid great re- 
 joicing, the school moved into its new home thus quickly 
 and generously provided by the citizens of Carbondale. 
 The Southern Normal had received its baptism of 
 fire, but still lived stronger than before, supported by the 
 love and loyalty of all. A new building in due time was 
 reared upon the foundation of the old. Its halls and cor- 
 ridors have echoed to the feet of successive generations 
 of students, who, whether they know it or not, owe a 
 debt of gratitude to that gloriously unselfish group of 
 four hundred young men and women of 1883, whose high 
 devotion to duty preserved to the youth of Southern Illi- 
 nojs its Nprflial University.
 
 Elegy On the Old Southern Normal 
 
 MRS. CARRIE L. MOUNT. 
 
 Above, in the dome of the Heavens, 
 
 Misty clouds so heavily creep ; 
 Darkening as nearer the northward 
 
 Where the cold breezes now sweep. 
 
 Frost gilded sidewalks and highways, 
 Broad fields despoiled of their grain; 
 
 And trees with brown leaves, betoken 
 That winter is now in his reign. 
 
 Beyond on a rise from the valley 
 
 Apart from a white nestling town, 
 
 Stands a ruin a giant-like structure, 
 
 With its chimneys and walls falling down. 
 
 Around, in the spacious enclosure 
 
 See evergreens stand here and there ; 
 
 And winding among them neat pathways 
 Lead up to the ruin so bare. 
 
 Ah! needs it to gaze but a moment 
 
 To know that a fiery fiend 
 Has passed with his breath of destruction 
 
 And the life of that edifice gleaned. 
 
 The roof lies low in the ashes, 
 
 The casements are scorched with the flame; 
 The plastering and stairway have vanished 
 
 And the front steps are hopelessly lame. 
 
 Heavy columns are leaning and bending, 
 Great towers seem ready to fall;
 
 27 
 
 High archways arc tottering forward, 
 Deep fissures appear in the wall. 
 
 I gaze on the scene that's before me, 
 
 I wonder, I tremble, I weep : 
 For dear arc the memories that hover 
 
 Around that structureless heap. 
 
 Gone now from the casements, the windows, 
 Bleak stand the skeleton walls; 
 
 Destroyed are the rooms full of beauty, 
 Our much loved society halls. 
 
 Once they were teeming in gladness 
 
 With the work of a far-famed school, 
 
 Whose scholars were models of perfection 
 In the observance of duty and rule. 
 
 Once there were volumes of knowledge 
 
 Set high in mighty array; 
 Once there were curious relics 
 
 That were brought from climes far away. 
 
 Once there were lyccums of learning 
 Unequaled by North or by South; 
 
 If ever they lacked in advancement 
 'Twas due to an intellectual drouth. 
 
 But barring the weakness that's human, 
 Of selfishness and her near sister pride, 
 
 There never were societies more friendly 
 Than these, as they worked side by side. 
 
 And many the hearts that have quickened, 
 And many the minds that have glowed, 
 
 And many the eyes that have brightened, 
 And many the words that have flowed. 
 
 And many the tears that have sparkled, 
 
 As gathered 'neath the gas burning light, 
 
 Some genius, in a first burst of passion, 
 Battles strongly for truth and for right.
 
 28 
 
 Down where there were compounds and mixtures 
 Of gases and queer-smelling things, 
 
 Wise heads experimented and studied 
 Acids, bases and phosphoric rings. 
 
 And so of each kind word and action, 
 Of each principle skillfully taught, 
 
 The scene of the labor is over, 
 
 But the results are eternally wrought. 
 
 Like fires that enkindle the Heavens, 
 Like waters that continually sound, 
 
 The influence of the old Southern Normal 
 Abroad in the earth shall be found. 
 
 And proud be the teacher and scholar 
 
 Who have passed from the old to the new, 
 For theirs be the glory of proving 
 
 That Egypt to her children is true. 
 January 31, 1884.
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
 
 o 
 
 z 
 
 CD 
 
 Z
 
 History of Southern Illinois Normal 
 Since 1883, 
 
 N the morning of November 27, 1883, The South- 
 ern Illinois Normal was a school without a home. 
 There were plenty ot students, a competent faculty, 
 good apparatus, a large library, but no house in which to 
 put the material and to gather the students. Promptly 
 the four churches- offered their edifices for use as assem- 
 bly halls, and the lawyers, doctors and editors tendered 
 their offices for class-rooms. The kind offer was accept- 
 ed ; all began without delay to bring in the school furni- 
 ture, to improvise shelves for library, and to construct 
 cases for apparatus, while the generous hosts sought 
 elsewhere for places of business for themselves. As the 
 Baptist church was central to these class-rooms, it was 
 used each morning for roll-call and opening exercises 
 during our stay down town. Here announcements were 
 made, visitors were received, and the school as a whole 
 could be seen. After this, the students passed to the 
 various places for recitations, or to their homes for study. 
 Only two days were lost from regular class work after 
 the fire. 
 
 The same promptness of decision and energy in re- 
 constructing were shown by the members of the literary 
 societies, as had been exhibited by the President and 
 faculty. I have in my possession, among the many pro- 
 grams of the societies, one most valued as an index of 
 the courage and energy of our young people. It con- 
 sists of two leaves. On the first page is written :
 
 30 
 
 INTER-SOCIETY PROGRAM, 
 SATURDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 1, 1833. 
 
 G. V. BUCHANAN, 
 PRESIDENT OF EVENING. 
 
 The two inside pages are blank, and on the fourth 
 page is written : 
 
 . "HOMELESS, BUT NOT LIFELESS." 
 
 The account of this meeting will doubtless be given 
 elsewhere ; but the spirit it showed was a great encour- 
 agement to those who were working to keep the school 
 together. 
 
 Although work was so speedily resumed, it was 
 under great difficulties. So crowded were the rooms 
 during recitation periods, it was impossible to set aside 
 any place for the removal of wraps, or even to make a 
 change of seats. During class time pupils wore their 
 wraps, and those sitting near the stove endured the heat, 
 while those at the back shivered with cold. No black- 
 boards offered facilities for illustration ; no desks allowed 
 opportunities for examinations. It was a happy time for 
 careless pupils. 
 
 As soon as the pressing need of immediate quarters 
 had been met, the citizens of Carbondale turned their 
 attention to providing a building which might keep to- 
 gether the normal school. The ladies gave a festival 
 which lasted three days, by which they cleared $800. To 
 this the friends added subscriptions until $6,000 was 
 realized for the erection of a temporary home in the 
 northwest corner of the normal campus. This was a 
 small sum compared with the value of the house destroyed 
 by the fire, but it was the free-will offering of a people 
 heartily in sympathy with the institution, and determined 
 that it should live. Under the able management of Mr.
 
 31 
 
 Isaac Rapp as architect and builder, it was surprising 
 how much comfort this sum obtained. 
 
 The temporary building was in the form of a Greek 
 cross. The center was the study and assembly hall, a 
 large room lighted by a skylight and four windows, one 
 in each of the four spaces between the arms. In the 
 arms were eleven class-rooms, the President's office and 
 a room for the model school. No place could be set 
 aside for the literary societies, but they used the largest 
 two class-rooms for their meetings. With thankful 
 hearts the school left the various offices down town on 
 January 26, and moved into the temporary building so 
 generously and so quickly provided. Granted it was far 
 inferior to the former home ; that the building, paper 
 walls, were too light to stop elocution and music from 
 becoming mixed with arithmetic and grammar ; that the 
 class-rooms were far too small ; that the aisles in assem- 
 bly hall were so narrow as to remind us of the "Fat Man's 
 Misery" in Mammoth Cave; that even the skylight tower 
 was crowded with property there stored ; it was an im- 
 provement on down town, and a long step toward re- 
 building. In spite of difficulties, patience and earnest 
 purpose made the school year a success. At the first 
 .faculty meeting in the new quarters the following resolu- 
 tion was adopted : 
 
 RESOLUTIONS. 
 
 CARBONBALE, ILL., Feb. 4, 1884. 
 
 To the Principal and Faculty of The Southern Illinois 
 
 Normal University: 
 
 Your committee appointed to prepare a resolution 
 of thanks to the parties furnishing rooms for the use of 
 the school in our time of great need, would submit the 
 following ;
 
 82 
 
 AV.SV>/<-YY/, That the profound thanks of the faculty 
 be heartily tendered to the following parties who so op- 
 portunly furnished us as instructors with rooms for reci- 
 tation, assembly and storage purposes during the past 
 two months; viz: Misses Haskell & Anthony, Col. D. 
 H. B. Brush, C. W. Williams, Drs. F. M. & J. T. Mac- 
 Anally, J. H. Caldwell, S. A. Dunaway, S. G. Hind- 
 man, J. M. Scurlock, W. H. Woodward, S. T. Brush, 
 C. E. Brush, Messrs. Barr & Lemma, and Dr. James 
 Robarts ; also to the Trustees oi the Baptist church and 
 of St. Andrew's Mission. 
 
 Respectfully submitted, 
 
 C. W. JEROME, | ~ 
 
 AT A t> > Committee. 
 
 M. A. RAYMOND, ) 
 
 Gradually we became accustomed to our new sur- 
 roundings, and the work moved forward steadily. Some 
 even declared they liked our crowded condition, as it was 
 so much more social. Lunches were eaten in groups in 
 the various class rooms ; these were called hotels and 
 you might hear such remarks as, "The Jerome House 
 furnishes toothpicks, let us patronize that." Commence- 
 ment of 1884 drew nigh. Now arose a question of great 
 importance, and it must be decided quickly. No hall in 
 town could hold the people who would attend the Com- 
 mencement exercises. Our assembly hall was crowded 
 when only the school was present, so it was out of the 
 question to try to use it for the general audiences. The 
 public had always been welcomed, and we were desirous 
 of having all come in this, our hour of adversity. The 
 students remained faithful to the school, and a good class 
 was to be graduated ; this would bring many visitors 
 from a distance. After careful consideration, it seemed 
 best to obtain a large tent in which to hold the week's 
 exercises. 
 
 The use of a tent gave rise to many jokes on the
 
 33 
 
 seniors by the under-graduates ; they persisted in calling- 
 it a circus, and assigning absurd parts to the various 
 members of the graduating class .as the animals in the 
 show, and to the faculty as constituting the company. 
 This comical view of the situation was only the white cap 
 upon the great wave of earnestness and good will with 
 which all worked to make the exercises a success. At 
 almost any time in the day Professor Brownlee could be 
 seen under a large tree in the grove west of the campus, 
 aiding some prospective orator to prepare for Commence- 
 ment day or for one of the society entertainments. Early 
 and late, sounds harmonious and discordant, issued from 
 Professor Inglis 1 room, where he trained the singers for 
 the approaching gala clays. All seemed anxious to do 
 well and show to the world that the school yet lived, 
 though its shell had been destroyed. 
 
 Unfortunately for the use of the tent, Commence- 
 ment week opened with strong indications of storm. 
 Monday evening was the time for the annual entertain- 
 ment by the undergraduates of the Socratic Literary So- 
 ciety. Undaunted by the threatening weather, the peo- 
 ple came and filled the tent. The program was about 
 one-third completed when the storm broke, accompanied 
 by a furious wind, which extinguished the lights, while 
 the noise of the rain upon the canvas almost extinguished 
 the speakers. As the lights went out Richard T. Lightfoot 
 was giving an oration. He paused until a lantern could 
 be lit and put upon the platform ; then in clear tones and 
 perfect self-possession resumed the line of thought and 
 completed the oration before an audience sitting in dark- 
 ness. Spirits that had risen above the fire could not be 
 couquered by the storm. By this time the wind was less 
 strong, the lamps were lit and the program could be com-
 
 34 
 
 pleted as intended. Next night the moon illumined all 
 the campus as the happy Zetetics gave their exercises un- 
 troubled by the fury of ^Eolus. 
 
 Thursday was clear and hot ; it was evident that old 
 Sol would be present and have a warm interest in the 
 proceedings. His smile was so bright upon our canvas 
 roof that all eyes were dazzled. Look where you would 
 at audience, faculty, class, or orators every one was 
 squinting and smiling ; the facial expression can better 
 be imagined than described. Soon the heat became op- 
 pressive ; white dresses hung limp on perspiring shoul- 
 ders and high collars passed out of fashion. However, 
 speakers overcame all difficulties, and all trials were cheer- 
 fully endured, as hope pictured before us the spacious 
 new building which Illinois should cause to rise Phcenix- 
 like from the ashes of the old. Three years later this 
 dream was realized. 
 
 The fall of '84 was looked forward to with great ap- 
 prehension by those who desired the rebuilding of the 
 normal. After the fire the body of students remained 
 and were an unanswerable argument in favor of its con- 
 tinuation ; now it was very doubtful whether new pupils 
 would come in to fill, the places vacated by the many who 
 each year begin the work of teaching without waiting to 
 complete the course. It scarcely seemed reasonable to 
 expect that young people who were strangers to the in- 
 stitution would choose to enter a school where so poor 
 accommodations were to be had when at the same ex- 
 pense they could find so much better elsewhere. This 
 was the true crisis in the life of the Southern Normal. If 
 the year opened with greatly reduced numbers, a spirit of 
 restlessness and dissatisfaction would be apt to appear, 
 which would be detrimental to good work. This would
 
 35 
 
 result in the loss of the best students, and ultimately in 
 ruin to the school. 
 
 During the summer months the members of the fac- 
 ulty worked in county institutes even more than usual, 
 thus making many new friends for the institution they 
 represented. Yet it was with much foreboding that we 
 approached the time for beginning the eleventh year. 
 The first day set all fears at rest, as old students returned 
 from the various counties, bringing their friends with 
 them to enter upon a course of study. Their bright, hope- 
 ful faces dispelled all doubt, and the work of the year was 
 begun in a spirit of confidence that the life of the school 
 was assured. 
 
 In this year some of the most trying features of our 
 hastily built home had been removed. Plaster had re- 
 placed paper on the walls, so the sounds from one class 
 did not impede the work of its neighbor. The floors had 
 been rendered warmer by boxing up the open space be- 
 low the house, so pupils no longer found it necessary to 
 wear overshoes all day, as in the previous winter. The 
 time passed quickly, filled with incidents laughable and 
 perplexing, but cheered by favorable reports of the prog- 
 ress of the bill asking for an appropriation for rebuilding. 
 This was finally passed by our legislature, and received 
 Governor Orlesby's signature June 25, 1885. If it had 
 passed in time for Commencement the enthusiasm would 
 have been unbounded. 
 
 The twelfth year opened bright with promise. Again 
 new students came in good numbers to fill the places of 
 those who could not return. Classes were large and en- 
 thusiastic, for from the windows could be seen men work- 
 ing on the ruins, cleaning away the debris from the unin- 
 jured foundation, upon which was to be erected a new
 
 36 
 
 and better home for the Southern Normal. Plans for the 
 new building were the topic of greatest interest; and al- 
 though it was evident it could not be ready this year, 
 hope pictured it so vividly that the inconveniences of the 
 present were unnoticed, as all enjoyed in imagination the 
 comforts and delights of the future. This buoyancy of 
 faith was one of the best possible illustrations of what the 
 Apostle Paul pictures for the Christian in Corinthians 4 :- 
 1 8. Commencement passed in the tent with the usual in- 
 cidents, and all went to their homes determined to bring 
 with them the next September as many 'as possible to 
 share the advantages offered by the new building. 
 
 Slowly, it seemed to the waiting school, did the new 
 building near completion ; so great a work requires time 
 if it be well done. It was not until February 24, 1887, 
 that the trustees received the edifice, and it was dedicated 
 with appropriate ceremonies, having been built within the 
 limit of the sum granted. The next Monday it was ready 
 for the happy faculty and students to take possession. 
 
 At first they felt lost in the great hall for study and 
 assembly. Here, from* some positions, their voices called 
 forth echoes which proved very annoying. To remedy 
 this Professor Rocheleau some years later draped cloth 
 from the ceiling near the rear of the hall ; it's pretty light 
 green color harmonized well with the frescoes above, and 
 by it the echoes were restrained. As time passed the 
 green faded, and before its removal the drapery became 
 known by the absurd name of t4 Pa Rocheleau' s washing." 
 
 Commencement of 1887 was largely attended; sev- 
 enteen hundred people were seated in the new assembly 
 hall to enjoy the exercises and to rejoice in the prosperity 
 of Egypt's normal school. Having held its own while 
 passing through the years of adversity, it is not surpris-
 
 37 
 
 ing that the school now entered upon a period of estab- 
 lished increase in numbers and influence. It has never 
 been subject to a "boom ;" but like the corn of the land 
 in which it is situated, it has attained its present size by 
 a constant and healthy growth. 
 
 As the years passed, the roll of alumni increased. 
 Returning to- manifest their allegiance to their Alma Mater 
 as opportunity offered, they noticed with sorrow that the 
 time was fast approaching when Dr. Allyn would no longer 
 be there to welcome home his boys and girls. A strong 
 desire to obtain a large picture of him, to be placed in 
 the parlor of the normal, culminated in 1889 by inducing 
 him to sit for his portrait while on a visit to the east. It 
 was painted by the artist-hand of J. Conant, of life-size, 
 and was given to the normal by the Alumni Association 
 at Commencement in 1891. It now looks from the walls 
 of the parlor with so life-like an expression that old stu- 
 dents feel at horne as they behold the well-remembered 
 form. None too soon was this step taken, for three years 
 later Dr. Allyn had passed away. When the Columbian 
 Exposition drew nigh, the Southern Illinois Normal, true 
 to its progressive policy, took a prominent part in pre- 
 paring the educational exhibits of the state. The plans 
 were laid and the work begun in the last year of Dr. Al- 
 lyn's administration, and successfully carried out the year 
 Professor Hull was at the head. The exhibits being 
 ready and space assigned our school in the Illinois state 
 building, some one must be put in charge who could in- 
 telligently answer questions on the work. It was the 
 unanimous wish of the faculty that the position be so filled 
 as to assist the greatest possible number of our students 
 to visit the exposition and enjoy its educational advantages. 
 It was decided to put two in charge at a time, each to
 
 38 
 
 stay four weeks, but so to appoint that one change came 
 every two weeks. By this arrangement was assured one 
 who was conversant with the exhibit as company for each 
 new man. There being two at a time, every one had op- 
 portunity to use half his time in other parts of the Fair, 
 and yet not leave our work without some one to wel- 
 come those who called at S. I. N. U. headquarters. 
 
 Our cases were arranged around the sides of the 
 space allotted us, thus forming in the center a pretty 
 room ; here were put chairs, desk, writiting material and 
 other comforts for the convenience of friends who called. 
 It made a delightful home for Southern Illinois people 
 who were visiting the great exposition. The praise and 
 awards received by our school exhibit were very gratify- 
 ing to the people of Egypt. At the close of the Fair the 
 cases and matter were brought home, and are now a part 
 of the material used in the departments to which they 
 belong. 
 
 The World's Fair exhibits gave an impetus to the 
 teaching of science in public schools. Many high schools 
 added laboratory work to their old requirements in text- 
 book study. This increased demand made it necessary 
 that our students should have better facilities for prepara- 
 tion while with us than could be afforded by class-rooms, 
 museum, and one laboratory. A plain statement of our 
 needs was made to the legislature in 1895, and an appro- 
 priation of $40,000 was granted for the erection of a 
 building to be used for science work and as a library. 
 This house was completed, as usual, within the limits of 
 the appropriation, and was dedicated to the purposes of 
 education. It contains a gymnasium, four class-rooms, 
 and a library. The better facilities for pursuing studies 
 jn science bring many teachers for post-graduate work
 
 39 
 
 during the summer months. This is . now done with a 
 thoroughness of which the school may well be proud. 
 
 Smoothly has the work gone forward till now it is 
 with surprise we come to our silver anniversary ; it is a 
 time of union and prosperity. Within the school all 
 work harmoniously under the leadership of our friend and 
 president, Dr. D. B. Parkinson. He has been in the 
 faculty from the first, and knows how to deal with the 
 different dispositions there represented. His twenty-five 
 years of efficient service have endeared him to the people 
 of Southern Illinois. In every town many of its promi- 
 nent citizens have been his pupils, and now exert an influ- 
 ence in favor of the school. The formation of the School 
 Council last year has brought into closer union the edu- 
 cational forces of Egypt, for whose uplifting all willingly 
 labor. As we look out we see, not a setting sun casting- 
 its radiance on our section of the state, but behold the 
 sun approaching its meridian splendor. Happy are the 
 teachers who shall henceforth labor in this glorious field !
 
 Our Trustees Past and Present, 
 
 OON after the approval of the act of the Legisla- 
 ture that created the Southern Illinois Normal 
 University, Governor John M. Palmer appointed 
 a Board of Trustees, who were to carry into effect the 
 articles of the act or charter in locating the school and 
 
 *_> 
 
 erecting suitable buildings. These Charter Trustees, as 
 they were afterward called, were : 
 
 Capt. Daniel Hurd of Cairo. 
 
 Gen. Eli Boyer of Olney. 
 
 Col. Thomas M. Harris of Shelbyville. 
 
 Rev. Elihu J. Palmer of Bellville. 
 
 Samuel Flannigan, Esq., of Benton. 
 
 The Board was appointed in 1869. The Trustees 
 entered upon their duties, sought bids from various towns 
 in the region south of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad 
 and after locating the school at Carbondale, let the con- 
 tract to Mr. James M. Campbell to erect a building. 
 Work was begun in the spring of 1870 and the corner 
 stone of the new building was laid May iyth of that year. 
 Work progressed till by an accident Mr. Campbell lost 
 his life in the spring of 1871. 
 
 Mr. Palmer moved from Belleville to Carbondale 
 where he might more easily look after the interests of the 
 building that was in progress. 
 
 On the death of Mr. Campbell work on the building 
 stopped and nothing more was done till the Legislature, 
 then in session, by a new act approved April 15, 1871, 
 created a new Board and carried the work on under con-
 
 S. P. WHEELER. A. C. BROOKINGS. 
 
 ALFRED BAYLISS. 
 
 D. W. HELM.
 
 LIBRARY 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
 
 47 
 
 ditions different from those under which it was started. 
 The new act provided for the appointment of three men 
 known as Building Commissioners, who were to have 
 charge of the completion of the work at Carbondale. Also 
 of the new Insane Asylum that was being built at Anna. 
 The act provided for three Commissioners, two of whom 
 were to be practical builders of whom one was to take 
 charge of the work at Anna and the other at Carbondale, 
 while the third was to be Secretary and Treasurer of the 
 Board. Besides these three the writer finds three other 
 names in the lists as afterwards published. The new 
 Board of Building Commissioners are : 
 
 Hiram Walker, Jonesboro. 
 
 R. H. Sturgess, Vandalia. 
 
 F. M. Malone, Pana. 
 
 John Wood, Cairo. 
 
 Rev. Elihu J. Palmer, Carbondale. 
 
 Nathan Bishop, Marion. 
 
 The first three of these appended their names to the 
 report to the Governor that was sent to the Senate May 
 4, 1873, and hence served to be the part of the Board 
 officially responsible for the erection of the buildings at 
 Anna and Carbondale and the expenditure of the funds 
 donated by the State and the two towns. 
 
 Under an act that was approved May 2, 1873, a set 
 of five Trustees was appointed whose duty it was to take 
 charge of the building as soon as the Building Commis- 
 sioners were through with their work, and proceeded to 
 furnish the building in accordance with the original act, 
 and make other provisions for opening of the school. 
 The following are the first Trustees as appointed by Gov-, 
 ernr John L. Beveridge. 
 
 Hon. Thos. S. Ridgeway, Shawneetown.
 
 42 
 
 Dr. James Robarts, Carbondale. 
 
 Edwin S. Russell, Mt. Carmel. 
 
 Lewis M. Phillips, Nashville. 
 
 Jacob W. Wilkins, Marshall. 
 
 Of this Board Mr. Ridgeway was chosen President, 
 and Dr. Robarts Secretary. Mr. Ridgeway remained 
 President of the Board till his retirement from it in 1893, 
 and Dr. Roberts until he was succeeded as a member of 
 the Board by E. J. Ingersoll in 1895. The other officers 
 of ihis first Board were John G. Campbell, Treasurer 
 and Prof. Charles W. Jerome, Registrar. Mr. Campbell 
 was succeeded as Treasurer by Mr. John Bridges in 1878. 
 Professor Jerome remained Registrar until he retired 
 from the Faculty in 1890, when Prof. John Hull was ap- 
 pointed as his successor. 
 
 Of this first Board three were more personally known 
 to the writer than the others. Hon. T. S. Ridgeway 
 was a banker at his home in Shawneetown and had served 
 as State Treasurer. Dr. Robarts was a prominent phy- 
 sician and surgeon in Carbondale and had served as sur- 
 geon in the army during the war of the rebellion. Mr. 
 L. M. Phillips was a lawyer of note in Nashville. 
 
 On the death of Mr. Phillips Prof. Samuel M. Inglis, 
 Superintendent of the Schools of Greenville, was appoint- 
 ed March 25, 1891, as his successor, his term to expire 
 in March, 1883. Upon the expiration of his term as 
 Trustee he was elected to the chair of Algebra and Arith- 
 metic, taking his seat as a member of the Faculty with 
 the opening of the fall term, 1883. 
 
 In 1882 two hew members were added to the Board. 
 These were Cicero R. Hughes, of Cairo, to succeed Ed- 
 win S. Russell, and Dr. Henry C. Fairbrother, of East 
 St. Louis, to succeed Jacob W. Wilkins. When Profes-
 
 43 
 
 sor Inglis' term expired Governor Hamilton sent in the 
 name of Isaac B. Self as his successor, but there does 
 not appear to be any record of his confirmation by the 
 Senate. The one who did take his place was R. D. 
 Adams of Fairfield. The Board as published in the Cat- 
 logue of 1893-4 is : 
 
 Hon. Thos. S. Ridgeway, Shawneetown. 
 
 Dr. James Robarts, Carbondale. 
 
 Cicero N. Hughes, Cairo. 
 
 Dr. Henry C. Fairbrother, East St. Louis. 
 
 R. D. Adams, Fairfield. 
 
 The next year, 1885, Ezekiel J. I ngersol, of Carbon- 
 dale, was appointed to the place of Resident Trustee, 
 held up to this time by Dr. Robarts. Mr. Ingersoll held 
 this place till Governor Altgeld, in 1893, ma de a change 
 in the personel of the Board. With Mr. Ingersoll was 
 also appointed Hon. Samuel P. Wheeler, of Cairo, who 
 succeeded Cicero N. Hughes, of the same place. 
 
 In the revision of the school law the Legislature of 
 1889 made it one of the duties of State Superintendent of 
 Public Instruction to be Ex-officio Trustee of the South- 
 ern Illinois Normal University, as set forth in Article 16 
 of the Enumeration of His Duties. This brought Hon. 
 Richard Edwards in as a member of the Board for the 
 year 1889-90. The Board had two others changes that 
 year, standing as follows : 
 
 Hon. Thos. S. Ridgeway, Shawneetown. 
 
 E. J. Ingersoll, Carbondale. 
 
 Hon. Samuel J. Wheeler, Springfield. 
 
 Emil Schmidt, Nashville. 
 
 Edward C. Fitch, Albion. 
 
 Hon. Richard Edwards, Springfield, ex-officio. 
 
 And S. T. Brush was chosen Treasurer by the Board.
 
 44 
 
 The only change that is to be noted next year is the 
 name of Hon. Henry Raab, the ex-officio Trustee, by 
 virtue of his election to the office of Superintendent of 
 Public Instruction in place of Hon. Richard Edwards. 
 This year Prof. John Hull succeeded Prof. Jerome as 
 Registrar. 
 
 Two years later, in 1893, when Hon. J. P. Altgeld 
 was inaugurated Governor, Mr. Ridgeway's term expired 
 by limitation, and Mr. Schmidt's death caused another 
 vacancy in the Board. The resignation of the remaining 
 three members was asked for and the entire personnel of 
 the Board was changed, with the exception of Hon. Henry 
 Raab, who, as State Superintendent, was ex-officio mem- 
 ber. The new Board was : 
 
 C. W. Bliss, Hillsboro. 
 
 J. W. Terry, Edwardsville. 
 
 E. C. Baughman, Olney. 
 
 W. R. Ward, Benton. 
 
 S. W. Dunaway, Carbondale. 
 
 The new Board chose Mr. Bliss as President, and 
 Mr. Ward as Secretary, and elected J. M. Evans Treas- 
 urer. 
 
 There was no further change in the Board till 1895, 
 when C. W. Terry, a son of J. W. Terry, was appointed 
 to a place on the Board in place of his father. 
 
 The election of 1804 placed Prof. S. M. Inglis in 
 the State Superintendent's office in place of Mr. Raab, 
 and this brought him into the Board of Trustees again, 
 but thjs time as member ex-officio, by virtue of, his office 
 at Springfield. 
 
 Two years later the election of 1896 changed the 
 State administration, Governor John R. Tanner taking 
 the place of the outgoing Governor, J. P. Altgeld. In
 
 o
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
 
 45 
 
 the matter of the Trustees of this school Governor Tan- 
 ner followed the example of his predecessor and ap- 
 pointed new men in place of the old Board. The Board 
 that was appointed the spring of 189.7 was : 
 
 Hon. S. P. Wheeler, Springfield. 
 
 Col. F. A. Prickett, Carbondale. 
 
 Dr. A, C. Brookings, Du Quoin. 
 
 D. W. Helm, Esq., Metropolis. 
 
 T. O. Johnston, Oregon ; with 
 
 Hon. S. M. Inglis, Springfield, ex-officio. 
 
 At their first meeting the new Board elected Mr. 
 Wheeler President, and Mr. Prickett Secretary, and ap- 
 pointed E. K. Porter to be Treasurer, The only change 
 that has been made in this Board is the appointment just 
 before the close of the session, of Dr. F. C. Vandervoort, 
 of Bloomington, in place of T. O. Johnston, of Oregon, 
 recently deceased. The election of a new State Super- 
 intendent, Hon. Alfred Bayliss, adds also his name to the 
 new Board in place of Hon. S. M. Inglis. 
 
 On the appointment of Professor John Hull to the 
 head of the Faculty, in 1892, Professor D. B. Parkinson 
 became his successor in the Registrar's office, a place he 
 held 'till he was appointed President of the school, when 
 Professor H. W. Shryock was appointed to the office of 
 Registrar by the Board. 
 
 Of the Trustees who have had charge of the school 
 six have died, two after the expiration of their term of 
 office, and four while in office. The first of these was 
 Mr. L. M. Phillips, during the Christmas holidays of 
 1880. The second was Mr. Emil Schmidt, who died 
 February 2, 1893. The third Superintendent, S. M. In- 
 glis, died June i, 1878. The fourth was Mr. T. O. 
 Johnston, who died April 4, 1899. The other two, who
 
 . 46 
 
 died after the expiration of their term of office, were : 
 Dr. James Robarts, July 24, 1890, and Hon. T. S. 
 Ridgeway, November 18, 1897. 
 
 It might be of interest here to say that Governor 
 Tanner offered Mr. Ridgeway the position of Trustee, a 
 position he had held from the beginning of the school, 
 with the exception of four years, but he declined, as he 
 felt his health was not such as to justify him in assuming 
 again the responsibility. 
 
 It might be said, also, that some time during the 
 winter of iSgy-'gS Mr. Rodney D. Adams met with an 
 accident from a fall that, while not causing his death, re- 
 sulted in injuries from which he has not recovered. 
 
 The following is a tabulated list of the men who have 
 served as Trustees of the Southern Illinois Normal Uni- 
 versity, the year of their appointment and when they re- 
 tired : 
 
 Appointed. Retired. 
 
 *Hon. T. S. Ridgeway, Shawneetown 1873 1893 
 
 *Dr. James Robarts, Carbondale 1873 1884 
 
 Edwin S. Russell, Mt. Carmel 1873 1883 
 
 *Le wis M. Phillips, Nashville 1873 1880 
 
 Jacob W. Wilkins, Marshall 1873 1883 
 
 *Hon. Samuel M. Inglis, Greenville 1881 1883 
 
 Cicero N. Hughes, Cairo 1883 1885 
 
 Dr. Henry C. Fairbrother, East St. Louis 1883 1889 
 
 Rodney D. Adams, Fairfield 1883 1889 
 
 Ezekiel J. Ingersoll, Carbondale 1885 1893 
 
 Hon. Samuel P. Wheeler, Cairo 1885 1893 
 
 *Emil Schmidt, Nashville 1889 1893 
 
 Edward C. Fitch, Albion . 1889 1893 
 
 Hon. Richard Edwards, Ex-officio 1889 1891 
 
 Hon. Henry Raab, Ex-offlcio 1891 1895 
 
 C. W. Bliss, Hillsboro 1893 1897 
 
 J. W. Terry, Ed wardsville 1893 1895 
 
 E. C. Bauhman, Olney 1893 1897 
 
 W. R. Ward, Benton 1893 1897 
 
 S. W. Duna way, Carbondale 1893 1897 
 
 C. W. Terry, Ed wardsville 1895 1897 
 
 *Hon. S. M. Inglis, Ex.offlcio 1895 1898
 
 47 
 
 Appointed. Retired. 
 
 Hon. S. P. Wheeler, Springfield 1897 
 
 Col. F. A. Prickett, Carbondale 1897 
 
 Dr. A. C. Brookings, Du Quoin 1897 
 
 D. W. Helm, Metropolis 1897 
 
 *T. O. Johnson, Oregon 1897 1899 
 
 Hon. Alfred Bayliss, Ex-officio 1899 
 
 Dr. F. C. Vandervoort, Bloomington 1899 
 
 *Deceased.
 
 The Influence of the S. I. S. N. U. 
 
 OR one to attempt an estimate of the influence of 
 a school in which he himseli has a part is a some- 
 what difficult task ; but the writer of the aftergo- 
 ing article has been connected with the Southern Illinois 
 State Normal for so short a time, and has had so little to 
 do either with determining the policy of the school, or 
 developing its methods, that he feels that he will be ac- 
 quitted of boastfulness, even though he speaks somewhat 
 strongly concerning the school and its work. The writer 
 would like to have it remembered, too, that he is an 
 Egyptian, and that what he has herein set down with re- 
 gard to the schools of Southern Illinois of twenty-five 
 years ago is written in no spirit of captiousness ; but to 
 understand what the influence of the Southern Normal 
 has been, it is necessary for us to know what the school 
 conditions were when it began its work. 
 
