BrJ.McCAN DAVIS a I B RAR.Y OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 529.6 D29b ILL. HIST. SURVEY HON. JOSEPH G. CANNON. SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES CHAIRMAN OF THE ILLINOIS REPUBLICAN STATE CONVENTION AND OF THE REPUB- LICAN NATIONAL CONVENTION OF 1904. THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK BEING AN ACCURATE AND AUTHENTIC ACCOUNT OF THE CONTEST OF 1903-4 FOR THE REPUBLICAN NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR OF ILLINOIS; INCLUDING THE STORY OF THE LONG AND REMARKABLE CAMPAIGN, THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE STATE CONVENTION, MAY 12 TO JUNE 3, 1904, AND MUCH OF THE "INNER HAP- PENINGS" OF THE DEADLOCK BY j. MCCAN DAVIS u WITH 181 ILLUSTRATIONS INCLUDING CONVENTION SCENES, NUMEROUS "SNAP-SHOTS" AND MISCELLANEOUS PICTURES, AND PORTRAITS OF CANDIDATES AND PROMINENT DELEGATES AND PARTY LEADERS SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS 1904 Copyright, 1904, by John McCan Davis. SPECIAL LIMITED EDITION. PRESS OF THE HENRY O. SHEPARD COMPANY, CHICAGO. So 5. f . . INTRODUCTION. It is the purpose of this volume to present an accurate and impartial history of the contest of 1903-04 for the Republican nomination for Governor of Illinois. Such a history necessarily must include an account of the campaign and of the State convention, which marked the culmina- tion of the contest. Both the campaign and the convention were of a most unusual character the campaign being remarkable with respect to its peculiar nature, its long duration, and the men who participated in it as candidates, and the convention which began on the I2th of May and continued in a deadlock until the 3d of June being without precedent or parallel in the State's history, or, indeed, it may be said, in the history of the United States. The public interest in the contest an interest uni- versal in Illinois and widespread in other States must be the justification for this book. " The Breaking of the Deadlock," notwithstanding the limited time at the disposal of the author the aim being to get the book before the public during the political campaign of 1904 has been prepared with a view more to accuracy of statement than to any other single feature. The men who were most vitally concerned in the contest the candidates and those who were closely identified with their campaigns have been freely consulted, and many of them have furnished valuable information. It should be understood, however, that the author alone is responsible for the book and its contents. It has been his purpose to tell the story from the point of view, not of any candidate or of any faction, but of the on-looker and the historian. The gubernatorial campaign and the deadlocked con- vention constitute a most interesting and important chapter in the political history of the State ; and the author has not lost sight of the fact that a book, such as this, ought to be written not alone to gratify an ephemeral interest, but for posterity as well. It was found impossible to get into the book the portraits of all the men in the State whose importance in politics or whose prominence in the contest would have justified the use of their pictures. The men whose likenesses appear on these pages are fairly representative of the different 7 8 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. elements in the party and in the contest of which the book is a record. The portraits of the candidates for Governor are inserted in the order in which their names appeared in the official announcement of ballots in the convention. Beyond this, the order in which the portraits are used is without design or significance. So far as practicable, pictures have been inserted where the text appeared to make them the most appropriate, but necessarily there are many deviations from this rule. To the many persons who have furnished information or material for illustrations, the author acknowledges his obligations. He is espe- cially indebted to Alderman Frank L. Race, of Chicago ; to Mr. Frederick H. Wagner, staff photographer of the Chicago Record-Herald, and to Mr. J. Ellsworth Hare, staff photographer of the Chicago Inter Ocean, for many convention scenes and " snap-shots " which were unobtainable from any other source. THE AUTHOR. SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, September i, 1904. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. CHAPTER. PAGE. I. ORIGIN OF THE GUBERNATORIAL CONTEST OF I9O3-'O4 17 High esteem in which the office of Governor has always been held A review of past contests Something about the men who have filled the office Common custom to seek renomination Nomination of Richard Yates in 1900. II. THE BEGINNING OF THE CAMPAIGN OF I903-'o4 26 President Roosevelt visits Springfield His carriage ride with Senator Cullom and Governor Yates A plea for harmony The Governor goes abroad The northern Illinois movement The Rockford " love feast " - The first move for Col. Frank O. Lowden, " the Ogle county farmer " Friends of Charles S. Deneen active in Chicago. III. FORMAL ENTRY OF GOVERNOR YATES 36 The Governor returns from Europe Ex-Governor Joseph W. Fifer talked of as possible candidate Conferences of Yates men Senator Hopkins and Congressman Lorimer call on the Governor The Hopkins letter Yates makes formal announcement. IV. THE ENTRY OF SHERMAN, LOWDEN, DENEEN AND HAMLIN 48 Soldiers' reunion at Carbondale The " round-up " at the State fair What candidates said in their announcements. V. CANDIDATES BEGIN SPEAKING TOURS 59 Governor Yates takes the initiative Followed immediately by other candi- dates Early beginning of campaign at first discouraged, but soon justi- fied Something about the candidates All men of high ability New experiences for voters of Illinois. VI. THE YATES CAMPAIGN 69 The Governor travels in a private car Begins speechmaking tour at Anna, October 19 The first weeks of his tour A typical strenuous . day " All the world loves a fighter " The Governor's campaign booklet, " The Truth About the Governor " Decides not to make campaign in Cook county. VII. THE COOK COUNTY CANDIDATE DENEEN OR LOWDEN ? 81 A hard fight for the conquest of the big county Charles S. Deneeti and Col. Frank O. Lowden the only candidates making a fight there The " line-up " of the Chicago leaders Control of the local party organization in issue i Deneen's Campaign Committee. VIII. COLONEL LOWDEN'S COUNTRY CAMPAIGN 89 His tour of northern Illinois Some midwinter experiences Overland trips in sleighs Story of the felt boots "Who ever saw Colonel Low- den milk a cow?" The "farmer issue" Some of the humorous phases of the campaign Lowden's Chicago headquarters His campaign literature. 9 10 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. CHAPTER. PAGE. IX. THE SHERMAN AND HAMLIN CAMPAIGNS 99 Judge Sherman's campaign a quiet one Not many set speeches made Makes a " corner grocery " campaign Talks with natives around old- fashioned " cannon " stoves Campaign conducted from Springfield Judge Hamlin makes many speeches A close canvass from township to township in several counties Drives across country through mud hub deep A funny mistake "Ah, our new minister!"- The Hamlin pam- phlet, " The Record's the Thing " Places visited. X. ENTRY OF COL. VESPASIAN WARNER in The last candidate to enter The only Civil War veteran en the list Begins campaign at Galesburg Plans to be compromise candidate The Hamlin-Warner fight in the Nineteenth District. XI. THE " LOVE FEAST " PROGRESS OF THE CAMPAIGN 120 Great gathering of Republicans at Springfield in January Contest renewed with increased vigor Campaign in the northwestern counties The "Low- den Territory " Governor Yates spends several days in Ogle county A bitter fight Lowden retains control of county The Carroll, White- side and Winnebago contests A Yates- Deneen combination Elimination of the " dark horses " The Yates campaign in the country The personnel of his committees Places visited. XII. " No NEUTRALS " - - THE PRESIDENT AND THE SENATORS 147 Emissaries of candidates go to Washington to " set the President right " - Roosevelt holds aloof - Senator Cullom's attitude explained - Senator Hop- kins talks with Yates committee Gives renewed assurance of friendship for Governor Speechmaking campaign in Cook county What Lowden and Deneen had to say Lowden answers stories about use of money Deneen explains his conception of Governor's duties. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. I. ON TO SPRINGFIELD 161 Early arrival of delegates and candidates Result in Cook county makes Deneen and Lowden both important factors Opening of headquarters Governorship the overshadowing issue A bill-posting contest The " boom- ers " take the town The university trusteeship - Spirited contest among women. II. FORECASTING RESULTS AFTER FIRST BALLOT, WHAT? 174 Governor Yates admitted to be in lead on first ballot Speculation relates to what will happen thereafter Governor's forces expected to break up early Governor answers that his delegates were selected " under fire, at the point of the bayonet," and will " stick " Long session not expected Predictions based on past conventions Participants in convention of 1880 in attendance Senator Cullom arrives and discusses situation Disposi- tion of delegate contests State Committee takes action Yates and Low- den forces unite in organization. III. ON THE EVE OF THE CONVENTION 185 " Uncle Joe " Cannon picked for chairman His personality A national figure One of the last of the old school statesmen Luman T. Hoy chosen for secretary "A round-up " at the Executive Mansion Candi- dates make statements. IV. FIRST DAY OF CONVENTION, THURSDAY, MAY 12 191 Opening scenes Temporary organization The Vice-Presidential ques- tion Fairbanks or Hitt? Chairman Cannon delivers address- The Credentials Committee Preparing the platform Candidates still at sea. V. THE SECOND DAY, FRIDAY, MAY 13 215 Crowds battle at doors for admission Convention permanently organizes Precaution against a " stampede " A time for action Candidates' names presented without oratory or eulogy The balloting begins Convention becomes a mob Disorderly man draws revolver Narrow escape of Mrs. Yates Fifteen ballots taken with slight changes General surprise at tenacity of delegates Efforts of the " organization " to control No weak- ening. TABLE OF CONTENTS. 11 VI. THE THIRD DAY, SATURDAY, MAY 14 239 Uncertainty in the air Governor Yates prepares for an emergency Chair- man Cannon's new gavel The " lost band wagon " Unexpected stam- pede to Hamlin attempted A recess until Monday. VII. THE SUNDAY RECESS 247 Delegates spend a quiet day Aggressiveness shown by the Lowden men Several "dark horses" discussed Rumors of Yates- Deneen combination Delegates become reminiscent State and national conventions of 1880 recalled. VIII. MONDAY, MAY 16 257 Delegates reassemble The voting of absentees Chairman Cannon announces interpretation of rule A quiet day in the convention Governor Yates and Mr. Deneen meet several times, but neither proposes a combination. IX. DEADLOCK " DOPE " CONVENTION SCENES 263 A race-track term finds place in vernacular of deadlock Many rumors afloat Difficulty of getting reliable information Wives of candidates interested spectators in convention Platform " for distinguished guests " crowded with ladies, who bring lunch boxes " Uncle Joe " Cannon's manner of presiding i Makes strenuous efforts to prohibit smoking, but declares that " the rule is silent as to chewing " The bands play " Hold the Fort," " Almost Persuaded " and " Home, Sweet Home " Universal inter- est in convention Business almost suspended in State capital Move- ments of candidates Mr. Deneen not often seen Other candidates move about floor of convention How candidates and leaders conferred Sher- man "walks 175 miles" The managing committees. X. TUESDAY, MAY 17 275 Lowden's vote rises Several Yates counties temporarily transferred to him Sherman delegates vote for Deneen Thirty-eight ballots taken Yates makes two combinations during the day, first with Deneen, then with Lowden Busy night for candidates. XI. WEDNESDAY, MAY 18 285 Day opens without promise of change in situation Deadlock becomes of national interest Lowden delegates march to convention, carrying placards reading, " Lowden Forever " Numerous suggestions for ending deadlock Governor Yates addresses delegates at Executive Mansion Perfecting organization Prepares for a siege. XII. THURSDAY, MAY 19 293 Congressman Charles E. Fuller's resolution, proposing to suspend balloting and nominate balance of State ticket, then resume roll-call for Governor Resolution defeated Little Miss Maltby wields the gavel The fifty- seventh ballot concludes proceedings for day Mysterious prophecies A Yates-Lowden conference A near approach to a combination Nothing accomplished. XIII. FRIDAY, MAY 20 THE ELEVEN-DAY RECESS XIV. TUESDAY, MAY 31 CONVENTION RECONVENES 311 Death casts a shadow Col. Robert B. Fort and Arthur W. Pulver die during recess Lowden men aggressive and confident Three ballots taken Cranks take a hand in the contest "The Immortal J. N." tries to " lift the pressure " General feeling that deadlock must end soon Sherman makes proposition. 12 THE BREAKING Or THE DEADLOCK. XV. WEDNESDAY, JUNE i THREE SOLUTIONS PROPOSED 321 The beginning of the end The Gross resolution for a secret ballot The Yates resolution to refer contest to a general Republican primary The Lowden proposition to release delegates from obligations and instructions The secret ballot and general primary plans rejected Release proposition becomes sole topic of discussion and conference Candidates appear before Resolutions Committee. XVI. THURSDAY, JUNE 2 THE RELEASE OF DELEGATES 337 The " release " resolution reported from committee favorably Candidates called upon for explanations all favor resolution, and it is adopted No immediate effect perceptible Proposition to give Sherman a " try out " Senator Cullom objects The Lowden stampede -His vote soars to 631, then declines Riot over a Yates banner Proceedings end with seventy- eighth ballot. XVII. THE EVENTS OF THURSDAY NIGHT 361 Colonel Lowden rallies his forces Growing probability of his nomination next day Midnight conference of Yates committee with Senator Hopkins Senator says he has " embarked for Lowden " Hamlin confers with Deneen and Sherman after midnight Yates and Deneen hold i o'clock con- ference The crisis approaching. XVIII. THE LAST DAY THE DEADLOCK BROKEN 369 Yates, Deneen, Hamlin and Sherman get together Force recess until after- noon Historic conference at Executive Mansion Colonel Warner stays out Deneen agreed upon as candidate for Governor Yates breaks the news to his delegates He then goes into convention and withdraws Hamlin and Sherman follow Deneen nominated Colonel Lowden " dies game " and promptly pledges support to nominee Yates springs surprise Proposes Sherman for Lieutenant-Governor State ticket named Conven- tion ends Harmony and good will. PART THREE: STATISTICAL. BALLOTS FOR GOVERNOR 394 BALLOTS FOR LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR AND OTHER STATE OFFICERS 426 BALLOT ON JONES RESOLUTION (SUMMARIZED) 431 THE PLATFORM 431 LIST OF DELEGATES TO STATE CONVENTION 433 CONVENTION COMMITTEES, PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS, ETC 440 ILLUSTRATIONS. MISCELLANEOUS : PAGE Executive Mansion 16 " Sinnissippi " Colonel Lowden's country residence 52 Residence of Charles S. Deneen, Chicago 54 Governor's Office in Executive Mansion 58 The State Armory Convention Hall 160 Congressman Lorimer Arriving for Convention 162 The Leland Hotel 163 A " Snap-shot " of Speaker Cannon in Front of Leland Hotel. . . . 164 William C. Lawson and John M. Harlan a "Snap-shot" 165 Judge Sherman Arrives Settles with Hack Driver 166 Governor Yates' General Headquarters 167 A Midnight Scene in the Leland Hotel 168 The Crowd in the Leland 170 Mrs. Busey and Some of Her Friends 172 Guessing the Result Delegates in Front of Hotel 175 A Street Conference W. S. Cowen and A. H. Jones Discuss Things 178 Senator Cullom Discussing the Situation 179 " Uncle Joe " Cannon announcing the result of the first ballot. . . . 184 A Delegate's Sleeping Quarters 187 View of the Convention 190 Convention Spectators Waiting for Doors to Open 193 Cook County Delegates Out for an Airing During Recess 203 Colonel Lowden and John C. Ames Out for a Walk 207 Thirty-fifth Ward Delegation in Front of Hotel 212 Judge Elbridge Hanecy Reading Report of Committee on Cre- dentials 214 William J. Cooke, C. Lichtenberger, Jr., and Col. William J. Mox- ley 217 Governor Yates Entering Convention Hall 223 Judge Hamlin About to Enter Convention Hall 226 Governor Yates, L. A. Pool, of Quincy, and W. L. Sackett, of Morris 232 Mr. Deneen and Judge Sherman Exchange Jokes 235 " At the Convention " a Cartoon by Ralph Wilder 238 The Chairman's Gavel 241 The Deneen Delegates 246 Colonel Lowden and Col. A. J. Lester Discussing the Situation.. 251 A Hamlin Badge 259 Judge Hanecy, Mr. Lorimer and A. H. Jones on Way to Conven- tion 265 " Uncle Joe " Cannon Presiding 267 The Yates Map 271 The Lowden Delegates 274 " What a Delegate Wrote His Wife " 279 Diagram of Convention Hall 284 Colonel Warner and E. J. Murphy in Front of Leland Hotel.... 288 The Yates Delegates 292 13 14 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. PAGE Governor Yates, E. J. Murphy, Congressman Snapp and Gen. T. W. Scott Going to Convention 299 "Newspaper Items We may Expect if the Deadlock Lasts "- a Cartoon by McCutcheon 302 " Back from the Siege on the Sangamon " a Cartoon by M. Aleshire 305 Newspaper Headlines Reproduced in Facsimile 310 A Warner Handbill 313 A Yates Badge 316 Facsimile Reproduction of Page from Resolution by Governor Yates 320 'Out for an Airing" Walter Reeves and Colonel Warner.... 325 A Deneen Placard 336 Mr. Deneen Releasing His Delegates Convention Scene 341 A Conference Judge Hanecy, Mr. Lorimer and State Senator John Humphrey 344 The Sherman " Tag " 349 The Yates Banner 355 Mr. Deneen and James Reddick Out for a Walk 357 The Lowden Badge " Lowden Forever " 360 Withdrawal of Governor Yates Convention Scene 368 Chairman's Table and Megaphone 379 " An Echo from the Ogle County Farmer " a Cartoon by McCutcheon 384 " Uncle Joe " Cannon's Verdict a Signed Statement 389 PORTRAITS : ABBOTT, William L 371 Adams, Maj. James E 255 Ames, John C 90 BERRY, State Senator Orville F 100 Bingham, John A 107 Brown, John J 140 Brundage, Edward J 154 Bundy, William F 95 Burke, J. H 158 Busey, Mrs. Mary E 333 Busse, State Treasurer Fred A 83 CAMPBELL, State Senator Daniel A 84 Cannon, Speaker Joseph G Frontispiece Chapman, Pleasant T 1 16 Cherry, Charles T 92 Chiperfield, Burnett M 130 Conzelman, Col. W. J 225 Cowen, W. Scott 71 Cowley, J. R 63 Coyne, Frederick E 156 Cullom, Senator Shelby M 41 Curtis, Ed. C 135 DAVIS, J. McCan 393 Davis, John R 230 Davison, Dr. Charles 373 Deneen, Charles S 27 Deneen, Mr. and Mrs. Charles S., and children 80 Dodds, Fred C 70 Doyle, C. J 144 Duncan, John H 139 ECKHART, Bernard A 152 Ellis, Perry C 142 Ellwood, Col. Isaac L , 228 Eversman, John C 114 FELLHEIMER, I. M 103 Fifer, Ex-Governor Joseph W 47 Fisher, Hendrick V 125 French, Arthur L 74 Fuller, Congressman Charles E 197 GARDNER, State Senator Corbus P 205 Geiger, Chauncey B 136 Graff, Congressman Joseph V 240 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 15 PAGE Gross, Howard H 323 HAMLIN, Rowland J 31 Hamlin, Mrs. H. J 93 Hamilton, John L 109 Hanberg, John J 85 Hanecy, Judge Elbridge 149 Hardin, Everitt C. 102 Hopkins, Senator Albert J 43 Hoy, Luman T 176 Hitt, Congressman Robert R 45 Hitch, Charles P 201 Hughes, State Senator Charles H 62 JEWELL, W. R 66 Johnstone, Hamilton R 91 Jones, Alfred Hanby 75 KNOPH, Col. Aden 131 LEMON, Richard A 112 Lindley, Frank 108 Lorimer, Congressman William 82 Louden, Walter S 94 Lowden, Col. Frank 23 Lowden, Mrs. Frank O., and children 88 MADDEN, Martin B 96 Maltby , Miss Virgene 297 Matthews, Col. Asa C 1 8 1 McClure, James E 365 McCullough, State Auditor James S 56 McFatrich, Dr. James B 101 McKinney, James 182 Miller, John H 219 Morrison, Clyde A 86 Murphy, E. J 60 NEVILLE, James S 77 Northcott, Lieutenant-Governor William A 49 PARKER, John W 331 Peasley , James 1 04 Pemberton, State Senator S. C 117 Pierce, John H 39 Putnam, State Senator James D 145 REDDICK, James 195 Reeves, Walter 209 Ridgely, William Barret. 211 Rinaker, Thomas 123 Rose, Secretary of State James Alexander 51 Ro we, Fred H 121 Russel, Andrew 137 SACKETT, William L 143 Selby, Charles E 126 Scott, General Thomas W 138 Shaw, B. F 253 Sherman, Lawrence Y 37 Shurtleff , Edward D no Small, State Senator Len 129 Smith, Frank L 124 Smith, Congressman George W 248 Smith, General James B 141 Snapp, Congressman Howard M 150 Sniyely, Clarence E 133 Springer, Mrs. Elmina T 171 Stead, William H 128 Stewart, Graeme 148 Stewart, John R. 132 Streyckmans, Felix J 1 06 THOMPSON, John R 153 Tice, Homer J 65 Tinney, Charles M 73 Trautmann, William E 122 Turner, George T 105 VAN CLEAVE. Col. James R. B 216 Vickers, Judge Alonzo K 221 WARD. Harry B 93 Warner, Col. Vespasian 33 West, Roy 64 Wheeler, Dr. J. A 134 Williamson, Moses O I2 7 YATES, Gov. Richard 19 Yates, Mrs. Richard, and daughters 68 THE EXECUTIVE MANSION. Provision for the building of the Executive Mansion, as an official residence for the Gov- ernor of Illinois, was made by the Legislature in 1853. The Mansion was first occupied by Governor Bissell, who was inaugurated in it in January, 1857. It is a stately structure, stand- ing at the summit of a slight elevation, surrounded by trees and flowers, with spacious lawns sloping to the streets. It was from his office in the Mansion (in the basement, in the corner in the front of the view here given) that Governor Yates conducted his campaign for renomination; and there was held the historic conference which named his successor in office. THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. CHAPTER I. ORIGIN OF THE GUBERNATORIAL CONTEST OF I9O3-'O4 EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE CAMPAIGN. For the origin of the contest of 1903-4 for the Republican nomination for Governor of Illinois, one must look far back of the years of the actual conflict back, indeed, several generations. The office of Governor, from the earliest memory of the oldest native of the State, had been esteemed a most honorable one. The men who had occupied it had been of the kind to increase this exalted regard ; for men of large ability, high character and pre- eminent standing had set the pace in the early years of statehood. In the old days, if one wished to predict great things of a young man, he had but to name the governorship. " Some day," remarked an observant, far-sighted friend of Abraham Lincoln, not long after he had quit railmaking, " I expect to see this young man Governor of Illinois." The compli- ment was a high one ; it fixed a destiny that, no doubt, was far beyond that which the future emancipator then had the hope of attaining. Years afterward, in February, 1856, when a handful of Illinois editors met in Decatur to start the organization of the new Republican party, and the question of naming a candidate for Governor arose, they instinctively turned to Lincoln ; and Lincoln discouraged the suggestion of his name, not because he did not esteem the office, but because the political conditions 2 17 18 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. which confronted the new party made his election, in his calm, unselfish judgment, an impossibility. Higher than the Governorship of their State, in the minds of the people of Illinois, were but two other offices the Presidency and the United States Senatorship; even the superiority of the latter was conceded rather doubtfully and grudgingly. So long ago as the early fifties, a block of ground in Springfield had been purchased by the State, and on it had been erected an official resi- dence a sort of White House. The Executive Mansion, in which, in 1857, the first Republican Governor was inaugurated, was, for that day, a most stately edifice ; and the people, though jealously suspicious of everything akin to extravagance, cheerfully paid its cost, in order that their Chief Executive might have a resi- dence in keeping with the dignity of his office. It was inevitable that an office so highly esteemed should ever be eagerly sought ; and one has but to glance back over eighty odd years to see what an array of distinguished men either have sought or have occupied the office of Governor of Illinois. The office attained in 1861, and in the years immediately following, a dig- nity and importance even greater than it had ever had before; for that was the period of the Civil War, and fortunately the State had elected, in the person of Richard Yates, a Governor who was equal to every emergency and responsibility which that great struggle brought upon the State. The State Constitution, as it then existed, made a Governor ineligible to be his own successor. Except for this barrier, the " War Governor " would, of course, have been reflected in 1864. The man chosen for the succession was one who was then a hero and a popular idol Richard J. Oglesby, who had risen in the volunteer military service of his country to the rank of major-general. Oglesby, for the same reason that had prevented the " War Governor " from filling a second term, could not aspire to a reelection in 1868. He was succeeded, however, by a man no less distinguished, in the person of John M. Palmer, who had been nominated over the brilliant Robert G. Ingersoll. The prohibition against two successive terms of the Governor- ship was removed by the Constitution of 1870; and this change marked the beginning of the custom of a Governor seeking a second term. In 1872, Governor Palmer did not seek reelection; he had become estranged from his party and so could not have PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 19 HON. RICHARD YATES. (SPRINGFIELD.) GOVERNOR OF ILLINOIS, WHO WAS A CANDIDATE FOR RENOMINATION IN 1904. Born in Jacksonville, Illinois, December 12, 1860, about one month after his father, Richard Yates, Sr., had been elected to the position he was to occupy as the " War Governor " of Illinois. He entered Whipple Academy, the preparatory school for Illinois College, in 1873, and matriculated in the college three years later, gradu- ating as class orator in 1880. He then entered the law school of the University of Michigan and graduated therefrom after a four years' course, being admitted to the practice of law immediately thereafter in the States of Mjchigan and Illinois. Imme- diately upon attaining his majority, Mr. Yates became active in the public life of the community, and especially so in church -and secret society work. He has often been ^Continued (it bottom of next page.) 20 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. consistently sought a reelection at the hands of the Republicans. He was succeeded by Richard J. Oglesby, who, however, remained in the office but a few days, when he was elected United States Senator. Oglesby's successor, Lieutenant-Governor John L. Beveridge, after filling out his term, wanted a second one in 1876. He was unsuccessful in this ambition, the nomination going to Shelby M. Cullom. In 1880, Governor Cullom sought a second term and secured it though renomination was won only after a sharp contest, in which six other distinguished Republicans participated as candidates and in which the Governor narrowly escaped defeat the contest being the most notable one which the State had witnessed up to that time. In the middle of his term, Governor Cullom was elected to the United States Senate, being succeeded in the Governor's office by the Lieutenant-Governor, John M. Hamilton. Governor Hamilton made a vigorous but unsuccessful fight for renomination in 1884. He was defeated by ex-Governor Oglesby, who was that year elected to the office for the third time. Advancing years, and the fact that he had had the unique honor of being three times elected Governor, caused Governor Oglesby to entertain no thought of succeeding himself in 1888. The nomination that year went to Joseph W. Fifer " Private Joe." Governor Fifer sought and easily secured a renomination in 1892 ; but that was the year of the Democratic " landslide " all over the country, and Fifer was succeeded by Altgeld. Governor Altgeld, like nearly all of his predecessors in a quarter of a cen- tury, aspired to another term. He defeated all comers for renom- ination, but was beaten at the polls. His successor, John R. Tanner, before the close of his term, decided not to be a candidate (Continued from preceding page.) called upon to speak at public celebrations in various parts of the State and in all municipal, State and national campaigns since 1880 he has been one of the speakers regularly at the command of the party. In 1896 he was sent by the National Republi- can Committee into Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Ohio and Kentucky, where he did valuable service for the party on the stump. Mr. Yates was city attorney of Jacksonville from 1885 to 1891. He was a candi- date for Congressman-at-Large in 1892, but was buried in the Democratic landslide of that year, although he received a larger vote than was cast for the Harrison electors. In 1894 he was elected county judge of Morgan county, which position he held for three years, resigning to accept an appointment by President McKinley to the office of collector of internal revenue for the second district. During his term on the bench he was called to Chicago by Judge Carter and held a branch of the County Court of Cook County for a considerable time. In September, 1899, he made the first public announcement of his candidacy for the nomination for Governor, and at the close of a memorable campaign he was nomi- nated at Peoria in May, 1900, his election following with that of the rest of the Repub- lican ticket of that year. He was inaugurated Governor, January 14, 1901. He was married in 1888 to Miss Helen Wadsworth, and they now have two chil- dren, Catherine, aged twelve, and Dorothy, aged eight years. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 21 for renomination, for the reason that he believed that he could be elected United States Senator. A PRECEDENT OF THIRTY YEARS. Such was the record of thirty years which the second Richard Yates found back of him when he was inaugurated Governor in January, 1901. The almost invariable rule had been for Governors to seek reelection. The only exceptions, as already stated, had been Governor Palmer, who had made renomination impossible by becoming separated from his party; Governor Oglesby, who found a conclusive reason for departing from the custom in the fact that he had already been elected to the office three times ; and Governor Tanner, who refrained from a second-term candidacy because he sought promotion to the Senate. It was true, of course, that in the thirty years that had elapsed since the bars in the way of succession had been thrown down by the new Constitution, only one Governor had succeeded in securing a reelection. That was Governor Cullom. But a study of the circumstances of each particular case made it clear that these results were due largely to special reasons which might not apply to the present or to the future. Thus, two of the Governors had obtained the office through the lieutenant-governorship, while two others (Fifer and Altgeld) had been defeated at the polls solely because of the gen- eral political conditions that had prevailed at the time they sought reelection. The failure, therefore, which had come to Governors in the past in their efforts at self-succession did not count for much as precedents. The case of Governor Cullom was sufficient to offset all of the others ; for he had been singularly successful in his political career : he had not only succeeded himself as Governor, but, stepping from the Executive Mansion to the United States Senate in the middle of his term, he had remained continuously ever since in the highest legislative body of the nation. It was well to remember, also, that the Governorship was worth seeking a second time, not only for itself, but because it was the logical and customary stepping-stone to the Senate. In a period of forty years, nine men had occupied the Executive Mansion, and four of them had subsequently been elected to the Senate. It is not surprising, therefore, that his term of office was scarcely more than half completed when the second Richard Yates 22 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. began making plans to secure a renomination at the hands of his party. He had been nominated for Governor by the State con- vention at Peoria in 1900, under conditions that had rarely, if ever, prevailed before in a State convention in Illinois. In that year the party had been divided into two principal factions one led by Senator Cullom, the other by Governor John R. Tanner. The strength of the factions when the convention convened proved to be almost equal. Judge Elbridge Hanecy, of Chicago, had been the gubernatorial candidate of the Tanner or administration wing. The opposition had divided its support between Congress- man Walter Reeves, of Streator, and Judge O. N. Carter, of Chicago. Richard Yates, son of the noted " War Governor," had launched his candidacy for the Governorship in the previous Sep- tember and had made a campaign which had embraced nearly the entire State. He had secured something like 275 delegates, either pledged or instructed, well distributed geographically. The leading candidate was Judge Hanecy, who had approximately 575 delegates, and apparently there was little chance for an aspir- ant who could muster less than half of that number. Yates, how- ever, occupied a unique position. He had all through his cam- paign studiously avoided mixing in the factional fight, and now he was the only one of the four candidates who was not embar- rassed by an entanglement with one or the other of the hostile elements. His supporters were largely men that hitherto had not been prominent in politics, though some of them were veterans. He had developed several elements of strength. Memory of the first Richard Yates was still living and strong with the older generation, particularly with the veterans of the Civil War. Of this sentiment his son to a large extent was a beneficiary. But it was not his father's record alone that attracted support. He had proven a good campaigner. His appeals from the platform had been effective. The impression that he had created, stronger than all others, was that, no matter what might be said in criticism of his want of experience, he would discharge the duties of his office with integrity of purpose. Richard Yates, when he started out for the Governorship in the autumn of 1899, was still under thirty-nine years of age. He was then United States Internal Revenue Collector, with headquarters at Springfield, by appointment of President McKinley. The only other office of importance that he had previously held was that of PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 23 COL. FRANK ORREX LOWDEN. (CHICAGO.) CANDIDATE FOR THE NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR. Born at Sunrise, Chesago county, Minnesota, January 26, 1861. His father, Lorenzo O. Lowden, was born in Pennsylvania, of Scots and Dutch stock, and emi- grated to Minnesota in 1853, Chesago county being at that time one of the outposts of civilization in the Northwest. In 1868 the family removed to Hardin county, Iowa, and the early life of young Lowden was much the same as that of boys similarly situated the rural cross-roads school in winter, farmwork in summer. At the age of fifteen years, he began to teach school in Hardin county, and, his ambition having been aroused by his slight foretaste of knowledge, he determined to get a collegiate education, using the nights and other leisure hours in perfecting himself for the entrance examinations. During this time he took a partial course in the Iowa Agricultxiral and Mechanical College at Ames. At the end of five years of farming, teaching and studying he succeeded in passing the examination for entrance into the (Continued at bottom of next page.) 24 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. county judge of Morgan county. Thus he was ranked as a young man younger than most of the men who ever before had aspired to the governorship ; and there were some misgivings about his lack of experience in public affairs. Many there were, indeed, who at the outset refused to accept his candidacy as serious or impor- tant; for nearly all of the influential party leaders, the men who were accustomed to " deliver " the delegates from their respective counties, were to be found lined up with one or the other of the three other candidates. THE NOMINATION AT PEORIA. These were the conditions that made the success of Richard Yates at the Peoria convention in 1900 altogether logical. Indeed, if the leaders who were allied with the other candidates had been able to make a careful and unbiased study of the situation they would have seen that his nomination was well-nigh inevitable. The reason of this was to be found in the fact that the feeling that had been engendered between the two hostile factions was such that neither would permit the candidate of the other wing (Continued from preceding page.) freshman class at Iowa State University at Iowa City. His funds running low after two years at college, he was forced to remain away during his junior year, obtaining a position as principal of the school at Hubbard, Iowa, meanwhile keeping up the studies of the junior university year. He reentered college at the beginning of the senior vear and graduated with his. class as valedictorian in 1885. During his college career he took an active interest in every phase of life at the institution and since his fraduation has delivered many addresses before the undergraduates, among them eing one, the commencement address to the class of 1894, on " The Lawyer s Alle- giance to the Law," and the Phi Beta Kappa address in 1901 on " Some Phases of the Industrial Question," both, of "which have been widely quoted. The college course completed, a position as teacher of Latin and mathematics in the high school of Burlington, Iowa, was accepted and held for a year, the study of the law occupying all spare time. With the end in view of eventually becoming a lawyer, Mr. Lowden went to Chicago in 1886 and secured a position as stenographer in the law office of Dexter, Herrick & Allen, and in September of the same year he entered the Union College of Law, now Northwestern University Law School. He did what amounted to three years' work in one at this institution, still holding down his position in the law office, and graduated in 1887 as valedictorian, receiving at the same time the first prize on his oration and the first prize for scholarship. His connection with this college has been kept up since his graduation, and for some time he filled the chair of federal jurisprudence. In recognition of his services in aid of the school the student assembly- room in the new professional school building has been named " Lowden Hall." He has been for several years president of the Alumni Association as well as a member of the several bar associations and various civic and economic leagues, local and national. After his admission to the bar Mr. Lowden remained three years with the firm which first gave him employment in Chicago, and has since been connected in partner- ship with some of the best lawyers in that city. He has been prominent in politics, though he has never held any official position. His name has been prominently con- nected with many of the civic reform associations of Chicago for several years. He is also actively interested in farming and in the raising of chickens and live stock on his large and model farm, " Sinnissippi," near Oregon, Ogle county. In April, 1896, Mr. Lowden was married to Miss Florence Pullman, and they have four children Pullman, Florence, Harriet Elizabeth and Frances Orren. During the Spanish-American War, Mr. Lowden was chairman of a citizens' com- mittee organized for the purpose of caring for soldiers in the field, and in the fall of 1898 he was elected Lieutenant- Colonel of the First Regiment of Illinois Infantry. At the Republican National Convention, in June, 1904, Colonel Lowden was made National Committeeman for Illinois. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 25 of the party to be nominated. Yates, with his handful of dele- gates, held the balance of power. Hanecy would not go to Reeves or Carter; nor would Reeves or Carter go to Hanecy. Rather than do this, either would prefer to transfer his support to some man who had not mixed in the war of the factions. But there was no man of this description available, with the single exception of Richard Yates, who sat there with his 275 dele- gates, all " standing pat " and ready to go to the ditch with their candidate. Out of this situation came the nomination of Richard Yates in 1900 through the transfer to him of the delegates that were allied with the Tanner-Hanecy wing of the party. The events attending that nomination the change on the third ballot of a Chicago ward from Carter to Reeves the Yates stampede that followed when Congressman William Lorimer, of Chicago, leader of the Hanecy forces, leaped upon the platform and frantically waved a Yates banner the rapidly changing votes of the counties that ended in victory for the young man from Jacksonville made that convention historic. No such convention had ever been held before in the State of Illinois, and those who witnessed the remark- able and dramatic proceedings were of the opinion that never again would they have an opportunity to attend a convention so replete with thrilling interest. 26 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. CHAPTER II. HOW AND WHEN THE CAMPAIGN BEGAN PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT IN SPRINGFIELD NORTHERN ILLINOIS MOVEMENT. The campaign for the Republican nomination for Governor which culminated in the convention of 1904 was by far the most remarkable in the political history of Illinois. It had its beginning in the summer of 1903. It was practically a foregone conclusion as early as June of that year that Governor Yates would seek renomination. As has been shown, not many Governors had found renomination a thing easily secured. Nearly all had had to fight for it and to fight hard ; and at least two of them had been unsuccessful in their ambition. Now Governor Yates was confronted by conditions that to most men would have appeared discouraging. The factional division of the party which had started before his election to office had been maintained in a modified form, and now he found a large element of his party arrayed against him and determined to defeat his renomination. The opposition had been increased by the hostile attitude of a number of Chicago newspapers. He received advice from some professedly friendly sources that it would be unwise to make a fight for a second term. But in the face of all this, the resolution was early reached that whatever might happen he would make a fight for renomination that he would go before the people of the State and present his case to them, appealing for the vindication of his official conduct. Plans for the approaching contest were started before the close of the session of the Legislature in May, 1903. The fol- lowers of L. Y. Sherman, then a member of the lower house " The 39," as they came to be called had a meeting and pledged themselves to stand together in the coming campaign. This was largely a pledge of personal loyalty to Judge Sherman, though it was not then known whether or not he would become a candi- date for Governor. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 27 HON. CHARLES S. DENEEN. (CHICAGO.) CANDIDATE FOR GOVERNOR. Born at Edwardsville, Madison county, Illinois, May 4, 1863. He comes from one of the oldest families of the State, his grandfather, Risdon Moore, having come to Illinois in 1812 from Georgia. Mr. Moore was a hero of the Revolutionary War and removed to Illinois on account of his hostility to slavery. He brought all his slaves with him when he came north and immediately gave them their freedom and assisted in establishing them on a self-supporting basis. Mr. Moore was speaker of the House of Representatives in the Territorial Legislature of 1814 and a member of two subse- quent Legislatures. In 1823 he was one of two men who signed the minority report which opposed calling a constitutional convention, the purpose of which was to make Illinois a slave State. Charles S. Deneen was educated in the public schools of Lebanon and at McKen- dree College, where he graduated in the classical course in 1882 and in the law course (Continued at bottom of next page.) 28 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. The 4th of June brought to Springfield the President of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt, who came to participate in the dedication of the new State Armory. The occasion was a notable one and it attracted to the Capital many of the leading politicians of the State. In the street parade that day, Senator Cullom and Governor Yates occupied a carriage with President Roosevelt : and as they drove through the streets of Springfield they talked of Illinois politics. The President was impressive in urging harmony in the party ; he went so far as to say that in the East, Illinois was regarded as a doubtful State. The Senator and the Governor, it is said, each pointed to the other as being responsible for the factional division that then existed. The Gov- ernor said that his friends were willing to meet the Senator's friends half way. The Senator said that he had always been for harmony and for a united party. There was more of the conversa- tion ; but that was about the nearest approach to an understand- ing that was reached in the direction of harmony. The President departed for Washington in the afternoon. That night the Governor had a meeting with a number of his political friends at the Executive Mansion. The situation was talked over. The Governor was not yet ready to make an announcement of his candidacy, but he gave those present to understand that they were to regard him as a candidate for renomination. GOVERNOR YATES GOES ABROAD. The Governor, who had not been in robust health since the previous autumn, had planned a trip abroad, and that night at (Continued from preceding page.) in 1885. He is now one of the trustees of his alma mater. After his graduation he taught school in Jasper and Madison counties, studying law and going to Chicago to 1 _i_ l_* 1 , _ _1 ^; TT_ 1_J il TT- /--..- _ r T / 1_i_ . Al part, ___ ..._ _____ .___ Central Committee. He was a delegate to the National Convention at Philadelphia in 1900. During all the campaigns of the last sixteen years he has been an active cam- paigner, making speeches for the ticket in all parts of the city and surrounding country. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 29 midnight, accompanied by Mrs. Yates, he started for New York, whence he sailed for Europe. His friends, who had been con- ferring with him, went to their homes in various parts of the State. The State convention was almost a year away; but those who had participated in the Executive Mansion conference on the night of the 4th of June went home feeling certain that the con- test for the Governorship would begin in earnest as soon as Governor Yates returned from his foreign trip ; and most of them began at once to lay the groundwork of local organization for the coming contest. No man had yet announced himself a candidate for Governor. Yet as early as the 4th of June it was regarded as reasonably certain that at least six men would aspire to the nomination Governor Yates, who had virtually admitted his candidacy ; L. Y. Sherman, former Speaker of the House of Representatives : Charles S. Deneen, State's Attorney of Cook county ; Col. Frank O. Lowden, a Chicago lawyer; H. J. Hamlin, Attorney-General of the State, and Congressman Vespasian Warner. Months elapsed before all of these men got into the contest ; but they were the identical men whose names eventually were presented to the State convention. The fact that so many men were to seek the nomination spoke well for the confidence in the success of the party at the polls the following year. It was well understood that the State convention, however it might result, or whoever might be the winner in the coming contest, would mark the end of all differences so far as the campaign and election were concerned, and that all factions would unite in the support of the ticket nominated. It was in this spirit and in this belief that the campaign for the nomination for Governor had its inception in the early summer of 1903. The first movement in the direction of organization developed in northern Illinois in June. Party leaders in that section of the State, looking back a number of years, discovered that the northern half of the State, outside of Chicago, had not had its proper proportion of State offices. The office of Governor had usually gone to central Illinois, and most of the other offices had been carried off by the central or southern parts of the State. That section known as "Egypt," so fertile of adroit and success- ful politicians, though having a much smaller population, had had more than its share, according to the views of the northern leaders ; 30 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. for at that moment there were three State officers who resided in the southern half of the State. It was argued that the time had arrived when northern Illinois should assert itself and secure larger recognition from the State convention. "THE OGLE COUNTY FARMER." Accordingly, a meeting of party leaders was held at Rock- ford on the 1 8th of June. The counties represented for the most part were those composing the twelfth and thirteenth Congres- sional districts. Already the name of Colonel Lowden had been freely used as a probable candidate, and it was expected that he would be brought out as the northern Illinois candidate ; for he owned a magnificent farm and country place near Oregon, and was therefore almost as much a resident of Ogle county as he was of Chicago. Many months each year he had spent at " Sinnissippi," as his country place was named, and he had acquired the dis- tinction of being called, half in jest, half in earnest, the " Ogle county farmer." He had an extensive personal acquaintance in the northern and northwestern counties, and many of the local leaders in that section thought well of him as a prospective candi- date for Governor. About one hundred prominent Republicans attended the Rock- ford " love feast," as the gathering was called. B. F. Shaw, editor of the Dixon Telegraph, and one of the founders of the Republican party in Illinois, presided. All of the speeches made related to the proposition to secure better representation on the State ticket for northern Illinois. Among those who made speeches were State Senator Homer F. Aspinwall, of Freeport ; H. C. Burchard, of Stephenson county ; A. S. Leckie, of Rockford ; Ralph Eaton, D. W. Baxter, of Ogle county ; Col. Mose Dillon, of Sterling, and Howard O. Hilton, of Rockford. Mr. Hilton made reference to the coming out of the candidates for Governor, and said: "Out this way there is another man, a big, whole-souled fellow, who has the brains to be a big and broad Governor. I refer to Col. Frank O. Lowden." This declaration was greeted with an applause which showed the meeting to be clearly a Lowden gathering. For reasons of policy, however, his friends did not ask an endorsement or a declaration in his favor. Practically the only action taken at the meeting was the adoption of the following resolution : PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 31 HON. ROWLAND J. HAMLIN. (SHELBYVILLE.) ATTORNEY-GENERAL OF ILLINOIS A CANDIDATE FOR NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR. Born on a farm in St. Lawrence county, New York, July 13, 1850. He received his earlier education at the short terms of a district school, working on the farm meanwhile. Later he attended Lawrenceville Academy and finished his education at the State Normal School at Potsdam, New York. At the age of twenty years he came to Illinois and taught school in Moultrie and Shelby counties, studying law at the same time under the direction of Anthony Thornton, of Shelbyville, ex-judge of the Supreme Court, and being admitted to the bar in 1875. He formed, some time later, a partnership with Judge Thornton, which lasted for many years. Mr. Hamlin has always been prominent in State politics, having served on the State Central Committee several terms, and he was a delegate to the National Convention that nominated William McKinley the first time. At the Republican State Convention of 1898, of which he was the permanent chairman, he outlined the expansion policy of the party (Continued at bottom of next page.) 32 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. Resolved, That it is our intention to give united support to secure our just proportion of candidates for office in the State convention. We recommend that a massmeeting of northern Illinois Republicans be called the first of September at Rockford, for the purpose of further outlining and determining the course to be taken by the Republicans of northern Illinois, to the end that united action may be had. While the Rockford " love feast " was in progress, Colonel Lowden was at his country place on the banks of Rock river. He was entertaining a number of prominent party leaders, includ- ing Senator Cullom, United States Marshal John C. Ames and United States District Attorney S. H. Bethea. During the day, Colonel Lowden and Senator Cullom drove over to Mount Morris, some miles away, and called on Congressman Hitt. Much significance was attached to the gathering at " Sinnissippi " that day; but when Senator Cullom and his friends got back to Chicago they declared that Colonel Lowden had not indicated whether or not he would be a candidate for Governor. A Chicago paper had this to say regarding the conference : " It can be stated that harmony was the keynote of their political gossip. Various plans to unite the Republican party of Illinois for the battle of 1904 and carry the State by another McKinley majority were the chief topics of their discussion. It was given out that Federal office-holders would take no part in the coming campaign, and that Senator Cullom has no desire to be an active participant." The second Rockford meeting was held on the first of Sep- (Con tinned from preceding page.) that was afterward pursued. That address was one of the most notable of the year; for it was delivered at a time when the party, on the question of expansion, was still uncommitted and its policy not definitely settled. In an editorial on the speech, the Chicago Inter Ocean said: " The most significant of all Mr. Hamlin's utterances was that referring to the war policy of the administration. Others had spoken of the limitations imposed on the Government waging a war of humanity, but Mr. Hamlin outlined a policy that ' Would strike the last vestige of Spanish treachery and cruelty from the Western hemisphere,' and that would mark a new epoch in the history of this country. When he spoke of Commodore Dewey's raising the stars and stripes in the Philippine islands, there to stay, the convention went wild with enthusiasm. No other utterance of the day met with prompter approval and no plank in the platform was more enthusiastic- ally applauded than that declaring that the United States should hold such conquered territory as would be advantageous to its interests in time of war and peace. On the same day W. J. Bryan, speaking at Omaha, declared against retaining Puerto Rico or the Philippines. Time will show whether he spoke for his party or not, but no one can doubt where the Republicans of Illinois stand on the question." Two years earlier (July, 1896) at Vandalia, he made a speech which was circulated throughout the State as a campaign document, being pronounced a complete and mas- terful refutation of the Democratic arguments for free silver and free trade. On May 8, 1900, Mr. Hamlin was nominated for the office of Attorney-General and was elected at the November election by a majority of eighty-seven thousand votes, leading the ticket by more than ten thousand votes. In this office he has made an excellent record. Mr. Hamlin married Miss Ella York at Windsor, Shelby county, June 8, 1876. They have four children Howard B., Joseph and Jesse Y. ("Jack") Hamlin, and Mrs'. Agnes Y. Mertens, wife of Charles "R. Mertens. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 33 COL. VESPASIAN WARNER. (CLINTON.) CANDIDATE FOR THE NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR. Born in Mount Pleasant (now Farmer City), Illinois, April 23, 1842, his father being Dr. John Warner. In the following year the family removed to Clinton. There Vespasian attended the common and high schools, afterward taking a course at Lom- bard University, at Galesburg, Illinois. He was reading law in the office of the Hon. Lawrence Weldon in Clinton when the Civil War broke out and immediately enlisted as a private in the Twentieth Infantry. He remained in the ranks and carried a musket until February 5, 1862, when he was commissioned a second lieutenant. With his regiment he saw his first service in Missouri, after which came the Fort Donaldson campaign, his promotion and the battle of Shiloh. Before this last engagement he had a premonition of approaching danger which was so strong that he reread and burned a package of letters from a sweetheart, fearing that they might fall into strange hands. The precaution was justified when the young officer received a wound in the cheek (Continued at bottom of next page.) 34 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. tember as planned. It was a larger gathering than the first one had been. About a thousand Republicans, representing nearly all of the counties of the northern part of the State, were present. B. F. Shaw, of Dixon, was again the presiding officer. Speeches were made by Mayor Jackson, of Rockford ; State Senator John C. McKenzie, of Jo Daviess county ; Rev. G. R. Van Horn, of Rockford, and ex-Congressman Walter Reeves, of Streator. No attempt was made to boom Colonel Lowden for Governor, but his friends were in an overwhelming majority. The avowed pur- pose of the meeting to secure proper recognition for northern Illinois was kept well in view. A committee was appointed to map out a plan of campaign. This committee organized by electing E. H. Marsh, of Rockford, chairman ; J. R. Cowley, of Freeport, secretary, and J. Stewart Lament, of Apple River, assist- ant secretary. A majority of the committee were friends of Colonel Lowden and it was the general understanding that its work would be directed with a view to promoting his interests in the contest for the Governorship. DENEEN'S FRIENDS AT WORK. Meanwhile the friends of Charles S. Deneen were actively at work in Chicago. Mr. Deneen had not yet said that he would be a candidate; but powerful influences were at work paving the way for his candidacy. The first endorsement he secured at a public meeting appears to have been embodied in a resolution adopted at a mass meeting of Republicans of the Seventh ward, (Continued from preceding page.) which at first appeared to be very serious. He recovered, however, but the scar is still slightly visible. Shortly afterward he was offered a detail on the staff of Gen. M. K. Lawlor, but declined it at his Colonel's request. A little later he was detailed to the staff of Gen. John E. Smith, and, after serving there for one month, was passed to the staff of General Logan, serving with that commander around Vicksburg and throughout the siege. When General Logan became Corps Commander, Lieutenant Warner remained with his successor, Gen. M. D. Leggett, and served at the battle of Kenesaw Mountain and in the campaign around Atlanta. He fell under his horse during this campaign and, just before Sherman cut joose from Atlanta on the march to the sea, was invalided home. Recovering from his injury after several months of suffering, he was ordered to the plains in March, 1865, and three months later was made a captain. He saw considerable service against the Indians in Nebraska and was breveted major for gallant and meritorious conduct. He was mustered out of the service July 13, 1866. Immediately he began a course in the Harvard Law School, graduating in 1868, returning to Clinton and entering into a partnership with Clifton H. Moore, whose daughter he married. He served as Colonel and Judge-Advocate General in the Illinois National Guard, through the administrations of Governors Hamilton, Oglesby and Fifer. Mr. Warner was a presidential elector in 1888 and was nominated and elected to represent the thirteenth district in the Fifty-fourth Congress in 1894, being reflected in 1896, 1898, 1900 and 1902. In the Fifty-fifth Congress he was a member of the Committees on Agriculture and Invalid Pensions, and is now (1904) chairman of the Committee on the Revision of the Laws. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 35 held on the night of June 17, at Sixty-third street and Stony Island avenue in Chicago. This resolution was as follows : WHEREAS, Chicago ought to name the next Republican candidate for Governor, since neither of the United States Senators resides in Cook county; and, WHEREAS, This great office requires a man of strong vitality, wide experience in public affairs, unflinching courage, demonstrated by the per- formance of difficult public duties under adverse circumstances, and integ- rity beyond suspicion ; and WHEREAS, We believe that all these conditions and qualifications are happily satisfied in the highest degree by our distinguished fellow citizen, the present State's Attorney of Cook county, Charles S. Deneen ; now, Therefore, Acting under the constitution of this organization, we rec- ommend Mr. Deneen to the Republican voters of the Seventh Ward as a proper candidate for the office of Governor of Illinois, and we pledge ourselves, when he shall have signified his willingness to stand for the office, to do all we can to bring about his nomination and to unite with all other Republicans and Republican organizations of this and other wards to secure that much-to-be-desired result. Other Deneen meetings quickly followed. One was held in the Sixth Ward on 24th of June at Boulevard hall, Forty-seventh street and Grand boulevard. The Deneen Club of the Sixth ward was there organized. Among the speakers was Henry Greenebaum, who had been a campaigner as far back as 1856. He voiced the spirit of the meeting when he said : It is grand to see a movement of this kind have its beginning with the people. To me, one-man power in dictating nominations is as bad as any despotic government. Let the people say who they want for their candi- dates and they always select the best men. As a man of the highest char- acter, of ability and of integrity, of wonderful resources, Mr. Deneen is my ideal. On the 28th, the Twenty-first Ward Republican Club gave Mr. Deneen its endorsement. Resolutions favoring his candi- dacy were adopted, and in speaking on the resolutions Paul Stein- brecher said: We want for the Republican candidate for Governor a man who is strong in Cook county and popular in the country a man who is fearless and who is a fighter, and that man is Charles S. Deneen. The work of the next legislature will be of vital importance to the people of Cook county, and we need in the Governor's chair a representative of this county who is in touch with the issues which mean so much to Chicago. Thus the Deneen campaign for the nomination for Governor was well under way before the end of June, although months passed before he formally entered the list of candidates. 36 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. CHAPTER III. GOVERNOR YATES RETURNS FROM EUROPE " PRIVATE JOE" FIFER A POSSIBILITY YATES' ANNOUNCEMENT. All this time things were comparatively quiet in the Yates camp. The Governor was enjoying a few quiet weeks on the continent of Europe, and his lieutenants at home awaited his return before making any important move. The Governor, return- ing, landed in New York July 18, and he reached Chicago on the 24th. Asked whether or not he would be a candidate for renomina- tion, he said : " I will answer that by repeating what Governor Tanner said when asked the same thing. It was the same time in his term and he remarked that it should be taken for granted that a man who is Governor of the third State in the Union would take a renomination if he could get it. That fits my case." About this time many of the politicians began talking of ex-Governor Fifer of Bloomington as a gubernatorial possibility. The ex-Governor was then a member of the Interstate Commerce Commission. It was not certain that he would agree to abandon that desirable and honorable post to enter a fight for an office whose honors he had already enjoyed. Nevertheless, the Fifer movement received encouragement and for a time it looked as if " Private Joe " would be an important factor in the contest. The second week in August Mr. Fifer returned home from an outing in Michigan and said that he had given the matter some attention, but was uncertain whether or not he would become a candidate. " This going into the field as a candidate about a year before the convention," he commented, " is something new to me. We used to hear a little talk about possible candidates for Governor at the close of the session of the General Assembly, and then nothing more until the following winter. I think this is a little earlv for the announcement of a candidacv." PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 37 HON. LAWRENCE Y. SHERMAN. (MACOMB.) A CANDIDATE FOR THE NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR NOMINATED FOR LIEUTENANT- GOVERNOR. Born in Miami county, Ohio, November 8, 1858. His boyhood and early life were passed on a farm in Jasper county, Illinois, to which the family removed when he was but one year of age. He received a common school education and also took a course at McKendree College, at Lebanon, Illinois, where Charles S. Deneen was a fellow student. He taught school in Jasper and St. Clair counties and put in his spare time reading law. He was admitted to the bar and went to Macomb, where, after considerable difficulty, arising from the lack of funds, he opened an office and began the practice of his profession in 1882. Later he became (and still is) senior member of the firm of Sherman, Tunnicliff & Gumbart. He served one term as city attorney ot Macomb and one term as county judge of McDonough county. In 1896 he was elected to the Fortieth General Assembly, in which he made a distinct impression by his force- (Continued at bottom of next page.) 38 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. The ex-Governor voiced a feeling that was generally shared by the older party leaders. About the same time Congressman Cannon, passing through Chicago from Washington, thus com- mented on the Governorship contest: " It is too early. January will be plenty of time to take that matter up. Of course there is nothing to prevent people who like that sort of thing from amusing themselves with debating the situation. It may do them good." But if that view was entertained by the men who actually had it in mind to contest for the Governorship, the course they pursued was quite inconsistent with their theories. Although their public announcements were delayed for some time, all were busily engaged in making plans and in getting the work of organi- zation under way. Before the Governor's return to Illinois from his European trip, he had taken occasion to visit Oyster Bay, where he had had a talk with President Roosevelt, presumably about political conditions in Illinois. The first week in August he met about a dozen of his closest political friends in a conference at the Executive Mansion. This was merely a preliminary and entirely informal conference, and ended without very definite results. But on the I3th another meeting was held. This was a larger gathering, about forty of the Governor's friends being present, all of the congressional districts outside of Cook county being represented. This meeting was held in the office of the Railroad and Warehouse Commission. Those present at this con- ference included the following: C. E. Snively, Canton ; George T. Buckingham, Danville ; W. L. Sackett, Morris; W. R. Newton, Yorkville; E. J. Murphy, warden at Joliet ; J. B. Smith, warden at Chester ; A. H. Jones, of Robinson, pure food commissioner ; John J. Brown, Vandalia ; Senator Putnam, Peoria ; J. E. McClure, Carlinville ; T. J. Clark, Quincy ; John H. Duncan, Marion ; James H. Danskin, Jacksonville ; Speaker John H. Miller, McLeansboro ; Senator Len Small, Kankakee ; Lieut.-Gov. W. A. Northcott, Greenville; James S. Neville, Bloomington ; Charles M. Tinney, manager of the State Committee press bureau ; A. L. French, Chapin ; Senator H. M. Dunlap, Savoy; Walter Fieldhouse; Col. J. H. Strong, Chicago; State Commit- tee Chairman Fred H. Rowe, Jacksonville ; Dr. J. A. Wheeler, Auburn ; (Continued from preceding page.) ful and witty speeches. At the following session of the Legislature (1899) he was elected Speaker of the House and he held the chair for two consecutive terms. He was reflected to the Legislature in 1902. During his service in the Legislature he has been closely identified with the passage of all of the important enactments that have been placed on the statute books, many of which were of his own creating. He has been actively identified with State politics ever since his first election to the speaker- ship of the House. He was the second candidate to formally enter the contest of 1903-04 for the Republican nomination for Governor. The State convention nominated him for Lieutenant-Governor. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 39 JOHN H. PIERCE. (KEWANEE.) CANDIDATE FOR THE NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR. Born at Aurora, Illinois, in 1843. After leaving school he was employed in the postoffice in his native city. Later he removed to Kewanee, Illinois. After spending some time in California, he returned to Kewanee and engaged in the iron business. Later he became identified with the Western Tube Company, of Kewanee, and for many years was its president, resigning in May, 1904. He is now (1904) president of the Illinois Manufacturers' Association. His only public office of note was a term in the State Senate (i887-'89), though he has been a political factor in his section of the State for many years. Mr. Pierce did not formally enter the contest for the Governorship in the cam- paign of 1903-4, but he went to the State Convention with the endorsement of Henry and Stark counties, and had been counted a possibility for some time before the con- vention met. His name appeared for the first time on the third ballot, and thereafter he figured in the oalloting as one of the candidates. 40 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. Col. Fred H. Smith and G. De F. Kinney, Peoria ; Ben W. Brown, Island Grove; M. M. Mallary, Pontiac. The conference continued for perhaps six hours. The Gov- ernor asked his friends for a frank expression of their views. He said that he had not brought them together for the purpose of asking them how many counties they could carry or how many delegates they could control ; he wanted to know the exact situa- tion the truth. This led to a general and informal discussion of the situation in nearly every county that was represented in the meeting. It was decided to hold another and larger meeting on the 26th of August. HOPKINS AND LORIMER CALL ON YATES. Before the arrival of the latter date, however, there was a conference at the Executive Mansion that occasioned no little com- ment and that started a variety of conflicting stories. On the 1 8th of August, Senator Hopkins and Congressman William Lorimer went to Springfield without previous announcement or engagement, as it afterward transpired, and spent several hours in close conference with the Governor. It was nearly midnight before the conference at the Mansion broke up and the Senator and the Congressman went to their train. The story was pub- lished the next day that they had journeyed to the capital to advise the Governor not to be a candidate. As subsequently ascertained, however, it seems that no such advice was tendered ; that the conference related almost entirely to the situation in Cook county, where, in the opinion of Hopkins and Lorimer, a candidate should be brought out in order to hold together the " organization " of which Mr. Lorimer was the controlling spirit. It is said that the Governor refused his assent to the plan ; that he declined to enter in advance into a combination with a Cook county candidate, preferring to make his fight without an alli- ance with another candidate. There was much talk about this time as to the attitude of Congressman Lorimer. From the beginning of the Yates admin- istration he had been recognized as the head of the party organi- zation in Cook county in the distribution of the patronage at the disposal of the Governor. It was a question whether Mr. Lorimer would support the Governor in case he became a candi- date for renomination. The general expectation on the part of PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 41 the Yates men was that Air. Lorimer would stand by the Gov- ernor. " Governor Yates," wrote a newspaper correspondent, August 22, " has never gotten out of his mind the picture of Congressman Lorimer standing on the platform at the State con- UNITED STATES SENATOR SHELBY M. CULLOM. (SPRINGFIELD.) Born in Wayne county, Kentucky, November 22, 1829, his family removing to Tazewell county, Illinois, the following year. He received an academic and university education, removing to Springfield in the fall of 1853, studying law under Stuart & Edwards, and being admitted to the bar. Immediately after his admission he was elected, city attorney. He was a presidential elector on the Fillmore ticket in 1856 and was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives the same year, being reflected in 1860, 1872 and 1874. He was Speaker of the House in 1861 and 1863; was elected to the National House of Representatives in 1864, serving in the Thirty-ninth, Fortieth and Forty-first Congresses, retiring March 3, 1871. He was a delegate to the Repub- lican National Convention at Philadelphia and, as chairman of the delegation, placed General Grant in nomination. He was also chairman of the Illinois delegation to the Republican National Convention in 1884. He was elected Governor of Illinois in 1876 and succeeded himself in 1880, resigning February 3, 1883, upon his election to the United States Senate. He took his seat December 3, 1883, and was reflected in 1888, 1894 an d 1900. Senator Cullom was a prime mover in the framing and passage of the Interstate Commerce Law and was a member of the commission which framed the legal code of the Hawaiian Islands. His term of service will expire March 3, 1907. 42 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. vention in 1902 waving a banner and leading into the Yates column 318 delegates of the Chicago organization. On the other hand, Congressman Lorimer does not forget the fact that after his election Yates recognized the Chicago organization, made appoint- ments for the most part upon its recommendation, and upheld it throughout the State." For some weeks, too, there had been conflicting stories about the attitude of Senator Hopkins. The relations which had existed between Governor Yates and Mr. Hopkins in 1902, when the Governor led the contest which resulted in the election of Mr. Hopkins to the United States Senate, were universally understood ; and the expectation of the Yates men was that Senator Hopkins would come to the support of the Governor in the latter's candi- dacy for the nomination. But the junior Senator had made no public declaration on the subject and it was persistently alleged in many of the newspapers that President Roosevelt had made him the bearer of a message requesting Governor Yates not to become a candidate for renomination, and that the Senator him- self had urged the Governor not to be a candidate. Finally, Mr. C. R. Paul, editor of the Illinois State Journal, of Springfield, addressed a letter to Senator Hopkins, calling attention to the published statements. The Senator replied as follows : CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, August 21, 1903. Mr. C. R. Paul, The Illinois State Journal, Springfield, Illinois: MY DEAR SIR, Your letter of the I7th inst., calling my attention to a number of articles which have appeared in the press of the State, making the statement that I was the bearer of a message from President Roosevelt to Governor Yates, urging the Governor not to be a candidate for renomi- nation, and that I had also had a conference with him and urged him to refrain from being a candidate for renomination, has been received. There is no truth in either of these statements. President Roosevelt has never requested me to be the bearer of such a message and has never intimated in my presence, or to my knowledge, that he did not wish to see Governor Yates a candidate for renomination. I have never stated to the Governor that he ought not to be a candi- date for renomination. The press statements which you mention are wholly without founda- tion. My relations with Governor Yates now are, and always have been, of a most cordial character. Truly yours, [Signed] A. J. HOPKINS. BUOYANT EFFECT OF HOPKINS' LETTER. Publication of this letter was reserved until the morning of August 26, the day set for the big conference at the Executive Mansion. Then it appeared in large type on the first page of PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 43 the State J'ournal, and as the 200 Yates men who had arrived for the conference read the Hopkins letter that morning they were jubilant. The buoyant effect was plainly noticeable in the meeting that followed. The Executive Mansion conference of August 26 was held in response to the following invitation sent out by the Governor : UNITED STATES SENATOR ALBERT J. HOPKINS. (AURORA.) Born in DeKalb county, Illinois, August 5, 1846, and received the groundwork of his education in the common schools; graduated at Hillsdale (Michigan) College in June, 1870, and studied law and commenced practicing in Aurora. He was state's attorney of Kane county from 1872 to 1876 and a member of the Republican State Central Committee from 1878 to 1880. He was a presidential elector on the Blaine and Logan ticket in 1884, and was elected to the Forty-ninth, Fiftieth, Fifty-first, Fifty- second, Fifty-third, Fifty-fourth, Fifty-fifth, Fifty-sixth and Fifty-seventh Congresses. He was nominated for United States Senator by the Republican State Convention of 1902 to succeed William E. Mason. He was elected by the Legislature the following January, taking his seat March 4, 1903. 44 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. MY DEAR SIR, I have been asked by many friends to run again for Governor. Forty leading men united in an absolute request to this effect last week. Before taking final action I desire to hear from the whole State. Please call at the Executive Mansion next Wednesday, August 26, at 10 A.M., and also bring with you one of the strongest of your friends in your county who is not a State appointee. If for any reason you can not come, send a man upon whom you can rely. Your county should be represented without fail. Very truly yours, RICHARD YATES. This meeting was by far the most important that had yet been held to promote the Governor's candidacy. Seventy-six counties were represented. Governor Yates delivered an address of some length, in which he said that he intended to become a candidate for reelection, but would reserve public announcement until a later date. A number of speeches were made, and on motion of Fenton W. Booth, of Marshall county, it was declared the sense of those present that the Governor should become a candidate for renomination. It was at this meeting that plans were made for the distribu- tion of the pamphlet, " The Truth About the Governor," which was subsequently prepared and published. An organization was perfected with a general overseer in each county, who was pro- vided with blanks to be filled in with the names of the Republican voters of his county and returned to the executive office. These blanks were distributed at the meeting. The Yates campaign in the State meanwhile was getting under way. On the 7th of September the Republicans of Calhoun county, holding a convention to nominate a county commissioner, adopted a resolution declaring for the Governor for a second term. This was the first formal endorsement given the Governor by a county convention that year. The same county had started off the first Yates campaign, four years before. YATES MAKES FORMAL ANNOUNCEMENT. On September 21, Governor Yates made formal announce- ment of his candidacy at the Morgan County Republican Con- vention held in Jacksonville, his home. The county convention (which had been called to nominate a county commissioners' ticket) adopted resolutions endorsing his administration and pledg- ing support. The Governor, in addressing the convention at con- siderable length, said in part : On November 6, 1900, I was elected by 63,518 majority. Thirty-two months have elapsed since my inauguration, January 14, 1901. During PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 45 these months I have endeavored faithfully to fulfil the pledge made by me. If I have, in whole or in part, failed to fulfil it, the failure was not an intentional or conscious one. As I said at the time, mistakes are always possible. Some mistakes have been made. An honest effort has been made to right and correct these mistakes, and I confidently submit the whole record to you to consider and to examine. Moreover, during this period I have continually endeavored, to the utmost of my power, to incorporate into legislative and official action the policies and principles set forth in the Republican State platforms of 1900 and 1902. A careful and impartial investigation of the record will show that the economy record, the efficiency record, the appointment record, the law and order record, the labor record, the political record, and the whole CONGRESSMAN ROBERT R. HITT. (MOUNT MORRIS.) PRESIDED AT MEETING AT WHICH COLONEL LOWDEN ANNOUNCED HIS CANDIDACY FOR GOV- ERNOR WAS ENDORSED BY STATE CONVENTION FOR VICE-PRESIDENT. Born at Urbana, Ohio, January 16, 1834, and removed to Ogle county with his parents at three years of age. He was educated at Rock River Seminary (now Mount Morris College) and at DePauw University. He was appointed first secretary of lega- tion and charge d'affaires ad interim at Paris, France, from 1874 to 1881, in which latter year he was appointed Assistant Secretary of State under President Garfield. Mr. Hitt was elected to the Forty-seventh Congress, November 7, 1882, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Hon. R. M. A. Hawk, and was reflected to each suc- ceeding Congress, receiving at the last election a majority of almost ten thousand over his Democratic opponent. In early life Mr. Hitt was a newspaper man and was one of the few expert stenographers in the West before the Civil War. He reported the Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858 for the Chicago Press and Tribune now the Chicago Tribune. 46 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. record of the Republican party and of this administration in Illinois, dur- ing the past two years and eight months, have been good and not bad. Of course there are, as there always have been, men more anxious to build up themselves than to build up the Republican party, and accord- ingly, fully capable of tearing down the Republican party in order to build themselves up. Such men are more anxious to destroy than to encourage Republican officials. Such men will not and do not approve this adminis- tration, and will not and do not approve any administration which does not submit to their control. Such men will not admit that this adminis- tration is good and not bad. I, however, feel fully justified in asserting that were I and all my associates and appointees to die to-morrow, the Republican party in Illinois could and would go forth to victory in 1904 upon this very identical record. You and the whole State know this state- ment to be true. In 1902, ten months ago, this record was assailed and attacked in all its parts, and in all parts of the State, by our inveterate and vigorous political foe, the Democratic party, arrayed behind leaders as able and alert and tireless and fearless as ever led any party. At that election, on Novem- ber 4, 1902, the people of Illinois, at the polls, rendered their verdict. The verdict was a sweeping approval. The vote on state treasurer, the head of the ticket, was a purely political test, and on that as a test, the people voted their confidence in the Republican party and the Republican adminis- tration of Illinois by the splendid majority of 89,770. To realize the full force of this decision by the people, it must be remembered that President McKinley's majority in Illinois in 1900 was 94,924. The Republican major- ity in 1902 was thus only 5,154 less than that of President McKinley, for whom Democrats voted by the thousand. Moreover, in addition to the usual contest between the parties for the control of the legislature, there was an additional issue at the polls in 1902, namely, whether the people, by their representatives, should send to the United States Senate the man endorsed by the Republican party at its State convention in May, 1902, namely, Albert J. Hopkins. It is sometimes asserted that it is much more difficult to carry an election when the Sen- atorial candidate has been nominated by the State convention. The decision upon this point, however, was as decisive as the other. Of the 153 representatives, eighty-eight Republicans were chosen, as against sixty- five of all other parties, and of the twenty-six Senators, twenty were chosen by the Republicans, as against six democrats, the vote on joint ballot being 124 Republicans, as against eighty of all other parties. This overwhelming victory was especially remarkable in view of the fact that everywhere the charge had been made that the Governor and his friends were trying to dictate both the State and Senatorial situation. One of two things must be true either the people did not believe the charge of dictation, or the people did believe in the attitude of the Governor and his friends and ratified it. I am satisfied that, after close inspection, the people of the State have found nothing disgraceful or shameful in the present administration, as conducted through the various departments and institutions. On the other hand, I believe the people regard it as an honest and worthy administra- tion. The constitution of Illinois does not prohibit a Governor from seek- ing a second term. I know of no reason why, after two years and eight months of experience, I should, sixteen months before the expiration of my term and eight months before the next State convention, decide not to be a candidate. Speaking further, he answered briefly the newspaper attacks that had been made upon his administration. He intimated that PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 47 he intended to make these assaults one of the leading issues in his campaign ; and later he made good the promise. HON. JOSEPH W. FIFER. ( BLOOM INGTON.) FORMER GOVERNOR OF ILLINOIS MEMBER OF THE U. S. INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMIS- SION FREQUENTLY DISCUSSED AS A " DARK HORSE " CANDIDATE FOR GOVERNOR IN CAMPAIGN OF 1903-4. Born in Staunton, Virginia, October 28, 1842. His father brought him to McLean county in 1857, where the young man followed the trade of the older man, that of brick mason, and practically educated himself by study in the evenings and at times when work was suspended. When the war broke out Mr. Fifer and his brother, George, enlisted in the Thirty-third Illinois Infantry, participating in the campaign before Vicksburg. At Jackson, Mississippi, on July 13, 1863, in an assault on the breast- works, he was desperately wounded, a ball going through his right lung, injuring other vital tissues in its passage. After a time in the hospital, .he was discharged and served out his time in the regiment. Returning home after the war, he entered the Illinois Wesleyan University at Bloomington, from which he graduated in 1868. The following year he was admitted to the bar and began practice immediately in Bloom- ington. He was Corporation Counsel for that city, State's Attorney of McLean county for two terms, State Senator in 1880, and was elected Governor of Illinois in 1888 after a hard-fought campaign against ex-Governor John M. Palmer, the Democratic nominee. After the completion of his term as Governor, he returned to Bloomington, where he continued to practice his profession until his appointment on the Interstate Commerce Commission in November, 1889, to succeed W. J. Calhoun, resigned. He was reappointed for a term of six years beginning March, 1904. 