 Many causes co-operated to hold in check the edu- 
 cational work in the southern part of the state. The ma- 
 jority of the settlers came from the slave-holding states, 
 where public education in its modern sense was yet un- 
 dreamt of. When the emigrants from Kentucky and 
 Tennessee broke away trom their old homes and turned 
 their faces toward the northwest, it was not so much that 
 they might find better and cheaper lands, as it was that 
 they might find better educational and social advantages. 
 Our forefathers perhaps formulated their reasons for leav- 
 ing their old homes in the somewhat vague phrase, "We 
 can do better in Illinois." But whether formulated or
 
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 LIBRARY 
 
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 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
 
 49 
 
 not, there was undoubtedly an underlying- conviction that 
 they were escaping from a land that for the poor, at least, 
 had nothing better than intellectual bondage, to a region 
 that gave promise of intellectual freedom. So it came 
 to pass that almost as soon as they were settled 
 in their new homes they began to build school houses and 
 in an earnest, thoughcrude, way to strive for better things. 
 A school, however, is an organism of slow growth. 
 The higher institutions of learning, the great universities, 
 which, mountain-like, send clown a benison of dews and 
 vitalizing showers upon the intellectual lowlands, had not 
 yet upreared themselves. The colleges of Southern Illi- 
 nois were doing a noble but insufficient work. Earnest 
 and able as were the men who wrought in Shurtleff and 
 McKendree, there was an abiding reason why they could 
 not do the work of uplifting the public schools of the 
 southern part of the state. The young man who entered 
 Shurtleff or McKendree did so for the purpose of fitting 
 himself for the law, journalism, medicine, or the minis- 
 try. He might teach a term or two to help pay the ex- 
 penses of his college course, but scarcely one in a hun- 
 dred ever dreamed of making teaching his profession. 
 Here and there one who had begun to teach for the mere 
 purpose oi tiding over the interval until he could hope to 
 make a living by the practice of law, or some other pro- 
 fession, found himself in love with his temporary voca- 
 tion and decided to make it his life-work ; but such an one 
 was the rare exception. It is evident, of course, that a 
 college-bred man must always exert a wholesome influ- 
 ence upon the community in which he lives ; but so far as 
 the public schools are concerned the influence of the edu- 
 cated man in any profession other than teaching, must 
 always be more largely indirect than otherwise. As a
 
 50 
 
 consequence the influence of the college is almost imper- 
 ceptible in the public school. The State Normal at Nor- 
 mal, Illinois, had already begun to do a noble work in 
 the cause of popular education ; but the influence of any 
 school is largely local, and it is doubtful if ten per cent, 
 of the teachers of Southern Illinois had ever even heard 
 of the old State Nornal. 
 
 And thus it was that down to a period as late as 
 twenty-five years ago the work of the public schools in 
 this section continued to be lamentably crude. At the 
 date alluded to there were only three high schools south 
 of the Vandalia Railroad, and, measured by our present 
 standard, not one of these maintained more than a three- 
 years course. The work in the district school was almost 
 inconceivably crude and chaotic. An accurate descrip- 
 tion of the work done in even the best of the country 
 schools of the period reads almost like a caricature, 
 
 Let me sketch briefly, but as acurately as possible, 
 one of the better grades of the country school of some- 
 thing like thirty years ago. A weatherbeaten, dilapi- 
 dated building, twenty by thirty, with a ceiling nine feet 
 in height, sheltered, after a fashion, forty or fifty pupils 
 of all ages. No classification was attempted, and no 
 effort was made to have any uniformity of text books. 
 Each pupil took whatsoever studies he chose to take, or 
 that his parents chose to have him take. Spelling, read- 
 ing, geography, arithmetic, and a nondescript exercise 
 called writing made up the course of study. In the 
 school being described there were at one time two boys 
 who fancied that they were studying grammar ; one used 
 Pinneo as a text, and the other used Clark. The writer 
 well remembers with what evident pride, and yet misgiv- 
 ing, the teacher used to summon to the recitation end of
 
 51 
 
 the room these two earnest seekers after etymological and 
 syntactical truth. While these two budding linguists 
 were strenuously wrestling with pronouns, participles and 
 the like, or with reckless hands inscribing ''bologna-sau- 
 sage" diagrams on the neutral-colored pine board, called 
 by courtesy a black-board, the other pupils would sus- 
 pend all their ordinary tasks to stare at these prodigies 
 of learning, and to "wonder with a foolish face of praise." 
 Now and then a pupil would boldly attack history, but 
 such conduct was usually looked upon as reprehensible. 
 On one occasion an audacious youth presented himself, 
 text-book in hand, and asked to be assigned a lesson in 
 physiology. The teacher took the book, opened it, 
 turned slowly through its pages, finally handed it back, 
 and in a tone that was meant to be bitingly sarcastic, said 
 "I guess you've made a mistake ; this hain't no school 
 for doctors." 
 
 From the above description of one of the best of 
 the country schools of the period it is not hard to infer 
 what must have been the character of the worst. Log 
 school houses, with their puncheon floors and rough-hewn 
 benches, were not uncommon ; and the course of study 
 and the character of the instruction were, more often than 
 otherwise, on the iarther side of the farcical. 
 
 Such were the conditions when, twenty-five years 
 ago, the twelve earnest men and women composing the 
 first faculty took up the work of elevating the standard 
 of popular education in Southern Illinois. I need not 
 take time to describe the conditions as they exist to-day, 
 after twenty-five years of unremitting labor. Those who 
 do institute work, or attend teachers' meetings in all parts 
 of the state, know that there is no section where there is 
 more uniformly excellent work done than in these south-
 
 52 
 
 ern counties. While I have no disposition to disparage 
 the value of other influences that have been at work to 
 promote this almost marvelous progress, yet I believe we 
 may justly claim that, after all, the chief factor has been 
 this professional school with its high ideals. 
 
 The very establishment of the Normal was a declara- 
 tion that teaching was henceforth to be regarded as a pro- 
 fession ; and when once the public had accepted this truth, 
 the battle was half-won ; and it was not many years until 
 the school had made good its declaration by sending out 
 a small army to support and spread the doctrine of pro- 
 fessionalism. 
 
 To understand how strong this army has grown to 
 be, let us examine briefly the official records of the school. 
 
 The total number enrolled has now reached nearly 
 seven thousand. The average length of time spent in 
 the school is about sixty weeks. Of the total number 
 enrolled some paid tuition and were not required to take 
 the pledge to teach. A small number took the pledge, 
 but failed to keep the obligation imposed therein. After 
 making allowance for these two classes, however, there 
 still remain more than six thousand who have taught long 
 enough, at least, to satisfy the obligation ; and out of the 
 number there are hundreds who have made teaching a 
 life work. Our graduates are filling some of the best 
 school positions in the state. During the past year the 
 superintendencies in fourteen of the best cities of South- 
 ern Illinois, and a number of county superintendencies, as 
 well as the best places in many of the best high schools, 
 were held by* Southern Normal graduates. In all, ten 
 have been called to important places in the Normal itself, 
 and some are holding high positions in other states. 
 
 Year by year the school has grown in equipment and
 
 53 
 
 in influence, until to-day it offers splendid opportunities 
 for professional training ; stately buildings, fully equipped 
 chemical, physical and biological laboratories, a library 
 of fourteen thousand volumes, sixteen professors, a spe- 
 cial training department in the hands of experts these 
 form the equipment which 'has been developed here for 
 the training of those who desire to teach. With the in- 
 crease in our facilities fordoing work, and with the growth 
 of a professional spirit among the school men of our sec- 
 tion of the state, there has grown up a feeling that Car- 
 bondale is the educational center for Southern Illinois. 
 In proof of this assertion it might be noted that three of 
 the most widely known school organizations in the state, 
 the Southern Illinois, High School Athletic and Oratorical 
 Association, the Southern Illinois Teachers' Association, 
 and the School Council of Illinois have held their annual 
 meetings at Carbondale. One of these organizations has 
 made Carbondale its permanent home, and another has 
 made a move in the same direction. 
 
 Thus far I have spoken of the influences of the Nor^ 
 mal as reflected in the schools of the region that it was 
 designed to serve, but the larger effect of its influence 
 must be sought for in the life of the people. It is always 
 difficult to tell how far any one factor influences the sum 
 total of the life of a people ; still I think we may fairly 
 claim that the Southern Normal has contributed much to 
 the development of the manhood and womanhood of 
 Southern Illinois ; for through the six thousand workers 
 who have received their training in its halls, and have 
 then gone out to do their work, the school has laid its 
 quickening touch upon the life of every nook and corner 
 of this part of the state.
 
 Our Presidents. 
 
 ROBERT ALLYN, LL. D. 
 
 EW ENGLAND'S greatest contribution to the 
 nation is not manufactured cotton, nor the print- 
 ing press, nor the newspaper, nor even the uni- 
 versity, but the noble, stalwart men she has produced. 
 In the quality of her sons she has enriched the world. 
 Their moral and intellectual fiber has given strength and 
 stability to American character. Their lofty ideals, their 
 unselfish purposes, their exalted patriotism, their tireless 
 energy, their intelligent and intense devotion to duty, 
 have in no small degree influenced our nationality. It is 
 no vain statement to say that the New Englanclers have 
 ever been among the pioneers of progress, and have ably 
 assisted in directing the course of events on this con- 
 tinent. 
 
 The Plymouth colonists, the founders of Boston and 
 the early settlers of the Connecticut valley, were people 
 of humble birth and surroundings of simple manners 
 and generous impulses. Their chief wealth consisted not 
 in gold, nor landed estates, nor slaves, but in practical 
 intelligence and persevering industry. They also had in 
 a marked degree an exalted sense of honor, profound 
 convictions, and magnificent courage. Their descendants 
 for several generations have been men and women of he- 
 roic mold, of forceful personalities in private and public 
 affairs. 
 
 Nature has not been so luxuriantly bountiful in New 
 England as in more southern latitudes of this country.
 
 55 
 
 With unfavorable agricultural conditions, such as sterile 
 soil and adverse climate, the natural resources were 
 necessarily limited. But the early New Englanders were 
 not to be discouraged, and their inventive genius and in- 
 domitable will eventually surmounted all obstacles to their 
 advancement. The commercial instinct was aroused and 
 various employments were created. The forests were 
 cleared and the lumber sold abroad or exchanged for the 
 products of other colonies ; extensive fisheries were estab- 
 lished for a thousand miles along the coast ; swift streams 
 and rivers were utilized for milling, and towns by the 
 hundred sprang up and became the centers of manufacur- 
 ing and commercial activity. 
 
 This experience of struggling with the stern condi- 
 tions which confronted them, and adapting themselves to 
 their peculiar environments, contributed no small part to 
 the formation of that sturdy and truly remarkable char- 
 acter for which the New Englander has ever been noted. 
 Patience, self-reliance and heroic strength came through 
 conquering difficulties, and were a rich legacy to the gen- 
 erations that have since made New England famous. 
 
 During all this period of industrial expansion, the 
 cultivation of the ennobling virtues was not neglected. 
 The lessons of honesty, sobriety, truthfulness, love of 
 knowledge, and respect for the rights of others, were 
 taught by precept and example. Puritan intolerance gave 
 way to liberty of conscience and the spirit of brotherhood, 
 as taught by Roger Williams. The religious element in 
 New England life has always been prominent, and its 
 growth and influence have not been retarded by political 
 and social hindrances. Here, indeed, has the church 
 been a tower of strength in influencing individual charac- 
 ter and shaping public policies.
 
 56 
 
 Next to religion, education has been prized by the 
 people of New England. In this sphere of activity sub- 
 stantial progress was made in colonial days. Educational 
 needs were early recognized, and colleges were estab- 
 lished that have steadily grown in usefulness and power. 
 Harvard, Yale, Dartmouth, Wesleyan, Bowdoin, Brown, 
 Williams and Amherst all flourished as centers of intel- 
 lectual light in New England. Later on the public school 
 system was organized and has exerted a commanding in- 
 fluence in the nation. The normal school idea, which 
 has revolutionized educational methods, had its inception 
 in the brain of Horace Mann, a typical New Englander, 
 a man of noble character, and an educator of great re- 
 nown. 
 
 His friend and co-worker, Robert Allyn, the subject 
 of this sketch, was a descendant of the best New England 
 stock, his ancestors being primarily of English blood. 
 He was eminently well-born. The intelligence, high pur- 
 pose and genuine piety of a score of generations were 
 his inheritance. Those personal traits so characteristic of 
 the cultured and refined people of the eastern states, and 
 which had been developed and nurtured by decades of 
 disciplinary experience peculiar to the time and locality, 
 were his in extraordinary measure. 
 
 Born at Ledyard, New London county, Conn., Jan- 
 uary 25, 1817, his boyhood was spent on the farm and 
 his early education was gained in the public schools. He 
 loved study, and while very young formed the habit of 
 reading good books, many of which were procured from 
 the town library of his native place. Even when a boy 
 he read with intelligent interest the standard books of 
 literature, and the impressions received from this source 
 were lasting and effective. This habit, doubtless, had
 
 57 
 
 much to do with the formation of his character, as it cre- 
 ated new ideals, enriched his thought, stimulated his im- 
 agination, and enlarged his mental horizon. A well sus- 
 tained public library is a reliable intellectual pulse of a 
 community. Like the public school, and the college, its 
 blessings are not only immediate but far-reaching in their 
 influence. The college libraries of New England were 
 pioneers in fostering a love for literature, and there the 
 trend of many a grand career received its first direction 
 and impulse. 
 
 Supplementing his educational attainments by one 
 year's study at Bacon Academy in the neighboring town 
 of Colchester, he began his life work of teaching at the 
 age of seventeen in East Lynn within his native county. 
 After teaching one year he entered Wesleyan Academy at 
 Wilbraham, Mass., where he finished his preparation for 
 college. In 1837, being twenty years of age, he began 
 his college course at Wesleyan University, Middletown, 
 Conn., where he pursued his studies for four years, 
 graduating with distinction in 1841. He was especially 
 commended for his acquirements in methaphysics and 
 mathematics. 
 
 His Alma Mater is a prominent institution of learn- 
 ing and many of her graduates have been and are among 
 the most talented and representative men of the nation. 
 Bishops, educators, editors, senators, governors and 
 jurists belong to this noted galaxy of great men. Mid- 
 dletown may justly be called the cradle of educational 
 methodism in America. Syracuse, Northwestern, and 
 De Pauw Universities, McKendree College and the 
 "Wesleyans" of Ohio, Illinois, Iowa and Kansas, are the 
 offspring of this venerable institution. 
 
 Immediately after graduation, having been elected 
 to the professorship of mathematics in Wilbraham Acad-
 
 58 
 
 emy, where he had fitted himself for college, he accepted 
 the position for which he was so admirably prepared. He 
 filled this chair very acceptably till his resignation two 
 years later to enter the ministry. 
 
 Having joined the Methodist church two years be- 
 fore entering college, diid designing to spend his life in 
 the ministry, much of his study had been along theologi- 
 cal lines. He devoted himself almost exclusively to 
 ministerial work for two years, preaching at Colchester, 
 Conn., when he was recalled to Wilbraham Academy 
 this time as its honored head. He served in this capacity 
 three years with marked ability. This was his first ex- 
 ecutive experience in educational work. His success 
 here showed that leadership was his forte, and determined 
 the line along which he was to win his laurels in future 
 years . 
 
 He next accepted the presidency of a Methodist 
 Academy in East Greenwich, R. I. His labors there 
 covered a period of six years and gave eminent satisfac- 
 tion. He also served two terms in the legislature of this 
 state. 
 
 Dr. Allyn now stood in the front ranks as an educa- 
 tor and was honored with the office of State Superinten- 
 dent of Public Instruction of Rhode Island, where he 
 attained great distinction by his three and a half years of 
 service. In 1857, at the age of forty, he came West to 
 Ohio, and assumed the professorship of ancient lan- 
 guages in Ohio University at Athens, where he remained 
 two years and resigned to accept the presidency of Wes- 
 leyan Female College in Cincinnati. After four years 
 successful labor in this field, he was elected president of 
 McKendree College, Lebanon, 111. 
 
 So, in the maturity of his powers and the height of
 
 59 
 
 his reputation he came to give the balance of his long' life 
 and able efforts to the cause of education in our much 
 loved state of Illinois. He remained in Lebanon eleven 
 years, from 1863 to 1874. Here his strong personality 
 infused new life into the institution and resulted in more 
 than doubling both the attendance and the endowment of 
 the college. The marked success of his labors attracted 
 the attention of the leading educators of the state, and he 
 was selected as first president of the Southern Illinois 
 Normal University, which had just been established at 
 Carbondale. Thenceforth he was our own till "God 
 took him." For twenty years he went in and out 
 amongst us an elevating and beneficent influence for 
 good . 
 
 His personal character was lofty and pure, his 
 thought profound and broad, his conversation instructive, 
 elegant and chaste. He was a man of high ideals, of 
 tender sentiment, of strong intellectual endowments. The 
 breadth of his thought and the wide range of his mental 
 capabilities were remarkable. 
 
 Much of his greatness lay in the versatility of his 
 powers. He was a clear and vigorous writer, using 
 always the purest English, imparting to his productions 
 a scholarly and stately style which was much admired. 
 As a preacher and lecturer he impressed the public with 
 his deep learning and genuine moral worth. Long will 
 his baccalaureate sermons be remembered by the hun- 
 dreds of students who have heard them. Many of his 
 printed sermons might be called masterpieces of liter- 
 ature, abounding in grand thought and exalted sentiment. 
 Whether in the pulpit, on the lecture platform, or as a 
 contributor to newspapers and magazines, he always ex- 
 pressed himself in the refinements of rhetoric. As a
 
 60 
 
 teacher he realized the great dignity and responsibility of 
 his profession. His rich stores of knowledge, coupled 
 with an ardent love for young manhood and womanhood, 
 created in the school a benign and invigorating atmos- 
 phere. From his daily readings he constantly gave to 
 his pupils the best thoughts of the greatest men. He 
 was able to bring out the essential features of a subject 
 in a logical and orderly manner, placing facts and princi- 
 ples before his students with clearness and force. His 
 long experience in dealing with the young gave him a full 
 understanding of youthful nature, and his abundant 
 patience with the shortcomings and blunders incident to 
 immature judgment and the impetuosity of youth, en- 
 deared him to the hearts of his pupils. He had the rare 
 faculty of knowing all the students under his care, and of 
 remembering names and faces always. His warm grasp 
 of the hand and kindly word of sympathy, or interest, 
 sent a glow to the heart and a light to the eye of many a 
 struggling youth and maiden. Deliberate and persistent 
 wrong doing found in him no apologist nor defender. 
 His ''righteous wrath"" against evil exhibited the strong 
 force of his character quite as fully as did his love of the 
 good and pure. Toward his associate teachers he was 
 always courteous and just, thoughtful of their interests, 
 and helpful in their work. Never dictatorial nor despotic, 
 he gave to each his due mead of appreciation and praise. 
 
 He possessed administrative talents of high order, 
 and in his strong hand the machinery of government 
 worked with but little friction. Of commanding presence 
 and possessing in a rare degree the dignity of true man- 
 liness, his fitness for authority and leadership was never 
 questioned. 
 
 Dr. Allyn had a comprehensive grasp of affairs. His 
 foresight was statesmanlike so keen and penetrating
 
 61 
 
 that it amounted almost to prophecy. He was in the 
 fore-front not only in recognizing the educational needs 
 of the state, but in seeing the possibility of suppK -ing 
 them. Twenty years ago he advocated the establishment 
 of five normal schools in Illinois ; and to-day we see the 
 fruition of his wise counsel in the legislative acts of recent 
 years providing for three new normal schools in addition 
 to the two already organized. 
 
 He was a member of the National Educational As- 
 sociation, and also of the National Council of Education, 
 whose membership was limited to sixty of the most active 
 and prominent educators of the nation. 
 
 His educational career was wrought out in five states, 
 and covered the exceptionally long period of more than 
 half a century. His acquaintance was necessarily exten- 
 sive, and his student friends are to be found in nearly 
 every state in the Union, and in some countries across 
 the sea. 
 
 Having passed his seventy-fifth birthday, he retired 
 from active labor, carrying with him to his quiet home- 
 life the sincere affection of those who were intimately as- 
 sociated with him, and the respectful esteem of all. 
 
 This sketch would be incomplete without the addition 
 of a few words concerning the home life of Dr. Allyn. 
 Every man displays the qualities of his manhood in the 
 family circle and home environment. Selfishness, ill 
 temper and a despotic spirit were unknown at his fire- 
 side. He was the king and high priest of his household, 
 yet ever patient, kind, forbearing and affectionate. He 
 was married at the age of twenty-four to Miss Emeline 
 Huntington Denison, who died in 1844, leaving two 
 small children, Charles and Emma, bereft of a mother's 
 care. He afterwi-.rcrs married Miss Mary Buddington,
 
 62 
 
 "who adorned his home and shared his honors for many 
 years. She was the mother of three children, Joseph, 
 Ella, and Hattie, of whom the first two are still living-. 
 Mrs. Allyn was a woman of refinement, and presided 
 over the home with dignity and grace. She aided very 
 materially in maintaining the high social position of her 
 husband. The oldest daughter, Emma, after teaching sev- 
 eral years in Illinois Female College at Jacksonville, mar- 
 ried Mr. William Hypes, of Lebanon, and went back to the 
 old home to live; so, at the death of Mrs. Allyn, October 
 20, 1879, the management and cares of the household 
 fell upon the capable shoulders of her daughter Ella, who 
 proved a gracious hostess, and nobly did the honors of 
 her father's home. Four years after the death of Mrs. 
 Allyn another great sorrow shadowed his heart, when the 
 sickle of the grim reaper touched the youngest of the 
 family, his lovely daughter Hattie, and this fair, sweet 
 flower was removed from his home to bloom in the gar- 
 dens above. 
 
 u Oh, not in cruelty, not in wrath 
 
 The reaper came that day ; 
 'Twas an angel visited the green earth 
 
 And took the flower away." 
 
 After a little more than a year of rest from anxious 
 toil and corroding care this venerable schoolmaster, sur- 
 rounded by loving family and friends, and with honors 
 thick upon him, passed to his eternal rest and final reward. 
 "God's finger touched him, and he slept." His name 
 will ever shed a halo around the university over which he 
 presided so efficiently and so long. The Alumni will ever 
 cherish his memory and hold in reverence the name ot 
 Robert Allyn, the beloved father of this institution . 
 
 "To live in hearts we leave behind 
 Is not to die."
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
 
 JOHN HULL.
 
 63 
 JOHN HULL, A. M. 
 
 Professor John Hull, the second President of the 
 Southern Illinois State Normal University, was born in 
 Marion county, Illinois, February 6, 1839. The home 
 of his parents was near Salem, not far from the home- 
 stead of the parents of Colonel William Jennings Bryan. 
 He was fortunate in the fact that kind providence saw 
 fit to place him, in the beginning of his career, in one 
 of the strongest counties, educationally, in Illinois ; a 
 county which has furnished more students to, which has 
 had more graduates to its credit, and has taken more 
 honors in the Southern Illinois State Normal University 
 than any other county, save Jackson. Here, in a log 
 school house with the then usual puncheon benches, and 
 the stern, spectacled "master," with his rule, hickory 
 switch and ink-horn, John Hull learned the elements of 
 education and laid deep and firm the foundation for an 
 honored an influential career. 
 
 In 1857 he entered the State Normal School in Nor- 
 mal, 111., and with characteristic thoroughness and indus- 
 try mastered the course in three years, graduating with 
 honors. He was immediately made principal of the Sa- 
 lem, 111., public schools, and such was his success, even 
 at his old home, that he was called to a place as teacher 
 of mathematics in the Illinois State Normal, which chair 
 he filled with eminent satisfaction until 1865, when the 
 Bloomington schools were placed in his charge. Although 
 he was then but twenty-three years of age, he managed 
 them for two years with signal success. Recognizing his 
 unusual ability, Brewer & Tiliston, then one of the largest 
 publishing houses in the country, offered him the general 
 western agency for their publications. While his prefer- 
 ence was for school work proper, the large increase in
 
 64 
 
 salary tempted him to abandon his profession for a time. 
 But the citizens of Bloomington were not content to leave 
 him entirely out of the management of their schools, and 
 he was elected a member of the Board of Education of 
 that city, in which capacity he served four years, years 
 marked by notable improvement in the even then excel- 
 lent system of schools there. 
 
 In 1868 he founded "The Schoolmaster, " afterward 
 "The Chicago Schoolmaster'" and still later "The Illi- 
 nois Schoolmaster." Through this recognized authority 
 on the theory and practice of teaching Professor Hull be- 
 came known throughout the country. Here he was 
 trained in that terse, accurate, comprehensive style which 
 made his educational epigrams so much quoted and 
 which has made him so much sought as a writer on edu- 
 cational subjects throughout the country in the education- 
 al press. It was during this time, 1869-1875, that he 
 was County Superintendent of Schools of McLean Coun- 
 ty, the largest and richest county, other than Cook, in 
 the state. By a close study of the practical needs of the 
 public schools under his charge, he not only put McLean 
 County in the front rank, educationally, but gathered a 
 vast deal of experience and practical ideas, which have 
 been invaluable to the hundreds of teachers who have 
 gone out into the public schools of the state from the 
 normal training system which he organized and direct 
 supervision of which he retained as long as connected 
 with this institution. 
 
 It was in 1875 Professor Hull was elected to a chair 
 in the Southern Illinois State Normal University. He 
 was immediately recognized as one of the strongest mem- 
 bers of the faculty, and so thorough was his work, and so 
 patent his ability in all lines of school work, that upon
 
 65 
 
 the resignation of Dr, Robert Allyn in 1892, after an ex- 
 tensive canvass of the country for a worthy successor to 
 the honored and eminently successful retiring President, 
 the Board of Trustees tendered the place to Prof. John 
 Hull and he was inaugurated as regent. The exhibit of 
 the Southern Illinois State Normal University at the 
 World's Fair that year, prepared by Regent Hull, at- 
 tracted the attention of the educational world, and 
 brought the school into worldwide renown. 
 
 During all these years Protessor Hull had been prom- 
 inent in the educational societies of the state, and was 
 always the personal friend and advisor of the succeeding 
 State Superintendent of Public Instruction. Although 
 not a politician in tne usual sense of the word, and not 
 ambitious for public office, he was several times promi- 
 nently mentioned for the .office of State Superintendent of 
 Public Instruction, and although urged by his friends to 
 allow his name to be used, he made no effort to secure 
 the nomination. He was, in 1873-' 74, chairman of the ex- 
 ecutive committee of the "County Superintendents' As- 
 sociation." He was also chairman of the executive com- 
 mittee of the "State Teachers' Association" in 1873, 
 and was made president of this organization in 1874. In 
 1876 he received the degree ot A. M., pro merito, from 
 the Illinois Wesleyan University. 
 
 Professor Hull severed his connection with the South- 
 ern Illinois State Normal University in 1893, anc ^ to ^ a 
 place as president of the State Normal School at River 
 Falls, Wisconsin. After serving this school for one year 
 the condition of his health caused him to resign and he 
 went into the Rocky Mountains. He is now editing a 
 daily paper in New Whatcom, Washington.
 
 66 
 
 HARVEY W. EVEREST, A. M., LL. D. 
 
 Few men have come into closer touch with the great 
 body of people whose lives needed the uplift that comes 
 from a great soul than has Dr. H. W. Everest. 
 
 Dr. Everest is a native New Yorker. He was born 
 amid the rugged Adirondacks, in Sussex county, near the 
 village of Hudson, May 10, 1831. 'Amid these charac- 
 teristic highlands he spent his early youth, his parents 
 having moved from New England. His lot was the com- 
 mon lot of all farmers' boys of that period and of that 
 region. 
 
 The common schools of those days were very com- 
 mon. But such as they were they gave our friend, the 
 good Doctor, an impulse which has kept him moving for 
 more than half a century. At the age of sixteen he had 
 progressed far enough with his studies to justify the au- 
 thorities in placing him in charge of one of these schools. 
 At the end of one term enough money had been saved to 
 
 O J 
 
 enable him to attend school at Crown Point on Lake 
 Champlain. Here he spent one term. This was fol- 
 lowed by another term in the teacher's calling, and at the 
 age of eighteen he emigrated to Ohio. Here he lost no 
 time in finding his way to tne Geauga Seminary, a sec- 
 ondary school located at a place in .Geauga county called 
 Chester Cross Roads. 
 
 There was in attendance at this seminary another 
 poor young man whose hard condition in the wilds of 
 Ohio had begotten in him the determination to get out of 
 life all there is in it for one who is willing to pay the price 
 therefor. This young man was James Abram Garfield. 
 Garfield and Everest were about the same age, and there 
 soon sprang up a very strong attachment between them, 
 which ripened into a brotherly love that grew stronger as
 
 H. W. EVEREST.
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
 
 67 
 
 the years went by till that dreary September day, 1 88 1 , 
 when the martyr President breathed his last in the cottage 
 by the sea. 
 
 Dr. Everest remained in the seminary but a few 
 terms ; from there he came to Illinois and taught school 
 near the present city of Rock Island. 
 
 In the spring of 1853 we find him in attendance upon 
 Hiram College, in Northeastern Ohio, where he remained 
 two years. Being in need of funds he now opened a se- 
 lect school. When the term was finished he took charge 
 of a church at Rome, Ashtabula county. From early 
 life he had drunk deeply at the fountain of religious truth. 
 His philosophy of man's religious duty is very simple, 
 and he was able always to come near to any one who 
 needed sympathy and help in his religious life. 
 
 It was while serving the church at Rome that he was 
 selected by the Christian church as a suitable person to 
 to receive a collegiate and Biblical education from a fund 
 accruing from the sale of song books published by Alex- 
 ander Campbell, of Bethany College, West Virginia. He 
 repaired to Bethany College in due season and entered 
 upon his duties as a student. This was in the dark days 
 of the 'SG'S, and it was not long before he found that his 
 anti-slavery views were not acceptable to the manage- 
 ment of the school. He and nine other -Northern stu- 
 dents were threatened by a pro-slavery mob, and feeling 
 that very little genuine religious growth could come out 
 of such conditions, he returned to Hiram College as 
 teacher of natural science. 
 
 Here he remained studying and teaching till the sum- 
 mer of "60. During these years as a teacher and stu- 
 dent in Hiram he was intimately associated with Garfield, 
 who was president of the school. In the year of 1860
 
 68 
 
 he entered Oberlin College in the senior year. He had 
 previously married a Miss Sarah A. Harrison, of Paines- 
 ville, Ohio. In the summer of 1861 he graduated from 
 Oberlin in the classical course. War had broken out in 
 the early part of '61, and Garfield felt that his country's 
 call should be answered, and so he resigned the presi- 
 dency of Hiram. 
 
 Upon the resignation of Garfield Dr. Everest was 
 chosen as president. He remained at the head of this 
 school from '61 to '64. During this time Garfield was 
 seeing a good deal of actual service, and being an excel- 
 lent scholar and skilled in the art of composition, he would 
 weekly write his experiences and observations to the 
 school. The letters were read from the platform before 
 the assembled school, and were of no little interest. 
 
 Dr. Everest resigned the presidency of Hiram in 
 1864 to accept the presidency of Eureka College in Illi- 
 nois. . Here he remained for eight years. The school 
 greatly prospered under his charge, and many a preacher, 
 teacher, or other professional man in Northern Illinois, 
 recalls his school-days under Dr. Everest in Eureka. 
 
 In 1872 he resigned the presidency of Eureka and 
 accepted the charge of the Christian church in Spring- 
 field, 111. After two years here as pastor of the church 
 he was called to a chair in Kentucky University, Lexing- 
 ton, Ky. Here he remained two years and returned to 
 Illinois and took up the pastorate of the Christian church 
 at Normal. At the end of one year as pastor of the 
 church at Normal he was called to the presidency of Eu- 
 reka, where he served five years. He was, therefore, 
 president of Eureka College thirteen years in all. 
 
 In 1 88 1 we find him president of Butler University, 
 Indiana, where he remained six years. While here he
 
 69 
 
 received a call to the presidency of Garfield University, 
 Wichita, Kansas. This was the most flattering educa- 
 tional field in which Dr. Everest had ever labored. A 
 magnificent building had been erected. The field of work 
 was uncontested, and for the first few years everything 
 promised wonderful results. Through criminally bad 
 management of the finances by the accredited financial 
 agent, accompanied by an unparalleled collapse in real 
 estate values throughout the entire west, the school was 
 forced to scale down its expenses and finally was com- 
 pelled to close its doors. Dr. Everest struggled man- 
 fully to keep the school on its feet, but having no mon- 
 eyed interest to call upon, he was forced to yield to the 
 inevitable. 
 
 Dr. Everest then took charge of the Christian church 
 in Hutchison, Kas., where he was serving, when in the 
 spring of '93 the Board of Trustees of the Southern 
 Illinois Normal University selected him from among a 
 score or more applicants for the presidency of that insti- 
 tution. He took up the duties of the office in September, 
 1893, arj d for four years he directed with rare tact and 
 good judgment the interests of the school. 
 
 Dr. Everest entered upon his duties by a ready re- 
 sponse to the calls from County Superintendents and 
 city Principals to lecture to popular audiences. He had 
 the power to take the simplest subject and make of it a 
 most attractive one. He had unusual ability to reach 
 conclusions from given premises. He took great delight 
 in discussing the theory of the evolution of the material 
 universe. He was also fond of discussing scientific ques- 
 tions, especially those relating to astronomy and physics: 
 While holding the position of President of the Normal 
 University he preached many powerful orthodox sermons.
 
 70 
 
 He divided his time among all the Protestant churches 
 known in Southern Illinois. He was not narrow, but 
 was in the best sense of that word "broadguaged." 
 
 During the four years in which Dr. Everest directed 
 the school there was a steady movement of the school to- 
 ward its true end. A very elegant new building fitted 
 for a library, gynasium, museum, and physical and chem- 
 ical labratories was built ; and in many ways the school 
 became better known to the people of Egypt as the best 
 and only place in which the young persons of this region 
 may fit themselves for the noble profession of teaching. 
 
 At the end of four years because of ill health he 
 severed his connection with the school and took the 
 position of Dean of the Bible College in Drake Univer- 
 sity, where he now is. He is still in feeble health, but 
 thinks there are indications of improvement. 
 
 Dr. Everest did considerable writing while at the 
 head of the Normal. His little book, "The New Educa- 
 tion," is a sparkling little volume. He also began while 
 in the Normal another book since published "The 
 Science and Pedogy of Ethics." Several years ago he 
 published "The Divine Demonstration." 
 
 The foregoing is a brief sketch of the life of a man 
 who has been unusually active in doing for others. He 
 is a man of broad culture, noble purposes, and definite 
 aims. He holds malice toward none and has charity for 
 all. May he live long and prosper is the wish of a host 
 of very warm friends in Egypt. 
 
 D. B. PARKINSON, P!i. D. 
 
 "There is nothing more kingly than kindlier, 
 There is nothing more royal than truth." 
 
 These words can be said of no one more truly than
 
 D. B. PARKINSON.
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
 
 77 
 
 of Dr. Daniel B. Parkinson, who has shown himself to be 
 royal in truth and kindness. 
 