48 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. CHAPTER IV. SOLDIERS' REUNION AT C ARE OND ALE STATE FAIR SHERMAN, LOWDEN, DENEEN AND HAMLIN ENTER. Other candidates, while withholding their formal announce- ments, began active campaigning. A soldiers' reunion, attended by Civil War veterans from all parts of southern Illinois, was held in Carbondale, September 23-24-25. While it was in no sense a political meeting, the politicians and the prospective candidates for office, in accordance with a long established custom, were there to mingle with the old soldiers. Yates, Lowden, Deneen, Warner, Hamlin and Fifer all made speeches at some time dur- ing the reunion. Sherman was the only one of the reputed candi- dates for Governor who remained away. There were many com- ments about the impressions made by the candidates ; it was said that Yates, always popular with the veterans, had made a great hit with his speech ; that Warner had demonstrated that he was to be the soldiers' candidate: that Colonel Lowden had proven a great success as a " mixer "- that his popularity with the soldiers had been increased by the public attention given him by Mrs. John A. Logan, widow of the famous warrior and states- man. As a matter of fact, however, the candidates came away from the Carbondale reunion without any tangible achievements. Next, the candidates were busy in Springfield during the week of the State fair, held the last days of September and the first days of October. The State fair, more than any other event, marked the real opening of the campaign. So far only the Governor had announced his candidacy ; but it was well understood that Lowden, Deneen, Hamlin and Warner were in the fight and that Sherman probably would enter. The Governor improved every opportunity to meet those who attended the fair. During the forenoons he was to be found at the executive office in the State House ; in the afternoon of each day he stationed himself in a room near the south entrance of the exposition PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 49 building on the fair-grounds and there shook hands with thousands who crowded in to greet him. On the evening of September 30 a public reception was given at the Executive Mansion. All evening the mansion was crowded with men and women eager to meet the Governor and Mrs. Yates. Of the other candidates, the most active were Mr. Deneen and Colonel Lowden. They were constantly in touch with the crowd and with the party leaders who had come to the fair. Their time was spent partly in the lobby of the Leland hotel; partly at HON. WILLIAM A. NORTHCOTT. (GREENVILLE.) LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR PROMINENT AND ACTIVE IN YATES CAMPAIGN. Born in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, January 28, 1854, and received his preliminary education in the public schools. Later he prepared himself for admission into the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, which he entered in 1869, his family at that time being resident in West Virginia. After leaving the academy he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1877, coming to Illinois two years later to engage in the practice of his profession. He filled the office of Supervisor of the Census for the Seventh District of Illinois in 1880. He was elected State's Attorney of Bond county in 1882 and held that office for eleven years. In 1896 he was elected Lieutenant- Governor of Illinois and four years later was renominated and reflected, being the first occupant of that office in the history of the State to be twice elected. In 1902, he was a prominent supporter of A. J. Hopkins for United States Senator. In the gubernatorial campaign of 1903-4 he was a member of the Yates Advisory Committee. Lieutenant-Governor Northcott has long been prominent in the Modern Woodmen of America, being for many years head consul of the organization. 50 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. the Sangamo Clubhouse at the fair-grounds, the recognized head- quarters of the politicians during the fair, and partly in mingling with the crowds in the fair buildings and on the grounds. Mr. Deneen was accompanied by his friend, Roy O. West. It was admitted that during the week he made many friends. Colonel Lowden was accompanied by a number of his friends from north- ern Illinois, including Sol H. Bethea and B. F. Shaw, of Dixon ; D. W. Baxter, of Ogle county, and J. R. Cowley, of Freeport. He was evidently well pleased with the results of his week at the fair. Hamlin and Warner were less aggressive. Both were " feel- ing the pulse " of the politicians. Sherman was apparently unde- cided. A number of his friends, members of " The 39," had par- ticipated in a dinner at the St. Nicholas hotel, but without any formal action being taken. While it could not be said that any candidate had secured a single delegate as the result of his work during the week of the fair, one thing had become clearly apparent, and that was that the contest was to be one of " Yates against the field." It appeared certain that in every county of the State, outside of Cook county, the contest was to be between Yates and some one oi the other candidates. Events now began to move swiftly. On the 7th of October, Judge Sherman announced his candidacy for Governor ; on the 8th, Colonel Lowden made his formal entry ; he was followed on the I2th by Mr. Deneen, and on the I7th Judge Hamlin formally declared himself in the race. SHERMAN AND LOWDEN ANNOUNCE CANDIDACY. Judge Sherman's announcement was made public in Peoria. It was exceedingly brief, being as follows : " My name will be presented to the Republican State Conven- tion for the nomination as candidate for Governor of Illinois. I ask the support of Republicans who believe in my fitness to discharge the duties of that office. [Signed] "LAWRENCE Y. SHERMAN." Colonel Lowden's announcement was made at a mass-meet- ing of Republicans held in Oregon, Ogle county, under a call of the Republican County Committee, October 8. The meeting was presided over by Congressman R. R. Hitt. A Resolutions PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 51 Committee, of which Franc Bacon, of Oregon, was chairman, drafted the following resolution, which was adopted amid enthus- iasm : Resolved, By the Republicans of Ogle county, in mass-meeting assem- bled, that Frank O. Lowden is, in our opinion, formed from years of neighborly acquaintance with his high personal character and abilities, and HON. JAMES ALEXANDER ROSE. (GOLCONDA.) SECRETARY OF STATE RENOMINATED BY THE STATE CONVENTION IN 1904. Born at Golconda, Pope county, Illinois, October 13, 1850. He received his early education in the public schools of Golconda and later had the advantage of a term at the Illinois Normal School at Normal, taking charge of his first school at the age of eighteen. He was soon chosen principal of the Golconda graded schools and in a few years was elected county superintendent of schools, serving two terms in this office. He was admitted to the bar during his second term and was shortly thereafter elected State's Attorney of Pope county without opposition, and was reflected. In 1889 he was made one of the trustees of the State Reformatory at Pontiac by appointment of Gov- ernor Fifer and served in this capacity for one year, being then transferred to the Board of Commissioners of the Southern Penitentiary at Chester, which latter position he occupied until 1893. In '896 he was elected Secretary of State and a second nomination and election followed in 1900. In 1904 he was again renominated. UNIVRSITY Of ILLINOIS LIBRARY 52 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. O 2 ".w'W oi jJ MB J .S i-c C i- Ml tn c a .-a > B o 3 u-a > o- tS-S' lliiplii^ "&* 3 KS 1 "" <3 *M ra trt **"* to j^ 2 -tS u *s ra -SP-al I'M I c'H u g* tn g S s > * "73 * b^ S O u S 2- s| 2 lfflSIIa al-s-rMhJ?! I 3 1 PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 53 from familiarity with his position and services as a Republican, eminently fitted for the office of Governor of the State, and we therefore now request him to announce his candidacy, and we give him the assurance of our hearty support. It was in response to this resolution that Colonel Lowden addressed the meeting and declared himself a candidate for Gov- ernor. In the course of his address, Colonel Lowden said : When last spring it was suggested that I become a candidate for Governor, I decided upon two things. First, that I would not be a candi- date unless the people of this section of the State should favor my candi- dacy. Second, that under no circumstances would I become a factional candidate. I had incurred no political obligation to any faction or any individual in the party. I therefore had no political debts to pay. It was urged upon me that my candidacy for this reason ought to tend to produce harmony in the party. A sentiment was growing up within the party that it was time to stop the policy of extermination of one another and to direct' attention to the common enemy. Since that time the people of northern Illinois have encouraged my can- didacy in most generous measure. I have also received great encourage- ment in Cook county, and evidences of friendship in other sections of the State. Such support as has been offered to me has been absolutely inde- pendent of faction. I believe, therefore, that my candidacy would help to promote a better feeling within the party ranks. For these reasons I can not resist your request, and I shall be a candi- date for the nomination until the Republican State Convention, assembled, shall choose their standard-bearer for the next campaign. So far as lies within my power the campaign for the nomination will be free from per- sonalities. I shall be a candidate for the nomination ; not against any aspirant for the office. If nominated and elected, the constitution and the laws of the State shall be my guide. I fully realize that our State government consists of three coordinate branches, every one of which is supreme and independent of the others within its sphere. In all party matters Republicans of the several sections of the State should be permitted to speak for themselves, without executive interference. I believe in the principle of the merit system of public appointments ; but whether or not positions are in a classified service, merit should be the first requisite for appointment. An appointee's tenure of office should depend upon his loyalty to the State, not upon his personal devotion to the executive. It is my ambition to be Governor of Illinois, and not a party manager. The best men that can be secured should compose the managing boards of trustees of State institutions, and they should be held solely responsible for the management of the same, wholly free from executive interference, except where such management shall have demonstrated incapacity or improper care of such institutions. In that event, executive interference should be limited to removal of the persons thus delinquent. I have stated in brief some of the principles and policies which I con- ceive to be fundamental in this matter and invite to their support all Republicans of Illinois, without reference to past alignments. If I should come to a point where I would not welcome the support of every loyal Republican, I would doubt my Republicanism. DENEEN COMES OUT. The occasion chosen by Charles S. Deneen for the announce- ment of his candidacy was a meeting of the Deneen Club of the 54 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. RESIDENCE OF CHARLES S. DENEEN. NO. 532 WEST SIXTY-FIRST PLACE, CHICAGO. Thirty-first Ward of Chicago, held in Boulevard hall, Fifty-fifth and Halsted streets, on the evening of October 12. Walter Page, president of the Thirty-first Ward Republican Club, presided. A Committee on Resolutions, of which E. C. Fields was chairman, presented the following resolution, which was adopted : Resolved, By the Republicans of the Thirty-first Ward of Chicago, in mass-meeting assembled, that after many years of association with Charles S. Deneen, we hold him in such high esteem as our neighbor, as an able, conscientious, fearless state's attorney, as a loyal and earnest Republican, as an upright, fairminded citizen, that we hereby request him to become a candidate for the office of Governor of Illinois, for which position he is eminently fitted by ability, character and experience in public service, and we hereby pledge ourselves to give his candidacy our hearty and active support. Mr. Deneen, addressing the meeting, said : I can not express in words the gratification I feel, and I never shall forget this hour and this scene. I have lived in this neighborhood sixteen years, and I was the first committeeman chosen to represent this ward in our party councils after the annexation to the city fourteen years ago. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 55 I have been chosen by you at each successive convention since then. For nearly ten years of that time I have represented you on the State committee. I have represented you in public office, as member of the legislature and state's attorney, for nine years. All these public honors are due to you. The only return I have been able to make was an honest effort to discharge the duties connected with them in a way that would meet your approval. The office of Governor is a high and honorable one. It is the chief executive office in the State. Its occupant embodies for the time being the collective conscience and will of the whole people. Through his appointees he is responsible for the care of the afflicted, the unfortunate, the depend- ent and the delinquent, and a neglect on his part to exercise proper care in the selection of public servants works irreparable injury to the general public. Efficient service is the test of merit. This test should be applied to every department of public administration, and tenure of office should depend upon it. The obligation of the public servant should be to the people by whom he is employed and to whom he should render service. This principle applies with even greater force to elective officers. In vain are wholesome measures proposed or enacted into law if men are so nominated that they are fettered in advance by private and secret obliga- tions which prevent a due administration of the law or the fair consider- ation of proposed remedial legislation. To that end a primary law should be enacted which would give the fullest opportunity to every member of his party, in every county in the State, to have a direct influence in the nomination of public servants, so that the obligation of the elective officer may be coextensive with his party. I know I voice the sentiment of every Republican here, as well as my own, when I say that once the selection of a candidate has been made, in the event the nomination goes to another, the chosen nominee of our great party will receive no more loyal support than that which you and I shall give him. As to State policies, I deem it unnecessary at this time to speak fur- ther, but shall from time to time announce my views as occasion affords or calls for. Again thanking you for the high and distinguished honor which you have conferred upon me, and accepting with it also the burdens and obligations incident to the arduous and extended campaign which will be necessary to success a campaign in which I can do nothing without your continued support, and approval I solicit your invaluable aid in this great undertaking. HAMLIN BECOMES A CANDIDATE. j Attorney-General Hamlin selected a mass-meeting of Repub- licans of Shelby county, held in Shelby ville, October 17, for the formal announcement of his candidacy. Judge W. S. Moulton presided over the meeting and made an address eulogistic of v the Attorney-General. Resolutions requesting him to become a can- didate were adopted. In addressing the meeting, Judge Hamlin said, in part : Fellow citizens, friends and neighbors, I realize that I am addressing not only my Republican friends in this community, but that there are also present many of my lifelong friends of opposite political faith. I appreciate your presence, all of you. The confidence which I know you have reposed in me in the past, as a 56 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. private citizen and as a lawyer, I judge from the sentiments expressed by you here to-day, still remains unshaken. As a public official, I have no doubt fallen short of the full measure of my duty; but whatever I have done for the benefit of the people of this State is to be found in the records of the courts, in the various opinions rendered by me upon many important public questions, and the fidelity with which I have discharged the duties of my office. HON. JAMES S. McCULLOUGH. AUDITOR OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTS RENOMINATED. Born in Mercersburg, Franklin county, Pennsylvania, May 4, 1843. In 1854 he came west with his father and located on a farm near Urbana, Illinois, receiving such education as usually fell to the lot of a farmer boy at that time. In 1862 he enlisted as a private in Company G, Seventy-sixth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, serving during the first three years of the war in the operations of the Departments of the Mississippi and of the Gulf. He also took part in the movements around Vicksburg and, in the last year of the war, in the operations about Mobile. On April 9, 1865, in the assault on _ Fort Blakeley, near Mobile, his left arm was torn to pieces by a grape-shot, necessi- tating amputation at the shoulder. He returned to Urbana and spent three years in school, entering the county clerk's office as a deputy in 1868, serving until 1873, when he was elected to the office of county clerk, being reelected each succeeding term until 1896. In that year Mr. McCullough was nominated for Auditor of Public Accounts and at the fall election received the highest plurality of any of the candidates on the ticket, 138,000 votes. In 1900 he was renpminated for this office without opposition and reelected. He was again renominated in 1904. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 57 Upon this record I am willing to stand. No doubt criticisms will be made and my motives questioned by partisan feeling and personal hostility; yet I have the consciousness of having been true to myself and faithful to the interests of the people, without regard to my personal or political affiliations. That I am a Republican and of the stalwart kind is known to you all. I believe the Republican party represents the best interests of the people. I believe that the great prosperity that we have enjoyed in this country since 1897 is almost wholly due to the enforcement of Republican policies, under the adminstration of President McKinley and President Roosevelt. You have asked me to become a candidate for Governor. To be Gov- ernor of Illinois is a great honor. It carries with it great responsibility and arduous labor. I have concluded to become a candidate. I pledge you here and now that it shall be my sole purpose to promote harmony and unky of action and purpose within the ranks of the party. It is my purpose during the coming campaign to discuss Republican principles and the practical questions pertaining to the proper administra- tion of the public affairs of this State. Whoever may receive the nomination for Governor at the State con- vention will receive my earnest support. It is unfortunate that the people are to be inflicted with a preliminary campaign for months before the nominating convention meets. I had hoped that such a lengthy campaign might be avoided. There are plenty of candidates and you are to have ample time. The Republicans rarely ever make serious mistakes. For myself, I expect to make an old-fashioned Republican campaign in support of that party whose principles I love and respect, and for which I have stood all my life. 58 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. .* *i o a o 0^ S^ O CO ^ 2 M *- O - a B-3 ^^ '"' 5 u *" o x !1 z <* '? r; s w DESK. ~j ^a o _ X _>. b ~ 1 = u < 1* U K/l M ^*S O g H U ^ u; te z c! > .-S . < r -- 2 -. O p" PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 59 CHAPTER V. CANDIDATES BEGIN SPEAKING TOUR AN ARRAY OF RE- MARKABLY ABLE MEN. The month of October thus found five candidates in the field for Governor. The work of organization had been in progress for several months ; and now the speaking campaign was to begin a tour of the State, county by county. In this, Governor Yates again took the initiative. His campaign plans were per- fected soon after the public announcement of his candidacy in September. When he proposed to begin a speechmaking tour of the State in October, he was discouraged by many of his poli- tical advisers. The general belief was that, with the convention seven months away, public interest in the contest was not pro- nounced or extensive enough to warrant so early a beginning of the campaign. But the county conventions would begin not later than February, and it was the desire of the Governor to visit practically all of the counties before the conventions got well under way. In order to do this, he felt under the necessity of making a beginning of his State tour without further delay. But the other candidates were not to be outdone in the com- mencement of the speechmaking campaign. The Governor made his opening speech at Anna, Union county, October 19, followed by another address in the evening of the same day at Cairo. Mr. Deneen started out at the same time ; and while the Governor was in Egypt, the State's Attorney was cultivating the voters and the party leaders in Boone and Winnebago counties, where he spent the i pth and 2Oth. The I9th also found Colonel Lowden making an excursion into northern Illinois, where during the week he visited several counties. Judge Hamlin was found at Arcola, Douglas county, on the 2ist, addressing a soldiers' reunion. Judge Sherman was not attempting anything in the line of speechmak- ing as yet; he was contenting himself with a quiet trip through the State, without any definite itinerary and with a view solely 60 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. to meeting in an informal way the local party leaders and the rank and file of the voters. All of the candidates were surprised at the interest mani- fested in the public meetings which they addressed. This was especially true of Governor Yates, who, the first week of his tour, found crowded houses and responsive audiences everywhere. The first meeting he addressed silenced all talk about the com- mencement of the campaign being " too early." The five men now 7 actively engaged in the contest were all men whose ability, training and reputation made them especially HON. E. J. MURPHY. (JOLIET.) CHAIRMAN OF YATES CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE YATES* FLOOR LEADER IN STATE CONVENTION. Born in Nashville, Washington county, Illinois, in 1852. After receiving a com- mon school education he went into mercantile life in Sparta and in 1882 was elected sheriff of Randolph county. He served one term in the Legislature, being elected from the forty-eighth district to the Thirty-fifth General Assembly in 1886. In 1889 he was appointed warden of the Southern Illinois Penitentiary at Chester and in 1889 was elected to represent the twenty-first district in Congress. Mr. Murphy continued his residence in Randolph county until 1893, when he removed to St. Clair county. In 1897, he was appointed a member of the State Board of Pardons. He was transferred to the Illinois State Penitentiary at Joliet as Warden in 1899, and has since held that position. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 61 attractive on the stump. Governor Yates, always rated a good public speaker, had developed remarkably in the four years that had elapsed since the beginning of his former contest. He combined dignity of diction and of bearing with an easy manner on the platform. He had the features, the action, the deep, resonant voice of the orator. His speeches had in them wit, emotion, eloquence above all, intense earnestness. His words brought tears, laughter, applause. There was no lack of sentiment in him; he was fond of dwelling on the memories that stirred men's souls of appealing to the emotion of patriotism. He had long since abandoned the memorized speech; and now, as he started into his campaign, his speeches had the freshness and vigor of extemporaneousness. He was skilful, too, in present- ing " cold facts," and making them interesting. He was now entering a campaign in which the battle of his life was to be fought a battle such as no candidate ever before in Illinois had been compelled to fight a battle that was to bring out the very best that was in him. L. Y. Sherman had acquired an enviable reputation as a public speaker. Since the beginning of his service in the Legis- lature in 1897, his incisive wit, his withering sarcasm, his keen logic and his luminous eloquence had placed him among the foremost political orators of the State. Before and after his entry into politics he had been a successful lawyer, engaged in a general practice. Twice he had been speaker of the House of Representatives in the General Assembly and had profited by the training which that position had given him. It was his power, even though those who listened might not agree with him, to compel their admiration. He rarely spoke on any subject without going through it exhaustively; and he had the happy faculty of making himself universally understood. His easy-going, unpre- tentious manners in every-day life his disregard of convention- alities his lean, lank form, his inscrutable face had suggested to his admirers a comparison with Lincoln. When he appeared on the stump anywhere, in friendly or in hostile territory, he was sure to be accorded a hearing. Col. Frank O. Lowden had never before sought a public office, and voters knew him in connection with politics mainly through the speeches he had made all over the State for the Republican ticket in previous campaigns. Wherever he appeared 62 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. on the stump he was a pronounced success. He belonged to the most effective type of the political orator. His language was simple and direct ; his reasoning was clear and conclusive ; his humor was kindly, but effective. He had had years of training at the bar and had the gift of readiness. No questioner was able to " floor " him. His speeches were well tempered and free from personalities. Off the stump he was what the politicians called a good " mixer." His manner had the quality of cordiality. His handshake had meaning in it. He was open and frank of speech. He appeared to have none of the politician's guile. He was a " captivating fellow/' He had magnetism, such as half a century STATE SENATOR CHARLES H. HUGHES. (DIXON.) CAMPAIGN MANAGER FOR COLONEL LOWDEN. Born in Columbia county, Pennsylvania, and received his education in the public schools, supplementing this with a course at Susquehanna University in that State. He came to Illinois in 1868 and settled in Lee county and engaged in farming, which he has continued to the present time, also doing an extensive business in the feeding and shipping of cattle. He is cashier of the Dixon National Bank. He has served a term as county treasurer of Lee county and has been mayor of Dixon. He was elected to the State House of Representatives in 1900 and to the State Senate in 1902. When Colonel Lowden entered the contest for the governorship in 1903, he selected Senator Hughes as his campaign manager. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 63 before had attached thousands of men to Stephen A. Douglas, the " Little Giant," as his life-long friends. Having amassed a fortune of his own, and having married a daughter of the late George M. Pullman, he was ranked among the wealthiest men of the State ; but this fact proved no obstacle to his popularity with the masses of the party wherever he came in personal contact with them. His business connections were extensive and there was a large element of conservative business men disposed to support his candidacy. HON. J. R. COWLEY. (FREEPORT.) MANAGER OF COLONEL LOWDEN's CAMPAIGN PRESS BUREAU PROMINENT IN CONNECTION WITH STATE CONVENTION. Born in La Salle county, Illinois, in 1864, and removed with his parents to Car- roll county during early childhood. At the age of fifteen he entered the office of the Freeport Journal to learn the printing trade under Gen. Smith D. Atkins. He has been with that paper ever since, the last fifteen years as city editor. Ever since attain- ing his majority he has taken an active interest in politics and was elected a member of the Freeport City Council at the age -jt twenty-one. In 1900 he was nominated for the State Legislature by acclamation, but declined to make the race. Mr. Cowley has served as secretary of the Stephenscn County Central Committee and for the past six years has been the member of the State Central Committee from the thirteenth district. During the campaign of 1900 he was chairman of the Press Committee of the latter body, and in 1902 was chairman of the Committee on Organization. When it was thought that Congressman Hitt might be nominated for Vice-Presi- dent, Mr. Cowley was talked of as his successor in Congress. 64 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. Charles S. Deneen was better known in Chicago than in the State at large. For dispassionate discussion of a subject, for the unemotional treatment of facts, for oratory resting upon the solid groundwork of logic, Mr. Deneen stood in the front rank of the public speakers of Illinois. He had been born and educated in the country in southern Illinois and had gone to Chicago an unknown country youth, to make his own way. He had made a success of the law, and having embarked in politics almost the first day of his arrival in Chicago, he had been exceptionally HON. ROY O. WEST. CAMPAIGN MANAGER FOR CHARLES S. DENEEN CHAIRMAN REPUBLICAN STATE CENTRAL COMMITTEE IN CAMPAIGN OF 1904. Born at Georgetown, Vermilion county, Illinois, October 27, 1868; educated in the public schools and at DePauw University, Greencastle, Indiana, graduating in 1890 with the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws, later (1893) receiving also the degree of Master of Arts. Mr. West located in Chicago in 1889 (a year before his graduation) and became acquainted with Mr. Deneen. Though educated in different institutions, they had chanced to receive instruction from the same professor of Greek Dr. William F. Swahlen, who had come to DePauw University from McKendree College at Lebanon, Illinois. In Chicago, Mr. West at once entered politics. In 1894 he was made Assistant County Attorney in charge of the tax depart- ment. In 1895 he was elected City Attorney of Chicago. In 1898 he was elected a member of the Cook County Board of Review, and was reflected in 1902 for a term_of six years. He is senior member of the law firm of West, Eckhart & Taylor, with offices in the First National Bank Building. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 65 successful in that field also. He had served a term in the lower house of the Legislature in 1893. For seven years he had been State's Attorney of Cook county and had achieved an extensive and creditable reputation by the manner in which he had dis- charged the duties of that office. On the stump, Mr. Deneen was always clear-headed and convincing. His straightforward- ness and his obvious ability commanded unfailing respect. His modesty, his hatred of display, his kindly manner, readily won admirers and friends. His record, public and private, had been that of a clean-handed, honest man. H. J. Hamlin, the last of the five men to make a declaration of candidacy, had been longer in politics than any of his rivals. HON. HOMER J. TICK. (GREENVIEW.) CAMPAIGN MANAGER FOR L. Y. SHERMAN PROMINENT IN STATE POLITICS. Born near Athens, Menard county, in 1862, and is a graduate of the Bloomington Business College and of Lincoln University, graduating from the latter with the class of '82. He has prospered both as a farmer and as a business man. He was appointed by Governor Tanner as a member of the State Board of Canal Commissioners and was a delegate to the National Trust Conference. He was also a delegate to the National Corn Conference held in Chicago. He was elected a member of the House of Repre- sentatives in 1890 and again in 1902. 66 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. For many years he had been a practicing lawyer in Shelbyville before his election to the office of Attorney-General, which he then held. His rank at the bar was high, not only because of his official position, but because of his previous success as a prac- titioner, and of the legal ability which he possessed beyond ques- tion. In every community he was able to count a number of stanch friends among the lawyers. Before becoming Attorney- General, he had never been much given to seeking office ; but he had been active in party affairs. He had been found on the stump in every campaign for a quarter of a century, and so had HON. W. R. JEWELL. (DANVILLE.) EDITOR THE DANVILLE " NEWS " PROMINENT SUPPORTER OF JUDGE HAMLIN, BEING CHAIRMAN OF HIS STEERING COMMITTEE. Born in Kentucky in 1837 and removed to Indiana in early childhood, living on a farm in Sullivan county until the age of sixteen. He learned the printer's trade in Terre Haute and graduated at Butler College, Indianapolis. During the war he served in the Seventh and Seventy-second Indiana regiments as line and staff officer. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in Indiana and removed to Danville in 1873. becoming editor of the Danville News and one of the managers of the Illinois Printing Company. He was a presidential elector for Garfield, Harrison and McKinley (1896). Mr. Jewell has been one of the close political friends of Joseph G. Cannon during the whole of the Speaker's career. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 67 attained a large degree of prominence in the party. As a public speaker he had long held a high place. His oratory was of the solid, logical kind; it was not wholly without emotion or wit or imagination, but its dominating characteristic was to be found in the clearness of statement and the acuteness of reasoning. Off the stump, Judge Hamlin was agreeable and unostentatious. He had the faculty of making and retaining friends. Never before in the history of the State had such an array of able men gone forth to seek favor at the hands of the masses of the Republican party in quest of the office of Governor. The cam- paign which followed, covering a period of six months, far sur- passed anything that had been previously known among the cam- paigns for the nomination for any office within the gift of the people of the State. Volumes might be written on the campaign which thus began in the autumn of 1903 and was carried on without cessation throughout the ensuing winter up to the first days of summer. It is impracticable in this work, however, to follow the candidates, county by county, as they traveled over the State making speeches and mingling with the people. It was a new experience for the voters of Illinois to find themselves in the midst of a political campaign an entire year before the election at which the high office being sought was to be filled. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 69 CHAPTER VI. YATES BEGINS IN "EGYPT" HIS CAMPAIGN LITERATURE "THE ENEMY'S COUNTRY." Governor Yates made his tour of the State in a private car. This car was carried by the regular trains. In it he ate and slept and worked. The car was generally crowded with guests whose personnel was constantly changing, principally local leaders traveling from one point to another by invitation of the Governor. Mrs. Yates was with the Governor part of the time the first week, and several days at a later period and shared her husband's ovations. With the Governor throughout his campaign was Fred C. Dodds, of Springfield, who served as his secretary in charge of the speaking tour. As already stated, the Governor's opening speech was made at Anna in the afternoon of October 19. The Governor reached Anna at n o'clock in the morning. He was met at the station by a delegation of prominent citizens with a brass band, and was escorted to the hotel. In the afternoon he was escorted to the opera house and there* found awaiting him a large audience. On the stage were the local political celebrities and more than a score of prominent Republicans from near-by counties Franklin, St. Clair, Saline, Clay, Crawford, Jefferson, Randolph, William- son, Washington, Alexander and Fayette. His address was lis- tened to with close attention and with frequent demonstrations of approval. From Anna he went to Cairo, where a night meeting was held. The next morning he went to Carbondale, where he addressed a meeting at the Southern Normal School. From there he went to Marion, Williamson county, arriving there about noon. About a thousand persons awaited him at the station and acted as an escort to the Goodall hotel. In the afternoon a crowd gathered in front of the hotel, and would not be satisfied until the Governor had come out and delivered a short address. Mrs. Yates received 70 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. her share of attention, the women of the place giving her a reception during the afternoon. Later in the day several hun- dred school children called at the hotel and were presented to Governor and Mrs. Yates. The meeting at Marion was held in the evening in the old cir- cuit courtroom. The room was completely packed, and hun- dreds were unable to find even standing room within. The crowd at the door was so dense that the Governor had the greatest difficulty in getting into the courtroom. Somebody in the crowd shouted that they would be willing to retire and go downstairs and wait on the curbing of the courthouse yard if the Governor FRED C. DODDS. (SPRINGFIELD.) SECRETARY OF YATES CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE IN CHARGE OF SPEAKING TOUR. Born in Sangamon county in June, 1862; received his early education in the country schools; graduated from the Springfield High School. He was assistant secre- tary of the Railroad and Warehouse Commission during the Oglesby and Fifer adminis- trations. He was in the office of the State Board of Public Charities from 1897 until February, 1904, when he was elected secretary of the State Board of Pharmacy to succeed L. T. Hoy, who had resigned to accept a federal appointment. Mr. Dodds was secretary in charge of Governor Yates' speaking tour during the gubernatorial cam- paign of 1903-4 and was one of the assistant secretaries of the State convention. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 71 would promise after finishing his speech there to go downstairs and make another speech. The Governor made the promise and a part of the crowd then retired and the Governor was able to pro- ceed with his speech. Meanwhile two overflow meetings were being held in the courthouse yard. One of them was addressed by A. Hanby Jones, of Crawford county, and the other by Norman Moss, of Mount Vernon. They entertained the crowd until the Governor had finished his speech upstairs, when he came down and made a second address from the steps of the courthouse. W. SCOTT COWEN. (CHICAGO.) VICE-CHAIRMAN YATES CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE IN CHARGE OF YATES* CHICAGO HEAD- QUARTERS DURING CAMPAIGN PROMINENT IN CONVENTION. Born near Shannon, Carroll county, Illinois, and spent his early life on a farm. After completing a common school education he engaged in the live stock and grain business and continued in it until 1889, when he was appointed postmaster at Shannon. In 1897 Governor Tanner appointed him trustee of the Illinois Northern Hospital for the Insane at Elgin and he held this position four years. In June, 1904, he received the appointment of Chief Grain Inspector at Chicago, which position he still holds. Mr. Cowen was a delegate to the Republican National Convention at Minneapolis in 1892 and was one of the stanch Blaine men in that convention. He was elected a member of the Republican State Central Committee in 1900 and again in 1904. 72 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. On Wednesday, the 2ist, he was at Effingham in the afternoon. From there he went to Centralia, where he addressed a large audi- ence in the opera house that evening. Local people treated the occasion as a notable one. Leading citizens were on the stage, and the boxes were occupied by ladies in evening dress. The audience was sympathetic and enthusiastic. On the morning of the 22d (Thursday) he arrived at Mat- toon. There he was met by a committee from Charleston and was persuaded to go to the latter place and make a speech. His address at Charleston was delivered in the courthouse at noon. He then returned to Mattoon and delivered an address there dur- ing .the afternoon. In the evening he spoke at Tuscola. Friday morning, the 23d, found him at Paxton, where during the forenoon he addressed a meeting in the city courtroom. From Paxton he went back to Champaign and spoke there in the after- noon. After the meeting in Champaign, he was driven to the University of Illinois and witnessed the parade of the cadets. That night he spoke in Urbana. Saturday morning, the 24th, he went to Kankakee, and at 4 o'clock that afternoon addressed a large audience. From there he went to Chicago, and then out to Elgin, where he delivered an address that night. A STRENUOUS DAY. The Governor had been continuously on the road for six days, speaking two or three times each day. He had visited twelve counties. He now found that his voice had suffered considerably, and he remained in Springfield during the following week. The second week of his speaking tour was commenced on Tuesday, November 3. That, day was a most strenuous one and it was typical of many others that followed in the course of his cam- paign. He began the day by going to the polls in Jacksonville at 7 o'clock in the morning to vote for the Republican candidate for county commissioner. From there he went to Virden, about thirty miles away, where he addressed a large meeting on the public square. Next he proceeded to Girard, four miles south- ward, and there addressed another open air meeting. Nilwood, a miners' village about four miles farther south, was next visited, a reception being given in one of the business houses and the Governor speaking briefly. From Nilwood, accompanied by James PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 73 E. McClure, of Carlinville, and C. J. Doyle, of Greenfield, the Governor drove in a carriage to Carlinville, stopping on the way at three country schoolhouses to shake hands with the astonished teachers and pupils. He arrived at Carlinville at I o'clock in the afternoon. Mrs. Yates had been there since morning, having gone down from Springfield in the private car on an early train, and had been tendered a reception by the women of Carlinville. The meeting addressed by the Governor was held in the circuit courtroom, Judge Shirley, a Democrat, having adjourned court for two CHARLES M. TINNEY. (SPRINGFIELD.) SECRETARY OF YATES CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE LATER SECRETARY TO THE GOVERNOR SERGEANT-AT-ARMS OF THE STATE CONVENTION OF 1904. Born in Marion, Indiana, in 1850. He was reared and educated in the city of Pekin, Illinois, where he studied law and was admitted to the bar. He began the prac- tice of law in Virginia, Illinois, where he was elected to his first political office, that of city attorney. In 1880 he became proprietor of the Virginia. Gazette and six years later he was married to Miss Anna E. Craft. He was for several years the treasurer and later president of the Illinois Press Association. Mr. Tinney was appointed post- master at Virginia in 1898 and was manager of the press bureau of the Republican State Central Committee, beginning in 1900. In the campaign of 1903-4 he was secre- tary of the Yates Campaign Committee. Before the close of the campaign (March I, 1904) he was appointed private secretary to the Governor. He was sergeant-at-arms of the State Convention. 74 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. hours in order that the Governor might have the use of the room. The courtroom was packed, fully 1,000' persons being present. From Carlinville the Governor went to Alton, arriving there in the early evening. He was met at the station by a large crowd, which included a company of cadets from the Western Military Academy, who fired the Governor's salute. After a reception at the Hotel Madison, the Governor went to the Spald- ing Auditorium, where a large audience awaited him, many persons not being able to gain entrance. The Governor was intro- HON. ARTHUR L. FRENCH. (CHAPIN.) AN " ORIGINAL YATES MAN " ONE OF THE GOVERNOR'S CLOSEST ADVISERS MEMBER OF YATES STEERING AND CAMPAIGN COMMITTEES. Born in Morgan county, 111., November 3, 1862, on a farm near Chapin, on which he still resides. He was educated in the public schools of Chapin, the Adrian (Mich.) College, and the Gem City Business College, of Quincy, 111. He began his lifework at sixteen, when his father, Samuel French, died. In 1892, he organized the Chapin State Bank, and was its manager until March i, 1901, when he resigned to accept an appointment as a member of the Railroad and Warehouse Commission, an office he still holds. He is extensively interested in farming. He became promi- nent in politics for the first time in 1900, when he was actively identified with the Yates campaign for the nomination for Governor. He is one of a half-dozen men who have been accounted as the closest and most trusted advisers of the Governor throughout his administration. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 75 duced by the Rev. H. M. Chittendon. The audience was enthu- siastic and demonstrative. His last address for that day was delivered at n o'clock at night from the rear of his car at Green- field, Greene county, where several hundred persons had been waiting at the station for several hours to hear him. The next morning (November 4) found him at Winchester, Scott county, the first home of Stephen A. Douglas in Illinois. From there he proceeded northward, speaking at Galesburg in the evening. On Thursday, the 5th, he made speeches at Moline, Rock Island and Sterling. On the 6th (Friday) he concluded his HON. ALFRED HANBY JONES. (ROBINSON.) PURE FOOD COMMISSIONER MEMBER OF VAXES STEERING COMMITTEE A CONVENTION LEADER. Born on a farm in Honey Creek township, Crawford county, Illinois, July 4, 1850. He studied law and was admitted to the practice in June, 1875; was State's Attorney of his county in 1876. Mr. Jones has been President of the School Board of Robinson for fifteen years and has been attorney for the Cairo division of the " Big Four " Railroad for twenty-five years. He was president of the Board of Trustees of the Eastern Illinois State Normal School from 1896 to 1899 and in the latter year he was appointed by Governor Tanner as State Food Commissioner, being reappomted to the position by Governor Yates. He has been an officer and an active member of the National Association of Food Commissioners and is chairman of the Executive Board of that organization. 76 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. tour for the week with a speech at Dixon, Lee county, in the after- noon, and one at Polo, Ogle county, at night. The Governor was getting now into territory that had been counted as friendly to one of his rivals, Colonel Lowden, whose country home was located in Ogle county, and who had hundreds of personal friends in the adjoining county of Lee. He was shown many courtesies by the Lowden men at Dixon, being driven over the town by Ben F. Shaw, Judge R. S. Farrand, Senator C. H. Hughes and Sheriff M. J. McGowan, all prominent as Lowden leaders. " ALL THE WORLD LOVES A FIGHTER." In his Dixon speech, the Governor gave utterance for the first time to a sentiment that became a battle-cry in his campaign. Referring to the attacks that had been made upon him by the newspapers, he exclaimed : " What can a man do in such a case ?" " Fight it out," a man in the audience shouted. "I think you are right, my friend. All the world loves a fighter and all the world hates a quitter, and I will fight this battle to the bitter end." The thunderous applause which greeted this utterance showed that the Governor had struck a responsive chord. The same sentiment was reechoed scores of times in the course of his cam- paign, and it never failed to bring cheers from his audience. It expressed the aggressive, belligerent, defiant attitude of the Governor, and it infused in his followers all over the State the same fighting srjirit. The public for the first time was becoming acquainted with Yates the fighter. He extorted admiration even from his foes and in counties that had been counted as being over- whelmingly against him he won hundreds of friends. No meeting was held without its musical features. Usually there was a brass band, which frequently was supplemented by a quartet of singers. Many compositions were improvised for the occasion. At one place a local quartet sang a song of which the refrain was as follows : " We want a man like Richard Yates To tell the press of their mistakes To put us right for another fight Keep off the grass, by jingo!" PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 77 Saturday, the 7th of November, found the Governor in Chi- cago at his headquarters, which had been opened in the Great Northern hotel. He had closed a week which was typical of all the others that followed. It was his plan to spend three days of each week on his tour and two days in Springfield, ending the week with Saturday in Chicago. This program was car- ried out with occasional variations. The Chicago headquarters, on " J " floor of the Great Northern hotel, were designed prin- cipally as a place of rendezvous for his friends from northern JAMES S. NEVILLE. (BLOOMINGTON.) MEMBER OF YATES CAMPAIGN AND STEERING COMMITTEES -AMONG THE MOST PROMINENT IN YATES' CAMPAIGN. Born at Mackinaw, 111., March n, 1856; was taken to Eureka when four years old; at fourteen, returned to Mackinaw to live on a farm, remaining there until twenty-one, when he removed to Bloomington, where he has since resided. He read law with Rowell & Hamilton the junior member of the firm being Governor John M. Hamilton. After admission to the bar, Mr. Neville formed a law partner- ship with Congressman Rowell, which has continued ever since. Mr. Neville is also cashier of the German-American Bank. He was postmaster during Harrison's admin- istration. He was an " original Yates man," securing McLean county for Yates in 1900 the first large county outside of Morgan secured that year by the future Governor. Mr. Neville is now a member of the Railroad and Warehouse Com- mission. Throughout the Yates administration, he has been one of the Governor's closest advisers. 78 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. Illinois, and those from other sections of the State who chanced to be in Chicago. The headquarters were in charge of W. Scott Cowen, of Carroll county, and E. J. Murphy, chairman of the Yates Campaign Committee, spent much time there. The busy day at the Chicago headquarters, of course, was when Governor Yates came to town. Then there were conferences with the leaders from various localities; situations were talked over and campaign plans perfected. "THE TRUTH ABOUT THE GOVERNOR." The active work of the campaign, however, was conducted from the Executive Mansion in Springfield. There the Gov- ernor had a clerical force at work, under the direction of C. M. Tinney, whom he had made his campaign secretary. A room in the basement was set apart exclusively for the filing of corre- spondence, each county having a separate compartment in the wall space. In another basement room was the Governor's private office in the mansion. To this office came all letters relating to the campaign, and here thousands of letters were written each week, some of them going out directly from Secretary Tinney, and many hundreds awaiting the Governor's personal approval and signature. Much of the Governor's campaign literature was also sent from Springfield, especially the thousands of copies of the pam- phlet containing his veto messages ; but the principal document distributed was sent out from Chicago. This was the book- let entitled, " The Truth About the Governor." This booklet of 144 pages was made up of ten chapters dealing with the Gov- ernor's administration. It had been planned during the summer by the Governor, who had gotten the idea from a similar docu- ment which Governor La Follette of Wisconsin had distributed in a former campaign. It was the Governor's purpose to get the pamphlet into the hands of every Republican voter in the State, outside of Cook county, and in this he was fairly successful. A mailing list had been made up from the lists of Republican voters sent to the executive office from each county on the blanks distributed at the Executive Mansion meeting held August 26, already described. The list aggregated about 300,000 names. The pamphlet having been printed in Chicago, the envelopes were addressed there by an addressing agency, and before the cam- PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 79 paign was far along the Republican voters all over the State were receiving through the mail copies of " The Truth About the Gov- ernor." Although much of the ordinary campaign literature that is sent out by political committees is never read, the gubernatorial campaign of 1903-4 excited such widespread interest that everything pertaining to it received attention, and there is no doubt but that the Governor's booklet was generally read and that it had much to do with the creation of the friendly sentiment which developed before the close of his campaign. The early part of November found the Governor and his advisers considering whether or not it would be worth while to make a campaign in Cook county. Chicago had been the center of the opposition, and the Governor personally was exceedingly anxious to invade the " enemy's country." There was much uncertainty regarding the Cook county situation. The Governor had many friends there and some of them urged him to make a fight for delegates in Chicago. Others, however, contended that a contest would be futile. It seemed pretty certain that the Cook county delegates would be divided between the two Chicago candi- dates already in the field, and that there would be little oppor- tunity for a country candidate to make much headway in the big city. Finally the Governor concluded not to attempt a fight for delegates in Cook county, but to make at least one speeech there in advance of the primaries, and then to make a few speeches after the delegates had been selected. The plan subse- quently was carried out. 80 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. .5 c 9 s . Q > g5 < is > ^ U> S U u So 18 22 w S s PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 81 CHAPTER VII. THE COOK COUNTY CANDIDATE DENEEN OR LOWDEN WHICH? Meanwhile the fight for the conquest of Cook county had got- ten under way. It was obvious that the contest there must be exclusively between State's Attorney Charles S. Deneen and Col. Frank O. Lowden. Both were residents of Chicago, and each had his own peculiar elements of political strength. Of the two men, Mr. Deneen had the better claim to being strictly the Chicago candidate, for he had so announced himself, and the influences back of him were those which represented more than anything else Chicago interests. Chicago had never had a Republican Gov- ernor ; Chicago was asking for a " new charter " amendment to the Constitution; Chicago would have large and important inter- ests at stake in the Legislature during the ensuing four years interests that only a Chicago man could fully appreciate and prop- erly protect and promote. These were some of the arguments for Mr. Deneen's nomination. Colonel Lowden was thoroughly identified with Chicago's business interests and in that respect might with equal right claim recognition as the Chicago candidate; but he had chosen Ogle county for his formal entry into the contest for the Governorship, and it was charged by the friends of Deneen, and with some effect, that Lowden had deliberately made himself a country candidate. It was clear from the beginning that it was his purpose to devote a large share of his attention to the State at large, on the ground that the candidacy of any man who seeks the office of Governor must be broad and comprehensive enough to embrace the entire State. This argument had some weight in the country ; but in Chi- cago Mr. Deneen had the decided advantage. He had back of him a majority of the Chicago newspapers. He was supported also by most all the elements in the party that had been arrayed 6 82 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. against Mr. Lorimer and his " organization " or " machine," as the opposition called it. Mr. Deneen had served acceptably in the General Assembly and he had made a good record in the office of State's Attorney. He was, therefore, in a strong position to make the contest for the Governorship as the candidate of Chicago. CONGRESSMAN WILLIAM LORIMER. (CHICAGO.) PROMINENT PARTY LEADER -CONSPICUOUS IN LOWDEN COOK COUNTY CAMPAIGN AND IN STATE CONVENTION CONTEST. Born in Manchester, England, and emigrated to America in boyhood, locating in Chicago. He had but few school advantages, and was obliged to make his own way. His first employment was on one of the Chicago street railway lines as a conductor. He got into politics early, and at once developed a genius for organization. While yet a street car conductor, he conceived a plan for organizing precinct and ward clubs, afterward put into effect. It is said that his first attempt in the line of party organization was made at a meeting of his neighbors in his mother's kitchen, where the " Young Men's Sixth Ward Republican Club " was organized. He became prominent in 1888, when he helped make Joseph W. Fifer Governor of Illinois. In 1894, he was elected to Congress, and has served continuously ever since, with the exception of the fifty-seventh Congress. During all of that time he was the largest individual factor in party control in Cook county. For several years, until May, 1904, he was at the head of the party organization in that county. In 1900, he led the fight for Judge Elbridge Hanecy for the nomination for Governor; and it was he who, at the crucial moment in the State convention at Peoria, leaped upon the platform, waved a Yates banner and started the stampede which ended in the nomination of Richard Yates. In the campaign of 1903-4, he threw his influence to Colonel Lowden. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 83 At the beginning of the campaign there was a suspicion among the politicians outside of Chicago that Governor Yates and Colonel Lowden had some sort of an understanding by which they were to cooperate the Governor fighting for delegates in the country, Colonel Lowden for delegates in Chicago. This sus- picion had its origin largely in the friendly personal relations that had been known to exist between the two men. Colonel Lowden had not been counted with the " machine " in previous contests. At the State convention at Peoria in 1900 he had not been one of the Hanecy or " organization " delegates, but had been one of the two delegates in Cook county who had voted for Yates from the beginning of the balloting. It was uncertain at first just what elements Lowden would have back of him in his HON. FRED A. BUSSE. (CHICAGO.) STATE TREASURER PROMINENT IN DENEEN CAMPAIGN AND IN STATE CONVENTION. Born in Chicago, March 3, 1866, his education being received in the public schools of his native city. He was engaged in ihe hardware business with his father and later in the coal business. Mr. Busse was Town Clerk of North Chicago for a term and was in the Cook county sheriff's office for four years, later being appointed Chief Clerk in the office of the North Town Collector. He was elected to the House of Represen- tatives in 1894 and again in 1896 and in 1898 was elected to the State Senate. In 1902 he was elected to the office of State Treasurer. 84 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. coming campaign. Very soon, however, it became clear that the supposition of a Yates-Lowden alliance was a myth that Colonel Lowden was a candidate entirely on his own account and for the purpose of winning the nomination for himself. The line-up of the Cook county leaders proceeded rather slowly at first. At length, however, Congressman William Lori- mer, Dr. T. N. Jamieson, John M. Smyth, Judge Elbridge Hanecy, E. J. Magerstadt and other well-known leaders of the " organization " came out publicly for Colonel Lowden. The Lowden candidacy also received strong support from a number of leaders who hitherto had not been affiliated with the Lorimer " organization " notably Graeme Stewart, who had been the HON. DANIEL A. CAMPBELL. (CHICAGO.) PROMINENT IN DENEEN CAMPAIGN AND IN STATE CONVENTION. Born in Elgin, Illinois, in 1863, and received his education in the public schools and in the Chicago College of Law. He was admitted to the bar in 1886 and has ever since occupied a prominent place among the men of his profession. He has been active in politics from the first. He was elected to the House of Representatives in 1892, and to the Senate in 1894, being reelected to the higher body twice, in 1898 and in 1902. For several sessions he has been the recognized leader of the State Senate. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 85 party's candidate for mayor at the preceding spring election, and who was then national committeeman for Illinois. Among the influential party leaders who declared for Mr. Deneen were State Treasurer Fred A. Busse, State Senator Daniel A. Campbell, County Treasurer John J. Hanberg, James Reddick, James Pease, Postmaster F. E. Coyne, B. A. Eckhart, C. W. Vail, E. J. Brundage, J. A. Linn and many others who had been affiliated with them. The speechmaking feature of the contest was not much in HON. JOHN J. HANBERG. (CHICAGO.) COUNTY TREASURER OF COOK COUNTY PROMINENT IN DENEEN CAMPAIGN AND AT CONVENTION. Born near Flensburg, Schleswig-Hplstein, Germany, in 1858. He was compelled to abandon school at an early age to assist in the support of the family reduced through the vicissitudes of the many wars of that and an earlier period, and in doing this he was apprenticed to a firm in Flensburg on account of the educational advantages offered. His aptness for mathematics and the languages was aided by continuous study at night schools during the period of his apprenticeship and when that was finished he was fitted for almost any department of mercantile life. In spite of good offers to remain in the old country he came to America in 1877 and settled in Chicago, where, in 1882, he succeeded in enlisting a little capital and embarking in business in a small way. He was elected a member of the School Board in 1887, Town Collector of Hyde Park in 1894, and President of the Cook County Board in 1900. While in this posi- tion he assisted greatly in effecting the needed reforms in the administration of the Cook County Hospital. 86 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. evidence in Cook county until late in January, when Colonel Lowden delivered an address at the Auditorium. Even then, how- ever, in the ensuing two months there were only occasional speeches in Chicago by the two Cook county candidates. It was not until the early part of April, after the aldermanic elections, that Deneen and Lowden turned their attention almost exclusively to Cook county and made speeches daily. From the 7th of April until the night of the 5th of May speechmaking was a prominent feature of the Cook county campaign. The issues discussed were to a large extent local ones ; they had much to do with the question of the control of the local party organization. CLYDE A. MORRISON. (CHICAGO.) SECRETARY OF THE DENEEN CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE OF COOK COUNTY, 1903-4. Born at Peotone, Will county, Illinois, March 12, 1876. He received his early education in the common and high schools of Chicago, and later took a course in the University of Virginia, graduating with the class of 1895. Four years later he was admitted to the practice of law in Chicago and was a member of the firm of Pam, Calhoun & Glennon for several years, later associating himself with the firm of Cal- houn, Lyford and Sheehan. He was secretary of the Charles G. Dawes Club and took an active part in Mr. Dawes' campaign for the United States Senate in 1902. Mr. Morrison married Miss Lyda Pate in 1900, and they have one son. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 87 In his country campaign, Mr. Deneen had visited the counties of McHenry, Boone, Winnebago, Whiteside, Rock Island, Bureau, Ford, Iroquois, Henry, Wayne, Madison and St. Clair. He was well received everywhere ; but political conditions in nearly every county outside of Cook prevented him from making much head- way in the quest for delegates. As the campaign progressed, it became clearer that Mr. Deneen was to depend almost entirely for his standing in the State convention upon what he would be able to do in his own county of Cook. Mr. Deneen's public headquarters were maintained in the Grand Pacific hotel. He assumed personally the general direc- tion of his own campaign, and was ably assisted by Roy O. West, who had been his intimate associate in politics for many years ; by James Pease, James Reddick and others. There was a county campaign committee, of which James Reddick was chair- man and Clyde A. Morrison, a rising young attorney, secretary. The membership of this committee was as follows : Chas. H. Hamill, Clyde A. Morrison, Dr. J. B. McFatrich, M. J. Fore- man, Edward R. Litzinger, J. Perry, John R. Thompson, M. W. Pinckney, John J. Hanberg, Isadore Ostriner, Louis Brandes, John Simans, C. J. Moertel, J. F. Stepina, F. E. Coyne, D. W. Mills, R. C. Busse, D. A. Camp- bell, Wm. C. Eggert, John F. Devine, John Scherman, I. H. Hims, L. D. Sitts, B. A. Eckhart, Fred A. Busse, Oscar Rebel, John A. Linn, George H. Woods, J. W. Hill, James Pease, Robert M. Simon, Herman Breidt, Judge W. M. McEwen, Oscar M. Torrison, Peter Wendling, Thomas J. Healy, Walter Page, C. W. Vail, John A. Mahaffy, W. C. Hunt, C. R. Manning, Herbert A. Emerson, A. Van Steenberg, A. C. Boeber, Peter M. Hoffman, Joe Carolan, William Busse, Geo. W. Paullin. Mr. West was the recognized manager of the Deneen cam- paign. Under his direction about 200,000 pieces of literature were distributed the distribution being confined principally to Chicago. Although Mr. Deneen made many speeches, his cam- paign was largely one of organization. The training which he and Air. West had had in politics equipped them for successfully reaching every class of voters. They and their associates knew every nook and corner of Chicago and understood the particular requirements of each locality. 88 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. MRS. FRANK O. LOWDEN AND CHILDREN. The children are: Pullman, aged eight years; Florence, aged six; Harriet, aged four; Frances Orren, born in December, 1903. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 89 CHAPTER VIIL COLONEL LOWDEN'S COUNTRY CAMPAIGN SOME MID- WINTER EXPERIENCES THE "FELT- BOOT" STORY. In his country campaign, Colonel Lowden's first attention had been given to the counties in the northern part of the State in the twelfth and thirteenth districts, which had taken the initia- tive in launching his " boom." But he had no intention of limit- ing his efforts to northern Illinois, and within a short time he was found in a number of counties in the central and southern parts of the State. Among the counties visited by him were Jo Daviess, Stephenson, Winnebago, Boone, McHenry, Lake, Carroll, Ogle, De Kalb, Whiteside, Lee, Rock Island, Knox, Peoria, Adams, Greene, Madison, St. Clair, Clinton, Marion, Edwards, White, Franklin, Randolph, Johnson and Alexander. Among the most important cities visited were Quincy, Cairo, Belvidere, Mount Carroll, Sycamore, Carrollton, Murphysboro, Galena, Galesburg, Waukegan, Lawrenceville, Dixon, Woodstock, Edwardsville, Oregon, Peoria, Pinckneyville, Chester, Rock Island, Moline, Belleville, East St. Louis, Freeport, Nashville, Morrison, Sterling, Rockford, Amboy, Polo, Lanark and Savannah. .Most of the northern Illinois counties were canvassed in the middle of the winter, and many overland trips were made when the thermometer stood in the vicinity of zero. Many of the coun- ties he canvassed in detail, taking in the smaller villages. Trips from town to town frequently took the form of a sleighing party the Colonel and his friends in the locality visited filling a num- ber of sleighs and driving for miles through the country to the next town. It was on one of these midwinter country trips that Colonel Lowden bought a pair of felt boots that became something of an issue in Carroll county, and to some extent all over the State. The incident was taken up by some of the opposition newspapers 90 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. and it was charged that Colonel Lowden had bought the boots for no other purpose than to impress the rural population with the idea that he was a genuine farmer. At first the Colonel accepted the story as a campaign joke; but at length it became a serious issue and he took it up in his speeches. " I confess to having bought and to having worn a pair of felt boots," he would say. " The truth is that on a country drive on one bitter cold day I became chilled through and through, and upon arriving at the next town I saw in the window of a store a pair of felt boots. It seemed to me that this was the time of year when felt boots were a good thing and I resolved then and there that I would HON. JOHN C. AMES. (STREATOR.) U. S. MARSHAL FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT PROMINENT SUPPORTER OF COLONEL LOWDEN. Born in Freedom township, La Salle county, Illinois, July 7, 1852, and remained on his father's farm until the age of fourteen, going to the State Normal School at Normal, graduating therefrom in three years. After completing his education he moved to Streator, where his father had lived for some time, and has resided there ever since. His first business venture was in the drug line and later he ventured into the hardware and lumber business. In 1891 he organized the City National Bank of Streator and was its president until appointed United States Marshal by President McKinley, being reappointed by President Roosevelt. He held the office of Canal Commissioner under Governor Fifer. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 91 be the owner of a pair of them. I went into the store and for $2.50 I obtained possession of that pair of felt boots. I put them on and wore them. If I had not done so I would have frozen my feet. I submit to you, my fellow citizens, that I did the right thing, and further, that the man who hasn't sense enough to wear felt boots under such circumstances hasn't sense enough to be Governor of Illinois." This speech never failed to capture the audience, and very soon the felt-boot story had drifted out of the campaign. Coupled with the story of the felt boots was one to the effect HAMILTON R. JOHNSTONE. (CHICAGO.) SECRETARY TO COLONEL FRANK O. LOWDEN AND PROMINENT IN HIS CAMPAIGN. Born in Mobile, Alabama, April 4, 1874, and received his education in the public schools of that city and at the Alabama State College. He removed to Illinois at the age of twenty-one and was admitted to the bar in 1896. During the Spanish- American War he assisted in organizing a provisional regiment, known as La Grange's Regiment, and was elected major of the regiment. Mr. Johnstone has taken an active interest in politics since 1899 and was a delegate to the State conventions of 1900 and 1902. He was employed by the law firm of Lowden, Estabrook & Davis in 1898, and in 1900 he became private secretary to Col. Frank O. Lowden, and has since continued in that capacity. During the campaign for the gubernatorial nomination he had charge of the extensive correspondence of Colonel Lowden, conducted from the Lowden headquarters in the Great Northern hotel in Chicago. He is married. 92 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. that Colonel Lowden had donned overalls and a slouch hat and, with a corn-cob pipe between his lips, was masquerading as a typical countryman from the backwoods. Of course the story was started as a joke : perhaps those who first told it never intended that it should be believed ; but, strange as it may appear, the story found credence with many, and it was not until it had been ridiculed by Colonel Lowden in his speeches that it finally ceased to be repeated and to be believed. Another story told on Colonel Lowden was that a man had recently visited his farm and had asked him " how high a six- foot rail fence was," and that the Colonel had replied that he " didn't know, as he didn't have a rail fence on his farm." Stories HON. CHARLES T. CHERRY. (OSWEGO.) PROMINENT IN THE LOWDEN CAMPAIGN. Born in Kendall county, Illinois, in 1858, and received his education at Waldo Academy and at Jennings Seminary. He owns extensive farms in Kendall county and is a prominent breeder of horses and fine cattle. He was married to Miss Emma _B. Clark in 1879 and they have. one son. Mr. Cherry is now serving his fifth consecutive term in the State House of Representatives, having been first elected in 1890. During the campaign for United States Senator in 1902 he was chairman of the Campaign Committee of the Hon. A. J. Hopkins. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 93 of this kind were taken up by Colonel Lowden in his speeches as fast as he heard them, and turned to his own account. One paper, in making light of his farming, came out in glar- ing headlines with the question : "WHO EVER SAW COLONEL LOWDEN MILK A COW?" " I never have supposed," Colonel Lowden would say in his speeches, holding up a copy of the newspaper, " that the ability to milk a cow was one of the qualifications prescribed for a Gov- ernor. I am still of the opinion that there is nothing in the Constitution or laws of this State that makes cow-milking one HON. HARRY B. WARD. (DUQUOIN.) PROMINENT SUPPORTER OF COLONEL LOWDEN INFLUENTIAL IN SOUTHERN ILLINOIS POLITICS. Born in DuQuoin, Illinois, July 30, 1871, and received his education in the public schools of that city, finishing with a course at Illinois College. He was elected a member of the State House of Representatives in 1896 and appointed postmaster at DuQuoin in 1898, being reappointed four years later. He is now serving his fourth term as chairman of the Perry County Central Committee, of which body he has been a member ever since arriving at his majority. Mr. Ward is also secretary of the Illinois State League of Republican Clubs. 94 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. of the duties of the Governor. But I want to say to you here and now that if I am mistaken, and if this contest is to be settled on that issue, I hereby challenge each and all of the other candi- dates to a milking contest, and I agree to abide by the result." This was his answer to the cow-milking question, and it invariably made a great hit with his audience. It was, perhaps, fortunate for Colonel Lowden that issues of this kind were raised ; for they supplied an opportunity to inject into his speeches a vein of humor and of satire which had been lacking in the addresses made in the first weeks of the campaign addresses in which he had confined himself principally to an earnest and logical state- HON. WALTER S. LOUDEN. , (TRENTON.) PROMINENT IN POLITICS ACTIVE IN LOWDEN CAMPAIGN. Born in Clinton county, Illinois, in 1868, and was educated in the public schools of Trenton, later taking a course at Johnson Commercial College, St. Louis. He studied law at McKendree College and completed his legal studies at the St. Louis Law School, being admitted to the bar in 1890. In 1896 Mr. Louden was the presi- dential elector from his district. In 1897 he was appointed by Governor Tanner as President of the Illinois Commission of Claims and served four years in that capacity. He is now chairman of the Clinton County Republican Central Committee and makes his home at Trenton, continuing to practice law in East St. Louis. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 95 ment of his ideas of how a Governor should discharge his duties. The " farmer issue " brought him to a more popular gait, and his speeches invariably made friends and converts for him. Colonel Lowden, in his campaign tour, depended entirely upon the regular railroad accommodations, and frequently he was obliged to get up in the middle of the night to make a train, and then to wait in an ice-cold station for a couple of hours for a belated train. He generally consoled himself with the thought that one or more of the other candidates were probably having a similar experience at that very moment. In common with the other candidates, he was obliged fre- quently to put up with the most indifferent hotel accommodations. It is related that on one occasion, stopping over night at a hotel HON. WILLIAM F. BUNDY. (CENTRALIA.) PROMINENT IN THE LOWDEN CAMPAIGN. Bern in Marion county, Illinois, in 1858, and received his education in the South- ern Illinois Normal School at Carbondale, and studied law during his course there. Admitted to the bar in 1887, since which time he has successfully engaged in the prac- tice of that profession. He has been elected as City Clerk and City Attorney of Cen- tralia and served his first term in the State House of Representatives in 1900, being reflected in 1902. 96 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. in a country town, he was later in arising than was the custom in that village hostelry, and when he arrived at the dining-room door at 8 :03 he was confronted by the landlady, who told him in resolute tones that the breakfast hour was over. The Colonel made a plea for a departure from the rule in .this single instance, but the landlady was unyielding, and it was only after the influ- ence of some bystanders had been exerted that she was persuaded HON. MARTIN B. MADDEN. (CHICAGO.) PROMINENT IN COOK COUNTY POLITICS A LOWDEN LEADER IN THE CONVENTION. Born March 20, 1855; was educated in the public schools and night schools, later taking a two years' night course in business college. He began active business life at the age of ten years as waterboy for a stone company which was later merged into the Western Stone Company, of which the former waterboy is now the President. Mr. Madden has had a long career in active political life. He was elected to the Chicago City Council in 1889 from the Fourth Ward and was reflected in 1891, 1893 and 1895; served seven years on the Finance Committee and was its chairman for six years of that time; presided over the council two years; was chairman of the Re- publican committee for six years; was a member of the Republican County Committee for ten years; served as temporary chairman of the State convention of 1896; was a delegate to the National conventions of 1896 and 1900, being on the committee on resolutions in the latter and framing the Isthmian canal plank as it appeared in the platform of that year. In 1897, he was a candidate for United States Senator. In the State convention of 1904, he was chairman of the Third Ward delegation. Mr. Madden is a director of several banks and mercantile concerns in Chicago, and for four years was president of the Quarry Owners' Association of the United States. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 97 to provide the candidate for Governor with a cup of coffee and some of the remnants of the breakfast which was over. Colonel Lowden was accompanied on his country campaign tour by Mr. Russel H. Scott, one of his secretaries. Mrs. Lowden joined him on one of his southern Illinois tours, and shared the honors paid him. The Lowden campaign in Cook county was in charge of Mr. Kenesaw M. Landis, a Chicago lawyer. The management of the country campaign was entrusted to Senator C. H. Hughes, of Dixon, who spent much of his time at Lowden headquarters on " J " floor at the Great Northern hotel. At these headquarters also were Mr. James R. Cowley, of Freeport, a well-known news- paper man, who had especial charge of the press bureau; Mr. Hamilton R. Johnstone, Colonel Lowden's secretary, who assumed charge of the extensive correspondence incident to the campaign, and Representative Chas. T. Cherry, of Kendall county, who assisted in the general management of the campaign. A vast amount of Lowden literature was distributed, both in Chicago and through the State at large. Not less than 200,000 pieces of printed matter were sent out, and this mass of literature was supplemented from week to week by the stereotyped plates that were sent under the direction of Mr. Cowley to the country papers that were friendly to the Lowden candidacy. In the number of personal letters written, Yates and Lowden were close rivals. Lowden's clerical force occupied an extensive suite of rooms in the Great Northern hotel, and a large part of the work performed consisted in getting out the personal letters that were to be sent out over his signature. MRS. H. J. HAMLIN. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 99 CHAPTER IX. THE SHERMAN AND HAMLIN CAMPAIGNS EACH MAKES STATE TOUR PLACES VISITED. Judge Sherman, like the other candidates, had made an actual beginning of his campaign some time before his formal announce- ment at Peoria on the 7th of October. His work, however, had been very quietly carried on. From Peoria, after his announce- ment, he went directly to Springfield, where he opened headquar- ters in the St. Nicholas hotel and placed in charge Homer J. Tice, of Greenview, Menard county, who had been a member of the Legislature for a number of years, who was a close personal and -political friend of the ex-speaker, and whose extensive acquaintance with political leaders especially fitted him for the place of campaign manager for Judge Sherman. Very few speeches were made by Judge Sherman in the early part of his campaign. Indeed, only seven set speeches were made by him during the entire campaign. These were delivered at Peoria, Marshall, Roseville, Bradford, Paxton, Paris and Albion. There were many occasions, of course, on which he delivered short extemporaneous speeches. Copies of the more formal addresses were printed and, through the mail, circulated widely over the State. These constituted the principal campaign literature sent out to promote the Sherman candidacy. The principal points in Sher- man's speeches were his advocacy of civil service and primary election laws and of limiting the functions of the party machinery strictly to the management of campaigns after the nominations had been made his contention being that the proper purpose of party machinery is to manage campaigns and elect tickets, and not to participate in any way in the selection of nominees. In his campaign, Judge Sherman had no settled itinerary that was known to anybody except to Mr. Tice, his campaign man- ager. It was his custom, in advance of visiting a town, to write 100 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. to one or more friends in the place that he would be there on a designated date. The visit which followed such an announcement was entirely informal. Usually no arrangements were made for speechmaking and, with a few exceptions, no speeches were made. On arriving at a place it was his custom, after leaving his valise at the hotel, to start out in company with one or more of his local friends on a tour of the hardware stores, the corner groceries and other places of business wherever there was an opportunity to meet men. Often he was to be found in the office of a country hotel, or in the rear end of a village store, entertaining a group gathered around an old-fashioned " cannon " stove. Judge Sher- man was a good entertainer, and he never failed to have an appre- STATE SENATOR ORVILLE F. BERRY. (CARTHAGE.) PROMINENT IN SHERMAN CAMPAIGN AND IN STATE CONVENTION. Born in McDonough county, Ilinois, in 1852, and received a common school edu- cation, studying law and being admitted to the bar in 1877. He has been mayor of Carthage several terms. He was elected to the State Senate in 1888, 1892 and 1896 and again in 1900 to fill the vacancy in the new Thirty-second District caused by the death of Senator Harris. He has been active in the organization of the Senate and in the councils of the party. Mr. Berry is prominent in secret society work and has filled the office of Grand Master Workman of the A. O. U. W. of Illinois. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 101 ciative audience or to make friends in this curious, old-fashioned campaign. In this informal way, he visited sixty-two counties. He man- aged to get to Springfield occasionally generally once each week to meet friends by appointment and to supervise in a general way his extensive campaign correspondence. The great bulk of the correspondence, however, was looked after by Cam- paign Manager Tice, and the candidate, so far as possible, was left free to devote his attention to his tour of the State. Judge Sherman did not attempt to maintain headquarters in Chicago. He made occasional visits there, but only to fill appointments with political friends who could be met there most conveniently, or DR. JAMES B. McFATRICH. (CHICAGO.) CLOSE FRIEND AND ADVISER OF L. Y. SHERMAN. Born in Winnebago county, Illinois, and received his entire education, both general and special, in this State. Dr. McFatrich is a man of considerable attainments in literature and has been close to the center of things political for years. His greatest achievements have been among the benevolences of the secret orders. He was one of the prime movers in the building of the Illinois Masonic Orphans' Home. The great Masonic Temple in Chicago was his conception and is largely the result of his energy. He has never sought political preferment. 102 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. to attend to some special business connected with his campaign. Mr. Sherman made a number of speeches in Chicago mostly, however, on non-political subjects, and thus not directly a part of his campaign. In October, he addressed the Union League Club. In November, he was entertained by the Hamilton Club, a dinner and reception being given in his honor. On that occasion he delivered an interesting address. The principal places visited by Judge Sherman during his campaign were the following the county being given, followed by the city or town visited therein : Effingham Effingham ; Jasper Newton ; Richland Olney ; Marion Salem, Centralia ; Clinton Carlyle ; St. Clair Belleville, East St. HON. EVERITT C. HARDIN. (MONMOUTH.) ONE OF JUDGE SHERMAN'S ADVISERS PROMINENT IN POLITICS. Born in Monmouth, Illinois, November 2, 1869, and has ever since made that city his home. After graduating from the public schools he attended Monmouth College for a time and finally took a course at Cornell College, Mount Vernon, Iowa. After finishing his college course he at once entered the Second National Bank of Monmouth and is at present Assistant Cashier. He became identified with the Republican party while still a young man and was a delegate to the National Convention in 1900. Two years later he was elected to the State Legislature and is the candidate of the party for reelection. He is a membef of the Illinois Bankers' Association and one of the Board of Directors. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 103 Louis ; Jefferson Mount Vernon ; Wayne Fairfield ; Edwards West Salem, Grayville, Albion ; Franklin Benton ; Randolph Chester, Sparta ; Gallatin Shawneetown ; Union Jonesboro, Anna ; Alexander Cairo; Massac Metropolis; Whiteside Fulton, Rock Falls, Mor- rison, Sterling ; Lee Dixon ; Winnebago Rockford ; Lake Wauke- gan ; Carroll Mount Carroll ; De Kalb Sycamore ; Kane Aurora ; Du Page Wheaton ; Bureau Buda ; Henry Cambridge, Kewanee ; Rock Island Moline, Rock Island ; Mercer Aledo ; Stark Toulon, Wyoming; Marshall Lacon; Iroquois Watseka; McLean Bloom- ington, Lexington ; Woodford Eureka, El Paso ; Tazewell Pekin, Washington, Delavan, Minier ; Ford Paxton, Gibson City ; Peoria Peoria, Chillicothe; Knox Galesburg; Warren Monmouth, Kirkwood, Roseville ; Henderson Oquawka ; Fulton Canton, Lewistown, Cuba, Smithfield, Norris, Avon, Table Grove, Brereton, Fairview ; Mason Havana, Easton ; Logan Lincoln, Atlanta ; Vermilion Hoopeston ; Macon Decatur ; Scott Winchester, Naples ; Adams Quincy ; Greene Whitehall ; Christian Pana ; Coles Mattoon ; Edgar Paris ; Clark Marshall, Casey, Westfield; Montgomery Litchfield; Jersey Jerseyville ; Madison Alton, Edwardsville, Granite City. I. M. FELLHEIMER. (MACOMB.) PROMINENT IN SHERMAN CAMPAIGN. Born in 1857 and has resided in Macomb since 1871. He engaged in the mercantile business in 1883 and has since followed it with success. He was raised a Democrat and voted that ticket at all times until the McKinley-Bryan campaign of 1896, when he became a Republican. He has never held any political office. 