 He was born September 18, 1845, on a f arm near 
 Highland, 111. His father is a prominent farmer of Mad- 
 ison county, and is still living on the old home place, pur- 
 chased in 1844. Like the majority of farmers' sons, his 
 summers were spent in work on the farm, and in them he 
 seems to have inhaled in the winds of the prairies the 
 love of nature and of nature's God. 
 
 During the winters he walked two miles to attend 
 the little district school, where his sunny smile was wel- 
 comed by all, and on the play-ground could be heard his 
 hearty laugh, and although full of boyish fun, he be- 
 trayed an earnestness in his work and a love of the just 
 and right which has been one of the marked characteris- 
 tics in his later life. 
 
 When he was eighteen his desire for greater knowl- 
 edge than could be obtained in the little home school was 
 
 o 
 
 SQ strong that his parents sent him to McKendree Col- 
 leo-e, Lebanon, 111., where he first came under the influ- 
 
 > / 
 
 ence of our beloved Dr. Robert Allyn, who was at that 
 time president of the college. 
 
 Then was formed a very dear friendship between 
 teacher and pupil that was always strong. 
 
 Dr. Parkinson attended the college only during the 
 winter terms for several years. It was during his first 
 year he professed Christianity, and he has since '74 
 been an active member of the M. E. church of Carbon- 
 dale. 
 
 In the winter of '65 and '66 he taught his first 
 school in the rural district near home. He experienced 
 all the gladness and sorrows of long walks and hard 
 work, but from early childhood the art of looking on the
 
 72 
 
 "bright side" had been cultivated, so amid the hardships 
 he found the goodness and gladness and retained the "in- 
 ward sunshine, outward joy," so essential to the good 
 teacher, but through it all there was the longing for higher 
 work, and he entered McKendree again and graduated in 
 the class of '68. 
 
 The following year he was principal of the Carmi 
 public schools. His interest in natural sciences growing 
 all the time, the next autumn he was elected to the chair 
 of mathe matics and natural sciences in Jennings Semi- 
 nary, Aurora, 111., where his tact and dealing with young 
 men and young women was very noticeable. So success- 
 ful was he here that he remained for three years, when his 
 love oi learning again compelled him to seek for greater 
 knowledge, and he entered the Northwestern University 
 at Evanston, 111., doing special work in physics and 
 chemistry. On July i, 1874, so proficient had he become 
 in these branches that he was offered the chair of natural 
 philosophy and chemistry in the Southern Illinois Normal 
 University, then about to be opened, which he accepted. 
 In addition to this work he has taught geology and as- 
 tronomy. The love of learning he himself has he arouses 
 in his students. 
 
 The wonders he showed us of the earth, the air, or 
 the heavens, we always felt, through his instructions, were 
 but the wonders that God had placed upon and around 
 the earth for the use of man and the uplifting of His 
 kingdom. 
 
 The trips to the coal mines for the study of the lay- 
 ers of coal, the rainbows upon the wall, the searching 
 out of the stars, were all earnestness with the beauty and 
 glory to enhance the hard tasks. 
 
 In 1874 McKendree College conferred upon Dr. 
 Parkinson the title of Master of Arts.
 
 73 
 
 On the 28th clay of December, 1876, he was mar- 
 ried to Miss Julia F. Mason, who had resigned her 
 position of model school teacher the previous term. The 
 following summer, in company with his wife, he conduct- 
 ed a Teachers' Institute among the Cherokee Indians, 
 near Talequah, Indian Territory. His experience among 
 the Indians was new and interesting, with his love of 
 nature he soon brought out the fact that they, with 
 wonderful skill, were able to draw any color the objects 
 taught them. In the summer of '79, his wife's health 
 failing, he took her West, where she died August 6th in 
 San Jose, Cal., leaving a boy of one year and eight 
 months to be cared for. 
 
 In '75 Dr. Parkinson was appointed by the Super- 
 intendent of Public Instruction of Illinois to examine can- 
 didates for state certificates. 
 
 With all of his other duties he has been active in the 
 Y. M. C. A. work. It has been his custom to meet with 
 the young men of the school for Bible study, and many 
 young men away from home needing the advice of a true 
 Christian man have been aided by the talks on duty. In 
 July of '76 he was sent as a delegate to Toronto, Canada, 
 to meet an international committee of the Young Men's 
 Christian Association. 
 
 Dr. Parkinson on July 30, 1884, was married in Mt. 
 Vernon, 111., to Miss Alice Raymond, the art teacher of 
 the University. Two children have blessed this reunion, 
 Raymond and Alice. 
 
 For eighteen years he served as secretary of the 
 faculty and his duties were not neglected for the Secre- 
 tary's book of the faculty is a record well kept. 
 
 In '92 he was made Registrar of the Normal, a 
 position he held for five years. In '96 he was made
 
 74 
 
 President and in '97 McKendree again gave honors to 
 her son, P. H. D. was added to his name. When in '98 
 it became necessary to fill the chair of President, vacated 
 by Dr. Everest, nothing seemed more natural to the 
 friends of Dr. Parkinson than that he should be offered 
 the presidency. 
 
 Dr. Parkinson is filling the chair as president of the 
 university with the same zeal and tact that he has exhib- 
 ited during his remarkable career as a school man, and 
 our university has long since taken rank as one of the 
 leading schools of the day. 
 
 Entering the university as a young man, he has won 
 his way into the hearts of thousands by the exercise of 
 those qualities which have "made him a stimulating force 
 among present, and a pleasant memory with past asso- 
 ciates." 
 
 While, as students, we remember him as a man of 
 energy, pleasantness, magnetism, firmness and earnest- 
 ness, and yet through it all, and above all, we see in the 
 wearing of his life, the golden threads of charity and 
 courtesy, that charity that suffereth long and is kind, that 
 courtesy which is 
 
 "To do and say 
 
 The kindest things in the kindest way." 
 
 And we, the Alumni of the S. I. S. N. U., trust 
 that Dr. Parkinson may occupy the chair of presi- 
 dent of our university long years to come, and may 
 the sweet "peace that passeth all understanding" be with 
 him.
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
 
 N 
 
 m 
 
 O
 
 Zetetic Literary Society, 
 
 HEN the first session of the Southern Illinois 
 Normal University opened in the fall of 1874, a 
 Young Men's Debating Club formed early in 
 the term, but it was thought best to have a Literary So- 
 ciety also. Dr. Allyn was in favor of forming two socie- 
 ties ; one for the young men and one for the young women. 
 At this time there was but one woman in the faculty, and 
 one student told the President when he was urging her to 
 assist him in carrying out this plan that '"when you give 
 us girls teachers of our own sex, and separate class- 
 rooms, I will do what I can to form a woman's society, 
 but as long as the class-rooms are open to both sexes, 
 with men as teachers, I will take no part in separating 
 the social and literary life of the school." This idea pre- 
 vailed in both faculty and school, and on this broad and 
 liberal platform the first Literary Society of the Normal 
 was founded. During the latter part of September a 
 number of preliminary meetings were held, which were 
 followed by a formal meeting in the northwest corner on 
 the first floor of the Normal building the evening of Oc- 
 tober 9. 
 
 The minutes of the preliminary meetings give a clear 
 idea of the founding of the Zetetic Literary Society : 
 
 On September 9 a petition was presented to the 
 Board of Trustees and Faculty of the Southern Illinois 
 Normal University praying for a hall and asking permis- 
 sion to organize a Literary Society in said university. 
 The minutes show that R. H. Flannagan, one of the stu-
 
 76 
 
 dents, had received an answer to this petition, granting 
 permission to the petitioners to organize a society for lit- 
 erary purposes. 
 
 Whereupon the following students assembled : 
 
 Robert H. Flannagan. L. M. Kane. 
 
 John Quails. J. N. Law. 
 
 J. M. Reeder. S. A. Maxwell. 
 
 Heber Robarts. Mary Wright. 
 
 I). G. Thompson. J. M. Osborne. 
 
 N. Ellen Sherman. J. R. Dean. 
 
 C. E. Evans. S. E. Spragg. 
 
 A committee was appointed to draft a constitution 
 and by-laws, and they adjourned to meet in one week. 
 They met at the appointed place and time and completed 
 the organization of a society by adopting the constitution 
 and by-laws as presented, and so became an integral part 
 of the Normal work. They then proceeded to elect offi- 
 cers, as follows : Miss May Wright, President ; Mr. He- 
 ber Robarts, Vice President; and Miss N. E. Sherman, 
 Secretary. The President, on taking the chair and being 
 called on for a speech, said: kk lt is evident why the la- 
 dies were given the important offices. It is well known 
 that women are proverbial talkers, so we were put into 
 positions to force us to keep still and allow you to do the 
 talking. We will see that full justice is done you on all 
 occasions/' 
 
 They bravely began work in the bare, carpetless 
 room, with no chairs, no tables, no curtains and no lights 
 but a borrowed lamp, and a school-room bench served 
 for seating. The President has said there were many 
 laughable things connected with the hardships of those 
 days. At that time there were no lights in the halls, or 
 brackets arranged to hold them, and those of us who
 
 77 
 
 came without lanterns felt our way through the halls and 
 up two flights of stairs, being certain of one thing there 
 was a light at the top, and this thought suggested many 
 a quick idea and conception of the benefit of climbing to 
 the light. 
 
 The needs of the society were great, and many arti- 
 cles of furniture had to be purchased before the society 
 could make the room comfortable, but Dr. Allyn gave 
 liberally, and they were greatly encouraged by the help 
 received from an entertainment given by Professor 
 Brownlee. 
 
 They had to begin at the beginning and work up by 
 degrees, as there were many things to be learned by them 
 before they felt that they understood the rules governing 
 organized societies, which they were anxious to learn 
 thoroughly. The energy and enthusiasm of the founders 
 of this society were not to be overcome by difficulties and 
 discouragements, but they pushed forward, met the hard- 
 ships bravely, overcame them, and so placed the society 
 on a firm foundation. 
 
 In a few weeks after organization they were able to 
 purchase two chairs, about a dozen recitation benches, 
 kerosene lamps, and a small stand which was used by 
 both President and Secretary for several meetings. A 
 committee was appointed to select names, which they 
 submitted to the society in the next regular meeting. 
 After due consideration and discussion the name Zetetic 
 was chosen as a title, meaning "To seek ;" also kk Lovers 
 of Knowledge." In the debate preceding this choice 
 one excited speaker, urging the claims of the name Ze- 
 tetic, emphatically exclaimed, "You know we are all 
 seeking knowledge of lovers!" This blunder was fol- 
 lowed by an uproarous shout of laughter that echoed and 
 re-echoed unchecked from the bare walls.
 
 78 
 
 The first program consisted of a declaration, an 
 essay, and a debate. The President decided the debate, 
 which was the custom in the society for many years. 
 Shortly after the beginning of the society the faculty were 
 elected as honorary members, also later, the Board of 
 Trustees, the Governor of Illinois and John A. Logan. 
 A library was started in a few weeks after organization to 
 which the faculty donated a number of volumes, which 
 were kept in the Normal Library until it was destroyed 
 by fire in the year 1883. 
 
 As the first year drew to a close the subject of the 
 spring entertainment was introduced. The first one giv- 
 en consisted of the usual recitations and essays, besides 
 tableaux, an original dialogue and a Zetetic journal. 
 The spring entertainment is a feature of the society work 
 that has continued throughout the years and at the pres- 
 ent time forms one of the most attractive events of com- 
 mencement week. 
 
 The first president has told us the motto of our 
 society was a chance thought. We were to have an 
 open meeting and our hall was so bare we made in ever- 
 green letters the motto, now our society watchword, and 
 placed the words, ""Learn to Labor and to Wait" around 
 the window back of the platform. These words were left 
 in the hall until they seemed a part of the society, so 
 were adopted as its watchword. 
 
 Three years after organization an organ was purch- 
 ased for the hall, which was replaced by a piano in the 
 fall of 1880. 
 
 On October 9, 1877, Roberts' Rules of Order were 
 adopted for use, which are still retained as authority. 
 
 On the morning of November 26, 1883, the society 
 was in a prosperous condition, the floor was carpeted,
 
 79 
 
 the alcove curtained, on the walls were a number oi 
 choice pictures, a piano occupied one corner, the hall 
 was comfortably seated and contained a large chair and 
 stand for the President and a Secretary's table. It was 
 a beautiful room of which the society justly felt proud, 
 but that afternoon word was passed from room to room 
 that the building was on fire. The first thought of many 
 of the members was of the society hall, and through their 
 efforts the furniture was carried out and most of it saved 
 in good condition. In the late afternoon a called meet- 
 ing of the Zetetic Society was held in the northern part 
 of the campus, in which they voted to hold a meeting the 
 next afternoon in Mr. Dunaway's parlor. At this meet- 
 ing of November 27, a committee was appointed to find 
 a suitable room in which to store the furniture saved from 
 the fire, also a committee was appointed to find a room 
 in which the society could hold its regular meetings until 
 the normal could again be ready for occupancy. An of- 
 fice room on the west side of the city square was secured, 
 in which the meetings were held until the following March, 
 when the temporary normal was completed and the so- 
 ciety was given the large recitation room in the south 
 wing, which it occupied until the completion of the pres- 
 ent building. It was then given for its permanent home 
 the large, beautiful room in the northeast corner of the 
 third floor, which it has beautified and made home-like 
 and attractive in every way possible and which affords one 
 of the best means of culture, disclipline and instruction 
 in literary work and parliamentary business for the ener- 
 getic, inquiring students who are ready and anxious to 
 improve their opportunities. 
 
 This society started its career twenty-five years ago 
 in a bare room, with no money in its treasury and no
 
 80 
 
 furniture, worked earnestly along through the passing 
 years, meeting difficulties and discouragements bravely, 
 and accomplishing all it could for the good of the stu- 
 dents enrolled with it. During these years it has en- 
 rolled over one thousand members, and reaches the 
 quarter centennial mark with a term enrollment of sev- 
 enty-one active, working members, who are enjoying the 
 fruits of the hard work done by the founders of the so- 
 ciety, and who are striving to keep bright the honor due 
 them and the organization they effected.
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
 
 O 
 
 o: 
 O 
 O
 
 Socratic Literary Society, 
 
 T was early in the spring term of the year 1875, if mv 
 memory serves me right, that seventeen or eighteen 
 young men, then students of the Normal, formed the 
 plan of a literary society. All of them were from the coun- 
 try, and had been engaged, more or less, in debating socie- 
 ties and the "Literary" of the rural school districts. 
 They were, however, backward about displaying their lit- 
 erary and oratorical abilities, and, up to that time, had 
 hesitated about appearing publicly in such capacities at 
 the Normal. 
 
 After a number of meetings a committee was ap- 
 pointed to interview the faculty, and, with many misgiv- 
 ings, proceeded on their errand. The faculty, viewing 
 the matter with very little concern, and not, at that time, 
 recognizing the society work as a feature of the school, 
 as it is now considered, thought it sufficient to allow the 
 use of a large, bare room in the fourth or Mansard story 
 of the old building. The old minute book, subsequently 
 destroyed by fire, recited that a lamp was borrowed from 
 Mrs. Joseph Warder for the first meeting. The only 
 furniture provided was three or four recitation seats. 
 
 The members met together in the following week, 
 and, from the small fund provided by membership fees, 
 bought the material, and, with their own hands, con- 
 structed a platform ; then chairs were purchased from the 
 same fund, and, later, a hand-lamp and chandelier were 
 procured. 
 
 There was a feeling of entire independence on the
 
 82 
 
 part of the membership from school control that might 
 have led (but, I am glad to say, never did, ) to a viola- 
 tion of or breaking away from the school restraint. 
 
 The debates were a strong feature, and at each meet- 
 ing of the society, in addition to the regular program, 
 every member was entitled to be heard under the head of 
 general debate. There was no time limit on speeches, 
 and the hour of adjournment was not fixed by the faculty, 
 or by any rules of the society. Often our adjournment 
 hour was reached only with midnight, and after every 
 member, possibly, had made one or more speeches, either 
 in debate or under the head of business. 
 
 The business meetings were seriously conducted. 
 Momentous questions arose. Oftentimes it was only by 
 the firm rule of a master hand in the chair that personal 
 altercations were avoided, but while this is true, the body 
 never became so turbulent as some other deliberative as- 
 semblies I have seen. 
 
 As originally organized, the membership of the so- 
 ciety was limited to the masculine class of students, but 
 before a year had passed the question arose of amending 
 the constitution so that the feminine side of the school 
 might be admitted. Then arose discussions that were 
 earnest and prolonged. A strong minority of the mem- 
 bers of the society opposed the admission of the girls. 
 All the various phases of the woman question were learn- 
 edly discussed by the boys. The future of the society, 
 in case it should be turned over to the inroads of the fair 
 sex, was depicted in darkest colors. Two-thirds of the 
 members present at a meeting were necessary in order to 
 amend the constitution, and two weeks' notice was re- 
 quired to be given of the time when the vote would be 
 had.
 
 83 
 
 A number of times the question was voted on, and 
 lacked, perhaps, one or two votes of the necessary two- 
 thirds. The final discussion and vote, however, took 
 place on a night memorable to man}' of the old citizens 
 of Carbondale, when a large railroad circus visited the 
 city, and, in addition, torrents of rain fell. There were 
 present at the meeting of the society six members, and 
 after all had talked themselves hoarse a vote was taken, 
 and, by a majority of four to two, the ladies were ad- 
 mitted. 
 
 The growth of the society had been slow prior to 
 that event, but to the credit of the ladies be it said, they 
 immediately took advantage of the opportunity, and in a 
 short time the membership was doubled. Their influence 
 was beneficial. The business was proceeded with more 
 smoothly ; the literary work was really of a higher grade, 
 and a greater number of visitors were seen. As a result 
 of the admission of the ladies a few of our members left 
 us, but the remainder were always satisfied that the so- 
 ciety only gained by their loss. 
 
 Some money had accumulated, and a carpet for the 
 platform was procured. A motto must be had, and, af- 
 ter a great deal of labor, one was decided upon, which, 
 I am sorry to say, contained so much bad Latin that it 
 has since had to be reconstructed. 
 
 And how our interest centered around the elections ; 
 what earnest "button-holing" was done. With what 
 force would we argue the advantage of our particular can- 
 didate. Looking back, it seems now that the events of 
 the society were as real, were participated in with as much 
 anxiety and earnestness, even more, than the regular 
 work of the school. 
 
 There was a feeling that existed for some time, that
 
 84 
 
 the faculty viewed the Socratic Society with suspicion, 
 but looking back on the matter from this distance, I feel 
 assured that the best wishes of this body, individually and 
 collectively, were with the Socratic Society. I feel that 
 they recognized that any attempt to patronize the society 
 would have been detrimental, and it was probably as well 
 that we were allowed to work out our own ends in our 
 own way. 
 
 We learned many things there. Not alone that 
 which we gathered from the text-books, but we gained 
 some idea of that wider range of learning of women 
 and of the forces that control them. Along with the 
 high ideals there formed, the great desire for knowledge, 
 there was much of the practical the application of what 
 was learned. There was the strong ambition to succeed 
 in whatever was undertaken, and we had a desire, not 
 alone for the knowledge, and the ability that it would 
 bring, but for the power it would give the individual as a 
 member of society. 
 
 We sought leadership ; we worked for it. At the 
 beginning of a new term there was always the seeking 
 out ot good material ; the contest with the opposite so- 
 ciety to get the best members, to- make the greatest ad- 
 ditions in point of ability. Here, again, was an oppor- 
 tunity to apply the knowledge we were gaining of men 
 and women. 
 
 The Socratic Society was founded on the broad prin- 
 ciple enunciated in that most famous document, the 
 Declaration of Independence, "that all men are free and 
 equal,' 7 and while in the domain of knowledge, this may 
 have qualifications, there should be no qualification of 
 that right as applied to an opportunity to be given every 
 individual to acquire knowledge. One of the fundamental
 
 85 
 
 principles of the society was its absolute democracy, and 
 by that I mean nothing political, but that each member 
 was considered the equal of every other; that in the 
 domain of the work of the society no such a thing as an 
 aristocracy existed. Especially did the society in its 
 early years seek to help the members from the country. 
 Oftentimes these were timid, and while having talent, 
 were slow to assert themselves. The members of the 
 Socratic Society, in its early days, were helpful to all 
 such. 
 
 It was, probably, not until the year 1877 that the 
 finances of the society were in such a condition that 
 the question of procuring a piano might be consid- 
 ered. An organ, had been purchased, and I well remem- 
 ber with what elation we added the office of organist to 
 the list of officers to be elected. But the society, able to 
 meet matters as they should arise, now decided that noth- 
 ing less than a piano would do, and, by going in debt 
 quite heavily, this acquisition was made. There was no 
 thought of applying to the faculty, because, even with 
 the trustees, in those days, finances were an item, and 
 they would never have dared to put in a demand for 
 appropriations an item for a piano for the literary so- 
 ciety. But the piano was paid for, though it took the 
 savings of several years to liquidate the indebtedness. 
 Sad to say, this piano was burned when the old building 
 was destroyed, and, with it, the archives of the society. 
 Many of the old members would delight to-day to 
 turn the pages of the minutes of the earlier meetings, 
 and re-visit the scenes of those days ; to fight again the 
 old contests, and mingle with the members, and again to 
 feel the strong, warm attachments that were iormed 
 among the members of the society, for the society work 
 brought the students nearer together, and they became
 
 86 
 
 more intimate than was possible in any other part of the 
 school work. 
 
 In the early days the society contests were fought 
 with an earnestness that almost amounted to bitterness. 
 For weeks before, the question of the comparative merits 
 of the members of the different societies would be can- 
 vassed. Hopes would be raised; acrimonious conver- 
 sations would be had between the members ; for our ri- 
 vals, the Zetetics, were always on the alert to pick up a 
 good member, or say a word derogotary to the Socratics. 
 
 At that day it seemed to our members that our rivals 
 at the other end of the building always sat themselves 
 upon a pedestal, looking down with calm condescension 
 upon the Socratics. This treatment always had the ef- 
 fect of arousing the Socratics ; and the further claim that 
 the Zetetics were especially favored by the faculty was 
 made, and, while it rankled, was universally met with 
 derision by our members. 
 
 Up to the time of the new building, the Socratic So- 
 ciety obtained but slight recognition from the governing 
 bodies of the school, and, in fact, the same might be said 
 of the Zetetic Society ; and it is to the credit of these or- 
 ganizations that by earnest work they forced themselves 
 upon the faculty and trustees as necessary features of the 
 school work, so that in the new building good halls, well 
 furnished, were provided for them. 
 
 The old members took a pride in the literary society, 
 and that pride is not lessened to-day, when, looking back 
 over the years, we come to the conclusion that the work 
 done in the society, when well done, is as invaluable to 
 the student as any part of the school work. I am glad 
 to know that the Socratic Society to-day is carrying for- 
 ward the work so begun, and that in a large measure the 
 same principles are found existing there, as at the foun- 
 dation.
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
 
 cc 
 o
 
 Life's Awakening, 
 
 874- 1 899. 
 
 i. 
 
 Eastward creep the mighty shadows 
 Of the century's waning years, 
 
 Westward burns the sunset glory 
 And the evening star appears. 
 
 Great has been the closing era 
 New-found wonders crowding fa^t, 
 
 Each swift year its truth or treasure 
 Richer, rarer than the last. 
 
 Yet these late, resplendent ages 
 Well may heed the lesson old : 
 
 Life is not in fame or pleasure, 
 Learning's lore or hoard of gold. 
 
 Faith to kindle zeal heroic, 
 Love to make the heart-beat true, 
 
 Hope, still strong in doubt or sorrow, 
 Shine like stars the ages through. 
 
 Man's own bosom is an empire 
 Where his noblest deeds are done ; 
 
 In the spirit's silent conflicts 
 Are our truest victories wor . 
 
 Rightly ruling, knowing, using 
 Passions, longings of the _heart, 
 
 Blending all in noble living 
 This is wisdom's highest art.
 
 88 
 II. 
 
 When of old the weary shepherd 
 Slept on Bethel's stony hight, 
 
 Angels o'er him kept their vigils, 
 Wondrous visions filled the night. 
 
 To his couch celestial spirits 
 Came to cheer him and defend, 
 
 And God's faithful promise given, 
 Blessed him to the journey's end. 
 
 Paling star and glaring daylight 
 
 Left him still that splendid hour; 
 All his later years and struggles 
 
 Felt its animating power- 
 Still we sleep, on rocky pillows, 
 
 In the clouded land of dreams, 
 Till our heavy eyes are smitten 
 
 By some vision's thrilling gleams. 
 
 Then we look, with eyes annointed, 
 On a new world fair and good, 
 
 Grasp the power, read the meaning 
 Hid in truth misunderstood. 
 
 Heart and purpose are transfigured, 
 All the place is holy ground; 
 
 Lowly gifts and humble objects 
 With high worth and use are crowned. 
 
 III. 
 
 God still sends us inspirations 
 Still His patient angels stand, 
 
 Till our slow eyes are, awakened 
 And we see our Promised Land. 
 
 Here hath beer our "Mount of Vision" 
 For these five and twenty years; 
 
 Here hath wisdom's precious promise 
 Taught us faith and calmed our fears.
 
 89 
 In these halls have souls been quickened, 
 
 Deeper, kinder motives stirred, 
 Hearts have pondered truth's ideals, 
 
 Life's diviner music heard. 
 
 With us still abide these forces, 
 
 Vital, helpful, never lost, 
 Potent still for strong endeavor 
 
 When the soul is tempest-tossed. 
 
 Through thy life, these changing seasons, 
 Many lives are true and strong, 
 
 Girded for heroic striving 
 To withstand and vanquish' wrong. 
 
 IV. 
 
 May thy beauty, Alma Mater, 
 Glow and brighten as the dawn ; 
 
 May thy gracious worth and wisdom 
 Still from right and truth be drawn. 
 
 May thy light and benediction 
 
 Long attend the coming age, 
 As thy fair name now is honored 
 
 On the closing cycle's page. 
 
 May thy consecrated poweis 
 Still inspire and guide our youth 
 
 In the realms of highest virtue, 
 In the love of God and truth.
 
 Our Alumni Dead. 
 
 VERY class that completes a course of study is 
 bound together by common interests ; and the 
 ties of association are too strong for the daily 
 petty rivalries to sever them. The friendships formed in 
 this fellowship bind its members more closely as the day 
 of separation comes, and each enters into the active work 
 of the great, busy world, for which these years of prepara- 
 tion have fitted them. Joining and becoming part of 
 the Alumni Association develops a general will out of this 
 personal element, which rejoices in the successes of all 
 its members, or follows the luckless ones with brotherly 
 compassion, that centers the regard for the Alma Mater 
 into a broader fellowship which recognizes the value of 
 individual influence in whatever walk of life it is exercised ; 
 whether in the school-room, the home, the professions, 
 or on a farm, personal character makes or mars the indi- 
 vidual man or woman. Annually the circle widens, and 
 the hearty greetings of the old-time friends makes wel- 
 come for the newer. But now and then we miss a well- 
 known face, and a sense of loneliness steals into the 
 rooms, while a longing for the cheery voice with the old- 
 ring of glad welcome fills the unbroken silence with mem- 
 ories of work well done, and of faithful, earnest endeavor. 
 This memory brings its own healing in the promises of 
 better things, and of life everlasting. 
 
 For the seventeen members of our Alumni who have 
 finished their labors and been called to their reward, we 
 have only tender, reverent words. We are better men
 
 91 
 
 and women for their having- lived among us, and richer 
 because of the inheritance they have left us of true think- 
 ing and noble living. 
 
 "More homelike seems the vast unknown 
 
 Since they have entered there ; 
 To follow them were not so hard 
 
 Wherever they may fare ; 
 They cannot be where God is not 
 
 On any sea or shore : 
 Whate'er betides, Thy love abides, 
 
 Our God forevermore ! " 
 
 John C. HAWTHORN, of the class of 1876, was the 
 first to go. He was born at Blair, Illinois, July 7, 
 1852. . He was of slender build and far from robust 
 health, and his friends could not predict for him a 
 long career. After completing the course in the Nor- 
 mal with the first class in 1876, he entered upon the 
 study of law at Sparta, Illinois, and carried his work to 
 a successful conclusion. After passing his examination 
 and being admitted to the legal profession, he lived but 
 few months to enjoy the fruits of his labors. He passed 
 away November 15, 1880. 
 
 The class of '77 remain, and their records will be 
 found among those who are bearing the "heat and bur- 
 den of the day." The class of '78 has one representa- 
 tive in the spirit world Charles E. Evans. He lived 
 with his parents in Carbondale, and with a brother and 
 two sisters entered the Normal the first year of its work. 
 As a member of the Literary Society he showed a de- 
 cided talent for oratory ; this resulted, after two years' 
 teaching in Randolph county following his graduation 
 from the Normal, in his beginning the study of Theology 
 at Evanston, Illinois. For several years he was a suc- 
 cessful preacher in the Methodist Episcopal church, from
 
 92 
 which he was called home to his reward July 29, 1887. 
 
 The class of '79 consisted of but four members, and 
 one early closed her labors. 
 
 Ida May McReery was born in Franklin County, 
 Illinois, January 8, 1859, and died at Carbondale, 111., 
 October 10, 1881. From childhood she possessed a 
 somewhat delicate constitution which never became 
 rugged, while her intellectual powers were strong and 
 vigorous. She was one of those persons in whom the 
 intellectual held the supremacy over the physical. Yet 
 she was the very embodiment of energy and made good 
 use of the few years which were allotted to her. At the 
 age of twelve she entered the M. E. church. Always 
 cheerful, conscientious, courteous, faithful and consistent, 
 she won the love and confidence of all who knew her. 
 She graduated at the Southern Illinois Normal with the 
 honors of her class in 1879. At the time of her death 
 she was one of the teachers in the public schools of the 
 city of Carbondale. Death found her at her chosen post 
 of duty. Her death was peaceful and triumphant. 
 Conscious almost until the last moment, her dying testi- 
 monies were such as to make Heaven seem very near 
 and very real. Just before her spirit went home she sung 
 distinctly, "I Am Trusting, Lord, in Thee." 
 
 So great were the love and respect for her among 
 her acquaintances, that, after nearly a score of years have 
 passed since her death, her name is still .spoken softly 
 and with reverence by all who knew her. 
 
 The next class to suffer by the "grim reaper" was 
 that of '84. This class has the sad preeminence of hav- 
 ing lost most heavily of all. On this roll stand the names 
 of Fannie Aikman, May Duff, Carrie Ridenhour, and 
 Maud Thomas.
 
 93 
 
 Fannie A. Aikman \vas born at Marion, 111., July 
 29, 1862 ; here she received her early training, entering 
 the Southern Normal in 1880, she completed the course 
 with the class of '84, and in the same month was married 
 to D. L. Kimmell, a member of the Junior class. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Kimmell passed two happy years at their home 
 in Elkville; then disease of the lungs snowed its presence. 
 In spite of every effort of loving friends, assisted by all 
 that skill could devise, she passed away April 13, 1887, 
 at her home in Elkville. She was an earnest Christian, 
 bowing calmly and trustingly to the Divine will. She 
 felt the cheer of immortal sunlight. She left her husband, 
 a little girl less than two years old, and hosts of friends 
 to mourn their great loss. 
 
 May B. Duff was born in Ben ton, Franklin County, 
 Illinois, January 6, 1864. In 1873 her parents came to 
 Carbondale, which was ever afterward her home. Quick 
 to learn and studious in her habits she spent the first 
 year of her residence here in the public schools, and when 
 but eleven years of age entered the model department of 
 the Southern Illinois Normal University. With slight 
 exception she remained in school constantly until her 
 graduation with the class of '84. From early childhood 
 she evinced religious tendencies, and from the time of her 
 coming to Carbondale was a faithful attendant upon Sun- 
 day school instruction. In the summer of 1880 she was 
 received into the fellowship of the Baptist church. The 
 four brief years of her religious profession were marked 
 by singular devotion and consecration. For some time a 
 teacher in the Sunday school, it was her happy privilege 
 to witness the profession of religion by nearly all her 
 class. She thus proved herself to be a winner of souls. 
 As a companion and friend, she was considerate of others, 
 never intentionally wounding the feelings of those with
 
 94 
 
 whom she came in contact. To her parents she was ever 
 faithful and true. Their wish was her delight. True to 
 the energy ot her temperment, she entered upon her 
 work of teaching the next fall term. But a few weeks 
 had passed when she was seized with what proved to be 
 a fatal illness, Surrounded by her family and served 
 with every attention, she gradually weakened, and on the 
 morning of Tuesday, November u, 1884, she entered 
 the land where shadows never come. 
 
 Carrie Ridenhower was born in Johnson County on 
 a farm, January 31, 1857. She was a successful teacher 
 before entering the Normal, where she proved a good 
 student, a pleasant acquaintance and a true friend. After 
 graduation in 1 884 she re-entered the profession of teach- 
 ing in her native county, where with fresh vigor and in- 
 terest she taught for four years. She married J. L. 
 Mount, of Goreville, Illinois, and from a happy home was 
 called away to .the joy and rest of the faithful, in the fall 
 of 1888. 
 
 Maude Thomas was born April 2, 1862, in the par- 
 ish of Baglan, South Wales. She came to the United 
 States with her family in 1870. For ten years her home 
 was in Carbondale. During this period she completed 
 the course of study at the Normal, graduating with an 
 excellent standing in the class of '84. She taught two 
 years in Cobden, Illinois, where she made many friends. 
 From this school she went to Los Angeles, California, 
 and, after a few months" work, was the victim of a fatal 
 disease, and, returning to her home in Carbondale, passed 
 quietly to rest on August 20, 1888. 
 
 Luella Hundley was born at Marion, Illinois, Febru- 
 ary 5, 1858. She was the oldest of four sisters, and 
 when her parents died was still young ; but she assumed 
 the care of the three younger sisters, and while in school
 
 95 
 
 in the Normal kept house to make a place for them that 
 all might be bound together by the family ties of a home. 
 In her loving care and faithful devotion to duty she won 
 the respect and admiration of her teachers and the sym- 
 pathy and friendship of her school-mates. Ella, as she 
 was known in school, was salutatorian of class of '86. 
 She went to Texas the year following her graduation, and 
 taught in the schools of Denton four years. She then 
 returned to Illinois and taught at Kankakee and Harvard; 
 after this she went to Arizona and taught at Prescott. 
 Here she married H. T. Andrews, a lawyer of that place. 
 She lost her life September 6, 1898, in her burning home 
 at Prescott. With characteristic energy she re-entered 
 the building to save some valuable papers. When half- 
 way up the stairs the flames burst forth above and below. 
 She perished before aid could reach her. 
 
 Edgar Stormant was born on a farm near Salem, 111., 
 January 7, 1865, he had unusual ability and while in school 
 was remarkable for his thorough, scholarly work. Being 
 of frail physique he decided after graduation in 1886 to 
 go West for a few years. He was elected to the chair of 
 science in the Territorial Normal at Tempe, Arizona. He 
 married Mary A. Hill, class '87. After holding the chair 
 oi science two years he was elected to the presidency of 
 the normal. In June of 1896 he resigned and returned 
 to Illinois. He spent a year at the State University at 
 Champaign and then took a position in the Streator High 
 School. Here developed his deadly foe, consumption. 
 Although he returned to Tempe in the summer of 1898 
 it was too late to arrest the disease. He passed away 
 in a few months, surrounded by loving friends and at- 
 tended by his faithful wife. 
 
 Carrie Blair was born near Sparta, 111., August 2, 
 1862. She was a kind, loving daughter and sister. In
 
 early life she made a public profession of religion, join- 
 ing the Reform Presbyterian church in Sparta. She took 
 the full course at the Southern Normal, graduating there- 
 .from in the class of '87, with the warm esteem of all who 
 knew her. She taught ten years and was an eminently 
 successful teacher, patient, persuasive and energetic. 
 She taught in Collinsville, 111., and Charleston, 111. From 
 the later place she went to Cedarville, O., where she 
 filled the chair of mathematics in their denominational 
 college, making warm friends outside her work, and 
 winning the love and confidence of the faculty and stu- 
 dents. While taking a mathematical course in Chautau- 
 qua University she was attacked by that dread destroyer, 
 typhoid fever, from which she died September 2, 1895. 
 
 Kate E. Richards was born May 18, 1870, at Rock- 
 wood, Illinois, and entered the S. I. N. U. in the fall of 
 1885. She was a pretty, bright girl, a good 
 student, and a loved companion. After graduat- 
 ing in the class of '88 she taught two years, and then 
 was married to Mr. Steward, of Delphos, Kansas. Death 
 soon entered the home and bore the young wife 
 from the pleasures of earth to the joys of the better land. 
 
 Frank E. Trobaugh was a Jackson County boy, born 
 September 1 1 , 1868, and brought up on his father's farm. 
 He entered the Normal and, after graduating with the 
 class of 1 88, taught one year ; then he began the study 
 of medicine, completing his preparation with honor in 
 Cincinnati in 1891. He married Miss Louisa Waller, 
 who had been a fellow-student with him at the Normal, 
 and began the practice of his profession at Murphysboro, 
 Illinois. Every one knew and trusted FYank, and his 
 practice rapidly grew. He has been called from minis- 
 tering unto others into the rest prepared for the faithful. 
 
 Mabel E. Smith was born December 10, 1869, died
 
 97 
 
 September 21, 1 892 . She completed the course of study 
 in the public schools of Carbondale, Illinois, in the spring 
 of 1887 ; entered the Southern Illinois Normal University 
 the next fall, graduating in 1890. She early developed 
 a talent for and love of music, receiving- instruction from 
 
 o 
 
 private teachers during her attenclanc.e at the public 
 schools and Normal University, and, after graduating 
 from the Normal, taking an extended course of instruc- 
 tion and voice culture in the musical conservatories of St." 
 Louis and Chicago. She devoted herself to teaching 
 music for a time with encouraging success, but during 
 August of 1892 she was stricken with typhoid fever, and 
 after a continued illness of a month she passed away. 
 Her obliging disposition made her ever ready to use her 
 great talent for the good of others. Often at Alumni re- 
 unions memory brings back to Normal hall the thrilling 
 music of her lovely voice. 
 
 Mary E. Hill was born at Centralia February 2, 
 1878, entered the Normal September 10, 1889, and grad- 
 uated with the class of '91. After teaching four years 
 she married Broughton T. Smith, of Equality, on June 
 24, 1896, and died October 23 of the same year. Thus, 
 far too early, was our beloved and attractive friend called 
 from those who loved her, on earth, to the bright man- 
 sions above. 
 
 Charles L. Stout was born February 5, 1866, at 
 Chauncy, 111., and entered the Normal, graduating with 
 the class of '93, after which he returned to his work in 
 Nashville, 111., as principal of the high school, but in a 
 few months he was called from his labors. He was a 
 faithful teacher, and an earnest Christian, and won the re- 
 spect and confidence of all. It was felt as a loss to the 
 community that his work must cease so soon. 
 
 Eric Mohlenbiock was born at Campbell Hill, 111.,
 
 98 
 
 January 12, 1874, and entered the Normal January 5, 
 1891. He ranked high in his class, graduating in 1894. 
 He was frail in body and was urged by his friends to go 
 west for a while before beginning his chosen work of 
 teaching. His ambition was too great to permit this, so 
 he entered upon his profession in Flora, 111., the follow- 
 ing fall as Principal of the High School. So faithful and 
 earnest was he that before spring his health failed under 
 the strain of large classes and personal interest in the 
 success of each student. He then reluctantly left his 
 work and went west in search of health but too late. 
 He died in California in the summer of 1895. So good a 
 mind and so pure a character fitted him for usefulness 
 here, but equally fitted him for the joys of Heaven. 
 
 Bertram John Amon was born in Louisville, Ky., 
 January 20, 1877. He came to Carbondale with his 
 parents when but eight months old. In 1881 he moved 
 to Chester, where he studied in the public schools until 
 his return to Carbondale in 1893. He graduated from 
 the Normal in 1897, an< ^ was Principal of the Crainville 
 school the following school season. Bert, as he was fa- 
 miliarly known, was one of our best young men; kind, 
 sociable, and in every way a good companion. His death 
 was the result of this desire to make others happy. His 
 sister, who was president, wished to take the children of 
 the Junior League of the M. E. church on a picnic, so 
 Bert went to help give them a good time. After dinner 
 he went with the little boys for a swim. He first waded 
 in, to be sure it was safe for the boys ; he stepped into a 
 hole, and was drowned before aid could reach him, June 1 
 29, 1898. Thus ended a life bright and joyous, and a 
 cloud of sorrow settled clown upon many hearts. Thus 
 far Bert is the last to leave onr fellowship below and be- 
 come an alumnus from the school of the Great Teacher 
 Himself.
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
 
 Twenty-Fifth Anniversary, 
 
 SUNDAY, JUNE II, 1899. 
 
 HE morning was pleasant, not too warm, and at 
 the appointed time Normal Hall was well filled with 
 strangers, townspeople and students, who came 
 to hear Dr. Edwards, who was to preach the Baccalaureate 
 sermon. At eleven o'clock the Eaculty, Senior class and 
 others, who had met by appointment in the office, marched 
 to Normal Hall under the direction of Prof. S. E. Har- 
 wood, where the following program was given : 
 
 Anthem "Send Out Thy Light," Choir 
 
 Invocation Rev. H. H. Branch 
 
 Bass Solo "Incline Thine Ear" Prof. J. H. Brownlee and Choir 
 
 Reading of Scripture Rev. J. W. Parkhill 
 
 Hymn "Coronation" Congregation 
 
 Prayer Rev. C. B. Besse 
 
 Solo "Babylon" Miss Bessie Johnson 
 
 Baccalaureate Sermon.. . .Rev. Richard Edwards, LL. D., Bloomington 
 
 Anthem "Praise Ye the Father" Choir 
 
 Announcements Prof. H. W. Shryock 
 
 Benediction Rev. W. S. Errett 
 
 In introducing Dr. Edwards to the audience Dr. 
 Parkinson spoke of him as being one who was present at 
 the dedication of the first building, twenty-five years ago 
 the ist day of July, and as taking part in those exercises 
 as one of the speakers. Dr. Edwards was at that time 
 President ot the Normal at Normal, then the only nor- 
 mal school in the state. He had since served one term as 
 State Superintendent of Public Instruction. Several of 
 the others who were present have passed away, among
 
 wo 
 
 whom were mentioned Hon. T. S. Riclgeway, of Shaw- 
 neetown, who was for eighteen years President of the 
 Board of Trustees ; Dr. James Robarts, of Carbondale, 
 who was for twelve years secretary of the Board, and Dr. 
 Robert Allyn, the President of the school till 1892. In 
 response Dr. Edwards said that he was not only present 
 at the dedication of the first building in 1874, but was 
 present at the laying of the corner-stone in 1870. The 
 Doctor said, further, that he could see the influence the 
 school had exerted in the town and even in the audience 
 now before him. 
 
 Dr. Edwards took his text for the Baccalaureate ser- 
 mon from the nineteenth verse of the twenty-fifth chapter 
 of Matthew: "After a time the lord of those servants 
 cometh and reckoneth with them." The Scripture lesson 
 that had been read from the same chapter brought out 
 the fact that before going to a far country this lord of the 
 servants had given to each an amount of money that he 
 was to use during his lord's absence. Those who had 
 used the portion intrusted to them wisely were com- 
 mended, while the one who had indolently hidden his 
 portion in the earth was condemned. The Doctor took 
 as his theme the idea of responsibility. These servants 
 were left free to do as they chose with that which was in- 
 trusted to them. But this freedom involved responsibil- 
 ity for how it was used. Does not all freedom involve 
 responsibility? Opportunities are the talents that are 
 given to us, and we will be held to an account for how 
 we use them. The Scripture gives examples ot those 
 who have used the freedom given them. Paul was one 
 of them who said : "I press forward to the mark of the 
 high calling in Christ Jesus." In this he accepted the 
 responsibility placed on him and did all he could to meet 
 the expectations of his Lord and Master. Many others
 
 707 
 
 in modern times were spoken of as having followed in 
 the same pathway. 
 
 A rudder of a ship is of no use unless it is used. So 
 is the responsibility placed on a human being. It is in 
 meeting these responsibilities in the right way that makes 
 character and helps mankind. 
 
 Young people in these times have opportunities 
 given them of acquiring an education. They are endowed 
 with mental faculties and given the chance to use them. 
 Was this for no end? No, it was for a purpose. Human 
 faculties are the talents our Lord has left with us, and 
 with us lies the responsibility of using these so that we 
 may hear the "Well done, good and faithful servant." 
 Never since time began have the avenues of learning been 
 so numerous as now. There is inspiration in the thought, 
 and vast numbers are availing themselves of these op- 
 portunities. This culture that may be acquired means 
 the mastery of the mind that conduces to power. 
 
 Sometimes it occurs that a young man refuses to 
 avail himself of the opportunities he has for improving 
 his mind. You see such gathered in groups about places 
 of resort, or amusement, or dissipation, where there is 
 nothing suggestive or elevating, but everything tends to 
 lead down instead of up to a better life. 
 
 Culture is an essential factor in the usefulness of 
 man. The future will require larger knowledge than the 
 past has required or the present is requiring. Sound 
 scholarship is essential to the saving of the nation from 
 the dangers that beset it. 
 
 If scholarship is good it must be good for some- 
 thing. Knowledge means a duty to the one possessing 
 it. The scholar is responsible for the use of his knowl- 
 edge. It should make men and women what they ought 
 to be in the sight of God and man, Is it not true that the
 
 more one knows of God the more he reverences the 
 source of this knowledge? 
 
 I know that all scholarship does not accomplish all 
 the results I have spoken of does not produce all the 
 results. Such scholarship is but fragmentary. It is bar- 
 ren of desirable results because it is not complete in some 
 of its essential parts. 
 
 Scholarship must subserve the necessities of the out- 
 ward life. Without the utilization of science the universe 
 is alieii to man. Let scholarship help man to establish 
 a helpful and right use of his surroundings. 
 
 But teach man to tell the truth. Are you ambitious 
 to enter the field of politics? Find out what the real 
 wants of mankind are. Look with scorn on what is only 
 to promote temporary success. 
 
 The teacher's work leads him to look for results that 
 are to be seen only in the future. The savage lives only 
 from day to day. He hunts the animal whose flesh is to 
 satisfy his present hunger and lies down in his wigwam 
 contented and happy. Or if the result of the chase is 
 not a success he endures the pangs of hunger with stoicism. 
 The skin of the animal he eats goes to make a garment 
 to cover his body, or to make a tent in which he may 
 live, a shelter from the sun in summer and a meager pro- 
 tection from the cold of winter. But civilized man pre- 
 pares for the future as well as for today. He does not 
 depend on the uncertainties of the chase, but tills the 
 ground that it may bring forth more abundantly and 
 makes the earth and the forest contribute to the comforts 
 of his home. 
 
 It is said that knowledge is power. Many forms 
 of knowledge may be fragmentary and of but little use. 
 But the knowledge we get from the right study of good 
 books is of great worth. The thoughtful reader of good
 
 103 
 
 literature is in the best of company. Man puts his best 
 thought into the book he publishes, and its reader is in 
 the best of society. 
 
 In every field he may choose to enter the scholar 
 may secure respect and power. The scholar is rising in 
 public estimation. But with this added power comes 
 added responsibility. What should be said of the man 
 who had the power to better humanity and refused to use 
 it? On the other hand what blessings are conferred on 
 the man who has this power and does rightly use it? 
 
 "After a long time the Lord of those servants 
 cometh and reckoneth with them.'" Shall we regard this 
 as a threat? Away with such an idea ! Let rather the 
 thought be impressed that duty is an inspiration and not 
 a burden. Let it be felt that the- voice of duty is the 
 voice of God. 
 
 In conclusion he said : "Members of the graduating 
 class, you are today to take your leave of this institution. 
 Can I say anything more inspiring than has already been 
 said? Go forth and accept responsibility. Thank God 
 for the opportunity to do something for humanity. The 
 standards here are not so low that you have been able to 
 float. You had to work for what you have secured. 
 Thank God for this. When shown a responsibility as 
 you go out into the world accept it in the sight of God. 
 You have made a good beginning in an education. Con- 
 tinue in the way you have begun and the world k will be 
 blessed. 
 
 SUNDAY KVKMM;, JUNE n. 
 
 In the evening the Normal Hall was again filled with 
 those who came to listen to a program given under the 
 auspices of the Young Men's and Young Women's 
 Christian Associations. The program, as given and
 
 104 
 
 printed on sheets distributed at the door in the morning-, 
 was as follows : 
 
 Doxology Congregation 
 
 Invocation Rev. W. S. Errett 
 
 Song "Faith is the Victory" Choir 
 
 Reading from Corinthians 12 Rev. H. H. Branch 
 
 Prayer , Rev. J. W. Parkhill 
 
 Anthem "Lord of Heaven" Choir 
 
 Address Rev. F. M. Hubbell, Belvidere, 111 
 
 Anthem "Oh, for a Thousand Tongues" Choir 
 
 Announcements Prof. S. E. Harwood 
 
 Benediction Rev. C. B. Besse 
 
 In introducing Rev. Mr. Hubbell to the audience Dr. 
 Parkinson spoke first of the organization of the Christian 
 Association. Soon after the opening of the school in 
 1874 several of the young men, led by one of the pro- 
 fessors, met for prayer in a room down town that had 
 been used for a billiard hall. These early meetings were 
 felt to be helpful to the students, and were soon trans- 
 ferred to a room in the Normal building. At first they 
 had no connection with the college Christian Association, 
 but later united themselves with the organization. As 
 time passed it was thought best to divide the organiza- 
 tion, and the Young Women's Christian Association was 
 formed. In looking about for a speaker for this evening 
 it was thought best to select one who had been identified 
 with the association, and Rev. F. M. Hubbell, of Belvi- 
 dere, 111., who, as a young man was identified with the 
 Young Men's Christian Association at about the middle 
 of its history, was selected. 
 
 In response Mr. Hubbell said, in referring to his con- 
 nection with the school eighteen years ago : "The fore-part 
 of September, a green country boy, sixteen years old, 
 might have been seen leading an old, red cow into town.
 
 105 
 
 when the cow was not leading him, which was much of 
 the time. The cow was led down one of the back streets 
 to a place where his father was moving that he might 
 send the boy and his brother to the Normal. That boy 
 was the present speaker, who had the pleasure of being 
 a student in the Normal for two years, ending with the 
 close of the spring term of 1883. It was only about a 
 week ago that the invitation to address you was received, 
 and under other circumstances it would have ueen re- 
 fused. But with it came back the memories of those 
 early days of my school-life in Carbonclale, and I cheer- 
 fully accepted the invitation."" 
 
 In speaking further of reminiscences of school life 
 Mr. Hubbell said: "'It seems to me there is something 
 constitutionally wrong in any one who does not cherish 
 fond memories of his school-life. It is this that brings 
 together year after year the alumni of our colleges. 
 
 "Our schools should be a place for the recognition 
 of the essential elements of human progress. They 
 should be where we learn to know the social problems 
 that confront us. Among those are the problems of the 
 relation of labor and capital. Not that I would encour- 
 age the antagonisms between labor and capital that are 
 often seen, but would leave the solution of this and other 
 social problems to the schools to settle. 
 
 "In discussing these questions one essential element 
 is usually left out of consideration, and that is the element 
 of religion. As it is generally considered, only the self- 
 ish side of human nature, the ego, is taken into account. 
 On this iactor, it is said, rest our commercial relations. 
 By this selfish spirit the weak are crushed by the strong, 
 the rich are made richer and the poor are made poorer. 
 Even the scientist in his biological researches finds this 
 element constantly at work ; the strong prey upon the
 
 106 
 
 weak, and life is maintained only 'by the survival of the 
 fittest.' Nature hobbles, as it were, on one crutch, in- 
 stead of walking on two legs. But the true student of 
 social problems must also recognize altruism. During 
 the progress of the evolution of the human race God has 
 added to self-consciousness benevolence and other relig- 
 ious elements. In the higher development of civilization 
 these are constantly crying out for recognition. It is this 
 altruism that has not had its just recognition by science 
 heretofore, but which is essential to the true development 
 of scientific thought. The one who would solve the 
 problems of our social system must recognize the relig- 
 ious side of human life. 
 
 "The student of philosophy admires the clear, philo- 
 sophical insight of Bacon. But how little does Bacon 
 seem when he learns of his private life and associations. 
 The student of literature admires the brilliant thoughts 
 and the elegant verse of Byron. But when he looks at 
 the private life of Byron how little there is to admire in 
 the man. So, too, the admirer of the writings of Vol- 
 taire, when he sees in history the private life of the writer, 
 will be disgusted with the monstrosity developed out of 
 such a system of false philosophy of life. The time is 
 coming yea, in a measure, now is when one will look 
 to the practices of those who are set up as leaders of so- 
 ciety and thought. The world's great cry is for charac- 
 ter, not lor culture alone ; for worth, not power. 
 
 "In conclusion, workout a philosophy of life based 
 on the principles left us by the humble Nazerene nineteen 
 centuries ago, and humaR society will move forward. 1 ' 
 
 MONDAY MORNING, JUNK 12. 
 
 At ten o'clock the exercises of the first six grades of
 
 107 
 
 the Practice School or Training Department were given 
 in Normal Hall. The music, other than that which 
 was part of the school exercises, was furnished by an or- 
 chestra from Olney, which had been secured to furnish 
 music for the exercises of the week. 
 
 The program as prepared was a cantata "Picnic 
 Day" by Charles H. Gabriel, arranged and adapted to 
 the little folks by Miss Adda P. Wentz, who has charge of 
 these six grades. The opening of the exercises was with 
 a prayer by Dr. Richard Edwards, of Bloomington. The 
 program as printed is as follows : 
 
 1. Prelude "March" Chorus marching as they sing 
 
 2. Recitation "Spring Time" Quartermain 
 
 3. "Away, Away" Chorus 
 
 4. "In the Tree Top," semi-chorus Grades Three and Four 
 
 5. "In Woodland Glen"-recitation and chorus.. Grades Three and Four 
 
 6. Physical Exercises Third and Fourth Grades 
 
 7. "Expectations" song and chorus Primary Boys 
 
 8. "Ring Merry Bells" Girls of Primary Grades 
 
 9. "The Storm" Full Chorus of all the Grades 
 
 10. '-Back to the Woods" march and chorus . . By All 
 
 11. "What the Robin Said" song Girls of Grades Five and Six 
 
 12. "Rondell" exercises Girls of Grades Five and Six 
 
 13. "Now to the Woods" song Girls of Grades Five and Six 
 
 14. "Jolly Boys" Boys of Grades Five and Six 
 
 15. "Who's to Blame?" Full Chorus of All 
 
 16. "Echo Song" Full Chorus 
 
 17. "Sing and Swing" waltz song Fifth and Sixth Grades 
 
 18. Recitation Sixth Grade 
 
 19. "Sing on, Sweet Birds" waltz song Grades Five and Six 
 
 20. "On the Way From School" Full Chorus 
 
 21. "A Jolly Time" Full Chorus, marching out as they sing 
 
 There was no break in the program after it was once 
 begun by the little folks, marching in singing till they 
 marched out again .in the same way. The whole per- 
 formance was a unit, it might be said, but parts of a
 
 108 
 
 single piece. It was a fine model of what might be clone 
 under proper leadership by a company of children. As 
 such it was probably the best program for the little folks 
 that has been presented by the 1 raining Department in 
 the history of the school. A fitting quarter centennial 
 exhibition of the work of the department. 
 
 MONDAY AFTERNOON, JUNE 12. 
 
 The exercises of the seventh and eighth grades were 
 held in the afternoon, and after they were through there 
 were some games by the Physical Culture Department on 
 the campus east of the main building. The program was 
 rendered as printed, as follows : 
 
 Prayer Prof. Samuel E. Har wood 
 
 Qua rtst "School March" Played by Misses Ethyle Reeves and 
 Win on a Ether ton and Masters John Mitchell and Robert Teeter. 
 
 Recitation "A Day in School" Percy Dickerman 
 
 Essay "Domestic Habits of the Filipinos" Grace Storm 
 
 "Emmet's Lullaby" Chorus 
 
 Quotation Drill An exercise in giving quotations in concert when 
 the author was named. 
 
 Recitation "Patehwork Philosophy" Lucy Allen 
 
 Piano Solo John Mitchell 
 
 Debate Resolved, That it is better for a person to spend the first 
 fifteen years of his life in the city than in the country. Affirm- 
 ative, Donald Kirk. Negative. Grace Brandon 
 
 Quartet' "Awake Sweet Music's Gentle Strain" Ethyle Reeves, 
 
 Winona Ethcrton, John Mitchell and Robert Teeter 
 
 Paper "The Lake" Albert Thompson 
 
 Instrumental Duet "Over the Waves" Piano, Floyd Halstead; 
 
 Mandolin Bessie Halstead 
 
 Recitation "Some Modern Public Schools" Raymond Parkinson 
 
 Anniversary Chorus Written by Alice Brush, cf the 8th grade, 
 and Ethyle Reeves, of the 7th grade. 
 
 At the beginning of the exercises Prof. Davis, who 
 has charge of these two grades, announced that the work
 
 109 
 
 presented was almost exclusively the work of the pupils, 
 the effort being- to make them as early as possible inde- 
 pendent workers. The parts were well committed and 
 well rendered. 
 
 Prof. S. B. Whittington, who has charge of the phys- 
 ical training, was not present to conduct the exercises in 
 the afternoon at the close of the entertainment by the yth 
 and 8th grades, nor will he be present at any of these 
 exercises. A little more than a week ago his physician 
 told him it was best that he should drop his work for the 
 rest of the school year on account of sickness. But the 
 work had been put into the hands of the captains of the 
 different classes who were to play, and the work went on 
 as originally planned. The first was a game of hurl ball, 
 followed by pole vault, hurdle race and hammer throw. 
 Much interest was manifested in these games, as was 
 evinced by the large number who staid to witness them. 
 
 MONDAY EVENING, JUNE 12. 
 
 By 8 o'clock the hall was well filled by the audience 
 that had assembled to witness the rendering of trie pro- 
 gram prepared by the Zetetic Literary Society. On the 
 outside of the cover of the neat program that was re- 
 ceived at the door was printed "1874-1899," the society 
 dating its organization back to the first year of the open- 
 ing of the school. The program was divided into two 
 parts, a literary part and a rendering of one of Shake- 
 speare's plays, as follows : 
 
 1 Music Miss Mertz 
 
 2. Invocation Prof. Carlos E. Allen, A. B. 
 
 3. President's Address Willis Gerard Cisne 
 
 The speaker said that this evening is given the 
 twenty-fifth exhibition of the Zetetic Literary Society, and
 
 770 
 
 as a society we are proud of our record. The work of 
 the society is important in the work of the school. Of the 
 hundreds whose names have been enrolled on the society 
 many are filling or have filled high positions of honor and 
 of trust, while others are teachers exerting influences for 
 good. 
 
 4. Recitation "Daniel Pereton's Ride" Kate F. Chandler 
 
 This was well rendered. 
 
 5. Vocal Solo "The Heavenly Dream" : H. W. Temple 
 
 6. Oration "Reformation of our Industrial System". . J. I. McKnelly 
 
 The speaker pleads for a broader scholarship as one 
 of the means of curing the evils of our industrial system. 
 
 7. Essay "Off the Grand Banks" Mary Fryar 
 
 The theme of the essay was suggested by a picture 
 in one of the art journals, in which an old sailor was the 
 central figure. 
 
 8. Euphonium Solo Walter Crow 
 
 9. Oration and Delivery of Diplomas "New Responsi- 
 bilities" I. Victor lies 
 
 The speaker touched upon the responsibilities of 
 early nations, and compared them with those of the pres- 
 ent day. As the responsibility of a nation is increased 
 by increased advantages and education, so the responsi- 
 bility of the individuals composing the nation increases. 
 At the close of the oration Mr. lies delivered the society 
 diplomas to those of the Senior class who are members 
 of the Zetetic Society. 
 
 10. "Much Ado About Nothing." 
 
 This was the second part of the program. Costumes 
 befitting the play had been secured from Chicago, which, 
 with appropriate stage scenery, made v 7 ery necessary ad- 
 juncts for a successful rendering of the play. Each en- 
 tered with spirit the character assigned him or her, and
 
 777 
 
 made the rendering of the play a decided success. The 
 cast of characters was as follows : 
 
 Don Pedro A. J. Reef 
 
 Claudio Roscoe Baker 
 
 Benedick H. L. Freeland 
 
 Leonato.. Roy F. B. Davis 
 
 Antonio Thomas Hobbs 
 
 Dogberry Harmon Etherton 
 
 Verges Samuel Toler 
 
 Beatrice Stella B. Dixon 
 
 Hero Emma McLin 
 
 Ursula Maude Williams 
 
 Convade : Thomas Bourland 
 
 Borachio Robert Brown 
 
 Friar J. T. Montgomery 
 
 . . Wm. Brandon 
 
 Watchmen^ Gregg Garrison 
 
 TUESDAY, JUNE 13 IO A. M. 
 
 It was intended to give a game of basket ball in the 
 gymnasium first and then repair to the campus for the 
 rest of the games that had been provided for. But the 
 heavy rain till time for the exercises to begin delayed the 
 opening and made a change of program necessary. The 
 games as played in the gymnasium were : 
 
 Basket Ball , By the Girls 
 
 Misses Tanner and Marron, Captains 
 
 Basket Ball By the Boys 
 
 Messrs. Gambel and Boomer, Captains. 
 Valley Ball Ry Both Boys and Girls 
 
 TUESDAY 2 P. M. 
 
 Quite an elaborate program had been prepared for 
 this occasion and headed "Quarter Centennial Non-Grad- 
 uate Exercises, 11 to be given by members of the school 
 at some time during the last twenty-five years, but who 
 had not completed any of its courses of study. The pro-
 
 112 
 
 gram as rendered was quite different from the one print- 
 ed, but was very interesting. Hon. L. M. Bradley, of 
 Mound City, was president of the occasion. The follow- 
 ing is the rendered program : 
 
 1. Music Orchestra 
 
 2. Address Hon. D. W. Helm, Metropolis 
 
 The theme upon which Mr. Helm spoke for a few 
 minutes was, "What the World Needs and What the 
 Normal Schools Are Doing to Supply That Need." Is 
 it possible that nations must go through a period of rise 
 to glory and then have their fall and pass away, or may 
 they enjoy a perpetual existence? We prefer to hold to 
 the later view. In order to attain this end we must not 
 be controled by selfishness, but must work for the com- 
 mon good, both of the nation and humanity. The com- 
 mon school system is the most powerful agency in bring- 
 ing about these ends, in uplifting the common people. 
 The influence of the Southern Illinois Normal University- 
 has not been confined solely to the southern part of the 
 state. There is not a county in the state but has felt its 
 influence, and it has gone out into other states. 
 
 3. Vocal Solo Mrs. Dora Lee McCracken, Anna, 111. 
 
 This was highly appreciated by the audience. 
 
 4. Addres Mr. W. F. Bundy, Centralia 
 
 Mr. Bundy came into the school in 1879, and when 
 he left at the close of the spring term of 1884 there were 
 few he did not know intimately, and none he did not know 
 by sight. As to the influence the school has in trans- 
 forming a boy, he said : "If you had a good photograph 
 of me as I entered the school, and one of me as I am 
 now, it would be the best advertisement the school could 
 have. Before coming here I had read of several funny 
 men such as Bill Nye and Artemus Ward, but I thought
 
 33 
 
 m 
 O 
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 33 
 
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 LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
 
 775 
 Professor Brownlee was the funniest of them all." 
 
 5. Violin Solo Mr. P. E. North, Carbonclale 
 
 6. Recitation a A la Del Sarts and Belle" . . Blanche Keeney, Chicago 
 
 This was so well received by the audience that Miss 
 Keeney was called out again, when she gave a rendering 
 of "Bertie McCarty." Miss Keeney was here when the 
 school passed through the ordeal of fire, since which time 
 she had graduated from the School of Oratory of Chicago. 
 
 7. Piano Solo Miss Dora Louise Mertz, Carbondale 
 
 8. Address Rev. F. M. Hubbell, Belvidere, 111 
 
 Mr. Hubbell made a good talk, the point made being 
 that a greater influence is exerted by the non-graduates 
 of the school than by the graduates, because they are 
 so much more numerous about twenty to one. As a 
 rule they stay here long enough to catch the spirit of the 
 school, and then go out to graduate from some other 
 special school, or, with new aspirations, go to work as 
 teachers in the common schools. 
 
 9. Music Orchestra 
 
 10. Prof. Brownlee read an interesting letter from Charles G. Neely, 
 
 of Chicago, now Circuit Judge of Cook County. 
 
 11. Trio Piano and Mandolin... A. G. Purdy, Fred Wykas, Rex Burnett 
 
 12. Here Prof. Brownlee read a letter from Mr. Fred Merrills, of 
 
 Belleville. 
 
 13. Another letter was read by Prof. Brownlee from Hon. A. G. Ab- 
 
 ney, of Harrisburg, 111. All the writers of these letters ex- 
 pressed regret that they could not bo present at Carbondale 
 this jubilee week. 
 Music Orchestra 
 
 TUESDAY EVENING, JUNE 13, 8 oYl.OCK P. M. 
 
 Last evening the hall was well filled at the time 
 for opening, perhaps more so than on Monday evening, 
 as more strangers were in town. The program of this
 
 774 
 
 evening was given by the Socratic Society, and was as 
 follows : 
 
 1. Grand March ' . - Orchestra 
 
 2. Invocation Samuel E. Harwood, M. A 
 
 3. Address by the President W. Gordon Murphy 
 
 Mr. Murphy spoke of the aims of the society in its 
 work in the school, of some of the results that had been 
 accomplished, and of what can be clone in the future. 
 
 4. Quartet "Twilight Bells" Jennie Hopper, Jennie Hill, Mabel 
 
 Houts, and Anna Lightfoot 
 
 5. Essay "The Mission of Nations" Ella Gillespie 
 
 The mission of the Greek nation was to give to the 
 world fine arts and literature. Rome's mission was the 
 arts of war. The Roman law was elastic, and "hence 
 made room for progress. England's mission is the ac- 
 quiring of wealth. The mission of the United States is 
 freedom to the world. 
 
 G. Discussion "Shall wo Return the Phillipines?" Affirmative, 
 Renzo Muckleroy. Negative T. B. P. Smith 
 
 The first speaker gave four things that could be done 
 with the islands, i. Give them back to Spain. 2. Give 
 them their freedom. 3. Give them to other nations. 
 4. Keep them ourselves. After presenting the usual ar- 
 guments on the first three, the speaker concluded that 
 the fourth was stronger than either of the others. The 
 speaker took up two points, principally, the argument 
 against imperialism, or that the Constitution did not give 
 us any warrant for acquiring new territory. The second 
 was that the right of government came from the consent 
 of the governed. 
 
 7. Piano Duet "Valsc Tyrolienne". . . .Bertha Spence, Ethel Grouse 
 
 8. Recitation "The Light on Dead Man's Bar," Nellie Thornton 
 
 The rendering of this was fine. 
 
 9. Oration "Illinois." Thoman J. Layman
 
 775 
 
 Illinois is a wonderful state. Mr. Layman spoke of 
 the early exploration of Illinois by LaSalle and Joliet, 
 and the work of Marquettc among- the Indians. Now 
 the state ranks second to none in educational affairs. 
 Shurtleff College was founded more than seventy years 
 ago. Less than seventy miles from Carbondale stands 
 "Old Kaskaskia," or did before it was washed away by 
 the water of the Mississippi, the site of the first capital 
 of the state. In time of war, both in the late war with 
 Spain and the war of the rebellion, Illinois has shown her 
 patriotism by responding nobly to the call on her for men. 
 Among the great men she has furnished the nation stand 
 Lincoln, Grant and Logan. 
 
 10. Chorus Misses Jennie Hopper, Jennie Hill, Mabel Houts, 
 
 Anna Lightfoot; Messrs. Arthur Lee, Frank Mackey, 
 E. B. Vaughn, and T. B. F. Smith 
 
 The song, "Jubilee," was acted as well as sung, and 
 was excellent. 
 
 11. Oration "Problems of the Age," and Presentation of Diplo- 
 
 mas J. Oscar Marberry 
 
 Every age has its problems that are peculiar to it. 
 Every nation has its own problems that are its own her- 
 itage. In this day of American progress this nation has 
 its problems, two of which were specially mentioned ; 
 first, the problem of labor and capital. The history of 
 the past few years is a story of the conflict between these 
 two forces ; a story of the conflict between the strong and 
 the weak. Second : Increase of population in our large 
 cities is followed by an increase of crime. Both of these 
 problems must be met by a more complete system of ed- 
 ucation of the masses. At the close of the address the 
 Seniors formed in a row and received at the hands of Mr. 
 Marberry the diplomas from the Socratic Society given to 
 those who were members.
 
 116 
 12. Selections from "Lady of the Lake.^ 
 
 A bower of leaves had been prepared on the stage 
 large enough for all the performers of the evening. Now 
 the curtain was run down in front of this bower, all but 
 the electric light extinguished, and a magic lantern light 
 so arranged that it could be thrown on the bower. Cps- 
 tumes had been procured for those who were to take part 
 in the pantomime. Miss Lulu Whittenberg recited the 
 "Lady of the Lake," or selections from the poem, and 
 at points where it could be well illustrated by the charac- 
 ters in pantomime. The reading would stop, the lights 
 turned off, the curtain rolled up, and the actors would be 
 shown for about a minute in the exciting or interesting 
 part of what had been recited. Then the curtain would 
 be rung down, the lights turned on and the reciting re- 
 sumed. It was well executed. The cast of characters 
 was as follows : 
 
 Ellen Douglas '. Anna Nelson 
 
 Earl Douglas D. C. Jones 
 
 Roderick Dhu Walter Ste wart 
 
 James Fitz James S. Boomer 
 
 Malcolm Graeme Roland Brinkerhoff 
 
 WEDNESDAY MORNING, JUNE 14. 
 