104 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. THE HAMLIN CAMPAIGN. In Judge Hamlin's campaign, speechmaking was a conspicuous and important feature, though he did his share of the informal " mixing " that was a necessary part of the work of every candi- date. Soon after his announcement, he opened headquarters at the Leland hotel in Springfield, and placed Mr. Felix J. Streyck- mans, his secretary, in charge. The headquarters at the hotel, however, served only the purpose of providing a place for receiv- ing such politicians as might chance to come to Springfield. The actual direction of the campaign was from the office of Judge JAMES O. PEASLEY. (MACOMB.) FRIEND AND ADVISER OF L. Y. SHERMAN. Born in Henderson county, Illinois, July 24, 1864. He is a graduate of Gittings Seminary, La Harpe, Illinois, and has had a thorough business education. In 1886 he entered the banking house of Hungate, Ward & Company, of La Harpe, and in the same year was transferred to the Bank of Macomb as Cashier. He continued with this firm until 1901, when he was one of the principal organizers of the McDonough County Bank at Macomb. He has served two terms as City Treasurer of Macomb and is now serving his second term in the City Council. Mr. Peasley is extensively interested in farming and stock raising. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 105 Hamlin in the State House. There his extensive correspondence was carried on, and it was there usually that the Attorney-General was to be found whenever he was in Springfield. He did not open headquarters in Chicago until late in March, when he secured rooms on " J " floor in the Great Northern hotel the floor that had now become the political " Midway " ; for, scattered down the corridors, were the headquarters of the State Central Com- mittee, Governor Yates, Colonel Lowden and Judge Hamlin. Even then, however, the Hamlin campaign was directed from Springfield the Chicago headquarters, as in the case of Gov- ernor Yates, serving only as a meeting place for those friendly to the candidacy of the Attorney-General. At the beginning, Judge Hamlin engaged in the fight for the HON. GEORGE T. TURNER. (VANDALIA.) ONE OF THE LEADERS OF THE HAMLIN CAMPAIGN PROMINENT IN POLITICS. Born and raised on a farm in Fayette county and attended the Vandalia graded and high schools, graduating from the Southern Normal School at Carbpndale in 1887. He taught school one term in the Carrollton High School and one term in the Vandalia High School. Read law in Vandalia and was admitted to the bar at Springfield in 1891. Mr. Turner was elected County Judge of Fayette county in 1894 and again in 1898 and was sent to the State Legislature in 1902. He is now engaged in the practice of his profession in Vandalia. 106 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. delegates in the northern part of the State, where Colonel Lowden had taken the initiative. Later, however, the Hamlin campaign was transferred to central and southern Illinois, and there the biggest part of his fighting took place. His campaign was a most strenuous one. From the beginning to the end he visited thirty-three counties, making speeches in all of them, with the exception of two or three. In several counties he made a close canvass, going from township to township, gener- ally in a vehicle secured in the country, and accompanied by one FELIX J. STREYCKMANS. (SPRINGFIELD.) SECRETARY TO ATTORNEY-GENERAL HAMLTN PROMINENT IN CAMPAIGN AND IN CONNEC- TION WITH THE CONVENTION. Born in Chicago, Illinois, April 23, 1876. After completing the course in the city schools of Chicago he took up the business of shorthand reporting and was employed by several mercantile and law firms. Later he became official reporter for the Circuit Court of Will county, which position he held until January, 1896, when he was appointed clerk and stenographer in the office of Attorney-General Akin. He remained in this office for four years with the exception of the period of the Spanish-American war, in which he served as sergeant-major in the Fifth Illinois Infantry. In January, 1901, he was reappointed by Attorney-General Hamlin and was later promoted to the position of chief clerk and private secretary. During the campaign of 1900 Mr. Streyckmans was campaign secretary to Governor Tanner and also accompanied Theo- dore Roosevelt, then candidate for Vice-President, on his trip through Illinois, as official stenographer. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 107 or more of his local lieutenants. In this way Piatt county was canvassed. In Johnson county, he made a long drive through the country when the roads were almost impassable; the water and mud, owing to heavy rains, reached to the hubs. The humor- ous phase of the contest entered the Hamlin campaign, as it did all of the others. In one country village he found the inhabitants far more interested in a local church matter than they were in the fight over the Governorship. They were in a curious and expectant state of mind over the prospective arrival of the new minister. On being introduced to one of the inhabitants, the HON. JOHN A. BINGHAM. (VANDALIA.) PROMINENT SUPPORTER OF H. J. HAMLIN IN THE GUBERNATORIAL CONTEST. Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, April 23, 1853. At the age of five he was brought to Illinois, his family settling in Mound City. In 1865 the family moved again, this time to a farm near Shobonier, Fayette county. Mr. Bingham had little chance to secure any education after this last removal, he being twelve years of age at the time. He was married in 1874 and, after he had become the father of four children, took a course at the Cincinnati Law School, graduating and being admitted to the practice of law in this State in 1883. He pursued his practice at Vandalia until April i, 1898, when President McKinley appointed him postmaster at Vandalia, to which position he was reappointed by President Roosevelt in 1902. Mr. Bingham was one of the managers of H. J. Hamlin's campaign for Attorney-General in 1900 and was prominent in his campaign for Governor in 1903-4. 108 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. latter grasped the candidate's hand cordially and said : " Ah, our new minister ! I am more than delighted to meet you." Judge Hamlin, like most of the other candidates, made it a point to be in Chicago on Saturday of each week for the pur- pose of conferring with certain of his friends from various parts of the State. He did not attempt, however, to secure any delegates in Chicago. A little pamphlet entitled, "The Record's the Thing," consti- tuted about the only campaign literature distributed from the Hamlin headquarters in Springfield. Many thousands of copies of this pamphlet were sent out all over the State. The pamphlet consisted of a review of the Attorney-General's record and quota- FRANK LINDLEY. (DANVILLE.) PROMINENT IN POLITICS MEMBER HAMLIN STEERING COMMITTEE. Born of orthodox Quaker parentage on a farm in Henry county, Indiana. He left that State, coming to Illinois at the age of fourteen and settling in Shelbyville. He received his education at Hopewell Academy, Indiana, and studied law in the office of Thornton & Hamlin in Shelbyville. He removed to Danville in 1881 and has since resided there, practicing his profession. He has never held political office, but takes an active interest in politics from the standpojnt of a private citizen. He is at present chairman of the Eighteenth District Congressional Committee and also of the Danville City Committee. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 109 tions from his speeches. In addition to the pamphlet, many thousands of campaign buttons and lithographs were distributed. Judge Hamlin's speeches for the most part were impersonal and well tempered. He was an ardent advocate of harmony and to a large extent avoided the discussion of factional themes. Following is a list of the counties and the cities and towns therein visited by Judge Hamlin in his campaign : Adams Quincy ; Cass Virginia, Chandlerville ; Champaign Champaign ; Christian Taylorville, Pana, Palmer, Morrisonville, Owa- neco ; Clay Louisville ; Coles Mattoon ; De Kalb Sandwich ; Doug- las Arcola, Tuscola, Arthur; Fayette Vandalia; Franklin Benton, Thompsonville, Ewing, Parrish ; Iroquois Watseka, Milford, Oilman, HON. JOHN L. HAMILTON. (HOOPESTON.) MEMBER OF THE HAMLIN STEERING COMMITTEE PROMINENT IN POLITICS. Born in Macoupin county, Illinois, May 8, 1862, his family removing to Welling- ton two years later, and thence to Watseka upon the election of his father as County Treasurer of Iroquois county. He was Deputy County Treasurer from 1879 to 1886 and assisted in the formation of the Citizens' Bank of Watseka in 1887. In 1889 he severed his connection with that institution to establish the present banking firm of Hamilton & Cunningham of Hoopeston, of which firm he is the active manager. He was elected to the Hoopeston City Council in 1895 and served as Mayor of that city from 1897 to 1901. Mr. Hamilton was one of the founders of the Illinois State Bankers' Association and has taken an active part in the management of the affairs of the American Bankers' Association. 110 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. Onarga, Clifton and Loda; Jersey Jerseyville; Johnson Vienna, New Bnrnside; Logan Lincoln, Atlanta, Mount Pulaski ; Macon Decatur, Niantic, Macon ; Madison Edwardsville ; McHenry Marengo ; McLean Bloomington ; Menard Petersburg; Montgomery Litchfield, Hills- boro, Nokomis ; Peoria Peoria ; Moultrie Sullivan, Lovington, Beth- any, Bruce, Dalton City; Pike Pittsfield, Barry, Griggsville ; Piatt Cisco, Cerro Gordo, Milmine, Atwood, La Place, Bement, Monticello, Mansfield ; Sangamon Springfield ; Shelby - Shelbyville ; Vermilion Danville, Georgetown, Hoopeston, Roosville ; Will Joliet; Winnebago Rockford, Pecatonica, Seward, Rockton, Durand ; Woodford El Paso ; Jackson Carbondale; Saline Harrisburg; Williamson Johnson City. HON. EDWARD D. SHURTLEFF. (MARENGO.) MEMBER OF THE HAMLIN STEERING COMMITTEE PROMINENT IN POLITICS. Born at Genoa, Illinois, in 1863, and graduated from the Marengo high school at the age of sixteen. He took his collegiate course at Oberlin University and studied law, being admitted to the bar in 1884. He began the practice of his profession at Watertown, South Dakota, but returned to Marengo after five years. He was elected Mayor of Marengo in 1893 and held the office three terms. He was Supervisor for four years and in 1890 was elected to the House of Representatives; he was reflected in 1902, and has been renominated for the office a third time. Mr. Shurtleff married Miss Elizabeth Sisson in 1890 and they have two children. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. Ill CHAPTER X. COLONEL WARNER'S ANNOUNCEMENT STRENUOUS FIGHT FOR CONTROL OF NINETEENTH DISTRICT. It was not until the 2d of December that Congressman Ves- pasian Warner, of Clinton, formally entered the contest for the Governorship. As has been observed, he had been a prospective candidate for many months. For weeks it had been a question whether or not he would get into the fight. He had been dividing his time between Washington and Illinois, and whenever inter- viewed he refused to commit himself. Judge Hamlin, more than any of the other candidates, was interested in knowing whether or not Colonel Warner was to seek the nomination for Governor ; for Hamlin and Warner were residents of the same Congressional district the nineteenth and thvis their interests were directly in conflict. It was plain that if both became candidates there would be a fierce fight in every county embraced in the district, except Shelby and Dewitt, in which they respectively resided. When Hamlin made his announcement he was still in the dark as to whether he would have to make a fight for his own Congres- sional district. Back in September (the 22d) Colonel Warner had been endorsed in Piatt county by a Republican county convention, called for the purpose of nominating a candidate for coroner. The resolution adopted on that occasion was as follows : " Resolved, by the Republicans of Piatt county, in convention assembled, That we endorse Colonel V. Warner for Governor of Illinois, and ask him to be a candidate for the Republican nomi- nation." Colonel Warner made his reply to this resolution the occasion of his formal entry into the contest for Governor. In a letter to Wm. D. Fairbanks, chairman of the Piatt county convention which had adopted the resolution, he wrote on December 2, 1903, as follows : 112 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. Having fully considered the resolution adopted by the Piatt County Republican Convention endorsing me for Governor and requesting me to be a candidate for the Republican nomination, together with many similar requests from individual friends in all parts of the State, I have decided to become and now am a candidate for such nomination, and respectfully submit my candidacy to the considerate judgment of our party. Thanking you, and through you the other delegates to the convention, and the Republicans of Piatt county for your and their confidence, and assuring you that if nominated and elected Governor of this State, I shall endeavor so to discharge the duties of that high office as to merit the respect and approval of all the people, I have the honor to be, Very truly yours, VESPASIAN WARNER. There was a perceptible Warner boom immediately following his announcement. It had been understood for some time that a number of his Congressional colleagues were friendly to him, HON. RICHARD A. LEMON. (CLINTON.) CAMPAIGN MANAGER FOR COLONEL WARNER. Born in Sangamon county, Illinois, October 16, 1848. He was living in Piatt county when the Civil War broke out, and he served the last year of the war in the Thirty-Ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry "the Yates Phalanx/' He was admitted to the bar in 1870 and has practiced his profession in DeWitt county ever since. He served as a member of the State Board of Pardons and was its chairman from 1897 to 1901. He resides in Clinton and continues his law practice, having his son for a partner. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 113 and now dispatches from Washington indicated that he probably would have almost the entire Illinois delegation in Congress with him in his fight. Senator Cullom, who previously had been looked upon as friendly to Hamlin, said complimentary things about Warner. So also did ex-Governor Fifer, of Bloomington, who, it was now definitely known, would not himself be a candidate. But the strongest point in Colonel Warner's candidacy appeared to be the fact that he was the only one of the half-dozen candidates who was a veteran of the Civil War. He had entered the army early in the war and served to its close. It was esti- mated that there were fully seventy-five thousand surviving Union soldiers in Illinois enough to keep alive the old soldier senti- ment, once so powerful in politics, and to form the nucleus of an effective organization. Colonel Warner had been a practicing lawyer and a very successful one in Clinton for many years. He had amassed a large fortune. For eight years he had been continuously in Con- gress, where he had served with distinction. He had less claim, perhaps, than any of the other candidates to a reputation as an orator, yet he was a clear and effective speaker and had partic- ipated in every political campaign since the war. He was, there- fore, no novice in fighting political battles, and it was anticipated that he would make serious inroads upon the forces of most of the other candidates. COLONEL WARNER BEGINS AT GALESBURG. He opened his campaign at Galesburg on the i8th of Decem- ber. The day he spent there was typical of his visits to other places in the State. It was described in the Chicago Tribune of the following morning, in a dispatch from Galesburg, as follows : After spending the day in Galesburg, Congressman Vespasian Warner, candidate for the Republican nomination for Governor, left for Peoria, whence he goes to Clinton to spend Christmas. After Christmas he will call on friends in East St. Louis, Alton and Quincy, and will then await the establishment of his headquarters in Chicago, after which he will begin his more active campaign. Colonel Warner held no set meeting here, but passed the time in going about the city and meeting as many people as possible in the interest of his candidacy. Speaking of his reception, he said : " I saw many business and professional men, and they were all kind and pleasant. I received no chills.'' On his arrival early in the morning. Colonel Warner was met by 114 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. M. O. Williamson and State Senator L. A. Townsend, who spent some time in introducing him. He visited the newspaper offices, Mayor George Shumway, the county officers and others prominent politically. Colonel Warner was a student in Lombard College, in this city, in 1860, and quit to join the army. He called on Dr. J. V. N. Standish, then a teacher at Lombard, who loaned him the money with which to attend the Republican National Convention in Chicago that nominated Lincoln. He never forgot this kind act. Doctor Standish is an enthusiastic friend of Colonel Warner. At a gathering of Grand Army comrades the Congressman was given cordial greetings, and every man present pledged him loyal support. He regarded this as encouraging. Editor Henry Emrich, who editorially has commended his candidacy, received a call from the Congressman. At 4 o'clock Colonel Warner went to Knoxville, where he met a number of his friends. JOHN CHARLES EVERSMAN. (CLINTON.) SECRETARY TO COLONEL WARNER AND PROMINENTLY IDENTIFIED WITH HIS CAMPAIGN. Born at Effingham, 111. ; educated in public and private schools and the National Law University, Washington, D. C. ; was a court reporter at an early age, and afterward private secretary to several prominent railroad officials; private secretary to Congressman Benson Wood during the Fifty-fourth Congress; private secretary to Congressman W'arner from 1896 to 1900; appointed clerk of the House Committee on Revision of the Laws during the Fifty-seventh Congress, and still holds that position. Mr. Eversman has been actively identified with politics since 1896, when he was secretary to the chairman of the Republican State Central Committee. He acted in the same capacity during the Presidential campaign of 1900. lie has a wide acquaintance among the public men of Illinois and of the nation. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 115 " I am satisfied with my reception in Knox county," he said. " I have had some enthusiastic assurances of support. I expected this, as I had already received a number of encouraging letters from here. This is the first place I have visited out in the State. "I am not sure just what form my campaign will take. I have not decided on a speaking trip. I am out for myself alone, and my relations with other candidates are cordial. I shall conduct a clean fight. "As to my prospects, I will say that, judging from letters I have received from all parts of the State and from- the general comments of the press, if the convention were held within the next sixty days, I think I would be nominated." Colonel Warner's campaign was a peculiar one in several respects. He made comparatively few speeches, but moved leisurely over the State, visiting such places as seemed convenient, meeting the Grand Army men and some of the political leaders A fact frequently commented on was that he visited many coun- ties which were conceded in advance to some other candidate and in which he had not the slightest hope of securing a delegate. The explanation came later, when it appeared that Colonel War- ner was depending for his success less upon the number of pledged or instructed delegates he would be able to get than upon the standing which he would be able to establish for himself as an available compromise candidate. It was very much to the point, therefore, that he should make acquaintances and friends wherever he could, no matter how the county visited might be instructed ; for in anticipation of a struggle in the State conven- tion that would prevent the nomination of a leading candidate, he would thus be in a position to invite the support of delegates who might look upon him as an acceptable second choice. Colonel Warner early in January opened headquarters on " K " floor of the Great Northern hotel in Chicago, with Richard A. Lemon, of Clinton, his campaign manager, and John C. Evers- man, his secretary, in charge. Among the cities visited by Colonel Warner in the course of his campaign were the following : Galesburg, Quincy, Cairo, Bloomington, Decatur, Champaign, Aurora, Elgin, Wheaton, Sycamore, Belvidere, Albion, East St. Louis, Peoria, Monticello, Bement, Mattoon, Charleston, Mount Carmel, Carbondale, Murphysboro, Danville, Toulon, Wyoming, Pittsfield, Sparta, Mount Vernon, Paris, Effingham, Leroy, Lex- ington, Normal, Danvers, Gibson City, Paxton and De Kalb. It required only a short time to make it clear that of all the candidates Judge Hamlin was the only one who was likely to be 116 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. affected seriously by the Warner candidacy. Two days after Warner's announcement, a Chicago paper thus commented on a visit made to Washington by the Attorney-General about that time: " Attorney-General Hamlin is said to have become alarmed at the rapidly growing strength of the new candidate. He has gone to Washington to confer with the Republican Congressman and Senator Cullom, who he thinks ought to support him and attempt to stop the Warner boom. Mr. Hamlin is said to have suspected the senior Senator, who is reported to have encouraged the Attorney-General to enter the race, to have taken too friendly an interest in Colonel Warner's candidacy." HON. PLEASANT T. CHAPMAN. (VIENNA.) NOMINEE FOR CONGRESS IN THE TWENTY-FOURTH DISTRICT PROMINENT PARTY LEADER. Born on a farm in Johnson county, Illinois, October 8, 1854. He received the rudiments of education in the country schools and completed his education at McKendree College, graduating in 1876. He read law and was admitted to the bar in 1878. A year previous to this he was elected County Superintendent of Schools and was appointed for a short term in 1881. In 1882 he was elected County Judge, being reflected in 1886. He was elected to the State Senate in 1890 and was reflected in 1894 an d again in 1898. In the Legislature of 1899 he was chairman of the important Committee on Appropriations. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 117 This, of course, was only a newspaper conjecture, but it indi- cated the antagonism that was to come between Hamlin qnd Warner. THE NINETEENTH DISTRICT. Their contest for the control of the nineteenth Congressional district became one of the features of the campaign. The other candidates kept out of the district, leaving the two rivals who lived in it to settle between themselves the question of getting the delegates in the counties composing it. These counties were Dewitt, in which Warner resided ; Shelby, the home of Hamlin ; HON. S. C. PEMBERTON. (OAKLAND.) ONE OF THE LEADERS IN THE STATE SENATE -PROMINENT IN POLITICS. Born near Oakland, Illinois, in 1858, and received the usual common school educa- tion, finishing at Lee's Academy. He taught school for two years and became engaged in the coal and lumber business in 1881 and has continued his interest until the present time. He became interested in politics upon attaining his majority and has served in many minor local offices. He was eight years a member of the County Board, the last four of which he was chairman of the board. He was elected to the State Senate in 1896 and again in 1900. 118 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. Macon, Piatt, Moultrie, Champaign, Douglas and Coles. A bitter contest ensued in every county in the district, except Shelby and Dewitt. For several weeks the little county of Piatt was the scene of one of the fiercest political combats fought anywhere in the State. As has been shown, the county, at a convention in September for the nomination of a candidate for coroner, had endorsed Colonel Warner, and presumably was for him ; but this campaign was one in which nothing was to be taken for granted, and Hamlin invaded Piatt with the determination to defeat his rival in the county in which his candidacy had been launched. Judge Hamlin traveled over the county from township to township. Warner made much the same kind of a tour of the county. As the Attorney-General drove through the country, wearing heavy shoes and having much the appearance of a farmer, he sometimes traveled through a drenching rain, and at other times was compelled to face a cold winter sleet. Altogether he devoted fully ten days to the county. He made speeches at Cisco, Cerro Gordo, Milmine, Atwood, La Place, Bement, Mans- field and Monticello. Colonel Warner all the while was busily engaged in speech- making in the county. An incident that illustrates the nature of the fight grew out of a speech made by Warner one night at Monticello, in which he made some criticism of the Attorney- General. Judge Hamlin was at home in Springfield, but at soon as W 7 arner had concluded his speech Mr. Felix J. Streyckmans, who was on the ground looking after Hamlin's interests and who was present at the meeting and had taken notes of the War- ner speech, called up the Attorney-General by long-distance telephone and advised him of the attack that had been made upon him. It was 10 o'clock at night, but Judge Hamlin got in com- munication with the State Auditor, and in a few minutes was on his way to the State House with a clerk. For several hours he was at work in the Auditor's office, and when he left the office at i o'clock he carried with him a certified statement cover- ing the facts which he desired to use in reply to the criticism. The next night he was in Monticello answering his rival. But, hard as he fought, the Attorney-General was not able to defeat Warner in Piatt. The vote in the county convention stood : Warner 58, Hamlin 49. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 119 The fight in Macon county, which was hotly contested, took the form of a contest for the Congressional nomination. David Shellabarger, of Decatur, came out as a candidate for Warner's seat in Congress. The Hamlin men lined up with Shellabarger and succeeded in defeating Warner. The fight in the nineteenth district resulted in a substantial victory for Hamlin. The only counties secured by Warner were Dewitt and Piatt. Hamlin carried Shelby, Macon, Moultrie and Douglas, and got their delegations solidly. Champaign county, having a candidate for auditor in the person of James S. McCul- lough, diplomatically divided its vote between the six candidates in the field. Coles county, the last in the district to hold its con- vention, gave Hamlin six of its twelve delegates, Warner three and Yates three. The winning of the Macon county fight in March followed closely the capture of Vermilion county by Hamlin and, altogether, added immensely to his prestige. The Hamlin victory in Ver- milion had been entirely unexpected. As the county was the home of Joseph G. Cannon, Speaker of the National House of Representatives, and as it was understood that Mr. Cannon pre- ferred that the delegates go to the State convention uninstructed, the candidates as a rule had kept away from Vermilion. The county convention was held on the loth of March. Judge Hamlin was there and made an address, and the convention, after a close fight, adopted a resolution instructing the twenty-five delegates to the State convention to vote for Hamlin for Governor. 120 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. CHAPTER XL THE JANUARY "LOVE FEAST " CONQUEST OF THE NORTH- WESTTALK OF "DARK HORSE." But before these things had happened and before any of the county conventions had been held, with two exceptions, there had been a notable gathering of party leaders at the State capital on the 27th of January. This was the Republican " love feast," held pursuant to a time-honored custom. Never had there been such a gathering before on a similar occasion. The meeting was held in the new State armory, where a few months later the gubernatorial contest was to have its closing scene. Fully five thousand persons were in attendance. The candidates for Gov- ernor and for other State offices were there and delivered addresses. Although in theory " love feasts " had been held with a view to promoting harmony, this one had no such tendency. The one fact that stood out conspicuously at the close of the " love feast " was that all of the candidates for Governor were in the contest to remain until the battle had been fought out in the State convention ; and all of them next day resumed the fight with increased vigor. Incidental to the " love feast," the Repub- lican State Central Committee held a meeting and fixed May 12 as the date and Springfield as the place for the coming State convention. We have already seen that the nineteenth Congressional dis- trict was one of the important battle-grounds in the campaign. In some respects, however, the biggest battles were fought in the northwestern part of the State ; for these involved not merely two but practically all of the half-dozen candidates. In years past the campaign had usually commenced in southern Illinois, but this time the order was reversed and the first county conven- tions held in the State were those of Ogle and Lee counties, which took place on the 25th of January. The bitter fight beginning in December and extending into February for the conquest of the northwest had its origin in the PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 121 action taken at the Rockford conference in September. The mean- ing of that gathering was that Colonel Lowden had a fine prospect of making good his announced intention of securing the delegates from all of the northwestern counties. The danger that Lowden would be able to do this alarmed the other candidates and all of them hurried to that section of the State. Lowden, therefore, had all of them to fight, except in one county (Winnebago), where his followers made a combination with the Hamlin men. Every- where else the attack was concentrated on Lowden, and every county in that section witnessed such a political contest as it had HON. FRED H. ROWE. (JACKSONVILLE.). CHAIRMAN REPUBLICAN STATE CENTRAL COMMITTEE, I9OO-'o4 PROMINENTLY IDENTIFIED WITH THE YATES CAMPAIGN. Born at Poultney, Vermont, in 1857, and received his higher education at Troy Conference Academy and at Williams College. After his graduation he came West and located at Jacksonville. He was admitted to the bar in 1888, and had his office with Governor Yates. Three years later he was elected city attorney of Jacksonville, win- ning a reelection at the close of his first term. Mr. Rowe was married in 1884 to Miss Marietta Mathers of Jacksonville and they have three children Cole Yates, aged eighteen; Richard, aged fifteen, and Millicent, aged thirteen. He had the man- agement of the Yates ante-convention campaign in 1900, and after the State convention of that year he was made chairman of the State Central Committee. 122 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. never before experienced. The fight for the " Lowden terri- tory " began in December with the announcement that Governor Yates would extend his campaign to Ogle and Lee counties, the two in which Colonel Lowden admittedly was strongest. Indeed, both of these counties had been visited by the Governor early in November and it was the hearing accorded him then that had encouraged his lieutenants in the conviction that he should make a fight for both counties. Late in December about fifty Yates men from Ogle county had a meeting in the Yates headquarters in Chicago and mapped out a plan of campaign. It was the argument that even if the Governor lost in both counties he would suffer little, if anything, in the matter of prestige : for he had HOX. WILLIAM E. TRAUTMANN. (EAST ST. LOUIS.) CANDIDATE FOR THE NOMINATION FOR LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR. Born on a farm near Caseyville, Illinois, in 1872. Graduated from the law de- partment of McKendree College with the class of '93 and from the literary department of the same institution with the class of '95. He was admitted to the practice of law in this State in 1894. Mr. Trautmann was first elected to the House of Representatives in 1898 and was reelected in 1900 and again in 1902. He is a member of several secret and fraternal orders. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 123 only a forlorn hope of carrying either, while if he were success- ful the advantage to him would be incalculable. In advance of the primaries, which were held January 22 and 23, Governor Yates spent several days campaigning in Ogle county. The fight was an intensely bitter one. The primaries were carried by Low- den by a vote of two to one. Although defeated, the Governor's friends agreed that he had really gained something he had demonstrated, they said, that he had a respectable following even in a county in which a rival candidate was presumed to be impreg- nably intrenched. HON. THOMAS RINAKER. (CARLINVILLE.) CANDIDATE FOR THE NOMINATION FOR LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR.. Born in Carlinville, Illinois, in 1857. He is a graduate of Blackburn University, Jacksonville Business College and the law department of the University of Michigan. He is now a law partner of his father, Gen. John I. Rinaker, in Carlinville. Mr. Rinaker has served as an officer or an active member of his county organization almost continuously since attaining his majority, and has been twice elected to a seat in the city council. He was elected to the House of Representatives in 1900 and reflected in 1902. During the session of 1903 he prepared and introduced a compulsory pri- mary election bill which was the subject of much favorable comment. He was one of the recognized leaders in the House. In the ante-convention campaign of 1903-4 he sought the nomination for Lieutenant-Governor. 124 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. The Carroll and Whiteside contests were carried on simul- taneously, the convention in the former being held February 15, and in the latter February 18 the primaries in both occurring during the previous week. In each county there developed a com- bination between the followers of Yates and Deneen. The result was that Yates won a sweeping victory in Carroll county, while Whiteside was divided, Yates getting eight, Lowden five, and Deneen one of the delegates. THE WINNEBAGO CONTEST. The next big fight in the northwest occurred in Winne- bago county the early part of March. Winnebago had been HON. FRANK L. SMITH. (DWIGHT.) CANDIDATE FOR THE NOMINATION FOR LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR. Born in Dwight, Illinois, in 1867, and that village has always remained his home. His education was received in the public schools and he graduated from the Dwight High School in 1885. After his graduation he taught school for a while and later occupied a position as bookkeeper. He left this to open a real estate and insurance office and in this line he has made a brilliant success. He has been an active member of the Republican State Central Committee for the past two years. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 125 regarded as a strong Lowden county, for it adjoined Ogle, and it was in Winnebago that the Rockford conference had practically started the Lowden movement. Four of the candidates Yates, Deneen, Lowden and Hamlin participated in the contest. Two combinations developed one between the Yates and Deneen forces, the other between the Lowden and Hamlin men. Lowden in the primaries received more votes than were given to any of his rivals ; but the Yates-Deneen combination was strong enough to COLONEL HENDRICK V. FISHER. (GENESEO.) CANDIDATE FOR THE NOMINATION FOR LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR. Born at Wilkesbarre, Pa.; was educated at Wyoming Seminary at Kingston, that State. His great-grandfather, Hendrick Fisher, came to America from Hol- land in 1746, and was a delegate to and president of the first Provincial Congress of 1775, and was chairman of the Committee of Safety. He was prominent also in the establishment of the first Dutch Reformed Church in America, and was one of the founders of Rutger's College. H. V. Fisher, subject of this sketch, has been prominent in the Legislature and in politics for several years. In the Thirty-fifth General Assembly, he was chairman of the House Committee on Canals and Rivers, which had jurisdiction of the legislation pertaining to the Chicago drainage and the Hennepin canals; was chairman of the Committee on Railroads in the Thirty-sixth General Assembly; was chairman of the Senate Committee on Insurance in the Thirty-ninth, and in the Fortieth was president pro tern of the Senate by unanimous choice of the caucus. He served on Governor Fifer's military staff with the rank of colonel and aide-de-camp. 126 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. control the county convention, and the delegates were divided between the Governor and the State's Attorney eight for Yates, twelve for Deneen. The net result of the northwestern fight was that Lowclen secured Ogle, Lee and Stephenson counties and a part of White- side ; that Yates carried Carroll and Jo Daviess solidly and got a majority of the Whiteside and nearly half of the Winnebago delegates ; that Deneen secured a majority of the Winnebago and one of the Whiteside delegates. In Rock Island county, where the Yates-Deneen combination was again in evidence, two rival conventions were held. Ultimately Lowden secured the solid deleeation. HON. CHARLES E. SELBY. (SPRINGFIELD.) CANDIDATE FOR THE NOMINATION FOR LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR. Born in Lancaster, Ohio, October 7, 1855, and received a common school education in that place, continuing his studies in the Danville, Indiana, Normal School. He re- moved to Sangamon county in 1875 and taught school, reading law meanwhile and be- ing admitted to the bar in 1888. He was elected to the State Legislature in 1894 and again in 1896, serving in the two regular and two extraordinary sessions. In the Legis- lature of 1897 he was chairman of the Revenue Committee and aided materially in formulating the present revenue code. During one of his terms in the House he was chairman of the Republican steering committee and chairman of the caucus. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 127 While the northwestern fight was going on, there was activity also in the other end of the State, Colonel Lowden partly in retaliation, perhaps, for the invasion of his own territory made a hurried trip to a number of the southern Illinois counties and before his rivals were hardly aware of it he had captured Perry county and several other counties in that section had begun to be regarded as Lowden possibilities. He was soon compelled, however, to go back to Ogle county to look after his interests at home. The southern counties outside of the twenty-second Congres- sional district proved to be almost without exception Yates coun- HON. MOSES O. WILLIAMSON. (GALESBURG.) CANDIDATE FOR THE NOMINATION FOR SECRETARY OF STATE. Born on the Atlantic Ocean, July 14, 1850, of Swedish parentage. His family came directly to Knox county, where Mr. Williamson has since resided. He served a three years' apprenticeship at the harnessmaker's trade and worked at the bench for something like twenty-five years thereafter. He has served as Town Clerk, City Clerk, Alderman, Justice of the Peace, County Treasurer (1896) and County Clerk ('90, '94 and '98). He served one term as State Treasurer, being elected in 1900. He was one of the organizers and is an active member of the Swedish-American Republican League of Illinois and was its president in 1897. He has been a member of the Repub- lican County Central Committee of Knox county for twenty years, serving several years as chairman and secretary of that body. 128 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. ties, and the same was true of the counties in the central-western part of the State. In several of these counties, however, there were fierce contests and the Yates victory was not completed until confirmed by the Credentials Committee of the State convention. HON. WILLIAM H. STEAD. (OTTAWA.) NOMINEE FOR ATTORNEY-GENERAL. Born in Grand Rapids township, La Salle county, Illinois, June 12, 1858. For the first sixteen years of his life he worked on his father's farm, attending the district school in the winter. After a year spent in study at the seminary at Onarga, he took his first school near Milford in Iroquois county, teaching subsequently for several years in various schools in La Salle county, working on the farm in the summer vaca- tion. By this means he earned enough money to enable him to acquire a collegiate education, which he did at the Normal College, Ladoga, Indiana, later taking a course of study at DePauw University. He read law in the office of the Hon. Washington Bushnell and was admitted to the bar in 1883. For the past twenty-one years he has been hard at work at his profession, varying this work by frequent appearances on the lecture platform, where his scholarly and humorous address on " The Trail of the Yankee " has been often delivered to delighted audiences. Mr. Stead has served a term as State's Attorney of La Salle county and was president of the State's Attorneys' Association for one year. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 129 In the southern and central parts of the State the contest was most frequently between Governor Yates and Attorney-General Hamlin. This was true especially in Sangamon, Montgomery and Fayette, in each of which two rival conventions were held ; in Jersey, Christian, Williamson and a number of others. In Morgan county, the home of the Governor, the fight against him was led by Charles S. Rannells, who sought the endorsement of HON. LEN SMALL. (KANKAKEE.) NOMINEE FOR STATE TREASURER. Born in Kankakee county, Illinois, in 1862, and received his education in the pub- lic schools and at the Normal School at Valparaiso, Indiana. He taught school for a number of years and in later years has been a successful nurseryman and farmer. He has served as secretary of the Kankakee County Fair Association and of the State Horticultural Society. He has held offices in the city, county and State organizations of his party and was elected clerk of Kankakee county in 1896. He was elected to the Senate in 1900. 130 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. the county as a candidate for State Treasurer. The Governor carried the primaries by an overwhelming majority. In Adams county the opposition to Yates concentrated on Colonel Lowden ; but the Yates sentiment was all-powerful and the Adams county delegation was bound by iron-clad Yates instructions and all were uncompromising Yates men. In McLean county the fight was between Yates and Warner. There the friends of Mr. Sher- man (on the advice of their leader, it is said) supported the Gov- ernor, who carried the county by a vote of two to one. In Ford county, it was said that Deneen and Warner had combined, defeat- ing Yates. HON. BURNETT M. CHIPERFIELD. (CANTON.) CANDIDATE FOR THE NOMINATION FOR ATTORNEY-GENERAL. Born at Dover, Illinois, in 1870; received his education in the graded and hign schools of this State and at Hamline University; was admitted to the practice of law in Illinois in 1891. He has served as City Attorney of Canton and as State's Attorney of Fulton county and was at one time President of the State's Attorneys' Association of Illinois. In 1900 he was appointed a member of the Board of Trustees of the Western Illinois State Normal School by Governor Tanner. His service in the House of Representatives began in 1903. He was the chief author of the convict labor law enacted at that session. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 131 RUMORS OF YATES-DENEEN ALLIANCE. Thus, it will be observed, all manner of combinations were made as the campaign progressed seldom, if ever, directly between the candidates in person, but between their followers. The alliance between the Yates and Deneen forces in at least four counties in northwestern Illinois had occasioned much com- ment, and for a time some color of probability was given to the COL. ADEN KNOPH. (OLNEY.) CANDIDATE FOR THE NOMINATION FOR STATE TREASURER. Born at Lawrenceville, Illinois, December 18, 1843. He was obliged to leave school at nine years of age, and for the ensuing ten years he clerked in local stores. With the breaking out of the Civil War, he enlisted as a private in Com- pany G, Ninety-eighth Regiment, Illinois Volunteers, and was mustered out as adjutant of the regiment. He was severely wounded at the battle of Selma, Ala., April 2, 1865. His regiment belonged to the celebrated Wilder's Brigade. After his return from the war, he was elected three times as circuit clerk of Richland county, but resigned in 1880 on account of ill-health. In 1882, he was elected president of the First National Bank of Olney, and still holds that position. He has long been active and prominent in politics; he has been chairman of the county and Sena- torial district committees; was an alternate delegate to the National Convention of 1896; was an "original McKinley man," and accompanied the future President on his tour through the State in October, 1894. In 1898, he was among the first to offer his services for the Spanish- American war, and at the request of Governor Tanner he organized '.he Nineteenth District Volunteer Regiment and was unanimously elected its colonel. 132 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. story that the Governor and Mr. Deneen had entered into a com- pact which would extend all over the State. Such had been the turn in the course of events that by April i, six weeks before the State convention, the possibility of a Yates-Deneen combina- tion in the convention something which a few months earlier had been deemed impossible was clearly foreseen. The situa- tion at that time was thus reviewed in the St. Louis Globe- Democrat'- " Ever since the Winnebago county convention the political gossips have been busy framing up a combination between Yates and Deneen. It is admitted that the only basis of fact for all the talk about a Yates-Deneen alliance is what happened in Win- JOHN R. STEWART. (CHAMPAIGN.) EDITOR THE CHAMPAIGN "GAZETTE" PROMINENT IN POLITICS. Born in Butler county, Pennsylvania; removed to Iowa in 1863; was a teacher in the public schools of Scott county, Iowa, for about three years, and afterward principal of the schools of Toledo, Iowa. Later he became Superintendent of Schools of Tama county for two terms. In 1871 he entered the newspaper business with the Milwaukee Sentinel, filling the place of telegraph editor on that paper until 1876, when he took a position on the editorial staff of the Quincy (Illinois) Whig. In January, 1881, he went to the State Journal at Springfield and remained with that paper until January, 1891. In that year Mr. Stewart assumed editorial control of the Champaign Gazette and is still editor of that paper, and is president of the company publishing it. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 133 nebago and two or three other counties where the friends of the two candidates united for the control of the county conventions. Beyond this the speculation rests entirely upon the logic of the situation. It is pointed out, for instance, that of the delegates outside of Cook county, numbering nearly 1,000, Yates will have approximately one-half, while Deneen in Cook promises to have more than half. This being the case, it is argued that it will be the easiest and most effective combination possible under the cir- cumstances ; and in proof of the assertion that it is altogether possible, reference is made to the recent events in the counties mentioned." HON. CLARENCE E. SNIVELY. (CANTON.) EDITOR THE CANTON "REGISTER*' ONE OF COMMISSIONERS OF ILLINOIS AND MICHIGAN CANAL MEMBER YATES STEERING COMMITTEE. Born in Ellisville, Fulton county, Illinois, July 4, 1845, and began to learn the printer's trade in the office of the Rushyille Times at the age of eleven. About 1875 he purchased a half interest in the Carlinville Democrat and in 1878 became the pro- prietor of the Canton Weeky Register, establishing a daily edition in 1890. He was appointed postmaster at Canton by President Arthur and a member of the Canal Board by Governor Fifer. The recent State Convention was the thirteenth consecutive con- vention which he has attended as a delegate and he was a delegate to the National Conventions of 1884, 1888 and 1896. He was secretary of the Illinois RepubHcan Editorial Association for two years and its president for a like period. Mr. Snively has been a member of the State Central Committee since 1900. 134 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. Of course no Yates-Deneen combination of the kind suspected had been made at that time ; and as to the talk of a combination between Yates and Lowden, which had been revived after the " love feast," little was heard of it up to the week of the State convention. ABOUT "DARK HORSES." In the earlier part of the campaign there had been a great deal of talk about " dark horse " candidates. Many held to the theory that the way to win the nomination was to refrain from becoming an active candidate and thus avoid factional entangle- DR. J. A. WHEELER. (AUBURN.) PROMINENT IN POLITICS ELECTED SECRETARY OF THE REPUBLICAN STATE CENTRAL COM- MITTEE IN 1904. VJorn in Auburn, Sangamon county, Illinois, in 1871; received the usual common school education, and took the medical course at Northwestern University, graduating from that institution with the class of '96, and having been actively engaged ever since in the practice of medicine in Auburn. He is also interested in farming and stock raising, particularly in the breeding of poultry and pet stock. He has served as Mayor of Auburn for four years and was elected, to the State Legislature in 1900, being reflected in 1902. He is a member and has also served as chairman of the Sangamon County Central Committee. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 135 nients and be in a condition to receive support from all factions, if there should develop in the convention a situation that would make impossible the nomination of one of the avowed candi- dates. For it was generally admitted that none of the avowed candidates would go to the convention with a clear majority back of him. Thus during the autumn Colonel Warner was thought likely to be a " dark horse " rather than an active candidate. Ex-Gov- ernor Fifer had been freelv discussed in the same connection. It HON. ED. C. CURTIS. (GRANT PARK.) MEMBER OF YATES ADVISORY COMMITTEE PROMINENT IN CAMPAIGN AND IN STATE CONVENTION. Born in Kankakee county, Illinois, in 1865, and received a collegiate education in DePauw and Northwestern Universities. On quitting school he entered mercantile pursuits with his father, and in 1898 was made cashier of the Grant Park National Bank. He was first elected to the House of Representatives in 1894, and has been regularly reflected to every succeeding assembly. He served as Speaker of the House in the Fortieth General Assembly (1897), being the youngest man upon whom this dignity has been conferred. He has occupied a conspicuous place in State politics ever since then. He had an important part in bringing about the nomination of State Senator Len Small for State Treasurer in the State convention of 1904. 136 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. was thought that James A. Rose, Secretary of State, would be a " dark horse " candidate for Governor. It was recalled that rarely in the history of the State had the Governorship gone to one who had not actively sought it. It became evident that the man who expected to have any stand- ing in the convention at any stage of the contest would be obliged to make a fight before the people. Ex-Governor Fifer on November n authorized the announce- ment that he would not be a candidate for Governor under anv CHAUNCEY B. GEIGER. (ASHLEY). MEMBER OF YATES CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE PROMINENT IN STATE POLITICS. Born at Byron, Fond-du-Lac county, Wisconsin, August 6, 1857, and removed to his present residence in Ashley in 1868. He served two terms as Mayor of that city and one term as member of the City Council. He is a member of the firm of C. J. Geiger & Son and of the Geiger Implement Company. He has been a member of the Washington County Republican Central Committee for the past eighteen years and was a prominent member of the Yates Steering Committee at the Republican State Conven- tion at Peoria in 1900. He was appointed a member of the State Board of Arbitration in 1901 and was elected chairman of the board. In the gubernatorial campaign of 1903-4 he was a prominent and active member of the Yates Campaign Committee. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 137 circumstances. Colonel Warner retired from the " dark horse " list by announcing his candidacy December 2. On the day of the " love feast " (January 27) Mr. Rose, at the earnest solicita- tion of a number of southern Illinois party leaders who called on him, announced himself a candidate for Governor ; but three days later, on account of the condition of his health at that time, he was obliged to announce his withdrawal as a gubernatorial candidate. Thus the field had been cleared of some of its uncer- tain elements. ANDREW RUSSEL. (JACKSONVILLE.) CHAIRMAN STATE BOARD OF PARDONS- PROMINENT IN YATES CAMPAIGN. Born at Jacksonville, Illinois, June 17, 1856; received his education in the public schools and at Illinois College. He has spent his whole life in Jacksonville and is a member of the banking firm of Dunlap, Russel & Company. He has been in the banking business for thirty years. He was vice-president of _ the Illinois Bankers' Association for 1902, and president for 1903, and at present is a member of its Executive Council. He was elected city treasurer for four terms. At the present time (1904) he is chairman of the State Board of Pardons, vice-president of the Jacksonville Public Library Board, trustee of Illinois College, and is a member of the following societies: Masons, Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias and Modern Woodmen. He is a member at large of the Morgan County RepuSlican Central Committee. 138 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. THE YATES COUNTRY CAMPAIGN. In the country campaign, Governor Yates had the best of the fight from the beginning. The month of February saw great activity all over the State. By the ist of March forty counties had selected delegates to the State convention. It was generally admitted that of the 379 delegates chosen, Yates had more than half his campaign committee making claim to 242. His early successes were received with general surprise ; and when they BRIG. GEN. THOMAS W. SCOTT. (FAIRFIELD.) ADJUTANT-GENERAL OF THE ILLINOIS NATIONAL GUARD MEMBER YATES ADVISORY COMMITTEE. General Scott enlisted in the Union Army during the Civil War and spent four years in the service. He was four times promoted for meritorious and gallant conduct in battle and at the time of his muster-out in 1865 he was Assistant Adjutant-Genera! on the staff of Gen. Eli Long. General Scott has the distinction of having detailed a organized a post and became its first commander. He moved to ^airfield in 1873. From 1884 to 1892 he was Quartermaster-General of the Department of Illinois and is at this time a member -of the Executive Committee of the G. A. R. He was appointed Adjutant-General of Illinois in 1903. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 139 were followed by others, many of them in counties in which he had been supposed to have no more than a fighting 1 chance, it was perceived that he would be the largest factor in the coming State convention. Of all of the candidates, he had made the most extensive and systematic campaign. He had visited more counties, he had delivered more addresses, and quite likely had personally met more people than any of his rivals. He had addressed per- haps one hundred thousand voters. In securing a hearing, he had some advantages which his opponents did not possess. He was Governor of the State and carried with him the prestige of the HON. JOHN H. DUNCAN. (MARION.) MEMBER OF YATES STEERING COMMITTEE PROMINENT IN POLITICS. Born in Benton, Kentucky, June 27, 1858. He moved to Illinois with his parents near the close of the Civil War and worked on a farm and taught school until his eighteenth year when he entered Shurtleff College. After two years in this institution he accepted the position of principal of the Centerville High School and continued in that position until 1882, when he was elected County Superintendent of Schools of Williamson county, being the only Republican elected in that county that year. He was elected to the State Legislature in 1890 and again in 1892. Subsequently he traveled for a hardware house until his appointment as Commissioner of the Southern Illinois Penitentiary in 1900, which position he still holds. He is president of the board. 140 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. office ; and it was he who had been assailed it was he upon whom all attacks were centered, and there was a widespread desire to hear his side of the story. The element of popular sympathy the desire to see him have a " fair deal " beyond question was a powerful force in his campaign. The speeches he made were listened to and his campaign documents were read. In addition to these things, he had back of him a campaign organization that had seldom, if ever, been surpassed in point of perfection. It extended practically to every county and it was signally effective HON. JOHN J. BROWN. (VANDALIA.) MEMBER OF VAXES ADVISORY COMMITTEE PROMINENT IN GOVERNOR'S CAMPAIGN AND IN STATE CONVENTION. Born in New York city, November 15, 1852, of Irish parentage. His parents dying during his infancy, he was sent to the New York Juvenile Asylum, remaining but twenty-four days, when he and his brother William were sent West with a company of twenty-seven boys, who were to be put into homes in Illinois. He was indentured to William Henninger, a farmer of Hagarstown, who permitted him, at the age of sixteen, to attend the Wesleyan University at Bloomington and assisted in paying for the course. Mr. Brown graduated from that institution and taught school for six years as principal of the Vandalia High School. He read law and was admitted to the bar in 1 88 1. He was elected to the State House of Representatives in 1886 and was ap- pointed as one of the commissioners of the Southern Illinois Penitentiary by Governor Fifer. He is now (1904) secretary of the Illinois Commission at the St. Louis World's Fair. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 141 in transforming into practical results the Yates sentiment which sprang up during the seven months of the Governor's campaign. The Governor had been aided in his campaign by the following committees the numbers being those of the Congressional dis- tricts represented : Yates Steering Committee. n, E. J. Murphy, Joliet; 12, W. L. Sackett, Morris ; 13, W. S. Cowen, Shannon ; 14, W. E. Taylor, Rock Island; 15, C. E. Snively, Canton; 16, J. D. Putnam, Peoria ; 17, J. S. Neville, Bloomington; 18, George T. Buckingham, Danville; 19, William P. Smith, Monticello; 20, A. L. French, Chapin; 21, Dr. J. A. Wheeler, Auburn ; 22, W. J. Lynch, Granite City ; 23, A. H. Jones, Robinson ; 24, Gen. J. B. Smith, Flora ; 25, John H. Duncan, Marion. Yates Advisory Committee. u, Robt. Burke, Geneva; 12, Fred E. Sterling, Rockford ; 13, E. W. Hardt, Galena; 14, C. J. Searle, Rock Island; 15, T. J. Clark, Quincy; 16, W. J. Conzelman, Pekin ; 17, John D. GEN. JAMES B. SMITH. (CLAY CITY.) WARDEN OF THE CHESTER PENITENTIARY MEMBER OF THE YATES STEERING COMMITTEE. Born in Johnson county, Indiana, November 25, 1839, and moved to Clay county, Illinois, in 1857. He enlisted in the Fortieth Illinois Volunteers in November, 1861, and served throughout the war, being wounded in the engagements at Shiloh, Mission Ridge and Atlanta. Since the war he has been a farmer and stock-raiser. He has held the position of County Treasurer one term, Deputy Revenue Collector four years, Assistant Adjutant-General of the State and Adjutant-General. General Smith is at present Warden of the Southern Illinois Penitentiary at Chester. 142 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. Oglesby, Elkhart ; 18, Ed. C. Curtis, Grant Park; 19, J. M. Lee, Decatur; 20, C. J. Doyle, Greenfield; 21, J. E. McClure, Carlinville ; 22, Lieut-Gov. W. A. Northcott, Greenville ; 23, John J. Brown, Vandalia ; 24, Gen. Thomas W. Scott, Fairfield ; 25, H. H. Kohn, Anna. Yates Campaign Committee (officers). E. J. Murphy, Chairman, Joliet ; W. S. Cowen, Vice-Chairman, Shannon ; C. M. Tinney, Secretary, Springfield ; F. C. Dodds, Secretary in charge campaign tour, Springfield. Yates Committee at Large. Col. J. H. Strong, Chicago; Col. W. J. Moxley, Chicago ; James E. Adams, Quincy. PLACES VISITED BY YATES. How thoroughly the Governor had canvassed the State is shown by the following list of the counties, with the cities and towns therein, visited by him in his speechmaking tour : PERRY C. ELLIS. (QUINCY.) EDITOR QUINCY " WHIG " MEMBER YATES CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE. orn near Union, Boone county, Kentucky, August 26, 1867. His parents removed to St. Louis before he was one year of age and he was educated in the public schools of that city and at Plattsburg College. After his graduation he became interested in the publication of a newspaper at Lathrop, Missouri, and has for several years been connected with the dailies of St. Louis and Kansas City. In 1899 he left a position with the St. Louis Star to become editor of the Quincy Daily Whig. In the fall of that year Mr. Ellis was appointed by Governor Tanner as one of the delegates to the National Trust conference at Chicago. He js now chairman of the Republican Central Committee of the Thirty-sixth Senatorial District. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 143 Adams Quincy, Soldiers' Home, Coatsburg, Camp Point, Fall Creek, Marblehead, Clayton, Loraine, Mendon and Payson ; Alexander Cairo ; Bond Greenville (Soldiers' Reunion); Boone Belvidere, Caledonia, Poplar Grove and Capron ; Brown Mount Sterling; Bureau Prince- ton ; Carroll Mount Carroll, Savanna, Chadvvick, Lanark and Milledge- ville ; Champaign Urbana and Champaign ; Christian Taylorville, Pana, Owaneco, Palmer and Morrisonville ; Clark Marshall; Clay Louisville; Clinton Carlyle ; Coles Mattoon and Charleston; Cook Chicago (Auditorium); Crawford Robinson; Douglas Tuscola ; Edgar Paris; Edwards Albion, West Salem, Bone Gap and Browns; Effingham Effingham ; Fayette Vandalia ; Ford Paxton, Gibson City, Roberts, Melvin and Elliott ; Franklin Benton ; Fulton Canton ; Greene Greenfield, Roodhouse and Whitehall; Grundy Morris; Henry Kewanee ; Jackson Murphysboro ; Jersey Jerseyville; Jo Daviess Galena, Warren and Stockton ; Johnson Vienna ; Kane HON. WILLIAM L. SACKETT. (MORRIS.) EDITOR OF THE MORRIS " HERALD " MEMBER YATES STEERING COMMITTEE. Born in Holyoke, Massachusetts, May 21, 1862, and in early boyhood moved to Amboy, Illinois. He was educated in the graded schools of Hartford, Connecticut, and began an apprenticeship at the printing trade at the age of twelve years. In 1885 he became night editor of the Illinois State Journal at Springfield. In 1887 he was appointed Private Secretary to Attorney-General George Hunt and later served in the same capacity under John R. Tanner during the letter's term as State Treasurer. In 1891 Mr. Sackett purchased the Morris Herald, which he continues to publish. He was appointed Chief Clerk and Paymaster of the Illinois and Michigan Canal Board by Governor Tanner in 1897. Governor Yates appointed him a member of the Canal Board. 144 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. Elgin ; Kankakee Kankakee ; Knox Galesburg ; La Salle Mendota ; Lawrence Lawrenceville ; Lee Dixon ; Livingston Pontiac ; Logan Lincoln ; Macon Decatur ; Macoupin Carlinville, Virden, Girard and Nilwood ; Madison Alton and Edwardsville ; Marion Centralia ; Mason Havana; McHenry Woodstock; McLean Bioomington, Chenoa, Gridley, Lexington, Normal, McLean, Danvers, Saybrook, Arrow- smith, Ellsworth, Downs, Le Roy, Cropsey, Anchor, Colfax and Cooksville ; Menard Petersburg ; Montgomery Litchfield, Nokomis and Witt ; Morgan Jacksonville ; Ogle Polo, Rochelle, Oregon, Monroe Center, Byron, Davis Junction, Mount Morris, Stillman Valley, Leaf River, For- rtston and Haldane ; Peoria Peoria ; Piatt Monticello ; Pike Pitts- HON. C. J. DOYLE. (GREENFIELD.) MEMBER OF VAXES ADVISORY COMMITTEE -PROMINENT IN CAMPAIGN AND IN CONNECTION WITH CONVENTION. Mr. Doyle is an attorney at Greenfield, where he has served four years as city attorney. He was chairman of the Greene county delegation at the Republican con- vention in 1902 and again in 1904. In the latter he was a member of the Committee on Resolutions and of the Subcommittee oil Platform. He is now the parole com- missioner of the Southern Illinois Penitentiary. He was assistant sergeant-at-arms at the Republican National Convention of 1904 and is the nominee of his party for Con- gress in the twentieth district. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 145 field, Griggsville, Baylis and Barry ; Randolph Sparta ; Rock Island Rock Island, Port Byron and Milan; Saline Harrisburg; Sangamon Springfield ; Scott Winchester ; Stark Toulon, Wyoming, Bradford, Castleton and La Fayette ; St. Clair East St. Louis and Belleville ; Stephenson Freeport, Rock City, Dakotah, Davis, Florence, Pearl City, German Valley, Lena, Winslow and Dunbar ; Tazewell Pekin and Delavan ; Union Anna ; Wabash Mount Carmel ; White Carmi and Grayville ; Whiteside Sterling ; Williamson Marion ; Winnebago Rockford, East Rockford, Pecatonica, Winnebago, Durand, Rockton, Cherry Valley, Milford and Harlem ; Woodford Eureka. HON. JAMES D. PUTNAM. (ELM WOOD.) MEMBER YATES CAMPAIGN AND STEERING COMMITTEES GOVERNOR'S CAMPAIGN. PROMINENT AND ACTIVE IN taken an active interest in politics and was elected to th 10 146 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. The Chicago Tribune, which had persistently opposed the Governor, thus commented on the progress of the campaign in its issue of February 21 : Illinois politics is taking on the peculiar aspect of a candidate being advanced by his enemies. A few more blows aimed at Governor Yates such as have been directed at him in the last ten days will put him in possession of about all that is worth having in the State outside of Cook county. Blows which have been intended to stretch the Governor on the polit- ical carpet for a count of ten have been sidestepped and have landed on some other candidate. Thereupon the governor has stepped over the other fellow and has taken the greater share of delegates away from the man who struck the blow. If the formation of combinations proceeds along the lines hitherto followed, and if the same results are reached, Yates will be found in pos- session of delegations which might have been counted on against him. In the last week he has secured delegates who naturally would have been against him in counties where the sentiment is against him and where he could not have expected to win against the stronger candidates. He has won out, and the other candidates are beginning to wonder how many more combinations it will require to nominate him. He has succeeded in dividing his enemies' forces and in hitting each of them separately, and a half a dozen counties are covered with the rem- nants of an anti- Yates force. " We'll end in nominating Yates," said a politician last week. This same candidate was in the act of rubbing his own nose where a whack intended for the Governor had landed. And a short time before he had swung off to knock Yates into a neighboring county, and had succeeded in putting another aspirant out of business. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 147 CHAPTER XII. " NO NEUTRALS " PRESIDENT'S ATTITUDE SENATORS CULLOM AND HOPKINS CLOSE OF COOK COUNTY CAMPAIGN. From the beginning of the campaign, nobody was permitted to stand unnoticed and undisturbed on neutral ground. The atti- tude of President Roosevelt was often the subject of controversy and newspaper comment. As we have already seen, the earlier stories to the effect that the President desired Governor Yates not to seek renomination were duly exploded. Later, the gossips lined up the President successively with nearly every one of the several candidates. According to newspaper dispatches from Washing- ton that appeared in the course of the contest, almost every candi- date at some time sent one or more emissaries to Washington to " set the President right." The President, on every occasion that furnished him an excuse for a public statement, made it clear that he was taking no part in the Illinois contest as between the dis- tinguished individuals who were seeking the nomination for Gov- ernor. All through the campaign the attitude of the two United States Senators from Illinois, Shelby M. Cullom and Albert J. Hopkins, had been the subject of more or less speculation. It was known that Senator Cullom was opposed to the renomination of the Governor ; but beyond this there was much conflict in the current gossip. His friends in Sangamon county were support- ing Attorney-General Hamlin ; in others they were friendly to Colonel Lowden or to Colonel Warner. The attitude of the senior Senator was probably stated correctly in a Washington newspaper dispatch, under date of December 8, which appears to have been at least semi-authoritative : Senator Cullom has been somewhat annoyed as well as amused by recent efforts to drag him into the Illinois gubernatorial fight. It appears that some time ago a statement was made to the effect that the Senator was decidedly friendly to the aspirations of Mr. Hamlin, the attorney- 148 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. general of the State, who is an avowed candidate. A number of the friends of Mr. Hamlin and of the Senator addressed letters to Senator Cullom, congratulating him upon his course in tendering support to Hamlin. Just a few days ago the Senator discussed Representative Warner in a friendly way, but with an intention to be entirely noncommittal so far as the general proposition of the gubernatorial canvass was concerned. His remarks were construed into an indorsement of Mr. Warner, and let- ters of commendation from the friends of the Representative in southern Illinois began to mingle with those which began to come in from the friends of Hamlin, inquiring why the Senator had changed front and given up their candidate, Hamlin. In the northern part of the State, friends of the other candidates have been working at cross purposes and have been laying claims to the moral support of the Senator. The facts are these : Senator Cullom has given friendly expressions about each one of the candidates as soon as there was an announcement HON. GRAEME STEWART. (CHICAGO.) PROMINENT IN COOK COUNTY K5LITICS STRONG SUPPORTER OF COLONEL LOWDEN IX CAM- PAIGN OF 1903-4 A LEADING FIGURE IN CONVENTION. Born in Chicago, August 30, 1853, eight years after the coming to America of his parents. He acquired an education in the graded schools of Chicago and later entered the University of Chicago with the class of 'jz. During his college course he worked in a mercantile establishment as office boy, getting thereby a considerable insight into business methods. In 1880, after considerable experience with other firms, he entered the employ of W. M. Hoyt & Company, wholesale grocers, and is now a director of the company. After the great Chicago fire in 1871, Mr. Stewart was active in organizing the first Regiment of Guards and continued with the organization until the passage of the National Guard Act in 1876. He was until June, 1904, a member of the Republi- can National Committee and a member of the Executive Committee of that organization. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 149 from them of their candidacy. So far, the Senator has not given an indorsement to any one of them. Neither has he indicated that he would join forces with any one of them. He does not believe that it is necessary for him to do so. He does not intend to do so at this time. The field is too broad, and he has too many friends among all of them to make a selection at this time. The friendship of Senator Hopkins was claimed by several of the candidates, principally by Governor Yates and Colonel Low- den. The Governor's claim to the support of the junior Senator rested upon the part he had performed in 1902 in promoting the HON. ELBRIDGE HANECY. (CHICAGO.) JUDGE OF THE SUPERIOR COURT OF COOK COUNTY PROMINENT SUPPORTER OF COLONEL LOWDEN. Born on a Wisconsin farm, March 15, 1852. He received the rudiments of edu- cation in the country schools and studied the higher branches through an academic course, removing to Chicago in 1869. He first secured employment in the dry goods house of Field, Leiter & Co., and he continued in this line of trade until 1872, when he entered the law office of Hervey, Anthony & Gait, then one of the most prominent legal partnerships in Chicago. In September, 1874, Mr. Hanecy was admitted to the bar and practiced his profession until 1893. He was elected judge of the Circuit Court of Illinois in that year for the term ending in 1897. He was then reflected for the full term without opposition. In 1900 he was a candidate for the nomination for governor. In January, 1904, he was appointed by Governor Yates judge of the Supe- rior Court of Cook county, which position he still holds. He was married March i, 1876, to Miss Sarah Barton, and they have had seven children, six girls and one boy. 150 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. election of Mr. Hopkins to the Senate. The service was unques- tioned ; but various rumors were afloat to the effect that Senator Hopkins deemed the Governor's renomination " inexpedient." The Senator's letter made public August 26 (already quoted) had not settled the point ; for a careful analysis of it failed to commit the Senator to the Yates candidacy. Such was the uncertainty, owing to his silence, that early in October a committee of the Governor's friends, composed exclusively of men who had participated in the Hopkins campaign of the year before, waited on the Senator and asked him for a statement of his position. Those who composed this committee were : E. J. Murphy, Joliet ; Gen. Thomas W. Scott, Fairfield ; Gen. James B. Smith, Flora ; A. Hanby Jones, CONGRESSMAN HOWARD M. SNAPP. (JOLIET.) PROMINENT IN STATE POLITICS AND IN THE CONVENTION OF 1904. Born at Joliet, Illinois, September 27, 1855. He was educated in the public schools of Joliet and had the advantage of three years at the University of Chicago. He studied law and was admitted to practice in 1879 and has continued in the profes- sion. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1896. From 1884 to 1903 he was Master-in-Chancery for the county of Will and was elected to the Fifty-eighth Congress by a majority of something over 10,000 votes. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 151 Robinson ; ex-Senator Homer F. Aspinwall, Freeport ; Judge J. B. Messick, East St. Louis ; A. L. French, Chapin ; C. M. Tinney, Virginia; George T. Buckingham, Danville; Sheriff Burke, Geneva ; Walter Wood, Cairo ; W. Scott Cowen, Shannon ; W. L. Sacket, Morris; C. E. Snively, Canton; Chauncey B. Geiger, Ashley, and Col. J. H. Strong, Chicago. According to newspaper reports printed at the time and in a measure subsequently confirmed, Senator Hopkins told the com- mittee that he was friendly to the Governor, that he felt that he was entitled to a renomination, and that he had so advised his friends. In proof of his loyalty to the Governor he pointed to the attitude of the postmasters at Elgin and Aurora (appointed on his recommendation), both of whom had come out openly for Yates. When a formal public statement was suggested, he said that he thought such a statement wholly unnecessary; that his position ought to be well enough known without a public declara- tion from him. SENATOR HOPKINS REASSURES YATES COMMITTEE. " I say to you what I have said to everybody who has ques- tioned me on the subject," he is reported to have said "that I am for Governor Yates. I said this to a gentleman who called to talk with me regarding the candidacy of Judge Brown of Du Page county. I told this gentleman, a mutual friend of the Judge and myself, that although Judge Brown lived in my Con^ gressional district and was a very able and estimable gentleman, I should not be able to support him for the reason that I regarded Governor Yates as entitled to a renomination." A few days prior to the call of the Yates committee on Senator Hopkins, a newspaper story had appeared to the effect that Senators Cullom and Hopkins and Congressman Cannon, who was certain then to be Speaker of the National House of Representatives, had entered into a compact to settle the guberna- torial contest. Some member of the committee made an allusion to this story and the Senator promptly branded it as " utter non- sense," and declared it " entirely fictitious and too absurd to be seriously considered." The Yates men departed feeling that their candidate would have the support of the junior Senator; but the absence of an 152 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. authorized public statement made his attitude the subject of news- paper comment and conflicting claims throughout the campaign. As has already been seen, the speechmaking campaign in Cook county opened early in April. The only candidates participating HON. BERNARD A. ECKHARDT. (CHICAGO.) PROMINENT IN DENEEN CAMPAIGN TREASURER REPUBLICAN STATE CENTRAL COMMITTEE. Mr. Eckhart has long been in Illinois politics. In 1886 he was elected to the State Senate and served in the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth General Assemblies, repre- senting the First Senatorial District. In the former he was a member 01 the Senate Commission to investigate the subject of pure water supply 'and perfect drainage for the city of Chicago. At the end of his -term he refused a renomination, and from 1888 to 1891 he served as a director of the Chicago Board of Trade. In 1891 he was nominated as a member of the Board of Trustees of the Sanitary District and was elected, running 10,000 votes ahead of the ticket. On this board he served con- tinuously as chairman of the Finance Committee until the expiration of his term in 1895. It was while serving on this committee and the joint Committee on Finance and Engineering that the bonds of this district, amounting to $12,000,000, were issued and sold. These committees also secured right of way for the canal at a cost about $1,000,000 less than the estimates of the engineers. Mr. Eckhart was very active in devising the plans by which warrants were issued against the tax levy and himself pro- vided a market for the warrants, thus hastening the work materially. In 1895 he was reflected to the board from which he resigned in 1900 after the completion of the great enterprise. During the last five years of his service he was president of the board. After the State convention of 1904, he was elected treasurer of the Republican State Central Committee. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 153 were Mr. Deneen and Colonel Lowden. By the middle of the month, with the State convention four weeks away, all of the counties outside of Cook, with the exception of twelve, had held their conventions, so that now the Cook county delegates were free to devote their attention to their own county. Each candidate, wherever he spoke, was listened to by a large assemblage. The issues discussed were very largely of a local nature ; they related to matters which interested Chicago principally, and to the manage- ment of the local party organization. There was a sharp con- troversy as to so-called " machine " politics. Mr. Deneen frankly JOHN R. THOMPSON. (CHICAGO.) PROMINENT IN THE DENEEN CAMPAIGN IN COOK COUNTY. Born on a farm in Vermilion county, Illinois, November 13, 1865. He remained on the farm until his sixteenth year, receiving what education he could in the public schools, and then entered college, earning his own tuition most of the time by clerking in a country store. For two years after jeaving college he taught school near Hoopes- ton and then engaged in business for himself in Fithian. He moved to Chicago in 1891 and engaged in the restaurant business, at first in a small way, but later expand- ing until at the present time he has eleven restaurants scattered throughout the busi- ness district of Chicago. Mr. Thompson has been active in politics for several years and has been more or less independent in his views. He is County Central Committee- man from his ward. 154 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. admitted that he was a politician and a believer in party organi- zation, saying: " I have been a politician all my life. As the son of an old soldier, I heard war and politics at the fireside. I ran a political newspaper before I was old enough to vote. I have been a ward committeeman for ten years. I served in the Legislature twelve years ago, and I have been State's Attorney seven years. I believe in Republican ward committees and ward clubs. I advocate the formation of primary district clubs and even precinct clubs, so HON. EDWARD J. BRUNDAGE. (CHICAGO.) PROMINENT IN THE DENEEN CAMPAIGN IN COOK COUNTY. Born at Campbell, New York, May 13, 1869, and received his education in the public schools of Detroit, Michigan. At the age of fourteen he entered a railroad office and remained in that employ after its removal to Chicago until 1898, when he had risen to the position of chief clerk. He studied law in the meantime and was admitted to the bar in 1892. graduating from Chicago College of Law in the following year. He was a member of the Illinois Commission to the Pan-American Exposition and was largely responsible for the creditable showing the State made at that fair. Mr. Brun- dage was a member of the Forty-first and Forty-third General Assemblies and is at present (1904) member of the Cook County Republican Central Committee from the Twenty-fourth Ward. - PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 155 that we can all get together. That's the kind of a machine I favor." The charge of " machine " support that was made against Colonel Lowden rested on the fact that he had the support of what was known locally as the Cook county " machine," or organi- zation, dominated by Congressman Lorimer, Dr. T. N. Jamieson and others. He freely admitted that Lorimer and his organization were for him and said that he would welcome the support of all Republicans, whether they be called " machine " or " anti- machine " men. The real question at issue in Cook county was not so much the question of the propriety of party organization, but of the uses and functions of such organization. Colonel Lowden in his Chicago speeches took occasion to answer the accusation that had been made against him freely in the course of the campaign, that money had been used improperly in promoting his candidacy. He said : COLONEL LOWDEN ANSWERS "MONEY" CHARGE. " Why, here's a sample of the politics that is played against me. Last autumn a story came to my ears that it would be charged that I was using money illegally to secure the nomination. Now, mind you, the story reached my ears that I would be charged with using money whether there was any foundation for it or not. And the same people told that story that are telling it now. Now, let me tell you this : I have an ambition to be Governor of Illinois, but I will sacrifice that ambition in a minute if to realize it I must spend one dollar in a manner that the world can not know about it. For you must realize that I must live with myself." Colonel Lowden challenged Mr. Deneen to a joint debate, but the negotiations were never brought to a conclusion, and the two candidates did not at any time speak from the same plat- form. The situation in Cook county was such that there was little talk or hope of a combination between the two candidates there a combination that would have united the county solidly in support of one man and would have made the nomination of a Chicago candidate a practical certainty. Early in the contest Mr. Deneen 156 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. proposed to Colonel Lowden that the contest between them should be settled conclusively in the primaries ; that the one receiving the highest number of votes should be considered the Cook county candidate and that the other should withdraw in his favor ; but this proposition was never accepted by Colonel Lowden. Although Deneen and Lowden had no joint debate from the platform, a Chicago paper threw open its editorial page to them, and for several days in the latter part of April both, in communi- cations printed side by side, discussed the questions at issue in the HON. FREDERICK E. COYNE. (CHICAGO.) POSTMASTER OF CHICAGO PROMINENT IN THE DENEEN CAMPAIGN. Born at East Orange, New Jersey, in 1860. He attended the public schools until his twelfth year, when the necessity of making a living forced him into the world of labor. He moved to Chicago in 1883 and for a time earned his living driving a milk wagon, later starting a lunch counter on a very small scale. The business prospered and grew until he finally controlled a large bakery and two restaurants. He entered politics as a recreation. He wielded a potent influence in the first McKinley campaign and was appointed as Collector of Internal Revenue for the Chicago district. The col- lection of the war tax during the recent war made this position particularly difficult and laborious. In 1901 President McKinley appointed Mr. Coyne postmaster of Chi- cago and he was reappointed by President Roosevelt in the latter part of the same year. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 157 campaign. Mr. Deneen, in the course of one of these communica- tions, after enumerating the powers and duties of the Governor, said: MR. DENEEN'S IDEA OF GOVERNOR'S DUTIES. These extensive powers bring him in direct relation with every branch of the State's service. Upon him rests the entire responsibility for the qualifications and fitness of his appointees and the manner in which they perform their official duties. As principal, he is responsible for their acts as his agents. If he selects unfit men he must take the responsibility of their mismanagement or misfeasance. The power of appointment implies responsibility for its exercise and for the conduct of appointees. There rest upon him, therefore, three plain duties : First, to appoint fit and proper persons ; second, to be familiar with the manner and the measure of their public service ; and, third, to direct and enforce a policy of administration. He can not attend to all details ; he can have a policy that will shape them, and should select those only who will conform to it. In this way he can and should impress every branch of the public service with his ideas of intelligent and responsible management. But his powers and influence are not confined to administrative duties. It is his constitutional duty to recommend to the legislature such measures as he shall deem expedient, and every bill passed by the General Assembly, before it becomes a law, must be presented for his approval or disapproval. While, as executive, he is not to control the legislation, he can and should suggest it. With regard to it, therefore, he should have a well-defined policy upon all public matters, which should,, as near as can be ascertained, express the will and meet the needs of the people. The Constitution, therefore, contemplates that he shall have an intelli- gent conception of required legislation. It is likely to be best when it comes from experience and familiarity with public affairs. It should take the form of well-defined and publicly announced views. It is not enough that he " threatens " to obey the Constitution. He should have a policy respecting- administrative duties and convictions upon questions calling for legislative action, and not only be willing to enforce the one and express the other, but should furnish in his character or his record a guaranty that he will do both. Colonel Lowden thus summarized his conception of the office of Governor, its duties and responsibilities : If elected Governor, I shall return to the old paths in this respect. When these boards are appointed they will be held strictly accountable without executive interference for the management of the State institutions under their control. In other words, so far as lay within my power, I should give to the people of the State a business administration. To do this I realize that it would be necessary and desirable to keep in touch with the different interests of the State. My only ambition is to be Governor of the people and consult them with reference to all questions. I would be Governor of the whole people of Illinois. The standing of Mr. Deneen as the Cook county candidate was based on the theory that the man who received a substantial majority at the primaries in that county ought to be recognized as the county's candidate ; and it was on that theory that he 158 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. made his fight. Colonel Lowden, on the other hand, took the view that the support given a candidate outside of Cook county ought to be taken into consideration. " I believe," said he, " that it is generally recognized that Chicago is entitled to the next Governor. The question now is how are the Republicans of Chicago going to proceed to accomplish this result? It would seem clear that they should support the Chicagoan of demonstrated strength in all parts of the State." None of the other candidates made speeches in Chicago with a view to getting delegates. As has been said, all of them spoke in Chicago on some occasion at some time during the campaign. Colonel Warner was among the last to speak there, making an HON. J. H. BURKE. (CHICAGO.) PROMINENT IN THE DENEEN CAMPAIGN AND IN THE STATE CONVENTION. Born in Hartford, Connecticut, September 10, 1849, and removed to Chicago with his parents in 1850, residing in that city continuously ever since. For the past twenty years he has conducted a large teaming and transfer business. He was sheriff of Cook county for twelve years; was Superintendent of Streets during the administration of Mayor Hempstead Washburne, and is now (1904) a member of the Board of County Commissioners. PART ONE: THE CAMPAIGN. 159 address before the Hamilton Club in Chicago on the night of the 3Oth of April. The Hamilton Club had given a series of dinners at which all of the candidates in succession had made addresses. The primaries in Cook county were held on Friday, the 6th of May. Mr. Deneen was victorious in securing a majority of the State convention delegates. The exact division of the delegates was in dispute up to the convening of the State convention. As disclosed on the first ballot for Governor in the convention, the result of the Cook county fight was as follows : Deneen, 321 19-22 ; Lowden, 1893-22; Yates, 4; Hamlin, i; total, 516. The Cook county delegates having been selected, Governor Yates carried out a plan made some time before, and delivered an address at the Auditorium on the night of Monday, May 9. His audience was a large and enthusiastic one ; but the battle in Cook had been so hard fought and the issues had been so sharply drawn that the speech had no appreciable effect on the delegates, who left that night for Springfield to attend the State convention. 160 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. 3 s . "ii PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. CHAPTER I. ON TO SPRINGFIELD CANDIDATES OPEN HEADQUARTERS -GOVERNORSHIP THE OVERSHADOWING ISSUE. The Cook county primaries held on Friday, the 6th of May, had marked practically the closing of the campaign. The result in Cook had settled one important question. That was, whether or not Colonel Lowden would be a large factor in the coming convention. The day before the primaries, friends of Mr. Deneen, in their forecasts of results, had conceded less than a hundred delegates in Cook to Lowden. Had this prediction been fully verified, Colonel Lowden would have been practically eliminated from the contest; for such a result would have meant that Cook county was almost solid in its support of Mr. Deneen's candi- dacy. But, with nearly two hundred of the 516 delegates from Cook back of him, reinforced by a country following that was claimed to be quite extensive (as subsequently it proved to be), it was apparent that Lowden was to be one of the leading candidates before the convention. All eyes were now turned toward Springfield. The candi- dates closed the headquarters which they had maintained in Chi- cago for several months, and began preparations for taking up the fight for the winning of delegates at the State capital. The convention was not to open until noon on Thursday, the I2th of May ; but Monday, the Qth, three days in advance, witnessed the Leland hotel filling with candidates and delegates, the former to open their headquarters, the latter eager to be early on the ground. The arrivals, however, were confined principally to the country politicians, for the reason that on that day the Cook County Republican Convention was in session in Chicago. Colonel Lowden came in during the afternoon, accompanied by State Senator C. H. Hughes, of Lee county, his campaign man- 11 162 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. ager; J. R. Cowley, of Freeport; United States Marshal John C. Ames and others closely identified with the conduct of his campaign. He had secured for headquarters Rooms 19 and 20 in the Leland, the latter of which had been made historic nine- teen years before by John A. Logan, who had occupied the room for a like purpose in his famous and successful battle for the United States Senatorship. On arriving in Springfield, Colonel From a photograph by F. H. Wagner, staff photographer Chicago Record-Herald. CONGRESSMAN LORIMER ARRIVES FOR CONVENTION A " SNAP-SHOT " IN FRONT OF THE LELAND HOTEL. Lowden at once opened his headquarters and was soon receiving with hearty handshakes the down-State politicians. The only other avowed candidate for Governor to arrive on Monday was Judge Sherman, who came in during the after- noon and opened headquarters on the second floor of the Leland, down the corridor some distance from the Lowden headquarters. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 163 Governor Yates, Attorney-General Hamlin and Mr. Deneen remained in Chicago, and Colonel Warner was at his home in Clinton, none of them arriving until the following morning. John H. Pierce, of Kewanee, reputed to be a " receptive " candi- date, arrived, but was not ready to say that he would engage actively in the contest for the nomination. The arrivals on Mondav included also a number of candi- From a photograph by A. W. Kessberger, Springfield. THE LELAND HOTEL. IN WHICH ALL CANDIDATES HAD HEADQUARTERS AND WHICH WAS THE GENERAL REN- DEZVOUS FOR DELEGATES. dates for the so-called " minor " places on the State ticket that is, for the offices below that of Governor. B. M. Chiper- field, of Canton, candidate for Attorney-General, was the first of these to get out his sign. He was quickly followed by a number of the other candidates, and Tuesday found all of the candidates' headquarters open. 164 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. The most impressive evidence that the contest had actually opened at the State capital was furnished by the decorations which went up at once in the Leland hotel. These surpassed any- thing- of the kind that had ever been witnessed in Springfield on any previous similar occasion. The men composing the vanguard of the Lowden delegation had scarcely arrived in town before they commenced putting out banners and posting portraits and placards From a photograph by F. H. Wagner, staff photographer Chicago Record-Herald. SPEAKER JOSEPH G. CANNON. A " SNAP-SHOT " TAKEN IN FRONT OF THE LELAND HOTEL DURING THE DEADLOCK. in the hotel. This was the beginning of a spirited bill-posting contest between representatives of all the candidates, which ended only when every available foot of space on the walls of the lobby and of the lower corridors of the hotel was plastered over with a lithograph or a placard. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 165 DELEGATES AND "BOOMERS" ARRIVE. Tuesday morning delegates began pouring into Springfield, and all that day and the next there were processions from the railroad stations to the Leland hotel often with a brass band in the lead, and delegates carrying banners and shouting for their candidate. Others made their wav less boisterously to the From a photograph by Alderman Frank L. Race, Chicago. WILLIAM C. LAWSON, CLERK OF THE CRIMINAL COURT, CHICAGO. JOHN M. HARLAN, PROMINENT IN DENEEN CAM- PAIGN. hotel, singly or in little groups. A number of political clubs brought bands with them ; the DeWitt County Warner Club came in from Clinton with the Clinton band ; the Hamlin Club of Shelbyville, with a band and a glee club from that city ; the Jacksonville band with the Yates boomers ; several bands with the Lowden delegates. The headquarters of the candidates for Governor were divided between the first or office floor and the second or parlor floor of 166 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. the Leland. On the first floor were Governor Yates, occupying rooms 2 and 3, located on the east side of the hotel, near the entrance to the dining room, and Mr. Hamiin in rooms 7 and 8, on the south side of the building. Upstairs, on the parlor floor, in room 21, in the southeast corner of the hotel, was located the public headquarters of Mr. Deneen. Adjoining this room were the two rooms occupied by Colonel Lowden 19 and 20. Far- From a photograph by F. H. Wagner, staff photographer Chicago Record-Herald. JUDGT: SHERMAN ARRIVES. A " SNAP-SHOT " TAKEN AS HE SETTLES WITH THE HACK DRIVER. ther down the corridor, to the north, was Colonel Warner in rooms 15 and 16, and next door to him, in the northeast corner, in room 14, was Mr. Sherman. Into these headquarters swarmed the delegates to receive the personal greetings of the candidates. Often they were formed in a line that extended out into the corridor, the candidate stationed in his headquarters shaking hands with the delegates as they crowded and jostled past him. Thus the crowd surged in and out from morning until late at night. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 167 Two of the candidates had additional headquarters outside of the hotel. A large room, shortly before occupied as a bowling alley, on Sixth street, opposite the Leland, was used as a general rendezvous for the Yates supporters. A block away, around the corner, on Monroe street, Judge Hamlin had secured a big upstairs room for a like purpose. These " outside headquar- ters " were fitted up with cots, and there slept many delegates, unable to find better sleeping quarters elsewhere. From a photograph by F. H. Wagner, staff photographer Chicago Record-Herald. GOVERNOR YATES' GENERAL HEADQUARTERS. A GENERAL RENDEZVOUS FOR YATES DELEGATES, OPPOSITE LELAND HOTEL. In every headquarters, on a table in some convenient part of the room, in accordance with a time-honored custom, sat a box of cigars. These were hospitably offered to delegates and but rarely declined. In the three days preceding the convention, thousands of cigars were thus given away and consumed ; many more thousands were smoked before the contest was ended and before candidates had finished courting the favor of the dele- 168 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 169 gate. In the headquarters, and outside in the corridors of the hotel, the air was constantly filled with the blue haze of tobacco smoke. One of the candidates went farther than the others and literally " opened a barrel." This was State Senator Len Small, of Kankakee, candidate for State Treasurer. The barrel he opened was filled with apples, which were eagerly grabbed up by the delegates who flocked into his quarters. None of the candidates, either for Governor or for the other offices, attempted to remain in his headquarters all of the time dur- ing the day. Each moved in and out, passing through the dense crowd in the hotel, shaking hands, engaging in a momentary conversation here and there, then perhaps going off with some of his lieutenants or with some doubtful delegate, or some impor- tant local party leader, to discuss some phase of the situation in the privacy of a room in a remote corner of the hotel. For most of the candidates, especially those for the nomination for Governor, had rooms outside of their public headquarters, in which they were accustomed to hold private conferences. The location of these rooms to some extent was kept a secret. Thus, Mr. Deneen had room 213 on the parlor floor; Colonel Lowden, rooms 52 and 53, on the third floor ; Mr. Hamlin, room 220, on the third floor; Governor Yates, room 150, and much of the time room 59, which had been assigned to A. L. French, J. S. Neville and F. H. Rowe ; Colonel Warner, room 57, on the third floor. Mr. Sher- man had no room in the hotel outside of his headquarters, but he was frequently in conference in a room in a less public place within a block of the hotel. THE "MINOR" CANDIDATES. The candidates for the so-called " minor " offices, while they had no lack of visitors in their headquarters, and experienced no difficulty in emptying their cigar boxes, found the utmost indif- ference exhibited among delegates regarding everything except the Governorship. Senator Small, for State Treasurer, perhaps had made the most headway in securing instructed and pledged delegates. He had had back of him, through his campaign, the influence of Speaker Cannon, and had been supported by many powerful local leaders, and now he was in a strong position. Both Mr. Stead and Mr. Chiperfield had also made some progress 170 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 171 in delegate getting; but very few of the other candidates for any of the " minor " offices made any pretense of having any considerable number of delegates committed to their candidacy. This unusual condition had prevailed throughout the campaign that had just ended, and was due to the fact that the contest for the Governorship had been of such character as to over- shadow all else in the politics of the State. The list of candidates for offices other than that of Governor included the following: MRS. ELMINA T. SPRINGER. (CHICAGO.) ONE OF THE CANDIDATES FOR THE NOMINATION FOR UNIVERSITY TRUSTEE. Lieutenant-Governor. Representative W. E. Trautmann, of East St. Louis ; Representative Thomas Rinaker, of Carlinville ; Col. H. V. Fisher, of Geneseo ; Col. Frank L. Smith, of Dwight ; Col. Robert B. Fort, of Lacon ; Col. W. J. Conzelman, of Pekin, and Charles E. Selby, of Spring- field. Secretary of State. James A. Rose, of Golconda (the then incum- bent) ; Daniel Hogan, of Mound City; M. O. Williamson, of Galesburg; William Cisne, of Wayne county. 172 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. State Treasurer. State Senator Len Small, of Kankakee ; C. W. Andrews, of Chicago (then holding office of Assistant State Treasurer) ; Col. Aden Knoph, of Olney. Attorney-General. W. H. Stead, of Ottawa; B. M. Chiperfield, of Canton. Auditor of Public Accounts. James S. McCullough, of Champaign (the then incumbent). Trustees of University of Illinois. Mrs. Mary E. Busey, of Urbana, Champaign county ; Mrs. Elmina Springer, of Chicago ; Mrs. Corinne Buford Eckley, of Chicago ; Albert Ebert, of Chicago ; A. F. Nightingale, of Chicago ; James L. Frake, of Chicago ; Dr. Chas. Davison, of Chicago ; W. L. Abbott, of Chicago ; F. L. Hatch, of Spring Grove, McHenry county ; Mrs. Emma Pratt Llewellyn, of Chicago. From a photograph by F. H. Wagner, staff photographer Chicago Record-Herald. MRS. BUSEY AND SOME OF HER FRIENDS. The ladies, from the right to the left of the picture, are: Mrs. Mary E. Busey, Urbana; Miss Marietta R. Busey, Urbana; Mrs. H. M. Dunlap, Savoy; Mrs. T. C. Beasley, Champaign; Mrs. Frank L. Bills, Urbana; Miss Jennie Wetmore, Cham- paign; Mrs. A. E. Miller, Champaign; Mrs. Kate Busey, Urbana; Mrs. S. Lovejoy, Jacksonville; Mrs. N. A. Riley, Urbana; Mrs. Jerome Davidson, Champaign. THE UNIVERSITY TRUSTEESHIP. Next to the Governorship, the most spirited contest was over the nomination for Trustee of the University of Illinois, located at Champaign. Three trustees were to be nominated by the conven- tion, and it had been conceded in advance that one of these would be a woman. It was the rivalry over this particular place that PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 173 made the university trusteeeship, in point of interest, second only to the big battle over the first place on the ticket. The contest was principally between Mrs. Mary E. Busey, wife of the Hon. S. T. Busey, of Urbana, and Mrs. Elmina Springer, of Chicago. A convention of women " The Illinois Woman's Republican Convention," it was named had been called to meet in the State House on the nth, for the purpose of selecting one candidate to be recommended to the State conven- tion which was to convene the following day. There had been no attempt to make this woman's convention a delegate body, and it was charged by opponents of Mrs. Springer that the convention was to be packed in her interest. Accordingly, Mrs. Busey advised her followers to remain out of the convention, and they kept away. The result was that the woman's convention by a unanimous vote gave its endorsement to Mrs. Springer. The con- vention was presided over temporarily by Mrs. Alice Abbott, of Chicago, one of the university trustees ; Mrs. Carrie Thomas Alexander, of Belleville, was permanent chairman, and Miss Mabel Bowen, of Chicago, was secretary. Both Mrs. Busey and Mrs. Springer maintained headquarters on the second floor of the Leland hotel, on opposite sides of the corridor. Each had a large number of ladies in her headquarters assisting in her campaign. Several of these ladies were generally found standing in the corridor just outside the door of the head- quarters of her candidate, and not many delegates were able to pass down the " midway " without being invited inside to meet Mrs. Busey or Mrs. Springer. Instead of the candidates' cigars, the ladies in Mrs. Springer's headquarters served ices and other refreshments of a similar character. In Mrs. Busey's headquar- ters, hundreds of carnations were distributed. Here there were elaborate decorations of flags and the colors of the University of Illinois. 174 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. CHAPTER II. \ FORECASTING RESULTS AFTER THE FIRST BALLOT, WHAT? A YATES-LOWDEN COMBINATION. But practically nothing was talked of among the delegates as they mingled together through the hotel except the Governorship and the subsidiary questions relating to it such as the seating of contested delegations, the organization of the convention, etc. So far as the first ballot on the governorship was concerned, those who had carefully followed the contest county by county were able to arrive at a fairly accurate estimate of what each candidate would receive. There was, of course, more or less uncertainty in any estimate, for the reason that only about half of the delegates outside of Cook county had been instructed; while large numbers of the uninstructed delegates were claimed by rival candidates. It was conceded practically by everybody that Governor Yates would have more votes than any of his rivals ; but neither the Governor nor anybody else claimed that he would have enough to insure his nomination. The highest number claimed for Yates as probable on the first ballot was something less than 600 the more conservative of the Gov- ernor's friends claimed from 500 to 525. As expressing the average judgment of the situation, the following forecast of the first ballot made by the author, in the St. Louis Globe-Democrat, of May 9, is quoted : Yates, 516; Deneen, 388; Lowden, 334; Harnlin, 115; Warner, 61 ; Sherman, 50; Pierce, 35. This forecast proved to be not far out of the way. It was 8*/3 votes more than Yates received ; i }/$ more than Deneen's vote ; 20^/3 less than the Lowden vote ; 6 less than the Hamlin vote ; 1 6 more than the Warner vote, : and 37 less than the Sherman vote, while Mr. Pierce's name did not appear on the first ballot at all. The speculation among the delegates and the visiting poli- ticians and the latter were even more numerous than the dele- gates related almost entirely to what would probably happen PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 175 after the first ballot. As the contest from the beginning had been one of " Yates against the field," his opponents or, rather, their lieutenants and partisans were practically unanimous in voicing the opinion that the Governor's delegates would not stand solidly back of him beyond three or four ballots. Then, it was argued, there would be a break-up and as to what would happen then all sorts of things were predicted. Probably the chief reason why the Governor's forces were expected to disintegrate early From a photograph by F. H. Wagner, staff photographer Chicago Record-Herald. GUESSING THE RESULT. DELEGATES DISCUSSING THE SITUATION IN FRONT OF THE LELAND HOTEL. was that, on account of the fight having been directed by each of the candidates against him, thus making him the issue in the choice of delegates, he could expect, less than any of the others, to make gains ; while most of the other candidates were in a position, in case of a break-up, to get some of the Yates 176 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. delegates. That was the anti-Yates view of the situation. The Governor himself took the ground that all of his delegates had been selected " under fire, at the point of the bayonet," and that they would stand by him even more loyally and steadfastly than the supporters of any other candidate. LONG SESSION NOT EXPECTED. Nobody expected the convention to be in session beyond three days. Most of the delegates had planned to get away at the HON. LUMAN T. HOY. (WOODSTOCK.) SECRETARY OF THE STATE CONVENTION OF 1904 U. S. APPRAISER OF MERCHANDISE AT CHICAGO. Born in McHenry county, Illinois, and has been engaged in the retail drug busi- ness in Woodstock for thirty-five years. He has always taken a very active interest in politics and for the past fourteen years has been chairman of the McHenry County Central Committee. In the spring of 1899 he was elected Secretary of the State Board of Pharmacy, remaining in that position until February i, 1904, when he was appointed United States Appraiser of Merchandise at the port of Chicago. He has served his Congressional district as a member of the State Committee for the past six years and has acted part of that time as secretary of the committee. Mr. Hoy was chairman of the committee which conducted the campaign of Hon. A. J. Hopkins for the United States Senate. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. Ill end of the second day (Friday). There were many who believed that, with the disposition -of contests made a matter of agreement, the work of the convention could be wound up in one day. That, indeed, was the hopeful view expressed by Speaker Cannon on taking the gavel as Temporary Chairman. Those who made these predictions, of course, based them upon the record of past State conventions, and therein they were justified; for, in the history of the State, only one Republican convention had extended its sessions beyond two days. That was the State convention of 1880, when John A. Logan had cham- pioned General Grant in the bitter contest that was waged over the question of instructing for Grant, who was a candidate for a third term. At the same convention Shelby M. Cullom, then Governor, was a candidate for renomination, and had escaped defeat by Gen. John I. Rinaker, of Carlinville, by a dangerously narrow margin of votes. The Presidential fight and the Gov- ernorship contest had kept the convention of 1880 in session for three days and had given it a distinct place in convention his- tory. A few of the men prominent in the convention of 1880 were now in Springfield to attend the convention of 1904, which was destined to make the former one appear, by contrast, trivial and commonplace. John A. Logan, who had been the leading figure in the earlier convention, had long since passed away. But Shelby M. Cullom, who, next to Logan, was the largest figure in that convention, and who had been continuously con- spicuous in party affairs ever since having been elevated to the United States Senatorship in 1882 and being now the senior Senator from Illinois was on the ground to witness the proceed- ings of the convention and, perchance, to have something to say about its proceedings. General Rinaker, who had nearly defeated Governor Cullom in 1880, was now a familiar figure in the cor- ridors of the hotel and in the headquarters of his son, Thomas Rinaker, one of the candidates for the nomination for lieutenant- governor. Gen. Greenbury L. Fort, who had been a candi- date for Governor in the convention of 1880, was dead ; but his son. Col. Robert B. Fort, was now in Springfield as a candidate for lieutenant-governor. Col. Clark E. Carr, of Galesburg, who also had been a gubernatorial candidate in 1880, was present. Scattered among the delegates were many who had a personal recollection of the three-day convention held twenty-four years 12 178 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. before. Perhaps not one of their number had the slightest idea that they were now going into a convention which would far surpass the earlier one in the length of its duration and with respect to the unusual character of its proceedings. Senator Cullom was among the earliest arrivals, having From a photograph by F. H. Wagner, staff photographer Chicago Record-Herald. A STREET CONFERENCE. W. SCOTT COWEN AND A. HANBY JONES, TWO YATES LEADERS, TALKING THINGS OVER. reached Springfield on Monday and taken a room at the Leland hotel. There had been some newspaper talk coupling his name with the Vice-Presidential nomination. In 1896 and for some years prior to that time, Senator Cullom had been regarded as a Presi- PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 179 dential possibility. The use of his name now in connection with the Vice-Presidency excited much interest. When he arrived in Springfield he dismissed the story as being absolutely without foundation, intimating at the same time that he would not accept the nomination were it tendered him ; and nothing more was heard of the Cullom Vice-Presidential boom during the conven- tion. From a photograph by F. H. Wagner, staff photographer Chicago Record-Herald. SENATOR CULLOM DISCUSSING THE SITUATION. THE SENATOR IS TALKING WITH A FRIEND AT THE ENTRANCE TO THE LELAND HOTEL. SENATOR CULLOM TALKS. There was much speculation as to the part Senator Cullom would take in the gubernatorial contest. The newspapers had but recently published a story to the effect that Senators Cul- lom and Hopkins and Speaker Cannon had agreed to exert their joint efforts for the nomination of a " harmony " candidate for Governor. When his attention was called to this story, Senator 180 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. Cullom, in a published interview, said that the same story had been printed during the previous summer. He added : " The first I knew of it was when I saw it in the papers. About that time I met Mr. Cannon and we exchanged some comments about it. I remember that I remarked that I guessed we could put off that little job until I got back from the trip I was taking, and he laughingly coincided with me. We have never discussed the matter since. There was, of course, nothing in the story. I suppose it grew out of the desire on the part of somebody that we should do what we were alleged to be plan- ning to do. I remember a gentleman who wanted to run for Governor came to me and said that, if I had any objections, he would keep out of the fight. I told him I had nothing on earth to do with it and would have nothing to do with it. That has been my position all through this contest." Kindly personal feeling between the candidates for Gov- ernor was exhibited immediately after the opening of their head- quarters on the morning of Tuesday, the loth, when nearly all of them exchanged calls, shaking hands and chatting pleasantly for a few minutes. Governor Yates was the first to start out on a calling tour through the hotel. He called at the headquarters of all the other candidates. Soon afterward there was a general exchange of calls among the candidates, not only the candidates for Governor, but for the " minor " offices. The first questions to be settled that in any wise affected the Governorship nomination related to the make-up of the temporary roll of delegates. Contests had developed in eleven counties, involving the right of 112 delegates to seats in the convention. A meeting of the State Central Committee had been called to be held on Tuesday, the loth, for the purpose of making up the temporary roll of the convention, for the selection .of temporary officers, and for the completion of convention arrangements gen- erally. It was the province of the committee to determine which of the contesting delegations should be seated in the temporary organization it being left to the Credentials Committee of the convention, of course, to decide which should be permanently seated. Some of the contests had little justification, while others were of a character that a decision either way could be made upon the merits of the case. Under these circumstances it became chiefly a question of what forces should control the action of PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 181 the State Committee. It was evident that either Yates and Deneen or Yates and Lowden, in combination, could control the commit- tee by a large majority; and it was only a question of which combination should be made. Mr. Deneen had very little at stake in the country, his delegates nearly all being from Cook county. Governor Yates was interested in every county in which there was a contest. Judge Hamlin was interested in most of them, and Colonel Lowden in several. HON. ASA C. MATTHEWS. (PITTSFIELD.) DISCUSSED AS A "DARK HORSE" CANDIDATE FOR GOVERNOR DURING DEADLOCK PROMINENT IN POLITICS. Born in Pike County, Illinois, and graduated from Illinois College, Jacksonville, with the class of '55. He read law under Milton Hay and D. H. Gilmer, being ad- mitted to the practice in 1858, marrying Miss Ann Ross the same year. He practiced his profession in Pittsfield until the outbreak of the Civil War, when he enlisted in Company C, Ninty-ninth Illinois Volunteers, and continued with that regiment until mustered out in 1865, returning to Pittsfield. He was appointed Supervisor of Internal Revenue by President Grant and was elected to the Legislature in 1867, serving several terms and being elected Speaker of the House in 1888. He was appointed Comptroller of the Treasury in 1889 by President Harrison, resigning soon after the beginning of the second Cleveland administration. He has since practiced law in Pittsfield. 182 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. STATE COMMITTEE ACTS ON CONTESTS. The combination that was actually made did not develop until the State Committee got together and there was a showing of hands in the Sangamon county contest. This was decided by a vote of twenty-five to nine in favor of the Yates against the Hamlin delegates. Then it was clear that Governor Yates and Colonel Lowden, through their friends on the committee, had entered into an alliance for the determination of the contests. The roll-call in the committee on this test vote was as follows : For Yates Delegation. E. J. Magerstadt, E. H. Morris (by Judge Hanecy, proxy), A. J. Johnson, T. N. Jamieson, J. J. McKenna, J. E. HON. JAMES McKINNEY. (ALEDO.) PROMINENT IN STATE POLITICS A SUPPORTER OF JUDGE SHERMAN IN CAMPAIGN OF 1903-4. Born in Henderson county, Illinois, and has lived in Aledo since 1873. In 1874 he became connected with the Aledo bank and for a number of years has been president of that institution. He is now serving his third term as a member of the Executive Council of the Illinois State Bankers' Association. He was made a member of the Republican State Central Committee in 1894 and has served on that body ever since. He was chairman of the Executive Committee during the campaign of 1900, giving his entire time to the business of the committee. The following year he was appointed as a member of the State Board of Railroad and Warehouse Commissioners, but resigned in 1902. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 183 Bidwell, W. J. Moxley, all of Chicago; L. T. Hoy, Woodstock; J. R. Cowley, Freeport ; John H. Pierce, Kewanee ; R. B. Fort, Lacon ; Len Small, Kankakee; F. H. Blane, Petersburg; J. J. Brown, Vandalia; Ran- dolph Smith, Flora; Daniel Hogan, Mound City; W. Scott Cowen, Shan- non ; Fred H. Rowe, Jacksonville ; J. S. Neville, Bloomington ; J. H. Duncan, Marion ; C. J. Lindley, Greenyille ; C. E. Snively, Canton ; A. J. Anderson, Rockford ; C. R. Paul, Springfield. Total, 25. For Hamlin Delegation. C. S. Deneen (by Roy O. West, proxy), Phil Knopf, James H. Burke, State Treasurer Fred A. Busse, James Pease, all of Chicago ; C. T. Cherry, Oswego ; James McKinney, Aledo ; C. G. Eckhart, Tuscola ; W. J. Butler, Springfield. Total, 9. This was the only vote by roll-call taken in the committee, all the other contests being decided practically without opposi- tion. Representatives of all the contesting delegations were given a hearing before the committee and then a vote was taken. The hearing of the contests was not concluded until Wednesday. By the action of the State Committee, Yates and Lowden got all of the delegates in the eleven contested counties. These were apportioned as follows : Yates Cumberland, 5; Fayette, 7 ; Fulton, 15; Greene, 5; Johnson, 5 ; Montgomery, 9 ; Randolph, 8 ; Sangamon, 24 ; total, 78. Lowden Clinton, 5 ; Marion, 8; Rock Island, 21 ; total, 34. The candidate who lost most by this adjustment was Judge Hamlin, whose loss of delegates claimed was 63. Judge Sher- man lost 15. The Yates-Lowden combination on the State Committee con- stituted almost the only topic of gossip and speculation Tuesday night. There were many who believed that the combination would continue clear through the convention, ultimately deter- mining the nomination for Governor; but, as a matter of fact, it was limited strictly to the question of the seating of the con- tested delegations. It was not contemplated by either Yates or Lowden that it should extend any farther ; for neither was as yet ready to admit the necessity for a combination to control the nomination, but each was hoping that after the initial ballot he would be able, under the conditions that might prevail at the moment, to make a winning alliance or to make, independently of other candidates, such accessions as might be necessary to insure his victorv. M . P5 v c rl 05 U y c n & S 3u s p g 5 H.3 O u fc n O "O 58 D a z " -3 . "^ U rt ra- o Z ^ : S -S S' 'I o ' I ^ O ^ u y S 1 60 ^ .5 S 2: ^ O ii _C O C MO U ^ o cc 5^1 be v PART TWO: THE CONTENTION. 185 CHAPTER III. "UNCLE JOE" CANNON PICKED FOR CHAIRMAN EVE OF CONVENTION CANDIDATES HOPEFUL. Over the organization of the convention, aside from the disposition of the contested cases, there was no sort of difference among the members of the State Committee. For several days there had been a tacit understanding that Joseph G. Cannon, of Danville, Speaker of the National House of Representatives, would be both temporary and permanent chairman. It is uncer- tain who made the first suggestion of Mr. Cannon for chairman. It is said that when the matter was first mentioned to him he stated that if there was the slightest opposition on the part of any candidate he would not accept the chairmanship. There was, however, no opposition from any source, and when in the com- mittee meeting, W. Scott Cowen moved that Mr. Cannon be selected for temporary chairman of the convention, the motion prevailed by a unanimous vote. " Uncle Joe," as Mr. Cannon was familiarly called, had long been a national figure. For more than thirty years, with the interruption of but a single term, he had served his district in Congress. He had distinguished himself in many ways, particu- larly as chairman of the Committee on Appropriations ; and upon the convening of the fifty-eighth Congress in December, 1903, he had been elevated to the Speakership of the House. Recently there had been much talk of him in connection with the Vice- Presidency; indeed, it seemed at one time as if his nomination for that office were inevitable ; but he had positively declared that he would not accept the Vice-Presidency under any circum- stances, regarding the Speakership of the House as being, next to the Presidency, the highest office under the Government of the United States. Born in North Carolina, a descendant from Quaker ancestry, he had, in his youth, emigrated with his parents to Indiana. In the Wabash valley, he had gotten his first school- ing. Left fatherless at fifteen, he had been forced to make his own way. His education had been obtained mainly from 186 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. the meager stock of books of the pioneer community the Bible, Shakespeare, Plutarch's Lives, and a few others. But Nature had been generous in her endowments, and " Joe " Cannon had risen, through native pluck and genius, a fine and typical product of the early West. He had gotten upon the political stage in time to be a contemporary of Lincoln ; he had belonged to the same school of political orators as had Richard J. Oglesby and a score of others prominent in the Civil War era ; and now people thought of him as one of the survivors of a former genera- tion of statesmen and party leaders.* The exalted place occupied by Mr. Cannon, in an official way and in the public mind, gave the assurance to all candi- dates that, whatever his private opinions or preferences might be, all could depend on his rulings to be fair and in strict accord with parliamentary usage. Mr. Cannon arrived in Springfield on Tuesday, two days in advance of the convention. He said that he was not a candidate for chairman, and professed ignorance as to the purposes of the committee or of the candidates with respect to the chairmanship. His selection for that position was formally made by the committee on the following day, with the tacit understanding on the part of all that the temporary organiza- tion would be made permanent by the action of the convention itself. The State Committee, also by a unanimous vote, selected Luman T. Hoy, of Woodstock, for temporary secretary. Mr. Hoy was at the time secretary of the State Committee. He had been prominent in State politics for a number of years, having some months earlier been appointed to the office of United States Appraiser of Merchandise at Chicago. The committee * Joseph G. Cannon was born in Guilford, N. C, May 7, 1836, and in his youth removed with his family to the West first to Indiana, then to Illinois, locating in Danville. By profession, he is a lawyer, and has served two terms as State's Attorney of Vermilion county, being elected in 1861 and serving until 1868. He is largely interested in local banking institutions and public utilities. In 1872, he was elected to Congress from what was then the Fifteenth District and has been reflected biennially ever since, except in 1890, when he was defeated for the Fifty- second Congress by Samuel T. Busey, his opponent. He was reflected to the Fifty- third Congress, and in the Fifty-fourth was placed at the head of the important Com- mittee on Appropriations, where he acquitted himself with' distinction. Upon the retirement of Speaker Henderson, Mr. Cannon was, in December, 1903, elected Speaker of the House, a position which he has filled with great credit to himself and to his State. Before his election to the Speakership, he had been mentioned, at various times in the past, for United States Senator; but he had never been an active contestant for the honor. His activity in politics began before the Civil War; he was present at the Republican State convention held in Decatur in 1860 when Abraham Lincoln received instructions for the Presidency. He was chairman of the State conventions of 1886, 1902 and 1904. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 187 agreed that each candidate for Governor should be permitted to name an assistant secretary. A "ROUND-UP" AT THE MANSION. Wednesday, the nth of May, was a busy one for the candi- dates. All of the delegates were now gathered at the State capital. It was the business of each candidate to see personally as many of the delegates as possible, more especially those who had been classed as doubtful and those whose recognized leader- ship gave them some degree of influence over others. Governor Yates spent the greater part of the day at the Executive Mansion. From a photograph by Alderman Frank L. Race, of Chicago. A DELEGATE'S SLEEPING QUARTERS. He had arranged to meet there all of his delegates. The " round- up " began at 9 o'clock in the morning and continued, with an hour's intermission for lunch, until 5 o'clock in the afternoon. The Governor personally received the delegates instructed for or 188 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. friendly to him from the fifteen Congressional districts outside of Cook county. Each district was allotted a half-hour, and in that time the situation was discussed informally by the Governor and the delegates. The result of these conferences was that the Gov- ernor was able to confirm his previous estimate of at least 500 votes on the first ballot. In the evening he addressed a meeting of his delegates at his general headquarters opposite the Leland hotel. He urged his delegates to stand firm, and not to become alarmed at any apparent falling off of his strength. He warned them that on the first ballot they might expect him to get a num- ber of votes which on the next ballot would be cast for another candidate, for the purpose of creating the impression that his vote was on the decline. The day's work .for the Governor's lieutenants was not concluded until midnight, when a select com- mittee, consisting of one man from each Congressional district, went to the Executive Mansion and submitted a final report on the situation in the several districts. The other candidates were equally busy. Deneen, Lowden and Hamlin each conferred with practically all of his delegates at some time during the day, and at midnight each candidate felt confident of his standing at the opening of the battle of the ballots. CANDIDATES MAKE STATEMENTS. The following statements by candidates or their campaign managers were made late that night for publication in a Chicago newspaper the following morning: Roy O. West, campaign manager for Charles S. Deneen : " The pros- pects were never brighter for Mr. Deneen's nomination than they are to-night. He is gaining strength hourly, and we believe he will continue to gain with each ballot." E. J. Murphy, campaign manager for Governor Yates : " We honestly believe Governor Yates will be renominated. To-day 528 delegates visited him and pledged him their votes in convention." State Senator C. H. Hughes, campaign manager for Colonel Lowden : " On the second ballot Mr. Lowden will make a gain, and the third or fourth roll-call ought to give him the nomination." Lawrence Y. Sherman, candidate : " I have no reason to feel discour- aged regarding my prospects, but I do not care to make a prediction con- cerning my strength." H. J. Hamlin, candidate : " I am perfectly satisfied with the situation. I am satisfied I will get a good proportion of the uninstructed delegates when I want them." R. A. Lemon, campaign manager for Colonel Warner : " We are strictly out of the combinations. Congressman Warner will get the nomi- nation as the second choice of a majority of the floor members." PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 189 The newspaper correspondents, acute and well trained observ- ers, differed widely in the forecasts which they sent to their respective papers that night. These are indicated by some of the headlines which appeared the following morning. The head- lines published in the Illinois State Journal were as follows: Yates Appears Certain to Win Developments of Day Preceding State Convention Indicate His Renomination Cullom Works for Low- den Instructs Federal Employes to Exert Their Influence in Chicagoan's Behalf Turns Down Home Friends Senator Is Deaf to the Appeal of Loyal Neighbors Who Beseech Him to Stand By Them in Convention. The Chicago Inter Ocean had the following headlines : Governor Yates in the Lead All His Delegates Pledged to Stand By Him to the End Round-up Is Held at Executive Mansion Prelimi- nary to the Convention To-day and Professions of Confidence in Govern- or's Renomination Are the Result Caucuses and Combination Talk- Mark Every Hour First Test of Strength in Open Convention Will Be on the Contests, with Sangamon County as the Basis Congressman Warner's Friends Greatly Encouraged by Reports of Strong Support to Be Given Him if a Break-up Comes. The Chicago Tribune's headlines were as follows : Three in Race for Governor Combines Fail Only Cooperation in Evidence Is the Determination of all Others to Down Lowden Deneen Ranks Are Firm. The Record-Herald's headlines were as follows : Convention Eve Finds Deneen in Strong Position Lowden and Yates Make Frantic Efforts to Trade, but the State's Attorney " Stands Pat " Two Slates Are Put Up One Creates New Congressional Machine, While the Other Has Present Governor at Its Head. Thus the contest stood on the night of the nth of May. There was a general expectation that the balloting would begin and perhaps end some time the following day. There was not much disagreement as to the probable outcome of the first bal- lot, but there was, as to subsequent proceedings, so large an element of uncertainty so many recognized possibilities that the opening of the convention on the following day was 'awaited with breathless interest by the thousands who had assembled in Springfield, either to witness or to participate in the nomination of a candidate for Governor. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 191 CHAPTER IV. FIRST DAY OF CONVENTION, THURSDAY, MAY 12 OPENING SCENES CHAIRMAN CANNON'S ADDRESS. At last Thursday, the I2th of May, was at hand. Delegates were up early, eager for the big events that the hours rapidly approaching were to bring forth. Many of them had not taken the trouble to go to bed during the night, so intense had been their interest. By 9 o'clock they were strolling leisurely toward the Capitol, where, at 10 o'clock, the delegates were to meet in the Congressional District caucuses that were to select the mem- bers of the various convention committees, delegates to the national convention, etc. These meetings, according to practice, were to be held in separate rooms, scattered through the Capitol building. Many of the caucuses were held without incidents of note, there being no disagreement on any point, and the action of the caucuses being a mere formality the selections for several places to be filled having been virtually made by the district leaders on the previous day. In some of the districts, however, there were lively contests, especially in the 4th, 6th, I7th and 2 ist districts. In the latter, two caucuses were held simultane- ously in the same room the reception room of the Governor's office. Pandemonium reigned, and but few present except the chairmen of the respective caucuses had any idea of what was happening. An interesting feature of the district caucuses was their action regarding the Vice-Presidency. Speaker Cannon had in advance served notice that he must not be considered in that connection. In order to discourage any movement for his own endorsement for the Vice-Presidency, Speaker Cannon on the previous eve- ning had called a conference of a number of Congressmen to consider the Vice-Presidential question. Besides the Speaker, the number present included Congressmen Lorimer, Prince, Graff, Rodenberg, Warner and Smith. At this conference it was agreed to work for the endorsement of Senator Fairbanks of 192 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. Indiana, and the following resolution, to be presented to the convention, was drawn up : Resolved, That it is the sense of this convention that in the person of the Hon. Charles W. Fairbanks, the able, accomplished and experienced statesman and United States Senator from Indiana, the Republican party has a most valuable and acceptable candidate for Vice-President of the United States. Resolved, That we recommend that the delegates from Illinois to the Republican National Convention support him for the nomination for this great and important office. Pursuant to this action a number of district caucuses endorsed Senator Fairbanks. A number of others, however (including the 1 2th, 1 8th and 22d), adopted resolutions endorsing Congress- man Hitt, of Illinois, for the Vice-Presidential nomination. Mr. Hitt had been casually mentioned in that connection, but he had not been a candidate, and it was generally supposed that he did not desire the nomination. It was on this assumption that Speaker Cannon and his Congressional associates had decided to support Fairbanks. During the morning, word was received from Wash- ington that Congressman Hitt would not be averse to accepting the Vice-Presidency that, in fact, he would feel complimented by an endorsement at the hands of his party in his own State. This changed the situation altogether and the proposition to endorse Senator Fairbanks was abandoned ; and later, in the Committee on Resolutions, a paragraph instructing for Mr. Hitt was inserted in the platform as subsequently adopted by the convention. It had been arranged that the new State armory, which had been completed the year before, should be the convention hall. It had been especially prepared for the occasion. A double plat- form had been erected in the north end of the immense audi- torium the higher and larger portion for " distinguished guests," the smaller and lower division, immediately in front of the larger section, for representatives of the press, with an ele- vated dais in the center for the chairman, and with provision, in front of the dais, for the secretary and his assistants. The hall was without decorations except that furnished by two Amer- ican flags back of the chairman, and by a few strips of bunting swung from the girders that stretched under the roof across the building. Chairs had been provided on the floor, on the plat- forms and in the galleries, for more than 7,800 persons. This PART TWO: THE CONTENTION. 193 number, however, was considerably less than the number of per- sons who actually witnessed the opening of the convention and its subsequent proceedings ; for there were times when perhaps more than 2,000 people w r ere standing in the aisles, both on the floor and in the galleries. It is a conservative estimate to say that the convention crowd, including both delegates and specta- tors, averaged not far from 10,000. From a photograph by Alderman Frank L. Race, of Chicago. CONVENTION SPECTATORS GATHERING AT NORTH ENTRANCE, WAITING FOR DOORS TO OPEN. THE CROWD AT THE DOORS. Twelve o'clock was the hour set for the opening of the con- vention ; but two hours earlier men and women had been surging at the entrances for admission. The principal entrance was at the south end of the building where the delegates were admitted. Another entrance was on the east side of the building and this was used chiefly for persons holding tickets for the galleries. The north entrance, in the rear of the hall, was limited in its 13 194 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. use practically to those having platform tickets. All admissions to the hall were by tickets, which had been distributed through various channels, principally through the candidates, the members of the State Committee and the delegates. The day was a moderately cool one and spectators found fairly comfortable places in the galleries excepting, of course, those who were obliged to stand. The platform for distinguished guests was filled mainly by ladies, of whom there were perhaps three hundred. The crowd was good-natured, interested and enthusiastic. The Yates Club, the Hamlin Club and the Warner Club, each with a brass band at its head, marched in separately, each calling forth cheers for the candidate which it represented. The bands found places in the galleries, and, reinforced by several other bands, kept up a continuous and confusing concert until the fall of the gavel marked the beginning of the convention pro- ceedings. The candidates for Governor came in one by one shortly before the opening hour. Governor Yates was the first of them to arrive. He walked down the aisle, accompanied by several of his lieutenants, and was given a fine ovation. He took his seat with the Morgan county delegation, which occupied a front row, just to the chairman's left. Nothing in that convention was too trifling to be without significance, and there were facetious com- ments about the Governor's necktie ; for it was a flaming, bellig- erent red that had supplanted the ordinary one of a more peaceful hue. Following the Governor a few minutes, Attorney-General Hamlin walked in at the head of the Shelby county delegation, and prolonged and deafening cheers went up from his followers. Colonel Lowden and Colonel Warner entered by the rear door and neither was observed until he was seated on the platform. Mr. Deneen and Judge Sherman remained so inconspicuous that they were not discovered by the delegates, and their followers thus had no opportunity to make a demonstration. Senators Cullom and Hopkins and Speaker Cannon came in together and arm in arm walked upon the stage. Tremendous cheering greeted them and they bowed and smiled in acknowl- edgment of the ovation. Among those who took seats on the chairman's platform were Judge Elbridge Hanecy, Congress- men Snapp, Prince and Foss, United States District Attorney Sol Bethea, and several others prominent in party affairs. But the little PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 195 dais erected for the chairman was not big enough to hold many of the distinguished party chieftains who were in attendance at the convention, and the larger number of them were to be found on the floor with their respective delegates. Congressman Will- iam Lorimer sat with the Thirty- fourth Ward delegates ; Con- gressman Charles E. Fuller with the Boone county delegates ; Congressman Smith, of Murphysboro, with the Jackson county JAMES REDDICK. (CHICAGO.) CHAIRMAN OF CHARLES S. DENEEN's MANAGING COMMITTEE IN PRE-CONVENTION CAM- PAIGN NOW CHAIRMAN OF COOK COUNTY REPUBLICAN CENTRAL COMMITTEE, AND ALSO OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. Born in Chicago, and is now forty-one years of age; graduate of the public schools. Mr. Reddick for twenty-five years has been a resident of the northwest part of Chicago. He represented the old Fifteenth Ward in the City Council during the World's Fair period. While a member of that body he took the leading part in the passage of measures providing for the establishment of the John Worthy Manual Training School for Boys. He also introduced and promoted the passage of ordi- nances protecting child labor and regulating sweat shops. He was for years secretary of the Drainage Board which constructed the great Chicago drainage canal and deep waterway. He also served a term as Clerk of the Probate Court. He has been a member of the Ccok County Republican Central Committee for twelve years, being at one time its secretary, and is now (1904) chairman of both that committee and of the Cook County Republican Executive Committee. Mr. Reddick served as Chairman of the Charles S. Deneen managing committee in the gubernatorial cam- paign of 1903-4. 196 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. delegates ; Graeme Stewart, John M. Smyth, Senator Daniel A. Campbell, State Treasurer Fred A. Busse, Roy O. West and other Cook county leaders with their respective ward delegations. Indeed, the men who sat there in the convention as delegates were as representative of the party in their respective localities as any body of men that had before assembled in a State conven- tion. So great had been the interest in the campaign that in most counties the most influential of the party leaders had sought places on the delegations ; and, as the United States Senators. the Congressmen and the candidates for Governor looked about them, in a calm survey of the convention, they looked upon the very flower of the party in Illinois. THE CONVENTION BEGINS. It was 12:10 when Fred H. Rowe, chairman of the State Cen- tral Committee, called the convention to order and introduced the Rev. George H. Simmons, of Peoria, who offered prayer as follows : Almighty God, our Father who art in Heaven, we come to thee at this time, because we feel that we have supreme need to seek and ask thy blessing. We would first bring to thee our gratitude for thy blessings in the past, for our country, for its part in the history of the world, for our State, for its place in the position of States, for those who have led in its advance, and that, hitherto, we believe that the blessing of our God and Father hath been upon our country and upon our State. We pray thy blessing upon this convention assembled, that, as in the olden time, thoti didst call for one who was to be a leader among thy people and lead them to victory, to unfailing victory, so we pray that by thy spirit thou wilt call forth him who is to lead these people to success, to unfailing success. We do not fear but that the will of God shall be done. We know that thy will is supreme, but we would pray, Oh! God, that when thy will has been expressed, that these delegates, these people here assembled and the people of this State may submit and accept it as the will of God. We would ask that thou wouldst guide, not only in the affairs of this hour, in the matters of this convention, but in the days and weeks and months that are before us. Let no deed be done here that may bring dishonor upon this party ; let no word be spoken that shall be productive of dis- honor or strife when this convention shall have closed. Wilt thou so lead us, so guide and direct, that the will of God may be done, this country's cause advanced, righteousness enthroned and the glory of God recognized among all people. We commit ourselves, with our varying interests, and with all the varying vicissitudes of life that may lie before us, to thy will, accepting and waiting for thy guidance and blessing. This, with all else that we have need of, we ask in the name of thy Son, our Savior. Amen. After the partial reading of the convention call. Chairman Rowe said : Republicans of the State Convention of 1904: Two years ago I had the honor of presenting to you as temporary chairman a distinguished son of PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 197 Illinois. Since that time he has added great honor to himself and to our State ; and to-day, therefore, I have the great honor of presenting to you, in behalf of the Republican State Committee, for your temporary chair- man, Speaker Cannon. [Applause.] Gentlemen, all in favor of the selec- tion of Mr. Cannon as temporary chairman of this convention will manifest it by saying " Aye " ; contrary, " No." There were no negative votes, and Mr. Cannon was declared elected temporary chairman. As he arose and took the gavel, he was greeted with pro- longed applause. He said : " Gentlemen of the Convention : It goes without saying that the man who is chosen to temporarily preside over this con- vention, whose heart would not throb faster and whose breast CONGRESSMAN CHARLES E. FULLER. (BELVIDERE.) PROMINENT IN STATE POLITICS LEADER IN CONVENTION OF 1904. Born near Belyidere, Boone county, Illinois, March 31, 1849. He was admitted to the bar of Illinois in 1870 and served two terms as City Attorney of Belvidere and one term as State's Attorney for Boone county. In the State Legislature he had four- teen years of service, three terms in the House and two in the Senate. He was Circuit Judge for six years and was elected to the National House of Representatives in 1902. Mr. Fuller was married to Sarah E. Mackey in 1873. 198 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. would not swell with pride, would be less than human. I only ask you to bear with me briefly." Here the chairman was obliged to suspend for a moment. Workmen upon the roof were pounding at stubborn transoms, in an effort to improve the ventilation of the hall, and the noise drowned the voice of the speaker. Mr. Hoy, secretary of the convention, taking advantage of the pause, arose and pinned upon Mr. Cannon's breast a- golden-lettered badge reading, " Illinois Republican Convention 1904 Temporary Chairman." " I would rather have this," said Chairman Cannon, " than the yellow jacket of a Chinese mandarin." [Laughter.] Fred H. Rowe, on behalf of the State ^Committee, announced the following secretaries of the temporary organization: Temporary Secretary L. T. Hoy, of Woodstock. Temporary Assistant Secretaries J. R. B. Van Cleave, of Springfield ; B. H. McCann, of Bloomington ; Charles E. Shear- man, of Chicago; William G. McRoberts, of Peoria; Charles O. Carter, of Urbana : W. H. Foil, of Freeport ; Fred C. Dodds, of Springfield; C. M. Webster, of Shelbyville. In the list of assistant secretaries the candidates for Governor were represented as follows : Governor Yates, by F. C. Dodds : Colonel Lowden, by W. H. Foil; Mr. Deneen, by Charles E. Shearman ; Mr. Hamlin, by C. M. Webster ; Colonel Warner, by C. O. Carter ; Mr. Sherman, by William G. McRoberts. The list, as submitted by Mr. Rowe, was accepted by the convention. CHAIRMAN CANNON MAKES ADDRESS. Chairman Cannon then resumed his speech, addressing the convention as follows : The first Republican convention I attended in Illinois was the first State and Presidential convention I believe ever held in the State after the party was fully organized. That convention was held in 1860, at your sister city of Decatur. The nominations were made. The delegates were selected and instructed, when they didn't need the instructions, to present the name of the favorite son of Illinois then, and favorite in memory since, among all the favorites, Abraham Lincoln. [Applause.] The national convention met a few days later in Chicago in the wig- wam and nominated its candidate, and then came the first regular platform of that great party, just born of necessity to lead in the contest that was to preserve the Union and launch the country for the first time upon the great ocean of production and prosperity. I will not read much, but bear with me while I give you the substance of that exceedingly short and important platform which constitutes the foundation upon which the party has stood PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 199 from that time to this, and the substance of all platforms, State and national, that have been adopted over a period of forty-four years. The platform of '60 declared that the normal condition of all the terri- tory of the United States should be that of freedom, and denied the authority of Congress or of the territorial legislature, or of any individ- uals, to give local existence to slavery in any Territory of the United States. The Democratic platform of '60 in substance was as follows : " We affirm the legality of slavery in the territory of the United States, and declare it to be the duty of the United States to protect it there," an affirmation of free soil for free men, freedom upon the one hand and slavery upon the other. Let me read further. The Republican platform further provided that while providing revenues for the support of the general Government by duties upon imports, the true policy requires such adjustment of duties upon imports as to encourage development of the industrial interests of the whole country. That means a policy of national exchange which secures first to the workingman liberal wages ; second, to agriculture remunerative prices ; third, to the mechanic and the manufacturer adequate reward for their skilled labor and enterprise; fourth, to the nation commercial prosperity. Listen now to the Democratic platform made in '60 on that subject. The Democratic platforms of '56 and '60 both declared that the time had come for the people of the United States to declare themselves in favor of free seas and progressive free trade throughout the world. Upon this platform issues were joined. Lincoln was elected. Secession followed. With a bankrupt treasury and an impaired credit, it became necessary to raise great armies to preserve the Union and uphold the flag. Men sprang as if by magic to the rescue, when there was no wherewithal to be clothed, fed, transported and remunerated. With the Republican party fully in power, Congress at an early day wrote upon the statute books a revenue law providing duties upon imports of goods that came elsewhere from the world to the United States, and they were so adjusted following the platform as to yield revenue at the same time to protect labor and capital engaged in diversification of the industries, and upon which we could diversify our industries. What happened ? The revenues under that legislation came from it as freely and liberallv as the water came from the rock in the desert when smitten by Moses to relieve a famishing people. [Applause.] And from that day to this that protective tariff law, with amendments from time to time, has rested upon the statute books with the exception of almost four years under Grover Cleveland, from the year 1893 to the year 1897, when the Republican party again came into power under the leadership of Will- iam McKinley, clothed again with full power, they wrote that policy upon the statute book, where it rests to-day. Bear with me for five minutes while I refresh your minds by way of remembrance of the happenings. In 1860 Lincoln was elected with thirty- one million people in the United States, the war for the Union was fought and successfully brought to an end, freedom to all men forever whose footsteps land upon our borders was written into the Constitution to last as long as free government and self-government endures within our borders. [Applause.] Freedom in the Territories, yes, and freedom in all States, equality before the law, under which each individual works out his own salvation by his own skill, his own ability, his own industry. Seven billions of dollars eaten up and shot away during the war has been paid. [Applause.] Since the close of the war three thousand millions has been paid from the treasury as pensions to the men who through the con- test upheld the flag and preserved the Union. [Applause.] The currency of the country, which depreciated during the war, has been restored to its full value until to-day we have more currency to the man, woman and child, and better currency, save alone France, that lacks our banking sys- tem, than any nation on earth. [Applause.] 200 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. That is not all. Under protection and the policy of the party since 1860, from being an insignificant manufacturing country we have developed and diversified our industries until to-day we manufacture by our labor in the United States of America one-third of all the goods that are manufactured on this round earth. [Applause.] Our manufactures in 1900 were thirteen billions of dollars, in value equal to the manufactures of Great Britain, Germany and France combined, and substantially four- fifths of those products find a market among our people, a market such as no other people has on earth, a market that is only possible by our millions of citizens who live in the sweat of their faces, and on the average receive $1.75, where similar labor elsewhere in the world only receives $1.00. [Applause.] If you want liberal customers, you want great blocks of people that are earning liberal wages, and then they buy liberally of food of the farmer, and purchase each other's commodities with liber- ality, having the wherewith to pay. Bear with me while I call attention to another fact. The home com- merce of the United States, of products produced here, is greater than all the international commerce of all the nations in all the world. [Applause.] One thing the Republican party stands for let whatever else may happen we stand, every member of our party, informed, vigilant, courageous, to register the promise, and, if necessary, the oath, that we will devote the time and vigilance, and see to it that this market of our- selves, amongst ourselves, that is greater than all the international mar- kets of all the world, never shall be periled by bringing us into competition with similar products that are produced with labor at $1.00 elsewhere in the world, whereas our labor gets $1.75. [Applause.] Without exception, from '6p, under Lincoln, to this time under Roose- velt, the Republican party's position has been yea, yea, and nay, nay, touch- ing this great policy. Without exception the Democratic party's platforms and positions have been yea, yea, and nay, nay, except their yea, yeas, and nay, nays have been pulling back, while our yea, yeas, and nay, nays, have been marching at the head of almost eighty millions of people under this wise policy. [Applause.] Some people say we are growing poor. Oh, I am old enough, and you, Senator Cullom [turning to the Senator], to have recollected that one pair of shoes, made by a cross-road shoemaker, upon a last on which he made all the shoes for boys, and when you wore them they were worse than the tortures of the Inquisition until they were almost worn out ; old enough to recollect what life was when a suit of butternut that was woven by our mothers and cut and made by them, was ample clothing for a healthy boy of ten or twelve for twelve long months. I am old enough to recollect and they were good old times when hog and hominy, corn bread and New Orleans molasses for a luxury, was the diet year in and year out. [Laugh- ter.] I am old enough to recollect when the time for amusements was once a year, to Van Amberg's highly moral animal show, and call our- selves fortunate. Admission for adults was twenty-five cents; children a slick bit, which was 12^2 cents. [Laughter.] Back in those times, do you know how rich we were? There were less than thirty millions of us, and in round numbers the wealth of the country, all told, was measured by $500 to each individual. Do you know what we are worth now? In these days, when the man that lives in the sweat of his face, and eats by virtue of his day's labor, has a house and furniture and carpets, such as Senator Cullom and I never saw until after we were fifteen years old. [Applause.] The average wealth in 1900 to every inhabitant of almost eighty millions was $1,233 to every indi- vidual, and yet there are people that stand around on the street corners and swear that we are having a devil of a hard time. [Laughter.] Now, gentlemen, this is a large audience. I have no right to detain you much longer. During this campaign, if you will be kind enough to PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 201 notify me, once in a while, I will accompany Senator Cullom or Senator Hopkins, and the other gentlemen, and we will divide up and address three meetings a day, and so far as is necessary we will each and all from early morn to dewy eve proclaim the Republican gospel throughout the breadth and length of our magnificent State. [Applause.] Did you ever think what a roster we have had since 1860, headed with Lincoln, followed with Grant and Palmer and Logan, followed with Gen. W. H. L. Wallace, followed with General Rinaker and my present col- league, gallant Ben Marsh, of the Second Illinois Cavalry, in all its weary marches in the Confederacy? [Applause.] Then there was gallant, splendid, magnificent old Dick Oglesby [cheers], the sound of whose voice at any time was worth a thousand men. Then there is our Senator Cullom, our Governor Palmer, our Governor HOX. CHARLES P. HITCH. (PARIS.) U. S. MARSHAL FOR SOUTHERN DISTRICT PROMINENT IN STATE POLITICS AND IN CON- NECTION WITH STATE CONVENTION OF 1904. Born in Clermont county, Ohio, January 16, 1850, and came to Illinois in 1869, locating in Paris, which has since been his home. He was appointed to fill out an uncxpired term as City Clerk in 1872 and was then appointed Deputy County Clerk, serving in that capacity for eight years. In 1881 he was elected Grand Recorder of the Grand Lodge, A. O. U. W. of Illinois, which position he has held continuously ever since. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention of 1888 and was one of the original Harrison men of that year. He received the appointment of United States Marshal for the Southern District of Illinois from President Harrison and was twice reappointed by President McKinley. He has been a member of the State Central Committee and was chairman of that body during the presidential year of 1896. 202 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. Beveridge, and last but not least, the first great war governor of the State of Illinois, Richard Yates. [Prolonged cheers, many of the delegates rising and waving hats and handkerchiefs.] In that time I have seen the great queen city upon the lake with a hundred thousand people, spring like a great giant into the arena of the great cities of the world, until to-day she counts her population at 2,000,000 souls. [A voice "Louder."] I don't know of anybody unless he had the last trump that could make you hear. [Laughter.] I want to say to our good old Knicker- bocker friends, " Look out or in the next decade this young giant amongst the cities will reach your place and will be a day's march in advance." Why dwell longer? The man who does not feel the greatness, the wealth, the prosperity, the splendor of this country in his daily life would not believe one, though he might rise from the dead, and that is what our Democratic friends are trying to do. [Laughter.] We meet here to-day to perform a duty for the Republican party of Illinois and of the United States. I want to say for myself and for every delegate here and for every candidate that will be before this convention, in the twinkling of an eye, mother earth might open and swallow building, delegates, audience, Senators, Members of Congress, and those that hope to be might swallow us all up in the twinkling of an eye and inside of six days of wonder and mourning the five millions of people in the State of Illinois would be taking steps to name delegates to meet in State con- vention that would be quite as competent, if not more so, than we are, to nominate a ticket. [Applause.] When I was a young fellow seventeen years old, I began to think that the world could not do without me. Some time ago I went off down into the Caribbean Sea and was gone three months, and when I landed at Charleston coming back I bought a file of papers to read on the train on my way to Washington. I adjusted my spectacles and with eager eyes began to turn over the head-lines. I did not miss anything, not even the advertisements. And in three months the only mention I saw of myself was in one paper, with a very badly executed photograph of myself as the headpiece of an advertisement of Peruna. [Great laughter and applause.] Do you know what I did? I went out and stood on the back platform and during the balance of the ride I stood alone grand, gloomy and peculiar singing Lincoln's favorite song, " O, Why Should the Spirit of Mortal Be Proud?" [Laughter.] Individuals when they quit or drop out are not missed ; the world goes right along. Senator Cullom, I dare say that no man in this great audience to-day save you and myself was present in Decatur when Lincoln was about to be chosen for the Presidency. One by one they have done their work in politics, in Church, in State,. on the battlefield and at home, and they did the work with courage, with wisdom ; they laid the foundation of the party upon a broad platform, upon which we can safely build, and the assaults of the enemy and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it if we are true and loyal. [Applause.] Gone crossed over and the young man that listens to me to-day, that comes here to Springfield to attend this convention, will be as lonesome for men that knew this year as we are lonesome for the men, splendid and gallant and magnificent, that we met in the '6o's. This teaches the lesson that in the government of the people the government will never be any better than are the people. At the very basis of our whole progress is self-interest. Some men are so selfish that they incur the hatred of the world. It stands out on them; you could knock it off with a clapboard. Other men are fools only. Then, if I was a swearing man, there is a third kind of foolish people the selfishly foolish man, and he the regular G. D. fool that can never see anybody else for looking at himself. Most of us do not belong to the last two classes. We strive for bread ; we strive for property to PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 203 care for us and nurture the hearthstone and in old age keep us from want. That is laudable and splendid. Therefore, when strong men go out and dispute among themselves which shall be first, they make a strong tight ; but, God bless you, away back in the time of the Master the ques- tion among the Twelve was, which should be first : therefore I am not going to abuse anybody in Illinois for wanting to be first on the ticket. It is praiseworthy. I sometimes in conventions wish I could nominate all the candidates and let them take turns. But you can't do that. We are here, full-grown, from southern Illinois, from central Illinois, from eastern Illinois and the great city by the lakes. We stand for the party throughout the length and breadth of the State. Let us acquit From a photograph by Alderman Frank L. Race, of Chicago. COOK COUNTY DELEGATES OUT FOR AIRING DURING RECESS. ourselves like men fighting fair. Oh, how the world loves a man that deals hard blows, but never strikes below the belt. [Applause.] If he does, you will put him out. This convention is to pick out the man who is to be the candidate for the party, and every Republican worthy the name, when he is picked out, will shoulder arms and march up and say, "We are behind you." [Applause.] The function of a convention is in good temper after manly, vigorous contests to make the platform and to make the ticket, and if the minority does not submit to the action of the majority in the campaign and at the ballot-box, it is an unworthy minority. Gentlemen, this is a hot convention ; it is five minutes after one o'clock, and committees on permanent organization and others wish to get to work, and I will stop talking so that you may get to work and close this job up between now and midnight. 204 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. I heard an old negro preach when I was a boy. He preached loud and long. When he got through he said, " My dying brethren, I will preach in dis house two weeks from next Lord's day, Providence permittin'." He dropped his head a minute, then said, " Three weeks, nohow." So I may say, " We will end our work by midnight, Providence permitting ; to-morrow nohow." [Laughter.] A word about your Congressional delegation from Illinois. It was never stronger and better than it is now. This is especially true of the Chicago delegation, each and all ; and I know my colleagues will not com- plain if I mention the names of Senator Cullom and Representative Hitt, one at the head of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the Senate, the other chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House, each occupying controlling positions in enacting legislation of great interest to all our people and all the world, and performing their respective duties with as great acceptance and ability as it -has been performed in the history of the republic. And then there is the President President now and President to be Theodore Roosevelt ; young, able, courageous, optimistic, safe, with the courage of his convictions, action follows ; clothed with the power, whatever it is, necessary for the good of the republic from the standpoint of administration, he does, keeping his oath to see that the law is executed without fear or favor against the most powerful as well as against those who are less powerful. This is as it should be. The law is the foundation upon which the republic rests. It is strong enough to reach the strongest, strong enougfi to throw its protecting arms around and shield the weakest. It is not necessary for me to say more in reference to our Chief Executive. He is a better President to-day than he was yesterday, and he was a better President yesterday than when he first took the oath of office, and was as good as the best when he succeeded the lamented Presi- dent McKinley. [Applause.] When Chairman Cannon had concluded his address, the usual resolutions relating to the convention procedure were offered and adopted as follows : By A. H. Jones, of Crawford county " That the rules of the House of Representatives of the Congress of the United States, so far as applicable, be adopted as the rules of this con- vention." By Lieutenant-Governor Northcott " That all resolutions be referred to the Committee on Resolutions without debate." By Congressman Chas. E. Fuller " That all motions and resolutions upon the subject of credentials be referred to the Committee on Credentials." The convention received the reports of the Congressional dis- trict caucuses that had been held during the forenoon, naming the members of the several convention committees, the State Cen- tral Committee, etc. At 1 130, on motion of Congressman Fuller, the convention took a recess until 5 P.M. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION, 205 THE CREDENTIALS COMMITTEE MEETS. There was nothing for the convention to do now until the Committee on Credentials should make its report. The work of that body consisted principally in considering and disposing of the eleven contests that had been passed upon, for the purposes of temporary organization, by the State Central Committee. As soon as the convention ended its first session, the Credentials Committee got together in the office of the Railroad and Ware- house Commission in the State House. The first test vote came on the selection of a chairman of the committee and this demon- strated at once that the Yates-Lowden forces were in complete control. Judge Elbridge Hanecy, a Lowden leader, was placed HON. CORBUS P. GARDNER. (MENDOTA.) A LEADING MEMBER OF THE STATE SENATE PROMINENT IN POLITICS AND IN STATE CON- VENTION OF 1904. Born in Mendota, Illinois, in 1868, and is an alumnus of the University of Michi- gan, having graduated with the class of '90. Since leaving college he has engaged successfully in the practice of law at Mendota. He was first elected to the State Senate in 1898 and reflected in 1900, this being the only political office he has held. He disclaims any predilection for politics and inclines rather to business. 206 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. in nomination by Congressman Lorimer, and Ben M. Smith, of Cook, was nominated by John M. Harlan, representing the oppo- sition. It was unanimously agreed that where two names had been submitted by Congressional caucuses each of the contestants should have one-half vote. The roll-call resulted in the election of Hanecy over Smith by a vote of 16 to 8. On taking the chair, Judge Hanecy said : I thank you very much for this mark of distinction. We are here to do business and to do it as rapidly as possible and at the same time do justice to all parties who come before us and to the rights and interests that they represent. For nearly two jdays Roy O. West, with Doctor Jamieson and a few others, have sat on most of the contests and heard all they had to say when they were not interrupted by the bouquets thrown from Roy West to Doctor Jamieson and back again. [Laughter.] " When they were not reading newspapers," suggested Mr. West. A. H. Jones, of Crawford county, was unanimously elected secretary of the committee, and then Mr. Hoy, secretary of the State Central Committee and of the convention, turned over the documentary evidence in the several contests. There was some good-natured raillery over the question of taking a recess. Congressman Lorimer suggested that some of the members would like lunch before beginning the arduous work before that committee. " We had lunch before we came," suggested Mr. West. "You are generally prepared to stay away," retorted Mr. Lorimer. " Some of us farmers who eat three times a day would like to have a bite." " You can eat to-morrow," Mr. West replied, " when it will all be over." A recess until 3 o'clock was finally agreed upon, and at that hour the committee reconvened and, going into executive session, took up the several contests. The first contest taken up was that in the Fourth Congressional District, which involved the right to membership on the com- mittee claimed by M. G. Walsh, Deneen man, and D. E. Shanahan, a Lowden man. By a vote of 16^2 to 7, the committee decided in favor of Shanahan another evidence of the continuation of the Yates-Lowden alliance. But, although the combination was strong enough to have disposed of all of the contests summarily and to have finished the work of the committee in this way within a half-hour, the com- PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 207 mittee proceeded with clue deliberation and accorded all inter- ested parties a full hearing. The net result of the work of the committee was that the action of the State Committee with respect to all of the contested delegations was ratified. Although it was the general supposition that the contests were being disposed of From a photograph by F. H. Wagner, staff photographer Chicago Record-Herald. COLONEL LOWDEN AND JOHN C. AMES OUT FOR A WALK. without much regard to the merits of the several cases, but simply because there was a combination powerful enough to dis- pose of them as it saw fit, there was little disposition, after the work of the committee was completed, to question the cor- rectness of its decision in any case. When the convention reconvened at 5 o'clock, the galleries 208 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. were again packed with spectators. A few minutes before the hour fixed for reconvening, Governor Yates and Attorney - General Hamlin entered the hall together and, as they walked down the aisle, they were greeted with prolonged and enthu- siastic cheers. They found seats respectively with the Morgan and the Douglas county delegations. It was exactly 5 o'clock when Chairman Cannon called the convention to order. As the chairman looked out over the convention, he observed with displeasure the dense clouds of tobacco smoke that ascended from hundreds of cigars. " Gentlemen," said he, " you have adopted for the control of this convention the rules of the House of Representatives. One of the rules prohibits smoking in the hall of the House during the sessions [applause] and during vacation. The doorkeepers and the sergeant-at-arms and messengers will see that this rule is enforced. The rules of the House of Representatives provide that there shall be order on the floor and in the galleries, giving the Speaker of the House the authority to order the galleries to be cleared, if necessary. The sergeant-at-arms, the doorkeepers, everybody in charge of admission to this building, will see to it that no delegate, no spectator, is admitted with any G. D. infernal tin horn [laughter], and they are instructed furthermore that any spectator using such an instrument will be taken from the floor, or the gallery, and not again admitted. [Applause.] The secretary will read a communication." Secretary Hoy read the following communication : " We will not be able to report before 7 o'clock ; maybe not then. [Signed] ELBRIDGE HAXECY, Chairman Committee on Credentials." Whereupon Congressman Charles E. Fuller moved a recess until 7:30 P.M., and the motion was carried. PREPARING THE PLATFORM. Meanwhile the Committee on Resolutions had commenced its work. The committee met during the afternoon in the Adjutant- General's office in the State House. Former Congressman Wal- ter Reeves, of Streator, was elected chairman. Numerous suggestions were made and various resolutions presented by mem- bers of the committee. Martin B. Madden, of Chicago, submit- ted resolutions with regard to the proposed charter amendment PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 209 to the State Constitution, a uniform primary election law and a civil service plank. State Senator Carl Mueller, of the Retail Merchants' Association, presented a plea for a declaration in favor of a general reduction of freight rates throughout the State. Mrs. Catherine Waugh McCollough addressed the committee at some length in favor of a plank in the platform declaring for the further extension of woman's suffrage in Illinois. The reso- lutions adopted at the district caucuses in the morning endorsing Senator Fairbanks, of Indiana, for Vice-President, were pre- sented ; but when it was learned that Congressman Hitt would HON. WALTER REEVES. (STREATOR.) FORMER CONGRESSMAN CHAIRMAN OF COMMITTEE ON RESOLUTIONS IN THE STATE CON- VENTION OF 1904. Born near ' Brownsville, Pennsylvania, September 25, 1848. He received but a meager education in the country schools, but by industrious study managed to acquaint himself with pedagogics, literature and the sciences to such an extent that while still a young man he accepted a position as a school teacher, continuing in this employment for seven or eight years. In this manner he was enabled to secure the means to enable himself to continue his studies, particularly in the law, and he was admitted to practice in 1875, opening an office in Streator. His first election to office gave him a seat in the Fifty-fourth Congress, in which he served with credit, as he did also in the three succeeding Congresses. In 1900 Mr. Reeves was a candidate for the Republican nom- ination for Governor. 