 The Alumni Association met in Socratic Hall to par- 
 ticipate in and listen to a program that had been pre- 
 pared of reminiscences of the different classes in the past 
 history of the school. Dr. J. T. McAnally, of the class 
 of '78, took the chair at the appointed hour and called 
 the meeting to order. After music by the orchestra, the 
 the President called upon Miss May Wright, of Cobden, 
 who was to represent the class of '76. After a few intro- 
 ductory remarks Miss Wright spoke of the different mem- 
 bers of this class of five, the first class to graduate from
 
 117 
 
 the school. Mr. Beverly Caldwell has been teaching 
 since his graduation, and is now at the head of the State 
 Normal School of Louisiana. Mr. John C. Hawthorn 
 studied law after his graduation, but only lived a few 
 months after. Mr. George C. Ross taught for a number 
 of years, but is' now in the Department of the Interior at 
 Washington. Miss Wright read a short but interesting 
 letter from Mr. Ross. Miss Wright did not speak of the 
 other member of the class, John C. Brown, but she said 
 afterward that she had lost all trace of his whereabouts. 
 In conclusion Miss Wright spoke of reminiscences of Dr. 
 Allyn, and of a lesson the class learned from a class in 
 drawing. 
 
 The class of '77 was represented by Hon. W. H. 
 Warder, of Marion. He said in standing here it seems 
 but a short time since Commencement day in 1877. The 
 class of '77 was not so large as some classes that have 
 graduated since, but they have been enthusiastic in doing 
 the work they have been called upon to do. Miss Arista 
 Burton has made a faithful teacher, and is still in the 
 work in Colorado Springs, Colo. Mr. England taught 
 for a time, but is now in the noble calling of a farmer 
 near here. Miss Belle Barnes married Dr. H.H. Green, 
 of Bloomington, and is now working in the high and no- 
 ble sphere of wife and mother. A letter was read from 
 Mrs. Green with regrets that she could not be with us 
 to-day. 
 
 No one responded to the call of the class of '78. 
 
 When the class of '79 was called there was no re- 
 sponse, and Miss Buck was called out to speak for that 
 class. She said she had thought all the time she was a 
 member of the Alumni, but had not known before what 
 class she belonged to. The class was one of three classes 
 who had only one woman in its number. In this case the
 
 118 
 
 one, Miss Ida McCreery, after teaching for three years, 
 had been called to the higher life in the world above, 
 Mr. A. C. Burnett, after graduating, studied law, but 
 was now so busy with his bank affairs in Lamar, Mo., 
 that he could not be here. George H. Farmer, after 
 teaching several years in the state, went south, and is 
 now teaching in Vandale, Ark. Mr. L. M. Phillips is 
 enjoying the felicity of having married his second wife, 
 and could not come. He is a dentist in Nashville, and 
 finds so many teeth that need attention, and the care of 
 the little girl who has no teeth so great that he readily 
 finds an excuse for not being here. 
 
 The class of '80 was passed with no response. 
 
 The class of '81 was represented by Mr. John W. 
 Lorenz, of Evansville, Ind. Mr. Lorenz said : 
 
 Fellow Alumni, Ladies and Gentlemen: 
 
 It has always been a most undesirable task for me 
 to make an address, but when this call came to say a few 
 words for my class on this occasion, I rejoice to do it. 
 
 The class I represent is the one which graduated in 
 '8 1. Just eighteen years ago all of us received our di- 
 plomas and departed for our various fields of labor. 
 
 We were an unusually gcod class. There is nothing 
 surprising about it. We had studied Natural History ac- 
 cording to the ^French" method; we had gone to 
 "Rome" for our Latin and Greek ; we had been ** Fos- 
 ter"-ed in Geography, History and Physiology, and had 
 "//w//"-ed all the theorems and problems of Higher 
 Mathematics. Besides this we relished and cherished a 
 long list of other studies, among which were the wonder- 
 ful phenomena of Physics and Chemistry under the man 
 who started at the lowest round of the pedagogic ladder 
 by teaching a lonely district school. By diligent atten- 
 tion to duty, performing each to the best of his ability, he 
 rose, step by step, to the highest round, and is to-clay 
 the honored President of this justly famous Southern Il- 
 linois Normal University.
 
 119 
 
 I have always admired this class. We could all live 
 in the same little village and competition among the va- 
 rious vocations be the very keenest, yet there would be 
 no animosity among us. Ours would only be that noble 
 emulation to see which one can do the most good. No 
 two of us follow the same occupation. 
 
 We have, among our number, the lawyer and states- 
 man, the financier and banker, the devout minister, the 
 farmer, who is one of the corner-stones of national pros- 
 perity ; the surveyor, who tells us how far our real estate 
 extends, and, last but not least, the sine qui no;i, the one 
 without which everything is nothing the uncrowned 
 queen of the home. 
 
 We did wisely in first obtaining a collegiate educa- 
 tion before starting on our life work. It has been to us 
 what the giant-minded Cicero, about two thousand years 
 ago, so tersely said: ""Education fosters youth, delights 
 old age, secures prosperity, furnishes a place of refuge 
 and solace in adversity ; it is a joy at home, no impedi- 
 ment when abroad, passes the night with us, and is a 
 a companion in our walks and in our recreations.'" 1 
 
 We are enthusiastic believers in popular education, 
 and hope the time not far distant when every child in this 
 extraordinary land of ours will get, not only a common 
 school education. 
 
 Next to that, each child should be made a study as 
 to what it is best fitted for, and allowed to pursue that 
 vocation for which it is best qualified by nature, or for 
 which it has the most desire. You who are judges of 
 horses can tell at once whether a certain animal would be 
 most serviceable for a buggy or for heavy draught, and it 
 is accordingly bought or sold for that purpose. Give the 
 human subject the same careful consideration in that re- 
 spect, and you will have an age in which every man and 
 woman is happy and prosperous in the pursuit of his or 
 her work, and attaining the greatest success possible. 
 
 Thus laboring, pursuing, achieving, rejoicing, on- 
 ward our life journey goes, each one so living that when 
 that summons comes to join the innumerable caravan that
 
 120 
 
 moves to those glorious realms, we go, not like the quarry 
 slave at night, scourged to his dungeon, but sustained 
 and soothed by an unfaltering trust, we approach our 
 graves like those who "wrap the drapery of their couch 
 about them and lie down to pleasant dreams." 
 
 When the class of '82 was called Mrs. W. H. Liv- 
 ingston, of Pana, responded with an excellent paper: 
 "To those of us who were present at the laying of the 
 corner-stone of this State Normal that bright May day in 
 1870; to us and to the teachers who began this work 
 twenty-five years ago, this week shows an abundant har- 
 vest from so small a seed. These six days of jubilee will 
 not suffice to give a summary or a synopsis of the great 
 work done for the state of Illinois by this school since 
 that spring day/ 1 Mrs. Livingston gave some reminis- 
 cences then of the laying of the corner-stone, in which 
 she mentioned the little sprig of evergreen that was placed 
 in the little box, and .of the fulfillment of what it was in- 
 tended to symbolize in the faithful work done here. The 
 silent influence of the building in the betterment of school 
 architecture, was also spoken of. Then followed mention 
 of some of the members of the class. Adella Good all, 
 now Mrs. Dr. Mitchell, of Carbondale, is one who cor- 
 dially welcomes back the old students, those of her class 
 and others. Wezette Atkins, now Mrs. C. W. Parkin- 
 son, is at present at home in Carbondale, but in the fall 
 will remove to Edvvardsville, where her husband is to toe 
 Superintendent of Schools. Arthur K. Parkinson is in 
 business in Chicago. Dr. H. A. Stewart is also a resi- 
 dent of Chicago, where he has a lucrative practice. Liz- 
 zie Deardorf, now Mrs. DeMoss, in Ballard, a suburb of 
 Seattle, -is busy looking after her household duties and 
 a seven-year-old son. Mr. Albert Mead is a lawyer, of 
 Blaine, Washington, but his home is in New Whatcom.
 
 121 
 
 He is well spoken of in the New Whatcom Reveille, the 
 paper published by Prof. Hull. Mr. W. J. Ennison is 
 now a lawyer in Hartford, Conn. Mr. John W. Wood, 
 so long a teacher, has at last, he says, accidentally changed 
 work, and is now a merchant in Floresville, Texas. After 
 some more reminiscences of schooldays and faculty, Mrs. 
 Livingston closed with a poem that was one of Dr. Al- 
 lyn's favorites "Rain on the Roof/' 
 
 There was no response when the classes of '83 and 
 '84 were called. 
 
 For the class of '85 Mr. J. P. Gilbert, of McLeans- 
 boro, sang a solo. 
 
 Class of '86 was responded to by Mrs. J. J. "Irvin, of 
 Ed wards ville. Mrs. Irvin was known here in school as 
 Miss Louella Nichols. Mrs. Irvin entered the Normal in 
 the fall of 1883, and on November 26 of that year oc- 
 curred the fire that destroyed the first building. She was 
 in the drawing-room working as one of a class on a pict- 
 ure. How well she remembered those ducks, and how 
 hard she worked to get them on paper, her first picture. 
 It was lost in the fire with the Normal building. Her 
 class of thirteen was the last to graduate in the tent out 
 on the campus. Mrs. Irvin spoke of several members of 
 her class, closing with mention of Edgar L. Storment, 
 who had so recently passed away to his work in the upper 
 world. He would no more meet with us here on earth, 
 but we could meet with him. A. H. Fulton is now County 
 Superintendent of Schools at Phoenix, Arizona. 
 
 D. J. Cowan, of Vienna, 111., responded to the call 
 for the class of "87. The class of '87 was the largest 
 but one of any class that has been graduated from the 
 Normal, containing twenty-eight. The class of '97 num- 
 bered twenty-nine. As with the other classes, while nearly 
 all had taught since graduating, the class now contained
 
 122 
 
 in its ranks lawyers, doctors, railroad agents, one editor, 
 one County Judge, one Miss May Cleveland a trained 
 nurse, and our genial friend, Cicero Hawkins, who 
 should have spoken for the class to-day, is State's Attor- 
 ney for Perry county. Our class is all right and is proud 
 of its Alma Mater, the Southern Illinois Normal, and the 
 work she is doing. In 1889 I was in New Whatcom, 
 Washington, little thinking that I should find any one I 
 knew in that part of the country, when who should come 
 up with hand extended but James H. Kirkpatrick? Meeting 
 him at that time where I was a stranger was a greater 
 pleasure than meeting with all of you here to-day. Mr. 
 Kirkpatrick is still teaching. I spent seven years on the 
 Pacific coast. 
 
 There was no response to the call for the class of '88. 
 W. H. Hall, of Chicago, had been expected to give 
 reminiscences of his class, but was not here. 
 
 William Wallace, of Charleston, was down on the 
 program for the class of '89, but not responding, Super- 
 intendent Walter King, of Tamaroa, was called out to 
 speak for the class. His first reminiscence was of the 
 times they used to have in the Socratic Society when he 
 was a member. "It was a fact that if there was a fight 
 on hand in society work I was in it. Just before gradu- 
 ating Dr. Allyn called the class into the reception room 
 and pinned a small bouquet of daisies onto the coat or 
 dress of each one, and said, 'This is the daisy class.' Of 
 the class I can say but little. Miss Parks is here in the 
 Training Department ; Miss Lois Allyn, after teaching 
 four years, married and is now Mrs. Mason, of Winchen- 
 don, Mass." He here read a letter from Mrs. Mason. 
 Mrs. Mamie Bridges was married and is living in Missouri. 
 Mr. J. D, McMeen was at Jonesboro, but he did not know 
 where he was now.
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
 
 123 
 
 There was no response when the class of '90 was 
 called. 
 
 Miss Addie Hord, of Murphysboro, read the follow- 
 lowing poem when her name was called to represent the 
 class of '91 : 
 
 THE CLASS OF '91. 
 
 Backward, turn backward, O time, if you may, 
 Bring back our school life just for to-day; 
 Classmates, come back to this dear spot once more, 
 We'll laugh and be happy the same as of yore. 
 
 Wear on thy foreheads no shadow of care, 
 
 Smiles and glad voices must be everywhere; 
 
 No frowns, doubts, nor fears, for there surely were none 
 
 Found on thy faces in the days of 'ninety-one. 
 
 Backward, flow backward, O tide of the years, 
 We're tired of the school-room, its toils and its tears: 
 Toil richly recompensed, tears not in vain, 
 But take them and give us our school days again. 
 
 Then we were happy, light-hearted and free, 
 With never a thought, Alma Mater, but thee; 
 We loved thee so well that not one could brook 
 A frown from the Doctor, cross word or look. 
 
 Over our lives in the days that have flown, 
 But few so care free ever have shown; 
 We laughed at our lessons, yet often we sighed, 
 When on our papers a low grade we spied. 
 
 Our work in school or society hall, 
 
 Has left, I'm sure, sweet memories for all, 
 
 Which through sorrows or pleasures, long will cling, 
 
 Tenderly cherished in the hearts of eighteen. 
 
 Tho' happily passed our school terms away, 
 We longed the while for graduation day. 
 But when at last the longed for time had come, 
 Closing the work for the class of 'ninety-one,
 
 7 ."4 
 
 It seemed to us then that we could not tear 
 Our lives from the ties which held us there; 
 And into our hearts a sadness came, 
 Knowing as a class we'd ne'er meet again, 
 
 "We plant for the ages," our motto so grand, 
 We tho't quite worthy so loyal a band; 
 "We plant for the ages," our motto was then; 
 It might be "We help," could we choose it again. 
 
 We felt in this life we'd a great work to do, 
 Must prove to the world we wero loyal and true. 
 Has the world been startled? 'Twas by the sound 
 Of our ideals as they fell to the ground. 
 
 Perhaps many hopes lie crushed at our feet, 
 The lessons they taught, tho' bitter and sweet, 
 Did we seek to win with too great a zest, 
 And find that our talents would not stand the test? 
 
 The student builds castles for future day 
 The teacher smiles as they vanish away ; 
 But peace, sweet peace, into our lives may creep 
 If content to sow for others to reap. 
 
 Classmates, dear classmates, we'll-gather to-night 
 And clasp our hands with an old-time delight; 
 A happy reunion, yet happier still, 
 If every member his place could fill. 
 
 With, classmates, loved President and teachers gone, 
 Whose fa^es we miss from among the throng, 
 There can not be, till our life work is done, 
 A perfect reunion of the class of 'ninety-one. 
 
 John W. Emerson, of Albion, was next called upon 
 to speak for the class of '92. He said : 
 
 "Seven years ago the class of '92 launched forth 
 from this haven. Our little barks have been scattered in 
 every direction by wind, wave and current. Some have 
 found a safe harbor in distant ports, others of us have
 
 125 
 
 anchored near the shore ; but ever the trembling pen- 
 nants of our hearts have looked back to this fair isle we 
 left. And to-day, as we gather in fraternal reunion, 
 our minds are busy with the memories of days that are 
 past. 
 
 "I shall not endeavor this morning to indulge in 
 reminiscences of those times that are gone. Pleasant 
 and profitable were those clays, and long shall we cherish 
 them in our hearts. I desire to speak a few words in be- 
 half of those teachers who gave their best energies that 
 we might become leaders of thought in the communities 
 in which we lived. Some have passed beyond the river. 
 Some have removed to other fields ; and yet a few still 
 remain faithfully toiling that the youth of Southern Illinois 
 may become wiser and better. Have these teachers left 
 no monument by which the memories of their work shall 
 be perpetuated? Over the inner entrance of St. Paul's 
 cathedral, London, you may read the epitaph of C. Wren, 
 its architect. It is this: 'Reader, if thou desirest his 
 monument, look around you.' That, my friends, is the 
 epitaph of the teacher of the Southern Illinois Normal. 
 'If thou desirest his monument, look around you/ Not 
 at this beautiful building and its modern equipments, but 
 at the trained young men and women who in nearly every 
 community of our section are working out the problems 
 of higher destiny. Honor, then, it will be, my fellow 
 alumni, when our summons comes to join the 'innumer- 
 able caravan' to leave upon this prairie sod of Illinois a 
 memorial similar to that which they have erected. 
 
 "Seven years ago the class of '92, consisting of 
 twenty-two members, completed their course at this in- 
 stitution and received their diplomas from one who had 
 spent a long and useful life in the cause of education. 
 For more than palf a century he had labored to better 
 equip young men and women in the complex duties of 
 life that they might become an honor to themselves and a 
 blessing to humanity. It is but fitting that the class of 
 '92 should give special honor to that President whose 
 career as President ended just when we completed our
 
 126 
 
 course. Dr. Allyn lives to-day in the hearts of those 
 who in his later years went out from the portals of this 
 institution. Impossible is it for us to measure the good 
 that this revered schoolmaster has done. Through 'his 
 influence homes were made happier, schools better, and 
 communities stronger. He lighted the land of Egypt 
 with the purer light of intelligence and morality. Nor is 
 his beneficent influence confined to the past. His earthly 
 form has been laid away, but the influence of his noble 
 character lives on, and will continue to live on and on, 
 down the generations, blessing mankind and shedding its 
 rays of hope and love all along the pathway of humanity. 
 
 "Truly has it been said that the greatest teachers of 
 humanity are the lives of our great men. They are a 
 never-failing source of inspiration, and, guided by their 
 example, we may become wiser and better. 
 
 "And to-day let us. not forget another who was an 
 ever-ready helper in our times of need. His cheery words 
 and jovial spirit drove away the shades of despondency. 
 His song and story lightened the cares of school life, and 
 his friendly counsel and generous aid helped us over 
 many of the rough places of our school career. Prof. S. 
 M. Inglis has been called to his reward ; but 'to live in 
 hearts we leave behind is not to die.' He has left his 
 impress on the schools of our state ; he has left his im- 
 press on the hearts of his pupils and his countrymen. 
 
 "Members of the class of '92, let the good that 
 these men have done be an inspiration to us. Let the 
 example of those yet living prompt us to greater ac- 
 tions and nobler endeavor. Let us by word and encour- 
 agement show our appreciation of their efforts. Let us 
 from year to year gather here in annual reunion to re- 
 count the pleasant experiences of the past, and renew our 
 allegiance to our Alma Mater. Let us do more than this. 
 Let us pledge the best energies of our lives for the further- 
 ance of the cause for which this institution was founded 
 for the cause which is rapidly making 'Egypt' no longer 
 a by-word and reproach, but is making it a synonym for 
 intelligence, prosperity and happiness.."
 
 127 
 
 When the class of '93 was called, Miss Sarah Whit- 
 tenberg, of Vienna, responded : 
 
 "What of the class of '93? Though our roll boasts 
 the historic names of Brown and Curtis, a Davis and a 
 Moore, we know of no story of remarkable achievement 
 with which to entertain you. We recall nothing in the 
 history of our class, when connected with our Alma Ma- 
 ter, to justify a hope that we would startle the world with 
 a Marconi, a Kippling, or a Funston, or a Dewey. Yet 
 in earnestness of purpose, in plodding perseverence, and 
 in the quiet virtues that make up the character of the typ- 
 ical American citizen, we're not found wanting. 
 
 "When organized, having in our minds the rather 
 stormy career of a sister class, we inscribed upon our 
 banner the watchword 'Peace,' and save some slight 
 skirmishing occasioned by the conflicts of our wills with 
 that of the powers that were, we were true to our resolu- 
 tion. Thus favored with domestic tranquility, and with 
 most pleasant relations toward our honored faculty and 
 fellow students, the remembrance of our sojourn in the 
 university is fraught with many very precious recollec- 
 tions. Among the most precious of these are those in 
 which the venerable and much loved Dr. Allyn figured. 
 Except during our senior year it was our privilege. to be 
 connected with the university during his presidency. I 
 would be but giving expression to an experience common 
 to very many whom I address should I relate instances 
 in which he manifested scarcely less than a father's in- 
 terest in our welfare. My classmates will enjoy living 
 over with me again the following incident : For some 
 time there had been an uncertainty as to who shall select 
 the minister to preach the baccalaureate sermon. Finally 
 the question is decided and the choice is left to us. With 
 one mind we 'selected Dr. Allyn; and at an appointed 
 time repair in a body to his home to make known for- 
 mally our wishes. He kindly welcomed us, accepted our 
 invitation, surprised us with refreshments provided for 
 our pleasure, and for an hour graciously entertained us. 
 A few Sabbaths later we listened to the last baccalaurate
 
 128 
 
 address delivered by Ur. Allyn. Before another year 
 passed he had joined the company of the immortal. 
 
 "We would not fail in these reminiscences, gratefully 
 to recdll the other members of the faculty from 1888 to 
 1893. Of these Professors Hull, Buchanan, Hall, Roch- 
 eleau and Misses Finley, Robarts, Green, Anderson and 
 Mrs. Way have entered other fields of labor. Professor 
 Inglis has joined Dr. Allyn in the home above. To the 
 memory of each one of these, and those who are now 
 connected with the university, the class of '93 is loyal. 
 
 "Returning to the halls of our Alma Mater on this, 
 her twenty-fifth anniversary, we are not an unbroken band. 
 Even the first year of our separation death claimed 
 for his own one whose manly, Christian character had 
 been an inspiration to us. A life full of promise seemed 
 to have been ended all too soon, yet the brief career of 
 Charles L. Stout brought a blessing to the world. 
 
 "Numbering sixteen, representing fourteen counties 
 in Illinois and one in a distant state, and serving in six 
 honorable avocations, we, the class of '93, hope to bear 
 honorably our share of the responsibility which rests pe- 
 culiarly on the Alumni of the Southern Illinois Normal 
 University the responsibility of wielding an influence 
 that will so mould public sentiment as to make Southern 
 Illinois the peer of any section of our great state, or, in- 
 deed, of the nation/" 1 
 
 Class oi '94 was represented by a solo by Miss Har- 
 riet Jenkins, of Evansville, Ind. 
 
 Class of '95, not represented. 
 
 Class of '96 George D. Wham, of Olney, re- 
 sponded to the call of his name : 
 
 "First of all, I esteem it a privilege to speak for the 
 class of '76. It is a double honor, both from the occa- 
 sion, the first of its kind in the history of the school, and 
 from the character of the class, which embodies as much 
 real manhood and womanhood as could be found in any 
 class, not only of this, but any other institution. The 
 class of "96 was a good example of unity in diversity.
 
 129 
 
 We were of all ages, sizes, complexions, temper 
 and temperament ; and yet no class, perhaps, dis- 
 charged its class duties with better agreement and good 
 feeling. 
 
 "I will not try to rehearse the various experiences 
 of my class, although they were new to us then and dear 
 to us now. I do not suppose we escaped the vanities or 
 blundering of other classes, and our ups and downs were 
 your ups and clowns, with modifications of circumstances. 
 
 "Like the alumni of other years, we have kept our 
 eyes turned toward the Normal, eagerly watching for 
 every sign of progress. Our strongest and best reason 
 for this is the affection we feel for an institution that has 
 been to us a kind, fostering mother. Generally speak- 
 ing, we graduates are judged by what the school is now, 
 and not by its standard when we graduated. If the school 
 improved, our prestige as graduates increases according- 
 ly. If the school goes down, we will get less credit from 
 the public than we deserve. Thus for two reasons love 
 for our Alma Mater, and love for ourselves we are in- 
 spired with an anxiety to see the Normal making steady 
 and rapid progress. And in these brief three years we 
 have not been disappointed. 
 
 "A criterion of success in a Normal is to be found 
 in the attitude of its graduates toward the profession of 
 teaching, and the ultimate question is whether or not it 
 sends forth professional teachers who desire to teach for 
 the sake of teaching, and who feel there is something 
 more to be desired than salary. I think there are two in- 
 dications that such a work is being done in the Southern 
 Normal. One is that of recent years more students than 
 before expect to make teaching their profession. While 
 this condition exists there will be less speculation at lunch 
 hour about medicine and law, and more earnest effort in 
 the class room to getting ready for the business of teach- 
 ing. A second reason is that graduates are not so anxious 
 to become superintendents of schools. The time was 
 when a subordinate position was looked upon with scorn, 
 and the Senior set his stakes at once for some position
 
 130 
 
 ot prominence and salary. Not that any of us would 
 particularly avoid such a position now, but the sentiment 
 is changing, and has already changed. An evidence of 
 this condition is the demand for High School positions. 
 I am told that a majority of the graduates of the last few 
 years choose to become teachers of special subjects where 
 actual teaching can be done. It certainly is an indication 
 of great significance that the students here are so devel- 
 oping that they are willing, regardless of immediate re-' 
 ward, to serve wherever they can do the most effective 
 work." 
 
 There was no response when the class of '97 was 
 called. 
 
 For the class of '98 Miss Margery Wilson, of Car- 
 lyle, responded : 
 
 "One of the speakers spoke of his class being the 
 'daisy' class. The class of '98 also had the daisy as its 
 floral emblem. What js the real value we get from a 
 Normal school? In the great universities where the num- 
 ber of students is large, the personal contact of student 
 and teacher is lost. Our school is not large, but there is 
 a personal influence goes out from teacher to pupil, and I 
 like it." 
 
 Miss Wilson spoke of the influence the true teacher 
 might have upon the "giggling girl and the fighting boy." 
 
 "There is a certain stage in the adolescence of youth 
 when a girl will giggle, not specially because she has 
 something to laugh at, but because at this period of ado- 
 lescence it is her nature to do so. It is useless to try to 
 suppress the giggle, but try to so direct the child that 
 there is an appreciation of her surroundings, and show 
 her that there is really much that may provoke mirth, and 
 much that is more serious. In the pugnacious age of the 
 boy, try to lead him to fight, instead of his playmates, his 
 evil passions and impulses." 
 
 WEDNESDAY EVENING. 
 
 At about six o'clock the Alumni, Faculty, Board of
 
 737 
 
 Trustees and friends assembled in the gymnasium, where 
 tables had been set for two hundred guests, and the an- 
 nual Alumni banquet was held. After a reasonable time 
 had been devoted to a feast of the good things that had 
 been prepared, and those present had enjoyed a period of 
 social intercourse, the President of the association, Dr. 
 J. T. McAnally, acting as toastmaster, called for responses 
 to sentiments given from several present. Mr. C. W. 
 Bliss was asked to speak in behalf of the former Board 
 of Trustees : First, he was not in extra condition for a 
 speech ; had reached Carbondale about two o'clock the 
 morning before ; no bed to be found at the hotel, but was 
 given a lounge ; in the morning he found he had been 
 sleeping on a relief map of Colorado, head perched on 
 Pike's Peak, feet on Marshall's Pass, while his body lay 
 in the Royal Gorge. Did not come one hundred and 
 fifty miles to make a speech, but to see the members of 
 the old Board, who were to be here. Several stories were 
 told to illustrate as he went along. One of the things 
 the old Board did was to build the science building within 
 the appropriation given by the state, which was not done 
 by any other Board in the state. Our system of educa- 
 tion, both High school and lower grades, is open to the 
 criticism that it gives the child a great many subjects, but 
 does not give him enough of any of them. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Ogden was called upon to respond for 
 the Faculty of the past. Mrs. Ogden began in the Model 
 school, passed on up from there to the Normal, and grad- 
 uated ; taught eight years, then married, and has now a 
 home and two children to care for. She had visions of 
 Prof. Hillman, the teacher of Arithmetic ; visions of gath- 
 ering in front of his home and hearing "Hark, Orcelia, 
 we're being serenaded." Visions of Prof. Foster, the 
 teacher of Physiology ; of his being called from the class
 
 75.? 
 
 one day to find, on his return, that the class were not in 
 quite the order they were when he left them a moment 
 before. "What! Such behavior in this class !" Visions 
 of Miss Mason, the teacher of the Training Department ; 
 Miss Buck, serene in her back room, surrounded by her 
 boys and girls we thought she gave more attention to 
 the boys than to us. Visions of Mrs. Nash, the teacher 
 of Drawing: "Now, George, what are you doing?'" 
 Visions of Dr. Thomas trying to teach a class of mis- 
 chievous children: "Now, children, I shall have to take 
 a stick to you if you don't behave." "I was asked to 
 become a member of the Faculty during the time school 
 was held in the temporary building. Dr. Allyn came to 
 me and said that some of the teachers had more than they 
 could do, and needed help ; would I come down the nexi 
 morning and help them? I came. My work during the 
 years I taught gave me great insight into the keen per- 
 ception of that grand man. He never asked a thing of 
 his teacher that he thought could not be done. He 
 praised, but not in flattery. He might give work that 
 seemed beyond our ability to do, but which we did do." 
 
 Prof, Kirk was called upon to speak for the present 
 Faculty : 
 
 "I esteem very highly the tribute to address such a 
 representative body as this. We are like trees. 'By their 
 fruits shall ye know them.' This term five hundred and 
 thirty persons have been enrolled in the school, and we 
 graduate a class of twenty-two. We are not to be looked 
 upon, as to the good we do, by the size of the class we 
 graduate, for more than twenty times the size of the class 
 have come under the school's influence. We might com- 
 pare our pupils, as they go out, to inanimate objects of 
 nature, some of them subject to the influences of their 
 surroundings more than others. Those who are intel- 
 lectually strongest are least subject to their surroundings. 
 Men without character are most subject to such influences,
 
 133 
 
 and accomplish least in life ; men of character accomplish 
 the most. I have compared this school with other, insti- 
 tutions, and the comparison is not to the discredit of this 
 school. This school's individuality has wrought right- 
 eousness in the heart. So long as I see here men who 
 rely on God's direction, the school is going to prosper. 
 Holland said 'a time like this demands men.' All times 
 demand men of strong minds, ready hands and steady 
 hearts." 
 
 State Superintendent Alfred Baylis was next called 
 upon to speak for the present Board of Trustees : 
 
 "If I were to say the first thing that comes into my 
 mind I should say that, though nearly a stranger, I was 
 associated as one of the members of the Faculty. Through 
 her I learned much of the members of the Faculty, and 
 learned to reverence Dr. Allyn." (To illustrate the great- 
 ness of this country, Supt. Baylis told a story of a Brit- 
 isher who became acquainted with an American on a voy- 
 age from London to New York. On reaching New York 
 the Londoner said to his companion that he had a friend, 
 Henry, in San Francisco, and another friend, John, in 
 Chicago, and that after breakfast he believed he would go 
 to see Henry and stop over a few minutes to see John, 
 but would be back to lunch with him. On reaching the 
 station he asked for a round-trip ticket to San Francisco, 
 with a stop-over at Chicago. While the agent was fold- 
 ing up the long roll of ticket he asked the price, and was 
 thunder-struck when told. 'Well, how far is it?' The 
 agent gave him the figures over 3,000 miles when he 
 fainted. Recovered in a short time enough to say, 'Mer- 
 ciful heavens, what a ^reat country !' and then gooff 
 in another faint.) "It is a great country. Perhaps the 
 development is greater since the founding of this institu- 
 tion. In my early life boys used to leave college, go to 
 Southern Illinois and Missouri in the beginning of the 
 wheat harvest to help cradle and bind the grain, working 
 their way north to Michigan, and making money enough 
 to take them through the next year in school. Now there 
 is a great change. The twine binder has taken the
 
 754 
 
 place of the cradle." (Another instance of progress was 
 spoken of.) "Some boys took sardine cans and found that 
 by carefully taking out one side and fastening a string to 
 the other, with a can on each end of a string, and the 
 string stretched, they could talk over the string so as to 
 be understood. But little did these boys think that in a 
 short time the modern telephone would take the place of 
 the sardine cans and string. A few months ago war was 
 declared with Spain. The soldiers who volunteered were 
 young, and it was said that these young fellows would 
 not make soldiers. But they did make soldiers, and 
 brought the war to a speedy close. Young manhood has 
 maintained the prestige of the past. This is the work of 
 schools. The business of the teacher is to develop man- 
 hood. The duty of this school is to prepare teachers to 
 do this work. Use the money given by the state to the 
 best advantage, in a way that will make the most of it. 
 The school is now twenty-five years old. One of the 
 strongest allies to the Carbondale school are the under- 
 graduates. If the Alumni and these stand by it, it will 
 be maintained." 
 
 Here the banquet adjourned to Normal Hall, where 
 addresses were given by Prof. G. V. Buchanan, of 
 Sedalia, Mo., and ex-Lieutenant Governor Joseph B. 
 Gill, of San Brenardino, Cal. 
 
 It was hoped that the entire addresses could be 
 printed in this volumn, but the committee was driven to 
 the painful duty of making but a brief reference to the 
 subject matter as presented by the honored members of 
 the Alumni Association. 
 
 ALUMNI ADDRESSES. 
 
 Prof. George V. Buchanan, class of '84, took for his. 
 topic -'Dick Olmstead, an Average American Boy,. 
 Reared Under Average American Conditions:" 
 
 i ..> heio of the address was born amid the simplest 
 environments of a frontier home in the Mississippi Val-
 
 186 
 
 ley. His parentage was of such a type as to secure for 
 the young lad such a character as was needed to meet the 
 untoward surroundings of his early life and prepare him 
 for the highest usefulness in later years. Being born into 
 a family of older children, this little group was a minia- 
 ture state in its varied interests and the solution of many 
 problems of equity and justice. 
 
 The speaker followed the little urchin through the 
 years of childhood, boyhood, young manhood and ma- 
 turity, showing the salient influences that are so patent in 
 the proper development of the individual, claiming that 
 there are two giant forces playing upon the life for weal 
 or woe heredity and environment. With the first the 
 teacher has little to do ; with the second much more. 
 
 The mother has much to do with the spiritual devel- 
 opment of the child, and so has the primary teacher. 
 Froebel and Pestalozzi were reformers in this respect. 
 Within the last decade a new impetus has been given to 
 the study of the individual child. Due honor was paid to 
 the work of the kintergarten in the early teaching of 
 children. 
 
 The address was replete with wholesome truths that 
 proved the speaker to be a thoughtful student of the 
 problem of the proper training of the child through the 
 various stages of his development. He paid a fitting 
 tribute to the loyal and hopeful mother who retained her 
 faith in her thoughtless boy when all other friends had 
 deserted him. The story of the youth preparing to leave 
 home for the academy, his life there, his graduation, and 
 later his experience in college, the study of law, his suc- 
 cess in the practice of his profession, his marriage, the 
 beautiful family he gathered around him, the first shadow 
 that flitted across his pathway in the long illness and 
 finally the death of a devoted daughter, followed by a
 
 136 
 
 decided growth of Christian character and enlargement of 
 soul power, was portrayed in a most charming manner. 
 The hearers were led to see that the most critical time in 
 life of this noble character was when the destiny was 
 largely in the hands of the devoted mother and faithful 
 teachers. The speaker closed with the following forceful 
 utterances: "Many noble boys are smothering worthy 
 ambitions for need of far-sighted friendships to point 
 them to the star of possibility. Let us highly resolve to 
 direct American youth to the royal road of honor ; to that 
 big highway > which is paved with honesty, industry and 
 perseverance, where living is not drifting but is manly 
 strife in spirited contest ; where great characters are de- 
 veloped in the heat of action, and where the thrill of 
 honest effort is a constant stimulus to greater exertion." 
 
 Hon. Joseph B. Gill, class of '84, ex-Lieutenant 
 Governor of Illinois, spoke on the "History of Alumni" 
 (Limited). 
 
 The highly appreciated address began by an allusion 
 to the visit of Saturn to Italy, where a citadel was founded. 
 In recent times, by statutory enactment, representatives 
 of the empire state of Illinois came to Carbondale and 
 founded the Southern Illinois Normal University. 
 
 Having passed through a history of twenty-five 
 years, it is fitting, said the speaker, that some recognition 
 be given to those who have completed the courses of study 
 during this time and added the luster of their lives to the 
 glory of the last quarter of a century of the world's his- 
 tory. The number of our association now entitles it to 
 consideration and honored recognition. Those who have 
 been the most successful have had the hardest battle. 
 
 A hasty review was given to the effect of the influ- 
 ence of so large a company of cultured men and women
 
 757 
 
 being distributed throughout the length and breadth of 
 the land. 
 
 The honored speaker referred to the many improve- 
 ments made in the buildings, grounds, and general equip- 
 ment of the institution. He dwelt upon the modern style 
 of writing names ; instead of the John S. Brown graduate 
 of former years he becomes John Sherman Brown ; the 
 J. C. B. Jones changes to John C. Babbington Jones ; 
 the Mary J. Smith, after marriage, transforms to the 
 hyphenated Marie Janet Smythe-Trope." The first 
 movements of the graduate is marked by the utmost 
 grace and charming precision. With head erect, step 
 elastic, easy manners, courtly grace, and bewitching 
 smile, he is in love with himself and at peace with the 
 whole world." 
 
 The speaker in his inimitable style, pictured the 
 graduate in his first attempt at making a living. 
 
 "From the unstilled seas on the north to the Ameri- 
 can dependences in the south, and from the Atlantic 
 across the continental divide to the Pacific you will find 
 the normal graduate, whose expansion is second only to 
 that of his country." 
 
 Mr. Gill showed that the Alumni had entered all of 
 the professions and had, with few exceptions, reflected 
 credit upon their Alma Mater. The great bulk have been 
 and are teachers, "which is -the highest compliment." 
 They have been gradually promoted till many of them oc- 
 cupy positions of merit and honor. The ministers have 
 diligently sown tne seed and harvested golden results. 
 The editors are not a few, "moulders of public opinion." 
 The lawyers are not wanting; "they put asunder what 
 the ministers put together." They are exceedingly re- 
 served and advance rapidly ; the client does the "advanc- 
 ing," and the lawyer handles the "reserve." Physicians
 
 735 
 
 are numerous ; their fees are reasonable considering the 
 valuable services rendered. Patients "are in the hands 
 of their friends" when they appeal to our doctors. The 
 merchant, the farmer, and the politician are not wanting, 
 each filling a needed place in the community in which 
 they strive. "Love of country and true patriotism are 
 emblazoned on our banner. Our volunteer soldiers 
 climbed San Juan Hill for the sake of humanity, and 
 crossed the rivers in the Philippines in horseless carriages, 
 or otherwise, to prevent the cannibals of these islands 
 from eating each other." In closing the speaker said : 
 "Everything augers well; let it be said in the future, as 
 now and heretofore, that we have not proved recreant to 
 our trust, but at all times and under all conditions have 
 lived honorable- lives and been worthy of our beloved in- 
 stitution." 
 
 THURSDAY MORNING, JUNE 15. 
 
 At ten o'clock the Faculty, Seniors, Board of Trus- 
 tees and distinguished visitors marched from the Presi- 
 dent's office to the platform in Normal Hall under the 
 direction of Prof. S. E. Harwood. After the music, and 
 invocation by Rev. J. W. Parkhill, of the Presbyterian 
 church, Dr. Parkinson introduced Emerson E. White, 
 LL. D., of Columbus, O., as the orator of the day. 
 Reference was made to the authorship of White's series 
 of Mathematics, but more -recently a writer of pedagog- 
 ical works, and his leadership in educational matters in 
 the nation. 
 
 Dr. White spoke on "The Duty of the Hour:" 
 "Childhood is a warfare. On the one side are reason 
 and conscience ; on the other are a gang of animal appe- 
 tites, which, says Mann, are of the nature of beasts and 
 birds of prey. But not more fierce are the battles that 
 may be seen in an eagle's nest than in the warfare be-
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
 
 139 
 
 tween the passions in the breast of a child. What so 
 sweet as a darling little babe ; and yet the sweet babe be- 
 came the bloodthirsty Nero. If in the development of 
 the child the higher nature is made to conquer, then the 
 life is one of honor and usefulness ; if on the other hand 
 the lower nature conquers, then the life is one of shame. 
 In this we see that, though there are great possibilities in 
 the life of a child, the mere possession of such possibili- 
 ties clothed in a god-like nature is not the fruition. 
 
 It is not necessary that the child be born to affluence ; 
 the highest achievements of the human race have been 
 by those born in obscurity and poverty. Charles the 
 Fourth of France was the son of a peasant girl. In our 
 own country it was the poor boy who struck the shackles 
 from four millions of slaves, and took his high place in 
 history. 
 
 There are three voices to be heard in the cry of 
 every child. Whose duty is it to hear these voices and 
 respond to them? It is the duty of the parents to re- 
 spond to the first of these voices. They are God's vice- 
 regents on earth, charged with a duty to train the child, 
 and they can not shirk this responsibility. A few years 
 ago I heard a brilliant lecture on "Home, Sweet Home," 
 which was infamous. The speaker asserted that mar- 
 riage is a contract, and hence the parties making the con- 
 tract had a right to annul it. Marriage may be in one 
 sense a contract, but it is the only contract in the uni- 
 verse that brings a child into the world ; and that takes it 
 out of the list of ordinary contracts. The state is inter- 
 ested in the outcome of the bringing up of the child. 
 
 Second, the community in which a child is born is 
 interested in the control and bringing up of the child. If 
 the community could control the life of every child, crime 
 would be lessened if not abolished. The state, as an en-
 
 140 
 
 larged and organized community, has an interest in the 
 outcome of that child's bringing up, as the welfare of the 
 state depends upon its being done properly. 
 
 Third, the property of the state should respond to 
 the voice of the child. All the property in the state is 
 under mortgage to educate that child, and a first mort- 
 gage, too. It is the only mortgage I know that increases 
 the value of the property. Thus we see three agences in 
 the bringing up of every child first, the family, second, 
 the community, and third, the state with all its property. 
 All these are in triple alliance for the preparation of that 
 child for manhood. Besides these there is another potent 
 agency, the church, that may and should have an in- 
 fluence on the life of the child. These are a summary of 
 the arguments for universal education by the state. 
 
 Of the arguments that are brought forward one party 
 asserts that the state has no right to educate that be- 
 longs to the family. Another says that the state may ed- 
 ucate in "three r's," but has no right to go any farther. 
 But there are only two positions that can be defended in 
 this argument. First, the state has no right to teach any 
 branch. Second, the state has a right to teach any 
 branch that may help humanity. There is no middle 
 ground tenable. The state has either plenary right, or it 
 has no right in the education of its realm. 
 
 The aristocracy sometimes assert that education is 
 spoiling the youth. Carnegie affirms that we are over- 
 educating our children. But the people do not consult 
 the aristocracy in this matter, but know what they want. 
 
 In the last fifty years the nations of the world have 
 been to school. My little arguments are weak enough 
 when compared with what the nations have worked out. 
 
 First, the state must educate its citizens that it may 
 be strong in war. In 1806 Napoleon I proclaimed war
 
 747 
 
 against Prussia, and after a decisive battle was able to 
 dictate a treaty of peace. Frederick the Great shut him- 
 self in his castle sixty days and called a council. The 
 verdict of the council was that Napoleon I had gained be- 
 cause of the superior intelligence of his army. The re- 
 sult was that as soon as the assembly could be called to- 
 gether an edict of universal education was passed. Prus- 
 sia passed out of thought as a military power, but her 
 schools were famous. In 1866 another war was declared. 
 King William called together an army of 300,000 men, 
 hurled them over the mountains of Bohemia, and the 
 Austrian army was broken in pieces as the Prussian army 
 had been crushed before. It was not the needle gun, 
 but thought, that defeated Austria. What did Austria 
 do? She put into her laws, as soon as a bill could be 
 framed, compulsory education, that her children should 
 be put into the schools. We will guarantee what the re- 
 sult will be. 
 
 Six more years passed when Napoleon III declared 
 war against Prussia and was met by an army of 500,000 
 men called from the schools of Prussia. This army cross- 
 ed into France and defeated the French. Who conquered 
 at Sedan ! Not the Prussian needle gun. Gambetta 
 was not defeated by superior numbers, nor by superior 
 generalship, nor by superior arms. In all these the 
 French soldiers were the peer of their foes. On the 
 Prussian side every man had at least a common school 
 education ; on the other side forty-five per cent, could not 
 sign the pay roll. What did France do after her defeat? 
 As soon as a law could be framed, passed one of the 
 most complete systems of public education known in his- 
 tory. France appealed to the teacher to regain what she 
 had lost in war. Now if France^ can keep her temper,
 
 U2 
 
 and recent events seem to indicate she can, she is going 
 to become a great nation. 
 
 Again, the little island country, Japan, accepted war 
 with that hoary nation, China, whose population was 
 numbered by hundreds of millions, and swept the Chinese 
 from the seas in sixty days. Who conquered China? 
 Twenty-five years ago Japan's school system was orga- 
 nized by two Americans. Every man in her army was 
 educated to some extent at least, every officer was a 
 scholar. 
 
 It is said by some one that the American marine has 
 not an equal in the world. Meehan says naval battles 
 are not won by ships ; they are won by men. The Amer- 
 ican marine are not only intelligent, but they have a 
 conscience. 
 
 Second, we must also educate that we may be pros- 
 perous in times of peace. The Indian builds his rude 
 wigwam of one room, fashions his bow and arrows and 
 is contented. Educate him and the rude wigwam gives 
 place to the cottage and the bow and arrows are replaced 
 by the implements of civilization. Everywhere, the world 
 over, the ignorant live in hovels. Wherever you find a 
 schooled people you find prosperity. Education pro- 
 motes industry. Schooling makes labor more helpful 
 and more productive. Horace Mann once asked several 
 employers of large numbers of men in manufacturing es- 
 tablishments who in their employ, the educated or the 
 uneducated, were the most skillful in their work, other- 
 things being equal. The replies were unanimous from 
 the different employers that those who had at least a fair 
 education were the most skillful. Schooled workmen rise 
 in their grade of work, the ignorant sink. The schooled 
 soon find themselves promoted to the higher class of 
 work and better pay, ^anairkthat is. mure, difficult to per-
 
 143 
 
 form yet lighter. Everywhere the business man recog- 
 nizes that other things being equal the schooled man is 
 the most proficient. 
 
 The year that the World's Fair was held in London 
 Queen Victoria sent invitations to all the nations of the 
 world, and the richest products of human workmanship 
 were gathered from all nations in the great exhibition. 
 These exhibits were classified in ninety departments. 
 When the report on the awards was made known it was 
 found that England had carried off the palm of excellence 
 in all but ten departments of the ninety in the exhibition, 
 and there was rejoicing all over England at the result. 
 
 Sixteen years passed over Europe, when Napoleon 
 III sent forth his invitation to the nations, and the best 
 products of human labor were gathered in Paris. These 
 were divided into ninety departments as they had been in 
 the great London exhibition. When the awards were 
 given this time it was found that England had been vic- 
 torious in but ten out of ninety departments, and that the 
 United States had carried off prizes in twenty-seven de- 
 partments, Prussia and France having the rest. A meet- 
 ing was called in London to inquire into the cause of so 
 few of the prizes going to that country. Why the great 
 defeat? As a result of that meeting the Queen appointed 
 a commission to inquire into the cause. The testimony 
 of their commission was that England had been defeated 
 at Paris by the schoolmaster. The evidence was that in 
 the workshops and factories of victorious nations you do 
 not find a machine tending a machine, but thought is 
 tending the machine. The result of this was that as soon 
 as a bill could be passed by Parliament there was estab- 
 lished for the first time the school that compelled the 
 children of the poor to be educated. 
 
 At the World's P^air at Vienna, twenty years later,
 
 744 
 
 England rose in the scale of excellence of her exhibits. 
 At the next meeting at Paris she rose still higher. At 
 the Chicago World's Fair in 1893, tne verdict 
 is not known, but it is known that England 
 stood well. Only one verdict has been seen, 
 and from that we find that France led the world in 
 the manufacture of artistic goods. When we consider 
 that their common school system provides for courses of 
 drawing, from the artistic standpoint this verdict is not 
 to be wondered at, as this is taught to every child in the 
 nation. Here I might say that during our late war with 
 Spain it was thought for a time that France would join on 
 the side of Spain. In some of the large cities of this 
 country the leading women met and decided that in case 
 France did side with Spain they would buy no more goods 
 of French manufacture. The manufacturers of that coun- 
 try, seeing the danger to their trade, used their influence 
 and the alliance was not formed. All nations are now 
 appealing to the teacher that their workmen may be more 
 skillful and that their manufactured products may find a 
 market. 
 
 In my youth grain was cut with a sickle, the same 
 kind of a tool that was used in the time of Boaz and 
 Ruth, the grain being grasped in one hand and cut with 
 the other, and it was possible for one man to cnt about 
 an eighth of an acre a day. Some ingenious Yankee con- 
 ceived the idea that wooden fingers might take the place 
 of the hand to grasp the grain, and the result was the 
 invention of the square-cornered cradle. With this one 
 man could cut an acre a day. But this was too heavy, 
 and the next thought was to round off the corners and 
 made the cradle lighter. With this one man could cut an 
 acre and a half of grain in a day. Now, with the com- 
 bined reaper and binder three men and a boy can cut and
 
 745 
 
 put up fourteen acres of wheat in a day, the boy to drive 
 the team of three horses, and the three men to follow 
 after and put the bundles into shocks. 
 
 To-day electricity and steam are used to draw our 
 street cars in our large cities, and the horse and mule are 
 put to other service. Before twenty-five years expire 
 the powers of earth and air will be used to plow our 
 fields and harvest our ^rain. Mind is going to relieve 
 muscle, and do it skillfully. These arc but illustrations 
 of the effect of the schools on human industry. 
 
 The state must educate that human liberty may en- 
 dure in the republic. The will of a people is law in a re- 
 public. It is all idle talk to maintain, as Matthew Arnold 
 does, that a saving remnant or minority of intelligent 
 people in a republic is sufficient. There must be a saving 
 majority. A virtuous few can not leaven the lump of the 
 American people. ' It must be a virtuous majority, and a 
 large majority at that. Daniel Webster maintained that 
 there were three conditions essential to the maintainance 
 of the republic first, universal education, second, a uni- 
 versal voting franchise, and third, proper distribution of 
 landed property. 
 
 The ballot box must shape the destiny of our nation. 
 When liberty is lost she will be buried in the tomb of in- 
 telligence. In the last presidential election the ballot was 
 cast by more than one million who could not read or 
 write. The salvation of the American republic is in the 
 dispersion of the vast army of ignorance. Every child 
 born under our flag must be prepared to meet the respon- 
 sibilities of citizenship if our nation is to be perpetuated. 
 We must see to it that there is a school for every child, 
 and that every child is in the school. Nowhere do I say 
 this with so much enthusiasm as in the south, where this 
 question comes home to the people as to nowhere else.
 
 146 
 
 Where the American flag goes in power, there the teacher 
 must go with her primer. She must be a Christian 
 teacher, too, if the masses are to be educated to meet 
 the corruption of the times. What constitutes a state? 
 Not cities and commonwealths, but MEN. 
 
 At the close of Doctor White's lecture Doctor Park- 
 inson stated that for several years .past it had been the 
 custom for the President of the Board of Trustees to pre- 
 sent the diplomas to the members of the graduating class. 
 As the President of the Board, Judge Wheeler, could not 
 be present at this time, he had asked State Superintend- 
 ent Alfred Bayliss to take his place. Mr. Bayliss was then 
 introduced to the audience and addressed the class : 
 
 "I regret the absence of the President of the Board, 
 but as he is absent I am glad to have the honor of confer- 
 ring diplomas on the class. I congratulate you on having 
 completed your work in the school. The lecture we have 
 just listened to is one of the strongest arguments possi- 
 ble for universal education. The idea is not new, but was 
 as old as the counsels of the gods on the heights of 
 Olympus. In response to who should be crowned as the 
 greatest benefactor of mankind, first came the lawyer 
 with his claim that he had prevented extortion and in- 
 justice ; then came the doctor with his claim that he 
 healed the wounds of mankind. So the minister and the 
 laborer came, each with his claim of having benefited hu- 
 manity. At last an aged man came, but presented no 
 claim. When asked for his claim to be the greatest ben- 
 efactor of mankind, he said he had no claim, but came 
 with these, his pupils, to see to whom the award was 
 given. At once Jupiter said, 'Crown him, crown the 
 teacher as the greatest benefactor of the human race.' 
 
 "If the child has a mortgage on all the property of 
 the state, as Doctor White argued, you are to collect the
 
 747 
 
 interest on the mortgage and see that it is properly ex- 
 pended in his education." 
 
 After the delivery of the diplomas Dr. Parkinson 
 read letters from Hon. C. W. Terry, of Edwardsville, 
 and Judge Wilkins, of Danville, expressing regrets that 
 they could not be present on this jubilee occasion.
 
 Faculty- Past and Present, 
 
 RANVILLE F. FOSTER was a native of New 
 Brunswick, where he received his early education, 
 and taught four years. He came to Illinois in 
 1865 and taught in Sterling, Brighton and Du Quoin till 
 he was elected to the chair of history and geography in 
 1874. He held this position nine years and then resigned 
 to go west. He has since been constantly teaching in 
 California. His home is in Berkeley, where his children 
 have had the advantages of university training. 
 
 CYRUS THOMAS was born and educated in Tennessee. 
 He came to Illinois in 1849 and began the practice of law 
 in 1851. He was soon lured from this by his love of 
 scientific pursuits, and connected himself with the U. S. 
 Geological Survey of the Territories. Here he came in 
 contact with the remains of pre-historic civilization, and 
 then his life work was determined. He held the chair of 
 natural science for six years, and at the same time was 
 State Entomologist. In 1877 he was on the U. S. Com- 
 mission to Investigate Locusts. In 1882 he was chosen 
 to the department of ethnology' in the Smithsonian at 
 Washington, D. C. This position he filled many years. 
 He has written several books which are accepted as 
 authority by students of this subject. 
 
 ALDKN C. HILLMAN was one of the first Faculty, com- 
 ing as principal of Preparatory Department and teacher 
 of Arithmetic. He was a native of New York, where he 
 received his education and began teaching. He came to
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
 
 \ 
 
 149 
 
 Illinois in 1855, and taught in our public schools till 1866, 
 when he became Superintendent of Schools in Washing- 
 ton county. In 1871 he was chosen President of Illinois 
 Agricultural College at Irvington, which place he resigned 
 on the opening of the Southern Normal. He remained 
 nine years, and resigned to seek a home in Salina, Kan- 
 sas. Part of the time he has taught in that state, and he 
 has been County Superintendent of Schools. 
 
 JENNIE CANDEE was born in Indiana, but was educated 
 at Galesburg, Illinois. She taught some years in the 
 public schools, and in 1879 entered upon her duties as 
 teacher of Drawing in the Southern Normal. In 1882 
 she resigned and married Mr. S. T. Brush, of Carbon- 
 dale. 
 
 MARY A. SOWERS, of the class of '81, had charge of 
 the Training Department during the trying time of the 
 fire. She is now Mrs. J. C. Scott, of Carbondale. Alice 
 Krysher succeeded her in the Normal. She was of the 
 class of '82, and is now Mrs. W. H. Livingston, of 
 Pana, Illinois. As these ladies were graduates, further 
 mention is found among the Alumni records. The same 
 is true of Mary Wright, class of '76. She was valedic- 
 torian of her class-, and when called to be assistant in 
 Reading and Arithmetic in the opening of 1886 it was a 
 disappointment that lack of health permitted her to re- 
 main but one term. She is now caring for her aged 
 parents on the home farm near Cobden, Illinois. 
 
 INEZ I. GREEN accepted the chair of geography in 
 1883, left vacant by the resignation of Mr. Foster. She 
 held this position fourteen years. Before coming she had 
 taught in Mount Vernon, 111. She !? now principal of 
 jhe high school at that place.
 
 150 
 
 On the resignation of Miss Raymond in 1884, LIL- 
 LIAN B. FORDE was elected teacher of writing and drawing. 
 She had received thorough training for her work in the 
 schools of Boston, where she had resided. She remained 
 but one year, but is still remembered for her excellent 
 work and winning manners. 
 
 When Mr. Brownlee resigned in 1886 G. V. BUCHAN- 
 AN, of the class of '84, was given the chair of mathematics. 
 He had been a successful teacher before taking the course 
 in the normal, and had done fine work as superintendent 
 at Salem since his graduation. He remained seven years. 
 Since that time he has been superintendent of schools in 
 Sedalia, Mo. 
 
 MARY A. ROBARTS, class of '85, was employed as as- 
 sistant in arithmetic and reading in 1886, and remained 
 seven years. She is now Mrs. M. H. Ogden, of Car- 
 bondale. 
 
 LIZZIE M. SHEPPARD, class of '80, was given charge 
 of the grammar school when it was separated from the 
 primary grades in 1888, and held the position until she 
 resigned in 1892, and married Dr. J. K. Miller, of Gree- 
 ly, Colorado. 
 
 MARY MCANALLY, class of '78, was engaged as assist- 
 ant in 1888, and remained one year, when she resigned 
 'and married Mr. Norman A. Moss, of Mt. Vernon, Illi- 
 nois. 
 
 W. H. HALL, class of '88, superintended the Carbon- 
 dale public schools a year, and then took the chair of 
 Arithmetic in the Normal. He held the position four 
 years. He is now the business manager of Lewis Insti-
 
 151 
 
 tute in Chicago. As the five last mentioned are all grad- 
 uates, their records are found among the alumni of the 
 school. 
 
 W. F. ROCHELEAU, a teacher of large experience and 
 ability, came to the chair of Pedagogy and principal of 
 the Training School when the place was left vacant by 
 the promotion of Mr. Hull to the presidency of the Nor- 
 mal. He retained the position three years, resigning to 
 seek a climate better suited to his health. He is the 
 author of several exceHent works, among them a fine 
 series of readers. He has since been Superintendent of 
 the Streator schools. 
 
 CHARLES W. JEROME, A. M. Born September 8, 
 1838, in Onondaga county, N. Y. His father was a 
 farmer, merchant and minister. Graduated from McKen- 
 dree College in 1852. On'e of the founders of the Pla- 
 tonian Literary Society of that institution. After gradu- 
 tion he taught first in Danville and Shelbyville semina- 
 ries. Entered the Union army in 1862 ; was regimental 
 quartermaster and first lieutenant. Mustered out in 1865. 
 Returned to Shelbyville to resume charge of the semi- 
 nary, where he remained till 1869, when he was elected 
 principal of the Bedford Male and Female Seminary in 
 Shelbyville, Tenn. Elected to the chair of Ancient Lan- 
 guages and registrar of the Southern Illinois Normal in 
 1874. This place he ably filled till the summer of 1890. 
 
 JULIA F. MASON Born in Polo, Ogle county, 111., 
 July 13, 1853. Family moved to Normal in 1865 to ed- 
 ucate the children. Graduated from the Illinois State 
 Normal in June, 1 1872. Taught in the schools of Win- 
 chester and Lincoln the two years following. Elected to 
 the principalship of the Model School in the Southern
 
 152 
 
 Illinois Normal in September, 1874. Resigned December 
 8, 1876. Married D. B. Parkinson December 28, the 
 same year. Died in San Jose, Cal., August 6, 1879. 
 Buried in the cemetery of Bloomington, 111. Her life 
 was one of rare excellence and Christian beauty ; her 
 death peculiarly fitting one whose faith and trust had 
 been unusually comforting. 
 
 MRS. HELEN M. NASH Born in Vermont ; educated 
 in the public schools of her native state and in a Catholic 
 convent at Washington, D. C. Maiden name was Rice. 
 Husband a civil engineer. Elected to the chair of writ- 
 ing and drawing in the Southern Illinois Normal in Sep- 
 tember, 1876, which position she filled for three years. 
 She possessed an ambitious spirit and a frail body, but 
 was able by dint of great courage and persistence to ac- 
 complish much. She often said that she wished she 
 were a man. Her friends have enjoyed a number of vis- 
 its from her since her withdrawal from the school. 
 
 ESTHER C. FINLEY Born in Lebanon, 111., November 
 3, 1844. Father a teacher and minister ; at one time the 
 president of McKendree College. Graduated from the 
 Presbyterian Academy, Jacksonville, 111., in 1861. 
 Taught in a private school in Lebanon from 1861 to 1864 j 
 in Illinois Female College from 1865 to 1871 ; principal 
 of the Richview public schools for six years ; assistant in 
 Mount Vernon, 111., high school one year. Received the 
 degree of A. M. from the Illinois Wesleyan in 1876. 
 Elected to the chair of geography in the Southern Illinois 
 Normal in 1878, which position she efficiently filled till a 
 change in the administration of state affairs brought about 
 many changes in the Board of Trustees and Faculty in 
 1893. She retired in June of that year. Miss Finley was 
 active in the iaculty and every good work.
 
 753 
 
 MARY ALICE RAYMOND Born in San Francisco, Cal., 
 September 26, icS56. Educated in the public schools of 
 St. Louis and Lebanon, and in McKendree College, 
 where she graduated in 1873. Taught in the public 
 schools from the lower grades to the high school of Mt. 
 Vernon from 1874 to 1882, when she resigned to accept 
 the position of teacher of writing and drawing in the 
 Southern Illinois Normal. This position she filled ac- 
 ceptably till she resigned in 1884. Married D. B. Park- 
 inson July 30, the same year, in whose home she contin- 
 tinues to reign queen. 
 
 JOHN BENGEL, 1883-1886. From the first there was 
 a demand for instruction in the modern languages ; this 
 demand had been met by several of the teachers of other 
 departments, especially by Prof. GranvilleF. Foster, who 
 retired in June, 1883. Mr. Bengel was elected to the 
 chair of modern languages soon afterward. He began 
 his work the term in which the original building was de- 
 stroyed by fire, remained a member of the faculty while 
 in the temporary building, and closed his connection with 
 the school the June following the opening of the present 
 main building. He died in St. Louis in the summer of 
 1886. 
 
 CHARLES HARRIS, A. M., 1886-1888. Successor to 
 Mr. Bengel. Born in Edwards county, 111. Educated 
 in the home school, and in Oberlin College. After serv- 
 ing two years as teacher of French and German in the 
 Normal he desired to prosecute his studies still further. 
 This led him to resign. Since then he has been the au- 
 thor of several text-books in German. 
 
 MRS. CLARA B. WAY, 1890-1894. Maiden name 
 French. After many years of successful teaching in Mt.
 
 754 
 
 Vernon and Nashville, 111., she was called to the chair of 
 Latin and Greek made vacant by the resignation of C. 
 W. Jerome in 1890. She was characterized by her strict 
 devotion to duty and high regard for the proper influence 
 of the teacher upon the life of the student. Her sterling, 
 womanly qualities rendered her one of the most valuable 
 members of the corps of instructors in the institution. 
 She now teaches in the high school of Cairo, where her 
 services are highly prized. 
 
 ANN C. ANDERSON, 1886-1893. Upon the resigna- 
 tion of Miss Alice Krysher in June of 1886, Miss Ander- 
 son' was elected to the vacancy as principal of the Model 
 School. She came from the principalship of the nigh 
 school of Nashville, where she labored successfully for 
 several years. She brought a new life to the department 
 and inaugurated a number of new features, especially that 
 of special teaching of music in the lower grades. With 
 Miss Anderson began the very attractive closing exer- 
 cises of the department as a part of commencement week. 
 She resigned in 1893 to accept a position in the River 
 Falls Normal School of Wisconsin. 
 
 JOHN M. PIERCE, A. M., 1892-1894. BorninOak- 
 ville, III., December 21, 1859; son of a physician; edu- 
 cated in the home school and the Southern Illinois Nor- 
 mal University, where he entered September 11, 1876, 
 remained several years. Afterwards attended Washing- 
 ton and Johns Hopkins and Harvard Universities ; elect- 
 ed to the chair of German and Physical Training in the 
 Southern Normal in 1892, remained two years, when he 
 returned to Harvard to continue his studies in philosophy. 
 At present is associated with E. O. Vaile in the publica- 
 tion of "Intelligence" and "News Current."
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
 
 155 
 
 THEDA GILDEMEISTER, 1893-1897. Upon the resig- 
 nation of Miss Anderson, Miss Gilclermeister was elected 
 as principal of the first six grades of the practice school. 
 She had for several years labored in the public schools of 
 Hillsboro subsequent to her graduation from the Illinois 
 State Normal. The department made marked progress 
 under her administration, due in no small degree to the 
 aid of an assistant which for the first time was provided. 
 She now occupies a similar position in the State Normal 
 at Winona, Minn. 
 
 IRENE FENGUSON, 1893-1897. Miss Ferguson came 
 to assist in the Practice School. Had been engaged for 
 several years in the public schools of Hillsboro. The 
 children in the Practice School will never forget her moth- 
 erly care and thoughtful consideration of their wants. 
 The value of her services has established the need of two 
 teachers in charge of the first six grades. Her successor 
 is Miss Parks, whose appointment is noted elsewhere. 
 
 PROF. SAMUEL M. INGLIS, 1883-1894. The above 
 former member of the Faculty filled a unique place in the 
 institution in that he, in addition to being a teacher, was, 
 prior to that relation, a member of the Board of Trustees, 
 having been appointed by Governor Cullom to succeed 
 Hon. L. M. Phillips, who died in December, 1880. Prof. 
 Inglis served as Trustee till the expiration of the term, 
 March 25, 1883, and later a member ex-officio. He was 
 elected to the chair of Mathematics the same year of 1883, 
 and served till his election to the Superintendency of Public 
 Instruction in 1894. This position he ably filled till he 
 was called to his reward in the better life in May, 1898. 
 The subject of this sketch is entitled to more .than a 
 passing notice in this connection. He was regarded as
 
 156 
 
 an active and wise counselor in the deliberations of the 
 Board of Trustees, ever ready to further any movement 
 that looked toward the best interest of the institution. 
 Having been actively engaged in the public school work 
 for fifteen or more years, he was familiar with the needs 
 of teachers, and was in close sympathy with the work of 
 the different departments of the Normal. 
 
 As a member of the Faculty he was an untiring 
 worker, an enthusiastic and inspiring teacher, and a lover 
 of children and ambitious youth ; ever on the alert to 
 render timely service to the struggling student. His 
 buoyant spirit served as a stimulus to his associates in 
 spurring them to more active endeavor. 
 
 The Faculty and students were deeply interested in 
 his candidacy for the position of State Superintendent, 
 and recognized the compliment paid to the school when, 
 by a large majority, he was chosen to the exalted office. 
 They took pride in his success, and stood ready to aid 
 him in every way possible to make his administration as 
 popular and successful as had been his previous career 
 as an educator. 
 
 The news of his demise ^cast a deep gloom over the 
 school. But his friends rejoice that their lives came in 
 touch with so noble a spirit, and rest in the faith that he 
 now enjoys the rich reward that awaits the faithful and de- 
 voted laborer in the vineyard of the Master. 
 
 HANS BALLIN, a native of Germany, graduated from 
 the High School at sixteen, and came to America at sev- 
 enteen. He taught at Erie, Pa., and Sandusky, O., 
 coming to the Normal in 1894, an( l remaining in charge 
 of the gymnasium two years. He is now teaching at 
 Little Rock, Ark.
 
 757 
 
 ARISTA BURTON graduated in the class of '77, and 
 taught in a number of High Schools in this state. She 
 was elected to the chair of History in 1893, holding that 
 position four years. She is now teaching at Colorado 
 Springs, Col. (See "History of the Alumni." ) 
 
 MILITARY DEPARTMENT. 
 
 CAPT. THOS. J. SPENCER, 1877-1880. Detailed by 
 the War Department to organize a military department 
 in the Southern Illinois Normal in the summer of 1877. 
 Born August 2, 1842. Educated in native city, McKen- 
 dree College, and at the University of Michigan. While 
 at the latter school he entered the Union Army May 28, 
 1 86 1 . Participated in the first battle of the war, June 1 1 , 
 1 86 1, at Rich Mountain, W. Va. Commissioned second 
 lieutenant by President Lincoln August 2 1 , 1862. Served 
 on the staffs of Generals Rosecrans, G. H. Thomas, W. 
 B. Hazen, M. L. Smith r,-;-^ Win. T. Sherman. Par- 
 ticipated in twenty-two general engagements and served 
 a term in Libby, Chattanooga, Knoxville and Lynchburg 
 prisons. 
 
 LIEUT. Hu<;n T. REED, 1880-1883. Born August 
 17, 1852, in Richmond, Ind. Attended the public schools 
 of that city and also a private school of same place. En- 
 tered the University of Michigan September, 1868, and 
 remained one year, when he entered the military academy 
 at West Point, July i, 1869. Graduated June 13, 1873, 
 and appointed second lieutenant. Promoted to first lieu- 
 tenant July i, 1879* Is the author ot several valuable 
 books on military science, which are used quite exten- 
 sively by the government. 
 
 LIEUT, CHARLES G. STARR, 1883-1886. Born in
 
 753 
 
 Kankakee, 111., February 25, 1857. Early education re- 
 ceived in Kankakee, Westbrook Seminary at New Port- 
 land, Maine. Entered West Point Military Academy 
 June i, 1874, from the Eighth District of Illinois, gradu- 
 ated June 14, 1878, and appointed second lieutenant 
 June 28. Served with honor for several years on the 
 frontier. Married Niss Ellen A. Norton, October 13, 
 1 88 1, in San Antonio, Tex. Detailed to the Military 
 Department of the Southern Illinois Normal University, 
 March 8, 1883. Promoted to first lieutenant September 
 20, 1883. At the expiration of his detail he returned to 
 his regiment. 
 