14 210 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. accept the nomination if tendered him, these were withdrawn, and it became evident that the committee would be unanimous in its support of Mr. Hitt. At length a subcommittee on platform was appointed, con- sisting of the following gentlemen : Walter Reeves, of Streator, chairman ; Martin B. Madden, Graeme Stewart and Judge W. M. McEwen, all of Chicago ; W. R. Jewell, of Danville ; John W. Parker, Rock Island, and C. J. Doyle, of Greenfield. To this subcommittee all of the resolutions and suggestions that had been offered were submitted, and the committee took a recess until 8 o'clock. The work of the subcommittee. was carried on in executive session, and no attempt will be made here to describe it in detail. It was long after midnight before its report to the full committee was made and the platform was finally agreed upon by the Com- mittee on Resolutions. At 7 :3O, the hour fixed for the beginning of the evening ses- sion, the delegates were in their seats and the galleries were again filled to their utmost capacity. It was well understood that the convention could do nothing until it should receive the report of the Credentials Committee, and this was not ready. In the hour that followed, bedlam broke loose in the conven- tion hall. It was a contest of noisemaking between the followers of the various candidates. A half-dozen bands scattered here and there through the convention hall some on the floor, some in the galleries all of them at times playing different airs simultaneously made the confusion complete. There were pro- cessions of banners Yates, Hamlin, Deneen and Warner ban- ners marching up one aisle and down another. A Lowden banner came up the aisle alone and was received with deafening cheers. In one of the processions, perched upon a Deneen stand- ard, was a live rooster. The biggest demonstration of the eve- ning came when Governor Yates entered the hall. The ovation was even greater than that accorded him in the morning. The large oil painting of the Governor that had figured conspicuously in the State convention at Peoria four years earlier was brought in and set up in front of the press platform, in full view of the convention, and the Yates delegates cheered for several minutes. There was a lull at 8:25, when Chairman Cannon arose and motioned for silence ; but he had nothing to say to the convention From photograph, copyrighted, 1903, by Clinedinst, Washington, U. C. HON. WILLIAM BARRET RIDGELY. COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY ACTIVE DURING CONVENTION IN EFFORTS TO BREAK THE DEADLOCK. Born in Springfield, Illinois, July 19, 1858, and is of the third generation of the banking family of Ridgely founded by Nicholas H. Ridgely, who removed from St. Louis to Springfield in 1835 to become Cashier of the State Bank of Illinois. William Barret Ridgely was educated in the public schools of Springfield and at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute of Troy, New York, from which he graduated in 1879 with the degree of Civil Engineer. After leaving school he was successively Superintendent, Secretary and Vice- President of the Springfield Iron Company, was President of the Springfield Gas Light Company and of the Wilmington and Springfield Coal Company and also the Springfield Coal Association, and for several years second Vice-President of the Ridgely National Bank. He was appointed postmaster at Springfield in 1897 and resigned in 1899 on account of his leaving Springfield for Chicago to become the district manager for the Republic Iron and Steel Company, which had absorbed the Springfield Iron Company. He was elected Secretary of the Republic Company in the same year, and, in 1901, was elected Vice-President of that company, which position he held until appointed Comptroller of the Currency. Mr. Ridgely early became active in political life, taking a prominent part in the campaign of 1888 by organizing protection clubs composed of both Republicans and former Democrats. In 1894 and again in 1896 he was largely instrumental in the reorganization of the party in Sangamon county, in both of which years decisive vic- tories were won. For two terms he was Secretary of the Illinois League of Republican Clubs. Ever since his entry in politics he has been closely identified with the political fortunes of Senator Cullom and has been prominent in all of the contests in which the Senator has been engaged in recent years.' Mr. Ridgely was married in 1882 to the eldest daughter of Senator Cullom. Mrs. Ridgely died in 1902, leaving two daughters, the elder of whom, Miss Catherine Ridgely, is the head of Mr. Ridgely's home in Washington and takes a prominent part in the social life of the capital. In September, 1901, a few days after the death of President McKinley, Mr. Ridgely was appointed Comptroller of the Currency his appointment, with that of Dr. Rixey as Surgeon-General of the Navy, being the first made by President Roosevelt. Since his accession to the office of Comptroller he has delivered several notable addresses on financial subjects, including the addresses before the American Bankers' Association at New Orleans in November, 1902, and at San Francisco in October, 1903, besides numerous addresses before State Bankers' Associations. Mr. Ridgely is a member of the University Club of Chicago, the Metropolitan and Chevy Chase Clubs of Washington, D. C., and the Sangamo Club of Springfield; also of the Iron and Steel Institute of Great Britain, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and the American Institute of Mining Engineers. 212 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. except to announce that a glee club " without factional bias " would sing, j Thus the evening dragged along until 9:25, when there was a stir on the chairman's platform, and it was observed that Con- gressman Lorimer, John M. Harlan and Andrew Russel were From a photograph by Alderman Frank L. Race, of Chicago. THIRTY-FIFTH WARD (CHICAGO) DELEGATION IN FRONT OF HOTEL. in conference with Chairman Cannon. They informed him that the Credentials Committee had taken a recess until 1 1 130. Chairman Cannon arose and said : " The Chair recognizes the chairman of a subcommittee of the Committee on Credentials, who will make a statement." There was complete silence as Mr. Lorimer, in clear, deliberate tones, addressed the convention : " Mr. Chairman : Mr. Harlan, Mr. Russel and myself have been appointed a subcommittee of the Committee on Credentials to notify this convention that it will be impossible to make a report until half- past 12 or I o'clock, and probably not then." PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 213 " What is the pleasure of the convention?" inquired Chairman Cannon. Lieutenant-Governor W. A. Northcott moved that the con- vention adjourn until 10 o'clock the following morning. The delegates did not wait for the motion to be put. Before the words had been spoken by the Lieutenant-Governor, nearly all of the delegates were on their feet on their way for the exits, and the announcement of the Chairman that the convention stood adjourned was not audible beyond a radius of ten feet. And so ended the first day of the convention. The delegates hurried over to the hotel. The candidates for Governor went into conference with their lieutenants, making plans for the day yet to come. At midnight, when the delegates began to seek rest for the night, the candidates were still as much at sea as they had been twenty-four hours before. The statements they made that night for the newspapers did not differ materially from those given out the previous evening. The six candidates were interviewed during the evening, and here is what they had to say : Charles S. Deneen : " They say delays are dangerous. In this case I do not think so. As far as I am concerned, my strength is gaining steadily. I will make no claims to-night, except to say that I am more hopeful than ever of winning the nomination." Governor Yates : " I don't think any man who attended the conven- tion sessions to-day can doubt that the spirit of the delegates, or rather of the overwhelming majority of them, is a Yates spirit. I am more con- fident to-night than I have been since the moment I began the fight for renomination more confident, indeed, than I have been since I first took up the Republican standard two years ago. My support grows with every delay. I will win and win early in the balloting. I feel as I have always felt, that the delegates pledged to me will stay with me in spite of all attacks and that no candidate has such warm personal support." Frank O. Lowden : " There is very little to say. If I state that my friends are staying by me it implies a doubt that I do not feel. I am more confident than ever of the result." Lawrence Y. Sherman : " My men are all ' stand-patters.' They are still solid with me, and my chances are growing brighter. The postponement helps me and all day I have heard of a sentiment in my favor among men who on first ballot will stand for some one else. We will stand pat and win." Vespasian Warner : " I do not recall ever having witnessed such a demonstration before in my experience. This certainly is the noisiest ses- sion ever held by Illinois Republicans, but the noise is rather the expres- sion of outsiders in the convention than of delegates. You will notice that the majority of delegates are quietly awaiting developments. When the time comes they will speak with their votes." Rowland J. Hamlin : " I am confident of success. I have no reason to have any other feeling. The postponements have given many delegates a chance to drift in and tell me that I am their second choice. I have lost none and have gained several from reports." I 2 S Cd o S fe o B 2 * PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 215 CHAPTER V. THE SECOND DAY, FRIDAY, MAY 13 CANDIDATES' NAMES PRESENTED BALLOTING BEGINS. The morning of Friday, the I3th of May, found the public interest in the convention even greater than it had been at the opening on the previous day; for it was the universal supposi- tion that this was the day that would finally end what was already the most picturesque and by far the most notable contest for the Governorship that had ever been waged in Illinois. The convention was not to meet until 10 o'clock ; but at 8 :oo crowds gathered at the entrances, to be ready for the first opportunity to gain admission. The doorkeepers, assisted by a force of Spring- field policemen, battled with the crowd for more than an hour. At 9:15 the doors were finally opened and men and women began a frantic rush for the inside of the large building. Many there were who presented themselves without tickets, and in most cases they were compelled to turn back, though many made their way past the doorkeepers and got into the galleries or crowded upon the floor. For another hour the hall was filled with the hum of voices and the ceaseless clatter of feet as delegates and spectators crowded in. The workers for the candidates were busily engaged in putting up more lithographs and placards. The first excite- ment was occasioned when a man climbed out upon one of the steel girders that spanned the building, and hung from it a large picture of Governor Yates immediately in front of the chairman's platform. It was but a moment until other men were creeping out upon other girders and unfurling huge portraits of Deneen, Hamlin and Warner. As each picture appeared, the partisans of the candidates broke into cheers. Ten o'clock was at hand, and still the crowd was growing, becoming more dense with each passing moment. At 10:15, Gov- ernor Yates entered the hall at the south or main entrance, and as he made his way through the closely packed crowd and walked down the aisle to the front he was given an ovation which con- 216 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. tinued for several minutes. Five minutes later, Judge Hamlin came in, closely followed by Colonel Lowden both receiving enthusiastic ovations. It was now past the time for the convention to open. The candidates and the party leaders were all in their places, ready for their respective parts in what they supposed to be the closing act of the great drama. Chairman Cannon was in his place on the platform. Distinguished leaders of the party sat around COL. JAMES R. B. VAN CLEAVE. (SPRINGFIELD.) PROMINENT IN POLITICS ONE OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARIES OF THE STATE CONVENTION OF 1904 CALLED MOST OF THE ROLLS ON BALLOTS FOR GOVERNOR. Born at Knoxville, Illinois, October 9, 1853, and grew up in the atmosphere that surrounded that headquarters of the " Underground Railroad." He was educated at Knox College, Galesburg, Illinois, and upon leaving that institution traveled through the South during the Hayes-Tilden presidential campaign as correspondent of the New York Herald and the Chicago Times. He helped to organize the original Blaine Club in Chicago in 1880 and was secretary of that organization. After the nomination of Garfield in that year, Mr. VanCleave took charge of the records and acted as Mr. Garficld's secretary at Mentor, Ohio, until the regular secretaries took charge. Mr. VanCleave was enrolling and engrossing clerk of the Senate during the Thirty-second General Assembly and acted as secretary for the late Senator William J. Campbell. He was elected City Clerk of Chicago in 1891 and served one term. He was appointed State Insurance Superintendent by Governor Tanner in 1897. He retired from that office in 1901. He was also a member of Governor Tanner's military staff. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 217 him Senators Cullom and Hopkins, former Governor Joseph W. Fifer, U. S. Marshal John C. Ames, U. S. Marshal Charles P. Hitch, U. S. District Judge J. Otis Humphrey, U. S. District Attorney S. H. Bethea, Comptroller of the Currency William Bar- ret Ridgely and several others. Of the six candidates for Gov- ernor, only one took a seat on the platform. This was Colonel War- ner, who occupied a seat near the chairman, and looked placidly out over the convention. From a photograph by Alderman Frank L. Race, of Chicago. FROM LEFT TO RIGHT WM. J. COOKE, C. LICHTENBERGER, JR., AND COLONEL WM. J. MOXLEY ALL OF CHICAGO. The other candidates for Governor were scattered here and there through the convention. Governor Yates, as on the pre- vious day, sat on the aisle with the Morgan county delegation, on the front row of chairs. Back of him, perhaps a dozen rows, with the Douglas county delegation, sat Attorney-General Ham- lin. Mr. Deneen, Colonel Lowden and Mr. Sherman, in the opening hour, were moving hither and thither through the hall. 218 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. Most of the time Mr. Deneen was in the room which had been assigned to him as an office or conference room, in the south- east corner of the hall ; occasionally he moved about on the outer edges, conferring with delegates or with his lieutenants. Colonel Lowden mixed freely with the delegates. Judge Sherman, when not moving about, sat with the McDonough county delegation half-way back from the front, and off to the Speaker's left. John H. Pierce, who had not yet committed himself as to whether or not he was to be a candidate, sat with the Henry county delegation. "UNCLE JOE" GETS A MEGAPHONE. It was 10 :2O when " Uncle Joe " Cannon at length arose to convene the convention. The experience of the previous day the immensity of the hall and the confusion that had prevailed much of the time had seriously taxed his voice ; and now he stood before the convention with a megaphone in his hand. Pounding with his gavel until the buzz of conversation had died away, he lifted the megaphone to his mouth and commanded the convention to be in order. Using the megaphone was evi- dently a new experience for the Speaker of the National House, and there was occasional laughter as he accidentally talked out- side of it. Speaking through the megaphone, he said: , The Chair desires to say that in the crowded condition of gentlemen upon the floor and spectators in the galleries, the enthusiasm of all could be manifested later on for the respective candidates of their choice that the enthusiasm of men where the delegates ought to be alone must be curbed, so that the vote may be given and the business of the convention transacted. The Chair desires to say that if it shall prove, during the progress of this convention, that order can not be maintained so that the delegates of the convention can transact its business in order and in an orderly manner, the Chair will exercise that authority that resides necessarily with the chairman of all great bodies, to adjourn upon his own motion the delegates composing this convention to the hall of the House of Representatives, with the order that nobody shall be admitted except the delegates, officials of the convention and the press. Let us move off, gentlemen of the conven- tion, and do our business wisely and according to our best judgment, not forgetting (and this is without regard to anybody's candidacy) that this is but one means of presenting a ticket to receive votes next fall. [Laughter.] The next thing in order will be a report from the Committee on Credentials. [Applause.] Judge Elbridge Hanecy, chairman of the Committee on Cre- dentials, was already on the platform and as Chairman Cannon recognized him he arose and read the report of the committee, PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 219 the substance of which was already known to the leaders. There had been humors of a contest over the adoption of the report of the committee, but if opposition had been contemplated, it had been abandoned; for when Judge Hanecy finished the reading of the report and Chairman Cannon, after a brief pause, put it to a viva voce vote of the convention, there was not a single nega- tive vote, and the report was declared unanimously adopted. The report of the committee with regard to the several con- tests confirmed the action of the State Central Committee in seat- ing the Yates and Lowden delegates in the eleven counties which HON. JOHN H. MILLER. (MC'LEANSBORO.) SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE IN THE FORTY-THIRD GENERAL ASSEMBLY PROMINENT IN POLITICS. Born near Enfield, Illinois, and graduated >frorn Lincoln Uniyersity with the class of '71. For a number of years after his graduation he taught in various schools in Indiana and Illinois and in 1879 embarked in the hardware business in Enfield. He later removed to McLeansboro, continuing in the same line of business. In 1893 he organized the People's Bank, of which institution he is now President. He has been chairman of the Republican County Central Committee for eight years and a member of the State Committee for six years. He was elected to the House of Representatives in 1900 and reflected in 1902, serving as Speaker of the House during the session of 1903. 220 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. had sent contesting delegations. The language of the report regarding these contests was as follows : That your committee took up the contests in each of the said last- mentioned counties separately and heard the evidence and arguments of the respective parties in interest, and after hearing all of the evidence and arguments of representative counsel and parties in each of said cases, by a majority vote finds that the sitting delegates from each of the last- mentioned counties as listed by the Republican State Central Committee for the temporary roll-call of this convention are the duly elected delegates from said last-mentioned counties. The temporary roll of delegates, therefore, became the per- manent one. The committee found, however, that Cook county was entitled to three more delegates than had been accredited it in the call for the convention one in the Third Ward and two in the Third Commissioners' District. The adoption of the following resolution was recommended by the committee and embodied in its report: Resolved, That in case a vacancy occurs in this convention, the dele- gates present in such delegation shall cast the full vote of such delegation. The convention then proceeded rapidly to perfect its per- manent organization. The report of the Committee on Permanent Organization and Rules was presented by H. D. Judson, of Knox county, its chairman, recommending that " the temporary organi- zation of this convention be the permanent organization, and that the rules of the National House of Representatives govern its proceedings." Mr. Judson put the motion to the convention, and it was carried without a dissenting vote. S. H. Bethea, of Lee county, chairman of the Committee to Select Delegates at Large to the National Convention, and Presi- dential Electors at Large, reported the following: Delegates at Large Senator Shelby M. Cullom, Senator Albert J. Hopkins, Speaker Joseph G. Cannon and Governor Richard Yates. Alternates Hon. W. A. Northcott, Col. A. C. Matthews, Paul Mor- ton and Samuel Insull. Electors at Large Lot Brown and Wm. J. Moxley. The report of the committee was adopted. Then ex-Congressman Walter Reeves, chairman of the Com- mittee on Resolutions, was recognized, and presented the plat- form, which, as he stood alongside of Chairman Cannon, he read to the convention. The reading of the platform elicited some enthusiasm. There were cheers at the mention of the names of Roosevelt, Cullom, Hopkins, Cannon and Hitt. But the biggest PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 221 demonstration came with the mention of the name of Governor Yates, his followers rising and sending forth deafening cheers. When Mr. Reeves had concluded the reading of the platform, he said : I am directed also to state informally that in the matter of the adop- tion of a constitution for the party, such as has been prepared by a com- mittee of gentlemen, to say to you that the Committee on Resolutions could not take up that matter at this time, for want of time to consider it. We have no recommendation upon that subject to make, further than to suggest that it would probably be well for this convention to appoint a committee to consider that question and report to the next State conven- tion. I move the adoption of this report. JUDGE ALONZO K. VICKERS. (VIENNA.) A MEMBER OF THE HAMLIN STEERING COMMITTEE PROMINENT IN POLITICS. Born near Metropolis, Massac county, September 25, 1853. He received his educa- tion in the common schools of Massac county and in the Metropolis high school. At the age of nineteen he began teaching school and followed this vocation for six years, reading law meanwhile under the direction of Judge R. W. McCartney of Metropolis. In 1879 he moved to Vienna and established the Vienna Times. In 1886 he was ejected for a term in the State Legislature and five years later was elected to the circuit bench in the First Judicial Circuit, being reflected without opposition in 1897 and 1903. In the latter year he was assigned by the Supreme Court to the Appellate bench of the Second Circuit. He has taken an active and influential part in politics in Southern Illinois for many years. He was a strong friend and supporter of Judge Hamlin in the gubernatorial contest and at the State Convention was a member of the Hamlin Steering Committee. 222 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. The motion to adopt the platform prevailed unanimously. Then the chairman recognized John J. Brown, of Fayette county, who offered the following resolution : Resolved, That the congressional districts be called in their order for the presentation of candidates for the respective State offices, according to the call made by the State Central Committee, and that as the names of such candidates shall be presented there shall be no speeches made. The reading of this resolution was received with applause. There was evident satisfaction with the provision cutting out nominating speeches. It had been customary from time imme- morial for eulogistic speeches to be made in nominating candi- dates for the high office of Governor. But the convention was in no mood now for oratorical displays. Any forensic tribute would have been meaningless and impressionless and an unpardonable waste of time. If a half-dozen of the greatest political orators that the State ever had produced Ingersoll, Oglesby, " War Governor " Yates, E. D. Baker, or any of the brilliant galaxy that had given fame to the oratory of the Prairie State had appeared in the convention and made the most eloquent appeals of which they were capable, they would have evoked applause and cheers but not a single vote would have been changed. It was the universal feeling in the convention that this was a time for action, not for the flowers of oratory. PRECAUTION AGAINST A "STAMPEDE." Nor was there to be a " stampede " to any candidate, such as had been witnessed occasionally in former conventions. It was recalled that four years earlier at Peoria the convention had been stampeded to Richard Yates through an extensive changing of votes before the announcement of the result of the third bal- lot. Nobody now was anxious for a stampede not even the Governor himself, who had been the beneficiary of the historic stampede of 1900. There were, therefore, only a few faint " noes " when the following resolution, offered by Judge Richard S. Farrand, of Lee county, was put to a vote and declared adopted : Resolved, That no change of vote shall be permitted by any delegate or delegates during the roll-call, or after the same, and that immediately upon the close of such roll-call the secretary shall announce the vote ; and immediately upon such announcement the secretary shall again proceed to call the roll in case no nomination has been made. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 223 At once the secretary began the calling of the Congressional districts, beginning with the first, for the nomination of candi- dates for Governor. The candidates were placed in nomination as follows : Frank O. Lowden, by Alderman Frank I. Bennett, of the second district (Chicago). Charles S. Deneen, by State Treasurer Fred A. Busse, ninth district (Chicago). From a photograph by J. Ellsworth Hare, staff photographer Chicago Inter Ocean. GOVERNOR YATES ENTERING CONVENTION HALL. L. Y. Sherman, by State Senator O. F. Berry, of Carthage. H. J. Hamlin, by Walter C. Headen, of Shelbyville. Vespasian Warner, by Judge F. M. Shonkwiler, of Monti- cello. Governor Richard Yates, by Mayor John R. Davis, of Jack- sonville. The nominations were seconded by a number of districts. The roll of the counties was then called for the first ballot. 224 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. On the first call of Bureau county the vote was two short of the number to which the county was entitled. A delegate from Bureau challenged the vote, and the roll of the individual dele- gates was called, resulting : Lowden, 6 ; Deneen, 5 ; Hamlin, i ; Yates, i ; Warner, i. W. J. Lynch challenged the vote of Madison county. Sen- ator Louis Walter, of Alton, inquired whether, under the rule governing vacancies in delegations, a majority could fill the vacancy. Before a ruling* could be made, another delegate said there was no vacancy, as the alternate for the absent delegate was present. Chairman Cannon : Then there is no basis for the inquiry. Is the delegation full? Senator Walter : There is an alternate here. Chairman Cannon: Then the delegation is full. [Laughter.] The Madison delegation was polled, the alternate voting for Yates. The first ballot was announced as follows : Yates, 507^3 : Lowden, 354% ; Deneen, 386^ ', Hamlin, 121 ; Warner, 45 ; Sherman, 87. Total vote cast, 1,502. Neces- sary to a choice, 752. " No candidate having received a majority," said Chairman Cannon, " there is no choice, and the clerk will again call the roll." The roll was then called for the second ballot. The vote of Boone county was challenged, and the delegation was polled. This resulted in a gain of one vote for Yates, and the loss of one for Warner. There were cheers when Rock Island county, which had voted for Sherman on the first roll-call, cast its vote solidly for Lowden on the second. The second ballot resulted : Yates, 504^3 ; Lowden, 390 53-66 ; Deneen, 383 35-66 ; Ham- lin, 117^3"; Warner, 42 1-6; Sherman, 63 1-6. The third ballot brought further changes by the entry of John H. Pierce, of Henry county, in the list of candidates. His name had not been formally presented to the convention, but now Henry and Stark counties gave him twenty-one votes, and Pulaski added a half vote. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 225 As the ballots and the totals thereof are given in detail in another part of this volume, their repetition here will not be necessary. The balloting continued without extensive changes. The Yates vote gradually receded ; the Lowden vote all the while was climbing up. On the fourth ballot, Alexander county, which had voted solidly for Yates, divided its vote, giving Yates four and Lowden three. The vote was challenged, and on a poll it was found that the Lowden votes were cast by John Aisthorpe, W. H. Fields and Richard Taylor. Ford county, which had been dividing its vote between Deneen, Sherman and Warner, now voted solidly for Deneen, and was rewarded with cheers from the Deneen delegates. COL. W. J. CONZELMAN. (PEKIN.) CANDIDATE FOR THE NOMINATION FOR LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR. Born in St. Louis, where his father was a physician of considerable prominence. Mr. Conzelman moved to Pekin in 1891 and in the fall of that year was united in marriage to Miss Bertha Herget of that city. He is prominent as a stockholder and director in a large number of business enterprises, both in Pekin and Peoria. He is also a Colonel on the military staff of Governor Yates. In May, 1891, he was elected Mayor of Pekin and was reefected in 1903 by an increased majority. 15 226 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. After the last county had been called on each ballot, the secre- taries required from ten to fifteen minutes to make the footings. The totals were not given to the chairman until they were agreed upon by Secretary Hoy and those of his assistants who had made roll-calls each of the several candidates having a repre- sentative among the assistant secretaries. In this way accuracy was secured though there were occasionally slight errors in the fractions, to which no attention was paid and all chance for dis- pute was obviated. '--*n **J From a photograph by J. Ellsworth Hare, staff photographer Chicago Inter Ocean. JUDGE HAMLIN ABOUT TO ENTER CONVENTION HALL. After the completion of the seventh roll-call, a full half- hour elapsed before the announcement of the result. Chairman Cannon turned his gavel over to Major James A. Connolly, of Springfield, for a few minutes, while he had a conference with Judge W. C. Johns, of Decatur, and others. The chairman began to see faintly the deadlock that was just beginning, and was anxious that it should be averted. Rumors flew thick and PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 227 fast through the hall. It was reported that the chairman had suggested to the delegates of his own county, Vermilion, that they open the way by dividing their vote among several of the candidates. The same suggestion, it was understood, had been made to the Macon and Douglas county delegations. It was reported also that Mr. Deneen had sent a messenger to Governor Yates, and that both of them, with Judge Hamlin, had gone into a conference. For some days, in the talk of a possible entry of a " dark horse " in the list of candidates, the name of E. J. Murphy, warden of the Joliet penitentiary, and the Gov- ernor's campaign manager, had been freely used. Mr. Murphy evidently had some friends in the convention, and there were now shouts of " Murphy !" " Murphy !" The impression that a break was about to come, and that unexpected combinations were about to be made, took possession of many in the conven- tion not so much of the delegates themselves as of those who looked on. During the long wait the convention became boisterous. The pictures, banners and placards of candidates were kept waving all over the hall. The air was filled with a bedlam of cheers. It was 4 o'clock when the result of the seventh ballot was announced. The Yates vote had fallen to 494, while Lowden had risen to 407 ; Deneen had dropped to 377 ; Sherman to 52 ; Hamlin, Warner and Pierce were practically stationary. The eighth ballot developed no extensive changes. The roll- call was interrupted by Fred A. Busse, who demanded that Mr. Deneen have a representative at the secretary's desk to keep tally of the votes. Chairman Cannon, with some asperity, replied : " The Chair understands that there is a gentleman here who has the confidence of Mr. Deneen ; and whether there is or not, it is the duty of the Chair to see that the vote is counted as announced, and the Chair will do it." Rival attempts at stampede were made on the ninth ballot, by the supporters of Yates, Lowden and Deneen, who sent up deafening shouts as the votes of the counties were announced ; but no effect whatever was apparent. CONVENTION BECOMES A MOB. The convention became a mob during the long wait for the announcement of the tenth ballot. There was a deafening din 228 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. of yells for all of the candidates more particularly for Hamlin, Yates and Lowden. Finally a dozen men with banners, seeking the highest vantage, climbed upon the press platform, some upon the secretary's table, and finally one mounted Chairman Cannon's table, swinging a Warner banner. A squad of police- men in uniforms leaped to the platform and, after a struggle, suc- ceeded in removing the disturbers, but to do it required force COL. ISAAC L. ELLWOOD. (DE KALB.) IMPORTANT FACTOR IN STATE CONVENTION PROMINENT IN POLITICS AND IN BUSINESS WORLD MEMBER STATE RAILROAD AND WAREHOUSE COMMISSION. and threats and menacing motions of policemen's clubs. A serious riot was imminent for several minutes. " Uncle Joe " Cannon, with characteristic coolness and good humor, lifted his megaphone and shouted to the press representatives on his left : '' The newspaper boys will please sit down." At length the convention settled down to some semblance of PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 229 order and delegates were able to hear the megaphone announce- ment of the tenth ballot. This showed almost no changes from the previous ballots. About the only important variation on the eleventh ballot was the transfer of the six votes of Washington county to Con- gressman W. A. Rodenberg. This was Mr. Rodenberg's first and final appearance in the list of candidates for governor. It was now nearly 7 130 in the evening. The convention had been in session continuously since 10 o'clock. There had been no intermission for lunch or for dinner, and delegates and specta- tors were weary and hungry, sandwiches secured from the near- est lunch rooms and carried to convention hall by messengers being all that they had been able to get in the way of food. There was a general desire for a recess, but nobody was willing to make the first move in that direction, fearing it might be con- strued as a confession of weakness. Chairman Cannon inti- mated that a recess would be desirable when he remarked that " in the absence of any privileged motion the clerk will call the roll." The delegates only laughed at the chairman's humor and none offered the " privileged motion " which he hoped might be forthcoming. The calling of the roll for the twelfth ballot was then com- menced. Chairman Cannon called Major James A. Connolly, of Springfield, to the chair, and left the platform with Senator Cullom and Congressman Lorimer. It was currently reported that they were proposing a conference between the candidates for Governor. If any such proposition was made, it received no encouragement. In a few minutes Mr. Cannon was back in the chair. " Uncle Joe " was thoroughly impressed with the futility of any further balloting that day. The footings had been ready for half an hour, but he sat complacently in his chair, smiling at those about him. " Do you think," he inquired, " I am in any hurry to announce this ballot ?" In the convention hall there was a continuous din of shouts, mingled with the boisterous music of a half-dozen bands and the clatter of a cowbell in the hands of an enthusiastic delegate in the center of the hall. The Yates men apparently had the greater lung power, and, with a bass drum keeping time, they kept up a 230 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. continuous shout of " YATES ! YATES ! YATES ! YATES !" It was at this juncture that some of the Deneen men wanted to try a stampede for their candidate. Mr. Deneen was over at the Leland hotel, nearly a half-mile away. Clyde A. Morrison, of Chicago, one of his active lieutenants, jumped into a carriage and drove post-haste to the hotel, expecting to bring the candi- date back with him to the convention hall, where his personal appearance at this critical moment would cause an outburst of enthusiasm and .possibly a break in the opposing forces. But Mr. Deneen only smiled and shook his head. " No," said he, " I will HON. JOHN R. DAVIS. ' (JACKSONVILLE.) PLACED GOVERNOR YATES IN NOMINATION IN THE STATE CONVENTION PROMINENT IN GOVERNOR'S CAMPAIGN. Born in Jacks9iiville in 1864 of Scotch- Irish descent. His first political position was that of alderman in the Jacksonville City Council, and at the end of his term he was nominated for mayor of that city, being elected by a large majority. His reelection followed two years later, at which time he received the largest majority ever given a candidate for the office. Mr. Davis is a director in the Ayers National Bank, a director of the White Hall Sewer Pipe and Stone Company and secretary of the Odd Fellows' Orphans' home at Lincoln. He has always been prominent in the Republican political councils in Morgan county. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 231 stay here. Some other day for my stampede." And Mr. Morri- son, disappointed, returned to the convention alone. TROUBLE BREAKS LOOSE. Suddenly there was excitement on the east side of the hall, not far from the chairman's platform, and there was a general rush in that direction. In one of the endless processions of men carrying banners that had been marching up and down the aisles, a burly negro resisted Police Officer George Brightman when the latter attempted to stop him. The officer used his club and the negro attacked him, drawing a revolver. Mrs. Yates, wife of the Governor, was sitting a few feet away inside a reserved space protected by a rope. In the scuffle, the negro pushed another policeman, who had come to the rescue of Officer Brightman, over the rope and upon Mrs. Yates. B. M. Chiperfield, of Can- ton, a candidate for Attorney-General, was standing near, and came to the rescue of the officers. Others joined him and the negro was finally overpowered and placed under arrest. Mrs. Yates was uninjured. At length the result of the twelfth ballot was announced, showing but slight changes from the previous ballot. The thir- teenth roll-call was commenced at 8 :2O. While the result of the ballot was awaited, representatives of the candidates went to the platform and discussed with Chairman Cannon the question of adjournment. Mr. Cannon was anxious to adjourn. " It is an outrage," he said to ex-Congressman Walter Reeves, " to pun- ish men for their loyalty." But opposition to adjournment was too strong to be overcome. It was 9:16 when the result of the thirteenth ballot was given to the convention, although the foot- ings had been ready for forty minutes. Governor Yates and members of his Advisory Committee had been meeting in his room in the south end of the building, in con- ference on the question of adjournment. They now came in and made their way down the aisle to the front, with the Governor at their head. The Governor announced to those about him : " I am against adjournment." Chairman Cannon said he desired to make a statement. " It is now half-past nine o'clock," said he. " It is for the conven- tion, after a continuous session of about twelve hours, to say 232 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. whether it shall proceed in regular order, or take a recess. It is in the power of the convention to do either. The Chair has suggested to friends of all the candidates that perchance, under the existing conditions, a recess would be wise ; but having made the suggestion, he has met with no favorable response. If no motion is made and that is in order at this time the Chair will order another roll-call ; but the Chair desires to state to the whole convention of 1,500 delegates what the parliamentary situation is." " Call the roll call the roll," was the instant response from a dozen voices. From a photograph by Alderman Frank L. Race, Chicago. FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: GOV. YATES, L. A. POOL, OF QUINCY, AND W. L. SACKETT, OF MORRIS, IN FRONT OF CONVENTION HALL. " The clerk will call the roll," said the chairman, " and gentle- men will be in order, because it will greatly facilitate the calling of the roll ; and the Chair states that the roll-calls from this time on will be speedily disposed of." [Applause.] PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 233 The calling of the roll then proceeded. The fourteenth ballot showed no substantial changes, and the fifteenth roll-call was com- menced. While it was in progress the candidates had a confer- ence and agreed upon a recess until 10 o'clock the following morning. State Senator O. F. Berry communicated the fact of the agreement to Chairman Cannon. Then the footings of the fifteenth ballot were announced. The Yates vote, which had gone down as low as 482 on the previous ballot, rose again to 495, a result that was greeted with cheers by his followers. The footings of this ballot were as follows : Yates, 495 ;. Lowden, 4059-66; Deneen, 38157-66; Hamlin, in; Warner, 36: Sher- man, 51 ; Pierce, 21. During the day the sergeants-at-arms and the police had been totally unable to cope with the immense crowd that had pushed its way into the convention hall. The result had been that the greatest disorder had prevailed throughout the day. Chairman Cannon was thoroughly aroused as he made the follow- ing announcement to the convention : The Chair desires to announce to the convention that on to-morrow, with the consent and authority of the State Central Committee, there will be a sufficient number of sergeants-at-arms and a detail of sufficient and efficient police force to police all the doors entering the building, and that no man will be permitted to enter upon the floor of the building unless he has a delegate's or alternate's ticket. Admitted to this platform will be people with platform tickets and members of the press only. To the gal- leries admission will be given to those holding gallery tickets. And I want to say that with this aid it will be done according to this announcement, unless this convention now prohibits it, and the Chair hears no objections. The day's work was over and the delegates were on their feet in anticipation of a motion to adjourn. At 10:28 Senator Berry moved that the convention take a recess until 10 o'clock the following morning. The motion was declared carried and the delegates, weary under the strain of the long session, made their way to the hotels and boarding houses. THE DEADLOCK HOW TO BREAK IT. The day was far from being over for the candidates for Governor and those closely associated with their fortunes in the contest. By this time the one fact that was clear to every- body was that the convention was in a deadlock. The situation was one that had not been anticipated by anybody. Instead of 234 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. a break in the ranks of any of the candidates, the delegates seemed to have settled down to the determination to stand by the candi- dates of their original choice. It was obvious that so long as they maintained this attitude a nomination was impossible. It seemed evident that the only possible solution of the prob- lem was to bring about a combination between two of the lead- ing candidates, or between one of the leading candidates and all of the minor ones. In the latter class were included Hamlin, Sherman, Warner and Pierce. All told, the minor candidates, as shown by the last ballot, had 219 votes. This number, of course, added to what either Yates, Lowden or Deneen already had, was still insufficient to nominate; but the theory was that if any candidate could secure as many as seven hundred votes the remaining fifty-two necessary to nominate would be forth- coming without much difficulty or delay. Word was brought to the Yates leaders late that night that plans had been practically consummated for the nomination of Judge Hamlin next day; that he would get the Lowden vote solid, as well as the Sherman and Pierce votes, and that enough Deneen men would join to nominate him. Investigation, however, failed to show that such a proposition was being seriously considered by any of the parties to the reported combination. The most feasible combination seemed to be between two of the three leading candidates ; and the one most discussed by the leaders as they gathered in little groups here and there through the hotel at midnight and later that night was a combination of the forces back of Yates and Lowden. Together, these two candi- dates had a total of nine hundred votes. It was admitted that neither could deliver absolutely all of his votes to the other; but it was the common belief that a successful alliance could be made between them. THE "ORGANIZATION." " The organization ought to control this nomination," was the expression of opinion uttered by scores of men who were allied with one or the other of the two candidates who were ranked as " organization " men. There was, of course, more or less ambiguity in the use of the term " organization." The word in a general way was understood to include the Cook county forces PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 235 controlled by Congressman Lorimer and his associates forces that were now backing Colonel Lowden and the forces in the country that were supporting Governor Yates. Colonel Warner, also, was generally looked upon as an " organi- zation " candidate. Deneen, Hamlin and Sherman were ranked as " anti-organization." These terms were not altogether accu- rate ; Mr. Deneen, for instance, had back of him what had recently become the " organization " in Cook county ; but those who From a photograph by F. H. Wagner, staff photographer Chicago Record-Herald. MR. DENEEN AND JUDGE SHERMAN EXCHANGE JOKES. FROM LEFT TO RIGHT OF PICTURE: HOMER J. TICE, OF GREENVIEW; REPRESENTATIVE WM. SCHLAGENHAUF, OF QUINCY; L. Y. SHERMAN; C. W. VAIL, OF CHICAGO; CHARLES S. DENEEN. made the plea that the " organization " should get together and agree upon the nominee referred generally to the forces sup- porting Yates and Lowden. Mr. Lorimer late that night was quoted as proposing a general " organization " caucus. But there was no chance to accomplish 236 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. anything by that means. There was one obstacle in the way of an agreement between the so-called organization candidates that it was impossible to overcome. This was to be found in the fact that such an agreement involved a surrender on the part of either Yates or Lowden. The Governor would not consider any suggestion of a combination, either with Lowden or with any other candidate, that did not contemplate his own nomina- tion. " Of all the candidates in this contest," he argued, " I am the last who should be expected to withdraw. I have gone "into this convention with more votes than any other candidate. I have practically one-half of the votes outside of Cook county. I have made my campaign before the people 'of Illinois, and the five hundred delegates I have are the response of the people to my appeal. It would be unjust to those who have supported me for me to retire now from this contest in favor of any other candidate whose support in the convention is far less than my own. It has been demonstrated that my delegates will stand by me. I feel every confidence that they will support me to the end. Under these circumstances, why should I be asked to withdraw ?" Colonel Lowden was quite as firm, unyielding and confident. The day's balloting certainly had been encouraging to him. He was the only one of the candidates who had ended the day with more votes than he had at its beginning. His vote on the first ballot was 354; it had gone up to 420 on the fourteenth ballot, and stood at 405 at the close. Yates had suffered a net loss of 12 votes; Deneen a loss of 5 votes; Hamlin, 10 votes; War- ner, 9 votes ; Sherman, 31 votes. There was no one in the Low- den camp who would listen for a moment that night to any suggestion of going to Yates. While it was admitted that Lowden had fewer votes than Yates, and, therefore, a slightly better reason for retiring in favor of him, yet his rising vote through the balloting of the day, and the probability that it would rise higher next day, furnished a sufficient answer to every suggestion of withdrawal or of entering a combination to nominate the Governor. The delegates the rank and file who were not to be classed as "leaders" or as the " lieutenants " of the candidates thus showed no signs of weakening. They were indifferent to the talk PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 237 of compromise or combinations. Already they had developed a pride in sticking to their respective candidates, and their watch- word had become, " Stand pat." No such loyalty to individuals had ever before been displayed in a State convention in Illinois. All talk of a " break-up " a condition of things that twenty- four hours before had been anticipated as likely to bring the contest to a close after four or five ballots was abandoned. " You could not break this deadlock with a gatling gun," Mr. Lorimer had commented as he stood watching the convention during the closing ballot that night. The result of the first day of balloting had given the leaders a different line to work upon. They had discovered that they could not expect to nomi- nate a candidate through a stampede or through the disintegra- tion of the forces of any of the candidates. The candidates themselves, it was clear, were masters of their delegates, and so in a sense were masters of the situation. It was, therefore, for two or more of the candidates to say when and under what circumstances and on what conditions they should join hands and end the deadlock, which already had surpassed all previous State convention contests. But the candidates were not ready to join hands. Each found his own inclination and judgment against combination or compromise, and each was supported in his view by the advice of those in whom he had the greatest confidence. The early hours of the morning found the candidates each making his way to his private apartments in the hotel, in the hope of securing a few short hours of rest before the renewal of the battle in the convention. 238 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. AT THE CONVENTION. THE POLITICIAN WHO IS "ON THE FENCE" IS HAVING AN EXCITING TIME. ONE THAT THE STATE COMMITTEE CANNOT DECIDE THE BEAUTT CONTEST BETWEEN SENATOR CttLLOM AND SPEAKER CANNON. THE CAMPAIGN MANAGERS GIVE OUT INFORMATION AS TO WHO WILL BE NOMINATED. Cartoon by Ralph Wilder. Reproduced from the Chicago Record-Herald, May 13, 1904. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 239 CHAPTER VI. THIRD DAY, SATURDAY, MAY 14 GOVERNOR YATES PRE- PARES FOR EMERGENCY HAMLIN STAMPEDE. " But of course," delegates argued, as they discussed the situation on their way over to convention hall Saturday morn- ing, the I4th " of course, the candidates will get together some time to-day and end this deadlock. They won't keep us here over Sunday." That, indeed, was the general expectation that before the close of the day a winning combination would be made. The public expected it. Yet if one could have read the minds of the three men who controlled in the aggregate more than 1,200 of the 1,500 delegates, and any two of whom, if agreed, could have ended the deadlock instantly, he would have discovered how groundless was the hope of an ending that day. Yates, Lowden and Deneen were as firm as they had been at mid- night even firmer than they had been before the first ballot was taken ; for each had been given new and impressive evi- dence of the loyalty of his delegates, and each determined in his own mind not to give up so long as there was a hope of victory. Yet no man not even one of the candidates who had risen to feel so sure of their own ground could tell what the day would bring forth. The air was full of mystery, of uncer- tainty, of the promise of unexpected happenings. No candidate knew who might be his political ally before the day should end. Some weeks afterward a most interesting fact came to light. It is said that, realizing that an emergency might arise which would make it desirable for him to address the convention, Governor Yates went to Chairman Cannon and stated that at some time during the proceedings he might ask for recognition. Mr. Cannon called attention to the fact that the Governor was not a delegate. The Governor replied that he held a proxy from a Morgan county delegate ; but the conven- 240 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. tion had just adopted a rule which shut out proxies. The possi- bility that he might be denied the privilege of the floor so impressed the Governor that he decided to take no chances, and on Saturday morning, when he walked into the convention, he carried with him a little package containing the placards of the several candidates. These placards would take the place of a speech. If a situation developed suddenly that appeared to justify him in throwing his support to Mr. Deneen, for instance, he had resolved, in case fie could not secure recognition which, under the rules, could have been denied him if objection had been made to stand upon his chair and wave before the con- CONGRESSMAN JOSEPH V. GRAFF. (PEORIA.) PROMINENT PARTY LEADER ACTIVE AT SPRINGFIELD IN EFFORTS TO BREAK THE DEADLOCK. Born at Terre Haute, Indiana, July i, 1854, and received his education in the public schools, graduating from the high school at the age of sixteen. He also attended Wabash College at Crawfordsville, Indiana, but never completed his collegiate course. He studied law and was admitted to the bar while living at Delavan, Illinois, in 1879. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention at Minneapolis in 1892 and has held the office of President of the Board of Education of Peoria. He never had held political office until his election to the Fifty-fourth Congress in 1894. He has been reflected to Congress at each succeeding election since that time. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 241 vention the Deneen placard. This incident indicates not only that the Governor was prepared for every contingency, but also the uncertain situation that existed in the convention on that Saturday morning, the third day of the convention. The doorkeepers, aided by uniformed police, made heroic efforts to carry out the strict orders given the night before by Chairman Cannon regarding admission to convention hall. The result was that fewer spectators crowded upon the floor to block the aisles. But the galleries were packed, as they had been on the two previous days. Before the proceedings began, the galleries became noisy. The impatience of the onlookers was exhibited in repeated cries of " roll-call !" "roll-call !" THE CHAIRMAN S GAVEL. CHAIRMAN CANNON'S NEW GAVEL. Chairman Cannon called the convention to order at 10 150. A few minutes earlier he had been presented with a gavel made from a Lincoln flagpole raised in Palmyra, Illinois, in 1860. He did not use the gavel, however. " Uncle Joe " had developed a fastidious taste in the matter of gavels. The gavel which had been provided for him on the first day was a heavy, clumsy mallet with a short handle. An attache of the Adjutant-General's department, Major W. D. Edwards, who had assisted in the preparation of the armory for the convention, had been inspired with the idea of making a gavel from one of the gun-cleaners that were to be found in the arsenal a long rod with a small knob at one end. Cutting off the end of the rod, he produced a neat little gavel with a handle about eighteen inches in length. This he laid upon the chairman's table. After giving the officially provided gavel a fair trial, and thereby nearly demolishing his table. Chairman Cannon impetuously cast the mallet under a 16 242 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. near-by press table and picked up the abbreviated gun-cleaner, which thereafter became the convention gavel. Chairman Cannon began the proceedings by ordering all on the floor who were not delegates to retire from the hall. " The Chair requests," said he, " that gentlemen, the friends of the respective candidates, all of whom I know can reap no advantage by the display of banners, will refrain from using banners that demonstrations be not made. One thing has been demonstrated by a two-day session. Thank God, these 1,500 men, however much they may be attached to their views, are men whom banners and huzzas do not affect. [Cheers.] The convention being in order, the clerk will call the roll." The secretary began the calling of the roll for the sixteenth ballot. Some changes from the last ballot taken the night before developed as the roll-call progressed. The most notable change was the shift of DeKalb county with its fifteen votes from Yates to Lowden. This was the signal for cheers from the Lowden delegates. The footings showed that Yates had fallen to 4724-5, while Lowden had risen to 428 but slight changes being shown in the totals for the other candidates. On the seventeenth ballot, Mr. Pierce was given 14 votes of Bureau county, thus raising his total to 34 the highest vote cast for him at any time during the balloting. DeKalb county returned to Yates. The Yates vote rose to 485 4-5 ; the Lowden vote dropped back to 407 ; Deneen lost slightly, his vote falling to 379. There was a long delay in the announcement of the eighteenth ballot, and a variety of rumors were in circulation as to what was transpiring. Chairman Cannon, Senator Hopkins and two or three other leaders left the platform. The Yates and Lowden managers were reported to be in conference. Mr. Hamlin was observed to leave his seat in response to a summons, and it was supposed that he had gone to join the conference. Presently the Governor's delegates who had left their seats returned to their places, and the word went out that the Yates forces were as unyielding as ever. It developed that the only result of the conference was an agreement upon a recess after the next ballot until 3 o'clock in the afternoon. The moment this agreement was reached, Chairman Cannon rapped the convention to order, announced the PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 243 result of the previous ballot and directed the secretary to call the roll for the nineteenth ballot. This was taken, with but slight changes. The Yates vote climbed up to 491 4-5, while Lowden lost slightly, his vote standing at 405. Deneen was also a loser, his vote going down to 376. Hamlin had gained, his vote rising to 1194-5. " There is no choice," said Chairman Cannon, vigorously, " and those who have not heard me will understand me when I say the result stands in statu quo ante bcllum" [Laughter.] It was now 1 140 P.M., and the convention, on motion of E. J. Murphy, the Yates floor leader, took a recess until 3 o'clock P.M. When the delegates came back at 3 o'clock they resumed the monotonous procedure of balloting. The changes on the twentieth ballot were almost too trivial to be mentioned. Alex- ander county, which had been dividing its vote between Yates and Lowden, provided a diversion by giving Warner five and Yates two votes. Washington divided evenly between Lowden and Deneen. Woodford gave Yates two votes. Then followed the twenty-first and twenty-second ballots, with few changes. Shortly before 4 o'clock in the afternoon rival Deneen and Yates demonstrations were started, and continued for some time. Deneen placards suddenly appeared all over the hall, in the hands of the cheering Deneen men. Then hundreds of little flags were unfurled by the Yates delegates, who united in deafen- ing cheers for their candidate. The bands in the galleries aided the demonstration, and when one of them began playing " We Won't Go Home Till Morning," almost every delegate in the hall arose and cheered. THE "LOST BAND WAGON." The incident of the afternoon came with the twenty-third ballot, when a Hamlin stampede was attempted. Mr. Hamlin himself was no party to the movement ; indeed, it came as' a complete surprise to him. A number of counties that had been voting for the candidates now voted solidly for Hamlin the number included Ford, Jackson, Jersey, Washington and Wood- ford. St. Clair divided its vote equally between Hamlin, Deneen and Lowden. A delegate ran through the aisles carrying a ban- ner reading: 244 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. " The lost Republican band-wagon has been found. Hatn- lin has it. Get in." For a time the excitement was intense. Judge Hamlin was observed to leave his seat and go over to the Cook county dele- gation arid confer with the Deneen leaders. This increased the enthusiasm of the Hamlin men. Returning, Judge Hamlin walked rapidly to Governor Yates, and talked with him for a moment. By this time a large number of the Yates delegates had gathered in the vicinity of the Governor, eager to ascertain what was transpiring. Governor Yates said to those about him : " My friends will go to their delegations and sit down." It was but a moment later when the Yates men started a demonstration. Again the little flags were uplifted and waved, amid deafening cheers. When the result of the ballot was announced it was found that Hamlin had received 148 4-5 votes a gain of 38 votes over the total received on the last previous ballot. Yates had lost but three votes the loss having fallen almost entirely on Low- den and Deneen the former's vote falling to 3934-5, and the latter's to 369. Warner had lost 9 votes, while Sherman had lost only i. The next ballot (the twenty- fourth) disclosed the failure of the Hamlin stampede, for his vote dropped to 135 4-5. Some amusement was created by the manner in which the vote of Adams county, the first on the roll-call, was announced by Major James E. Adams, who shouted belligerently: " Adams county, twenty votes for Yates, yesterday, to-day and forever." There was some shifting about of candidates on this ballot, but without materially affecting the totals. It was now 7:30 in the evening. For two hours, after each ballot there had been suggestions of adjournment among the leaders. During the twenty-second roll-call the Yates men had held a conference, and decided to oppose adjournment until the following Tuesday, which was understood to have been sug- gested by some of the Lowden leaders. But it was now clear to everybody that it was futile to prolong the balloting farther into the night. E. J. Murphy was recognized and moved an adjournment until 10 o'clock the following Monday morning a motion that was received with vigorous cries of " No !" " No !" PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 245 Chairman Cannon called attention to the fact that under the rules of the convention (which were the rules of the National House of Representatives) an adjournment would carry the convention over until 12 o'clock on Monday. Mr. Murphy then changed his motion so as to provide for a recess until 10 o'clock Monday morning. * A number of suggestions and proposed amendments^ followed, all relating to the date of reconvening. Frank Lindley, of Dan- ville, a Hamlin man, wanted to make the hour 2 o'clock Monday afternoon ; Congressman Fuller, of Boone county, proposed 10 o'clock the following Wednesday morning; another delegate wanted to make the hour 12 o'clock Monday. Martin B. Madden, of Cook, called attention to the fact that the Congressional district conventions in Cook county were to be held on the i6th and I7th of the month. " If this con- vention prevents us from holding our conventions," said he, " these district conventions will be unable to elect delegates to the national convention." The proceedings of the next ten minutes had no interest except to technical parliamentarians. At length the mass of amendments that had been offered were gotten out of the way and Chairman Cannon declared the question to be on a motion to take a recess until 2 o'clock the following Monday. On this question the volume of ayes and noes was so evenly divided that there were loud cries for a roll-call. " The Chair," said Chairman Cannon, " cannot determine whether there will be a roll-call until gentlemen sit down. It takes one-fifth of this convention to order a roll-call ; as many as are in favor of a roll-call will rise." The response was sufficient to indicate a strong desire for a roll-call, and the secretary began calling the roll of counties. It was soon evident that the motion would be carried over- whelmingly, and Chairman Cannon interrupted the roll-call to ask if there were any objections to dispensing with it. No objec- tions were offered and the question was again put to a viva voce vote and declared carried ; whereupon, at 7 :57 P.M., the convention was declared to stand adjourned until 2 o'clock the following Mondav afternoon. rpn **, -Sr* * v >* r t * ;>- 'V r s ^" * *!*** . * r ^%Lt *" >' -. y I^t?N- .ll^* 1 ^ C 5 ' * i :,r "JM * . *'"* ' 144 , '.lO* tt'*** % *; .* , "*'>* Br ^*- ' \\ i'. **' ) * ti i> * *V* .j^-*" * - PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 247 CHAPTER VII. THE SUNDAY RECESS QUIET DAY REMINISCENCES STATE AND NATIONAL CONVENTIONS OF 1880. Never was there a more welcome day of rest than that which came to the candidates and the delegates on Sunday, the I5th of May. The candidates and those directly connected with their campaigns had had their capacity for endurance taxed to the utmost. The strain upon them had commenced really months before ; and now following a strenuous campaign they had spent a week in Springfield, some of them with hardly enough sleep in the whole period to make one good night's rest. Saturday night, as they went off to their rooms in the hotel, several took extra precautions to prevent any disturbance of their slumbers. State Treasurer Fred A. Busse, one of the Deneen managers, who had been accustomed to being wakened at all hours of the night to be summoned into a conference, pinned on his door a card bearing the words : " Don't wake me until noon to-morrow under penalty of death." Many of the delegates, unable to get rooms, had been sleep- ing on cots in the corridors of the hotels or in a vacant store- room near by that had been converted into a temporary lodging house. Most of them had kept their clothes on continuously for a week. Many of the delegates on Saturday night hurried off to catch trains that would take them to their homes, where wives and families anxiously awaited them. Sunday morning found less than half of the delegates in Springfield. Nearly all of those who had come to the capital merely as onlookers had gone home, and the Leland hotel was comparatively deserted. The gubernatorial candidates were late in arising. They spent the day in comparative quiet. Governor Yates was up in time to be in his accustomed seat at the First Methodist Church. Later, he went to Jacksonville, where he spent a few hours with his aged mother, and came back to 248 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. Springfield in the evening. Colonel Lowden took a drive during the afternoon and then spent the rest of the day in his headquar- ters and around the hotel. Mr. Deneen, accompanied by Roy O. West, took a stroll out to Washington Park, nearly two miles away, and sat for an hour on a quiet hillside discussing with Mr. West the puzzling situation. Judge Hamlin spent most of the day with his family at his home on South Sixth street. Colonel Warner chatted with callers at his headquarters. Judge Sherman slept late. " While asleep, the devil may have been sowing tares," he remarked, with characteristic wit, " but I per- formed a religious duty by showing two Cook county delegates CONGRESSMAN GEORGE W. SMITH. (MUBPHYSBORO.) PROMINENT PARTY LEADER ACTIVE AT STATE CONVENTION. Born in Putnam county, Ohio, August 18, 1846, and was raised on a farm in Wayne county, Illinois, to which his father removed in 1850. He learned the trade of blacksmithing and received a common school education, later taking a course at McKendree College. He read law at Fairmount and took the law course at DePauw University, graduating in 1870, since which time he has resided and practiced his pro- fession in Murphysboro. In 1880 he was the Republican elector for his district and cast the vote for Garfield and Arthur. He was elected to and served in the Fifty-first, Fifty-second, Fifty-third, Fifty-fourth, Fifty-fifth, Fifty-sixth and Fifty-seventh Con- gresses and was reelected to the Fifty-eighth by a majority of 2,300. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 249 the way to the Baptist Church. They may have been going there to rob the contribution box, but that was no concern of mine." In the afternoon, Judge Sherman and his friend, Senator O. F. Berry, took a long walk and talked over the plans for the morrow. The delegates who remained in Springfield for the most part spent a quiet day. A few went to the ball game ; some strolled through the parks or along the shaded streets ; others went out to Lincoln monument ; many remained in their rooms, sleeping, or perhaps writing letters home, requesting a supply of clean linen, or making a draft on the home bank account. As the day wore away, they gathered in the lobby of the hotel or sat in groups on the broad walk outside, listening in turn to some one of their number explain how the deadlock was to be broken. All were good-natured and all evidently were in a mood to remain some time in Springfield. Not many professed to know how long the deadlock would continue, although the common expectation was that two or three days more would see the finish. "As to what the outcome will be I haven't any idea," Chair- man Cannon remarked, after the adjournment Saturday evening. " The delegates will return on Monday and bring with them reports of what the Republicans of the State are thinking of the contest. We may hear, also, whom the people want nomi- nated. Of course, we are going to nominate a Governor, but whether we will be a long time doing it, or complete the job in short order, depends upon the temper of the delegates when they come back on Monday." WOMEN SEND FOR TRUNKS. The candidates were all reticent when appealed to for an expression of opinion. So, also, were their lieutenants. Mr. Lorimer obviously hoped for some sort of a combination between Yates and Lowden as the logical solution of the deadlock. " Yates and Lowden," said he, " could combine and make the ticket. The situation is so unlike anything we have ever had that no man can predict the outcome." The ladies who had been in Springfield for a week in the interest of one or the other of the women candidates for university trustee made preparations for a long campaign. " We have sent for our trunks," said one of them, " and are prepared to stay here all summer." 250 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. Although the day was devoted largely to storing up energy for the days yet to come, and there was comparatively little activity on the part of the candidates, yet a good deal of quiet work was going on. The greatest aggressiveness was shown by the Lowden men, who were reported to have sent emissaries to " round up " some of the delegates who had gone home for the day. So far as the prospect of a growing vote was concerned, the situation appeared to be most favorable to Low- den. Influences that hitherto had been powerful were being exerted in his behalf. The preceding days had brought out the fact that he had secured the active support of Senator Cullom, practically all of the Congressmen and nearly all of the Federal officeholders who were in attendance at the convention. Speaker Cannon was understood to be committed to Lowden, although of course he did not permit his personal preference to sway him in the performance of his duties as chairman of the convention. As for Senator Hopkins, while the delegates presumed to be under his control had been supporting Yates, it was supposed that when the contest reached a certain stage he would throw his influence to Lowden. Sunday afternoon and evening most of the activity around the hotel was in the rooms occupied by Senator Cullom. There a few men, including Senators Cullom and Hopkins, Speaker Cannon, United States Marshal Ames, United States District Attorney Bethea, Congressman Lorimer and a number of the other Congressmen were in almost continuous conference. Two days of balloting . had developed a deadlock that had brought out impressively one important fact, namely, that prac- tically the only men who had any extensive influence with the delegates were the gubernatorial candidates themselves. Senators and Congressmen, who under ordinary conditions were all- powerful, found themselves unable to make an appreciable impres- sion upon the forces of any of the candidates. This situation grew out of the fact that the delegates had been selected on the single issue of the Governorship and now they were on the ground prepared to go to the last ditch with the candidate of their choice. In the Sunday conferences the possibility that none of the candidates then in the field would be able to secure the nomina- tion was clearlv recognized and all of that clav there was more or PART TWO: THE CONTENTION. 251 less discussion of prospective compromise candidates. Two of the candidates already before the convention were basing their claims upon their availability on a compromise basis. These were Colonel Warner and Mr. Pierce. But there were reasons appar- ent why a combination on either of them would be inexpedient : and the discussion hinged largely upon other names. Perhaps a dozen men were put on the " dark horse " list that day. " There are a hundred men in the State," Mr. Cannon is said to have remarked, " any one of whom would make an admirable candi- date for Governor." This was the feeling that there was no lack of material within the party if it should come to the selection of some one who had not previously figured in the fight. Among From a photograph by F. H. Wagner, staff photographer Chicago Record-Herald. COL. LOWDEN AND COL. A. J. LESTER, OF SPRINGFIELD, DISCUSSING THE SITUATION. those prominently talked about were ex-Governor Joseph W. Fifer, of Bloomington ; Col. A. C. Matthews, of Pittsfield ; E. J. Murphy, of Joliet ; ex-Congressman Walter Reeves, of Streator, and Graeme Stewart, of Chicago. Speaker Cannon 252 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. himself had been suggested, but he would not permit the sugges- tion to be seriously considered. But all of this talk about " dark horses " was tentative. The delegates themselves were not talking compromise. They were imbued thoroughly with the " stand pat " spirit, and were eager to follow the fortunes of one or the other of the half-dozen men who had made the campaign for the Governorship, and one of whom, it was generally felt, was by right entitled to the nomina- tion. TALK OF YATES-DENEEN COMBINATION. Rumors of a combination between Governor Yates and Mr. Deneen were rife. The general view of the situation was that Governor Yates, of all the candidates, was most strongly intrenched in his position. The reasons for this were several. In the first place, he had the larger number of delegates ; and, secondly, such was the nature of the rivalry between the Cook county leaders that it was popularly supposed that either Lowden or Deneen would prefer to see Yates nominated rather than witness the success of his rival. It was this situation in Cook county, more than the advantage which was to be found in the number of his delegates, that made the Governor more than any other candidate master of the situation. He was far stronger than he had been on the opening day of the convention ; for he had demonstrated his ability to hold his delegates solidly together. The fact that he could nominate either Lowden or Deneen held out the strong probability, as many of his friends believed, that he would force one or the other of the Chicago candidates to come to him eventually. Most of the talk about a Yates-Deneen combination that day contemplated the renomination of the Governor through the influence of Mr. Deneen. Any close student of the situation could perceive the change in sentiment that had come with regard to the Governor. The opposition to him had become perceptibly less ; the obstacles that in the beginning appeared to stand as an impassable barrier to an alliance between him and the Cook County State's Attorney had largely disappeared. Whether Yates and Deneen personally were parties to any proposition at that time, looking to an alliance, it is certain that their friends dis- cussed the matter freely and quite definitely, and there would PART TWO: THE CONTENTION. 253 have been no general surprise if on the following day the larger part of the Deneen delegates had joined in the nomination of Richard Yates. The great difficulty at that stage of the deadlock, as it had been previously, was that neither Yates, Deneen nor Lowden was willing to consider any compromise proposition that did not contemplate his own nomination. Obviously, therefore, there was no real opportunity open for any two of them to get together and reach an understanding that would end the deadlock. As the delegates whiled away the Sunday recess around the Leland hotel, many of them became reminiscent and talked of HON. B. F. SHAW. (DIXON.) EDITOR OF THE DIXON " TELEGRAPH " ONE OF THE FOUNDERS OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY IN tLLINOIS. Born in Waverly county, New York, in March, 1831, and has lived in Illinois since 1848. He has been connected with newspapers the greater part of his life and has attended every State convention of the Republican party since the first one at Bloom- ington in 1856, to which convention he was a delegate. He is one of the two survivors of the dozen or more editors who met in Decatur, February 22, 1856, and took the initial steps toward the organization of a new party (which became the Republican party) in Illinois. Mr. Shaw is at present the editor and proprietor of the Evening Telegraph of Dixon. In the campaign of 1903-4, he was an ardent supporter of Colonel Lowden. 254 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. former State conventions. The one man who could speak with the greatest authority of past conventions was Benjamin F. Shaw, editor of the Dixon Telegraph, who had been one of the dozen editors who, in 1856, had met in Decatur with Abra- ham Lincoln and had there taken the initial steps that led to the organization of the Republican party in Illinois. Mr. Shaw had attended every State convention in Illinois since the birth of the party, and at the present convention he had been given a seat of honor on the platform. The only convention in his lifetime experience that had furnished any parallel with this one was the State convention of 1880. STATE CONVENTION OF 1880. That convention, it was recalled, was in session three days. It convened at Springfield, May 19, and was presided over by Gen. Green B. Raum, an ex-member of Congress and at that time Commissioner of Internal Revenue. The party was split up over the presidential contest. General Grant, whose home was nominally in Illinois, was a candidate for a third term. His chief rival was James G. Elaine. The fight in Illinois was over the question of instructions for General Grant. The fight for the silent soldier was led by General John A. Logan, then United States Senator, and at the zenith of his fame and power. General Logan was ably assisted by Emory Storrs, of Chicago, who stood among the foremost political orators of that day. The opposition was led by General Hurlbut, Kirk Hawes, State Senator George Hunt, Dr. Joseph Robbins, of Quincy, and others equally prom- inent. The first day had been consumed with the organization and with the settling of contests the Grant delegates being seated. The second day was taken up with a debate over the appointment of delegates to the national convention the prop- osition being to have the delegates selected by a committee appointed by the chairman instead of being chosen by congres- sional caucuses, as had been the former custom. It was 9 6'clock at night when General Logan arose to address the convention. It was a warm evening and the General removed his coat as he mounted a chair to begin his speech. The address was listened to with the most intense interest by hundreds who crowded the galleries of Representatives' Hall. It was one of the most notable political speeches ever made in Illinois. It was 2 o'clock PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 255 the following morning before a vote was reached, and then Grant was victorious the test vote standing 389 to 304, and the vote on the resolution of instructions for Grant being even more decisively in his favor. The convention of 1880 was made notable also by the close contest for the Governorship. The candidates were Shelby M. Cullom, then incumbent of the office of Governor ; Gen. John I. Rinaker ; Gen. John B. Hawley ; Col. Greenbury L. Fort ; Col. Thomas Ridgway ; Col. Clark E. Carr and Gen. John C. MAJOR JAMES E. ADAMS. (QUINCY.) CHAIRMAN OF THE ADAMS COUNTY DELEGATION UNCOMPROMISING SUPPORTER OF GOVERNOR YATES. Born in Quincy, Illinois, July 15, 1848, and was educated in the public schools of that city and at Quincy Seminary. In April, 1864, he enlisted in Company A, i37th Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and served until the end of the war. He went to Texas in 1868 and engaged in the mercantile and banking business, returning to Quincy in 1892, where he has since engaged in the investment brokerage business. He was com- missioner of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri for ten years during a long residence in that State, and was a delegate to the Republican National Convention of 1880, being one of the " 306 " who supported President Grant for renomination, voting for him on thirty-six ballots. Major Adams has been more or less active in politics all his life and is now chairman of the Adams County Central Committee. 256 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. Smith. Cullom was far in the lead on the opening ballot, having twice the vote of General Rinaker, his nearest competitor; but Rinaker made such gains that the contest finally narrowed down to one between him and Cullom. Changing of votes during the roll-call was permitted under the rules governing the conven- tion, and this fact probably gave Cullom the nomination. On the fourth ballot General Rinaker was so near to victory that his nomination seemed assured. In the extensive changing of votes, Kankakee, Grundy and Marion counties and the Fifth Senatorial District of Cook county went to Cullom and gave him the neces- sary majority. The Republican National Convention of 1880 was also remem- bered by those who were looking for parallels in past conven- tions. In that convention, there was a deadlock which continued through thirty-six ballots, ending with the nomination of James A. Garfield, a " dark horse," who had come to the convention as the champion of Senator John Sherman, of Ohio. In that historic convention, General Grant's vote remained from begin- ning to end 306. It seemed now as if the spirit of the Grant legion of 1880 had become the heritage of the Yates forces in the Illinois deadlock of 1904; for at the head of the delegation from Adams county, the first county on the roll call, was Major James E. Adams, who had sat in the national convention in 1880 as one of the Grant " 306," and who had already brought renown to Adams county by casting its vote, " Twenty votes for Yates, yesterday, to-day and forever." Thus the past was scrutinized for other deadlocks, from whose course or termination some conclusion might be drawn. But it was all in vain. The deadlock then on was unlike anything that had happened in any former State convention ; and about the only thing that was to be gotten out of the reminiscences of the national convention of 1880 was that the end of this conven- tion might be one that at the beginning was entirely unexpected and unforeseen. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 257 CHAPTER VIII. MONDAY, MAY 16 CHAIRMAN CANNON RULES ON ABSENT DELEGATES FIVE BALLOTS TAKEN. Monday morning, the i6th of May, found the delegates reassembled at Springfield. The principal thing they found to talk about was a story in some of the newspapers that morning to the effect that on the previous Saturday, in the course of a conference between Senator Hopkins, Speaker Cannon, Congress- man Lorimer and Governor Yates, the Governor had been assured that if he would withdraw from the contest he would be appointed minister to the Republic of Mexico, and that the offer had been declined by the Governor. This story was neither publicly con- firmed nor publicly denied by any of the gentlemen who were declared to have been parties to the conference; but it was used effectively in strengthening the position of the Governor ; for it was argued that, if he could deliberately thrust aside so tempt- ing an opportunity, it was evident that he had faith in the out- come of his contest for the Governorship, and was in the fight to stay to the end. The fact that many of the delegates who had gone home Saturday night had not returned occasioned much uneasiness among the candidates. The reason of this was that the conven- tion had adopted a rule providing that absent delegates should be voted by the delegates present from the county, ward or dis- trict represented by the absentees. It was certain that for that day at least many counties would have only a minority of their delegates present. This situation promised some interesting com- plications. Suppose, for instance, that a county having ten votes had been casting seven votes for Yates and three for Lowden ; suppose only three delegates appeared to-day, and that all or a majority of them were Lowden delegates they would have the power to cast the entire ten votes of the county for Lowden. It was apparent that if this sort of thing happened in many coun- ties there would be an extensive change in the totals of the ballots. Attorney-General Hamlin had conferred with Speaker Cannon 17 258 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. the night before regarding this point, and in order to run no risks had wired many of his delegates to be back in Springfield on Monday. In order to avoid any possible embarrassment, Chairman Can- non Monday morning drafted a statement embodying his inter- pretation of the rule regarding absent delegates. This statement he personally submitted to each of the candidates for Governor, and, as it received their approval, he later read it to the con- vention when that body reassembled. The chairman's ruling was as follows : With the indulgence of the convention, the Chair desires to make a statement. The continued sessions of this convention, in the judgment of the Chair, render it proper, if not necessary, that the Chair should make a statement for the information of the convention. The convention, in its organization, by its action, made a roll of the convention, to which alone the Chair must refer in the event questions of the right to vote in the deliberations of the convention should arise. If there are alternates upon the roll, in the absence of the delegate for whom such alternate stands, the alternate becomes a delegate during the absence of the delegate. If a vote by a county or district is challenged, or some one has the proxy of the delegate, such vote, by proxy, can not be recognized by the Chair unless the proxy appears on the roll. The convention can see at once that the Chair has neither the ability nor the authority to recognize any one to act as a delegate, alternate or by proxy, except as such recognition appears upon the official roll. The convention adopted a rule as follows : "Resolved, That in case a vacancy occurs in any delegation in this convention, the delegates present in such delegation shall cast the full vote of such delegation." Many inquiries have been made of the Chair as to what construction should be given to this rule. After the best examination the Chair has been able to give, touching the question, the Chair states, that under this rule, to put the most extreme cases that can occur in its operation, the construction to be given would be as follows : To illustrate : Assuming that the vote of a district or county is ten votes, if there is one delegate present and nine absent, the Chair would rule that the one delegate could cast one vote for himself, and the other nine votes for the remainder of the delegation. Assuming that there are two delegates from such county or district present, each delegate should cast his own individual vote, and the two delegates, if they can agree how the other eight votes should be cast, would be permitted to cast the votes of the other eight delegates. If they do not agree how the votes of the absent delegates should be cast, then the eight votes could not be recorded, and would be lost. Assuming that there are three or more delegates present, the Chair would hold that each of the three could cast his own vote, and that the other seven votes would be cast according to the agreement of the three, if they agreed ; if they did not agree, the Chair would hold that the three constituted a quorum and that a majority of the quorum would determine how the seven votes of absent delegates should be cast. In other words, in construing the rule the Chair would treat the dele- gates present from each county or district as an organization that would act as a quorum would act in a legislative, municipal or other legal body. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 259 The Chair makes this announcement without embarrassment, for it is always within the power of a convention, acting by a majority, to deter- mine the qualifications and personnel of its delegates ; and it is always in the power of the same majority to overrule the Chair ; and if the ruling of the Chair is correct from a parliamentary standpoint, it is equally in the power of a majority of the delegates composing the convention to change its rules. HAMLIN GOVERNOR A HAMLIN BADGE. 260 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. THE DAY'S PROCEEDINGS. The convention session on Monday, May 16, was uneventful. It lasted but three and a half hours a token that Chairman Cannon, the candidates and everybody else realized that a dead- lock was on and that it would serve no purpose to prolong the sessions into the night, as had been done on previous days. Public interest in the convention was unabated. The hall and the galleries were filled, in spite of a cold, drizzling rain, all of the standing room being occupied. The seats of the absent delegates were filled by spectators who had been favored by some friend on the delegation having control of the vacant seats. Chairman Cannon called the convention to order promptly at 2 o'clock. There was a pause of five minutes. Then the chair- man again arose with his gavel and, turning to the platform back of him, occupied mostly by ladies, he bowed condescendingly and with a smile said : " This gallery will please gaze upon the resplendent form of the chairman." [Laughter.] Turning to the convention, Chairman Cannon read slowly and distinctly his statement, previously quoted, construing the rule regarding the voting of absent delegates. Then he ordered the roll-call " for the nomination of a candidate for Governor " an announce- ment that was received with applause and the twenty-fifth bal- lot was commenced. The convention was quiet and orderly and listened to the roll-call with expectant interest. So intent were the delegates and the thousands of spectators in their attention to the roll-call that, five minutes after the balloting had commenced, the entrance of Mr. Hamlin failed to create the slightest applause. Governor Yates, whose followers seldom failed in their enthusiasm, was already in his seat, having gotten in unobserved. It was soon clear that there were to be no material changes in the balloting that day. A few counties shifted about, but the totals were not far different from those on the last ballot of the previous Saturday night. The secretaries had gone extensively into fractions in making the footings, and the twenty-fifth ballot was announced as follows : Yates, 489 440-770; Lowden, 407 331-770; Deneen, 381 545-770; Ham- lin, in 440-770; Warner, 39 440-770; Sherman, 50 440-770; Pierce, 21 440-770. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 261 The convention had not been in session half an hour when the air was filled with the stifling tobacco smoke which had been such a source of annoyance on previous days. The rules pro- hibited smoking, but had by no means stopped it, even with the repeated warnings of the chairman. Chairman Cannon now again called attention to the nuisance, saying that " complaints have come in from many delegates that with the cloudy, damp condi- tion of the atmosphere outside, and the insufficient ventilation, the smoke is of considerable annoyance to many people. While the rules of the convention," he continued, "prohibit smoking, after all, it can not be prevented unless the 1,500 delegates will abstain, and the Chair will not seek to send the sergeant-at-arms to every delegate; but the Chair instructs the sergeant-at-arms and the police to stop these volcanoes standing up around next to the walls." [Laughter.] On the twentyrsixth ballot, Gideon Thompson, a delegate from the fourth commissioners' district from Cook county, varied the monotony by casting his vote for " the Hon. Joseph G. Can- non," but nobody else followed his example, and there was no stampede to " Uncle Joe." On the next ballot, Mr. Thompson resumed voting for Lowden. While the footings were being made on the twenty-seventh ballot, a glee club sang " Illinois," and the audience of ten thousand arose in their seats and joined in the chorus. " Uncle Joe " Cannon, using his gavel as a baton, beat time after the manner of an old-fashioned singing master, and the immense chorus followed the beats with astonishing unison. The conven- tion was now in an enthusiastic and turbulent mood. The hoist- ing of a Yates picture started rival demonstrations between the Yates and Deneen forces and suddenly the convention was in a state of wild confusion. While the rival factions shouted and waved banners, the bands played a variety of selections, includ- ing "We Won't Go Home Till Morning," "Hold the Fort," and " Almost Persuaded." While this demonstration was going on, a number of the leaders were gathered around Chairman Cannon on the platform. Daniel D. Healy, of Chicago, had brought up for submission to the chairman a resolution providing that after the following bal- lot the candidate receiving the lowest vote be. dropped on each succeeding ballot until a selection had been made. Chairman 262 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. Cannon agreed to permit the introduction of the resolution as soon as the pending ballot had been announced : but Mr. Healy failed to ask for recognition, and his plan for the breaking of the deadlock never got before the convention. The twenty-eighth and twenty-ninth ballots followed, with few changes. While the convention awaited the footings of the twenty-ninth ballot. Chairman Cannon announced that he had been advised that excursion or return tickets on the railroads would be good for twenty-four hours after the adjournment of the convention. " The Chair takes great pleasure," he said, " in making this announcement, on his own account as well as yours." The announcement was received with mingled laughter and applause. It W 7 as accepted as indicating that the railroads had taken official notice of the existence of the deadlock and its prob- able continuance, and as an assurance that delegates would not be obliged to leave the State capital on foot. At 5:46 P.M. the result of the twenty-ninth ballot was announced, and then on motion of J. H. Burke, of Cook county, seconded by E. J. Murphy, the convention took a recess until 10 o'clock the following morning. Thus, nothing had come of the afternoon of balloting, as, in fact, nothing really had been expected of it. The candidates had spent the afternoon in the convention without anxiety. All were in a cheerful mood. They moved here and there chat- ting with their followers, and occasionally meeting one another. Mr. Hamlin went over to the Deneen delegates and exchanged greetings with Fred A. Busse and other Deneen leaders. Gov- ernor Yates and Mr. Deneen several times during the afternoon met in the rear of the hall and greeted each other cordially and talked freely about the deadlock. Their meeting, however, was not looked upon as having any significance beyond showing the good feeling that existed personally between them. The words they exchanged had no reference to " combinations," " deals " or " alliances," or to anything in the nature of a proposi- tion or plan to break the deadlock. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 263 CHAPTER IX. DEADLOCK " DOPE " CONVENTION SCENES " UNCLE JOE " IN THE CHAIR CANDIDATES' MOVEMENTS. "What's the dope?" This was the question which the delegates asked one another as they came downstairs from their rooms and moved about the lobby of the Leland hotel. The word " dope," borrowed from the race-track, had obtained a fixed place in the vernacular of the deadlock. One never heard the inquiry, " What's the latest news?" or "What are the latest developments ?"- the invariable question on everybody's lips was, " What's the dope ?" The word was not at all inapt; a more dignified or respect- able term would not have described appropriately the rumors that seemed to start nowhere and to spread with lightning swiftness everywhere rumors that nobody seemed able to verify, but that everybody more or less believed. Many of these rumors were started by design ; they were carefully framed up in one of the political camps for a specific purpose, and were then skilfully started on their way. It is probable that at no time did a false rumor deliberately started in this way serve fully the purpose for which it was intended ; though several times rumors that turned out to be absolute fabrications came perilously near upsetting the plans of some of the candidates. Sometimes the " dope " fiend was met with an incredulous inquiry as to the origin of a new story. The reply was likely to be something like this : " Well, while I can't vouch for it, I got it from Smith, who told me that it came to him straight. Only a minute before I saw him talking to Jones over there in the corner, and I think Jones must have told him. Jones is in a position to know what he is talking about." Sometimes, though not often, it was possible to get informa- tion first hand. The great difficulty in getting at the " inside " of anything while the deadlock was on was that those who 264 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. were managing campaigns took every precaution to conceal their plans. When a conference was held, only their most trusted associates were admitted. It happened nearly always that one or more of those engaged in such a conference would later do more or less talking about it; but this talking was generally done guardedly, and the facts which leaked out formed but a fragment of what had actually transpired. On this Tuesday morning, the I7th of May, there was disap- pointment among the delegates. When they had retired the pre- vious night there was some prospect, according to rumors afloat, that some kind of a deal would be made during the night that would bring the deadlock to an early conclusion. But as they strolled through the hotel this morning, stopping one another here and there to inquire for the "latest dope," and then made their way into the dining-room, they heard only the story that the night had brought nothing that gave promise of the end. " All efforts to form winning combinations had failed," read one of the newspaper dispatches printed that morning. " In the series of conferences beginning after 9 o'clock in the evening and extending far into the morning, the most powerful influences were brought to bear to bring about a Yates-Deneen, and then a Yates-Lowden, combination, but the efforts had failed. The Governor would not consider any proposition involving his with- drawal or the delivery of his delegates to any other candidate. He said that, in the lead as he was, he would permit the conven- tion to adjourn, rather than withdraw. Endless combination schemes were suggested, but none could be found that would fit the situation. Finally the effort was abandoned, with the under- standing that if the day's balloting produced no result the con- ferences would be resumed." St. Louis Globe-Democrat, May 18. Yet no man could tell what a day might bring forth, and as the delegates after breakfast strolled in little groups over to the State armory they discussed the possibilities of the day and made guesses as to when and how a nomination would be made. The public interest in the convention had been maintained, without the slightest signs of falling off. Early that morning crowds were battling at the doors of the armory and streaming up the stairways into the galleries, to await what, in spite of the " dope " to the contrary, might nevertheless be the open- PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 265 ing of the last day of the convention. Again the plat- form " for distinguished guests " was filled with three hun- dred or more ladies, the wives and friends of candidates or others connected prominently with the convention. Mrs. Low- den, who had not been present during the first three days, had arrived on the preceding day, and occupied a conspicuous place with some friends on the platform. Mrs. Yates, as on previous days, was an interested spectator, sitting with a group of friends in a reserved space on the floor of the convention. Mrs. Hamlin, as before and subsequently, watched the proceedings from the front row of seats on the platform. Thus, of the wives of the four leading candidates, Mrs. Deneen was the only absentee. From a photograph by F. H. Wagner, staff photographer Chicago Record-Herald. JUDGE ELBRIDGE HANECY, WM. LORIMER AND A. H. JONES ON WAV TO CONVENTION. The ladies on the platform were among the most interested of the spectators to be found anywhere within the immense auditorium. Many of them, with roll-calls in their hands, regu- larly kept tab on the balloting, and became familiar with the peculiarities of every shifting county. By this time, remembering the experience of the first three days of the convention, many of 266 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. the ladies brought with them lunch boxes, and remained in their seats from morning until the falling of the gavel at night. It was a wearisome experience, yet all were eager to undergo it the next day for who knew what moment something would happen? And what disappointment could have been greater to one of these ladies than that which would have come from care- less absence from the convention at the moment of the climax? And so it came to pass the same familiar faces were observable on the platform from day to day, adding their cheerful gaiety to the convention. Sometimes, when the proceedings became monotonous, they fell to visiting, and more than once " Uncle Joe " Cannon was obliged to turn to the platform behind him, and, in his quaint fashion, invite the ladies to resume a state of quietude. HOW "UNCLE JOE" CANNON PRESIDED. " Uncle Joe " Cannon, as chairman, had already become the unique character of the convention. His countenance, his man- nerisms, his blunt, direct diction, the style of his apparel, all suggested a past generation an era distinguished by the num- ber of its strong, robust . public men, nearly all of whom had departed. His quaint, original wit was a never-failing source of merriment for those about him, and, generally, for the convention. In the first days of the balloting he had insisted upon exercising the prerogative of the presiding officer, and personally announced the result of every ballot. At first he had used a megaphone for this purpose; but as the balloting went on he got tired of the megaphone and cast it aside, and a little later he delegated to one of the secretaries the duty of announcing the results of ballots. Once in a while, though at rather rare intervals, he would turn his gavel over to somebody else, generally to engage in a conference in the privacy of some corner of the convention hall. Sometimes, as the roll-calls went monotonously along, he would arise and descend from his dais, a little platform that rose about twelve inches above the large platform occupied by the representatives of the press, and chat familiarly with the near-by newspaper men making humorous comments on the proceed- ings or perhaps requesting a chew of tobacco ; for " Uncle Joe," although obliged frequently to invoke the rule prohibiting smok- ing, held that " the rule is silent as to chewing," and having PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 267 sampled all of the tobacco in his vicinity, he usually singled out one newspaper man who carried a favorite brand of " fine cut." " ' Uncle Joe ' Cannon," wrote a newspaper correspondent at this stage of the deadlock, " finds it very difficult to maintain order in the convention. One reason for this is that the proceed- ings up to this time have consisted almost entirely of roll-calls. The crowd conies not to listen to roll-calls, unless they give promise of ' something doing.' After the call of a few counties, showing that no break is to occur, the galleries break loose into conversation ; the delegates leave their seats and move about and talk ; the ladies on the platform find it more interesting to visit than to listen to monotonous roll-calls. Thus the vast From a drawing by Charles E. Ditzel, made especially for this work. " UNCLE JOE " CANNON PRESIDING. auditorium is filled with a ceaseless roar. Col. J. R. B. Van Cleave, assistant secretary, whose well-trained, penetrating voice throws most of the roll-calls upon him, is obliged to give up now and then and appeal to the Chair to restore some semblance of order. ' Uncle Joe ' gets up, waves his hands up and down, 268 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. picks up his gavel a peculiar emblem of authority, which has been likened to a golf stick and, with his left hand, gives it a few long swings, making those near him dodge to avoid getting hit, and pounds his desk vigorously. Then, when he can make himself heard, he admonishes the galleries to 'cease con- versation.' Perhaps he will turn to the ladies on the platform back of him and smilingly ask them to ' preserve order.' To-day he went so far as to threaten to clear the galleries. The greatest din comes after the last county has been called, while the clerks are making up the footings, a task that usually occupies fifteen minutes or longer. The bands begin playing; perhaps the parti- sans of one of the candidates will start a demonstration; dele- gates become a lot of school boys, yell for their candidates and pelt one another with paper balls. The band music frequently appeals to the audience as exceedingly apt, as when the air is " Hold the Fort," " Almost Persuaded," " Home, Sweet Home," and sometimes hundreds of voices join in the chorus. One dele- gate carries a cow-bell. He is a Lowden man, but every demon- stration, no matter for what candidate, generally finds the bell ringing. Thus the tumult continues, with all sorts of variations, until the next roll-call begins." St. Louis Globe-Democrat, May 19. Every day since the beginning of the deadlock the most intense interest had been displayed on the streets of Springfield. In business houses, in offices, on the streets, nothing else was talked of. Everybody who was able to leave his regular duties was to be found in convention hall or in front of one of the bulletin boards at the newspaper offices. Business was almost suspended in the State capital. In other cities the same intense interest was manifested. Even the smaller hamlets of the State had arrangements for securing bulletins showing the progress of the balloting, and as these were posted on a blackboard, or per- haps read aloud in some corner grocery, cheers would go up from the crowd as one or the other of the candidates showed signs of a gain. Men in remote parts of the State, who had not attended the convention during its first days, packed their valises and hurried to Springfield to witness what they supposed would be the " finish " of the deadlock. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 269 DENEEN NOT OFTEN SEEN. The candidates and the party leaders who were taking an active part in the management of campaigns or in the innumerable efforts to break the deadlock had developed fixed habits in their movements about the convention hall. Mr. Deneen remained almost continuously in his " office " a room in the southeast corner of the building, with a door opening into the convention hall. It was not often that he was seen anywhere on the floor. Sometimes he made a brief visit to his delegates, and sometimes he took a stroll along the outskirts of the crowd. Of all the candi- dates, he was the most retiring and inconspicuous. He' appeared to have but little occasion to confer with his delegates. When any of the leaders wanted to see him they could rely generally upon finding him in his little corner office, or just outside of it, taking a long-range view of the proceedings. Governor Yates was almost continuously on the floor, sit- ting with the Morgan county delegates on the front row in the aisle chair. He was at all times in close touch with his dele- gates. His organization had been brought to even greater per- fection since the deadlock began. There were Yates men to be seen through the hall, wearing on their coat lapels little num- bered buttons, the highest of the numbers being twenty-five. These were the numbers of the Congressional districts of the State outside of Cook county, and the man who wore a num- bered button was responsible for carrying to the " county cap- tains," or to the chairmen of the county delegations in the district represented by his number, any message or direction which it was desired to communicate to the Yates delegates. The Gov- ernor was the general director of his own forces. The making of motions in the convention was delegated for the most part to E. J. Murphy, warden of the Joliet Penitentiary, the recognized floor leader of the Yates men. The Governor was frequently surrounded by a group of his lieutenants, discussing, in whis- pered tones, some question that had to be met in the course of the proceedings perhaps it was the matter of adjournment, perhaps a reported maneuver of the opposition, perhaps some other of a score of subjects that incessantly arose. Frequently the Governor would leave his seat and go to some other part of the hall perhaps to meet the representative of one of the other candidates. He rarely was seen on the platform, though 270 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. on two or three occasions he was to be seen chatting merrily with some friends on the " distinguished guests " platform. Occasionally, when there seemed to be " nothing doing " on the floor, he would join some friends in the little balcony in the rear of the platform, high above the floor of the convention. Colonel Lowden moved about in the most informal and unceremonious manner. Very much of the time he was to be found on the floor in the rear of the platform the only space in the hall that was comparatively free from the jam of the crowd. Here he was to be seen frequently talking with some of his lieutenants perhaps Judge Hanecy or Congressman Lori- mer perhaps half a dozen or more, including some of the local leaders in counties that were ranked as doubtful or waver- ing. This open space in the rear became almost the only available place for conferences. Occasionally there was to be seen in one of the telegraph rooms (the telegraph companies occupying the turret rooms in the northeast and northwest corners of the hall) a group of men who desired special privacy. At some time or other nearly all of the recognized leaders Senators Cullom and Hopkins, Speaker Cannon, Congressman Lorimer, Judge Hanecy, Lieutenant-Governor Northcott, Warden Murphy, A. H. Jones, John J. Brown, William Barret Ridgely, O. F. Berry and a score of others that might be mentioned were to be found in little groups in whispered conferences in a telegraph room, or somewhere in the broad open space already described a space that might have been designated " conference quarters," but which flippant and irrelevant persons called " con. alley." " To Speaker Cannon," wrote a newspaper correspondent, " the home of the ticking telegraph instrument did not seem a particularly safe place for private conversation. Once he looked suspiciously into the room during an early roll-call, and then dragged Lorimer to the extreme western wall of the building, where an angle in the brick wall created a more secure nook for a heart-to-heart talk. ' Uncle Joe's ' conference manners are different from those of Yates or Lowden, and to the disin- terested onlookers they appeared infinitely more effective. The straightforward American method is his. In his talks with Lori- mer, Mr. Cannon placed both hands upon the Congressman's shoulders and then talked straight at him, looking him squarely in the eyes. Lorimer made no attempt to meet this scrutiny, PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 271 THE YATES MAP. Greatly reduced. This map, which had a roll-call on the reverse side, was dis- tributed at the convention. It showed, in a rough way, the counties that had been carried by the Governor in his ante-convention campaign. Several counties were in contest, and he got no votes from Rock Island, Christian, Marion or Clinton. The other counties marked voted for him, solidly or in part, on the first ballot. 272 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. although he did not seem to dislike it." Chicago Tribune, May 15. Attorney-General Hamlin spent the greater part of his time on the floor of the convention, his seat being on the aisle with the Douglas county delegation that being a slightly more advantageous position than a seat with his own delegation from Shelby county. He kept a close watch of everything that hap- pened. He moved about freely, and often consulted with the Deneen and Sherman leaders. Colonel Warner divided his time between the chairman's platform and a seat with the DeWitt county delegation. He, too, was often to be seen engaged in a heart-to-heart talk in the " conference quarters." SHERMAN "WALKS 175 MILES." Judge Sherman's regular place was with the McDonough county delegation; but his nervous, restless temperament caused him to be constantly on the move, and by the beginning of the second week of the convention it was facetiously remarked that Sherman had walked 175 miles on the floor of the conven- tion. He was never on the platform, and was careful to remain as much as possible in the background. His delegates were all within easy reach and he kept in close touch with them. Four of the candidates had " offices " in the armory build- ing rooms which they occupied as headquarters while the convention was actually in session, and in which, before and after each session, their steering committees or advisers held meetings with more or less regularity. Governor Yates occupied the Adjutant-General's rooms, just inside and to the west of the main entrance at the south end of the building. Guards stood at the doorway to see that nobody got in who was not entitled to admission. A doorway opened into the military " clothing room," and here many of the Governor's larger meetings were held. When a meeting of all his delegates was desired, a large room upstairs, then vacant, was used. The Governor's advisory committee held regular meetings before and following each ses- sion, and there were frequent meetings of the " county captains." Mr. Deneen, as already stated, occupied a room which opened into the convention hall, and he was the only candidate who was to be found much in his " office " while the convention was in PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 273 session. Colonel Lowden and Judge Hamlin had adjoining rooms in the narrow corridor, extending eastward from the foyer, not far from the main entrance ; but neither Lowden nor Hamlin was often to be found there, unless to attend a meeting of his advisers or lieutenants. Neither Warner, Sherman nor Pierce had headquarters at the armory. In addition to the committees which had served him through the campaign, Governor Yates had, during the convention, a small steering committee consisting of E. J. Murphy, A. L. French, W. Scott Cowen and Dr. J. A. Wheeler, to which A. H. Jones was eventually added. This committee was relied upon for executive work of every kind. It frequently met a like com- mittee representing Colonel Lowden, when any proposition of common interest (such as the question of adjournment) was to be considered. The Lowden committee consisted of Congress- man Wm. Lorimer, Judge Hanecy, John M. Smyth and John C. Ames a committee which, perhaps, was never formally appointed, but whose members were generally recognized as the most authoritative representatives of Colonel Lowden. Mr. Deneen had a " Committee of Forty-four." The mem- bership list of this committee has not been preserved. Among the prominent members of the committee were James A. Reddick, James A. Pease, Fred A. Busse, John M. Harlan, F. E. Coyne, M. Walsh, Chester W. Church, John R. Thompson, Wallace Clark, J. G. Trainor, Clyde A. Morrison, Dr. J. B. McFatrich, Colonel Young, Congressman W. W. Wilson, Roy O. West, Charles W. Vail, John Utasch, John Anderson and E. R. Litzin- ger. Judge Hamlin had a steering committee selected about a week before the opening of the convention. This committee was constituted as follows : W. R. Jewell, Danville, Chairman ; E. D. Shurtleff, Marengo ; Judge Joseph N. Carter, Quincy ; R. K. Welch, Rockford ; Ben F. Funk, Bloom- ington ; Capt. J. W. Kitchell, Pana ; George T. Turner, Vandalia ; Judge A. K. Vickers, Vienna ; W. W. Duncan, Marion ; Charles G. Eckhart, Tuscola ; Judge W. C. Johns, Decatur ; Capt. M. F. Kainum, Decatur ; Frank Lindley, Danville ; John L. Hamilton, Hoopeston. 18 PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 275 CHAPTER X. TUESDAY, MAY 17 LOWDEN'S VOTE RISES DENEEN GETS SHERMAN VOTE "NO CHOICE." On Tuesday morning, the i/th of May, the Yates delegates marched in a body, with a band leading the procession, from the Leland hotel around the public square and over to the convention hall, arriving shortly before 10 o'clock. Each delegate wore on his hat a pasteboard bearing the legend, " You Are The Eter- nal Stayers "- the first letters printed in large type so as to spell " Yates." Into the convention were carried hundreds of Yates placards reading " Yates Let well enough alone," and many of them were attached to the wires stretching across the hall above the heads of the delegates. It was 10:23 when Chairman Cannon called the convention to order and said : "Gentlemen of the 'Convention: Are you willing to preserve for a few days longer the physical life of your chairman? If so, in a second or two, if such is your will, you will all stand on your feet, turn your faces, not toward the east, but toward the south, and let a corps of photographers snap-shot you. Is such your will yes or no? [Shouts of "Yes, yes!"] Then get on your feet and turn around." The delegates arose and the photograph was taken. At 10:28 the thirtieth roll-call was commenced. On the thirtieth ballot, the first important change came when Kane county, the home of Senator Hopkins, left Yates and cast twenty-six of its votes for Lowden, and there were prolonged cheers. There was trouble over the vote of Lake county. The vote was challenged, and the delegates were brought forward in front of the chairman's platform to be polled. It developed that the trouble had arisen from an attempt to vote an absent delegate, C. M. Brown. The challenge was made by E. P. DeWolf, of Waukegan. When the delegation appeared before the chairman, a roll-call showed four absentees Herman Bock, C. M. Brown, Samuel Black and Harrv Maimen. The resolu- 276 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. don of the county convention, instructing for Lowden, authoriz- ing the delegation to fill vacancies, and providing the unit rule, was read. E. P. DeWolf challenged the correctness of the docu- ment. Chairman Cannon : There is a question of fact that the Chair will ask the secretary to settle. Does the roll-call show anything of this paper from the Committee on Credentials reported to this convention and adopted by the convention? The secretary said the report of the committee contained nothing on the subject. A Lake county delegate answered that a certified copy had been filed. Chairman Cannon: The Chair is informed that this (exhibit- ing a list of delegates) is the roll of Lake county as adopted by this convention. This convention has acted. Gentlemen can see at once that the Chair has no authority, and if he had the author- ity, it would not be practicable for the Chair to force the con- vention to make a roll-call. Therefore, as this paper, so far as this convention is concerned, is an authentic paper, and as C. M. Brown is not present and as there is no alternate reported, and as there is no proxy for C. M. Brown reported and acted on by this convention, the vote of C. M. Brown can not be recorded. The four absentees were voted for Lowden. Of those present, E. P. DeWolf voted for Yates and G. H. Barnett voted for Deneen. The others voted for Lowden, the vote as announced standing: Lowden, n; Yates, i; Deneen, i. LOWDEN VOTE BEGINS TO SOAR. When the roll-call was completed, there were rival Lowden and Yates demonstrations, which lasted fifteen minutes. When quiet had been restored, the result of the thirtieth ballot was announced, as follows the fractions being omitted : Yates, 437 ; Lowden, 452 ; Deneen, 382 ; Hamlin, in; Warner, 44 ; Sherman, 51 ; Pierce, 21. On the thirty-first ballot, Will county left Yates and went over to Lowden. The other changes were not important. The result as announced stood : Yates, 431; Lowden. 473; Deneen, 383: Hamlin. 107: Warner, 32; Sherman, 50; Pierce, 22. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. Ill On the thirty-second ballot, in La Salle, Warner gained one from Sherman ; in Madison, Lowden lost one to Hamlin ; in Pike, Yates lost one to Hamlin ; in Wabash, Yates lost one to Lowden. The thirty-second ballot resulted : Yates, 429 ; Lowden, 473 ; Deneen, 383 ; Hamlin, 109 ; Warner, 33 ; Sherman, 49 ; Pierce, 22. The thirty-third roll-call showed no change until Gallatin was reached, when the four delegates divided equally between Hamlin and Yates. Jackson county voted one for Yates, five for Lowden and four for Deneen. Pulaski gave one of its Low- den votes to Warner. Wabash voted solidly for Yates. The ballot showed the Lowden vote to be on the wane. The result was : Yates, 428 ; Lowden, 467 ; Deneen, 387 ; Warner, 34 ; Sherman, 49 ; Pierce, 22. On the thirty-fourth ballot Yates regained the two votes in Gallatin which had gone to Hamlin. Warner lost one in La Salle, which had gone to Sherman. Lowden lost one and Hamlin gained one in Madison. Yates lost one and Hamlin gained one in Pike. When Chairman Cannon had announced the thirty-fourth ballot, he grimly remarked : '' The proceedings will now be varied by a roll-call." [Laugh- ter.] The first change in this (the thirty-fifth) roll-call was in the First Commissioners' District, which abandoned its fractional division and gave Yates a vote. Kane shifted from Lowden back to Yates, with twenty-five of its votes, amid great enthusiasm among the Yates men. McHenry followed the break from Low- den, and he lost five of his eleven votes there, Yates gaining two and Warner three. Yates lost one in Wabash, Warner get- ting it. Washington divided between Deneen and Lowden, the former gaining three of the latters votes. Will county returned to Yates, with its twenty-five votes, and the Yates people cheered lustily. Lowden lost one in Woodford, Deneen getting the vote. On the thirty-sixth ballot, Yates gained four Boone votes at the expense of Lowden, and the Yates people started a demon- stration, apparently believing that this additional strength would 278 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. bring about a break in the opposition. Jackson county divided its vote between Yates and Deneen, Yates gaining four and Deneen one at the expense of Lowden. Lowden also lost two votes in Madison, Hamlin getting them. In Wabash, Warner lost one to Yates. Deneen gained three Lowden votes in Wash- ington. While the thirty-sixth roll-call was being footed, the band played " Hold the Fort," the audience joining in the chorus. This was followed by " Almost Persuaded," " Marching Through Georgia," and " A Hot Time in the Old Town To-Night." The convention all the while was in a great uproar, the delegates shouting and the banners of candidates mostly of Deneen and Yates being waved all over the hall. The band kept up its wild concert, playing " We Won't Go Home Till Morning." A Yates procession bearing red and yellow placards reading " Yates Let well enough alone," marched through the aisles. Then there was a Hamlin procession, with placards held aloft reading, " Hamlin Harmony." It was observed that the Low- den men sat unmoved in their seats, not attempting a demonstra- tion for their candidate. The thirty-sixth ballot resulted : Yates, 492; Lowden, 390^2; Deneen, 398^2; Hamlin, HI; Warner, 37; Sherman, 51 ; Pierce, 22. At 2 155, immediately after the announcement of the thirty- sixth ballot, the convention, on motion of E. J. Murphy, took a recess until 8 o'clock P.M. EVENING SESSION. When the convention reconvened for the evening session, it was generally understood that only one ballot, and that a per- functory one, would be taken, but in the undercurrent there were rumors that some important changes would occur. At 8 :03, Chairman Cannon called the convention to order. A few minutes later Governor Yates came in at the head of the Morgan county delegation, and the band struck up " Onward, Christian Soldiers," and the Yates men joined in deafening cheers. As Boone county cast six of its votes for Yates, there was great cheering. Chairman Cannon said : Wkat a Delegate Wrote His Wife. Springfield, 111., May 17, 1904. MY DEAR: I wish, you would send me a shirt and six collars by express, and a suit of underwear. Hustle them if you can. If you could also express a couple nights of sound sleep and a cold fried chicken they would hit the right spot in yours truly. I am looking about for an eight room house. and if I can find one with southern exposure and good plumbing I think I'll have you and the children come on for the rest of the summer. I think we are going to skin the siege of Troy to death. Ajax Yates is defying lightning; Ulysses Cullom has drawn the ground plans of a wooden horse and- Achilles Lowden is sulking in his tent. We of the common Greeks and Trojans would be glad if we had a whple sized tent to sulk in. There are ten fellows 'in my room. I call it my room from habit. Some one is always going to "bed or getting up. You might send my soft hat also. I went to sleep during roll call yesterday and some skate fell off the chair and on me. They got my head oUt of my hat after ten minutes of pulling. Five minutes afterwards I was hit in the eye by a wad of paper. Thought for a wh-ile ''I'd have to put it in a sling. Dan Healy of Cook has the only right idea about this thing. He says they ought to get Buss"e, De- neen, French, Yates, Ames, Cullom, Lowden, Cannon, Bethea, Sherman, Warner, John Pierce, Mack Glenn, Hamlin, Murphy, and a few others and put them in a room with a dozen bailiffs as guards. Then let them out when they have agreed on -a verdict The only deadlock worse than this I ever knew was that one down at Pana where the republican sheriff had appointed a jury of six democrats and six republicans to see a man hanged. The republi- cans brought in a verdict of instantaneous death, but the democrats could not be persuaded the man was dead. That's the trouble up here. You can't persuade half the jury there are any corpses in the convention. I remember they once broke up a democratic town- ship caucus deadlock which was tied up in Hankin's barn by lettimg off a couple of pounds of dynamite under the floor and scattering the suffrages of intelligent voters. The only drawback was we car- ried the township that year because most of the democrats, were not able to be out on crutches when election time came. You might put in another suit of clothes arid make i,t two shirts. There isn't any carpet on the floor of my room. If you have a bit of rug you might send that. And don't forget some stockings There are no curtains to the -windows of my room, and as there are several buildings commanding a view of it I have to open the doorand get behind it to dress. There was a. riot this morning by ten men who wanted Ijo take a bath all at once. They were foolish. I gave up that idea' four days ago. HOMESICK CLIFFORD. Reproduced from the Chicago Tribune of May 19. This was the first of a series of witty letters that appeared in The Tribune during the deadlock, written by Clifford S. Raymond of the convention staff of that paper. On the fifty-first ballot for governor, an appreciative delegate cast " one vote for Clifford." 280 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. ''' The clerk will cease calling the roll until order is obtained. Business will be suspended until the birds are done singing." [Laughter.] The roll-call proved to be a duplicate of the thirty-sixth ballot until Hancock county, which had been voting ten for Sherman, threw its vote to Deneen, amid a great demonstration by the Deneen men. Henderson county followed by throwing its four votes to Deneen. Madison gave five of its votes to Deneen, and Sherman's ten votes in McDonough, four in Menard and eight in Mercer went to the Cook county State's Attorney. The Deneen people went wild with excitement over the delivery of the Sher- man strength, and the roll-call was concluded amid great con- fusion. SHERMAN GOES TO DENEEN. The thirty-seventh ballot resulted : . Yates, 487; Lowden, 395 1 / 2 ', Deneen, 445^2; Hamlin, 105; Warner, 37 ; Sherman, 6 ; Pierce, 22. The thirty-eighth ballot was ordered, and Boone county again changed its vote, announcing two votes for Yates, five for Low- den and one for Warner, a loss of four in the Yates column. Jackson gave Yates four votes and Hamlin one at the expense of Deneen. Sherman's two votes in La Salle went to Pierce, and the Sherman vote in Livingston went the same way. In McHenry, Warner lost one. Hamlin got three of the Low- den votes in Peoria. In Pike county, one of the Yates votes went to Deneen. The result of the thirty-eighth ballot was announced as fol- lows : Yates, 490; Lowden, 393}^; Deneen, 441^/2', Hamlin, 113; Warner. 37 ; Sherman, 2 ; Pierce, 25. After the announcement of the thirty-eighth ballot, James Monaghan, of Cook, a Lowden delegate, rose and started to move an adjournment. There were loud cries of "No, no, no!" from the Deneen men. Chairman Cannon : The gentleman from Cook addresses the Chair. As soon as the convention is in order the gentleman from Cook will be heard. The Chair recognizes the gentleman from Cook. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 281 Mr. Monaghan : I move you, Mr. Chairman, that this con- vention take a recess until n o'clock A.M. to-morrow. Mr. E. J. Murphy, the Yates floor leader, was already on his feet, beckoning for recognition. " I second the motion of the gentleman from Cook," said he. The motion to take a recess was put to a viva voce vote and declared carried, and at 9:25 the convention stood in recess until ii o'clock the following morning. Thus another day had ended without the breaking of the deadlock. If any candidate had reaped an advantage from the day, it undoubtedly was Governor Yates. For the first time the Lowden vote had gone as high as 473. This had not frightened either Yates or Deneen, the two candidates having most to fear from Lowden, for it was a result that had been anticipated and discounted ; but it served to develop some things that, in a retro- spective view, may be readily seen to have foretokened the end. It was perilous for both Yates and Deneen to permit the Lowden vote to soar. When it reached its highest point the Lowden man- agers wanted to adjourn for the day for the obvious reason that an adjournment then would leave Lowden in the strongest position of any candidate a position so strong as to make it certain that he would gain many recruits during the night. Nearly all of the delegates that had been gained for Lowden on Ins "high ballot" that day had been, won over from the Yates camp ; and \vhen the adjournment proposition was made the Governor sent word that every delegate who had been taken from him must be handed back on the next ballot. The big counties of Kane and Will returned, but a few scattering Yates votes were still outside the fold. " No," was the Governor's ultimatum, " there will be no adjournment until every one of those delegates has been returned to me." It was but natural that in this position he should have the support of the Deneen men, who were eagerly interested in sup- pressing the Lowden boom. The result was that at the close of the balloting for the afternoon, Yates and Lowden occupied practically their old places. But it was reserved for the closing hour of the night session for Yates to reach the climax of his generalship. In the afternoon he had combined with Deneen to prevent an adjournment at a time when the Lowden boom was 282 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. at high tide. In the evening, however, he united with Lowden to force an adjournment when a continuation of the day's session was desired by Deneen. The two incidents served to show how completely the Governor held the whip hand in the convention. THE NIGHT'S CONFERENCES. That night after adjournment the conferences were resumed over at the Leland hotel. The Lowden maneuver had been a failure ; but his delegates got together, and speeches were made by a number of the leaders, including Congressman Lorimer, Judge George W. Brown, of DuPage; William F. Bundy, of Centralia, and others, all declaring renewed allegiance to their can- didate. The Deneen men were elated over the transfer of the Sherman delegates to Deneen, which had occurred at the evening session a move that was expected to hasten the crisis. The night was one of the busiest for the candidates of the entire deadlock. Near midnight a newspaper man who went in quest of Governor Yates found him alone on the third floor, outside of one of the private conference rooms, smoking a cigar and quietly pacing the corridor. As his friend approached, the Governor smiled and said : " Well, we have had a great day." He then discussed freely the events of the day. " My committee of one hundred," he said, " had a meeting at the arsenal right after adjournment this evening. They went over the situation. It had been reported to the committee that there was no Yates sentiment among the Lowden delegates. The committee appointed a man from each Lowden county and ward to ascertain the number of Lowden men that will come to me in the event of a break-up. They have just reported to me that I will get in the neighborhood of three hundred. This may be too high ; but if I get two hundred of them I am nomi- nated." The day's developments had shown the improbability of a combination between Yates and Deneen, such as had been dis- cussed during the Sunday recess. During the afternoon the Gov- ernor had had an interview with Mr. Deneen and Roy O. West. An emissary who had been sent to Chicago to confer with cer- tain leaders with respect to the proposed Yates-Deneen alliance PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 283 had returned without accomplishing anything in that direction. It was clear that night that if Yates and Deneen were to get together it would be only after the deadlock had continued for some time longer. The leaders, however, did not give up the hope of such a combination ; and all through the night they pursued their negotiations. There were other conferences, too, between the Yates and the Lowden people, and it was far toward the dawn of another day before it became clear beyond a doubt that the work of the night had been fruitless. cO ^^ Q, m C0s Sfl 00}0 CO c^S e\J tO in^-t^) to* !o LO lO b GVJ ^ O l< 00 ^2 LO i a, 8 p 0) 5X, o-^ 1-1 c .*=> CO CO Q; L ^ i i ~ n LV, to * rv. ^r c: Bureau 14 | Tazewell 10 i m 3S * cvi (0 'g Q) 1 Wood for T3 0) c c o Oft c ^ Mc-Lean24 fO ^ 03 U UD -0 = CO CO 02 C .0 1 | KankaKee cO iDou^Ias C o ro S 02 "o 1 4-> m IV Champaign I? s: S x. CO Q) LO in re U f t lw f m m 2 ^^ X- , i > ~^~f B 0=1 i IS 1 -9 u . ^ g- ,c ' QJ ?5 fOt^ 1 CLJ 0 |c;o -0 ^ c c 1 cl (D Q) 2 !_ ^ O o C 00 o> us fr X o c b c u -+-' 3 S 8 a; x: t/S 1 K s x: US Q) ft ,o PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 285 CHAPTER XL WEDNESDAY, MAY 18 A FLOOD OF TELEGRAMS " STICK, DICK "^"LOWDEN FOREVER." It happened, therefore, that the morning of Wednesday, the 1 8th, came without a promise of a change in the situation. By this time the deadlock had become a thing of national interest. Men prominent in connection with it, either as candidates or as party leaders, were deluged with telegrams, including many from other States, some containing words of cheer, others words of criticism, and some of them suggestions for ending the deadlock. One message received by Chairman Cannon came from Balti- more, Maryland. It was signed by a school teacher, who requested tickets for admission to the convention. The messages received by Governor Yates were practically all of one tenor " Stick, Dick," " Hold the Fort," or words of a like meaning. Indeed, it is doubtful if any of the candidates got many messages of a different character. Their friends at home and all over the State appeared to glory in their pluck, and to have the idea firmly imbedded in their minds that the only thing necessary to assure ultimate victory was to stay in the fight. Again the galleries were filled long before the convening hour. There was the usual din and confusion in the hall. At 10:55 the Lowden delegates, headed by a band, marched into the hall. Their parade had started at the Leland hotel and, as they marched down the street, each delegate carried a placard reading, " Lowden Forever." Entering the hall, they paraded all of the aisles and made a noisy demonstration that continued for fifteen minutes. At ii :i2 the demonstration had partially subsided, and again the erect form of Chairman Cannon was seen to rise in the accus- tomed place. With his queer little gavel he rapped the conven- tion to order. There was some merriment at this moment created by the appearance of a Salvation Army lassie, who was walking through the aisles selling copies of the " War Cry "- a name sug- 286 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. gestive of the spirit of belligerency that was still rampant in the convention. The calling of the roll at once began for the thirty-ninth bal- lot. As it proceeded, it was evident that it would be without startling or sensational features. Boone county showed a slight change, giving one of its Low- den votes to Yates. Bureau gave Yates one, Lowden six, Deneen six, and Hamlin one, a gain of two for Lowden and one for Deneen ; Yates lost two and Warner one. The next change was in Knox county, where Yates, Lowden, Deneen, Hamlin and Warner each lost one, and Pierce gained five. Lowden lost two votes in Woodford, which went to Deneen. Yates and Lowden lost one each in Kane, which gave two of its votes to Warner. Lowden gained one and Hamlin two in Madison, at the expense of Deneen. The thirty-ninth ballot resulted : Yates, 483; Lowden, 396^; Deneen, 442^; Hamlin, 112; Warner, 36 ; Sherman, 2 ; Pierce, 30. On the fortieth ballot, Bureau gave one vote to Pierce at the expense of Deneen ; Yates lost one and Deneen one in Pike, the votes going to Warner. Hamlin lost one and Warner gained one in Richland. On the forty-first roll-call, the confusion on the floor became so great that the secretary could scarcely hear the responses. Finally Chairman Cannon ordered Assistant Secretary Van Cleave to cease calling the roll. " When you are quiet," said he, " we will go ahead. When you are ready to let the roll-call proceed, signify by saying nothing." [Laughter.] On this roll-call, Peoria gave one of its Lowden votes to Pierce. Lowden lost two votes and Warner gained one in Mon- roe. Yates gained two from Warner in Pike. Washington again divided, Lowden'gaining three votes from Deneen. Jersey shifted its four votes from Deneen to Lowden. When the result of the forty-first ballot had been announced, E. J. Murphy, the Yates floor leader, moved a recess until 3 o'clock P.M. Several of the delegates shouted, " Make it thirty days " ; but no one asked for recognition to offer an amendment, and the motion to recess until 3:00 P.M. prevailed. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 287 AFTERNOON SESSION. The convention reconvened at. 3:10, and Chairman Cannon, after making an appeal for better order, directed the secretary to call the roll for the forty-second ballot. Boone county was the first to change its vote. It gave three additional votes to Warner, Yates losing one and Lowden two. Yates lost one vote in Massac, Lowden getting it. The two Warner votes in Monroe also went to Lowden and the Warner vote in Pulaski was given to Pierce. While the clerks were getting the footings on the forty- second roll-call, the bands created much amusement by playing " In the Gloaming," " Home, Sweet Home," and " In the Sweet Bye and Bye," while the audience joined in singing the familiar choruses. Then the bands played other airs, including " Nearer, My God, to Thee," and " The Star Spangled Banner." Later came "Shall We Meet Beyond the River?" and "Almost Per- suaded." The forty-third roll-call was ordered, and Boone county again shifted, giving Hamlin five votes, two being taken from Lowden and three from Warner. Madison voted two votes for Walter Reeves, Lowden and Warner losing one each. Pike gave two votes to Deneen, at the expense of Yates. Richland transferred one vote from Hamlin to Warner. Chairman Cannon, during the forty-third roll-call, became exasperated at the ceaseless hum of conversation, and said : " The Chair will again caution the gallery. There must be a cessation of conversation, and if we do not have it in the future, the Chair will direct the sergeant-at-arms to clear the galleries." [Applause.] Chairman Cannon called ex-State Senator Condee, of Chicago, to the chair, while the forty-third roll-call was in progress. While the clerks were getting the footings, one of the bands played "Won't You Come Home, Bill Bailey?" and another responded by leading the big audience, which commenced to sing, " We Won't Go Home Till Morning." Before the roll was called for the forty-fourth ballot, Chair- man Cannon sent messengers into the galleries to announce that unless better order was preserved during the roll-calls he would order the galleries cleared. On the forty-fourth ballot, Boone county gave Yates one 288 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. and Lowden four additional votes at the expense of Hamlin. Madison dropped Reeves and gave Deneen one less vote, Low- den gaining two and Hamlin one. Richland gave Hamlin one at the expense of Warner. The delegates indulged in " horse play " and the throwing of paper wads while the clerks were counting the vote. One dele- gate who had been active in pelting his neighbors with bunches of campaign literature was turned upon by the delegates and run out of the hall, followed by a shower of paper missies, while the audience cheered the good-natured performance. from a photograph by F. H. Wagner, staff photographer Chicago Record-Herald. COL. WARNER AND E. J. MURPHY IN FRONT OF LELAND HOTEL. Immediately after the announcement of the forty-fourth bal- lot, the convention, on motion of John J. Brown, of Vandalia, a Yates delegate, took a recess until 8 o'clock that evening. EVENING SESSION. At the evening session, the galleries were again packed. As the delegates were assembling, W. P. Holden, of the Twelfth PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 289 Ward, and Charles Chamberlain, of the Thirteenth Ward, Chi- cago, marched down the aisles wearing white plug hats. These immediately aroused the good-natured ire of the men around them, and they were made targets for innumerable paper wads and the fun continued until the fall of the gavel, one of the wearers, taking turns, facing the fury of the storm while the other repaired damages and recovered his breath. Chairman Cannon called the convention to order at 8:10 and the calling of the roll for the forty-fifth ballot was com- menced. On the forty-fifth roll-call Bureau county gave one of its War- ner votes to Deneen. Madison gave one of its Hamlin votes to Deneen, and Pulaski shifted one vote to Pierce. During the call of the roll for the forty-sixth ballot, Walter Reeves, of Streator, occupied the chair. Boone county gave its Warner vote to Lowden ; Pierce gained one and Warner lost one in La Salle ; Yates gained two and Deneen lost two in Pike ; Hamlin gained one at the expense of Warner in Richland. On the forty-seventh ballot, Bureau gave Pierce two votes and Lowden and Deneen lost one each. In Richland, Pierce lost one and Hamlin gained it. The ballot resulted: Yates, 482; Lowden, 403^; Deneen, 432^; Hamlin, in; Warner, 38; Sherman, 2; Pierce, 33. Immediately after the commencement of the forty-seventh ballot, Fred A. Busse, of Cook, a Deneen delegate, moved a recess until 10 o'clock the following morning. The motion was promptly seconded by John J. Brown, of Vandalia, a Yates dele- gate. A Cook county delegate moved a recess until the 5th of July. Chairman Cannon : The amendment is not in order because it fixes a date for adjournment not provided by the rules. Fred A. Banta, of Woodford county, moved an amendment to make the hour 9 o'clock next morning, but this was voted down and the motion to take a recess until 10 o'clock the following morning prevailed. But the convention proceedings of themselves the ballots, the motions, the rulings of the chair formed but a small part of the events of this day, as indeed had been the case on almost every other day. All through the sessions, during the incessant 19 290 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. calling of the roll, party leaders were to be seen hurrying hither and thither through the convention hall, or gathered in little groups in that part of the hall that had become the common con- ference ground. Almost numberless suggestions had been made and talked about. Between the afternoon and evening sessions some of the Cook county delegates got together and prepared a resolution proposing to renominate all of the present State officers with the exception of State Treasurer, who, under the Constitu- tion, was ineligible to succeed himself. But the proposition did not get as far as the floor of the convention. While naturally the then incumbents of the State offices were favorable to it, the dele- gates were too thoroughly under the control of the several can- didates for Governor to listen to any suggestion that involved the abandonment of their candidates. Another proposition was then framed up by H. H. Gross, of Chicago, releasing delegates from their instructions. It was not then presented ; but subsequently, as we shall see later on, the same proposition, coming from another source, was voted on and adopted by the convention. YATES ADDRESSES DELEGATES. During the afternoon recess the Yates delegates marched in a body to the Executive Mansion grounds and were there addressed by the Governor, from the north portico. Then the entire body was photographed. In the course of his address to the delegates, Governor Yates thanked them for their loyal sup- port and urged them to continue to stand firm. He declared that any combination that was then in prospect, without the Yates delegates, would be unsuccessful. He mentioned the suggestion that had been made to refer the Governorship to a general Repub- lican primary to be held on the same day all over the State. He did not say whether he was for or against the plan, but his man- ner indicated that he would like to see it adopted. The events of the day, so far as they were perceptible in the convention procedings, were practically without meaning, except that there was no evidence of a weakening on the part of any of the candidates. There had been, in fact, no small degree of lassi- tude shown on the part of the delegates. There were many vacant chairs scattered through the hall, due to the fact that many had gone home, leaving a minority to vote the county or PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 291 ward delegation according to the manner agreed upon. Many of the delegations adopted the plan of serving in relays ; and that night the trains carried back to Chicago a large number of worn-out delegates, who, on their way, passed other trains carry- ing delegates to Springfield to take their places. This plan pro- vided a fresh body of delegates from a number of the Chicago wards. The most important conference held that night, according to the reports current at the time, was one between the Deneen and the Sherman men. Sherman had been voting his delegates for Deneen and it was now a question as to how much longer this course should be followed ; for it was evident that nothing would come of it unless a break could be made in some of the other forces. It was understood that a proposition to throw the com- bined Deneen and Sherman forces to Hamlin was under considera- tion. Then it was said that all three would combine on Mr. Sher- man. But the conferences, like all of those that had gone before, ended in nothing. The night was devoid even of important rumors. Governor Yates had gone to bed comparatively early. Colonel Lowden, after the evening adjournment, had gone over to the hotel, not to enter a caucus in some obscure part of the building, but to mingle with the delegates in the lobby. Congressman Lorimer and the other Lowden leaders sought their rooms early, in the hope of getting some much needed rest. All of this indicated that there was little activity anywhere except that already mentioned, in the Deneen, Sherman and Hamlin camps. " It is probable," wrote a newspaper correspondent that night, " that the deadlock will continue several days longer. The ' stand patters ' are evidently in an overwhelming majority, and there are intimations that weeks may pass before the solution comes. The Yates men are perfecting their organization to such a degree that they will be able to keep track of every individual delegate just as every individual member of the Legislature was looked after during the famous and sensational deadlocks in years past." Talk of a thirty-day recess had been indulged in ; but it appeared to meet with little favor from delegates, most of whom appeared to prefer to have the convention remain in session until the deadlock had been broken. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 293 CHAPTER XII. THURSDAY, MAY 19 CONGRESSMAN FULLER'S RESOLU- TIONFUTILE ATTEMPT AT YATES-LOWDEN COMBINATION. '' No signs of a break in the great deadlock," the delegates read in the glaring headlines of a Chicago paper as they arose on Thursday morning, the ipth of May, to begin another day of balloting. But almost every morning had dawned in much the same way, and the delegates had almost ceased to look for " signs," all more or less sharing the feeling that anything was possible that the deadlock might end unexpectedly at almost any moment, or that it might continue several weeks longer. The public evidently took the latter view ; for vacant seats in the galleries were the first signs of lagging interest that had been shown since the opening day of the convention. The convention was called to order by Chairman Cannon at 10:17. Congressman jCharles E. Fuller, of Boone county, was a moment later on his feet addressing the chair. He was recognized and said : Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Convention, This convention must recognize one fact above every other, and that is that we are here as Republicans. Nineteen years ago to-day, upon the ipth of May, the great- est deadlock in the history of the State of Illinois was broken and John A. Logan was elected Senator of the United States. [Cheers.] Let us do as well to-day and act here regardless of personal preferences and end this deadlock in the interest of the Republican party of this great State of Illinois. Let us think of Lincoln, of Grant and of Oglesby. I desire, sir, in the order of business here, to now offer a resolution that may be a solution of the problem which confronts us. Mr. Fuller then read the following resolution : Resolved, That in case a nomination for Governor is not made at the present session of this convention, further proceedings looking to the nomi- nation of a candidate for Governor be suspended and that at the next ses- sion of the convention after the recess the convention shall proceed in regular order to nominate the balance of the ticket, after which the roll- call shall be resumed for the nomination of a candidate for Governor. The resolution threw the convention into an uproar. Maj. James E. Adams, of Adams -county, leaped upon a chair and demanded recognition. 294 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. Chairman Cannon : The Chair desires to state that the gentleman from Boone county has offered a resolution. The gentleman from Boone has the floor, unless he yields it, upon that resolution. It is in his power at any time, which the gentleman no doubt will exercise with discretion and leniency, if he exercises it at all, to move the previous question, with or without amendment. That is the parliamentary situation. Now, then, subject to that, for what purpose does the gentleman rise? Major Adams: Adams county demands a roll-call on the resolution. Chairman Cannon : That will come in time. Mr. J. H. Burke, of Cook : I hold that we are acting under the rules of Congress and to suspend the rules of this convention would require a two-thirds vote of this convention. Chairman Cannon : If you will notice the rules, you will see that there is nothing in the rules to prohibit a resolution of this kind. [Applause.] It is not within the power, under any rule of Congress, so far as applicable to this convention, to prevent a majority of this conven- tion from enforcing its will. There is nothing in any rule of Congress, there is nothing in any action of this convention, that provides that the Governor shall be first nominated or that the Trustees of the University shall be first nominated. The convention, if a majority of it so desires, may begin in the middle and work both ways. [Laughter.] It may begin at the top and work down ; it may begin at the bottom and work up. Mr. Burke : I rise for information. Will the Chair please state how many votes of this convention are necessary to have a roll-call ? Chairman Cannon : The Constitution of the United -States and the Rules governing the House of Representatives provide that one-fifth of those present in the House demanding a yea and nay vote shall have the same. Now, then, we have adopted the rules of the House so far as appli- cable, and the Chair would say, in following those rules, that one-fifth of the delegates present can demand a roll-call. Mr. Burke : Under that, in behalf of the Deneen delegation in this convention, I ask for a roll-call. Major Adams: Adams county demands a roll-call. Chairman Cannon : There is no trouble about the opportunity being given to the convention to demand a roll-call, and have it, provided the requisite number demands it, and the Chair will ask all gentlemen desiring a roll-call upon this resolution to rise and stand in their places. THE FULLER RESOLUTION DEFEATED. Thereupon about one-fourth of the delegates stood up, many of them shouting " Roll-call ! Roll-call !" Chairman Cannon : There is a sufficient number, and the secretary will call the roll. The call of the roll then ensued. The resolution was lost yeas, 301; nays, 1,201. When the defeat of the Fuller resolution had been announced, Chairman Cannon ordered the forty-eighth ballot. The first change was in Boone county, where Yates lost one and Lowden two, while Warner gained three. In Bureau county, Lowden and Deneen each gained one and Pierce lost two. The first break in Chicago came in this ballot, when five of the Low- PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 295 den delegates in the Twentieth Ward went to Yates. In Pope, Deneen lost one, which went to Pierce. Warner and Hamlin gained one each in Richland. The forty-eighth roll-call resulted as follows : Yates, 486; Lowden, 397^; Deneen, 432^2; Hamlin, 112; Warner, 41; Sherman, 2; Pierce, 31. Before the announcement of the result of the forty-eighth bal- lot, Chairman Cannon said : The Chair desires to announce that another of that great profession that secures the shadow when the substance fades, known as a photog- rapher, representing all the illustrated papers of the world, as he says and, of course, what anybody says "goes" in this convention desires that the convention will rise in their seats and have the features of each dele- gate handed down to posterity. [Laughter.] The delegates then stood up and a photograph of the con- vention was taken. On the forty-eighth ballot, Boone county gave Yates a gain of one and Lowden a gain of two, at the expense of Warner. Champaign's two votes for Sherman went to Pierce. Henderson left Deneen and went to Sherman, the other Sherman delegates following. Sherman gained four in Menard, eight in Mercer and six in Warren, all of which Deneen lost. Pierce lost one in Pope, which went to Deneen. The forty-ninth ballot resulted : Yates, 487; Lowden, 399^; Deneen, 391^; Hamlin, in; Warner, 39; Sherman, 42; Pierce, 32. On the fiftieth roll-call the Sherman votes returned to Deneen and the usual changes were made in Bureau, Pulaski and Rich- land counties. The official vote stood : Yates. 486; Lowden, 399^2; Deneen, 431^; Hamlin, 113; Warner, 40; Pierce, 32. At 12:05, on motion of Fred A. Busse, the convention took a recess till 3 o'clock P.M. Previous to the reconvening of the convention for the after- noon session, two of the Chicago delegates created much amuse- ment by coming into the hall with sunbonnets on their heads, and inaugurating a mock demonstration for one of the woman candidates for university trustee. When the laughter had sub- sided, Chairman Cannon at 3:15 called the convention to order and directed the clerk to proceed with the fifty-first roll-call. Dur- 296 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. ing this call the Third Ward of Chicago cast one vote for " Home- sick Clifford," and another delegate contributed to the humor of the situation by hoisting a banner with this poetical inscription : Do they miss me at home? Do they miss me? 'Twould be an assurance most dear To know that some loved one were saying, " I wish he were here." In Boone, Yates lost one, Lowden two, and Warner gained three ; in the Third Ward (Chicago) Deneen lost one to " Home- sick Clifford " ; in Jackson, Warner got the solid vote, gaining eight, Yates losing two, Lowden four and Deneen two. On the fifty-second ballot, the only changes were in Kane county, where one of the Hamlin votes was given to Warner; in Richland, where the Hamlin vote went to Warner, and in Union, where Warner gained one from Deneen. On the fifty-third ballot, the usual changes were made in Kane, La Salle, Richland and Union counties ; and so it was through the fifty-fourth ballot, the only changes being in the shifting of the complimentary votes. LITTLE MISS MALTBY WIELDS THE GAVEL. It was during this ballot that the monotony was relieved for a few minutes by the introduction of a new presiding officer a little five-year-old girl, Virgene Maltby, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. W. W. Maltby, of Chicago. Little Miss Maltby, in her pink and while organdie, sat with her mother on the platform back of the chairman, looking at a picture of " Uncle Joe " Can- non and his grandchildren in a current magazine. " There is the gentleman now," said a lady near by. " Go and show him the picture." Virgene clambered down upon the chairman's dais and in a moment was alongside of " LTncle Joe," who, with a smile, took her upon his knee, and, as a further token of his con- sideration, gave her his gavel. For several minutes Virgene pounded the table, until the whole convention was attracted. In apparent appreciation of the honor, she held out to Mr. Can- non her bag of popcorn ; but he considerately refrained from par- taking of it. While the clerks were compiling the roll-call on the fifty- fourth ballot, the leaders held a conference and agreed upon a PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 297 recess until 8 o'clock P.M. Accordingly, as soon as the vote was announced, Senator Fred Lundin, of the Lowden delegation from Cook, moved a recess, and Judge W. A. Wall, of Pulaski, a Yates delegate, seconded the motion. " The Chair desires to state," said Speaker Cannon, " that by consent of two of the trinity, the Chair is now empowered to put a motion for a recess until 8 o'clock this evening." [Laugh- ter.] The motion prevailed without opposition and the convention stood in recess until 8:00 P.M. MISS VIRGENE MALTBY. FIVE-YEAR-OLD DAUGHTER OF MR. AND MRS. W. W. MALTBY, OF CHICAGO, TO WHOM " UNCLE JOE " CANNON SURRENDERED THE GAVEL FOR A FEW MINUTES. SEE P. 296. When the convention met at 8:12 for the evening session, there was a noticeable number of vacant chairs in the space reserved for delegates, although the galleries were again crowded. Without preliminaries of any character, Chairman Cannon 298 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. ordered the fifty-fifth roll-call. This ballot proved to be a dupli- cate of the last one taken before the recess, except for changes in the complimentary votes. When the result of the fifty-sixth ballot had been announced, the delegates set up a cry of " Roll-call ! Roll-call !" as if fearing that something else was to happen. " It seems to be the desire of the convention," said Chair- man Cannon, " to have another roll-call, and the Chair will order it as soon as there is order." A delegate : "I move that we dispense with the formality of a roll-call, and just announce the result." [Laughter.] On the fifty-seventh ballot, the Sherman votes in Hancock, Henderson, McDonough, Menard, Mercer and Warren counties returned to him. Pulaski also gave him a vote. The ballot resulted: Yates, 485 ; Lowden, 393^ ; Deneen, 388^ ; Warner, 54 ; Hamlin, 109; Sherman, 43 ; Pierce, 31. At 9:45, on motion of Senator Lundin, the convention took a recess until 10:00 A.M. the following day. MYSTERIOUS PROPHECIES A YATES-LOWDEN CONFER- ENCE. When the convention adjourned on that Thursday evening, tnere were predictions that the end of the deadlock was near prophecies that at the time were mysterious enough, for there was little on the surface to point either to an alliance of candi- dates or to a breaking up of their forces. " The contest will be settled before the end of this week," said Senator Hopkins to some newspaper men, who had asked him his opinion, as he was leaving the chairman's platform that night. The Senator did not go into details ; but he spoke with an assurance that indi- cated that there was something up the Senatorial sleeve. An hour later a newspaper man, circulating in the crowd over at the Leland hotel, found an unusual degree of confidence expressed by the Yates leaders that a nomination would be made on the following day. The only thing that was generally known at that moment that seemed to justify any such prediction was that Governor Yates and Colonel Lowden, with a number of their close advis- PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 299 ers, were engaged in a conference in the Governor's private office in the State armory. Extraordinary precautions had been taken to make sure that nothing of what was going on within should get to the curious ears outside. At the door and at the only acces- sible window were stationed husky guards who kept the inquisi- tive at a respectful distance. The nature of the conference was, of course, not generallv known at the time When it began, there From a photograph by J. Ellsworth Hare, staff photographer Chicago Inter Ocean. GOING TO THE CONVENTION. FROM LEFT TO RIGHT OF PICTURE, IN FRONT: E. J. MURPHY, GOV. YATES, CONGRESSMAN HOWARD M. SNAPP AND GEN. T. W. SCOTT. was nobody present except Governor Yates and Colonel Lowden ; and it was afterward understood that the withdrawal of Colonel Lowden was discussed tentatively. It is said that in the course of the conversation the United States Senatorship was discussed the proposition being to renominate Yates for Governor and to 300 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. make Lowden Senator in 1907 a deadlock " solution " that had been talked of frequently among the leaders. But Colonel Lowden was not a candidate for Senator ; he wanted to be Governor, and so did Yates. Nevertheless, the Senatorship, according to the current version of the conference, was a factor in the alliance that for the moment seemed in prospect. Finally, Colonel Low- den asked whether, in the event of his withdrawal, the Governor would agree to discontinue his opposition to Senator Cullom. It was at this point that the suggestion of calling in some of their advisers was made, and messengers were sent out to bring in a half-dozen men, including Congressman Lorimer, J. R. Cowley, Judge Hanecy, A. L. French, W. S. Cowen and E. J. Murphy. When, after the arrival of these gentlemen, the conference was resumed, it took a new turn entirely. Mr. Lorimer assumed direction of the negotiations, and presently the only question under consideration was how many delegates Lowden could deliver to Yates, or Yates to Lowden, as the case might be, in the event of the withdrawal of one of them. There was disap- pointment on the part of the Yates men when the conversation took this turn ; for they were not yet ready to listen to any suggestion of the withdrawal of the Governor, and had gone into the conference on the supposition that they were to consider only conditions and matters of detail connected with the proposed with- drawal of Colonel Lowden. That ended all talk of Colonel Lowden retiring from the con- test. Nevertheless, the matter was pursued farther along the line marked out by Mr. Lorimer, and a joint committee, consisting of E. J. Murphy, A. L. French, W. S. Cowen and Dr. J. A. Wheeler for Yates, and Congressman Wm. Lorimer, Judge Hanecy, John M. Smyth and John C. Ames for Lowden, went over to the Leland hotel and held a session in room 99. Abso- lutely nothing came of this meeting. It was apparent all the way through it that neither Yates nor Lowden had any intention of getting out of the fight that night. This was the nearest approach to an understanding arrived at between Governor Yates and Colonel Lowden at any time during the deadlock. Of course the possibility of a Yates-Lowden combination was never lost sight of ; perhaps a majority of the Yates and Lowden leaders regarded it as the logical and prob- able outcome, and there were negotiations between them with PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 301 that end in view ; but as for the Governor and Colonel Lowden personally, the night of Thursday, the iQth, found them nearer together nearer the consummation of an actual result than they had ever been before, and, as it turned out, nearer than they ever were afterward. The opinion was freely expressed subsequently that if Yates and Lowden had been left absolutely alone in their conference that night they would have come to an understanding that would have ended the deadlock on the follow- ing day. That is admittedly problematical ; but there seems to be little doubt that the arrival of Mr. Lorimer at a critical junc- ture turned the negotiations into a new channel, and for the time being cut off all chance of a Yates-Lowden combination for end- ing the deadlock. After midnight that night, Governor Yates was still at the Leland hotel, and it was understood that he had had a conference with Mr. Deneen. That conference, it subsequently transpired, had no reference to a combination, only the question of a pro- posed recess for a few days being discussed. NEWSPAPER ITEMS WE MAY EXPECT IF THE DEADLOCK LASTS. Mr. Hiram Popgood, who came down to Spring- field as a delegate, is building a handsome residence, which he and his family will occupy during the con- vention. Mr. Jamei Dingbatt, who has been missing for S6 many years, has been found. He had been attending the convention at Springfield. His wife, after mourn- ing him as dead, lias been married two times since he disappeared. Mr. James Dodson, a delegate to the republican state convention, returned home last night only to have a sad mishap befall him. It seems that his wife, not having seen him for so long, failed to recognize him and had him arrested as a burglar. Mr. Cyrus Buskirk, a prominent Lowden delegate, returned home yesterday on a freight train. When he/ went to the convention he rode on a Pullman. Mr. Buskirk was met at' Grand Crossing' bv his eldest son. Lowden J. Buskirk. Mr. William Billdad returned to Chicago yester- day after having attended the convention at Spring- field. He says Chicago has changed so much since he left that he wouldn't recognize the place if it were not for the cable cars. He spent the afternoon view- ing the new Field museum on the lake front. Mr. Applegate, a prominent republican who swore not to have his hair cut until a candidate was nom- inated for governor, was seen on our streets yesterday. His hair caught in a cable slot and he was dragged four blocks before the breaking of the cable released him. Mr. Arthur Drinkwatcr, who has teen in Spring- field during the convention, returned home yesterday and spent the day visiting relatives. Mr. \V. Lorimer, formerly a well known politician of Chicago, returned home yesterday. Mr. L. seemed to be vexed about something. Cartoon by McCutcheon. Reproduced from the Chicago Tribune of May 19, 1904. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 303 CHAPTER XIII. FRIDAY, MAY 20 A RECESS UNTIL THE 31 ST ATTEMPT TO FORM "COUNTRY" COMBINATION. Early on Friday morning, the 2Oth of May, Governor Yates, Colonel Lowden and Mr. Deneen reached an agrement to take a recess until May 31. As their delegates were in an overwhelming majority, their action settled the question of a recess ; but it was decided that, as a matter of courtesy, the other candidates ought to be consulted and accordingly the hour for the convening of the convention found the candidates for Governor assembling in the Governor's private office in the armory building. All were pres- ent except Mr. Deneen, who was represented by his campaign manager, Roy O. West. Colonel Warner was the only one who at all objected to a recess. The uncertain condition of things evidently had led him to believe that his own opportunity was near at hand. Finally, however, he withdrew his objections and the proposed recess was unanimously agreed upon. The candidates then went out into the convention hall. Meanwhile the convention had been called to order by Chair- man Cannon at 10:10, and as the candidates entered they found the fifty-eighth ballot in progress. This ballot, which showed no changes from the fifty-seventh except in the distribution of the complimentary votes, resulted as follows : Yates, 483; Lowden, 392^; Deneen, 385^; Hamlin, 113; Warner, 53 ; Sherman, 46 ; Pierce, 29. When the result of the fifty-eighth ballot had been announced, State Senator C. P. Gardner of La Salle arose and moved that the convention take a recess until 2 o'clock P.M. on the 3ist of May. There were a few protesting shouts of " no, no." Chair- man Cannon put the motion to a viva voce vote ; but the result was so uncertain that after a moment's hesitation he said : " The Chair is unable to decide. The clerk will call the roll." The roll-call was commenced and as soon as the delegates generally understood that a recess had been agreed upon by the 304 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. candidates the opposition disappeared and the motion for a recess was carried by a vote of 1414 to 88. At 10:50 the convention was declared in recess until May 31. Delegates and spectators had commenced a noisy stampede for the exits as soon as the roll-call had gotten well under way, and when it was completed the hall was almost deserted. Delegates exchanged good-bys and then hurried off to their trains, home- ward-bound. Thus ended the " first epoch," as the first part of the conven- tion came to be called. The afternoon trains took all of the can- didates out of town with the exception of the two who resided in Springfield Governor Yates and Attorney-General Hamlin. Within three hours after the adjournment the Leland hotel for two weeks the scene of greatest activity where the delegates had daily gathered and jostled one another in the dense crowd where candidates and lieutenants had held scores of mysterious conferences the place that had been the chief news center of the State and to a large extent of the entire country was as quiet and deserted as a country tavern. DELEGATES HOMEWARD-BOUND. As the delegates settled down on their trains that afternoon on their homeward journey they pondered over the remarkable character of the convention and guessed when and how it would end. No such State Convention had ever been known before. The actual sessions had covered eight days, and there had been seven days of balloting; and there was nobody who could see that a nomination was any nearer then than it had been on the first day, when Chairman Cannon had made the hopeful prophecy that the convention would get through its work by midnight. The convention had been remarkable, too, for the good feeling which had existed between the delegates, between the rival fac- tions, and between the candidates personally. The selection of Speaker Cannon as chairman of the convention had been fortunate. Had a bitter partisan been placed in the chair one willing to use the gavel to promote the interests of the candidate whose cause he championed it is impossible to say what might have hap- pened. One may readily imagine that the convention proceedings would have been stormy, producing scenes more boisterous and PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 305 " WHY IT IS PAf)\ BACK FROM THE SIEGE ON THE SANGAMON. Cartoon by M. Aleshire. Reproduced from the Chicago Inter Ocean of May 21. 20 306 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. sensational than any before witnessed in a similar assemblage. Under such conditions, rioting and bloodshed would have been almost certain. But the selection of Mr. Cannon for chairman gave everybody the assurance of a " square deal." Whatever might be his prefer- ence and one of his pronounced character could hardly be expected to be without an opinion or a preference nobody supposed for a moment that he would use his gavel to promote or to defeat any possible candidacy ; and in this expectation there was no disappointment. " Uncle Joe " wielded the gavel with eminent fairness and impartiality. He made no ruling that was not satisfactory to all of the candidates ; for it was sure to have a solid foundation in equity and in that exalted common sense which had distinguished the chairman throughout his long career. The good feeling that had prevailed was thus described in a newspaper dispatch, which appeared the day before the recess was taken : Throughout the long contest the best of good feeling has prevailed among the candidates. Governor Yates and Attorney-General Hamlin have met personally and exchanged good-natured repartee. Frank O. Lowden is personally popular with delegates and candidates, and Mr. Deneen, ex-Speaker Sherman, Mr. Hamlin and John H. Pierce frequently meet in friendly conversation. Colonel Lowden and James Pease were the center of a crowd this afternoon in the rear of the convention hall during a tedious roll-call. They talked politics, joked about the deadlock, and facetiously proposed the names of three friends for new candidates. " I have more friends and fewer delegates in your wards than in any place in Chicago," said Lowden to Pease. " And I have fewer friends and more delegates," added Pease. " You're all right, Frank, but I'm with the other fellow." " I favor you for a new candidate," said Lowden, as Pease turned to go. In the convention hall no quarrels or fights have occurred among the delegates. They have pelted each other with newspapers, thrown placards, pie-plates and lunch-boxes at each other, and knocked off each other's hats, but all in good temper. Occasionally a Deneen delegate has punched a hole with his cane or umbrella in a Lowden picture, or torn down his banner, but the offense was paid off by a return joke instead of a resort to the prize ring. Jokes have been played on members of the same delegation as freely as with an opponent. A delegate in Kane county went to sleep to-day. His neighbors covered his head with his overcoat and piled a bundle of papers on it. The Deneen people introduced a cow-bell adjunct to their lungs and a Lowden man purloined it. All the jokes have been harmless, though, and were the result of attempts to relieve the monotony of the long roll-calls. " It is a friendly fight," said a Lowden follower this afternoon. " We will be with the winner." PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 307 " If Yates can't win, we are for Lowden or Deneen," said one of the Governor's friends. " But we are in the fight to stay, just the same." It is agreed all around that the deadlock has not created any antag- onisms that did not exist before the convention, and that none of the unsuccessful competitors will sulk in his tent during the campaign. Chicago Inter Ocean, May 19. TALKING THINGS OVER. The men who were last in leaving the convention hall that morning were Judge Hanecy, Mr. Lorimer, A. Hanby Jones and John J. Brown. After the delegates had gone and there remained only the vacant seats, the clicking telegraph instrument and the imaginary echoes of fifty-eight roll-calls, these four men sitting together not far from the chairman's platform talked long and earnestly. They represented two of the leading candidates Yates and Lowden. As they sat there, Governor Yates and a number of his advisers were in conference in the Governor's private office in the opposite end of the building. The little con- ference on the convention floor lasted for perhaps forty minutes. Then Jones and Brown joined the Yates conference ; but they carried with them but little light on the situation. They appeared to be impressed with the belief that during the recess a desperate effort would be made to get enough recruits to nominate Colonel Lowden as soon as the convention reconvened on the 3ist of May. But between then and the 3ist of May ten days must pass and no one could foresee the possible developments. The prac- tical question that first had to be met was, what would the candi- dates do in the interim ? All of them with one exception decided to devote their attention mainly to keeping their delegates together, not neglecting, of course, to gain recruits wherever possible. Governor Yates decided not only to do this much, but he went farther and determined to make a short speech-making campaign in Chicago. Of course there was only a forlorn hope that he could accom- plish anything there ; but he argued that he had nothing to lose by a Chicago campaign, but on the other hand might gain some- thing ; and at any rate he would in a measure prepare Chicago delegates for a possible alliance with one of the two Chicago candidates that might result in the Governor's renomination. Accordingly on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday of the recess week Governor Yates made speeches in Chicago, holding noon-day 308 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. meetings at McVicker's Theater and speaking elsewhere in the evening, covering each of the three general divisions of the city. He found crowded houses everywhere and his audiences were responsive, sympathetic and enthusiastic. In his speeches he admitted that he was talking not so much to delegates, but to those who had made the delegates ; it was his evident purpose to create a friendly sentiment among the people, the constituents of the delegates. The possibility that the deadlock would continue for some weeks was generally apparent. During the session of the conven- tion on Friday morning, the 2Oth, Chairman Cannon had received a telegram from Lewistown, signed by J. H. De Wolf, reading as follows : " By request of Hearst Democratic Club of Fulton county, I have been authorized to notify you to vacate convention hall by June 14 " that being the date set for the Democratic State Convention. YATES, HAMLIN AND SHERMAN CONFER. The recess brought only one definite attempt on the part of candidates to get together in an alliance. Prior to that time Governor Yates had had conferences at some time during the deadlock with all of the candidates with the exception of Judge Sherman. The campaign preceding the convention had made two general divisions among the delegates the " organization " and the " anti-organization." In the latter were classed the forces of Deneen, Hamlin and Sherman, and these three candi- dates were more closely in touch with one another than any of the others. They were in conference every day during the dead- lock. They had cooperated with each other, and all of them sometimes with Yates, in the convention procedings on ques- tions of adjournment and like matters. Every candidate, how- ever, had proceeded with a view to promoting his own interests, and the recess promised little in the way of promoting combina- tions. A new proposition was brought out, however, during the recess week. Of the 1,502 delegates in the convention the country that is, the territory outside of Cook county had a trifle less than two-thirds. The greater part of the strength of Deneen and Lowden was concentrated in Cook county. If, by PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 309 some means, the country vote could be consolidated and cast for one man, that would mean the end of the deadlock. By this time the relations between the candidates had become such and the contest had reached such a stage that almost any combination was possible. Governor Yates took the initiative in an attempt to bring about a country combination. On Wednesday, the 25th of May, he and Judge Hamlin and Judge Sherman had a meeting at the Welling- ton hotel in Chicago, at which they alone were present. The question discussed was whether or not a successful combination between them could be made. The combined Yates-Hamlin- Sherman vote, as it had been disclosed on the balloting, was about 650. It required 752 to nominate ; but it was argued that if one of the three could secure as many as 650 votes the remain- ing 1 02 would be readily forthcoming from other sources. The great difficulty, however, was that no candidate felt in a position to influence his entire force to vote for either of the other candi- dates. Thus the scheme for a " country alliance " fell through and the three candidates returned to their homes to take up the fight where they had left off. LOWDEN PLANS FOR A STAMPEDE TO HIS BAND WAGON TODAY His Leaders Expect to Win a Number of Southern Counties from Yates, Besides Capturing Votes of DeKalb, Kane, Will, Fulton, and Grundy Delegates. CLIMAX OF THEIR EFFORTS TO BE RESERVED FOR TOMORROW His Managers Do Missionary Work Among Gov- ernor's Supporters from Lower Part of State and Assert They Meet with Success They Argue That "Organization Candidate" Should Be Nominated They Fear, Though, That "Last Ditch 1 ' Yates Men Mav Turn to Deenen. By a St'aff Correspondent. SPRINGFIELD, 111.. May 30. Colonel Frank O. .LowJen's friends are making an ag- gressive campaign for their candidate here tonight. Their program is to swing enough; delegates olemn services ol Memorial Day. let ns respond to this last call ol the livinii 1 and honor this battle-scarred vet- eran, statesman and patriot, and lie will lead ns to certain victory. DELEGATE. A WARNER HANDBILL. THIS WAS DISTRIBUTED AMONG THE DELEGATES WHEN THE CONVENTION RECONVENED MAY 31, AFTER THE ELEVEN-DAY RECESS. 314 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. vention; and the Chair desires to know what the will of the convention is. All those who are in favor of the enforcement of that rule literally, everywhere in the hall, during the sessions of the convention, will rise. Practically all of the delegates rose to their feet. When the negative vote was called for, only about half a dozen delegates stood up. Chairman Cannon : It is unanimous. There are not enough of you opposed to call the yeas and nays. Now, the Chair desires to say that he will instruct the sergeant-at-arms and his assistants, which includes all of the assistants, both the police and the deputy sheriffs, when they dis- cover any delegate smoking to request him to cease ; and if he does not cease, to report him to the Chair for the action of the convention. And the Chair further instructs the sergeant-at-arms that any individual in this hall, not a delegate, who is found smoking, shall be admonished and, if he does not cease, he shall be put out of the hall and kept out of the hall. A delegate: How about chewing? Chairman Cannon : The rule is silent on chewing. [Laughter.] The Chair desires to say to the convention further that a request was made of him about the time of the last adjournment of this convention for a verification or exemplification of the minutes of the convention. Under the rules, after such adjournment, on the reassembling of the House of Representatives and that also governs here the minutes or journal should be read, corrected if necessary, and approved. The Chair asked the secretary to prepare the minutes, and is assured by the secretary that they have been correctly prepared. The Chair has made a hasty examination and is of the opinion that they have correctly recorded the proceedings of this convention through its various sessions ; and, if there is no objection, without a reading, or with a reading if the conven- tion desires, the minutes will be considered approved. The Chair hears no objection. The last ballot failed to make a choice of a candidate for Governor, and under the rules it is now in order to call the roll, and the secretary will call the first county. The roll was then called for the fifty-ninth ballot. On the calling of the fifty-ninth ballot, when the county of Bureau was reached, the vote was announced " 7 Lowden, 5 Deneen, I Hamlin, I Pierce." The vote was challenged. C. E. Dalzell, of the Bureau delegation, said : " The gentleman who challenges this vote is neither an alternate nor a delegate." Chairman Cannon gaveled for order and asked : " Is there anybody from Bureau that challenges the vote?" Mr. Dalzell said : " The gentleman challenging the vote is neither a dele- gate nor an alternate and has no right in this convention." Chairman Cannon Is there no other challenge? (No reply.) Does the gentleman admit he is not a member of the convention ? The delegate who had challenged the vote, C. P. Lovejoy, replied : " My name is on the list. I have the list signed by the PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 315 chairman and secretary of our county convention. I would like to present it." Chairman Cannon : The Chair will call for the roll. The Chair will find out who is on the roll. What is the name of the gentleman that challenges the vote? " C. P. Lovejoy," was the answer. Chairman Cannon : The Chair finds on the roll which was reported from the Committee on Credentials and adopted by the convention, and which is the official roll, and which alone is the guide to the Chair as to the membership of the convention, the name, among others, of C. P. Lovejoy. [Applause.] Is that the gentleman who challenges the vote? Mr. Lovejoy: Yes, sir. I desire my one vote to be recorded for Richard Yates. Chairman Cannon : The gentleman will restrain his zeal and we will proceed under the rules. The clerk will call the roll of the delegates from Bureau county. The secretary called the name of Henry Stamburger. The response was " Lowden, one." " Stamburger is not here," Mr. Dalzell interrupted ; " this is his alternate, Mr. Max." ' There are no alternates upon this roll," said Chairman Cannon. On the poll of the delegation, 3 delegates voted for Lowden, 3 for Deneen, i for Hamlin and i for Yates. Chairman Cannon then said : There are six absentees. The Bureau delegates present who have answered to their names will proceed at once among themselves to deter- mine how the votes of the six absent shall be cast. If eight are present and participate in the meeting, five will determine how the six absent votes shall be cast. If only seven are present, four would determine. The con- vention will wait until the delegation acts and reports. The Chair will state to the Bureau delegation and to the convention that upon the official roll the names of the alternates do not appear, and until the convention may take action, in its wisdom, they cannot be recognized ; but for the purpose of this vote the eight delegates present will determine how the vote of the six absent delegates shall be cast. Mr. Dalzell : The delegates appointed by the county convention are present. The list was changed by our own committee. These gentle- men are the delegates and not the alternates ; they voted the last time the alternates voted the last time the day we had the delegates here. Chairman Cannon : The Chair is without power to make a roll. It is in the power of the convention. From what the gentleman says it seems, in the opinion of the Chair, that the convention should take action to correct the roll, but until that is done the names of the delegates or alternates not upon the list cannot be recognized. So, for the purpose of this vote at least, the eight gentlemen present, on the roll, will confer and determine how the votes of the six absent shall be cast. The members of the delegation, with alternates, had by this time ranged themselves in a row in the aisle before the chairman's 316 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. ATE CAMPAIGN COMMIT f 1004 MEMBER EXECUTIVE Loves a Fighter filllj THE WORb Hates a Quitter A YATES BADGE. This badge made its appearance May 31. There were four forms one for each of the Governor's several committees. It was the most elaborate and artistic badge that appeared during the deadlock. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 317 platform. One of the delegates announced " 6 for Pierce," and then withdrew the vote. The chairman suggested they retire to an anteroom and try to come to an agreement. Mr. Dalzell, after a few minutes of consultation, announced an agreement, and announced the vote as recorded on the fifty-ninth ballot, after which the delegation filed down the aisle to their seats, amid the laughter and cheers of the other delegates. On the fifty-ninth ballot the changes* were as follows : Sixteenth Ward, Chicago Deneen lost one to Lowden. Edwards county Warner lost one to Yates. Jackson Yates gained two, Lowden seven, Hamlin one all from Warner. La Salle Sherman gained one from Pierce. Madison Hamlin gained one and Sherman one, from Lowden. Mason Yates gained one from Warner. Peoria Hamlin gained two, Sherman two, from Lowden. Richland Hamlin gained one from Warner. Union Yates gained one from Warner. Woodford Lowden gained three from Hamlin. The fifty-ninth ballot resulted: Yates, 487; Lowden, 396^; Deneen, 383^2; Hamlin, 116; Warner, 41; Sherman, 50; Pierce, 28. On the sixtieth ballot the changes were as follows : La Salle county Sherman gained one from Warner. Peoria county Sherman gained two from Warner. Pike county Warner gained one from Yates. Richland county Warner gained one from Hamlin. Wabash county Warner gained two from Yates. On the sixty-first ballot the changes were as follows : Alexander Yates gained one from Lowden. Kane Deneen gained one from Warner. La Salle Sherman gained one from Warner. Wabash Warner gained one from Sherman. The sixty-first ballot resulted : Yates, 484; Lowden, 3985/2; Deneen, 384^; Hamlin, 116; Warner, 40; Sherman, 51 ; Pierce, 28. At 3 145 on motion of J. H. Burke of Cook, seconded by E. J. Murphy of Will, the convention took a recess until 10 o'clock the following morning. * The changes indicated in the ballots in the convention proceedings are those noted during the roll-calls, and are not in all cases complete. For detailed and accurate information as to each ballot, see Part Three of this volume. 318 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. The night of the 3ist of May was devoid of important develop- ments. There was a continuation of the talk of a Lowden stam- pede, which, it was believed, would come on the following day. The Yates general committee, consisting of a delegate from each Yates county, held a meeting after the convention adjournment and was. addressed by the Governor, who said that the failure of the opposition to make the predicted inroads upon his forces during the day had amounted to a substantial victory. Many speeches were made. Every declaration in favor of " standing pat " was loudly applauded. THE "IMMORTAL J. N." TRIES TO "LIFT THE PRESSURE." The delegates found some amusement during the evening by listening to repeated harangues, in the lobby of the Leland hotel, from a man who wore a silk hat and called himself the " Pro- fessor." He was a well-known " crank " who had turned up in Springfield frequently before on occasions of political excitement. Other " cranks " had been attracted by the deadlock. The " Im- mortal J. N." (his full name was J. N. Free), a character long familiar in every city in Illinois and the West an old man who, as the legend had it, had once been a brilliant lawyer, but who years ago had become a rambler over the country was on hand with his fantastic plans for " lifting the pressure," which was his special hobby. All of that week " J. N." was to be seen around the hotel, or on the floor of the convention just before the begin- ning of the sessions, making addresses on his favorite theme. " J. N." had been a wanderer as long ago as the Civil War, and he claimed acquaintance with the first Richard Yates. His tall, erect form, his piercing black eyes, his wrinkled, weather-brown face, his hair, falling on his shoulders, white from the snows of eighty winters, made him a weird and striking figure, as he rambled at will through the convention hall. The feeling was growing that in some manner a solution of the deadlock must be found speedily. Of the candidates, 'Mr. Sherman took the lead in propositions for the breaking of the deadlock. Before the recess he had announced his willingness to support any candidate who could command, independently of his delegates, 700 votes. Mr. Sherman had approximately fifty delegates who were ready to do absolutely as he suggested. But PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 319 he really was much stronger in the convention than his handful of delegates indicated. He had been a distinct force in the cam- paign and he had many friends who, because under instructions or because of local political conditions, were found voting for other candidates. He now renewed and emphasized his proposition, which of course would have nominated the candidate supported by the Sherman delegates. He was entirely impartial as between the other candidates in making the offer ; he made no exceptions and specifically stated that whenever Governor Yates had secured 700 delegates he could have the Sherman delegates also. Candidates for the most part found the evening without posi- tive developments. Governor Yates remained quietly in an upstairs room in the hotel until about 10 o'clock, when he left for the Executive Mansion, with the announcement that he was going to retire for the night. ^J-^J^ A 4' .- ,A=O snAs*^- ^^^ C 2 a gain of 173^2 votes on a single ballot; and on the next ballot he was to go higher. Changes on the seventieth ballot were as follows : Alexander county Lowden gained one from Yates. Bond Lowden gained one from Yates; Boone Lowden gained one from Yates. Bureau Lowden gained one and Pierce gained one, Deneen and Hamlin each losing one. Clark Lowden gained seven from Yates. Coles Lowden gained two votes, one from Yates and one from Warner. Sixth Ward (Chicago) Lowden gained one from Sherman. DeKalb Lowden gained one from Yates. DuPage Lowden gained one from Yates. Kane Lowden gained one from Deneen. Madison - Lowden gained one from Deneen. Pike Yates gained one from Lowden. St. Clair Lowden gained five votes, three from Hamlin and two from Deneen. Wayne Yates gained one from Deneen. Whiteside Hamlin gained one from Yates. Williamson Yates gained nine from Hamlin. Woodford Lowden gained two from Deneen. The seventieth ballot resulted : Yates, 381; Lowden, 6oi l / 2 ; Deneen, 351 J4; Hamlin, 74; Sherman, 43 ; Warner, 27 ; Pierce, 24. Changes on the seventy-first ballot were : Alexander county Yates gained one from Lowden. Bond Lowden gained two from Yates. Champaign Lowden gained two from Sherman. Coles Warner gained one from Lowden. DeKalb Yates gained two from Lowden. Menard Hamlin gained one from Lowden. St. Clair Lowden gained four from Deneen. Union Lowden gained one from Yates. Whiteside Warner gained one from Yates. The seventy-first ballot resulted as follows : Yates, 380; Lowden, 604^; Deneen, 347^2; Hamlin, 76; Warner, 29 ; Sherman, 41 ; Pierce, 24. 23 354 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. On the seventy-second roll-call the changes were as follows : Bond county Yates gained one from Lowden. Madison Lowden gained one from Hamlin. Menard Lowden gained two votes, one from Hamlin and one from Sherman. Saline Lowden gained six from Yates. Wahash Lowden gained one from Yates. Wayne Warner gained one from Yates. Williamson Hamlin gained one from Yates. The seventy-second roll-call resulted : Yates, 363 ; Lowden, 6141/2 ; Deneen, 347% ; Hamlin, 83 ; Warner, 30 ; Sherman, 40 ; Pierce, 24. The principal changes on the seventy-third roll-call were : DeKalb county Lowden gained one from Yates. Jefferson Yates gained one from Hamlin. Madison Lowden gained three from Hamlin. Monroe Lowden gained one from Yates. White Deneen gained two from Yates. Whiteside Yates gained two, one from Deneen and one from War- ner. Williamson Lowden gained nine from Hamlin and Yates. The seventy-third ballot resulted : Yates, 362; Lowden, 631^2 ; Deneen, 345^2 ; Hamlin, 70; Warner, 29; Sherman, 40; Pierce, 24. PASSING OF THE "HIGH-WATER MARK." Thus the Lowden vote had climbed upward for five ballots. All of the activity in the convention during these ballots had been on the part of the Lowden managers. The other candidates and their lieutenants became, for the time, mere on-lookers. Yates and Hamlin, most of the time, sat quietly in their accustomed places on the floor of the convention. Deneen remained in his little " office " in the far-off corner of the hall, coming to the door occasionally to hear the result of a ballot announced cool and undisturbed, as ever. Sherman was over with the McDonough delegation. Colonel Warner sat in a victoria, getting the fresh air, just outside the north door of the building. Here he was sought by the Lowden men, and summoned inside to a conference with Senator Cullom, but he refused to give up his delegates. So also they sent for Hamlin, and he went to " conference quarters," but he was unyielding. Xow it seemed to be understood that the Lowden vote had reached " high-water mark," and suddenly the Yates men and PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 355 the Deneen men sprang into activity. Deneen emerged from the gatling room ; the Yates lieutenants, who had been scattered on the outer edges some sitting on the gun carriages that had been pushed up into corners came back to their accustomed places. On the next ballot (the seventy-fourth) the Lowden vote began to decline. Among the changes on this ballot were the following : i H5Y 6MWOT BEAT HIM THE YATES BANNER. THIS WAS THE BANNER THE LOWERING OF WHICH THREW THE CONVENTION INTO UPROAR ON JUNE 2 ITS DIMENSIONS WERE ABOUT FIFTEEN BY TWENTY FEET. Alexander county Lowden gained one from Yates. Cumberland Lowden gained two from Yates. DeKalb Yates gained one from Lowden. Edwards Lowden gained one from Yates. Madison Hamlin gained one from Lowden. Menard Hamlin and Sherman gained one each from Lowden. Pulaski Lowden gained one from Hamlin. Vermilion Lowden gained one from Yates. 356 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. Wabash Yates gained one from Warner. Wayne Yates gained one from Warner. Williamson Yates gained one from Lowden. The seventy-fourth ballot resulted : Yates, 369 ; Lowden, 629^ ; Deneen, 345 y 2 ; Hamlin, 74 ; Warner, 28; Sherman, 41 ; Pierce, 24. A YATES BANNER COMES DOWN. The most exciting episode of the day one which for a few minutes promised a general riot in the convention came soon after the announcement of the seventy-fourth ballot. A big demonstration was started for Yates ; hundreds of Yates' placards went up all over the hall ; hundreds of men sprang to their feet and shouted for Yates. In the midst of this demonstration a Yates man climbed up over the front railing of the press platform to the chairman's left, and as he reached upward with the handle of an umbrella it was seen that he was trying to unfurl a huge banner, which was now observed for the first time. The banner had been carefully rolled up and attached to a girder just above and in front of the platform a few days before, and only a few had knowledge that it was there. Chairman Cannon, anticipating the movement, shouted : " Don't lower, that ban- ner!" But in a moment the man with the umbrella had caught the dangling cord, and down rolled the banner, displaying these words before the convention : " YATES FOR GOVERNOR." " Hold the fort for Yates, the winner ; We feel it in the air ; Hold the fort ; they cannot beat him ; Stick and he'll get there." " Take that banner down," Chairman Cannon ordered. On the platform were B. H. Brainerd, sheriff of Sangamon county, and W. J. Butler, of Springfield, and they, with two or three others, leaped upon the press tables, seized the banner and tore it from the girder above. As the banner fell to the floor below, it was caught by the Yates men, who started with it for the little balcony back of the platform. As they lowered it from the balcony the bottom came near enough to the floor below to be seized by an anti-Yates man, who attempted to pull it down. Sev- PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 357 eral Yates men standing near at once pounced upon the man and hurried him away. Then the banner was fastened up amid the wild cheers of the Yates delegates, and it remained there through the rest of the session. The disorder continued in the convention. Many of the Yates men had taken affront at the tearing down of the banner, and there was excitement and anger all over the hall. The pounding of the chairman's gavel was only motion, and " Uncle Joe " faced the convention in apparent dismay. In the melee on the platform Justice George Wood, of Chicago, who was acting as an assistant From a photograph by Alderman Frank L. Race, Chicago. MR. DENEEN AND JAMES REDDICK OUT FOR A WALK THE DAY BEFORE THE NOMINATION. secretary, was struck over the head with a banner by a man (who was not a delegate) who was grabbed by the police and ejected from the hall. It took fifteen minutes for the sergeants-at-arms and the police to get the delegates back into their seats. Then Chairman Can- non said : 358 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. '' I want the attention of the convention for thirty seconds. The rules of this convention will be enforced if it is in the power of the chairman to enforce them. For the little episode we had here a moment ago, I am sure Governor Yates is not responsible. In my judgment, overzealous friends thoughtlessly did what was done. By my order, as chairman of this convention, to preserve order, that banner, coming down after it had gone up against orders, was torn down ; and if it had been the banner of all the kings of all the world it would have come down. [Cheers, fol- lowed by great confusion.] We will proceed in order and the whooping beasts about here will not affect anybody. I say again [Here the chairman was interrupted by shouts of " Yates, Yates, Yates "] that for this howling mob Governor Yates is not responsible. The clerk will call .the roll." It was nearly 7 o'clock when the calling of the roll for the seventy-fifth ballot was begun. The principal changes on this ballot were as follows : Alexander Yates gained one from Lowden. Bond Lowden gained one from Yates. Bureau Yates gained one from Lowden. Cumberland Yates gained one from Lowden. DeKalb Yates gained one from Lowden. Edwards Yates gained one from Lowden. Gallatin Yates gained one from Lowden. Johnson Yates gained three frofn Lowden. Kane Yates gained one from Lowden. Knox Yates gained two and Deneen two, Hamlin, Warner. Sherman and Pierce each losing one. Madison Lowden gained three and Deneen one, Hamlin losing four. Menard Sherman gained two from Hamlin. Monroe Yates gained one from Lowden. Pulaski Hamlin gained two from Lowden. St. Clair Deneen gained two from Lowden. Vermilion Yates gained one from Hamlin. Wabash Wa,rner gained one from Lowden. White Yates gained one from Lowden. Williamson Hamlin gained one from Yates. Woodford Lowden gained three from Yates. The seventy-fifth ballot resulted : Yates. 373 ; Lowden, 509^2 ; Deneen. 355 ^ ; Hamlin, 81 ; Warner, 28; Sherman, 42; Pierce, 23. The changes on the seventy-sixth ballot were as follows : Bond county Yates gained one from Lowden. Bureau Lowden and Deneen each gained one. and Yates and Pierce each lost one. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 359 Cumberland ,Yates gained two from Lowden. Gallatin Lowden gained one from Yates. Johnson Yates gained two from Lowden. Peoria Hamlin and Sherman gained one each from Lowden. St. Clair Deneen gained two and Hamlin three from Lowden. Union Hamlin gained one from Lowden. Vermilion Hamlin gained one from Lowden. Wabash Yates gained one from Warner. Washington Deneen gained six from Lowden. Williamson Yates gained nine from Hamlin. The seventy-sixth ballot resulted as follows : Yates, 386; Lowden, 581^; Deneen, 364^ ; Hamlin, 78; Warner, 27; Sherman, 43 ; Pierce, 22. Among the changes on the seventy-seventh ballot were the following' : Bond count}' Yates gained two from Lowdeu. Bureau Deneen gained one from Hamlin. Clark Yates gained seven from Lowden. Coles Yates gained one from Lowden. Twelfth Ward (Chicago) Yates gained one from Deneen. Gallatin Yates gained two from Lowden. Knox Yates gained one, Hamlin one, Sherman one and Pierce two from Lowden. Massac Yates gained one from Lowden. Peoria Hamlin gained one from Sherman and one from Lowden. Union Warner gained one from Hamlin. Wayne Deneen gained one from Yates. White Yates gained two from Deneen. Woodford Hamlin gained three from Lowden. The seventy-seventh ballot resulted : Yates, 399; Lowden, 537^2; Deneen, 364^; Hamlin, 104; Warner, 28 ; Sherman, 45 ; Pierce, 24. On the seventy-eighth ballot the principal changes were : Bureau county Hamlin gained one from Deneen. Gallatin Lowden gained two from Yates. Johnson Lowden gained two from Yates. Knox - Yates and Deneen gained one each from Lowden. Pulaski Yates, Deneen and Warner each gained one, and Lowden lost one and Hamlin two. Saline Yates gained six from Lowden. Union Hamlin gained one from Warner. Vermilion Yates gained two from Hamlin. Wayne Yates gained one from Deneen. White Deneen gained one from Yates. The seventy-eighth ballot resulted : Yates, 405 ; Lowden, 532^2 ; Deneen, 365^2 ; Hamlin, 102 ; Warner, 28 ; Sherman, 45 ; Pierce, 24. At 8:02, on motion of O. F. Berry, of Hancock, the conven- tion took a recess until 10 o'clock the following morning. 360 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. THE LOWDEN BADGE. " Lowden Forever " became the battle-cry of the Lowden men early in the dead- lock. The words appeared on nvimerous badges; they were emblazoned on placards and banners; they were shouted on the streets and in the convention. It was Colonel Lowden's proud boast, at the end of the deadlock, that he had not once appealed to his delegates to stand by him, and that, on the last ballot, in the face of defeat, 522 men had paid him the homage of their votes. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 361 CHAPTER XVII. THURSDAY NIGHT'S CONFERENCES LOWDEN RALLIES HIS FORCES SENATOR HOPKINS DECLARES FOR LOWDEN. What happened that night followed logically the stirring and dramatic events of the day. When the convention adjourned that evening the vast majority who had witnessed the rise and then the decline of the Lowden vote believed that Colonel Lowden had reached the zenith of his strength in the balloting. While his vote was on its downward course Colonel Lowden sat talking with Judge Hamlin in the latter's customary place in the con- vention. " You have done as well, if not better," said Hamlin, " than any other candidate can do so long as the three leading candidates remain in the field." Colonel Lowden, as he sat there discussing the situation, did not attempt to conceal his disappoint- ment; for many counties that had been counted on to vote for him that afternoon had faltered, and his vote had fallen short of the calculations. But this was no time for barren regrets, and the chairman's gavel had scarcely fallen on the day's adjournment when Colonel Lowden and his lieutenants were on their way to the Leland hotel, there to begin preparations for another and final attack on the lines of the opposition. The recovery was rapid ; within two hours there was a most marked change in the situation. Again the Lowden star was in the ascendency, and by 10 o'clock his lieutenants were going through the hotel reiterating the prophecy that " Lowden will be nominated to-morrow sure" not in the perfunctory manner that so often marks the prediction of polit- ical managers, but in confident tones that bespoke their own belief that at last they were on the eve of victory. The day had brought a change in the relations of the candi- dates, and the change was made more pronounced by the happen- ings of the night. From the beginning of the deadlock in fact. 362 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. from the beginning of the campaign months before Governor Yates had been the largest individual factor, and he had had all of the other candidates to meet and to fight. But all was different the moment Lowden's vote rose to 631 ; for that moment he became, more seriously than ever before, a peril to every other candidate, and now that his forces were rallying for a final dash, he had every other candidate arrayed against him. It was clear that if Lowden was to be nominated, it would be without a combination with another candidate. As we have seen, the previous efforts at combination had been unavailing. The one regarded as the one most feasible and the most prob- able an alliance between Yates and Lowden had been given up as hopeless. The Governor and the Colonel had been in personal conference several times, and their respective lieu- tenants had been in close touch all through the deadlock ; but nothing had been accomplished. A Lowden-Deneen combination was out of the question ; for, in spite of pleasant personal rela- tions, the forces back of the two Cook county candidates were too much at war to permit, an alliance. Once while the conven- tion was in session, Deneen and Lowden had had a long confer- ence in the former's room adjoining the convention hall. They were together an hour and a half ; they discussed " the weather and the crops " and a great many other things. They even ventured some allusion to the deadlock, but not once did either of them propose anything akin to a combination. The accessions made by Lowden during the day had been gained " without the aid or consent " of any other candidate. They had been picked up here and there from all of the rival camps ; and now more were to be picked up in the same way. He was at this juncture the single aggressive candidate : all of the others had been forced to an attitude of defense. A YATES CONFERENCE. The first of the fast-flying rumors of the Lowden "' rally " Thursday evening, reaching the other candidates' headquarters, fell upon incredulous ears, but not many hours passed before they found confirmation and belief. Up in room 59 in a corner of the Leland hotel the Governor's steering committee was in session. The number present at this conference included the PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 363 following gentlemen : Governor Yates, E. J. Murphy, A. Han- by Jones, John J. Brown, W. S. Cowen, .Edward A. Hardt, Col. J. H. Strong, A. L. French, J. S. Neville, State Senator J. D. Putnam, Gen. James B. Smith, Gen. Thomas W. Scott, C. J. Doyle, George W. Hinman, Fred H. Rowe, J. E. McClure, T. J. Clark, C. M. Tinney, Dr. J. A. Wheeler, Dr. W. E. Taylor, Lieut. -Gov. W. A. Northcott, Major James E. Adams, Fred C. Dodds, C. E. Snively, W. L. Sackett, A. G. Murray and John Juneman. On the previous Sunday afternoon, in Chicago, while Gov- ernor Yates and W. Scott Cowen were out for a ride, the latter had suggested that a written pledge of continued support he drawn up and signed by the Governor's delegates. Action on the suggestion had been deferred until now, when the matter was under discussion by the steering committee. Finally a subcom- mittee, consisting of A. L. French, of Chapin ; George W. Hin- man, of Chicago, and Col. George T. Buckingham, of Danville, was appointed to draft the proposed agreement to " stand pat." The subcommittee, after being out a short time, came back with a form for signatures. After some discussion it was decided to get no signatures that night, but to wait until the next morning, when the paper would be signed at a meeting of the Governor's delegates to be held in an up-stairs room in the armory just before the opening of the convention. Midnight was near, and there seemed little more for the Yates steering committee to do before morning. Its members were sitting about the room, talking informally, some showing signs of weariness and making yawning announcements of intentions to go off to bed. Suddenly Governor Yates said : " I wish some of you gentlemen would go and see Senator Hopkins." What Senator Hopkins would do the next day had been talked about during the evening. On the day's balloting Kane county had gone to Lowden and had not returned to Yates ; nor had the other Hopkins counties come back. But Kane had gone to Lowden before, and had then switched back to the Governor. Would this happen again, or had the Hopkins counties gone over to remain in the Lowden column? Only Senator Hopkins himself could answer the question, and he might choose not to 364 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. answer it. But as much depended on it, it was worth while to put the question. And so, in a few minutes, most of those who had been in the Yates conference during the evening were on their way to Sen- ator Hopkins' room on another floor. Arriving at the room they found Congressman Lorimer with the Senator. Mr. Lorimer at once arose and walked out, remarking : " I don't suppose I ought to be in this conference." John J. Brown, of Vandalia, acted as spokesman for the com- mittee, and it is probable that his first words gave Senator Hop- kins the impression that the Yates men were getting ready to stack their arms. " We call to pay our respects," said Mr. Brown, " and to talk over the situation. We come as organization men. We expect to support the candidate of the organization." The committee came to the point at once, and Senator Hop- kins was asked if Kane county would return to the support of the Governor. " It will not," said he ; "I have embarked for Lowden, and I will stay with him. I no longer believe the Governor's nomina- tion a possibility ; in fact, I have been convinced, since the first two or three days of the convention, that he cannot be nominated. Now it is clearer to me than ever." Then the Senator made a plea for the " organization." "Of course," he said, " we must maintain the organization. That is more important than the success of any individual. I have heard some talk about Yates and his friends going to Deneen. I do not believe they will do that. They have too much sense to do it, for that would mean the breaking up of the organization the elimination of Yates, of you gentlemen, and of myself. They certainly do not want to ruin the organization." Several members of the committee asked questions. The future relations of Senator Cullom to the " organization " in the event of Colonel Lowden's nomination were discussed. Senator Hopkins denied that the senior Senator was to be a part of the " organization," so far as he had any knowledge of the matter. " Senator Hopkins," asked Col. J. H. Strong, " let me ask you this question : If Governor Yates throws his support to Colonel Lowden, will you hereafter work as persistently for the PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 365 election of Governor Yates to the United States Senate as Gov- ernor Yates and his friends worked for you ?" The question evidently was taken as an affront by the Sen- ator, for he answered with some show of feeling: " If a responsible person were to ask me that question, I would give it consideration and an answer. If Governor Yates were to ask it, I would be pleased to discuss the matter with him." The outspoken, confident tone of Senator Hopkins all through the interview made it plain that the Governor could expect no further support from him. That was the report which the com- JUDGE JAMES E. McCLURE. (CARLINVILLE). EDITOR CARLINVILLE "DEMOCRAT" PROMINENT IN YATES CAMPAIGN AND IN CONVENTION. Born on a farm near Carlinville, Illinois, August n, 1867; removed to Carlinville with his parents in 1883; educated in the country school and at Blackburn University, graduating in 1887. After graduation, he taught school three years; then he read law and was admitted to the bar in 1893. In 1894, he was elected County Superintendent of Schools and served four years. Next he was a deputy under Richard Yates, then Internal Revenue Collector. He practiced law from 1899 to 1901, when he purchased the Carlinville Democrat, of which he has since been the editor and publisher. By appointment of Governor Yates he has served as a Commissioner of the Southern Illi- nois Penitentiary and also as a member of the State Court of Claims. He has served two terms as chairman of the Macoupin County Central Committee. He was married in 1897 and has a daughter four years of age. 366 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. mittee carried back to Governor Yates, who was waiting its return in room 59. HAMLIN GETS A "STRAIGHT TIP." The midnight hour was big with events destined to bring the long-expected crisis. While the Yates committee was waiting on Senator Hopkins, two of Judge Hamlin's lieutenants in whom he had the greatest confidence (Frank Lindley, of Danville, and John L. Hamilton, of Hoopeston) came to him with the most authentic information that Colonel Lowden would be nominated the next day by the vote of a dozen or' more counties that had broken away from other candidates. Had this been a mere rumor it might have deserved but slight attention, but it came from a source that could not be questioned. The first move by Judge Hamlin was to send for Mr. Deneen. That gentleman came down in a few minutes from his room up- stairs and he and the Attorney-General had a conference. Each expressed a willingness to help nominate the other, as conditions might appear to make expedient. " You had better see Yates," Hamlin finally suggested, " and see what he is willing to do." And then Deneen went back up- stairs. A few minutes before his interview with Deneen Judge Ham- lin had had a talk with Judge Sherman and State Senator O. F. Berry. The former had been under a promise the same promise he had made each of the candidates that he would support Lowden whenever the latter could muster 700 votes. But on the li try-out " Thursday afternoon the highest point reached was 631^2, and now Sherman felt under no further obligations to keep the 7oo-vote compact. It was decided, therefore, that he would not support Lowden next day. While Judge Hamlin was advising Mr. Deneen to " go and see Yates," the Governor had an emissary out looking for Deneen. About i o'clock Governor Yates went to room 150, and there Mr. Deneen joined him a few minutes later. Xobody else was pres- ent : indeed, scarcely any of the lieutenants of either knew until the next clay that the conference was being held. In order to make sure of attracting no attention the lights in the room were turned out. Of course what transpired at this conference was PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 367 not disclosed. It was said that nothing was done except to pave the way for what followed the next day. Everything that happened during the night, aside from the candidates' conferences just mentioned, tended to strengthen the Lowden forces, and to increase the certainty that Lowden would be nominated on the first ballot Friday morning. After the inter- view between Senator Hopkins and the Yates committee a num- ber of southern Illinois leaders, hitherto in the Yates camp, held a meeting and decided to throw their counties to Lowden. The fact that such a meeting had been held got to the Yates managers and to the Governor himself in a curious way. At 3 o'clock Friday morning W. Scott Cowen was going to his room in the Leland hotel to retire, when he was hailed by a friend who told him of the meeting, and of those who were there. This was important. Cowen hurried off to awaken A. L. French, who had retired. " Go to bed," said French, " and stay there until I call you ; then you and Neville and I will go to the Mansion and see the Governor." Cowen, who had slept almost none for several nights, dropped into bed. At 5 130 French and Neville awakened him. The three were at the Executive Mansion at 6 o'clock. The Governor was up and they joined him at breakfast. There it was that the decision was definitely reached that the time for a decisive move on the part of the Governor was at hand. It was arranged that all of the other candidates, except Lowden, should be asked to meet the Governor for a conference in his private room in the armory, just before the convening of the convention at 10 o'clock. 368 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. From a photograph by Alderman Frank L. Race, Chicago. WITHDRAWAL OF GOVERNOR YATES. Scene in the convention while the Governor was making his withdrawal speech taken from the west balcony, showing a corner of the platform. The form of the Governor is dimly visible near the middle of the picture. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 369 CHAPTER XVIII. YATES, DENEEN, HAMLIN AND SHERMAN GET TOGETHER^ COMBINATION FORMED THE EXECUTIVE MANSION CONFERENCE. The early morning of Friday, the third of June, brought nothing to the surface to disturb the confidence of the Lowden leaders. To be sure, there were vague rumors that Yates was going to Deneen, but that was too improbable to be thought of seriously; and even if true, what of it? It was doubted that Deneen could succeed even then, in view of the extensive acces- sions made by Lowden within the past twelve hours. Around the hotel the Lowden talk went on, and the belief was becoming more general than ever that on the first ballot that morning Low- den would be nominated. Even the candidates were yet in ignorance as to what was to happen within an hour or two. Judge Hamlin went over to the State House to keep an appointment with his delegates, whom he was to address in one of the big committee rooms at 9 o'clock. He made a speech that was enthusiastically received. Then up spoke two or three men, who said that Lowden was to be nominated that day. It was at this juncture that a friend (W. P. Hippard, clerk of the Appellate Court) came into the room and whispered to Judge Hamlin that the Governor wished to see him at the armory. Hamlin left at once, and on arriv- ing at the Governor's private room in the armory he found sitting there Governor Yates, Mr. Deneen and Judge Sherman. He was not at all surprised, and though he had not seen Deneen since their parting shortly after midnight and had not since talked with Yates or Sherman, he quickly guessed the object of the meeting. At the breakfast conference at the Executive Mansion between the Governor and Messrs. Neville, French and Cowen it had been decided to get the other candidates into a conference, and accord- ingly word had been sent to all of them. But Warner and Pierce 24 370 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. had not been reached, and neither appeared at the armory meet- ing. That meeting, held in the clothing room adjoining the private office, was exceedingly brief. The convention was about to open and quick action was necessary. The Governor said that one of their number ought to be able to secure the nomination, but that immediate action would have to be taken. To this all assented. While they were talking, somebody rushed in and said that the convention had been called to order. It was then hastily decided to force an immediate recess to 2 o'clock that afternoon, and Senator O. F. Berry was selected to make the motion. Meanwhile the delegates had assembled, and news of the con- ference had quickly spread. But when, a few minutes after 10 o'clock, the Yates delegates marched in carrying mounted pla- cards reading, " Yates Let Well Enough Alone," many con- cluded that the reported combination had fallen through. But a few minutes later (at 10:15) Chairman Cannon called the con- vention to order, and Senator Berry, standing upon a chair on the front row, moved that the convention take a recess until 2 o'clock that afternoon. "And on that motion," said he, " I demand a roll-call." Cries of "no, no, no," went up all over the hall. J. H. Burke, of Cook, a Deneen leader, at once arose and sec- onded the motion, and another second came from C. E. Snively, of Fulton county, a Yates man. Chairman Cannon : All those in favor of a roll-call say aye (responded to by a loud chorus of ayes). Evidently a sufficient number are in favor of a roll-call and the clerk will call the roll. The roll-call proceeded as far as Effingham county, when it became clear that the motion was practically without opposition. Senator Berry arose and withdrew his demand for a roll-call, and by unanimous consent the motion was put to a viva voce vote and was carried. Votes against the motion had been cast as fol- lows : Alexander, 2 ; Bond, 2 ; Champaign, 8 ; Clinton, 5 ; Twenty-first Ward (Chicago), 4; total 21. And so the convention stood in recess until 2 P.M. Governor Yates went at once up-stairs to the assembly room, where there was to be a meeting of his delegates. This was the meeting at which, on the night before it had been planned to have PART TWO: THE CONTENTION. 371 the " stand pat " agreement signed up, but now things had changed, and the paper was withheld. The Governor made a short address. He reviewed his cam- paign and thanked the delegates for their loyalty to him. He spoke of the organization of the various committees and espe- cially of the committee of one hundred, which was formed for the purpose of keeping in closer touch with the individual delegates. He said further : I have been told that some of the delegates have felt that they were not in my confidence ; for this reason, I have asked all the dele- gates to be present. If this campaign shall continue, I desire that every Yates delegate in the convention attend the meetings which we have HON. WILLIAM L. ABBOTT. (CHICAGO.) NOMINEE FOR TRUSTEE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS. Born on a farm near the town of Morrison, Whiteside county, Illinois. His early years, like those of the ordinary farmer boy, were divided between farm work and the district school. In 1879 he entered the University of Illinois, from which school he graduated in 1884. During this time he spent one year on the farm, allowing another brother to have the benefit of a year in college. After graduation he took up his resi- dence in Chicago, working as a machinist and draftsman until 1885, when he embarked in the electric lighting business. In 1894 he sold his interests to the Chicago Edison Company and entered the employ of that company as chief operating engineer. 372 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. been holding before and after the sessions. I have no secrets in this campaign and I want to say that I am perfectly willing to talk to any delegate who wishes to consult with me. I will give him any information I have and will be pleased to receive any suggestions he may wish to offer. Following the Governor's address a recess was taken until i 145. The delegates, leaving the hall, marched in a body to the Leland hotel, each carrying a Yates placard. The Governor headed the procession, and on arriving at the hotel he passed through quickly and made his way over to the Executive Man- sion, where the other candidates were assembling. WHAT HAPPENED AT THE MANSION. Yates, Deneen, Hamlin and Sherman held a preliminary con- ference, lasting only a few minutes, in an ante-room in the base- ment of the Mansion. What was said there has never been made public. Then the four men went into the Governor's private office, a little corner room in the basement. It was suggested that before proceeding further they call in their respective cam- paign managers. Accordingly, in a few minutes there arrived A. L. French and James S. Neville (and later A. H. Jones), repre- senting Governor Yates ; Roy O. West and James Reddick, repre- senting Mr. Deneen ; Homer J. Tice and O. F. Berry, repre- senting Judge Sherman. Mr. Hamlin had no representative with him. Mr. Pierce was seYit for at the suggestion of Judge Sherman, and' came over and joined the conference. Colonel Warner, who -had been invited, got as far as the hallway outside the room. There he was met by the Governor, who explained the object of the meeting. He decided not to participate in the conference and returned to the hotel. At the armory conference not a word had been said as to which one of the candidates would be united upon, but there seemed to be an instinctive understanding that the choice was to fall upon Mr. Deneen. All were now ready for the talking to begin. The Governor sat at his desk. Over against the wall, on the big leather-covered sofa, sat Sherman, Hamlin and Deneen. The others were scattered about the room. The Governor acted as presiding officer and started off the conference. "All of us must agree," said he, " that the time for PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 373 decisive action is at hand. If we act together, one of us can be nominated. If we continue as we have been doing, none of us will be nominated. Now, I am ready to give this nomination to Chicago, I have been treated unfairly by the newspapers of that city, but I have no disposition to punish the people of Chi- cago for that, and I am ready to support the candidate of Chi- cago." Judge Sherman was the first to respond, and he came at once to the point. " Gentlemen," he said, in substance, " I have been called upon to break the ice a number of times lately and I suppose I might as well do it again. So far as my candidacy is concerned, while DR. CHARLES DAVISON. (CHICAGO.) NOMINEE FOR TRUSTEE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS. Born in Illinois, January 13, 1858. Received his higher education at Wauconda Academy and Northwestern University, medical department, from which he graduated in 1883, following with a year as interne in the Cook County Hospital. He has been identified with the great hospitals of Chicago for many years and holds lectureships in the College of Physicians and Surgeons (University of Illinois), the Dearborn Medical College and the Chicago Clinical School. Dr. Dayison is a member of the large medical societies of the State and of the Mississippi Valley. He never held political office. 374 THE BREAKING OP THE DEADLOCK. Mr. Deneen probably would favor me, Governor Yates would be unable to deliver his delegates to me. He is in the same situation as regards Mr. Hamlin and Mr. Pierce. Mr. Deneen is unable to deliver his delegates to Governor Yates, and without them the Governor cannot be nominated. The logic of the situation sug- gests that Mr. Deneen is the only candidate among us whom we can nominate. Governor Yates can deliver to him and so can the rest of us. It certainly is proper that Mr. Deneen should be nominated if we are to select a Chicago candidate, for he repre- sents the majority of the Republicans of that city." There was instantaneous acquiescence in this view by every- body present, Hamlin, Yates and Pierce each speaking briefly. The discussion then became general and informal, Mr. Deneen himself having but little to say. The only thing to be determined was how many votes could be gotten for Deneen. They went over the situation county by county and figured out 861 votes that could be safely relied upon. It was decided not to consider the make-up of the remainder of the state ticket until after the candidate for Governor had been nominated. Luncheon was served as they sat there in conference, and shortly before 2 o'clock they went over to the convention hall. While the Mansion conference was going on the Lowden leaders were meeting in the Leland hotel. Many of them scouted the idea that the reported combination could succeed. It was decided, at all events, if defeat must come, to go down with their banners flying. YATES TALKS TO HIS DELEGATES. The Yates delegates reassembled in the up-stairs armory room at 1 145. There was a wait of ten minutes before the Governor appeared. As he entered the room the delegates stood up and cheered. The Governor advanced quickly to the front and seized the big maul-like gavel that lay upon the table. There were cries of " close the door," but the Governor instantly responded. " Leave the door open." No time was wasted. The hour for the convention to meet was at hand, and he must be there to act his part. In clear, reso- lute tones, he addressed his delegates as follows : In the days of '61 to '65, there was raised in the county of McLean a glorious old regiment which was called the " Yates phalanx." PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 375 [Applause.] It bore through many battles an old flag presented to that phalanx by the man after whom it was named. That flag rests now, together with the standards of many other regiments, in the Memo- rial Hall of the Illinois State House. Among the most precious posses- sions of my mother, who lives at Jacksonville at an advanced age, is a little section of that flag, about two inches square; she cherishes it as one of her most precious memories. Why? Because of the man- hood it represents, because of the last full measure of devotion that stood by that flag as it went charging up the hill to victory, or as it stubbornly retreated to a valorous defeat ! That flag, gentlemen, could not always go in front. At times it had to go down the hill instead of up. There are such times in every campaign ; there are such times in every warfare. No phalanx can hope, always and at every inch, to win. The time has apparently come when this phalanx here, for the time being, is in that attitude and position. But there are to-morrows to come. Beyond the valleys and the hills there are other victories to be won by the phalanx which for the time being can go on no further up the hill in its present charge. There is a good book which says that the steps of a good man are ordered and that he shall not fall. That might be well said of this whole phalanx. This phalanx has temporarily been checked this phalanx representing the majority of the Republican voters of the State outside of the city of Chicago, has been checked by influences it is not necessary for me to enumerate or describe. Suffice it to say that we have had the power of money to fight as no phalanx ever had it before. [Cheers.] We have had Federal influence to fight such as no phalanx ever had before. We have had a press attack to fight such as no phalanx ever had before. We have had falsehood to fight; we have had treachery to fight; we have had ingrati- tude of the men we placed in power ourselves. [Cheers, and cries of " Hopkins ! Hopkins !"] There is something more than the mere nomi- nation of Governor involved in this fight of ours. It is incumbent upon us, representing the majority of the Republican voters outside of the city of Chicago, when it comes to a choice between the two Republicans hailing from the city of Chicago, to act as we would have had them act by us. We asked them to stand by us because we represented the majority of the Republicans outside of the city. You gentlemen have been supporting, not a minority candidate, but a majority candidate. [Applause.] There has come a time when we must decide between the minority candidate and the majority candidate from the city of Chicago. I therefore announce to you, in accordance with the principles upon which we asked the Republicans of Chicago to support the majority candi- date from the country, I have decided, subject to your approval, by the unanimous advice of the steering committee, to support the majority can- didate from the city of Chicago, and within a few moments from this time, with your approval, I will take the platform in the State Convention and withdraw my name in favor of Charles S. Deneen. [A tumult of cheers and waving hats, as those present rose from their chairs, shout- ing " Hurrah for Yates ! " and " Down with the Washington Syndi- cate."] In doing this I have protected the rights of every element in this hall. [Applause.] I have NOT led you into the last ditch. [Applause.] You are to become the country part of the new State organization. [Applause.] I want to say to you that in my judgment Frank O. Lowden can not be nominated and could not have been nominated by this convention ; but the members of my steering committee are unanimously of the opposite opinion. They are of the opinion, and so are the members of the managing committees of the other candidates, that the powers and influences at work could no longer be resisted, and that it was 376 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. absolutely necessary to preserve Republican organization and the will of the people of the State of Illinois to take this step. To this steering committee, for their wisdom, their courage, their good judgment, in all times, I tender my thanks. To the 507 men who voted for me on the first ballot, I tender my thanks. To the 405 who stood by me on the last ballot, I tender my thanks. To the 363 [here the Governor's voice trembled with emotion and was drowned by cheers] to the 363, I tender my everlasting gratitude. [Great applause.] The Governor pounded with his gavel for order and silence, delegates in the back part of the room shouting, "And we will make you President." Governor Yates resumed : Shoulder to shoulder, elbow to elbow, I ask every delegate on the next roll-call in the State convention to vote for Charles S. Deneen, the choice of the Republicans of Chicago. [Voices of delegates : '' We will do whatever you say."] As many as will support me in that proposition, rise to your feet. Nearly all of those present rose and Governor Yates continued : Before you leave the city, if it be possible, to-night, I want every one of you to come to the Mansion and let me take you by the hand and present you to Mrs. Yates. [Cheers.] After the nomination for Governor, a motion will be made by gentlemen allied with me in the nomination of Charles S. Deneen to add five men to the State Central Committee. I want every man to support that motion. After that a motion will be made to take a recess until 8 o'clock to-night, in order that the rest of the ticket may be discussed. [Cries of "Good!"] I shall ask the chairman of this convention for the privilege of addressing the convention. I don't think he will be so discourteous as to refuse that privilege when I rise. If he does so, I shall have to appeal to the convention. I want to say this: Judge Hamlin, Mr. Sher- man, Mr. Pierce and their friends have united with me in making this combination. [Cries of "Good, Good."] But you are all to know that the proposition first came from me, and Mr. Deneen and his friends will not forget it, although appreciating the support of others. Now, if yon will kindly make way, I will take my place in the convention. The delegates drew aside and the Governor walked rapidly out, followed by his delegates. The curtain was about to rise for the closing scene of the final act in the most remarkable political drama ever enacted in the State's history. The actors from the beginning had had an audi- ence appreciative and sympathetic, and now the galleries once more were crowded, for the news of the Mansion conference had spread over the town with amazing swiftness. Many there were PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 377 who were still skeptical that the combination, apparently so incongruous, could win. But as to that, all were soon to know. Shortly after 2 o'clock the Yates delegates marched in from their meeting. As they entered the hall some of the Lowden men shouted at them : "All the world hates a quitter." The Deneen men were exultant. All over the hall in the hands of the Yates, Hamlin, Sherman and Deneen delegates were waving placards bearing the words : " Deneen for Votes Come on in, Boys The Water is Fine." The convention was called to order by Chairman Cannon at 2 :2O. Governor Yates was already on his feet in his accustomed place at the head of the Morgan county delegation, on the first row of seats. He was looking intently at Chairman Cannon, evidently about to ask for recognition. Chairman Cannon : The Chair awaits the pleasure of the con- vention to be in order. Governor Yates now addressed the Chair. Chairman Cannon : Governor Yates desires to make a state- ment, or address the convention. Without objection, he will proceed. The Chair recognizes Governor Yates. THE GOVERNOR WITHDRAWS. There were cries of " Platform, platform," and the Governor made his way to the Chairman's platform. He then addressed the convention as follows : Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Convention : I stand, as it were, in the presence of three million of the people of Illinois; or I stand in the presence of the representatives of six hundred thousand Republican voters, each delegate here representing 400 of that number. Illinois the Great ! Illinois with its five millions of people almost two million manly men almost two million noble women, and almost two million children, whose prosperity to-day and whose progress to-morrow depend on how you and I, the citizens and voters of this State, use the oppor- tunities and privileges which are accorded to us under the Constitution and the laws. Illinois, with its history of glory and its prospects of renown Illinois can achieve the magnificent destiny for which great and good men have warred, and great and good men have died, only by the triumph of the sublime principles of the Republican party. [Cheers.] The party of the settler's homestead and the soldier's pension ; the party of the dollar's honesty and the ballot's freedom ; the party of equal rights ; the party of the laborer's protection ; the party of the people's home; the party of the stars and stripes. [Cheers.] The success of this party in this State means prosperity and happiness to the nation, because it means the success of the party of American purity and progress, of 378 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. American patriotism and prowess and power. True Republican har- mony is of the greatest importance, because upon Republican harmony depends Republican success. In view of these sentiments, I appear before the convention this afternoon to suggest a solution of the deadlock. I think I am about to divulge to you the name of the next Governor of the State of Illinois. [Cheers.] With thanks to the great people of the State outside of Chicago who gave me a majority over all opponents upon the first ballot in this convention ; with thanks to the 507 who supported me then, and with thanks to the 405 who supported me upon the last ballot, and with gratitude beyond expression to the 363 who resisted all induce- ments and all blandishments and all arguments and all resources and power, I withdraw my name from before the consideration of this con- vention. [Cheers.] Four years ago, one proud and happy day, in the presence of you the people in the presence of the Judge of all men before whom, some day, I expect to stand in the presence of my own loved ones, mother, wife and babes I took upon myself the solemn obligations of the mighty oath of Governor of Illinois. There were reasons besides the oath why I desired to be Governor of Illinois a good Governor of this mighty State. There were reasons why I desired to be a suitable representative of the Republican party of this glorious commonwealth. After four years, I come before you to-day to tell you that I have kept the pledge which I gave to you four years ago. I told you then that if you put in my proud hands the splendid banner of the great party that I love, I would bear it up and down the State, from side to side and end to end, and bring it back in honor. I kept the pledge with your great help. I am here to tell you to-day I not only kept the pledge to you, the party, but I have kept the official oath. I have tried to per- form the duties of my office and keep the oath. Further than that, I have nothing to say with reference to myself. My friends presented my name to this convention upon the theory that I was the candidate of a majority in the country outside of the city of Chicago. They asked delegates from Chicago to support me upon that ground. It is therefore fitting that we should now, in the withdrawal of my name from the convention, turn to that man who is the choice of a majority of the Republicans of Chicago. [Applause.] Therefore, by the advice and consent of my friends, I hereby withdraw my name from this convention and ask all my friends to support Charles S. Deneen for Governor. [Prolonged cheers.] As the Governor walked from the platform, there were voci- ferous shouts of " Hamlin." Attorney-General Hamlin, who was sitting with the Douglas county delegation, made his way to to the platform. Chairman Cannon : Without objection, Mr. Hamlin will address the convention. The Chair hears no objections. Mr. Hamlin then addressed the convention as follows : Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Convention : Four years ago at the city of Peoria, the Republican party placed in my hands the nomina- tion for Attorney-General of the State of Illinois. I have filled that office, and the record that I have made in the office is before the people of Illinois, and I am not ashamed of that record. [Applause.] I have thought that perhaps the Republican party of Illinois might see fit to promote me to the office of the Chief Executive of this State. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 379 We have been here for many days trying to select a candidate for that high office. It is important for the interests of this great Republican party that we should nominate a candidate and that harmony should prevail. I am before you to withdraw my name from the consideration of this convention. We have had and have many candidates from the country seeking this position. The city of Chicago, the greatest metrop- olis of the West, for whose citizens and for whose interests I entertain the same high regard as I do for the humblest hamlet in the great State of Illinois [cheers]', has presented a candidate. I have consulted with my friends. I have said to them, " It is necessary for some one to make some personal sacrifice some subordination of personal interests in the interest of this party of ours." I want its policies continued, and I am not afraid to take a candidate from the city of Chicago to head the ticket of the State. [Cheers.] And I withdraw from this race and urge my friends to support that fearless officer of the law, that man of high integrity. Charles S. Deneen. [Cheers.] There were now loud calls of " Sherman, Sherman." Judge Sherman mounted a chair in the McDonough delegation and addressed the convention as follows : THE CHAIRMAN'S TABLE AND MEGAPHONE A PICTURE TAKEN A FEW .DAYS AFTER SINE DIE ADJOURNMENT OF THE CONVENTION. 380 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Convention : The time has come for this to cease to be a candidate's convention and become a delegate convention. [Cheers.] On yesterday we each and severally delivered our opinions, Mr. Chairman, upon a resolution releasing dele- gates from instructions. In pursuance of that resolution, we now think the time for action has arrived. In this convention, I wish to congratu- late the State of Illinois, and especially the city of Chicago, that Chicago has presented a candidate here in whom the people of Illinois have confi- dence. [Cheers.] This deadlock can now be broken by the action of delegates. The names of Deneen and deadlock are not synonymous. Thanking the gentlemen for the support they have given me, I wish to withdraw in order that we may have a candidate from Chicago in the person of Charles S. Deneen a stalwart Republican, eminently fitted for the office of Governor, and who has shown he is the man Cook county wants for Governor. [Cheers.] The call of the roll for the seventy-ninth ballot was then com- menced. It was 2:40 when the secretary called Adams county, the first county on the roll-call, which, from the beginning of the long contest had been voting solidly for Yates. Major James E. Adams, who on previous ballots had announced the vote of Adams county, now sat quietly in his seat and T. J. Clark arose and announced " one for Yates, nineteen for Deneen." Major Adams had insisted on voting as he had from the beginning and he cast the only vote that was recorded for Yates on the entire ballot. As the roll-call progressed it was evident that most of the Yates counties were transferring their support to Deneen. The vote of Bond county, third on the list, which on the later ballots had been dividing its votes between Yates and Lowden, was announced by Lieutenant-Governor Northcott solidly for Low- den. Kane county, the home of Senator Hopkins, cast twenty- eight votes for Lowden and two for Deneen. Will county, which on the later ballots had been voting for Lowden, stuck to him and cast its twenty-five votes for him. Lowden also got the vote of Kankakee county, the first time that county had voted for any candidate except Yates. [Kankakee had been under promise, growing out of the fight for the nomination for Treasurer, to vote for Lowden whenever Yates retired from the field.] The Lowden men were demonstrative and cheered whenever any of the Yates delegates voted for their candidate. But little noise was made by the Deneen men until Sangamon county was reached and cast its twenty-four votes solidly for Deneen. He was now assured of the nomination, having received more than the necessary 752 votes. Cheers went up from the Deneen delegates. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 381 At 3 o'clock the roll-call was completed and the Deneen men broke into wild cheers. Hundreds of delegates Deneen men, Yates men, Hamlin men, Sherman men were upon their chairs waving Deneen placards and joining in a pandemonium of cheers. Hamlin and Sherman, standing in their respective dele- gations, joined enthusiastically in the demonstration. While the roll-call was in progress Mr. Deneen stood alone in the far-off corner of the hall, not far from the door of his little " office." He was absorbed in the balloting, and responded mechanically to an occasional passer-by who stopped to congratu- late him. His hands were in his pockets, and his eyes were fixed upon the assistant secretary, as the counties and their votes were drawled out. He evidently did not want premature congratu- lations. " Wait until the vote is announced," he said several times. When Vermilion county had been passed, Roy O. West, who had been standing on a chair fifty feet away, got down, walked over and congratulated the man with whose campaign he had been so closely identified. Others came also, and in a moment Mr. Deneen was surrounded. Governor Yates came up hurriedly and cordially seizing the nominee's arm, said : "Come with me ; I want to introduce you to Mrs. Yates." And so Yates and Deneen pushed their way to the front, and in a moment Mr. Deneen was shaking hands with Mrs. Yates, who occupied a seat with a number of friends to the left of the platform, and who now presented Mr. Deneen with a large bouquet of roses. COLONEL LOWDEN "DIES GAME." Colonel Lowden had come over to the convention for the after- noon session in good spirits, notwithstanding the approaching defeat. Just before the convention was called to order he appeared for a moment on the platform to shake hands with Mrs. Low- den and a number of friends. Then he descended to the con- vention floor. While the speeches of withdrawal were being made, and while the seventy-ninth ballot was in progress he paced the floor in the rear of the platform, in company with Kenesaw M. Landis and two or three others of his lieutenants. As the call of the counties went slowly along he occasionally paused for a moment to listen breathlessly to the response of 382 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. some county in which he had a particular interest. As the half-way county was passed, gloom settled over the little party, for the last ray of hope had died out. " Then suddenly," said a newspaper report the next morning, " Lowden pulled himself together. He shook off the appearance of depression and put on a smile for all his friends, grasping their hands heartily and surprising them with words of cheer. * * Colonel Lowden stood silent for a moment at the corner of the platform, where he could see the banners waving for the victor. All around him stood his lieutenants, helpless in their dejection, except for the evident solicitude to show in word and manner their sympathy for their defeated chief. Gradually the humor of the situation struck the Colonel. A smile broke and spread over his features, and suddenly he slapped Landis on the shoulder and exclaimed : ' Let's die game, old man this is no time to look glum.' " Then he turned to a near-by newspaper man and submitted to an interview, declaring : " It was a fair fight and I am beaten." And then and there, before the ballot had been announced, he pledged allegiance to the nominee. THE SEVENTY-NINTH BALLOT IS ANNOUNCED. At 3 109 Chairman Cannon, by the vigorous use of his gavel, brought comparative quiet in the convention and the result of the seventy-ninth ballot was announced as follows : Deneen, 957^/2; Lowden, 522^; Warner, 21; Yates, i. Immediately John M. Raymond, of Aurora, was recognized and said: " I yield my time to Col. Frank O. Lowden.'' Colonel Lowden was already standing on a chair in the Cook county delegation, and on being recognized, said : " I move you, sir, to make the nomination of Charles S. Deneen unanimous." [Applause.] The motion was seconded by Mr. Raymond. Chairman Cannon : The gentleman from Cook moves to make the nomination of Charles S. Deneen as the Republican candidate for Governor unanimous. The gentleman from Kane seconds the motion. The Chair put the motion to a viva voce vote, and there being no negative votes, the nomination was declared unanimous. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 383 Cries of " Deneen, Deneen," began to increase in volume from different parts of the convention hall, and Mr. Deneen mounted a chair in front of the delegate body. Cries of "Take the platform " were heard, and he went to the chairman's plat- form. Chairman Cannon said, as Mr. Deneen appeared beside him: " Gentlemen of the convention, the Chair takes great pleasure in presenting to the convention the candidate of the Republican party, the candidate of the majority, the candidate of the minority of the party, for Governor of the State of Illinois, Charles S. Deneen." [Cheers.] Mr. Deneen advanced to the front of the platform and said : Mr. Chairman and Delegates : I realize that this is not the occasion lor a speech by the nominee of the party. I realize that this convention has been drawn out to a greater length than any like convention in the history of Illinois or in the history of the United States. I realize that the delegates desire to return to their homes, but I take this opportunity, first, to thank the delegates to this convention for the honor bestowed upon me. I take this opportunity to thank those gentlemen whose names were presented as candidates before this convention, not alone for their courteous treatment here, while we have been in session, but their courteous treatment throughout this entire campaign. This conven- tion has made the campaign for the party. We have been here two weeks. We have become well acquainted with each other. You have set a high standard of steadfast loyalty to friends. You will set. dur- ing this campaign, in my opinion, a higher standard of steadfast loyalty to the party. [Applause.] I appreciate the great sacrifices made by the candidates before this convention withdrawing in my favor. I appreciate the great sacrifices made by the other candidates in making this campaign. I thank them for moving to make my nomination unanimous. Hereafter, at the proper time, I shall appear in every county in this State and make the best campaign that is possible to be made by me for the common cause, but I realize that my efforts will amount to little unless I am supported, not only by every candidate and his friends in this convention, but by the entire party, and I go out as a candidate now nominated by the party, for the entire party, and shall wage the warfare with that end in view and with that alone. But I shall not continue to make remarks. It would please me very much to meet you after the adjournment has been had, and thank you individually for the courtesies shown me during this convention, and for the honor you have bestowed upon me. [Applause.] Cries of " Lowden " rose from the convention, and Colonel Lowden came forward upon the platform. Chairman Cannon said: " Colonel Lowden needs no introduction to this convention." [Applause.] 384 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. AN ECHO FROM THE OGLE COUNTY FARMER. Col. LoWden'"Poor fieneen! His Troubles Are Just beginning. Cartoon by McCutcheon. Reproduced from the Chicago Tribune. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 385 Mr. Chairman and Fellow Republicans : I am for the nominee of this convention. [Applause.] When the campaign opens next fall I will be found in the front rank of those battling for Republican princi- ples. [Applause.] When I announced my candidacy, I stated that I should so conduct this campaign on my part that the other candidates for this high office, who are all my friends, would be my friends after the final roll-call of this convention. I think I have made good that promise to the Republicans of Illinois. [Applause.] I want to congratulate you that your labors are nearly done, that you have a candidate for Governor with whom we will win an old- fashioned Republican victory next autumn. [Applause.] I desire to add that never in the history of conventions was one prolonged like this where the same excellent temper was maintained among the delegates from the beginning to the end. You have this compensation for the long delay and for the discomforts you have suffered, that you know the Republicans of Illinois better than you ever did before and you respect them more than you ever did before. [Applause.] I want particularly to thank my loyal friends who unfalteringly have followed my political fortunes in this convention, and I want to ask of them as a special favor that they won't look so depressed and melan- choly and unhappy. [Laughter.] It affects my spirits because when the result of the last roll-call was announced I began to think of the beautiful quiet I would enjoy on my farm [cheers] and was happier than I have been at any time in the last nine months. [Applause.] And so, cheer up, because we will all meet again in a very short time, fighting shoulder to shoulder for a common cause. I thank you, my friends. [Applause.] The nomination of a candidate for Lieutenant-Governor was declared in order. Efforts to secure a recess were at first futile. The calling of the roll of Congressional Districts for the presenta- tion of candidates' names was started. D. F. Lawley, of Pekin, on behalf of the Sixteenth District, nominated Col. Wm. J. Con- zelman, of Pekin. The convention drifted into deep confusion and business had to be suspended. Finally, at 3 135, a motion for a recess until 8 o'clock P.M. was put and carried. THE DEADLOCK BROKEN THE "SLATE" COMPLETED. And so, at last, the deadlock was broken, and a general feeling of relief came to the delegates. A rough analysis of the seventy- ninth ballot showed that Yates had carried with him to Deneen 405 votes more than had been counted on at the Mansion con- ference. But Colonel Lowden also, although he had lost his battle, had cause to feel proud of his followers, for 522 of them had deliberately turned their backs on the " band wagon " to go with him to defeat. 