 LIEUT. JAMES F. BELL, 1886-1889. Capt. Spencer 
 was the first detailed officer placed in charge of the Mili- 
 tary Department. Lieutenant Bell was the last. How- 
 ever, the equipment was allowed to remain one year 
 longer and under the management of Mr. George V. Bu- 
 chanan. Lieutenant Bell was progressive in spirit and 
 added much to the society interests of Carbondale. Be- 
 cause of meritorious conduct he was promoted from time to 
 time. In the late war he was made major because of 
 active and efficient service in the Philippine Islands, an 
 account of which was given in many of the magazines 
 and papers. Since the equipment for regular gymna- 
 sium work there is less demand for the Military Depart- 
 ment, but it served an excellent purpose at the time Qi 
 its existence. 
 
 PRESENT FACULTY. 
 
 The anniversary exerciss gave prominence to the- 
 early history of the institution, in all of which Miss MAR- 
 THA BUCK was an important factor. Receiving her educa- 
 tion at Chicago and Peoria, Miss Buck spent nine years,
 
 159 
 
 in public school work in Illinois before accepting the po- 
 sition which she now occupies in the Southern Illinois 
 Normal. Though thoroughly progressive in her ideas 
 along educational lines, her successful service of a quarter 
 of a century gives to the Faculty and institution an ele- 
 ment of conservatism that is that is essential to the sta- 
 bility of any institution of learning. Aside from Dr. 
 Parkinson, Miss Buck is the only member of the present 
 Faculty who has been connected with the Normal from 
 its beginning. 
 
 Another veteran whom the friends of the Southern 
 Normal delight to honor is Mr. GEORGE H. FRENCH, who 
 has been a member of the Faculty since 1877. A nor- 
 mal school education in the state of New York, together 
 with several years' experience as superintendent and col- 
 lege teacher of science, prepared him for the successful 
 work which he has done during the past twenty-two years. 
 
 The work of the Department of Drawing has for the 
 past fourteen years been in the hands of Miss MATILDA 
 N. SALTER. Miss Salter was educated at the Bettie 
 Stuart Institute, Springfield, 111., and at the Cooper In- 
 stitute of Art, New York. Her superior talent and ex- 
 cellent training in art and drawing, together with one 
 year's successful experience as assistant principal of the 
 Chester High School, led to her election to her present 
 position, which she holds with credit to herself and with 
 honor to the institution. 
 
 GEO. W. SMITH, M. A. (Blackburn University 1893), 
 came to the Normal in 1890, having had an experience of 
 twelve years in the public school work of the state. Pos- 
 sibly because of this experience as country school teacher, 
 High School principal and city superintendent, Mr. Smith
 
 160 
 
 * 
 
 is more closely in touch with the work of the public schools 
 than most of the members of the Faculty. After serving 
 for seven years as training teacher in the grammar grades 
 of the Practice School, he was made head of the Depart- 
 ment of History and Geography, which position he now 
 fills. 
 
 SAMUEL B. WHITTINGTON was educated at Ewing Col- 
 lege and at Danville, Indiana. He was superintendent of 
 the Benton, 111., schools four years; three years at Ava, 
 111., and two years at Mt. Vernon, 111. In 1893 he came 
 to this school as assistant in Mathematics. In 1896 he 
 was made head of the department of Physical Training, 
 and since 1897 nas given his entire attention to this work. 
 Mr. Whittington had completed a course in the Milwau- 
 kee Normal School for physical training, and to his efforts 
 and superior ability is due the fact that this department 
 is one of the most popular and successful in the Normal. 
 
 SAMUEL E. HARWOOD began his career as teacher in 
 a log school-house three miles north of Carbondale. He 
 afterwards taught in the public schools of Carbondale, 
 and was, for eleven years, engaged in the public school 
 work in Indiana, being superintendent of the Spencer and 
 Attica schools. In 1893 ne was appointed head of the 
 department of Mathematics of the Southern Illinois Nor- 
 mal, which position he holds at the present time. Mr. 
 Harwood is a graduate of the Terre Haute Normal, and 
 of Indiana University, from which institution, in 1892, he 
 obtained his M. A. He is the author of "Notes on 
 Method in Arithmetic," and has contributed largely to 
 educational journals. Himself a man of superior edu- 
 cation, he stands for thorough and scholarly work in the 
 institution. <
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
 
 161 
 
 CARLOS EBEN ALLEN, chair of languages, graduated 
 from the classic course at Carleton College, Northfield, 
 Minn., in 1894. ln ! 893-4 he was tutor in Latin at the 
 Northfield Academy. In the same year of his graduation 
 at Carleton College, he was elected to the chair of 
 languages Southern Illinois Normal University. This 
 position he has since held with entire satisfaction. 
 
 HENRY W. SHRYOCK was graduated from the High 
 School at Olney, 111. After one year of post-graduate 
 work there he was elected principal, which position he 
 held for eleven years. During this time he obtained his 
 degree of Ph. B. from the Illinois Wesleyan. In 1894116 
 was elected to the chair of Literature and Elocution in 
 this institution, successor to Mr. S. M. Inglis. In 1897 
 hs was made Vice-President and Registrar. Mr. Shryock 
 is one of the most popular teachers of the Normal, and 
 is known throughout the southern portion of the state as 
 a lecturer of ability. 
 
 JAMES KIRK prepared for college in Washington Sem- 
 inary. In 1871 he. was graduated from Eureka College, 
 and in 1874 received the degree of A. M. from the same 
 institution. He has taught in country schools, in Eureka 
 College, has been Superintendent of Public Schools of 
 Woodforcl county, and of Washburn, Minonk and Pekin, 
 111., and Assistant State Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
 tion. In 1895 he was elected Superintendent of the Train- 
 ing Department of the Southern Illinois Normal. Having 
 seen service in so many departments of education, Mr. 
 Kirk is peculiarly fitted for his work, and is, perhaps, more 
 widely known among school men than any other member 
 of the Faculty. 
 
 JAMES H. BROWNLEE was graduated in 1870 from the
 
 162 
 
 classical course of McKenclree College, Lebanon, Illinois, 
 and a few years later received from his Alma Mater an 
 M. A. For eleven years he occupied the chair of Elocu- 
 tion and Literature in the Southern Illinois State Normal. 
 Mr. Brownlee has become so well and favorably known 
 throughout the state as a teacher and elocutionist that this 
 spring, 1899, he was elected by the Board of the Charles- 
 ton Normal to fill a chair in that institution. This posi- 
 tion, much to the regret of his many friends in this part 
 of the state, Mr. Brownlee has decided to accept. 
 
 Miss ADDA P. WERTZ received her education at 
 Bloomington, 111., and at the University of Minnesota. 
 She held responsible positions as teacher and supervisor 
 in Bloomington for twelve years. She spent five years in 
 Minneapolis as supervising principal, and received her 
 training there as a primary teacher under Sarah L. Ar- 
 nold, now of Boston. In 1896 she entered the Southern 
 Illinois Normal University as student of Pedagogy, and 
 in 1897 was ma de principal of Primary School and train- 
 ing teacher of the first six grades of the Practice School. 
 Miss Wertz is now one of the critic teachers in the train- 
 ing department. 
 
 ELIZABETH PARKS is an alumnus of the Southern Illi- 
 nois State Normal, a member of the class of '89. After 
 graduation she taught one year at Coulterville, and four 
 years at Du Quoin. In 1897 she was elected to a posi- 
 tion in the Southern Normal. She is now one of the 
 critic teachers in the training department, where she has 
 done excellent work with the practice teachers as well as 
 the pupils in the Model School. 
 
 WASHINGTON BEATV DAVIS, A. M., was graduated 
 from W abash College, Cfawfordsville, Ind, 1880, from
 
 163 
 
 the classical course. He was principal at Friendsville 
 two years, Superintendent at JFairfield six years, and Su- 
 perintendent at Nokomis three years. For five years he 
 was principal of the Preparatory School and occupied the 
 chair of History at Blackburn University, Carlinville, 111., 
 and Superintendent at Pittsfielcl, 111., two years. In 1897 
 he came to the Southern Normal as principal of the 
 Grammar Department, and has since been appointed to 
 fill the chair of Science. ' Mr. Davis is best known among 
 teachers for his successful institute work which he has 
 done in all parts of the state. 
 
 FRANK 'H. COLYKR, A. B., is an alumnus of the 
 Southern Normal, a member of the class of '89. He re- 
 ceived his degree of A. B. from Indiana University, and 
 has attended Chicago University one year. He was Su- 
 perintendent at Brown's and Albion, 111., and at Paoli, Ind. 
 He was elected assistant in Geography and History in the 
 Southern Illinois Normal University in 1897. Being a 
 university graduate and an alumnus of this institution, 
 Mr. Colyer is looked upon as a strong man, with superior 
 training. His work in General History is especially good. 
 
 MARY M. McNEiu, was graduated from Almira Col- 
 lege, at Greenville, 111. She received her musical educa- 
 tion from private tutors in St. Louis and at the College of 
 Music in Cincinnati. After doing studio work as a teacher 
 of Music, she was called to the chair of Instrumental 
 Music at the Southern Illinois Normal University in 1897. 
 
 H. J. ALVIS, another graduate of the Normal 
 ( 1898) to be called to a position in his Alma Mater, has, 
 during the past year, been an assistant in Latin and Math- 
 ematics. In the coming year he will be training teacher 
 in charge of the grammar grades of the Practice School.
 
 164 
 
 Mr. Alvis has taught several years in the public schools 
 of the state, and was, at the time of his election here, 
 Principal of the High School at Nashville, 111. Consider- 
 ing his length of service in the Normal, a more popular 
 teacher can, perhaps, not be found in the Faculty. 
 
 Miss MINNIE J. FRYAR (class of '86, S. I. N. U.) 
 taught in Anna, Carbondale, and Clinton, Iowa, six years 
 in all. In 1892 she was elected Librarian at her Alma 
 Mater, which position she has since held with credit, hav- 
 ing indexed the Library according to the modern Dewey 
 system. She has done other efficient work. 
 
 Miss* AUGUSTA McKiNNEY was educated at the South- 
 ern Illinois Normal University. She taught eight years 
 in the public schools of Carbondale, after which she 
 worked with Meyer Brothers Drug Co., St. Louis, until 
 she came here in the summer of 1897 as stenographer 
 and clerical assistant.
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
 
 1. George C. Ross, '76. 
 
 2. Mary Wright, '76. 
 
 3. James H. England, '77. 
 
 4. William H. Warder, '77. 
 
 5. Delia Caldwell, M. D., '78. 
 
 6. Charles E. Evans, '78. 
 
 7. Sarah Jackson Kimmel, '78. 
 
 8. John T. McAnally, M. D. '78. 
 
 9. Mary McAnally Moss, 78. 
 
 10. Andrew C. Burnett, '79. 19. Wezetta Atkins Parkinson, 'I 
 
 11. Ida M. McCreery, '79. 20. Lizzie Deardorf DeMoss, '82 
 
 12. Lizzie Sheppard Miller, '80. 21. Walter J. Ennison, '82. 
 
 13. Gertrude Warder Michelet, '80 22. AdellaGoodall Mitchell, '82, 
 
 14. William F. Hughes, '81. 23. Alice Krysher Livingston, '8 
 
 15. Henry W. Karraker, '81. 21. Albert E. Mead, '82. 
 
 16. John W. Lorenz, '81. 25. John W. Wood, '82. 
 
 17. Oscar S. Marshall, '81. 
 
 18. Edwyad I. Ward, '81.
 
 Sketches of Alumni, 
 
 T a late date it was decided to write to each mem- 
 ber of the Alumni Association to secure facts from 
 which short biographical sketches might be writ- 
 ten. We give below sketches of all from whom we have 
 heard up to time for going to press. We regret that 
 space does not allow a lengthy biography of each, and 
 that all have not been heard from, but we feel sure that 
 these brief notices will be of interest to the Alumni As- 
 sociation and friends of the school : 
 
 Annie R. Alexander, '91, was born in Indiana, but 
 moved to Illinois when quite young. Since graduation 
 she has taught two years in the southern part of Illinois, 
 one in Flora, and four in Harvey. 
 
 R. M. Allen, "87, entered railway service in 1889, 
 since which time he has held various responsible railway 
 positions. He is now Assistant General Passenger Agent 
 of the Louisville, Kvansville & St. Louis Consolidated 
 Railroad, with headquarters at St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Margaret Gordon Anderson, '95, was born in Car- 
 bondale and graduated from the public school in '91, 
 taught two years before completing the course in the Nor- 
 mal, and since that time taught three years in Flora, 111., 
 and one as Principal of the West Side School in Carbon- 
 dale, which position she now retains. 
 
 Wezette Atkins Parkinson, '82, was valedictorian of 
 of her class. She was married to Chas. W. Parkinson 
 in 1883, an d spent eight years in the west. Returning
 
 166 
 
 to Illinois in 1891, she taught three years with her hus- 
 band in Vandalia. The past five years they have resided 
 in Murphysboro. They are soon to make their home in 
 Edwardsville, where Mr. Parkinson goes next year to su- 
 perintend the schools. 
 
 R. May Baker, '95, of Cottage Home, 111., has taught 
 two and one-half years near her home since graduation. 
 
 Ola Baughman Bainum, '95, was born near Olney, 
 111., and graduated from the High School of that place 
 in '93. She taught one year before entering the Normal, 
 and was married shortly after graduation to Mr. George 
 Bainum, of Flora, 111., which place is now her home. 
 
 James W. Barrow, '98, is a native of Jackson county. 
 He attended the village school at Campbell Hill, and then 
 entered the Southern Illinois Normal University, gradu- 
 ating in 1898. He taught in McLeansboro as Principal 
 of the High School last year, and has been chosen as 
 Superintendent for the coming year. 
 
 Rachel Jane Barter, '97, a farmer's daughter from 
 Williamson county, completed the English-Latin course. 
 She has taught three years in the higher grades of the 
 schools of Galatia, Mt. Vernon and Golconcla. 
 
 Josie Barton Goodnow, '95, was born in Carbonclale, 
 and educated in the public school and the Normal. She 
 taught] two years after graduation in Bunker Hill, 111.. 
 She was was married Sept. 28, 1898, to Mr. Fred Clin- 
 ton Goodnow, of Salem, 111., and now lives in that city.. 
 
 Anson L. Bliss, '92, was born near Mt. Vernon, 111. 
 He attended school at home, at Ewing College, taught at 
 home, started an academy in the Choctaw Nation, and 
 taught in Gainesville, Texas, before graduating from the 
 Normal. He graduated from Austin. College in "95 with
 
 7(57 
 
 the degree of A. B. He was Superintendent of the Cob- 
 den High School three years when he resigned to super- 
 intend the Anna High School, which position he now 
 holds. 
 
 Cincinnatus Boomer, '96, has been teaching in John- 
 son county since graduation. Because of ill health he 
 could not complete last year's school term. 
 
 A. Sherman Boucher, '<o,8, a Jackson county farmer's 
 son, entered the Normal at eighteen. He taught three 
 terms in the rural schools, and two at Murphysboro. Last 
 year he was High School Principal at Metropolis, and 
 next year will fill the same position at Edwardsville. 
 
 Frank Leslie Boyd, '91, is a native of Indiana. He 
 has taught school twenty-one years in Illinois, Kansas and 
 Colorado. Was Superintendent of Carbondale Public 
 Schools five years. Is now a lumber dealer in Boulder, 
 Colorado. 
 
 Mary Buchanan, '84, was born in Wabash county, 
 111. Graduated from the Mt. Carmel High School, then 
 entered the Southern Illinois Normal University and re- 
 mained three years. She has since taught seven years, 
 and worked for the Central School Journal of Missouri 
 two years. The last three years she has spent in Car- 
 bondale with her mother. 
 
 Clara J. Buchanan Merrimon, '84, was born in Wa- 
 bash county, 111. She graduated from the Mt. Carmel 
 High School in '81, then attended the Southern Illinois 
 Normal University three years. She taught two years, 
 then married Mr. H. Merrimon in 1896. She now lives 
 on a farm near Elizabethtown, and is the mother of four 
 boys and two girls. 
 
 Nina Buchanan, "98, has been teaching during the
 
 168 
 
 year 1898-99 at Vincennes, Ind. She will teach next 
 year at Lawrenceville, 111., as Principal of the High School. 
 
 A. C. Burnett, '79, was born in Randolph county, 
 111. He attended the S. I. N. U. for four years, then lo- 
 cated in Lamar, Mo.; married Miss Frank in 1881, and 
 began the practice of law in 1884. He has served as 
 prosecuting attorney two terms ; also been cashier of First 
 National Bank of Lamar three years. 
 
 Joseph B. Bundy, '92, was born in Saline county, 
 111., entered the Southern Normal in 1884, taught four 
 years in the rural schools of Jackson county ; two years 
 as Principal of the F^ast Side School at Murphysboro ; six 
 years as Superintendent of the city schools of Nashville, 
 111. Now with the Ayer & Lord Tie Co. 
 
 May Clelancl, '87, taught in the schools of Cook 
 county the four years after graduation, then entered the 
 Illinois Training School for Nurses and was graduated in 
 1896. Since that time she has followed her profession in 
 Evanston, except a few months of last year, when she 
 was sent as an army nurse to Camp Wikoff, Montauk. 
 
 Clara Clelancl Strong, '87, went to Chicago after 
 graduation and taught one year in Cook county. On July 
 5, 1888, she was married to Mr. [. W. Strong, of Wheel- 
 ing, Cook county, 111. She now lives in Fvanston, 111., 
 T 108 Asbury avenue. 
 
 David J. Cowan, '87, has, since graduation, divided 
 his time between teaching and the practice of law. Much 
 of his time has been spent in the west. He was in the 
 notorious race for land in the Cherokee Strip on the i6th 
 of September, 1893. Since 1895 he has been in Vienna, 
 111., practicing law. 
 
 Arthur G. Cross, '97, was reared on a farm near
 
 1. Frank M. Alexander, '83. 10. 
 
 2. Alice Buckley Alexander, '83. 11. 
 
 3. Daniel B. Fager, '83. 12. 
 
 4. Fannie Aikman Kimmel, '84. 13. 
 
 5. Clara Buchanan Merrimon, '84 14. 
 
 6. George V. Buchanan, '84. 15. 
 
 7. Mary Buchanan, '84. 16. 
 
 8. Anna Burket, '84. 17. 
 
 9. Mary B. Duff, '84. 18. 
 
 Joseph B. Gill, '81. 19. 
 
 John H. Jenkins, '84. 20. 
 
 Richard T. Lightfoot, '84. 21. 
 Carrie Bidenhower Mount,'84 22. 
 Maud Thomas, '84. 23. 
 
 Ada Dunaway Caldwell, '85. 24. 
 William B. Fringer, '85. 25. 
 
 Mary Bobarts Ogden, '85. 26. 
 Sarah Allen Crenshaw, '86. 
 
 Minnie Fryar, '86. 
 Alexander H. Fulton, '86. 
 Ella Hundley Andrews, '86 
 Carrie Loomis McCreery, 'I 
 Fannie McAnally Fager, '8 
 Louella Nichols Irwin, '86. 
 Edgar L. Storment, '86. 
 Cora Williams, '86.
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
 
 169 
 
 Campbell Hill. At the age of eighteen he taught school 
 in Campbell Hill, and entered the Normal the following 
 spring. 
 
 Mary E. Davis Snyder, '92, was born in Centralia, 
 111., where she graduated from the High School in 1889. 
 Immediately after graduating from the Normal she was 
 married to Mr. Arthur J. Snyder. She has continued the 
 study of botany, and collected specimens in Utah in 1893. 
 Her present home is Belviclere, 111. 
 
 Lizzie Deardorff DeMoss, '82, was born near Cobden, 
 111. She taught six years after graduation in Illinois and 
 Kansas, married Mr. H. DeMoss in 1891, and has since 
 lived in Ballard, Washington. 
 
 Ada Dunaway Calclwell, '85, attended school at La- 
 sell Seminary, Auburndale, Mass., the year after gradua- 
 tion ; afterwards spent several months traveling in Eu- 
 rope. In 1894 sne was married to Andrew S. Caldwell 
 at Carbondale, 111., where she is now living with her hus- 
 band and small son of three years. 
 
 Viola Vosburg Cundiff Rendleman, '96, was born in 
 Cairo, 111., and graduated from the Cairo High School. 
 She has taught school one year each in Nebraska and 
 Arkansas, and three years in Illinois. She was married 
 to Dr. Rendleman, of Cairo, in January of 1899. 
 
 Jacob T. Ellis, '94, of Mt. Vernon, first entered the 
 Normal in 1884. He taught several years before gradu- 
 ating, and four since as Superintendent of the Greenville 
 schools ; also one as Superintendent of the Mt. Vernon 
 schools, which position he now holds. He was married 
 in 1895 to Miss Beulah Nowland, a former student. He 
 is now taking special work in the Chicago University. 
 
 John W. Emmerson, '92, was born and raised near
 
 770 
 
 Albion, 111. He has taught since graduation in Marion, 
 Mt. Yernon, Nashville and Albion, and is re-elected Su- 
 perintendent of the Albion High School. In 1896 he re- 
 ceived a life state certificate. In 1897 ne was married to 
 Miss Grettie Hitchcock. 
 
 James II . England, '77, was born in 'iennessee. 
 Removed to Illinois in 1863 was married to Miss Coral 
 Garden in August, 1874. He has spent twenty-five 
 years in the school-room. 
 
 W. J. Ennison, "82, began the study of law after 
 graduation, and in 1884 began practicing in Chicago. 
 Since 1892 he has spent his time on an invention in the 
 machine line, and is now working in an office. at Hartford, 
 Connecticut. 
 
 Guy Everett Etherton, '96, taught in the public 
 schools of the state two years. He attended Oberlin 
 College three terms, and graduated from the Chicago 
 Theological Seminary in 1899. He is now pastor of the 
 Congregational Church at Argentine, Kansas. 
 
 Win. Alonzo Etherton, -97, has had charge of the 
 schools at Carterville, 111., since his graduation. This fall 
 he begins a course in Architectural Engineering at the 
 University of Illinois. 
 
 1). B. Eager, '83, began teaching when but a youth. 
 His first experience dates back to 1875. Since gradua- 
 tion he has taught continuously and successfully. Since 
 1895 he has been City Superintendent of the Salem Pub- 
 lic Schools. On July 7, 1887, he was married to Miss 
 Eahnie I). McAnally, class of '86. 
 
 Minnie R. Elint, '96, was born in Sparta, 111., and 
 attended various village schools in Illinois. Since grad-
 
 171 
 
 uation she has taught one year in East St. Louis, and 
 one year in Belleville High School. 
 
 William R. Fringer, '86, entered the Medical De- 
 partment of the Northwestern University of Chicago soon 
 after graduating from the Normal, and completed the 
 course there in 1888. While practicing general medicine 
 and surgery with his father in Tunnel Hill, 111., he spent 
 some time both in Chicago and New York City devoting 
 himself to the special study of the eye. He located in 
 Rockford, 111., in 1892, where his practice is limited to 
 the diseases of the eye. He will spend this summer in 
 Europe. 
 
 Alexander H. P'ulton, '86, was born and raised in 
 Marion county, 111. He has taught seventeen years in 
 the public schools of Illinois and Arizona. In the fall of 
 1898 he was elected County Superintendent of Maricopa 
 county, Arizona, and makes his home in Phoenix. 
 
 J. P. Gilbert, '96, of Jefferson county, has taught 
 since graduation as Superintendent of City Schools in 
 McLeansboro, and resigned to enter Chicago University 
 in the fall of 1899. 
 
 Joseph B. Gill, '84, was educated in the common 
 schools, the Christian Brothers College, of St. Louis, and 
 the S. I. X. U. He graduated from the law school at 
 Ann Arbor in 1893. He was married to Miss Pearl Hall 
 in 1893. He has engaged in newspaper work, been 
 Lieutenant Governor, also a member of the State Board 
 of Arbitration since graduation. He now resides in San 
 Bernardino, Cal., with his wife and one child. 
 
 Albin Z. Glick, '87, was born in Fairfield couny, O., 
 and removed with his parents to Illinois when small. He 
 was educated in the common schools and the Normal.
 
 172 
 
 He has taught seven years. He is now Deputy of Mod- 
 ern Woodmen of America. His home is in Carbondale. 
 
 Kate Gracia Hackney Rogers, '90, was born near 
 Zanesville, '111., where she received her early education 
 and did her first teaching. After graduatisn she taught 
 two years, then married Frederick O. Rogers, of Wag- 
 goner, and now lives on a farm near that city. 
 
 May Keeney Hayes, '97, was born in DesMoines, 
 Iowa, and received her early education there. She en- 
 tered the Normal in '91, and, since graduating, has done- 
 two years' work in the Prang Normal Art Course. 
 
 Ada Hickam Wood, '88, was born in Carbondale 
 and educated in the public schools and the Normal. She 
 taught three years, then married Mr. G. W. Wood, and 
 with him entered the drug business. She is now located 
 in Beechwood, is a registered apprentice, and is working 
 to become a druggist. 
 
 Adda Hord, '91, has, since leaving school, spent 
 seven years teaching in the schools of Flora, Makancla 
 and Cobden. Her home is now at Murphysboro. 
 
 Lily M. Houts, '83, has, since leaving the Normal, 
 taught four years. She was engaged in Chicago with 
 work connected with the Religious Congresses during the 
 World's Fair year, and afterwards became a stenographer 
 in the Fort Dearborn National Bank, where she is still 
 employed. 
 
 Margaret Huggins, "98, of Swanwick, Perry county, 
 completed the four years course in the Sparta High 
 School in 1892. She afterwards taught three years in the 
 schools of Pinckneyville. She taught the past year in 
 Lemhi, Idaho, and will teach during the year 1899-1900 
 at Salmon, Idaho.
 
 1. Robert M. Allen, '87. 
 
 2. Carrie Blair, '87. 
 
 3. Rockwell Bryden, '87. 
 
 4. May Cleland, '87. 
 
 5. David J. Cowan, '87. 
 
 6. Albin Z. Glick, '87. 
 
 7. Samuel H. Goodall, '87. 
 
 8. Nannie Hundley, '87. 
 
 9. James H. Kirkpatrick, ' 
 
 10. Bertha Lawrence, '87. 
 
 11. Louise E. Phillips, '87. 
 
 12. Charles H. Ripley, '87. 
 
 13. Luther T. Scott, '87. 
 
 14. Minnie Tait Ripley, '87. 
 
 15. Steuben D. Wham, '87. 
 
 16. Ada Hickam Wood, '88. 
 
 17. Callie Johnson, '88. 
 
 18. Mary E. Leary, '88. 
 
 19. William A. Reef, '88. 
 
 20. Kate E. Richards Stewart, '88 
 
 21. Frank E. Trobaugh, M. D., '88 
 
 22. Maggie Wham Wiley, '88.
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
 
 775 
 
 William F. Hughes, '81 , was born in West Virginia; 
 came to Illinois in 1857 ; lived near Carbondale, and after 
 graduation took a four years course in Science and Litera- 
 ture in New York. He taught a number of years, then 
 was appointed County Surveyor in 1894. He is a first- 
 class surveyor, and is called upon to settle disputes and 
 make difficult surveys. 
 
 Nannie Hundley, ""87, has been teaching in graded 
 school work since graduation. At present she is in Ma- 
 rion, 111., where she has taught three years in the High 
 School. 
 
 Sarah E. Jackson Kimmell, ? /8, was born near Du 
 Ouoin, 111. ; attended the High School there four years, 
 and then entered the S. I. N. U., its first term. She was 
 married to Mr. H. H. Kimmell in 1882 ; lives on a farm 
 near Du Quoin. She is the mother of one boy. 
 
 Harriet K. Jenkins, '94. of Elkville, 111., has taught 
 four years since graduating two in Klkville, one in Mt. 
 Vernon, and one in Greenville, 111. 
 
 David Oscar Jones, "95, was born in Franklin county. 
 He began teaching when twenty years of age, then at- 
 tended school at Ewing, and later at the Normal. Since 
 graduating he has taught each year, and is now Principal 
 of the De Soto, 111., schools. He married Miss Cora 
 Nichols in March, 1896. 
 
 Henry W. Karraker, \S i , taught fifteen terms after 
 graduation ; served two and one-half years as cashier in 
 the Bank of Jonesboro ; he lives on a farm west of Don- 
 gola. In 1893 he was ordained to the ministry in the 
 Missionary Baptist Church, and is doing much pastoral 
 work. 
 
 I. (). Karraker, "96, of Union county, attended Un-
 
 774 
 
 ion Academy ;it Anna two years. After graduation he 
 taught in Marion, 111., as Principal of the High School 
 one year, and as Superintendent one year, resigning the 
 latter position to become cashier in the Jonesboro Bank. 
 
 Lincoln S. Kell, '94, of Salem, 111., has devoted his 
 time to farming since graduation, and has made a success 
 of his work. 
 
 Lucy Kell, '94, has taught five years, the last three 
 at Kell, ill. 
 
 Belle Kimmel, '83, has taught in Illinois, Idaho and 
 California since graduation. She is now at her home in 
 Elkville, 111., where she enjoys life and is kept busy. 
 
 Jas. T. Kirk, '97, was born in Eureka, 111., and at- 
 tended school at Eureka, Pekih and Springfield, complet- 
 ing the four years' High School course at the latter place. 
 Since graduation he has taught one year and attended 
 Eureka College one year. 
 
 Jas. H. Kirkpatrick, "87, went to Puget Sound in 
 the fall of 1887, and has since been so well pleased with 
 the far west that he has not returned to his native state. 
 He has taught ten years and now owns a fine farm over- 
 looking the Gulf of Georgia, with beautiful mountain 
 scenery and picturesque views on every hand. 
 
 I riah Kissinger, "97, has, since his graduation from 
 the Normal, been Principal of the schools of Elkhart, 111.. 
 
 Mary G. Lansden, '90, graduated from the Cairo 
 High School in '87, then entered the S. I. X. 1 T . Since 
 graduation she has taught in Shawneetown, Anna and 
 the public schools of Chicago. She now teaches seventh 
 grade in one of the newest and best equipped schools ot 
 Chicago.
 
 175 
 
 Mary E. Leary, '88, taught six years in the public 
 schools of Illinois after graduating, and in '93 took a po- 
 sition in the institution for the education of the deaf and 
 dumb, Jacksonville, 111. After five years' work there she 
 was offered the position of head teacher of the Oral De- 
 partment of the Iowa School for the Deaf at Council 
 Bluffs, where she is now teaching. 
 
 J. W. Lindley, "92, was born in Crawford county. 
 He taught one year after graduation, then began the study 
 of law under G. T. Bradberry, of Robinson, 111. He 
 was admitted to practice in 1894, anc ^ removed to Sulli- 
 van, Ind., where he has an office and is succeeding in his 
 practice. 
 
 David W. Lindsay. '88, was born in Richland county, 
 111. He taught eight years before graduating, and for six 
 years after graduating in the S. I. N. U. was Superin- 
 tendent of the Greenville High School. In 1894 he went 
 to California and took charge of the Porterville schools. 
 
 j 
 
 In 1898 he graduated from the Leland Stanford Univer- 
 sity, and was again called to Porterville, where he still 
 teaches. 
 
 Ada Lingenfelter, '93, taught four years before grad- 
 uating, and one year after. In September, 1895, she en- 
 tered the Chicago Training School for Home and foreign 
 Missions. She is now engaged in active deaconess work 
 for the Lincoln Street Church, aid -to Miss Jefferson, Su- 
 perintendent of Deaconess Home. 
 
 John W. Lorenz, \8i, was born near Highland, 111., 
 taught two years successfully, then attended S. 1. N. U. 
 three years. After graduation he taught four years in 
 Highland. Was married to Miss Sophia A. Wehrly in 
 1882. In 1885 he became a druggist, and in 1887 grad- 
 uated from the National Institute of Pharmacy at Chicago,
 
 176 
 and in 1895 received the degree of Doctor of Medicine. 
 
 Leah McGahey, '96, of Olnny, has taught one year 
 at Arthur, 111., one year in the fourth grade in Olney, and 
 one as Second Assistant Principal of the Olney High 
 School. 
 
 John I). McMeen, '89, was born and raised in Jef- 
 ferson county. 111. After completing the course in the 
 Normal he graduated from Draughn's Practical Business 
 College in Texarkana. Texas, in 1891, and in the Gem 
 City Business College, Quincy, 111., in 1892. He has 
 taught ten years in the public schools of Illinois and 
 Texas, and is elected Superintendent of the Lawrence- 
 ville, 111., schools for the next school year. 
 
 Thomas S. Marshall, \Si, was made assistant cashier 
 of the Salem National Bank immediately after gradua- 
 tion, which position he held until 1891, when he was 
 elected cashier. He has been a useful citizen, and is 
 now mayor of his home city ; also a member of the State 
 Board of Agriculture from his Congressional District. 
 
 Oscar S. Marshall, \8i, attended the S. I. N. U. 
 three years ; soon after graduation he entered the em- 
 ploy of the (). & M. Railway Company in the station at 
 Salem, 111. He has spent most of his time since in the 
 employ of different railway companies, and is now sta- 
 tion agent for the C. & C. R'y. Co. at Salem, 111. 
 
 Lois Allyn Mason, "89, taught four years after grad- 
 uation in the Murdock High School of Winchendon, Mass. 
 In 1893 sne was married to Mr. Dwignt L. Mason. She 
 is an Auxiliary Visitor of the Massachusetts State Board 
 of Chanty, and takes an active part in the Woman's Ed- 
 ucational Club and the Woman's Board of Missions in 
 her city.
 
 1. Lois Allyn Mason, '89. 
 
 2. Frank H. Colyer, '89. 
 
 3. John D. McMeen, '89. 
 
 4. Elizabeth Parks, '89. 
 
 5. Kate Hackney Rogers, '90. 
 
 6. Joseph E. Ramsey, '90. 
 T. Mabel Smith, '90, 
 
 8. Martin F. VanCleve, '90. 
 
 9. Anna R. Alexander, '91. 
 
 10. Frank L. Boyd, '91. 
 
 11. Grace L. Burket, '91. 
 
 12. James A. Freeman, '91. 
 
 13. Mary E. Hill, '91. 
 
 14. Emma Holden Ross, '91. 
 
 15. Addie Hord, '91. 
 
 16. J. Ham Lawrence, '91. 
 
 17. Maude L. Loomis, '91. 
 
 18. Elizabeth S. Peebles, '91. 
 
 19. Arthur J. Snyder, '91. 
 
 20. Theodora Sprecher, '91. 
 
 21. Robert E. Steele, '91. 
 
 22. William Whitney, '91.
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
 
 777 
 
 Albert E. Mead, '82, taught one year, studied law. 
 He practiced law in Elaine, Wash. In 1893 was a mem- 
 ber of the legislature. He is now prosecuting attorney 
 of Whatcom county, and practices law in New Whatcom 
 City, Wash. He has aided in securing a state normal 
 university in his own western city, which will open in 
 September. 
 
 Louella Nichols Irwin, '86, was educated in the 
 Carlyle Public Schools and the Southern Illinois Normal 
 University. She taught seven years in the public schools 
 of the state, and was married in the fall of 1895 to J onn 
 G. Irwin, a prominent lawyer of Edwardsville, 111., where 
 she now resides. 
 
 Cora Evalyn Nichols Jones, '95, was born in Mis- 
 souri and lived in Sedalia twelve years, graduating from 
 the High School there in 1885 ; she removed with her 
 parents to Pope county, 111., where she taught three 
 years ; since graduating at the Normal she taught one 
 year, then married her classmate, D. O. Jones, and has 
 been occupied with home duties since. 
 
 J. Howard Ogle, '94, of Belleville, entered the Cas- 
 cadilla School, New York, in the fall after graduating from 
 the S. I. N. U. Finished the course there in 1895, a d 
 entered the Freshman Class in Electrical Engineering in 
 Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. He graduated this 
 year with the degree of Mechanical Engineer. 
 
 Elizabeth S. Peebles, '91, spent six years in the 
 schools of Illinois and Wisconsin. She moved to Mon- 
 tana in 1897, anc l was elected County Superintendent in 
 the fall of 1898. 
 
 R. H. Perrott, '96, was born in 1884, and has been 
 in school work constantly with the exception of one year.
 
 775 
 
 He is at present Superintendent of the Nokomis Public 
 Schools. 
 
 Grant Peterson, '92, was educated in the Carter ville 
 public schools and the Normal. Since graduating he 
 has devoted his time to farming near Carterville. 
 
 Louise E. Phillips, '87, entered the Normal in 1881. 
 After finishing the couse she taught in Cairo, 111., and 
 later spent three years at the New England Conservatory 
 of Music. Since 1891 she has made her home in Chicago 
 studying and teaching music. 
 
 Lucy Haven Phillips, '97, was born in Nashville, 111. 
 Since graduating she has not taught school, but is teach- 
 ing music in Tempe, Arizona. 
 
 Estella Ramsey, '95, of Oskaloosa, 111., had grades 
 certificate at fourteen. After graduating from the S. I. 
 N. U. she taught four years, and is now serving her sec- 
 ond term as one of the Republican State Central Com- 
 mittee. She is now at home on Maplewood farm, her 
 birth-place, near Oskaloosa. 
 
 William A. Reef, '88, was born in Edwards county, 
 111. He taught one year after graduating, then studied 
 shorthand, and took a position as stenographer in Har- 
 risburg, 111. He went to Leadville, Col., in 1890, and 
 for five years was official court stenographer. In 1895 
 he entered mercantile life, and now has a grocery store of 
 his own, where he carries on a successful, growing busi- 
 ness. He married Miss Nettie Melvin in 1894, and has 
 one son, whom he hopes to educate in the S. I. N. U. 
 
 Emma Roane, '95, of Opdyke, 111., has taught in 
 the High Schools of Mt. Vernon, Salem and Geneseo, 
 111., successively. Home duties kept her employed last
 
 179 
 
 year, but she will again teach in the Mt. Vernon High 
 School the coming year. 
 
 Charles H. Ripley, '87, entered the Law School of 
 the University of Michigan and graduated in 1889. In 
 1890 he was admitted to the Supreme Court in Illinois. 
 Was married in 1892, and has since been practicing in 
 Chicago. He is a member of the Marquette Club of 
 Chicago, and also of the Royal Arcanum and Orator 
 Lake View Council. 
 
 Samuel T. Robinson, '96, Saline county, was Super- 
 intendent of Schools at Ashley, 111., two years before 
 graduation, and has since been Superintendent at Benton 
 three years. For next year he has the same position at 
 Hillsboro. 
 
 Geo. C. Ross, '76, born and raised on a farm. After 
 graduation he taught successfully several years, then 
 turned his attention to the study of law and was gradu- 
 ated from Union College of Law, Northwestern Univer- 
 sity in 1 88 1. He practiced his profession in Benton, 111., 
 till 1890, when he accepted a position in the law force of 
 the Interior Department in Washington, D. C., where he 
 has since remained. 
 
 Julia A. Sebastian, '87, has since graduation taught 
 in the public schools of Illinois and later of Missouri. For 
 the past six years she has held a very desirable position 
 in the Marquette School of St. Louis, Mo. Her home 
 is at 4227 Delmar Ave. 
 
 Andrew E. Shepherd, '98, hails from Franklin 
 county. Beginning at the age of eighteen, he taught 
 five terms in the rural schools. He entered the Normal 
 in 1894. He has, since graduation, beem employed as 
 Principal of the Grand Tower Public Schools.
 
 180 
 
 Adalbert Leroy Spiller, '96, of Jackson county, is 
 a farmer's son, and entered the Normal in 1892. He has 
 since graduated from the Northern Illinois College of Law 
 at Dixon. 
 
 Arthur). Snyder, '91, was born at Farina. Since 
 graduation he has taught at Ava, North Evanston and 
 Belvidere. He has done special work in Entomology 
 and Biology, being one of the organizers of the Chicago 
 Entomological Society. 
 
 Mamie E. Songer, '93, was born in Kinmundy, 111., 
 where she received her early education. After gradua- 
 tion she taught three years, and spent her vacations trav- 
 eling. She was given charge of the Normal exhibit at 
 the World's Fair four weeks. She now lives with her 
 parents in Kinmundy. 
 
 Minnie Tait Ripley, '87, was married in 1892 to her 
 classmate, Chas. H. Ripley, and is now living in Chicago, 
 making home happy for her husband and little daughter 
 Lois, aged two years. 
 
 Edna Ozburn Thornton, '98, comes from Osage, 
 Franklin county. She entered the Normal at fifteen, 
 graduating in four years. She taught the following year 
 in the public schools. 
 
 Nina Thornton, '98, of Osage, entered the Normal 
 in 1893 at tne a g e f fifteen, and completed the English- 
 Latin course. She taught in 1898-1899 at Benton as 
 Assistant Principal of the High School, and returned to 
 that place as Principal. 
 
 Wm. Lafayette Toler, '98, is a native of Union 
 county; entered the Normal in 1891, graduating in the 
 English-Latin course. In the meantime he taught three 
 years in the public schools and one year as Principal of
 
 1. Anson L. Bliss, '92. 
 
 2. Joseph B. Bundy, '92. 
 
 3. Mary E. Davis Snyder, '92. 
 
 4. John W. Emerson, '92. 
 
 5. Charles M. Galbraith, '92. 
 
 6. Blanche Lawrence, '92. 
 
 7. John W. Lindley, '92. 
 
 8. Grant Peterson, '92. 
 
 9. Mary Wallis, '92. 
 
 10. Agnes Wham Reed, '92. 
 
 11. Dora Wham Pyatt, '92. 
 
 12. Jennie Henninger, '93. 
 
 13. Robert E. Renfro, '98. 
 
 14. Mary E. Songer, '93. 
 
 15. Sarah Whittenberg, '93. 
 
 16. Myrtle F. Woodson, '93. 
 
 17. John L. Applegath, '94. 
 
 18. May Applegath Wiswell, 
 
 19. Jacob T. Ellis, '94. 
 
 20. William Troy Felts, '94. 
 
 21. Jennie Hodge Felts, '94. 
 
 22. Norman A. Jay, '94. 
 
 23. Iva Lucy Kell, '94. 
 
 24. Lincoln S. Kell, '94. 
 
 25. Eric Mohlenbrock, '94. 
 
 26. Howard J. Ogle, '94. 
 
 27. Estelle Ramsey, '94. 
 1. 28. Edgar A. Smith, '94. 
 
 29. Arthur E. Williams, '94.
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
 
 757 
 
 High School at Sandoval. Since graduating he has been 
 Superintendent of the City Schools at Jonesboro. 
 
 Laura M. Truscott, '96, of Wayne county, attended 
 the National Normal University at Lebanon, O. Since 
 graduation she has taught one year each in the High 
 Schools at Vienna and Pinckneyville. 
 
 Martin T. Van Cleve, '90, attended the S. I. N. U. 
 two years, and was elected County Superintendent of 
 Johnson County after graduation. Since 1896 he has 
 been Superintendent of the Shawneetown schools. 
 
 Mary Wallis, '92, taught one year after graduating, 
 then entered the Ohio Wesleyan University in the fall of 
 1893. She graduated in 1897 w i tn tne degree of B. A., 
 and has taught since. She is re-elected as First Assist- 
 ant in the Olney High School. 
 
 William Wallis, '89, has taken a college course at 
 the Ohio Wesleyan University since leaving our Normal, 
 receiving the degree of B. S. in June, 1894. He is now 
 Principal of the High School in Charleston, 111., where 
 he has been located for the past five years. 
 
 Edward I. Ward, '81, spent seven years as teacher 
 and Superintendent in the public schools of Southern 
 Illinois. Was County Superintendent of schools in Perry 
 County four years, three years a druggist and three years 
 served as pastor of the church of Christ. Is now teach- 
 ing in London, Miss. 
 
 Nellie Weller, '97, is a native of Pennsylvania. She 
 spent her early days there, and upon moving to Carbon- 
 dale entered the Normal. She taught during the past 
 year near Murphysboro. 
 
 Agnes Wham Reed, '92, taught five years at De- 
 land, 111., after graduating from the S. I. N. U.
 
 182 
 
 Eldora Wham Pyatt, '92, was born and raised in 
 Marion county. She taught since graduating in Marion, 
 Jackson and Perry county and now lives on a farm near 
 Pyatt station. 
 
 G. D. Wham, '96, of Salem, Marion county, was 
 Principal of the Patoka public schools two years before 
 graduation. Since graduation he has been principal of 
 the Olney High School, spending his vacations in Chicago 
 University. 
 
 Margaret Wliam, '88, has taught continuously since 
 graduation. One year in the Du Quoin High School 
 and since in the Deland schools. 
 
 S. D. Wham, '87, was born in Marion county, 111. 
 His early years were fraught with many hardships. He 
 taught five years before entering the Normal. Since 
 graduating he has been managing his farm near Cartter, 
 Marion county, 111. He was married in 1879. 
 
 Eugene Williams, '94, of Mt. Vernon, 111., has 
 taught continuously since receiving his diploma. He 
 will possibly enter the profession of law in a short time, 
 but is now at his home in Mt. Vernon. 
 
 Margaret Wilson, '98, graduated in the Latin course 
 of the Cairo High School in 1895. She graduated from 
 the Normal in the long course and accepted the Princi- 
 palship of the Carlyle High School. During the coming 
 year she will teach Latin in the Hillsboro public schools. 
 
 Below we give an alphabetical list of the Alumni 
 from whom biographical sketches have not been received 
 up to the time for going to press. This list also includes 
 Alumni who are or have been members of the faculty of 
 the S. I. N. U. Most of these have been heard from,,
 
 753 
 
 but since their sketches appear elsewhere in the volume 
 they were not included in the foregoing list. 
 
 Aikman, Fannie A., (Mrs. D. L. Kimmell, '84) deceased. 
 
 Alexander, F. M., '83, taught two years. Minister, Ottawa, Kan. 
 
 Allen, Sarah (Mrs. J. D. Crenshaw, '86), taught one year. Car- 
 bondale. 
 
 Alvis, Hary J., '98, professor in S. I. N. U., Carbondale. 
 
 Amon, Bertram, '97, taught one year. Deceased. 
 
 Applegath, John L. '94, taught four years. Carbondale. 
 
 Applegath, May A. (Mrs. A. Wiswell), taught four years. Car- 
 bondale. 
 
 Ayer, Philip S., '92, taught six years. Baxter Springs, Kan. 
 
 Bain, Wm. B., '83, merchant. Vienna. 
 
 Bain, John Chas., '90, lawyer. Chicago. 
 
 Barber, Florence M. (Mrs. Boyd, '86), taught two years. Chicago. 
 
 Barnes, Belle, D. A. (Mrs. H. H. Green, '77). Bloomington. 
 
 Barnum, J. A., '98. 
 
 Barr, Jessie G., '92, taught six years. Escanaba, Mich. 
 
 Baumberger, Louise (Mrs. S. M. Inglis, '88), taught seven years. 
 Chicago. 
 
 Beesley, Alicia, '84, taught three years. Linn. 
 
 Beman, Geo. W., '91, taught one year. Clerk. Chicago. 
 
 Bennett, Frances W., '95, taught three years. Cairo. 
 
 Berkley, Helen L., '97, taught two years. Murphysboro. 
 
 Blair, Carrie, '87, taught seven years. Deceased. 
 
 Blake, Edward L., '99. Equality. 
 
 Blanchard, Guy, '91, taught one year. Merchant. Tamaroa. 
 
 Boulden, Hattie A., '97, taught one year. Fordice. 
 
 Brainard, Pearl, '99. Carbondale. 
 
 Brainard, Stuart, '99. Carbondale. 
 
 Brewster, Libbie, '99. Carbondale. 
 
 Briback, Catherine (Mrs. Hans Johnson, '88), taught eight years. 
 Cairo. 
 
 Bridges, Mary E. (Mrs. D. L. Malone, '89), Sikeston, Mo. 
 
 Bridges, Abbie L., '97, taught two years. Cobden. 
 
 Bridges, Ella L., '97, taught two years. Carbondale. 
 
 Bridges, Holland E., '97. Bookkeeper. Chicago. 
 
 Brown, John N., '76, taught six years. 
 
 Brown, Adella (Mrs. J. O. Ashenhurst, '86), taught nine years.
 
 184 
 
 Brown, Robert, '93, taught six years. Principal. Assumption. 
 
 Bruck, Lauren L., '80, taught seven years. Bookkeeper. Chicago. 
 
 Bryden, Margaret (Mrs. J. N. Fitch, '83), taught nine years. 
 Cobden. 
 
 Bryden, Helen, '85, taught thirteen years. Principal. Carbondale. 
 
 Bryden, Rockwell, '87. Postal clerk. Carbondale. 
 
 Buchanan, Geo. V., '84, taught fifteen years. Superintendent 
 schools. Sedalia, Mo. 
 
 Buckley, Alice M. (Mrs. F. M. Alexander, '83), taught two years. 
 Ottawa, Kan. 
 
 Buckley, Ida M. (Mrs. Q. W. Warner, '85), taught one year. 
 Freeport. 
 
 Buckley, Elizabeth (Mrs. O. J. Rude, '92), taught one year. 
 Carbondale. 
 
 Bundy, Jos. B., '92, taught six years. Manager Telephone Ex- 
 change. Carbondale. 
 
 Burge, Lloyd E., '94, taught three years. Centralia. 
 
 Burket, Anna L., '84, taught two years. Carbondale. 
 
 Burket, Grace, '91, taught five years. Carbondale. 
 
 Burkhart, Carl, '97. Merchant. Marion. 
 
 Burnett, Andrew C., '79. Lawyer. Lamar, Mo. 
 
 Burton, Arista, '77, taught seventeen years. Colorado Sprimgs, 
 Colo. 
 
 Caldwell, Beverly C., '76, taught twenty-three years. President 
 State Normal, Natchitoches, La. 
 
 Caldwell, Delia, '78, taught seven years. Physician. Paducah, Ky. 
 
 Campbell, Harmon M., '87. Clerk. Chicago. 
 
 Cawthorn, Chris C., '84, taught six years. Crab Orchard. 
 
 Chandler, Larkin C.,'94, taught four years. Music teacher. Litch- 
 field. 
 
 Cisne, W. G., '99. Cisne. 
 
 Clark, Lula, '91, taught seven years. East St. Louis. 
 
 Clements, Louis, '97, taught one year. Student Northwestern 
 University. Chicago. 
 
 Clements, Robert, '98, taught one year. Student Northwestern 
 University. Chicago. 
 
 Clendenneii, Geo. E., '93, taught six years. Principal. Illiopolis. 
 
 Cochran, W. P., '92, taught three years. Editor. Marble Falls, 
 Texas. 
 
 Cochran, Maud O., '94. Music teacher. Cape Girardeau, Mo.
 
 1. Margaret Anderson, '95. 
 
 2. Rhoda May Baker, '95. 
 
 3. Josie Barton Goodnow, '95. 
 
 4. Ola Baughman Bainum, '95. 
 
 5. Minnie Ferrell, '95. 
 
 6. Nora Ferrrell, '95. 
 
 7. David Oscar Jones, '95. 
 
 8. Albert Baker Kell, '95. 
 
 9. Homer Dalton Lee, '95. 
 
 10. Cora E. Nichols Jones, '95. 
 
 11. Emma H. Roane, '95. 
 
 12. Fred M. Snider, '95. 
 
 13. Charles J. Williams, '95. 
 
 14. Cincinnatus Boomer, '96. 
 
 15. Viola Cundiff Rendleman, 
 
 16. Guy E. Etherton, '96. 
 
 17. Minnie Ruth Flint, '96. 
 
 18. John P. Gilbert, '96. 
 
 19. Matilda Hobbs Snider, ' 
 
 20. Ira O. Karraker, '96. 
 
 21. Leah C. McGahey, '96. 
 
 22. Richard H. Perrott, '96. 
 
 23. Samuel T. Robinson, '96. 
 
 24. Stella Royall Moore, '96. 
 ,'96 25. Adelbert L. Spiller, '96. 
 
 26. Oscar T. Taylor, '96. 
 
 27. Bessie M. Thompson, '96. 
 
 28. Ralph Thompson, '96. 
 
 . 29. Laura M. Truscott, '%. 
 30. George D. Wham, '96.
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
 
 185 
 
 Colyer, Frank H., '89, taught eight years. Professor in S. I. N. 
 U. Carbondale. 
 
 Cortney, Alva C., '78, taught twenty-one years. Principal. Den- 
 ver, Col. 
 
 Cowan, John F., '98, taught one year. Carterville, 
 
 Crane, Ezra, '96, taught two years. Railroad mail service. 
 Tamaroa. 
 
 Crawford, Mary, '97, taught two years. Jonesboro. 
 
 Crawford, J. E., '99. Christopher. 
 
 Crawshaw, Solomon, '98. Carterville. 
 
 Curtis, Sarah L., '93, taught six years. Principal. Illiopolis. 
 
 Davidson, Mary (Mrs. J. T. Taylor, '95). Greenville. 
 
 Davis, Chas. H., '93, taught one year. Minister. Kampsville. 
 
 Dougherty, Andrew J., '94. Second Lieutenant regular army. 
 
 Duff, May B., '84, taught one year. Deceased. 
 
 Edman, Mate, '96, taught three years. Charleston. 
 
 Etherton, James M., '99. Carbondale. 
 
 Evans, Chas. E., '78. Deceased. 
 
 Farmer, Geo. H., '79, taught fourteen years. Vaundale, Ark. 
 
 Felts, William Troy, '94, taught five years. High school. Cairo. 
 
 Ferrell, Minnie, '95, taught four years. Carterville. 
 
 Ferrell, Nora, '95, taught one year. Carterville. 
 
 Fly, William C., '98, taught one year. Johnston City. 
 
 Freeman, James A., '91, taught eight years. Superintendent of 
 schools. Trenton. 
 
 Fryar, Minnie J., '86. Librarian S. I. N. U. Carbondale. 
 
 Galbraith, Chas. M., '92. Physician. Carbondale. 
 
 Goodall, Samuel H., '87, taught two years. Lawyer. Marion. 
 
 Gray, Joseph, '80, taught fourteen years. Principal High School. 
 Elgin. 
 
 Grove, Bessie L., '99. Carbondale. 
 
 Gilbert, Ida M., '98. Carbondale. 
 
 Glenn, William T., '93, taught five years. Belleville. 
 
 Goodall, Adella B. (Mrs. H. C. Mitchell), '82, taught three years. 
 Carbondale. 
 
 Hackney, Kate G. (Mrs. F. O. Rogers), '90, taught three years. 
 Waggoner. 
 
 Haldaman, Margaret, '99. Decatur. 
 
 Hall William H., '83, taught five years. Business manager of 
 Lewis Institute. Chicago.
 
 186 
 
 Haney, Thomas J., '95, taught three years. Principal. Atwood. 
 
 Hanna, James A., '78, taught six years. Merchant. Sulphur 
 Springs, Ga. 
 
 Marker, Oliver A., '96. Student University of Illinois, Cham- 
 paign. 
 
 Harmon, Mark D, '87, taught four years. Grayville, 111. 
 
 Harris, W. O., '99. New Haven. 
 
 Hawkins, Cicero R., '87. State's Attorney. Pinckneyville, 111. 
 
 Hawthorne, John C., '76. 
 
 Heitman, Louis, '80, taught four years. Pharmacist. Chester. 
 
 Hendee, Lu Bird, '84, taught seven years. Fairmount, Neb. 
 
 Henninger, Jennie, '93, taught five years. Student Chicago Uni- 
 versity. 
 
 Hewett, Emma L. (Mrs. W. H. Baltzer), taught three years. 
 Hick man, Ky. 
 
 Hileman, Philetus E., '84. Lawyer. Jonesboro. 
 
 Hill, Mary A. (Mrs. E. L. Storment, '87), taught five years. 
 Tempe, Ariz. 
 
 Hill, Mary E., '91, taught three years. Deceased. 
 
 Hillman, Orcelia B. (Mrs. Merrill, '78), taught five years. Saline, 
 Kansas. 
 
 Hobbs, Matilda J. (Mrs. Fred Snider, '96), taught two years. 
 Carbondale. 
 
 Hodge, Jennie (Mrs. W. T. Felts, '94), taught two years. Cairo. 
 
 Hooker, Lulu T., '99. Carbondale. 
 
 Holden, Emma (Mrs. H. A, Ross, '91), taught three years. St. 
 Louis, Mo. 
 
 Hord, Kittie E. (Mrs. C. M.Morgan, '86), taught ten years. Port- 
 land, Oregon. 
 
 Hubbard, Mary E. (Mrs. Frank Watson, '93), taught five years. 
 Greenville. 
 
 Hubbard, Samuel A., '93, taught two years. Lawyer. Mount 
 Sterling. 
 
 Hull, Chas. E., '80. Member State Senate. Salem. 
 
 Hull, Gertrude, '85, taught four years. Latin teacher, High 
 School, Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 Hull, Bertha, '90, taught four years. Assistant in Drawing. Ip- 
 silanti, Mich. 
 
 Hundley, Louella. 
 
 Hypes, Cornelia A., '98, taught one year. Carbondale.
 
 757 
 
 Jack, Jessie, '98, taught one year. Kinmundy. 
 
 Jay, Norman A., '94, taught four years. Steeleville. 
 
 Jenkins, John H., '84, taught thirteen years. Superintendent of 
 schools. Cobden. 
 
 Johnson, Calla, '88, taught one year. Carbondale. 
 
 Johnston, Lewis E., '87, taught one year. Lawyer. Kcysport. 
 
 Karraker, Orville M,, '99, Dongola. 
 
 Kell, Omer Adrian, '93. Physician. Salem. 
 
 Kell, Albert Baker, '95, taught one year. Carter. 
 
 Kellar, Kent E., 90, taught three years. Lawyer. Ava. 
 
 Kennedy, George R., '78, taught one year. Merchant. Mur- 
 phy sboro. 
 
 Kennedy, Maggie, '86, taught four years. Mexico City, Mex. 
 
 Kimmell, Henry A., '80, taught six years. Farmer. Calhoun. 
 
 Kimmell, E. Lee, '92, taught seven years. Carmi. 
 
 Kimmell, Ruby I., '92, taught seven years. East St. Louis. 
 
 Kimzy, Walter R., '89, taught nine years. County Superinten- 
 dent. Tamaroa. 
 
 Krysher, Alice (Mrs. W. H. Livingston, '82), taught four years. 
 Pana. 
 
 Lacy, Rurie O., '85, taught one year. Physician. Lake City, Col. 
 
 Lakin, Edwin F., '94, taught three years. Rochester. 
 
 Lancaster, Tilman A., '85, taught ttiree years. Lawyer. Lex- 
 ington, Tenn. 
 
 Lawrence, Bertha, '87, taught eleven years. Tipton, la. 
 
 Lawrence, J. H. '91, taught six years. Professor Park College, 
 Parks ville, Mo. 
 
 Lawrence, Blanche, '92, taught six years. Chicago. 
 
 Lee, Homer Dalton, '95, taught three years. Merchant. Car- 
 bondale. 
 
 Light "oot, Richard T., '84, taught two years. Lawyer. Paducah, 
 Kentucky. 
 
 Lirely, William H., '92, taught two years. Signal Service. In- 
 dianapolis, Ind. 
 
 Longbons, Edward, '94, taught five years. Superintendent, Me- 
 tropolis. 
 
 Loomis, Carrie I., '86, taught one year. Thompson ville. 
 Loomis, Lydia M., '91, taught four years. Belvidere. 
 Mann, Wallace., '80, taught four years. Editor. Decatur.
 
 188 
 
 Marberry, William T., '97, taught two years. Belknap. 
 Marchildon, John W., '99. Thebes. 
 
 Martin, John, '83, taught four years. Physician. Tolono. 
 McAnally, John T., '78, taught three years. Physician. Car- 
 bondale. 
 
 McAnally, Mary (Mrs. N. H. Moss), '78, taught ten years. Mt. 
 Vernon. 
 
 McAnally, Fannie D. (Mrs. D. B. Fager), '86, taught one year. 
 Salem. 
 
 McAnally, Jessie F., '97, taught two years. Mt. Vernon. 
 
 McConaghie, Thomas, '99. Oakdale. 
 
 McCormick, George, '96. Farmington. 
 
 McCreery, Ida M., '79, taught three years. Deceased. 
 
 McKittrick, F. D., '99. Fairfleld. 
 
 Me Kown, James Edgar, '97, taught two years. Paxton. 
 
 McMackin, Edward G., '87, taught two years. Dentist. Salem. 
 
 Miller, John E., '85, taught twelve years. East St. Louis. 
 
 Mohlenbrock, Eric, '94, taught one year. Deceased. 
 , Moore, Jack N., '93, taught five years. Principal. Walnut 
 
 Ridge, Ark. 
 
 Morgan, Chas. M., '88, taught one year. Bradstreets Agency. 
 Portland, Ore. 
 
 Morton, Ralph B., '92, taught two years. Lawyer. Carterville. 
 
 Munger, Robert P., '98. Clerk. Carbondale. 
 
 Murphy, W. Gordon, '99. Carbondale. 
 
 Nave, Delia A. (Mrs. P. E. Hileman, '83), taught four years. 
 Jonesboro.. 
 
 Nichols, John B., '92, taught six years. California. 
 
 Ogle, Albert B., '80. Insurance Agent. Belleville. 
 
 Ozment, Fannie, '98, taught one year. Decatar. 
 
 Palmer, Myrtle I., '99. Custer Park. 
 
 Parkinson, Arthur E., '82. Associate Editor National Cyclopedia 
 American Biographies. Chicago. 
 
 Parkinson, J. M., '89, taught nine years. City Superintendent 
 Schools, Edwardsville. 
 
 Parkinson, Daniel M., '97. Manager Telephone Exchange, Car- 
 bondale. 
 
 Parkinson, Franklin A., '98. Assistant Clerk. Murphysboro. 
 
 Parks, Elizabeth, '39, taught seven years. Training Teacher S. 
 I. N. U. Carbondale.
 
 1. Bertram Amon, '97. 
 
 2. R. Jane Barter, '97. 
 
 3. Mary Crawford, '97. 
 
 4. Arthur G. Cross, '97. 
 
 5. William A. Etherton, '97. 
 
 6. May K. Hayes, '97. 
 
 7. Jay T. Kirk, '97. 
 
 8. Uriah Kissinger, '97. 
 
 9. William T. Marberry, '97. 
 
 10. Nellie Weller, '97. 
 
 11. Harry J. Alvis, '98. 
 
 12. James W. Barrow, '98. 
 
 13. Andrew S. Boucher, '98. 
 
 14. Nina O. Buchanan, '93. 
 
 15. Solomon Crawshaw, '98. 
 
 16. William C. Fly, '98. 
 
 17. Margaret Huggins, '98. 
 
 18. Fannie Ozment, '98. 
 
 19. Frank A. Parkinson, '98. 
 
 20. Lucy H. Patten, '98. 
 
 21. C. A. Quackenbush, '98. 
 
 22. Andrew E. Shepherd, '98. 
 
 23. Kate Snider, '98. 
 
 24. Edna Thornton, '98. 
 
 25. Nina Thornton, '98. 
 
 26. William L. Toler, '98. 
 
 27. Margaret Wilson, '98.
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
 
 189 
 
 Patten, Arthur E., '92. Salesman. Chicago. 
 
 Patten, Lucy EL, '98, taught one year, Pomona. 
 
 Patterson, John E., '95, taught four years. High School. 
 Evansville, Ind. 
 
 Perry, Mary Helen, '98, taught one year. Decatur. 
 
 Peters, Mabel K., '96, taught two years. Carbondale. 
 
 Peters, Helen N., : 97. Student Washington University. St. Louis. 
 
 Phillips, Lyma'n T,, '79,taught two years. Dentist. Nashville. 
 
 Phillips, Myrtle K. (Mrs. H. Z. Zuck), '94. Tempe, Ariz. 
 
 Pickrell, Per, '97, taught two years. El Paso. 
 
 Pierce, Reuben E., '78, taught one year. Minister. Ep worth. 
 
 Plant, Richmond, '78. St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Pruett, Chas. F., '99. Kinmundy. 
 
 Pugh, Chas. H., '94, taught five years. Colorado. 
 
 Quackenbush, Chas. A., '98, taught one year. McClure. 
 
 Ragsdale, Joseph S., '92, taught six years. Superintendent. North 
 Judson, Ind. 
 
 Ramsey, Joseph Eli, '90, taught nine years. County Superinten- 
 dent. Mount Carmel. 
 
 Reef, Edmund W., '97. Postal Clerk. Carbondale. 
 
 Renfro, Robert E., '93. Real Estate and Loan Agent. Carbondale. 
 
 Rentchler, Frank P., '80. Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 Rhoads, Miriam E. '98, taught one year. Metropolis. 
 
 Ridenhower, Carrie (Mrs. J. L. Mount, '84), taught four years. 
 Deceased. 
 
 Richards, Kate E. (Mrs. W. A. Stewart, '88), taught two years. 
 Deceased. 
 
 Robarts, Mary A. (Mrs. M. H. Ogden, '85), taught eight years. 
 Carbondale. 
 
 Roberts, George L., '96. Corinth. 
 
 Roberts, Arthur, '97, taught one year. Superintendent. Golconda. 
 
 Robinson, Edward H., '78. Physician. Chicago. 
 
 Roe, -Nellie Bell, '97, taught one year. Carbondale. .. 
 
 Roe, Edith, '99. Carbondale. 
 
 Royal, Stella Ethel (Mrs. Moore), '96, taught one year, Villa 
 Ridge. 
 
 Rude, Otto J., '93, taught six years. Superintendent. Carbon- 
 dale. 
 
 Sams, Fountain F., '90, taught one year. Lawyer. East St. Louis.
 
 190 
 
 Searing, Harry R., '87. City Treasurer. Carbondale. 
 
 Scott, Luther T., '87, taught one year. Editor. Carbondale. 
 
 Sheppard, Lizzie M. (Mrs. Dr. J. K. Miller), '80, taught eight and 
 one-half years. Greeley, Colo. 
 
 Smith, Seva A. (Mrs. G. S. Hoag), '87. Denver, Colo. 
 
 Smith, Mabel, '90. Deceased. 
 
 Smith, Edgar A., '94. Medical Student. Chicago. 
 
 Snider, Lydia E., '87, taught ten years. North Evanston. 
 
 Snider, Fred M., '95. Merchant. Carbondale. 
 
 Snider, Kate, '98. Carbondale. 
 
 So well, Myrtle I., '95, taught two years. Paducah, Ky. 
 
 Sowers, Mary A. (Mrs. J. C. Scott), '81, taught eight years. 
 Carbondale. 
 
 Sprecher, Edgar L., '83, taught five years. Merchant. Guate - 
 mala, C. A. 
 
 Sprecher, Theo. M., '91, taught five years. Crittenden, Ariz. 
 
 Steele, Robert E., '91, taught one year. Physician. Lehi, Utah. 
 
 Stern, Lewis, '91, taught eight years. Superintendent. Foun- 
 tain City, Wis. 
 
 Stewart, Henry A., '82. Physician. Chicago. 
 
 Stewart, Ellen, '97, taught two years. Elko. 
 
 Stewart, Josephine, '99. Carbondale. 
 
 Storment, Edgar L., '86, taught eleven years. Deceased. 
 
 Storment, John C., '90, taught nine years. Principal. Pamona, 
 California. 
 
 Stout, Chas. L., '93, taught one year. Deceased. 
 
 Street, Jasper N., '88, taught eleven years. Superintendent City 
 Schools, Vandalia. 
 
 Taylor, Oscar T., '96. Traveling Salesman. St. Louis. 
 
 Thomas, Maud, '84. Deceased. 
 
 Thomas, Kate (Mrs. D. L. Chapman, '85), taught four years. 
 Murphy sboro. 
 
 Thompson, Ralph, '96. Student University Illinois, Champaign. 
 
 Thompson, Bessie M., '96. Carbondale. 
 
 Torrance, Anna Eliza, '90, taught seven years. Salem. 
 
 Treat, Chas. W., '84. Prof. Natural Science, Lawrence Univer- 
 sity. Appleton, Wis. 
 
 Trobaugh, Frank E., '88, taught one year. Deceased. 
 Turner, George T., '87, taught two years. County Judge. Van- 
 dalia.
 
 191 
 
 Warder, William H., '76, taught three years. Member of Gen- 
 eral Assembly. Marion. 
 
 Warder, Gertrude A. (Mrs. C. J. Mitchlet), '80, taught eight 
 years. Willmette. 
 
 Webkemeyer, Chas. W., '99. Campbell Hill. 
 
 White, Maude, '97, taught two years. Carbondale. 
 
 Whitney, William, '91, taught two years. Railroad Mail Service. 
 Carbondale. 
 
 Whittenburg, Sarah J., '93, taught eight years. County Super- 
 intendent. Vienna. 
 
 Williams, Cora (Mrs. R. W.Wiley), '86, taught two years. Po- 
 mona, Cal. 
 
 Williams, Chas. J., '95. Clerk. Carbondale. 
 
 Woods, John W., '82, taught fifteen years. Principal. Flores- 
 ville, Texas. 
 
 Woods, William H., '97, taught two years. Lockhart, Texas. 
 
 Woodson, Myrtle F., '93, taught five years. Austin. 
 
 Wright, Mary, '76, taught two and one-half years. Cobden. 
 
 Yourex, Mable Clare, '65, taught four years. Principal. Calu- 
 met, Mich.
 
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