25 386 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. As soon as the recess had been taken, there was a resumption of the conference at the Executive Mansion. In addition to those already mentioned in connection with the morning' conference, State Senator Daniel A. Campbell was present and participated actively. W. S. Cowen was also present part of the time. The business remaining before the conferees was to agree upon the rest of the state ticket. The Governor had assembled his steering committee and some of his advisers not members of the committee, about thirty in all, in a room up-stairs. Through- out the conference that followed he was in close communication with these men and agreed to nothing positively until it had been submitted to their approval. Governor Yates wanted the privilege of naming two men on the ticket State Senator Len Small for treasurer, and Repre- sentative B. M. Chiperfield, of Canton, for Attorney-General. The nomination of Small was conceded without question. As to Chiperfield, the objection was raised that many delegates were pledged to Mr. Stead and that they could not be expected to violate their pledges. The agreement was made, however, that all present would do their utmost to bring about Mr. Chiperfield's nomination. For Auditor of Public Accounts, James S. McCullough was without opposition. In past campaigns, he had proven immensely popular, and now he would be the " soldier candidate '' on the ticket. There was a proposition to make W. S. Cowen, one of the Governor's managers, the nominee for Secretary of State ; but the Governor had already promised his support to James A. Rose, and he insisted on Mr. Rose's nomination, which was finally agreed upon. YATES SPRINGS SURPRISE. The surprise of the day came when the Lieutenant-Governor- ship was taken up. As we have seen earlier in this volume, there was quite an array of candidates. James S. Neville said that he was pledged to Frank L. Smith, of Dwight, and would like to have him nominated. Two of the candidates, Representative W. E. Trautmann, of East St. Louis, and Representative Thomas Rina- ker, of Carlinville, were especial friends of Judge Sherman. It PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 387 seemed but right that he should have one of them put on the ticket. He first suggested Mr. Trautmann. Governor Yates at once made objection. - " I like Trautmann, personally," said he, " and I would like to see him nominated on Judge Sherman's account ; but it so hap- pens that on account of conditions in southern Illinois, there are thirty or forty counties in that part of the State my counties that will not stand for Trautmann." Then, after a moment's hesitation, he added : " I would much rather see Judge Sherman himself nominated. [Another pause.] I think the nominee for Governor ought to be consulted. Deneen, what do you think ? " " You can't say anything more agreeable to me than to pro- pose Judge Sherman," Mr. Deneen responded. It seems that at first Judge Sherman thought the suggestion of the Governor a joke; but when everybody in the room had con- curred in it, he saw that it had been made in all earnestness. " This is something I had never thought of," said he. "I can say nothing until I consult Trautmann and Rinaker." He at once went over to the Leland hotel and saw Trautmann and Rinaker together. Both agreed unhesitatingly that the thing for Sherman to do was to accept the nomination. And so the " slate " was made up. That night it went through the convention with only a single break. This was in the case of Mr. Chiperfield, who was defeated by W. H. Stead, of Ottawa. There was a general denial subsequently that the combination which brought about the nomination of Mr. Deneen and the rest of the State ticket involved promises or " bargains " of any sort. It appears that the only thing agreed upon in the conference, in addition to the nominees, was that those present should assist in making Governor Yates chairman of the Illinois delegation to the Republican National Convention, then less than three weeks away. It was reported that the United States Senatorship for the term beginning in 1907 was also involved ; but it is well settled that the Senatorship was not mentioned in the series of conferences that have just been described. If any understanding on that subject was reached between two or more of the gubernatorial candidates, it was no part of the historic conference which made Mr. Deneen the nominee for Governor : and whether or not such a compact 388 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. exists can not be debated here, but must be left for the guesses and speculation of political gossips for the ensuing two years. FRIDAY EVENING THE CLOSING SESSION. But the story of the convention is not yet finished. The con- vention was late in getting together for its final session. It was 8 140 that Friday evening when Chairman Cannon let his gavel fall. Immediately, Senator O. F. Berry offered the following resolution, which was referred to the Committee on Resolutions : Resolved, That the membership of the State Central Committee shall consist of one member from each Congressional District, to be selected by the delegates from the several districts, and six members at large, to be selected by the State convention. The committee is authorized in its discretion to select a chairman outside of the membership. Then the roll of the Congressional Districts was called for the nomination of a candidate for Lieutenant-Governor. Frank L. Smith, of Livingston county, was placed in nomina- tion by a delegate from that county, and L. Y. Sherman was named by Senator Berry. Andrew Russel, of Morgan county, rep- resenting Governor Yates, seconded the nomination of Mr. Sher- man. A number of other seconding speeches were made, and then the Secretary was directed to call the roll. Before the calling of the first county, Col. W. J. Conzelman, of Pekin, who had been placed in nomination at the afternoon ses- sion, withdrew his name, leaving but two candidates. As the call proceeded, the confusion on the floor increased. Amid the tumult. Chairman Cannon discovered a number of delegates smoking. ' The clerk will suspend the call," shouted the chairman. " We will wait till this smoking is stopped." " I am afraid that will be all night," replied Cicero J. Lindley, who was calling the roll. " Well, then," said the chairman, " we will stay here all night. We will close this up without smoking, and finally with the doxology." [Laughter.] The call had not progressed very far before it became plain that the Lowden men, as a rule, were supporting Smith, while the Deneen, Yates and Hamlin men were lining up with Sher- man. PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 389 The convent ion, in great good temper, has nominated Charles S.Deneen as the Republican standard "bearer for Governor. I have no doubt that the nomination will commend itself to the faarerfctoJa approval of the party in the state and generally to the people. I am more than gratified that the deadlock is broken. The fact that this was such a stubbornly 'contested struggle is one of the most hopeful signs at the beginning of the campaign^ Backed by the conscience, principles, policy and organization of the Republican party, Mr .Deneen will make as strong a standard bearer in Illinois as Mr. Roosevelt will in the United States. The cordial indorsement given Deneen by the minority and the generous indorsement accorded him by Colonel Lowden speaks equally well for Mr. Deneen and Colonel Lowden. Mr.Deneen is big enough, physically, mentally and morally, to make such a governor as is desired by all the people of the state. Springfield, June 3,1904. UNCLE JOE " CANNON'S VERDICT ON THE END OF THE DEADLOCK. This statement was dictated by Chairman Cannon on June 3, after Mr. Deneen's nomination. It was afterward submitted to him, and after being edited as here shown, was signed, with authority to use it in this volume. Before the result was announced, Frank L. Smith withdrew his name and moved that the nomination of Sherman be made unanimous. This was done, and Sherman was declared the unanimous choice of the convention. The next order of business was the nomination of a candi- date for State Treasurer. Ex-Speaker E. C. Curtis, of Kanka- kee, placed Senator Len Small in nomination, and Judge Fritchie, of Olney, presented the name of Colonel Aden Knoph. At the conclusion of the roll-call, Judge Fritchie, on behalf of Colonel Knoph, moved that the nomination of Small be made unanimous, and the motion was carried. 390 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. For Secretary of State, four names were presented to the convention, as follows : M. O^ Williamson, of Knox county, Fifteenth District, by H. D. Judson : William H. Cisne, of Wayne county, Twenty- fourth District, by Gen. Thomas W. Scott ; James A. Rose, of Pope county, Twenty-fourth District, by Colonel Durfee; Daniel Hogan, of Pulaski county, Twenty-fifth District, by Marion Whitlers. When Wayne county was reached on the roll-call, General Scott withdrew the name of Cisne, and voted the county for Rose. The result was announced as follows : Rose, 844 ; William- son, 159; Hogan, 497: Cisne, 2. Mr. Judson, on behalf of Mr. Williamson, moved that Rose's nomination be made unanimous, and it was so ordered. The roll of districts was called for names of candidates for Auditor. James S. McCullough, the then incumbent, was the only candidate offered. His name was presented by Judge F. M. Wright in behalf of the Nineteenth District. Charles Eckart, of Douglas, moved that McCullough be nominated by acclama- tion, and this was done. Two candidates were presented for Attorney-General William H. Stead, of La Salle county, by C. P. Gardner, and B. M. Chiperfield, of Fulton county, by C. E. Snively. Stead received 892^/2, and Chiperfield 608^, and the first and only break in the " slate " had been made. Mr. Snively, on behalf of Mr. Chiperfield, moved to make Stead's nomination unanimous, and it was so ordered. After the announcement of the result of the ballot for Attor- ney-General, the friends of W. H. Stead escorted that gentle- man to the platform. CHAIRMAN CANNON : I introduce to you the next Attorney-General of the State of Illinois, who will defend his friends, prosecute all those who ought to be prosecuted, and I hope there will not be many Republi- cans found among that number. [Laughter.] MR. STEAD : Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the Convention : I shall not detain you with any extended remarks. I want to thank the members of this convention from the bottom of my heart for the honor which they have conferred upon me ; and I want to say to you that, with the rest of the splendid gentlemen you have nominated, from now until November it will be my endeavor to devote all the energy I possess to this campaign. And now, my friends, let us all go home and see to it PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 391 that this ticket which has been nominated here after so much deliberation is elected, and I have no doubt it will be, by an overwhelming majority. I thank you, my friends. [Applause.] The selection of three trustees of the University of Illinois was next in order. On motion of A. Hanby Jones, it was ordered that on the first ballot the three highest candidates be declared the nominees. The motion was carried, and the follow- ing were placed before the convention : Mrs. Mary E. Busey, of Urbana ; Mrs. Emma Pitt Llewellyn, of Chi- cago; Mrs. Elmina T. Springer, of Chicago; M. B. Eckley, of Chicago; Dr.- Charles Davison, of Chicago; W. L. Abbott, of Chicago; Fred L. Hatch, of McHenry county; J. J. Banks, of Chicago, and A. E. Ebert, of Chicago. The following three had the highest vote and were declared the nominees : Mrs. Mary E. Busey, of Urbana ; Dr. Charles Davison, of Chicago, and W. L. Abbott, of Chicago. [See roll- call, Part Three.] It was now getting late. All evening there had been a thin- ning of the delegations as men drew out to hurry to their trains. The State ticket was complete. Even the great feminine fight for trustee of the University of Illinois was all over. The platform back of the chairman, that had been crowded for weeks with the fashion and beauty of the capital, began to show signs of the approaching end ; for the ladies at last were weary, and many were leaving, though a score or more remained to see the curtain come down. The handful of delegates still in the hall huddled together near the front, as the unfinished business was disposed of. Walter Reeves, chairman of the Committee on Resolutions, reported back from the committee the Berry resolution providing for six members at large of the State Central Committee, with an amendment making the number seven instead of six. The reso- lution as amended was adopted. Mr. Reeves reported further from the Committee on Resolu- tions as follows : It was suggested, as our committee was retiring to the room, that in one Congressional District the Presidential elector chosen had not been approved or confirmed by this convention it was the elector from the Eleventh District, from Joliet. Your committee is not aware of the fact that any endorsement here is necessary ; but to save all possible question upon the subject, I beg to offer the following resolution: 392 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. Mr. Reeves then read the resolution referred to, as follows : Resolved, That each of the several Congressional Districts present to the secretary of this convention the names of the Presidential electors from said districts, and that such electors be and are hereby accordingly selected and approved by this convention; and the secretary of this convention is hereby authorized and directed to properly certify such names of such electors whenever requested or required to do so. Senator O. F. Berry offered the following resolution : Resolved, That the following persons be and they are hereby appointed members of the State Central Committee at Large : Homer J. Tice, Dr. J. B. McFatrich, James S. Neville, Solon W. Philbrick, Edward H. Wright, \V. Scott Cowen, Clarence Buck. Judge Elbridge Hanecy moved to amend the resolution by substituting the name of Edward H. Morris for that of Edward H. Wright ; and he moved the previous question upon his amend- ment. The previous question being ordered, the amendment was lost. A delegate then moved the previous question upon the original resolution. Judge Hanecy moved that the name of Edward H. Morris be added to the committee. O. F. Berry made the point of order that the previous ques- tion had been ordered and that an amendment was not in order. The Chair sustained the point of order. The resolution as offered by Senator Berry was then adopted. Cicero J. Lindley, of Bond county, moved that the thanks of the convention be extended to the chairman and the secretaries for the able manner in which they had performed their duties. The motion was put by Mr. Lindley and carried. Senator O. F. Berry moved that the convention do now adjourn. CHAIRMAN CANNON : Before putting that motion, the Chair desires to return his thanks to the convention for its uniform courtesy during the sessions -to the Chair and to the officers of the convention. The motion to adjourn was then put and carried, and at n 146 P.M. the Chair declared the convention adjourned without day. Thus ended the Republican State Convention of 1904 a State convention without a parallel in political history. At every PART TWO: THE CONVENTION. 393 stage of its progress, the contest for the nomination for Governor had been remarkable ; but by no means its least remarkable fea- ture was the graceful, manly .course of the defeated candidates. All had felt the thrill of victory nearly won ; but none now per- mitted his disappointment to leave any tinge of bitterness in his soul. The nominee for Governor, long before the falling of the gavel marked the end of the convention, had been assured of the united support of all who had lately been his rivals of none more cordially than he who, at the last, had been his chief antag- onist ; and as these lines are written all are making*enthusiastic preparations to go upon the stump, and once more the voters of Illinois are to hear their eloquent pleas, not for themselves, but for the Republican party and for the man whose nomination for Governor brought with it the breaking of the deadlock. JL 118 PART THREE: STATISTICAL. THE BALLOTS FOR GOVERNOR. The seventy-nine ballots that were taken in the convention for the nomination of a candidate for Governor are here given. Only certain ones are set forth in detail ; but these are made the basis of comparison in such a way as to show the vote of every county, ward and commissioners' dis- trict on every ballot. The convention was composed of 1,502 delegates, of which 516 were accredited to Cook County. The number necessary to a choice was 752. The footings here given are those made by the secretary and assistant secretaries of the convention as they appear in the official journal. PART THREE: STATISTICAL. 395 HIGHEST AND LOWEST VOTE RECEIVED BY EACH CANDIDATE FOR GOVERNOR. Yates Lowden. . . Deneen. . . . Hamlin . . . Warner . . . Sherman. . Pierce .... Ballot. Highest. Ballot. Lowest. 1st 73d 79th 23d 54th 1st 47th 507 631 957 148 55 87 33 79th 1st 73d 79th 79th 79th 79th 1 354 345 21 RESULT OF EACH BALLOT FOR GOVERNOR. (Fractions omitted.) C S d c fe C5 ^ 1 "g S 3 c S 8 ffl >M c c Q a 03 cc S FRIDAY, MAY 13. 1 507 354 386 121 45 87 2 504 390 383 117 42 63 3 499 396 380 111 34 57 21 4 490 405 383 112 36 51 21 5 491 408 380 111 34 56 21 6 493 404 383 112 34 54 21 7 494 407 377 110 39 52 21 8 488 403 382 112 44 50 21 9 494 405 382 111 36 51 22 10 489 407 379 114 38 52 22 all 489 401 376 118 38 52 21 12 489 404 380 117 39 51 21 13 488 401 382 111 45 53 21 14 482 420 381 110 36 50 21 15 495 405 381 111 36 51 21 SATURDAY, MAY 16 472 428 381 110 38 51 21 17 485 407 379 109 35 51 34 18 483 412 379 118 36 50 22 19 491 405 376 119 37 50 21 20 486 397 383 109 51 51 21 21 486 409 381 108 42 51 21 22 486 401 386 110 44 51 21 23 483 393 369 148 35 50 21 24 486 398 375 135 36 49 21 MONDAY, MAY l6. 25 b26 27 28 29 489 483 482 482 481 407 402 407 400 404 381 385 388 393 382 111 111 110 110 115 39 39 39 40 38 50 51 51 51 56 21 2(1 21 22 22 TUESDAY. MAY 17. 30 437 452 382 111 44 51 21 31 431 473 383 107 32 50 22 32 429 473 383 109 33 49 22 33 428 467 387 111 34 49 22 34 431 466 389 111 32 50 22 35 483 408 391 109 38 49 23 36 492 390 398 111 37 51 22 37 487 395 445 109 37 6 22 38 490 393 441 113 37 2 25 c c c c fc 01 g 8 8 o "~* a S % i c 1 .3 1 a ps _= cc is WEDNESDAY, MAY l8. 39 483 396 442 112 36 2 80 40 482 396 440 111 40 2 30 41 484 399 433 111 41 2 SI 42 482 400 433 111 41 2 32 c43 479 396 435 116 39 2 82 44 478 402 436 113 39 2 3] 45 480 403 435 111 39 2 31 46 482 404 433 112 37 2 31 47 482 403 432 111 38 2 33 THURSDAY, MAY 19. 48 486 397 432 112 41 2 3] 49 487 399 391 111 39 42 32 50 486 399 431 113 40 83 d51 483 393 429 112 50 28 52 483 393 429 111 52 33 53 483 393 430 110 53 32 54 481 392 429 111 55 33 55 483 393 430 110 52 33 56 482 393 429 110 54 88 57 483 393 388 109 54 43 3! FRIDAY, MAY 2O. 58 483 392 385 113 53 46 29 TUESDAY, MAY 31. 59 487 396 383 116 41 50 28 60 484 398 383 113 42 53 28 61 484 398 384 116 40 51 38 WEDNESDAY, JUNE I. 62 470 404 391 116 40 52 28 63 465 401 393 121 43 51 _>7 64 474 407 385 116 39 52 28 65 473 414 381 117 37 52 27 66 474 411 384 119 36 51 26 THURSDAY, JUNE 2. 67 471 408 386 118 39 53 ! 26 68 464 400 370 107 42 80 38 69 388 573 358 87 28 44 23 70 381 601 351 74 27 43 24 71 380 604 347 76 29 41 24 72 363 614 347 83 30 40 24 73 362 631 345 70 29 40 24 74 369 620 345 ! 74 28 41 24 75 373 599 355 81 28 42 23 76 386 581 364 78 27 43 22 77 399 537 364 104 28 45 24 78 405 532 365 102 28 45 24 FRIDAY, JUNE 3. 79 j 522 957 '1 Necessary to choice, 752. a Rodenberg received six votes, b Cannon received one vote, c Reeves received two votes, d Clifford one vote. 396 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. FIRST BALLOT. ~ Lowdcn. Warner. Klierman. County. 1 -- 1 3 1 1 II County. 1 1 C BE ^ = Grundy 9 >0 Hamilton 5 10 7 > Bond 5 i . * 4 3 2 > 2 5 3 3 5 1 6 5 1 5 3 1 9 Tpffprson 2 5 \ -, T 3 3 3 3 .. 9 q :s 2 Clav 6 1 5 Kendill i 6 4 3 13 "3 \ \ 'e Coles 2 .. 6 4 . . Knox Cook: 1st Ward 14 Lake 6 6 6 1 3 2d Ward 1 i i 12 13 7 6 6 11 5 .. 5 .: 20 " 12 .. 12 .. oa 3d Ward , 1? 4th Ward j 3 3 ', 1 4 2 5th Ward 6th Ward 5 7th Ward' r 8th Ward 7 5 8 1 \ . , 2 9th Ward Q Mirinn 10th Ward 7 M h 11 Ii llth Ward 10 M 12th Ward 9 12 2 .. 4 .. 15 .. \f E 13th Ward M Donoiich 10 14th Ward M H 4 i 7! 15th Ward 13 .. M T an ) 16th Ward 8 .. M ird 4 8 17th Ward 15 .. .. 18th Ward 10 M 2 2 19th Ward 9 M t | 20th Ward 19 2 1 . M 11 21st Ward 16 .. 14 .. Mn Itrip t 22d Ward O 1 13 23d Ward 11 .. P 'a IS 7 1 24th Ward 10 .. Pprrv fi 25th Ward 22 .. .... Piatt 7 26th Ward 13 .. s 27th Ward 12 . 1 1 2 1 1 i .', H 28th Ward 14 . .... Pulaski 29th Ward 6 . 30th Ward 11 . R rl 1 n 8 31st Ward 2 'ii 6 5 14 . 17 . 4 . 1 . j i ..* t i 24 32d Ward 33d Ward Rock Island 34th Ward Q nIramOn 35th Ward 2d Com Dis 2 4 3}^ . 7 . 9 1 4 . .... Shelby 3d Com Dis .... Stark 4 4th Com. Dis .... gt Clair 9 12 10 2 5th Com Dis 6th Com Dis 8 . T - 11 H fl F ' v T 5 DeKalb 1 .... Wabash DeWitt 6 7 2 2 DuPage 5 fl 1 . 2 i w 85 Edgar .... White . > 5 1 .... Will Fayette Ford 4 . 2 1 ,T 1 12 Franklin Woodford 4 1 Fulton l.-i Totals: Yates, 507 2-3; Lov den. 3542-3; Deneen, 45; Sherman, 87. Greene. . . 386 2-3 ; Hamlin, 121; Warner PART THREE: SECOND BALLOT. STATISTICAL. 397 County. i $ Lowden. Deneen. Hamlin. Warner. Adams . >( Alexander Bond. . . -, Boone 4 3 .. 1 Brown. > Bureau 1 6 5 1 1 Calhoun Carroll 'I Cass .5 Champaign ( 3 3 3 3 Christian. . . 9 Clark. . . 7 Clav A Clinton 5 Coles ft 6 3 Cook: 1st Ward 14 2d Ward 1 1? 5 3d Ward n 5 4th Ward .... 8 5th Ward 7 1 6th Ward 1 "i >n 7th Ward 11 i 9 8th Ward T> 9th Ward q 10th Ward 7 llth Ward . . 10 12th Ward q ? 13th Ward 1' 4 14th Ward. . . . 15 15th Ward n 16th Ward. . . . 8 17th Ward 4 11 18th Ward 10 19th Ward 9 20th Ward 1 18 1 21st Ward ? 16 22d Ward 14 23d Ward 11 24th Ward 10 25th Ward w 26th Ward 13 27th Ward n 28th Ward 14 29th Ward 6 30th Ward 11 31st Ward 9 11 32d Ward 17 33d Ward . 11 4 34th Ward 6 1 35th Ward 5 5 1st Com. Dis 1/i 7 r 4 r 2d Com. Dis H-4 V4 3d Com. Dis 5 4th Com. Dis fi s 1 5th Com. Dis 4 6th Com. Dis s Crawford (i Cumberland r. DeKalb FI DeWitt . 7 Douglas 7 DuPage 1 's 1 Edgar q Edwards 4 Effingham 1 Fayette. . . 7 Ford 4 . 2 Franklin 5 Fulton r> Gallatin 4 Greene "> Grundv. . . 'i County. \ {H Lowden. 1 Hamlin. Warner. Hamilton f| Hardin fl Henry 4 3 3 3 "> 8 4 5 1 5 ? 5 Jersey 4 9 Johnson 5 2i i 3 .. 1 Kankakee 14 Kendall . . . 1 5 Knox ft 3 3 1 1 Lake 13 La Salle ft (i 6 6 3 Lawrence 5 Lee 1? Livingston 3 3 3 3 1 1 . . 4 Macon 15 Macoupin I" 7 6 1 5 Marion 8 6 Mason -, -, McDonough 1 4 3 2 McLean "4 Menard Mercer '1 1 Montgomery 9 Morgan 11 4 Ogle 13 IT 7 3 Perrv f> Piatt .. 7 Pike s Pope ' 1 1 1 .. Pulaski 1 1 1 1 y^ ? Randolph s Richland 1 4 5 i i Rook Island '1 6 M Schuyler 4 Scott . . jj Shelby 8 .. Stark 4 St. Clair i 10 3 .. Stephenson i? Tazewell 11) Union 1 Vermilion . 25 . Wabash ii Warren < 3 3 Wayne . . s White 7 Whiteside. . . . s <> 1 Will >> Williamson <> Winnebago S' 12 Woodford 4 1 .. 1 Totals: Yates. 5042-3; Lowden, 39053-66; Deneen, 383 35-66; Hamlin, 117 2-3; Warner, 42 1-6; Sherman, 63 1-6. 398 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. THIRD BALLOT. County. 1 Lowden. c 1 Hamlin. Warner. Sherman. >o 7 Bond 5 3 3 2 .. > 1 ft 5 1 1 .. " Cass fi 3 3 3 3 3 ? q Clark 7 Clay 5 3 g 3 .. Cook: 1st Ward 14 2d Ward 1 12 5 3d Ward 18 "i 4th Ward 8 5th Ward 7 1 6th Ward ' 1 5 20 7th Ward 11 1? 8th Ward 1? 9th Ward q 10th Ward . . 7 1 1th Ward 10 12th Ward 9 9 13th Ward 12 4 14th Ward 15 15th Ward. : . . 13 16th Ward 8 17th Ward 4 11 18th Ward 10 19th Ward. q 20th Ward 1 is t lst Ward f Hi 22d Ward. . 14 23d Ward 11 24th Ward . 10 25th Ward 22 26th Ward 13 27th Ward 12 28th Ward 14 29th Ward.. 6 30th Ward 11 31st Ward 8 1 | 32d Ward 17 33d Ward 11 4 34th Ward R 1 35th Ward 6 4 1st Com. Dis I, 7 , 7 A 3d Com. Dis 2 j A 8 1 5th Com Dis 4 6th Com Dis 8 6 Cumberland 5 DeKalb F> DeWitt . . 7 .. 7 DuPage. 1 q Edgar q 4 Effingham 5 Fayette 7 Ford 1 3 3 .. Franklin 5 Fulton. . 1=i Gallatin 4 Greene ... 5 Grundy. . 9 County. Hamilton CQ C, "?. >< ,1 1 Lowden. c i B 1 | Hamlin. | Warner. | Sherman. 10 Hardin ? 4 Henrv 5 8 4 5 1 5 9 5 Jersey 4 Jo Daviess q 5 Kane 26 3 1 14 Kendall 1 4 7 5 5 1 2 13 La Salle 6 6 6 6 31 2 5 12 3 3 3 3 1 2 Logan 5 4'.. li 12 7 6 1 5 1 8 6 s 5 10 4 4 3 2 ^4 . 4 Mercer .. 8 3 1 q 11 4 Ogle n 16 n Perry r> Piatt 7 . . Pike 8 ? i 1 1 Pulaski 1 i 1 1 ^ .. 2 8 | $ $ $ 4 i ">1 (5 24 4 Scott 3 Shelby 8 Stark St Clair 10 11 ? . 1 12 Tazewell 1(1 4 28 Wabaeh } 3 6 s 3 8 White 7 8 1 Will ?5 q 8 12 Woodford 4 1 1 .. Totals: Yates, 49944-06; Lowden, 39653-66, Deneen, 38035-66; Hamlin, 11144-66; Warner; 34 11-66; Sherman, 57 44-66; Pierce 21 33-66. PART THREE: STATISTICAL. 399 FOURTH BALLOT. Same as the third ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as County, indicated : j 17 3 1 Lowden. = z Hamlin. | Warner. _5 -/. g 1 County. t I \ E I 1 Deneen. 1 Hamlin. 1 Warner. 2 3 /. Peoria "5 Pope 2 1 ft Richland 1 1 1 1 S Woodford 4 a Totals: Yates, 493; Lowder , 40411-66; Deneen, r, 34 33-66; Sherman, LLOT in all counties, wards wing, which voted as Boone .... > 4 5 383 57-66; Hamlin, 112; Warm Cook (6th Ward) I >( 54; Pierce. 2133-66. Edwards .... > 3 Ford . . 7 Kane >f 4 Livingston ! 7 2 If 4 6 i i a \ i a 3 1 '2 1 1 The same as the third ballot and districts, except the folio '* indicated: Madison McHenry Woodford 4 > 1 >-> Lowden. - 1 | Hamlin. *~. | Sherman. E Totals: Yates, 4902-3; Lowden, 405 53-( Deneen, 383 35-66; Hamlin, 112 44-66; Warn 3611-66; Sherman, 51 2-3; Pierce, 21J. FIFTH BALLOT. The same as the third ballot in all counties, ws and districts except the following, which voted indicated : 6; er, Alexander 5 f, Edwards > ft Ford g g | rds Kane 26 4 as LaSalle 6 4 6 l 6 6 2 9 Lawrence 3 7 2 4 6 6 3 2 3 5 ft 1 i County. 1 !> Lowden. 1 1 = Warner. Sherman. Madison McHenry R > Peoria 17 Hi Pope fl f, 1 S Pulaski 1 ] 1 1 1 1 1 ] M; Mi Alexander 4 3 Washington g Boone S 5 1 Woodford 3 3 Edwards . ? ? n, 4079-66; Deneen, arner, 39; Sherman, .LOT. in all counties, wards wing, which voted as Ford 9 3 ? Totals: Yates, 494; Lowde 2 The same as the third ballot Peoria 17 10 and districts, except the folio Pope " 1 1 i invicated : Woodford 4 j i 1 S ^ | Lowden. | c r 1 = | Warner. Sherman. 1 < Totals: Yates, 491; Lowden, 40811-66; Deneen County. 380 57-66; Hamlin, 111 ; Warner, 34 33-66; Sherman, 56; Pierce, 21 33-66. SIXTH BALLOT. The same as the third ballot in all counties, va and districts, except the following, which votec indicated : Alexander Boone ?, it 8 rds Cook: 2d Com. Dist. ff as Edwards 2 f Ford fc 6 County. /: :. - (M M | Lowden. e c, -~ 1 : | Hamlin. Warner. : | Sherman. Jackson Kane 2 '<; 2 4 2 2 2 Lawrence t 1 8 Livingston 8 7 2 4 6 A 8 2 WtnW 1 1 Madison - McHenry ft Alexander 5 Monroe ' l~ 2 lit Boone. . . . ft 5 1 2 1 ] -' 1 1 'i 1 1 | ' j Mi Mi Edwards 2 2 Ford 2 Kane 26 4 - , . ' ' Lawrence 4 1 Woodford s 1 Livingston .1 6 ' 4 6 e V 2 .1 (i f 1 '3 1 Totals: Yates, 488; Lowdei 38224-66- Hamlin, 112- W i, 40342-66; Deneen, arner, 44 ; Sherman McHenrv Monroe. . . 4 5033-1)6: Pierce. 2133-66. 400 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. NINTH BALLOT. The same as the third ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated : County. | Lowden. \ Dcnccn. Hamlin. Warner. Sherman. f 2 .. Ford 7 26 4 4 1 8 4 S 3 1 1 Madison 7 6 2 4 1 ? fl 3 2 .. fl fl 17 ID Pulaski 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .. Wabash S 1 Woodford 4 ' Totals: Yates, 494; Lowden, 4059-66; Deneen, 38257-66; Hamlin, 111; Warner, 36; Sherman, 51; Pierce, 22. TENTH BALLOT. The same as the third ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated: County. I >> Lowden. | = ~ = 1 Warner. Sherman. 3 4 Cook 6th Ward ti 11 2 2 .. Ford 5 2 .. 1 1 Kane 2ii 4 La Salle 6 fl fi fi 2 3 4 1 Livingston M 4 3 3 1 1 2 ft '} 2 .. fl ? 17 9 1 Pope 2 1 f 1 1 1 1 Richland 1 1 1 1 .. Wabash ? 1 Woodford 1 3 1 1 Totals: Yates, 489; Lowden 4079-66; Deneen, 37957-66; Hamlin, 114; Warner, 38; Sherman, 52; Pierce, 22. ELEVENTH BALLOT. The same as the third ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated : County. ! - r. Lowden. j E 1 Hamlin. Warner. Sherman. 9 4 Cook 6th Ward 6 ?o ? 2 .. Ford 5 .. 2 1 1 Jersey 4 >r, 4 Knox 7 5 B 1 1 1 4 1 Livingstone . . 3 4 3 3 1 1 County. Y L i) H WS McHenry ? 6 S 2 . Monroe. . ? f Peoria 17 10 Pope ... 9 ? 1 Pulaski 2 ? 1 Richland. . . . 1 1 1 1 Washington *t; Woodford. . . ?. 2 ? *For Rodenberg. Totals: Yates, 489; Lowden, 4019-66; Deneen, 37657-66; HanJin, 118; Warner, 38; Sherman, 52; Pierce, 21 ; Rodenberg, 6. TWELFTH BALLOT. The same as the third ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated : County. >- Lowden. | ! 1 Hnmlin. Warner. Sherman. 3 4 Cook 6th Ward ft >o 2 . 2 .. Ford ' 1 i 2 1 1 4 Kane 2ti 4 7 5 A i i i 4 1 3 4 T 311 McHenry ?: 6 32.. f, ? Peoria 17 10 Pulaski 1 1 1 1 . 1 Richland 1 1 11.. Woodford 2 3 2 Totals: Yates, 489; Lowden, 404 9-66; Deneen, 38057-66; Hamlin, 117; Warner, 39; Sherman, 51; Pierce, 21. THIRTEENTH BALLOT. The same as the third ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated : County. J Lowden. | Deneen. ^= =: Warner. Slicnn.'in. 3 4 Boone. ?, 6 .. Cook: 6th Ward DuPage 6 Id 20 f: <> Ford 4 3 .. Hardin 1 1 Kane X 4 7 5 5 1 1 l 4 1 S 4 3 S 1 l ? 6 ^ 2 .. Monroe f, ? 17 in 1 i 1 1 . 1 1 i 1 1 Woodford 1 l 1 1 2 Totals: Yates, 488; Lowden, 4019-66; Deneen, 38255-66; Hamlin, 111; Warner, 45; Sherman. 53; Pierce, 21. PART THREE: FOURTEENTH BALLOT. STATISTICAL. SIXTEENTH BALLOT. 401 The same as the third ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated : County. 1 "ll B | i Deneen. q 1 Warner. Sherman. County. 1 ~ \ K E 1 = 5 n s c S j Adams 3 5 4 .? Bond ~ Boone 2 5 1 .. Al A 3 2 4 6 6 Brown Boone Coles Cook: 6th Ward DuPage "0 6 3%f Bureau Calhoun Carroll Cass Champaign 1 2 9 A 3 6 3 5 3 1 3 1 .. 3 2 Ford Hardin Jackson Knox. Kane. . . 1 1 3 26 a 2 2 17 1 1 1 B 5 4 4 (i 2 10 R 7 1 5 i 1 1 Christian Clark Clay Clinton Coles 7 A 3 5 14 It ii 3 .. 3 3 3 1 2 1 Cook : 1st Ward Monroe 2d Ward 3d Ward 1 12 i:i 5 5 '.. Pulaski 1 i 1 1 f, 1 1 4th Ward 5th Ward 8 7 5 11 1 20 12 Wabash... Woodford 6th Ward 7th Ward 1 Totals: Yates, 482K; Lowden, 4203-22; Dene 381 19-22; Hamlin, 110; Warner, 36 3 ^; Sherre 50; Pierce, 21. FIFTEENTH BALLOT. The same as the third ballot in all counties, w; and districts, except the following, which votec indicated : 8th Ward 9th Ward 9 12 "' 10th Ward... 7 ' llth Ward 10 12th Ward 9 12 2 4 16 13th Ward 14th Ward 15th Ward U 16th Ward 8 17th Ward 4 10 ll 18th Ward 19th Ward 9 20th Ward. . . 1 is 2 1 Hi 14 21st Ward 22d Ward 23d Ward 11 r(ls 24th Ward 10 as 25th Ward 22 26th W r ard n 27th Ward. . 12 County. 03 3 6 j o d 1 _! \ 28th Ward 14 29th Ward . 6 >< Lowden. Deneen. Hamlin. Warner. Sherman. \d 2( ) 4 Hardin i .. . .... Bond ! 5 > i .. 7 Rrnwn *"5 5 8 . .. 1 . j> I .... Carroll ( > ! 5 4 .... Cass i 3 3 3 9 3 2 ) fh ' t .... Clark J .. Kane 2 i 4 .... Clay i .... Clinton 3 '.'. Kendall 4 1 .. 6 r 5 13 5 1 I 1 Cook: 1st AA'ard 14 Lake La Salle ) 6 \ 1 12 6 6 2 2d Ward 1 12 . 13 s 5 .. 5 .. 3d ^Vurd 4th AVard J 4 > 3 3 1 . . 5th AVird 6 . 11 1 .. 20 .. 12 .. 12 .. .... gth AVard . . 5 7th AVard gth AA'ard 5 7 8 1 5 . . 1 . . gth AVard q 10th AVard Marshall S , Hth AA'ard 10 1 12th AA T ard 9 2 . 4 . 15 . 13 . Af i 13th AA'ard 12 10 . . 14th AA'ard ' 6 3 2 15th AA'ard 4 16th AVard g ' 17th AA'ard t 11 . f . . igth AA'ard 10 2 2 19th AA'ard t) 20th AA'ard 1 18 1 21st Ward 16 . 22d AA'ard 14 Offle 13 23d AA'ard 11 7 10 24th Ward 10 25th AA'ard 22 Piatt 7 .... 26th AA'ard 13 Pike 8 27th AA'ard 12 ' - - 28th AA'ard 14 Pulaski 1 29th AA'ard . . . 6 . 30th AA'ard 1 31 s t AA'ard 14 ? ! 5 i i 32d AA'ard 17 33d AA'ard . . 1 34th AA'ard ^ 35th Ward 17 7 A Scott 2d Com Dis $ 3j|. Shelby - 3d Com Dis Stark ... 4 4th Com Dis 1 St Clair . 1 1 11 2 . 1 . . 5th Com Dis gth Com Dis Ta&ewell 6 5 .. 95 DeKalb 15 DeWitt 7 1 "White 2 a 5 \Vill Fayette Ford 12 .. 5 "Woodford Fulton 5 Totals: Yates, 4724-5; Lowden, 428; 381; Hamlin, 1104-5; Warner, 384-5; i 514-5;Pierpe,21. Deneen, gallatiu 4 .. q PART THREE: SEVENTEENTH BALLOT Cont'd. STATISTICAL. 403 EIGHTEENTH BALLOT. County. 1 I ^ Deneen. .fi | '^ Sherman, The same as the seventeenth ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which jj voted as indicated : = K \ ^' -~ Hamlin. p Sherman. E fi Co nt Hancoct. 11 * Hardin . 1 1 Henry 17 Bureau 1 6 6 i 1 1 1 Iroquois 1 X Ford Jackson Jasper ; 6 I Jackson 2 A 8 Jefferson j r 2 1 > 7 7 1 2 'i 4 2 1 > '2 1 1 Jersey Jo Daviess 1 4 McHenry Johnson Kane >i 4 Wabash I Kankakee 14 ti Kendall 1 4 Woodford A Knox Lake i u i 1 1 1 Totals: Yates, 4834-5; Lowden, 412; Deneen, La Salle 6 4 6 1 12 6 6 j . 379; Hamlin, 118 4-5; Warner, 30 4-5; Sherman, 50; Pierce, 22. Lee ALLOT. ballot in all counties the following, which Livingston 4 ( 1 1 e 1 Macon U r> NINETEENTH I Madison . 7 7 8 1 4 1 The same as the seventeentl Marshall A 'Y H * ' H' Y ! ' ^ Mason S vo e as in ica e . a rf - Lowden. | j: Hamlin. c S = | BE a! 1 McDonough 11 2 '4 6 3 2 County. McLean 4 s Monroe 2 2 i f 6 5 5 1 1 Montgomery Ford Morgan II 4 5 ]l Moultrie 4 4 Ogle L3 t - 9 9 Peoria 17 10 A Pike - i Perry Pulaski 1 3 i 1 1 1 Piatt 7 Wabash Pike X i; Pope 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 Woodford 2 3 1 Pulaski 1 Totals : Yates, 491 4-5; Lowe en, 405; Deneen, 376; -5; Sherman, 50 4-5; 8 Hamlin, 119 4-5; Warner, 37 4 ?. } 2] 1 I i Pierce, 21. Rock Island i'i TWENTIETH BALLOT. The same as the seventeenth ballot in all counties, ^ wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated : >4 4 Scott . . 3 Shelby X Stark St. Clair 10 12 11 2 1 Stephenson Tazewell II County. :> 1 (i Wabash 1 3 1 Washington X 3 I Wavne -, White 7 9 | Whiteside 8 V> 6 \ 1 4 9 5 1 1 1 5 Will Williamson M H > 7 > 9 Winnebago X 13 Pike - 1 Woodford 3 2 1 Wabash 3 Totals: Yates. 4X5 800- 1000; Lowden, 407; Deneen 379; Hamlin, 109800-1000; Warner, 35800-1000; Sherman, 51 800-1000; Pierce, 34. Totals: Yates, 486 4-5; Lowden, 397 4-5; Deneen ' 383; Hamlin, 1094-5; Warner, 514-5; Sherman, 51 4-5; Pierce, 21. 404 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. TWENTY-THIRD BALLOT. TWENTY-FIRST BALLOT. The same as the seventeenth ballot in all count wards and districts, except the following, wh voted as indicated : County. /: ~ C5 | Lowden. d 1 1 '^ | Sherman. 1 les ' Adams JO ih ' Alexander 3 5 4 Bond County. 4 oo 1 Lowden. | uioooi 1 Deneen. Hamlin. 'f 1 : | Sherman. Boone I 2 6 5 1 1 g Ca'houn 9 Cass & Bureau i 1 1 Champaign 3 3 3 .i g 3 2 Cook: 4th Com. Dist Ford Clark 7 ? Clay Jackson j 1 1 6 5 McHenry ji 7 " Coles a 6 Pike 7 1 Cook 11 Wabash 3 1st Ward Woodford 4 2 2d Ward 1 12 13 8 5 S Totals: Yatcs, 486 4-5; Lowden, 409 4-5; Dene 381; Hamlin, 1084-5; Warner, 424-5; Sherm 5 14-5; Pierce, 21. TWENTY-SECOND BALLOT. The same as the seventeenth ballot in all coum wards and districts, except the following, which vc as indicated : 3d Ward en ' 4th Ward an ' 5th Ward 7 6 11 1 20 12 1? 6th Ward 7th Ward 8th Ward 9th Ward ii 10th Ward 7 llth Ward 10 12th Ward 9 12 2 4 US 13th Ward 14th Ward 15th Ward 13 16th Ward 8 17th Ward 4 10 11 18th Ward 19th Ward q 20th Ward 1 18 2 1 Lfl 14 21st Ward 22d Ward 23d Ward 11 24th Ward 11 i es ; 25th Ward 22 ted 26th Ward 13 27th Ward K County. 1 1 Lowden. 3,000, | Deneen. ~ 1 1 ,_! | Warner. ; | Sherman. 29th Ward A 30th Ward 11 31st Ward 2 14 17 32d Ward ~ 33d Ward 11 6 ( 4 ] Bureau 6 34th Ward 35th Ward Ford . . 1 1st Com. Dis I, 7 , 1'. 3 6 :! 'i 8 Jackson ' 1 7 Jersey 4 1 Madison 7 6 2 7 1 5 ' :, 1 5th Com Dis McHenry ' 6th Com Dis ^ Peoria 7 1 1 I Pulaski 1 3 1 1 1 i Wabash DeKalb I Wayne 7 1 DeWitt - Woodford 1 4 1 Totals: Yates, 4864-5; Lowden, 401; Den 386; Hamlin, 1104-5; Warner, 444-5; Shern 51; Pierce, 21. DuPage. . . q Lunar 9 Edwards . Favette Franklin Fulton 1 Gallatin Grundv. . 1 PART THREE: TWENTY-THIRD BALLOT Cont'cl. STATISTICAL. 405 TWENTY-FOURTH BALLOT. County. 1 >H Lowden. c Hamlin. Warner. Sherman. 5 10 1 1 4 Henry . . Iroquois . . ff 8 in 5 Jefferson. . fl ft 4 Jo Daviess 9 5 Kane 26 4 \ \ Kendall 1 4 7 5 n 1 i i Lake .... 13 La Salle A 6 A A 3 2 Lawrence . . . 4 1 12 Livingston . 3 4 3 3 1 1 5 4 . . Macon. . . is 12 Madison 7 6 1 5 . 1 8 Marshall ti -, Massac . . . !> McDonough in McHenry > 7 " 2 .. McLean >4 4 Mercer .. 8 9, 1 1 1 Morgan II Moultrie 4 Ogle IS 17 10 Perry A Piatt 7 .. Pike 8 > 1 1 1 Pulaski 1 1 1 1 . i Putnam fl Randolph . s 1 4 g j i 711 Saline 6 Sangamon 24 Schuyler 4 Scott } Shelby 8 Stark St. Clair 8 8 s Stephenson n Tazewell 1(1 Union 4 Vermilion ?5 Wabash 3 Warren 3 .. 6 A Wayne 8 White 7 s 5 1 Will '-, Williamson q s 1? Woodford i'; Totals: Yates, 4834-5; Lowden, 3934-5; Deneen, 369; Hamlin, 1484-5; Warner, 354-5; Sherman, 50; Pierce, 21. County. i 09 ^ 1 Lowden. | I A I Hamlin. &4 s Sherman. "0 li 5 4 Bond r> ? 2 1 1 fl ii 6 1 1 Carroll . . 9 5 3 3 8 3 'i 3 2 Clark 7 Clav. . A Clinton 5 Coles. 3 A 3 Cook: 1st Ward II 2d Ward 1 IL' 13 8 5 5 3d Ward . . 4th Ward 5th Ward 7 6 II 1 I'd 6th Ward 7th Ward 8th Ward 1" 9th Ward 9 10th Ward 7 llth Ward 10 12th Ward !l 1.' 2 -1 15 13th Ward 14th Ward . . . 15th Ward 13 Kith Ward. . . . 8 17th Ward 4 III 11 18th Ward 19th Ward ' 20th Ward I 18 2 1 16 II 21st Ward 22d Ward 23d Ward 1 1 24th Ward 10 25th Ward 22 26th Ward r-! 27th Ward. T> 28th Ward ... 14 29th Ward 6 30th Ward 11 31st Ward a 14 17 32d Ward 33d Ward 1! A 6 l/i I', ! 6 4 1 4 3J| 8 4 34th Ward 35th Ward. 2d Com Dis 3d Com Dis 4th Com Dis 1 8 A 5 DeKalb I--, DeWitt 7 Douglas 7 Dul "age . 1 9 9 Edgar 9 Kffiiigham r Favette 7 Ford Franklin 5 Fulton In Gallatin 4 - Grundv. . . 1 406 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. TWENTY-FOURTH BALLOT-Cont'd. TWENTY-FIFTH BALLOT. County. t "?. > c c/ 1 B o o j^ z: H X Warner. Sherman. n in 1 f 4 A S 1(1 5 11 5 4 9 Johnson . . . T T, 4 Kankakee. . 14 Kendall 1 4 7 ft 5 1 i i Lake... 13 LaSalle. . 8 A 6 6 3 2 Lawrence 4 1 Lee 12 Livingston it 4 3 a 1 1 5 4 Macon 15 12 Madison . . 7 4 1 7 1 Marion 8 Marshall. 6 5 Massac . . . > McDonough .. 10 McHenrv ? 7 ? 2 McLean >4 Menard 4 Mercer 8 Monroe f ? Montgomery '( 11 Moultrie. . 4 Ogle in Peoria . . 17 j< 7 Perrv ft Piatt. . . 7 Pike 8 Pope . ? 1 1 1 Pulaski 1 1 1 1 1 .. Putnam ? Randolph 8 Richland j 1 i 4 i Rock Island '1 Saline ... (i Sangamon >4 Sehuvler . 4 Scott . . ? Shelby. . 8 Stark. . St. Clair . . 10 11 1 Stephenson 12 Tazewell . . . 11) Union 4 Vermilion .... ""> Wabash '! Warren it 6 Washington ft i Wayne . . s White 7 Whiteside g 5 i Will '-, <) Winnebago 8 T? Woodford. ii Totals: Yates, 4864-5; Lowden, 398; Deneen. 375; Hamlin, 1354-5; Warner, 364-5; Sherman, 49; Pierce, 21. County. 03 ;, >- Lowden. c A) V 1 H.-inilin. Wnrner. Sherman. Adams '(1 'I 4 Bond 5 j 3 2 Brown ? 1 e 1 1 1 Calhoun ? Carroll ') Cass 5 ? i s 3 3 2 Christian 9 Clark 7 Clay 6 Clinton 5 Coles S 6 3 Cook: 1st Ward 14 2d Ward 1 1" Gallatin i Greene T Grundv. . . 'i PART THREE. TWENTY-FIFTH BALLOT Cont'd. STATISTICAL. 407 TWENTY-SIXTH BALLOT. County. H 1 Lowden. E 1 Hamlin. 1 I Sherman. The same as the twenty-fifth ballot in all counties wards and districts, except the following, which jj voted as indicated : K '/ J Lowden. Deneen. Hamlin. Warner. Sherman. 1 j Hamilton r Hancock. . Ill Hardin I 1 4 Henry 17 Cook (4th Ward) s Iroquois (1 8 4th Com Dis r, 2 3 Jersey 4 Jo Daviess 9 16 1 9 1 1 1 1 4 'i i 1 'i Johnson ft Pulaski Kane 21 i 4 Woodford Kendall 14 1 7 4 S 18 * One vote for Cannon. Lowden, 402335-770; 111440-770; Warner, N); Pierce. 2(1440-770; I BALLOT. ballot in all counties, the following, which Knox 5 1 1 1 Totals: Yates, 483440-770; Deneen, 385545-770; Hamlin, Lake La Salle 6 4 (i 1 6 6 8 2 39 440-770; Sherman, 51 440-7 Cannon, 1. Lawrence Lee Livingston 8 5 4 8 8 1 1 TWF1MTV WVFNTl Logan Macon 1,5 Macoupin 1 The same as the twenty-fiftt Madison e 6 ft 1 6 1 wards and districts, except voted as indicated : Marion a Mason 5 1 Lowden. j Deneen. Hamlin. Warner. Sherman. | oj Massac 5 McDonough ; . . . . in County. McHenry 2 'I 7 2 2 McLean 1 Mercer s Cook (4th Ward) 8 2 >t 2 Jackson 4 24 5 ft 5 5 S ft 1 1 8 Montgomerv Kane 1 1 Madison li ^ 1 Moultrie 4 McHenry Ogle is Peoria 17 10 Peoria IS 7 o 1 1 Pike 7 1 Pulaski 1 1 1 fi 1 1 Piatt 7 Woodford Pike Pope . . . 8 2 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 Totals: Yates, 482440-770; Lowden, 407335-770; 110440-770; Warner, '0; Pierce, 2 1440-770. Pulaski 1 Deneen, 388545-770; Hamlin, 39 440-770; Sherman, 51 440-7' Putnam Randolph S 1 1 i 4 * TWENTY-EIGHTH BALLOT. Rock Island Saline li , ballot in all counties, the Mowing, which Sangamon Schuvler 4 Scott ' 1 2 Shelby Stark x 4 County. I -r 1 g 1 Hamlin. Warner. Sherman. St. Clair 10 12 11 2 1 Stephenson Tazewell in Union 4 Vermilion >5 Boone 2 2 4 Warren fi Bureau Cook (4th Ward) 1 6 g 5 1 1 Washington Wavne 's 8 8 Jersey 4 White Whiteside 7 8 25 5 1 McHenry 2 17 7 6 10 2 8 Wil! Pike Williamson ') Pulaski 1 1 1 g 1 1 Winnebago 8 ]> Wbodford 1 4 l Woodford 6 Totals : Yates, 489 440-770; Lowden, 407 335-770; Deneen, 381 545-770; Hamlin, 111 440-770; Warner. 39 440-770; Sherman, 50 440-770; Pierce, 21 440-770, Totals: Yates, 482 440-770; Lowden, 400 325-770; Deneen, 393 545-770; Hamlin, 110 40-770- Warner, 40 440-770; Sherman, 51 440-770; Pierce, 22 440-770. 408 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. THIRTY-FIRST BALLOT. TWENTY-NINTH BALLOT. The same as the twenty-fifth ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated : County. JO i ~ Lowden. | Deneen. Hamlin. Warner. Sherman. 3 4 1 . . Bureau . . 1 li 5 1 Cook (4th Ward) 8 6th Ward fi 20 Gallatin 3 1 Jersey 4 '4 5 1 Madison . . fi 5 ?, fi . 1 ? fi ? 3 . Peoria .... 17 10 Pike 7 1 .. 6 White fi 1 Woodford 8 1 1 i . . Totals: Yates, 481 440-770; Lowden, 404 325-770; Deneen, 382 545-770; Hamlin, 115 440-770; Warner, 38 440-770; Sherman, 56 440-770; Pierce, 22 440-770. THIRTIETH BALLOT. The same as the twenty-fifth Ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated: County. 1 >H Lowden. | Deneen. Hamlin. Warner. Sherman. Boone 2 9 4 Cook (4th Ward). . . 8 6th Ward A '0 Kane 1 'ii -{ Lake 1 11 1 McHenry Peoria . . . . 2 17 9 8 -< > 2 Pope a 1 1 .. 1 i 1 1 1 1 Scott 3 St Clair 10 11 g Washington li Will ' r l Woodford 6 Totals: Yates, 437 440-770; Lowden, 452 325-770; Deneen, 382 545-770; Hamlin, 111 440-770; Warner, 44 440-770; Sherman, 51 440-770; Pierce, 21 440-770. County. GJ 1 >l Lowden. Deneen. c I c .^ J= Vj ''ft g 4 Bond 5 ' ' 5 1 2 1 6 5 1 1 > Carrol) g i 3 3 3 3 3 8 q Clark 7 Clav fi 5 Coles 3 6 3 Cook: 1st Ward 14 2d Ward . 1 12 5 3d Ward 13 5 4th Ward 8 5th Ward 7 1 6th Ward 6 20 7th Ward 11 12 8th Ward . . 12 9th Ward 9 10th Ward 7 llth Ward 10 12th Ward q ? 13th Ward 12 4 14th Ward 16 15th Ward. 13 16th Ward '8 17th Ward . ... 4 1 1 18th Ward 10 19th Ward q 20th Ward ....". 1 IS 1 21st Ward > Hi 22d Ward 14 23d Ward 11 24th Ward 10 25th Ward Iff 26th Ward 13 27th Ward 12 28th Ward 14 29th Ward fi 30th Ward 11 31st Ward g 14 32d Ward 17 33d Ward 11 4 34th Ward 6 T 35th Ward fi 4 1 , 7 7 2d Com Dis 1'.: V4 3d Com Dis 9 4th Com Dis 6 8 1 5th Com. Dis 4 6th Com Dis 8 Crawford A 5 DeKalb 15 DeWitt 7 Douglas 7 DuPage 1 q Edgar q ? ? 5 Fayette 7 Ford 7 5 Fulton IS Gallatin \ Greene a Grundv. . . 9 PART THREE. THIRTY-FIRST BALLOT Cont'd. STATISTICAL. 409 County. , > Lowden. Deneen. Hamlin. Warner. Sherman. Hamilton 5 Hancock. . . 10 Hardin 1 1 Henderson . . 4 Henry .... - t Iroquois .... 5 8 Jackson 1 9 Jasper ^ Jefferson ' ft Jersey 4 Jo Daviess * Lowden. Deneen. Hamlin. Warner. Sherman. Gallatin f ?! 1 5 4 LaSalle ii ii ft A 3 fl Madison li 8 1 4 .. 1 Pike 7 1 Pulaski 1 1 1 1 i .. Totals- Yates, 428 440-770; Lowden, 467 325-770; Deneen, 387 545-770; Hamlin, 111 440-770; Warner, 34 440-770; Sherman, 49 440-770; Pierce, 22 440-770. THIRTY-FOURTH BALLOT. The same as the thirty-first ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated : County. $ $ Lowden. Deneen. ^c := E 1 1 1 1 5 4 A 7 1 5 .. i Pike ft ft Pulaski. ... . .... 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 Totals: Yates, 431; Lowden, 466J^; Deneen, 389H; Hamlin, 111; Warner, 32; Sherman, 50; Pierce 22. THIRTY-FIFTH BALLOT. The same as the thirty-first ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated: Totals: Yates, 431 440-770; Lowden, 473 325-770; Deneen, 383 545-770; Hamlin, 107 440-770; Warner, 32 440-770; Sherman, 50 440-770; Pierce, 22 440-770. County. I ei >< Lowden. 1 Deneen. M Warner. Sherman. Cook (1st Com. Dis ) . . \ 1 7 1 "> 4 Kane 25 S ? La Salle 6 6 ii 6 3 2 6 7 1 5 . 1 McHenrv . . 2 A 8 3 410 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. THIRTY-FIFTH BALLOT-Cont'd. THIRTY-EIGHTH BALLOT. County. j-- Lowden. Deneen. = ~. Sherman. g County. & i I.owilcn. ! j Deneen. 1 j c Pulaski 1 1 > 1 1 1 1 1 'i i >0 Richland a 5 4 Wabash Bond Washington 8 8 2 2 5 i Will 26 Woodford ;< 3 Bureau 3 4 5 l i Totals: Yates, 483; Lowden, 408^; Deneen, 39 Hamlin, 109; Warner, 38; Sherman, 49; Pierce, 2[ THIRTY-SIXTH BALLOT. The same as the thirty-first ballot in all counl wards and districts, except the following, wl voted as indicated : 11. Calhoun J ' Carroll ' ' Cass 3 3 3 3 3 2 ies, Clark 7 ich clay . ... li Clinton 5 County. J* * ^ -5 1 Deneen. 1 tJ a Coles Cook: 1st Ward 14 2d Ward 1 12 18 8 5 5 3d Ward 4th Ward Boone (i 1 5th Ward 1 7 5 11 9 1 20 12 1? Bureau Cook (1st Com. Dis.) . Jackson 1 1 5 6 1 5 7 A 1 1 7th Ward 8th Ward 9th Ward Kane Madison McHenry Pope Pulaski Richland 25 2 2 1 1 3 5 6 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 (i 7 2 1 1 . 1 3 .. 11 '.'. i 10th Ward llth Ward 12th Ward 13th Ward 14th Ward 15th Ward 16th Ward 7 10 n U 2 4 15 18 8 Will 25 Woodford 3 3 Totals: Yates, 492; Lowden, 390^; Den 398H; Hamlin, 111; Warner, 37; Sherman, Pierce, 22. THIRTY-SEVENTH BALLOT. The same as the thirty-first ballot in all coun wards and districts, except the following, w! voted as indicated: 18th Ward 19th Ward > en 20th Ward i. 21st Ward 1 10 9 is 2 1 11 14 22d Ward 23d Ward 11 24th Ward ies. 25th Ward 22 lich 26th Ward n 27th Ward i; County. i 1 J | K 1 f S ! 28th Ward 29th Ward 6 30th Ward 11 o 31st Ward 2 14 17 32d Ward < 33d Ward '] 11 6 6 1 \}-2 'I 6 4 1 4 7 31 i 8 4 i: Boone (i 1 i 34th Ward Bureau i i 6 1 5 7 10 1 i Cook (1st Com. Dis.) Hancock Henderson 4 Jackson ff Jersey 4 C) Kane 25 (i 6 3 5 2 (i 6 10 Crawford ( Madison 4 Cumberland DeKalb i McDonough , 7 McHenry 2 ti ) 3 Menard 4 ,, Mercer 8 ,, Pulaski 1 1 :>, 1 1 1 1 ti 1 1 c Richland Fffi h Warren 1 .til MK uni Washington (i 7 Will. . . 26 Woodford 3 3 Fulton 1 Totals: Yates, 487; Lowden, 395M; Den 445JX; Hamlin, 109; Warner, 37: Sherman, ' Grundv. . . ( THREE: THIRTY-EIGHTH BALLOT Cont'd. STATISTICAL. 411 County. | c 'a j Deneen. Hamlin. c c :5 -S s- a; 5 II) Hardin 1 1 4 5 8 4 5 1 5 ft 5 4 9 Johnson fl 28 ft 2 Kankakee 14 Kendall 1 4 7 5 1 ? 1 1 11 1 La Salle Ii A A fi 3 4 1 Lee 12 3 4 ft T 1 Logan 5 4 .. 15 12 A 5 5 4 Marion 8 Marshall A 4 1 .. 5 10 ft 6 7! 2 '4 4 fl Monroe n ? 9 11 4 Ogle. ii 17 7 S Perrv 6 Piatt. . . 7 .. Pike 7 1 fl 1 1 1 Pulaski 1 1 1 1 9 8 1 1 1 1 .. 21 Saline r, M 4 Scott 3 Shelbv 8 Stark St C'lair . ... 10 11 A Stephenson r> Tazewell 10 I Vermilion as Wabah jj Warren 8 A ii Wavne . . s White 7 Whiteside . S 5 1 Will 2.5 Williamson !) S is Woodford i 8 THIRTY-NINTH BALLOT. The same as the thirty-eighth ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated : County. i n > Lowden. | d c C Hamlin. Warner. Sherman. Boone 3 4 1 .. 1 i; A 1 Cook (6th Ward) A >o 1st Com Dis ? 7 Jackson 9 S ? 1 Kane , >4 ?, ? 2 .. A 4 4 1 A A ? 6 Peoria 17 10 Richland f 1 t 1 Woodford 1 5 Totals: Yates, 483; Lowden, 390^; Deneen, 442H; Hamlin, 112; Warner, 36; Sherman, 2; Pierce, 30: FORTIETH BALLOT. The same as the thirty-eighth ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as. indicated : County. S S CJ qj V I Hamlin. Warner. Sherman 3 4 1 Bureau 1 A 5 1 Cook (6th Ward) A '0 1st Com Dis ' 7 Jackson f S ? 1 Kane 24 2 .. Knox A 4 4 1 A A ? A r 10 Pike A 2 .. 1 1 1 1 1 Woodford 1 S Totals: Yates, 482; Lowden, 396^; Deneen, 440^' Hamlin, 111; Warner, 40; Sherman, 2; Pierce; 30. FORTY-FIRST BALLOT. The same as the thirty-eighth ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated: Totals: Yates, 490; Lowden, 393K; Deneen, 441}^; Hamlin, 113; Warner, 37; Sherman, 2; Pierce, 25. Count}*. \ >* Lowden. Deneen. ~ I Warner. Sherman 3 4 1 1 ft S 1 Cook (6th Ward) 6 JO 2 7 Jackson 2 4 2 2 .. 4 Kane 24 2 2 2 Knox. A 4 4 1 Madison A A 2 A 2 ?, 17 10 Pike 8 Pulaski 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 s < Woodford 1 5 Totals: Yates, 484; Lowden, 399.^; Deneen. 433V3; Hamlin, 111; Warner, 41; Sherman, 2; Pierce, 31. 412 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. FORTY-SECOND BALLOT. The same as the thirty-eighth ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, whicli County, voted as indicated : o3 C8 2-2 6 p | 5 s 2 4 ] ,0 1 Hamlin. :-.' 2 : : ! Sherman 5 County. f vs | Lowden. c H: Q n' x u | Warner. I Sherman. Kane -i -ri Peoria . 17 10 Pike 6 9 Richland. 1 1 3 1 ': 1 \ 5 5 i 2 Washington Cook (6th Ward) ft >o Woodford 1 .-> 1st Com Dis ? 7 en, 402H; Deneen, r, 39; Sherman, 2; ALLOT, i ballot in all counties ;he following, which Jackson ?! 4 ' ? Totals: Yates, 478; Lowd Jersey 4 436H; Hamlin, 113; Warm Kane 24 6 6 2 4 (i 2 4 > 'i 6 2 Pierce, 31. "5 Knox Madison . . . Massac 4 1 Peoria .... 17 in FORTY-FIFTH 1 Pike 8 The same as the thirty-eight! Richland. . 1 1 3 1 '! 1 wards and districts, except Washington. . . voted as indicated: Woodford 1 5 Totals: Yates, 482; Lowden, 400"^; Dem 433^; Hamlin, 111; Warner, 41; Sherman, Pierce, 32. FORTY-THIRD BALLOT. The same as the thirty-eighth ballot in all coun wards and districts, except the following, wl voted as indicated: en, 2 1 County. i Lowden. Deneen. Hamlin. Warner. -2. ~7. (2 ">, 4 , 1 5 (i 6 9(i 1 .. i l e ^' Cook (6th Ward) 1st Com Dis Jackson 2 4 2 ? County. I Lowden. 1 Deneen. Hamlin. Warner. c C3 ^ Kane 22 6 (i 17 2 -1 > 11) 2 4 1 2 1 5 2 's fc Pike 6 2 Washington .'i 3 1 5 ii & 20 1 ., Woodford 1 5 Cook (6th Ward) Totals' Yates 480- Lowd en, 403!<; Deneen, r, 39; Sherman, 2; BALLOT, i ballot in all counties, the following, which 7 435"^- Hamlin 111- Warne Jackson 2 4 4 2 . 2 Pierce. 31. Jersey Kane ... >) ? 9 9 9 .5 FORTY-SIXTH 6 6 17 4 5 10 4 2 1 5 *2 Peoria Pike. 6 > The same as the thirty-eight -' 3 wards and districts, except Woodford * i 5 voted as indicated: * For Reeves. Totals: Yates, 479; Lowden, 396^; Deneen 435H; Hamlin, 116; Warner, 39; Sherman, 2 Pierce, 32; Reeves, 2. FORTY-FOURTH BALLOT. The same as the thirty-eighth ballot in all counties, wards and district, except the following, which, voted as indicated : County. | ~^. > Lowden. H 4} C 1 Hamlin. Warner. Sherman. Boone 3 4 1 .. 1 5 ") 1 Cook (6th Ward) fi ''(I 1st Com Dis 9 7 Jackson p 4 9 2 .lersev. . . 4 County. 1 ;S -r 1 Deneen. Hamlin. ^ ri C C II g 4 1 l fi fi 1 Cook (6th Ward) 6 9 20 7 9 4 ? 2 . Kane 22 2 2 ? 2 .. ii 4 4 1 LaSalle fi 6 i; fi 2 .. fi S 1 *, Peoria * Pike 17 R 1(1 1 1 1 1 3 3 Woodford 1 5 .. Totals: Yates, 482; Lowden, 404' -i; Deneen. 433M; Hamlin, 112; Warner, 37; Sherman, 2; Pierce, 31. PART THREE: STATISTICAL. 413 FORTY-SEVENTH BALLOT. FORTY-NINTH BALLOT. The same as the thirty-eighth ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated: The same as the thirty-eighth ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated County. nj > 1 S Deneen. Hamlin. Warner. Sherman. County. i 8 4. \ Ix>wden. Deneen. ^ =; :: I Sherman. i Boone 3 4 1 .. Bureau 1 3 6 ft 6 3 >o 1 3 3 .. Cook (6th Ward) Boone 1 20th Ward 6 13 ? 1 7 Bureau 1 5 fi 5 '0 1 2 1st Com. Dis Cook (Oth Ward) Ford ft 1 .. 1st Com. Pis 2 7 Hancock . 10 2 4 1 2 ? Henderson 4 2 4 4 2 2 .. 22 6 6 6 \- 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 1 2 1 6 5 2 '2 Jersey Knox 5 Kane 22 6 6 6 2 4 6 8 2 4 6 1 2 1 6 5 2 .. '2 '.'. La Salle 3 Knox La Salle Peoria Madison Pike 8 McDonough 10 Richland 1 1 n 1 3 1 Menard ,. 4 Mercer. 8 Woodford . 1 5 Peoria 17 10 Totals: Yates, 482; Lowden, 403^; Den< 432J4; Hamlin, 111; Warner, 38; Sherman, Pierce, 33. Pike en . Pulaski K 2 3 1 1 1 1 2 I Union Warren S 6 Washington 3 it Woodford. . . 1 ft Totals: Yates, 487; Lowden, 399)3; Deneen, 391J4; Hamlin, 111; Warner, 39; Sherman, 42; Pierce, 32. FORTY-EIGHTH BALLOT. The same as the thirty-eighth ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated: FIFTIETH BALLOT. The same as the thirty-eighth ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which County. 1 - >> = -~ E ,3 I S d =5 Warner. Sherman. voted as indicated: i Z County. I n '-~ ^ \ Lowden. | Deneen. I Hamlin. - I Warner. | Sherman. Boone ? ?, 4 1 6 6 6 '() 1 Cook (6th Ward) Boone \ 20th Ward 6 13 fl 1 7 Bureau \ 3 (i 3 li 5 3 '0 1 3 '3 '.'. Champaign Ford . A 1 Cook (6th Ward). . . o 4 <> 1 20th Ward .... us st 1 7 4 1st Com. Dis 2-2 6 6 6 17 8 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 1 2 1 6 5 9 Ford f, 1 .. 5 Jackson 2 4 4 2 2 .. La Salle 2 3 Jersey. 2'2 6 6 6 17 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 1 2 1 5 2 .. '2 " Peoria Pike Knox La Salle 9 1 1 1 Madison 1 1 3 1 3 1 Peoria Pike 8 Woodford 1 5 Pulaski 1 1 ? 1 1 1 1 1 l l 1 .. Totals: Yates, 486; Lowden, 397H; Dem 432K; Hamlin, 112; Warner, 41; Sherman, Pierce, 31. Richland en - Union - ! Washington 3 8 Woodford 1 S Totals: Yates, 486; Lowden, 399>3; Deneen, 431K; Hamlin, 113; Warner, 40; Pierce, 32. 414 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. FIFTY-FIRST BALLOT. FIFTY-FIRST BALLOT Cont'd. County. | ?M 20 -r J g 01 f a Hamlin. a .- = r V^ C 3 ,5 4 Bond 2 2 4 2 1 2 6 5 1 1 9 5 3 8 3 3 9 3 2 Clark 7 a Clay 3 'i 5 14 12 13 8 6 3 Cook: 1st Ward 2d Ward 5 4 3d Ward * 4th Ward 5th Ward 7 6 11 1 20 12 12 6th Ward 7th Ward 8th Ward 9th Ward 9 10th Ward 7 llth Ward 10 12th Ward 9 12 2 4 r, 13th Ward 14th Ward 15th Ward 13 16th Ward. 8 17th Ward 4 1(1 11 18th Ward 19th Ward 9 20th Ward 6 13 2 1 16 14 21st Ward 22d Ward 23d Ward 11 24th Ward 111 25th Ward ?? 26th Ward 13 27th Ward 1" 28th Ward 14 29th Ward 6 30th Ward 11 31st Ward 2 14 17 32d Ward 33d Ward 11 e 2 4 1 4 7 34th Ward 35th Ward 2d Com. Dis 3d Com Dis IX 2 (i 3J| 8 4 1 5th Com Dis 6th Com Dis s .' DeKalh \'i DeWitt 7 Douglas 7 DuPage 1 a Edgar 2 .. 21 I jffingham 5 ... Favette 7 Ford 6 1 5 Fulton 15 ... Oallatin 4 5 (Irundv. . . 9 .. County. 1 > Lmvden. Deneen. Hamlin. . c' : E ^. 1 Hancock. . 10 Hardin 1 1 Henderson . 4 Henry Iroquois 5 8 10 . Jasper 5 Jefferson 1 Schuvler 4 Scott . . S Shelby 8 Stark. . ' St. Clair III ll 3 12 Tazewell . . ID 3 1 Vermilion . . 25 Wabash g Warren 1 fl S 3 s White 7 8 5 1 Will ?5 9 8 \"> Woodford 1 :> Totals: Yates, 483; Lowden, 3933^; Deneen, 429^; Hamlin, 112; Warner, 50; Pierce, 33; Clif- ford, 1. *For Clifford. PART THREE: FIFTY-SECOND BALLOT. The same as the fifty-first ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated: d . B County. | -5 3: E 3 G Z 1 Cook (3d Ward) 13 5 Kane >) 1 3 .. Richland. i 1 1 1 .. Union . . 8 1. Totals: Yates, 483; Lowden, 393^; Deneen, ; Hamlin, 111 ; AVarner, 52; Pierce, 33. STATISTICAL. 415 FIFTY-FIFTH BALLOT. The same as the fifty-first ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated: . County. Cook (3d Ward)... Kane. . . 13 5 22 2 2 Totals: Yates, 483; Lowden, 393H; Deneen, 430 y>; Hamlin, 110; Warner, 52; Pierce, 33. FIFTY-THIRD BALLOT. The same as the fifty-first ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated : jj County. i -5 i = 1 1 i -i > J) Q = & '-A Cook (3d Ward) IS 5 Kane w fi ^ 4 La Salle 6 6 6 6 3 .. Totals: Yates, 483; Lowden, 393V; Deneen, 430>; Hamlin, 110; Warner, 53; Pierce, 32. FIFTY-SIXTH BALLOT. The same as the fifty-first ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated: County. d 0; - > d -f Deneen. Hamlin. Warner. Sherman. Cook(3d Ward) 13 5 Kane ?? ' ? 4 . La Salle 6 6 6 fi 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S 1 Wabash ? 1 .. Totals: Yates, 482; Lowden, 393^; Deneen, 429K; Hamlin, 110; Warner, 54; Pierce, 33. FIFTY-FOURTH BALLOT. The same as the fifty-first ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated: County. \ >~ Lowden. | ^ a Hamlin. Warner. Sherman. 1 T 1 .. Cook (3d Ward) n 5 Kane 99 2 2 4 .. Pike fi ?, Totals: Yates, 481; Lowden, 392}^; Deneen, 429^; Hamlin, 111; Warner, 55; Pierce, 33. FIFTY-SEVENTH BALLOT. The same as the fifty-first ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated: County. i > Lowden. | Deneen. Hamlin. Warner. Sherman. Cook (3d Ward) n 5 10 .. 4 22 ? 1, 4 .. Knox 8 4 4 1 1 .. La Salle A B 6 A 3 10 . 4 8 Pulaski 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .. Warren 3 fi Totals: Yates, 483; Lowden, 393^; Deneen 388)4; Hamlin, 109; Warner, 54; Sherman, 43; Pierce, 31. 416 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. FIFTY-EIGHTH BALLOT. County. i B cj g Hamlin. Warner, Sherman. "0 a 4 Bond 5 Boone f, SI 4 .. Bureau i ft B 1 t Carroll 5 Champaign 3 3 3 3 3 2 q Clark 7 Clay. . . . ft Clinton D Coles S P, 3 Cook: 1st Ward 14 2d Ward 1 12 5 3d Ward 13 5 4th Ward 8 5th Ward 7 1 6th Ward 6 20 7th Ward 11 1? 8th Ward. . . .... 12 9th Ward q 10th Ward 7 llth Ward 10 12th Ward 9 ? 13th Ward r> 4 14th Ward.. u 15th Ward 13 16th Ward 8 17th Ward 4 11 18th Ward in 19th Ward 20th Ward fi 13 1 21st Ward ft Hi 22d Ward 14 23d Ward 11 24th Ward in 25th Ward 22 26th Ward 13 27th Ward V 28th Ward 14 29th Ward fi 30th Ward 11 31st Ward 2 14 32d Ward 17 33d Ward 11 4 34th Ward 1 35th Ward ft 4 1st Com. Dis 9 7 2d Com. Dis 1'X 3 1 > 3d Com. Dis 2 7 4th Com. Dis ft 8 1 4 6th Com. Dis 8 Crawford (i 5 DeKalb lii DeWitt 7 .. 7 DuPage 1 Edgar 9 Edwards 2 , 2 .. g Favette 7 Ford fi 1 Franklin 5 Fulton IT Gallatin 4 Greene 5 Grundv. . . 9 County. I - >-i Lowden. Deneen. Hamlin. Sj i 2 1 ^ -/. Hamilton 5 10 1 1 4 Iroquois . . . . .... 5 8 10 .. <> ? 5 Jersey 4 9 5 Kane >> ?, ? 4 .. 14 Kendall 1 4 Knox 6 4 4 1 1 ?: Lake 1 11 1 LaSalle 6 li 6 6 2 .. 4 1 Lee 12 Livingston 3 4 3 3 1 .. Logan 5 4 .. is 1? Madison 6 8 1 5 8 Marshal] fi 4 1 .. Massae 5 McDonough 10 McHenry ... 1 6 ? 2 .. McLean >4 4 Mercer .. 8 ? ? '1 Morgan 11 Moultrie . . 4 Ogle 13 17 10 Perry fi Piatt. . . , 7 .. Pike 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Putnam ? Randolph q ' Richland 1 1 1 1 .. Rock Island >! Saline fi '1 4 Scott . . . 3 Shelby 8 Stark St Clair . . . in 11 3 Stephenson 12 Tazewell 10 S 1 Vermilion ';-> Wai >ash S Warren 3 .. 6 3 S Wavne 8 White 7 Whiteside 8 5 1 Will . ''i Williamson it 8 1'' Woodford 3 3 Totals: Yates, 483; Lowden, 392J4; Deneen, 385>i; Hamlin, 113; Warner, 53; Sherman, 46; Pierce, 29. PART THREE: FIFTY-NINTH BALLOT. STATISTICAL. 417 County. a Lowden. i 1 = =. Warner. Sherman. 'o Alexander -! 4 Bond 5 Boone ? ? 4 .. Brown ? Bureau . . . 1 6 5 \ Calhoun 9 Carroll. . . Cass 5 Champaign ft 3 R 3 3 2 Christian Q Clark 7 Clay a Clinton : 5 Coles -t 6 3 .. Cook: 1st Ward 14 2d Ward i 12 ft 3d Ward r-! ft 4th Ward 8 5th Ward 7 1 6th Ward A "0 7th Ward 11 12 8th Ward 1? 9th Ward 9 10th Ward 7 llth Ward 10 12th Ward 'i ? 13th Ward V 4 14th Ward 1ft 15th Ward 18 16th Ward i 7 17th Ward 4 11 18th Ward 10 19th Ward .) 26th Ward n 27th Ward i" 28th Ward 14 29th Ward A 30th Ward 11 31st Ward ^ 14 32d Ward 17 33d Ward 11 4 34th Ward A 1 35th Ward (i 4 1st Com. Dis ? 7 2d Com. Dis p , i 1 3d Com. Dis . . \ 4th Com Dis i K 8 1 5th Com. Dis 4 6th Com. Dis S r, Cumberland /i DeKalb ifi DeWitt 7 .. Douglas 7 DuPage i 9 Edgar 9 a 1 .. ft Fayette 7 Ford ft f, Franklin 5 Fulton !"> ^ -, q 27 County. 1 I-owden. d B 1 = = u 1 n s Sherman. | 5 ID 1 i 4 IT 5 i n 7 i ft a ft 4 ? 8 4 14 Kendall 1 4 5 4 4 2 1 ? ft 1 11 1 LaSalle. fi A A A B 1 9 4 t Lee 12 3 4 R 8 1 1 -) 4 15 12 r, A 1 A 1 8 Marshall (i -, Massac 5 10 McHenry : ? A 3 > >1 4 Mercer s f ? Montgomery 9 Morgan 11 Moultrie 4 Ogle n IT 6 > t, Perry Piatt 7 Pike S Pope 2 1 1 1 Pulaski 1 1 1 1 f U s 1 1 1 1 Rock Island ?1 Saline 6 >1 Schuvler I Scott 3 Shelby R Stark 4 St Glair in 11 } Stephenson 12 10 Union 4 B Wabash 3 3 fi Washington ft ft Wayne 8 White 7 Whiteside. . . s > 1 Will >-, Williamson <) s I 9 Woodford 3 3 Totals: Yates, 487; Lowden, 396}^; Deneen 383H; Hamlin, llli; Warner, 41; Sherman, 50; Pierce, 28. 418 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. B1ATUUH BAlilAJl. The same as the fifty-ninth ballot in all coun wards and districts, except the following, wi voted as indicated: ies. County. T L D H W 8 P Kane. . . La Salle 21 6 A a 6 8 6 'e 3 1 '2 '2 County. i. ~. >- Lowden. Deneen. % \ | x ^;* Pike g Pulaski. . . 1 24 1 1 1 i 1 S3 Will 3-( : en, 401^; Deneen, r, 43; Sherman, 51; BALLOT. Ballot in all counties, the following, which Kane 22 e \ 1 (i 1 2 6 'e 3 1 "i 393J^; Hamlin,' 121;' Warne 2 Pierce 27. SIYTV FHITPTW LaSalle Peoria .... 17 A 4 Pike 7 1 The same as the fifty-ninth Richland 1 ?, 1 1 1 1 wards and districts, except voted as indicated: Wahash Totals: Yates, 484; Lowden, 3981^; Dem 383H; Hamlin, 113; Warner, 42; Sherman, Pierce, 28. SIXTY-FIRST BALLOT. The same as the fifty-ninth ballot in all couni wards and districts, except the following, w! voted as indicated: en* 53; County. t T. > Lowden. d Q Hamlin. ! Warner. 1 Sherman! fj s ies Boone g 4 1 lich Cook (4th Com. Dis.) . . 6 6 8 1 DeKalb q Gallatin ? 2 County. s # 1 -r 3 j | Hamlin. | Warner. I Sherman Jackson ? 6 ? Pulaski 1 1 24 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 'i 21 4 3 3 } Richland Massac 1 Wffl. . .'..... Menard 1 8 en, 407'^; Deneen, r, 39; Sherman, 52; 17 ft 4 Totals: Yates, 474; Lowd Pike 7 '1 385>; Hamlm, 116; Warne Wabash ?, 1 Pierce, 28. Totals: Yates, 484; Lowden, 398}^; Deneen, 384H; Hamlin, 116; Warner, 40; Sherman, 51; Pierce, 28. SIXTY-SECOND BALLOT. The same as the fifty-ninth ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated: The same as the fifty-ninth ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated: County. ^ Lowdon. | Deneen. 1 :z Warner. ) Sherman. Cook (4th Com. Dis. ) . . fi 8 1 DeKalb 9 6 6 ] Jackson. . . 2 f, ft Kane '1 3 3 3 . LaSalle .. ... A H A 1 2 Massac 4 1 Richland. . . 1 1 1 .. 1 wm 24 1 County. 1 Lowden. | Hamlin. | Warner. Shcnnar, Boone 2 4 1 -- Cook (4th Com. Dis.) . . A 8 1 DeKalb n 6 Gallatin 9 9 Jackson 111 Kane '1 a 3 .. LaSalle A A e 1 2 3 4 I a 1 1 Massac i Pike 6 Richland . . . 1 1 1 1 .. Totals: Yates, 470; Lowden, 404J^; Deneen, 391J^; Hamlin, 116; Warner, 40; Sherman, 52; Pierce, 28. SIXTY-THIRD BALLOT. The same as the fifty-ninth ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated: Totals: Yates, 473; Lowden, 414!^; Deneen, 381H; Hamlin, 117; Warner, 37; Sherman, 52; Pierce, 27. SIXTY-SIXTH BALLOT. The same as the fifty-ninth ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated: County. 1 1 | _= Warner. Sherman. Cook (4th Com Dis.) Q 8 1 DeKalb ( ; 8 1 .. Gallatin ' 2 > r, 9 Jersev. . . . 4 c County. j. 1 a *- b 1 5 Boone 3 4 i Cook (4th Com. Dis.) 6 s i DeKalb i) 6 Gallatin 2 2 in Kane 'l a 3 3 - LaSalle... H 6 (i ii 1 2 PART THREE: SIXTY-SIXTH BALLOT Cont'd. STATISTICAL. SIXTY-NINTH BALLOT. 419 County. | Lowden. c I Warner. Sherman i S . County. '(i 1 Lowden. I - = 1 Sherman. L' ' t IT 4 S 8 3 1 1 1 1 2 i Pike ii 5 1 Pulaski 1 2 1 1 Bond Totals : Yates, 474 ; Lowden, 411 J^ ; Deneen, 38- Hamlin, 119; Warner, 36; Sherman, 51; Pierce, 2f SIXTY-SEVENTH BALLOT. The same as the fifty-ninth ballot in all count wards and districts, except the following, wl voted as indicated: \/. Boone 3 .. 1 5 6 ~ B les, Cass 5 3 3 3 3 3 Christian County. Y 1. n H \V S Clark P Clay. i\ Bond 3 2 Clinton Coles 3 6 3 3 8 2 Cook' It 1 5 T 5 1 2 1 1st Ward Cook (4th Ward) . ... 2d Ward 1 12 13 7 7 5 5 5 1 1 "ii 4th Com Dis li ii 8 1 3d Ward DeKalb s 1 4th Ward Gallatin 2 ' 5th W T ard <> 1 6th Ward 1 r , 1 7th Ward 11 12 1' 4 1 8th Ward 21 6 4 3 4 7 1 3 3 1 '3 6 3 1 'i 9th Ward ft 10th Ward llth Ward in 12th Ward 9 14 2 2 I.': Pulaski 1 2 9 1 9 1 3 .) 13th Ward St Clair . . 3 14th Ward ^ 15th Ward r', Whiteside (i 5 8 16th Ward 1 ! 10 9 7 11 Totals: Yates, 471; Lowden, 408J^;- Dem 386}.^; Hamlin, 118; W 7 arner, 39; Sherman, Pierce, 26. SIXTY-EIGHTH BALLOT. The same as the fifty-ninth ballot in all coum wards and districts, except the following, wl voted as indicated: 17th Ward *" 18th Ward 5i ' 19th Ward 20th Ward 6 13 4 1 14 14 21st W-ird ies 22d Ward lich 23d Ward 11 24th Ward 10 County. Y i. D H W s P 26th Ward 13 27th W-ird 1 II 14 Bond 28th Ward ^ a o 29th Ward 6 1 5 4 1 2 2 30th Ward II Cook (4th Ward) 31st Ward I 1 12th Ward 11 32d W T ard 17 4th Com Dis d <=, S 1 33d Ward 11 6 4 ] 7 DeKalb s 2 34th Ward Gallatin 2 35th W r ard 13 q 1 2d Com Dis . -. 1 5 1 3d Com Dii j| 4 1 4th Com Dis . . . ft 8 \ 1 21 1 ii ii 4 3 1 6 4 7 1 3 1 (i 8 1 'l 6 3 li 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 5th Com Dis 14 6th Com. Dis s La Salle i M H DeKalb 6 i M DeWitt Monroe > j 7 Pulaski 2 1 '. 1 B 1 DuPage 1 9 q St Clair 'i 3 Edgar Vermilion Wabash 2 '> Edwards Q - i Fayette - White i 1 Ford 5 Whiteide 5 5 8 i 'fl r Woodford Fulton 15 Totals: Yates, 464; Lowden, 400'^; Den 370U: Hamlin. 107: Warner. 42: Sherman. Gallatin - ' 80: Grundv. . . q Pierce, 38. 420 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. SIXTY-NINTH BALLOT-Cont'd. SEVENTIETH BALLOT. County. 1 - \ Lowden. Deneen. S, t ' . County. 3 fe -2 ^ >(> Lowden. Deneen. i 6 2 2 2 2 5 3 6 1 1 Bond 4 8 i 3 9 li 3 2 2 5 1 ? 6 4 5 10 Carroll i! \ 5 4 1 5 3 3 3 >\ Ph ' t 5 Clark 7 Kane i 28 2 Clay r, 5 Kendall 1 1 1 4 14 11 29 "i 1 i 'i } Coles 2 2 14 1 Cook: 1st Ward Lake La Salle 2d Ward 1 12 13 7 7 6 11 5 5 1 1 20 12 4 1 12 3d Ward Lee . . 4th Ward Lfi 5th Ward 5 4 6th Ward 15 7th Ward 12 8th Ward 1! 6 S 8 1 5 9th Ward <) 10th Ward 6 llth Ward. K 5 12th Ward Q o 4 1 13th \VnrH 14 r '0 14th Ward! r is .... 1Ath WnrH r j McLean >4 16th Ward 1 4 n j 2 17th WorH Mercer 8 . . 18th WnrH K ? 2 19th Ward q g 20th Ward 6 u 1 11 21st Ward 4 14 Moultrie 4 22d Ward 14 Ogle i; 23d Ward 11 Peoria 17 K r 24th Ward K Perry. . ... 25th Ward as Piatt 7 26th Ward r Pike. . . i . 27th Ward i Pope 2 i 4 1 1 1 28th Ward 1 Pulaski 29th Ward t - 30th Ward 1 Randolph S 31st Ward n 14 PUchlar.d ^ 3'd Ward r Rock Island 2 33d Ward 11 Saline 6 34th Ward 6 i Sangamon "4 35th Ward l 4 Schuvler 1 1st Com Dis 7 Scott . . . 1 2d Com Dis 1H 3'_ Shelbv. s 3d Com Dis Stark 4 4th Com Dis o St. Clair 18 15 6 i 5th Com Dis A 6th Com Dis ^ Tazewell 1 t Union . 1 Vermilion 1! t i DeKalb DeWitt , K _ Wahash ( fl DuPage II 1 Edgar c White f 1 Whiteside S 5 21 1 Will - q Ford Winnebago 8 Woodforo "4 12 2 Franklin Fulton : 1; Totals: Yates, 388; Lowden, 573J^; Den 358K; Hamlin, 87; Warner, 28; Sherman, Pierce, 23. Gallatin een. Greene 4 ' Grundv c PART THREE: STATISTICAL. 421 SEVENTIETH BALLOT-Cont'd. County. j B -c 1 I 1 Hamlin. ~ -~ ~~. f. a -5 w S BALLOT. ballot in all counties, the following, which 5 (1 SEVENTY-FIRST i 1 4 The same as the seventieth J7 wards and districts, except voted as indicated: 5 s Id 5 1 r. H i ! Lowden. Deneen. Hamlin. Warner. Sherman. i I Jefferson. 1 5 4 1 9 5 4 29 1 Alexander. \ Kendall I i l 4 14 11 >'l Bond . 5 1 1 1 \ 1 1 Champaign :< i 7 5 1 s 3 3 li 3 3 Lake Coles DeKalb La Salle -i 1 1" 2 ,, St. Clair '1 15 > 7 Logan ft 4 Whiteside ii 5 1' 1 Macon > 15 Totals: Yates, 380; Lowden, 604 V; Deneen, 6 9 s i 347H; Hamlin, 74 I ? 8 2 9 2 II SEVENTY-SECONI \ Ogle i:( The same as the seventieth 17 id i; wards and districts, except voted as indicated: Platt 7 Pike 5 1! 8 1 4 i 3 '^ t.*. | Lowden. | Deneen. =' 1 x | Warner. | Sherman. 1 C 1 i 1 ? S 4 Rock Island ?!1 8 1 Saline 6 Bond Sangamon >4 3 7 5 1 8 8 A 8 | Schuyler 4 Coles Scott 2 1 DeKalb - V Shelby 8 ii 10 1 Stark ' ) St. Clair I'd 1? 4 2 1 1 Stephenson St Clair 2-1 Tazewell in j ) Union 3 3 2 3 1 1!) 1 I 2 Vermilion 3 7 t Wabash f 5 2 - 9 1 Warren 6 Williamson Washington 8 h Totals: Yates, 363; Lowt len, 6141^; Deneer, , 30; Sherman, 40; White 6 1 347H; Hamlin, 83; Warne Whiteside K Pierce, 24. Will ?5 ' Winnebago 8 13 Woodford. 1 Totals: Yates, 381; Lowden, 601^; Deneen, 351^; Hamlin, 74; Warner, 27; Sherman, 43; Pierce, 24. 422 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. SfcVEM 1-lH.ltW BAlxUJl. *- ^ c a ; | Warner. : 1 Sherman. 1 County. 1! c 1 W County. |||' - cc CH Hamilton Adams 20 , Hancock .. 1 Alexander 1 ' 2 1 2 9 , 5 Bond 17 Boone Brown Bureau Calhoun Carroll Cass Iroquois A Jackson Jasper Jefferson Jersey Jo Daviess in Christian Clark Clay Clinton Coles Cook: 1st Ward 2d Ward 14 1 V ... 6 " Johnson Kane Kankakee 1 Kendall Knox 3 Lake LaSalle Lawrence 1 14 1 11 21 12 j 1 1 1 3d Ward 4th Ward 5th Ward 6th Ward i; i 20 '.'. '. Livingston Logan Macon Macoupin 11 ...15 4 7th Ward . 8th Ward 9th Ward 10th Ward 9 12 .. . Madison Marion Marshal! Mason 6 13 . 8 6 .. . 12th Ward 13th Ward 14th Ward 15th Ward i '. 14 15 '.'. 13 .. . 11 '. '. '. i .'. 14 .. . 14 .. . 11 .. . 10 .. . 22 .. . 13 .. . Massac McDonough McHenry McLean. 2 13 10 16th Ward 17th Ward 18th Ward 19th Ward 20th Ward 21st Ward 22d Ward 23d Ward 24th Ward 25th Ward 26th Ward.: i '. 10 . 9 fi 13 i Mercer Monroe Montgomery Morgan Moultrie . Ogle Peoria I Perry. Piatt Pike Pope 1 3 1 ... 13 1 10 6 1 L 1 1 8 7 . . 28th Ward 29th Ward 30th Ward 31st Ward 32d Ward 33d Ward 34th Ward 35th Ward 1st Com. Dis 2d Com. Dis 3d Com. Dis 4th Com. Dis A . 11 . 6 . 6 .' fi 14 . . 6 .. . 11 .. . 14 .. . 17 .. . 4 .. . 1 .. , 4 .. . 7 .. . 7 .. 8 1 Pulaski Putnam Randolph Richland r r Rock Island . Saline ; Sangamon 2 Schuyler Scott Shelby Stark St. Clair 4 4 6 I I I 1 24 12 .. 1 .. 8 4 5th Com. Dis 6th Com. Dis Crawford Cumberland DeKalb 1 5 i 9 4 ... 8 .. . Tazewell 1( Union i Vermilion I Wabash ] ) > 2 i 19 2 .. 3 fj DeWitt Douglas DuPage 10 7 . Washington. Wayne 't fi i " Edgar Edwards Effingham Fayette 9 } 5 ... r , .. 1 Whiteside t Will Williamson 5 9 1 .. 19 Ford Franklin Fulton i . . . 5 .. 2 Woodford 6 .... Totals: Yates, 362; Lowden, 631J^; Deneen, .... 345V; Hamlin, 70; Warner, 29; Sherman, 40; .... Pierce, 24. Gallatin 4 Greene Grundv. . . I PART THREE: STATISTICAL. 423 SEVENTY-SIXTH BALLOT. The same as the seventy-third ballot in all counties, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated: SEVENTY-FOURTH BALLOT. The same as the seventy-third ballot in all counties, County, wards and districts, except the following, which voted as indicated: ^i Lowden. | t | Hamlin. Warner. Sherman. County. i | >* Lowden. | Deneen. _ E - Sherman. | 1 8 6 7 ft 1 DeKalb Kane 1 3 6 28 14 8 1 3 1 fi 4 > 5 Monroe ? ?, Cumberland 8 ?, Peoria 17 8 i .. 1 DeKa'b 7 8 PulaskL 3 > 7 1 1 St. Clair ... 17 1 4 3 1 A q 5 Union fl 9 ? Wabash 1 Pulaski 5 Washington ft Vermilion ? 20 3 Wayne 8 Wabash ' 1 White 5 fl Wavne s Williamson 8 5 1 Totals: Yates, 369; Lowden, 620^; Deneen, ' v Lowden. Deneen. :=' Warner. Sherman. 5 2 3 i 4 1 2 Bond. . . ... 3 a Bureau l \ ti ti DeKalb 8 7 Coles. ii 3 .. Gallatin 1 3 Cook (12th Ward). .. 1 4 4 Scott f, 1 Shelby 8 Stark St Chir 17 4 3 12 10 2 1 1 2 53 Wabash 3 8 .. 6 6 8 White i, 1 Whiteside g 5 1 Will . ?!5 q 8 V Woodford a 3 Totals: Yates, 405; Lowden, 532^; Deneen, 365J-6; Hamlin, 102; Warner, 28; Sherman, 45; Pierce, 24. PART THREE: STATISTICAL. 425 SEVENTY-NINTH BALLOT. County. 1 Lowden. | Deneen. ^ to Warner. Sherman. Adams. . 1 19 Alexander 4 5 8 3 1 Bond Boone. . . Brown .... ? Bureau . . . 6 8 ? Calhoun Carroll ... q Cass 5 Champaign m si-, 9 Christian Clark. 7 Clay o Clinton A Coles o. 3 .. Cook: 1st Ward 14 2d Ward. . . 12 13 7 7 6 11 6 i 2(1 12 1" 3d Ward 4th Ward... 5th Ward 6th Ward 7th Ward 8th Ward 9th Ward 9 10th Ward 7 llth Ward in 12th Ward 9 13 2 3 US 13th Ward 14th Ward 15th Ward 13 16th Ward 1 4 in 7 11 17th Ward 18th Ward 19th Ward 9 20th Ward ... 14 3 6 W 14 21st Ward 22d Ward 23d Ward 11 24th Ward 1(1 25th Ward '" 26th Ward 13 27th Ward 12 28th Ward 14 29th Ward A 30th Ward 11 31st Ward 2 14 17 32d Ward . . . 33d Ward. 11 i (i 2 I', 2 9 4 1 4 7 m 7 9 4 34th Ward... 35th Ward 1st Com. Dis 2d Com. Dis 3d Com. Dis 4th Com. Dis 5th Com. Dis 6th Com. Dis 8 Crawford 6 Cumberland 5 DeKalb. . . w DeWitt 7 .. Douglas 7 DuPage in Edgar q Edwards 4 Efnngham 5 Fayette 7 Ford 7 Franklin 5 Fulton l"> Gallatin ... 2 , 3 R Greene . . . County. 1 iB i ! 3 P -, 1 (i ft | Hamlin. ~ =. ^ | Sherman. . Hamilton Hancock in Hardin 3 Henderson 4 6 11 L3 Iroquois Jackson id Jasper 5 Jefferson 7 Jersey 4 Jo Daviess 9 Johnson ft Kane 28 14 '2 Kankakee Kendall 4 8 11 29 1 17 2 Knox Lake .... LaSalle Lawrence 1 Ifl 4 Lee Livingston VA 7,', i Logan 4 Macon 15 Macoupin. . : 12 Madison 8 11 Marion Marshall 6 Mason ft Massac 2 3 in McDonough McHenry is McLean >4 Menard 4 Mercer 8 ' Monroe 2 2 fl Montgomery Morgan 11 Moultrie. . . . 4 Ogle n Peoria 7 (i 20 Perry Piatt 7 Pike 8 Pope 5 Pulaski ft Putnam 9 Randolph 8 Richland 4 Rock Island 21 Saline Sangamon . . . 2-1 Schuyler 4 Scott 3 Shelby. . . 8 Stark 2 2 '4 St. Clair Stephenson IB Tazewell in \ Union 4 Vermilion 25 Wabash q Warren 9 Washington 6 Wavne . . 8 White 7 Whiteside. . . 14 Will 26 Williamson 9 Winnebago >() Woodford. 8 Totals: Yates, 1; 957^; Warner. 21. Lowden, 522^; Deneen, 426 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. BALLOT FOR LIEUTEXAXT-GOVERXOR. \ Counties. 1 o5 JS i Conzelman. 20 4 3 3 1 8 Bond 1 2 14 2 9 5 8H Carroll Cass & 1 A 9 7 6 4 8 Clark Clay 1 4 14 12 4 7 7 4 11 Cook (516): 1st Ward 2d Ward 6 14 1 1 22 12 12 3d Ward 4th Ward. . . 5th Ward 6th Ward. . . . 7th Ward 8th Ward 9th Ward 9 7 10 9 12 10th Ward llth Ward 12th Ward 2 4 15 13 7 11 10 9 20 18 14 11 10 22 13 12 14 6 11 14 17 15 1 3 9 5 7 9 4 8 5 5 10 13th Ward 14th Ward 15th Ward 16th Ward 1 4 17th Ward 18th Ward 19th Ward 20th Ward 21st Ward 22d Ward 23d Ward 24th Ward 25th Ward 26th Ward 27th Ward 28th Ward 29th Ward 30th Ward 31st Ward. 2 32d Ward 33d Ward 34th Ward 6 7 35th Ward 2dCom Dist 3d Com. Dist. . . 2 6 4th Com Dist 6th Com Dist 1 DeKalb 5 DeWitt 7 10 V/$ 3 5 7 4H 1 Ford 7 5 15 4 5 Fulton Gallatin Greene. . . Counties. Sherman. .s cc Conzelman. Orundv. . . . 2 Hamilton 5 Hancock 10 Hardin 2 Henderson 4 Henry 17 Iroquois 6> 6% Jackson 5 5 Jasper 5 Jefferson 7 Jersey 4 Jo Daviess 9 Johnson 5 Kane 2 28 Kankakee 14 Kendall Knox 14 6 Lake 2 11 LaSalle 14 15 Lawrence 5 Lee 12 Livingston 15 Logan 4 5 Macon 15 Macoupin 12 Madison 20 Marion . 6 2 Marshall 6 Mason 5 Massac 5 McDonough 10 McHenry 13 McLean 4 20 Menard 4 Mercer 8 Monroe 1 3 Montgomery 8 1 Morgan . . 10 1 Moultrie 4 Ogle 13 Peoria 17 10 Perry 6 Piatt 7 Pike 8 Pope 5 Pulaski 3 2 Putnam ... . 2 Randolph 8 Richland. 2 2 Rock Island 21 Saline 6 Sangamon 24 Schuyler 4 Scott 3 Shelby. 8 Stark 4 St. Clair . . 22 2 Stephenson 12 Tazewell 10 Union 4 Vermilion ...... 25 Wabash 3 Warren 9 Washington 6 Wayne 8 White 5 2 Whiteside. . . . 9 5 Will 1 24 AVilliamson 9 Winnebago 20 Woodford. 6 Totals: Sherman, 1076,'^; Smith, 4243^; Con- zelman, 1. PART THREE: STATISTICAL. 427 BALLOT FOR SECRETARY OF STATE. Counties. c I Williamson. | 20 7 Bond. . 1 3 1 2 6 Brown. 2 Bureau 8 1 5 Calhoun . 2 Carroll 9 Cass ... 3 2 5 5 5 2 Christian 2 5 2 Clark. . . 7 Clay 3 3 Clinton .... 3 2 Coles 8 4 Cook (516): 1st Ward 14 2d Ward 5 13 3d Ward 4 13 1 4th Ward 1 7 5th Ward 4 4 6th Ward 23 3 7th Ward 12 11 8th Ward 12 9th Ward . 9 10th Ward 7 llth Ward . 5 5 12th Ward 5 6 13th Ward 4 12 14th Ward 15 15th Ward 13 16th Ward 8 17th Ward 11 4 18th Ward 5 5 19th Ward 9 20th Ward 6 14 21st Ward 10 8 22d Ward 14 23d Ward 11 24th Ward 10 25th Ward 22 26th W'ard 13 27th Ward 12 28th Ward 14 29th Ward 6 30th Ward 11 31st Ward 14 2 32d Ward 17 33d Ward 15 34th Ward 1 6 35th Ward 10 1st Com. Dist 6 3 2dCom Dist 5 3d Com. Dist 7 2 4th Com. Dist 8 5 2 5th Com. Dist 4 6th Com. Dist 8 Crawford 5 1 5 DeKalb 15 DeWitt 1 6 7 DuPage 2 8 9 Edwards 4 5 Fayette 7 Ford 7 5 Fulton '. . is (lallatin 4 Greene . . . 5 Counties. K d | SB Williamson. g G Orundy 6 3 Hamilton 1 4 Hancock. . 10 2 4 2 15 Iroquois . 4 4 5 Jackson 10 Jasper .... 5 Jefferson 7 Jersey 4 Jo Daviess 8 1 Johnson . . 5 Kane 2 20 2 Kankakee 5 5 4 Kendall 2 2 1 Knox 20 Lake 5 5 3 LaSalle... 10 10 9 5 Lee (i 6 Livingston 10 5 Logan 2 7 Macon 15 Macoupin 12 Madison 9 11 Marion 8 Marshall 6 Mason. 5 Massac 5 MeDonough 5 McHenry 13 McLean 20 2 2 Menard 4 Mercer 8 Monroe 1 3 Montgomery . . . 9 Morgan 10 1 Moultrie . . 4 Ogle. 7 6 Peoria 14 10 3 Perry. (i Piatt. . . 5 2 Pike 8 Pope Pulaski 5 Putnam. . . 2 Randolph 8 Richland. 2 2 Rock Island 21 Saline .... 6 Sangamon 24 Schuvler . 4 Scott 3 Shelby 8 Stark 4 St. Clair 12 6 Stephenson 12 Tazewell 10 Union 4 Vermilion 25 Wabash 3 Warren 2 1 6 Washington ' 6 W T avne 8 White 7 Whiteside 6 2 6 Will 25 Williamson 9 20 Woodford 6 Totals: Rose, 844; Hogan, 497; Williamson, 159; Cisne, 2. 428 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. BALLOT FOR ATTORNEY-GENERAL. Counties. 1 CO Chiperficld. 20 6 1 Bond 5 Boone 8 2 13 1 2 Carroll. ... 9 5 Champaign. 8>6 8H 9 Clark. . . 5 2 Clay. . ... 6 Clinton ... . 5 Coles. 12 Cook (516): 1st Ward 14 2d Ward .... 9 9 3d Ward 17 1 4th Ward 7 1 5th Ward... 3 5 6th Ward . 8 17 7th Ward... 11 12 8th Ward. 6 6 9th Ward 9 10th Ward 7 llth Ward 10 12th Ward 8 3 13th Ward 16 14th Ward... 10 15th Ward 8 5 16th Ward 3 5 17th Ward . 11 4 18th Ward 10 19th Ward 9 20th Ward 14 6 21st Ward 12 6 22d Ward 3 11 23d Ward 11 24th Ward. 10 25th Ward... 22 26th Ward 13 27th Ward 3 9 28th Ward 14 29th Ward... . . 6 30th Ward 11 31st Ward... 2 14 32d Ward ... 17 33d Ward ... 11 4 34th Ward... 6 1 35th Ward. 5 5 1st Com. Dist 3 6 2d Com. Dist 5 3d Com. Dist 2 7 4th Com. Dist 8 7 5th Com. Dist . 1 3 6th Com. Dist 8 Crawford 6 Cumberland 5 DeKalb. . . 15 DeWitt 7 Douglas . 7 DuPage 10 Edgar . 9 Edwards 4 5 Fayette 7 Ford . . 7 Franklin 5 Fulton 15 Gallatin 3 1 Greene 5 Grundv. . . 9 Kane Rank Kend Knox Lake Lai Lav Lee Livi Log Mac Mac Mac Mai Mai Mas Mas Mel Mel Mel Mer Mer Moi Moi Moi Moi Ogle. Peori Perry. Piatt. Pike. Pope Pula; Putn Rani Rich Rocl Salin Sang Schu Scott Will Counties. ra Clliperfiold. nilton 5 10 din 2 4 ry 12 5 10 3 ison 10 6 1 4 9 5 ie 28 2 10 4 idall 5 17 3 e 11 2 3aUe 29 rrence 12 15 4 15 12 n 8 shall (i 2 3 5 n _,ean 12 12 2 2 cer 8 3 1 9 1 10 4 13 12 15 ry 6 tt 3 4 B 5 3 ie 5 aski 5 2 idolph 8 4 21 ne 6 gamon 24 uyler 4 tt ... 3 Iby 4 4 rk 4 Clair 24 ahenson 12 ewell 10 on 3 1 22 3 bash 3 rren 3 6 shington 6 8 ite 7 iteside 7 1 25 5 4 20 odford. . . 6 The vote as announced from the platform was : Stead, 902,^; Chiperfield, 599 > Corrected foot- ings give Stead 892K; Chiperfield, 6083^, one delegate not voting. PART THREE: STATISTICAL. 429 BALLOT FOR STATE TREASURER. 3 1 i i M Counties. Adams Alexander Bond Boone Brown Bureau Calhoun Carroll -. Cass Champaign Christian Clark Clay. Clinton Coles Cook (516) : 1st Ward 2d Ward 3d Ward 4th Ward 5th Ward 6th Ward 7th Ward 8th Ward 9th Ward 10th Ward llth Ward 12th Ward 13th Ward 14th Ward 15th Ward 16th Ward 17th Ward 18th Ward d 1 20 4 5 8 2 14 2 9 5 12 9 7 5 9 14 18 16 8 8 24 13 12 9 7 10 9 14 15 13 8 15 10 Counties. 4 Grundy Hamilton ' o ' ' ' Hancock Hardin Henderson Henry Iroquoia Jackson Jasper Jefferson K Jersey Jo Daviess Johnson ' j ' Kane Kankakee 5 Kendall Knox Lake LaSalle ''" Lawrence Lee Livingston V Logan , Macon. Macoupin Madison Marion Marshall ' " "o" ' Mason 7) Massac McDonough McHenry McLean Menard Mercer Monroe 9 5 10 2 4 12 13 5 .... 9 4 30 14 5 15 13 20 8 9 15 12 7 6 5 li 13 20 4 8 4 5 10 7 1 5 9 5 12 7 13 8 4 19th Ward 20th Ward 21st Ward 22d Ward 23d Ward 24th Ward 25th Ward 26th Ward 27th Ward 28th Ward 29th Ward 30th Ward 31st Ward 32d Ward 33d Ward 34th Ward 35th Ward 1st Com. Dist 2d Com. Dist 3d Com. Dist 4th Com. Dist 5th Com. Dist 6th Com. Dist Crawford Cumberland DeKalb DeWitt Douglas DuPage Edgar Edwards Effingham Fayette Ford Franklin Fulton Gallatin 20 18 14 11 10 22 13 12 14 6 11 16 17 13 7 10 9 5 7 15 4 8 5 12 7 7 5 9 5 5 15 Montgomery Morgan Moultrie Ogle Peoria Perry Piatt Pike Pope Pulaski Putnam Randolph Richland o ' ' ' R c k Island Saline Sangamon Schuyler Scott i"' Shelby Stark St. Clair Stephenson Tazewell Union ' Vermilion Wabash Warren ; ' ' ' Washington Wavne ........ white Whiteside Will Y Williamson Winnebago Woodford Totils- Small, l,268;Knop 11 4 13 27 6 4 8 5 3 2 8 21 6 24 4 3 8 4 8 12 10 4 25 3 9 2 12 25 9 20 6 i, 234. 3 2 4 16 6 8 5 2 Greene 430 BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. BALLOT FOR TRUSTEES OF THE UNI- VERSITY OF ILLINOIS. Three to be Nominated. Countv. | Llewellyn. | Springer, 1 | Davison. | li 10 10 2(1 20 Alexander 1 1 5 7 .. 6 Bond. 5 1 4 5 .. 8 8 ' 2 2 1 1 14 2 2 Carroll s 1 8 4 5 Cass 5 5 Champaign. , , 17 II 11 .. Christian. 'I 9 9 Clark. . . 7 7 Clay. . . ft . 6 Clinton .... 5 5 Coles 12 1" Cook: 1st Ward 14 14 .. 14 2d Ward . . Hi 2 IS 5 12 3d Ward . . 4 14 18 18 4th Ward. 8 4 4 8 5th Ward 1 ft 4 8 6 6th Ward 'li 1 1 21 i 12 12 7th Ward Hi ft 1 1 22 8th Ward S 7 8 1" .. 6 *9th Ward. . . '1 g 10th Ward. . . . 7 7 7 llth Ward in III 10 12th Ward... 1 11 ft 4 11 13th Ward ii 4 8 Hi 8 .. 14th Ward 15th Ward 15 13 5 13 15 13 5 5 fl6th Ward... 4 8 4 4 17th Ward. . . . 15 10 ej 15 18th Ward 5 5 III 19th Ward q 20th Ward 21st Ward 14 18 6 20 18 ..10 18' 22d Ward 7 14 7 14 .. 23d Ward . . . ft 11 11 24th Ward 'i a It 10 5 5 25th Ward... 9 4 00 22 26th Ward ft 1 fi 13 27th Ward n 1" 12 28th Ward... fi 8 2 14 14 29th Ward c, A 6 . 30th Ward 31st Ward 3 g 3 5 7 11 Hi 11 .. 16 32dWard 33d Ward 34th Ward 15 10 7 2 '7 7 11 17 2 17 .. .. 15 35th Ward 4 1 5 10 10 1st Com. Dist q Q 2d Com. Dist ... 3d Com. Dist 'fl 5 5 q 9 '.'. 4th Com. Dist 5th Com. Dist 2 15 I 15 4 13;.. 4 6th Com. Dist s 8 8 Crawford fl a 3 3 Cumberland 4 1 5 5 .. DeKalb DeWitt 15 7 '7 i 15 15 .. Douglas DuPage Edgar 7 io 7 io 7 .. 9 ". Edwards ^ 4 Effingham Fayette 5 fi 5 1 5 Ford 7 7 Franklin 5 5 Fulton Gallatin Greene Grundy. . . '5 ii 15 16 '4 '4 .. 5 9 County. x I ~ ^. _-;. | I- Springer. -f ^ 1 -c - ~ < a Hamilton 5 :\ 2 .. 10 10 Hardin ?, " .. 2 4 4 Henry 17 17 Iroquois ... . 13 . . 13 Jackson 5 .-, 10 . . Ill Jasper 5 5 Jefferson 7 7 7 .. Jersey 4 4 4 . Jo Daviess 4 5 9 .. Johnson 3 3 3 15 14 3 3 .. 15 Kane 15 15 15 Kankakee . 14 Kendall 5 Knox. . . x 12 20 13 12 8 Lake 1! ? La Salle "II q 29 29 Lawrence -. .. 5 Lee li fi 1? Livingston -> 10 15 Logan q q q Macon 1;") 15 .. Macoupin 12 12 12 Madison 20 20 8 10 10 8 .. Marion 8 Marshall. 6 li 6 Mason fl -, 5 .. 5 9 .. 5 McDonough. . . 4 *i 3 3 8 'i 10 .. .. 12 McLean. 24 -.'4 Menard 4 4 4 Mercer. 8 8 8 .. Monroe 4 4 .. 4 q . i^nanee, oneiuyvine; w. v_. neauen, oneiuyvme; George B. Rhodes, Shelbyville; Dr. J. C. Westervelt, Shelbyville; L. S. Webster, Shelbyville; W. H. Beem, Shelbyville; Del D. Brownback, Cowden; A. J. Combs, Mowequa. Instructed for Hamlin. He selected delegates. STARK (4) O. W. Kurd, Speer; Hon. Geor~ *' iri_:__ . T r Egbert, West Jersey; John H. Hallcock, Bradford. ] for Warner if Pierce is not a candidate. 438 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. TAZEWELL (10) W. J. Conzelman, 1'ekin ; Philip Nickel, Pekin; D. F. Lawley, Pekin; J. H. Shade, Pekin; E. M. Wayne, Delavanj G. G. Waltmire, Delavan; B. F. Tucker, Morton; E. A. Abbott, Tremont; Ed. Haas, Manito; C. A. Walt- mire, Washington. Instructed for Yates; Conzelman for Lieutenant-Governor. UNION (4) Hon. H. H. Kohn, Anna; Hon. A. J. Pickrell, Anna; Capt. John P. Reese, Cobden ; George W. Conghanower, Dongola. Instructed for Yates and Hogan. VERMILION (25) Hardy Whitlock, Danville; Edwin Winter, Danville; Clark Tuttle, Danville; Frank Lindley, Danville; W. R. Jewell, Danville; John H. Harrison, Danville; D. G. Williams, Danville; E. X. Leseure, Danville; Max Taylor, Danville; S. M. Clark, Danville; H. C. Adams, Danville; W. H. Jones, Catlin; Indianola; F. H. Whitham, Rankin. Instructed for Roosevelt and Hamlin. WABASH (3) John H. Schrodt, Mount Carmel; William Neely, Mount Car- mel; Ora Gay, Bellmont. Instructed for Knoph for Treasurer. WARREN (9) Dr. W. E. Taylor, Watertown; Hon. E. C. Hardin, Mon- mouth; W. P. Graham, Monmouth; J. C. Allen, Monmoutn; J. H. Campbell, Kirkwood; C. S. Nelson, Cameron; C. M. Rodgers, Little York (Monmouth R. R.) ; George W. Rayburn, Roseville; J. D. Piper, Media, R. F. D. Not instructed. WASHINGTON (6) John T. Henry, Irvington; H. J. Schmidt, Nashville; J. M. Winfree, Nashville; John Holbrook, DuBois; George F. Tscharner, Okaw- ville; Louis Lammers, Stone Church. Instructed for Hogan. WAYNE (8) Gen. Thomas W. Scott, Fan-field; F. M. Brock, Fairfield; J. R. Crews, Fairfield; John Moore, Burnt Prairie; Dr. B. E. Garrison, Wayne City; Dr. Charles Johnson, Johnsonville; Ross Johnson, Cisne, R. F. D. ; Dr. T. J. Hill- iard, Jeffersonville. Instructed for Yates. WHITE (7) Capt. Ross Graham, Carmi; John Reinwold, Carmi; N. C. Bar- num, Carmi; A. A. Newman, Springertown; W. E. Grady, Crossyille; Robert S. Prunty, Grayville; Clarence C. Robinson, Naumit. Instructed for Yates and Hogan. WHITESIDE (14) W. S. Kilgour, Sterling; John G. Wetzel, Sterling; J. B. Lewis, Sterling; Alfred Smith, Tampico; H. C. Besse, Prophetstown; R. H. Woods, Rock Falls; Edgar Woods, Rock Falls; C. Johns, Sterling; C. W. McCall, Erie; Hon. A. N. Abbott, Morrison; W. L. Blodgett, Fulton; Hen. Chas. Bent, Mor- rison; George Parmenter, Lyndon; J. W. Dineen, Albany. Not instructed. WILL (25) John T. Clyne, Joliet; Hon. Richard T. Barr, Joliet; William D. Heise, Toliet; T. H. Ray, Joliet; Hon. E. J. Murphy, Joliet; H. F. Piepenbrink, Joliet; Sebastian Lagger, Joliet; Charles Tengdin, Joliet; Henry Alexander. Joliet; ohn Beckwith, Joliet; George Cameron, Joliet; Edward Hurd, Joliet; L. H. Mat- tinger, Joliet; W. W. Ross, Joliet; Leon McDonald, Lockport; J. P. Conrad, Peotone; J. W. Prescott, Plainfield; Henry Yost, Lockport; Frank Rowley, Lock- port; G. J. D. Starrman, New Lennox; J. W. Patterson, Braidwood; J. P. M. Conrad. Monee; August Tennyson, Manhattan; Herman F. Wilke, Beecher; W. F. Trowbridge, Crete. Not instructed. WILLIAMSON (9) John H. Duncan, Marion; Rufus Neely (county judge), Marion; H. S. Harris (sheriff), Marion; Arthur Roberts, Marion: George W. Duncan, Johnson City; Hiram Duty, Crab Orchard; R. T. Cook, Herrin; R. H. Hampton, Carterville; Willis Harris, Creal Springs. Not instructed. WINNEBAGO (20) Robert Rew, Rockford; Fred S. Sterling, Rockford; P. A. Peterson, Rockford; William Nelson, Rockford; Robert C. Lind, Rockford; A. C. Abramson, Rockford; C. J. Kinnie, Rockford; William Johnson (attorney), Rockford; Bruce Garrett, Rockford; A. E. Fisher, Rockford; H. L. Lundberg, Rockford; Charles Virden, Rockford; R. T. Shand, Rockford; C. E. Tragarth, Rackford; Charles Kjellquist, Rockford; Dr. C. E. Crawford, Rockford; H. J. Slagle, Rockford; W. W. Bennett, Rockford; J. M. Frye. Seward; A. J. Lovejoy, Roscoe. Not instructed for . Governor. Instructed for Stead for Attorney-General. WOODFORD (6) C. F. Brown, Roanoke; A. H. Brubaker, Benson; Frank Banta, Cazenovia; F. W. Wilcox, Minonk; F. B. Stitt, El Paso; P. E. Low, Eureka. Not instructed for Governor. Indorsed Smith for Lieutenant-Governor, and Stead for Attorney-General. COOK COUNTY DELEGATES TO STATE CONVENTION. FIRST WARD (14) Henry D. Laughlin, Hector Durante, E. R. Brainerd, Francis P. Gleason, Charles A. Wathier, Antonio Bias:, Marcha Bruggemeyer, June Tousey, Francis P. Brady, Henry Page Guyton, Henry Stucker, Eldridge G. Keith, William H. Thompson, Thomas T. Magner. SECOND WARD (18) Frank Hall Childs, Dr. Carl D. Stone, John F. Burns, George F. Harding, Jr., J. H. Strong, Charles Jorn, Ed. D. Green, Thomas B. Hall, Daniel M. Jackson, Charles W. Seinworth, Arthur Dixon, Elbridge Hanecy. R. G. McDonald, Wesley Plummer, P. E. Berry, Albert F. Slyder, Thomas J. Holmes, Noble B. Judah. THIRD WARD (18) Frank E. Makeel, Thomas Robinson, E. C. Rose, J. T. Knickerbocker, D. J. Schuyler, Thomas Milchrist, A. J. Pflaum, J. B. McFatrich, Daniel W. Braden, Oscar DePriest, Charles Krutckoff, John C. Bruckner, John C. McCord, John L. Manning, T. Malcolm Brooks, T. H. Lockman, Hugh Xorris. FOURTH WARD (8) Ernest T. Magerstadt, Nicholas Pauly, A. L. Morris, William G. Laub, Henry Krug, Frank J. Palt, Frank Hoey, H. E. Schultz. PART THREE: STATISTICAL. 439 FIFTH WARD (8) William J. Umbach, James Sheridan, John M. Tanane- victz, E. Z. Wallerstein, D. E. Shanahan, Charles Richley, Edward R. Litzinger, John J. McKenna. SIXTH WARD (26) tj. C. Thomas, David S. Greer, Eli B. Felsenthal, Oliver Sollitt, William J. Hoag, H. C. Christensen, Joel F. Longnecker, Andrew Hamilton, A. C. Terry, W. A. Either, C. N. Geary, William B. Moulton, Henry Greenebaum, T. F. Orr, John R. Thompson, Wallace C. Clark, Linn H. Young, George A. Cook, Robert R. Levy, W. S. Edwards, L. A. Stillman, Edward Clifford, E. C. Potter, Adolph Nathan, Morton D. Hull, Walter C. Nelson. SEVENTH WARD (23) W. C. Lawson, Elliott Durand, W. Clyde Jones, D. A. Pierce, W. N. Gemmill, Johnson W. Wright, William Hill, Louis T. Orr, Thomas B. Skecles, Harry G. Thompson, Howard H. Gross, John B. Ackerman, David F. Matchett, Francis W. Shepardson, James Rosenthal, William A. Coleman, Albert F. Schroeder, Napoleon Boudreau, Robert W. Hall, Thomas A. Hall, John Monroe, Charles H. Kollman, Frank B. Robinson. EIGHTH WARD (12) A. C. Clark, C. H. Warren, John E. Ramsey, John F. Szafranski, Ed. Tynden, Sam Manwaring, George K. Edwards, Samuel Sinsheimer, Andrew Ringman, E. M. Roby, E. J. Forsaith, John H. Lammering. NINTH WARD (9) A. J. Harris, Sam Streletsky, William J. Cooke, Joseph Schubert, S. B. Panama, Edward Haas, H. W. Barnett, John Nemie, John T. Miller. TENTH WARD (7) Max Blumenfield, William H. Ward, John Collins, Frank Seocik, Joseph Simon, J. J. Banks, W. H. Curran. ELEVENTH WARD (10) Joseph E. Bidwill, Herman Gartelmann, John Lampp, Thomas McNicholas, William Gunkel, George H. Graves, Frank J. Karch, William A. Gradt, William Taylor, Mike Meldazis. TWELFTH WARD (n) Daniel D. Healey, Edward J. Coon, A. W. Miller, George Schlitt, Frank D. Erskine, Otto Besser, Joseph Marck, Henry Schanze, Charles H. Fitzner, William P. Holden, Frank Kirchman, Charles Fink. THIRTEENTH WARD (16) Ninian H. Welch, Henry Hoag, F. E. Coyne, Edward A. Dicker, Ezra C. Fahrney, E. C. Mapledoran, Harvey S. Brackett, Frank C. Farnum, C. E. Cruickshank, William H. Baker, Frank L. Shephard, George Cook, George M. Ragby, William B. Purves, William G. Gregori, Dr. J. S. Nagel. FOURTEENTH WARD (15) D. A. Campbell, R. C. Busse, Adam Wolf, Will- iam H. Brown, L. H. Mack, R. J. Livesey, T. S. Harper, T. W. Eaton, W. W. Wheelock, Frank L. Fry, G. H. Bartholomew, G. R. Lott, M. F. Russell, A. W. Brickwood, J. F. Quanstrum. FIFTEENTH WARD (13) Henry Bartell, George Frantzen, William C. Eggert, Charles W. Peters, Lauritz Paulsen, A. T. Anderson, Neils J. Juul, John N. Bos, Philip Knopf, James T. McComb, H. H. Rosenberg, Philip Maasj J. A. Kapps. SIXTEENTH WARD (8) John P. Przvbyliski, John Sweeney, Louis Mer- kowits, Charles Richter, W. Schrojda, John Schermann, Thomas J. Bolger, Abel SEVENTEENTH WARD (15) A. X. Centilla, I. H. Himes, George R. Lenke, Dr. Julius Otto, Tom Olson, J. A. Erickson, Charles G. Johnson, Joseph Swanson, Fred L. Miller, F. E. Erickson, James H. Burke, George B. Johnson, L. D. Sitts, Martin Peterson, M. A. Garmoni. EIGHTEENTH WARD (13) George Berg, W. J. Healy, D. F. Murphy, C. S. Lamb, Albert Glade, Franz Schultz, Frederick Midgley, William J. Murphy, Schuyler C. Schwartz, Tames Perry. NINETEENTH WARD (9) Edward J. Smejkal, P. J. Meaney, Joseph H. Slater, David Schachtel, Fred C. Shaw, Q. J. Chott, A. Sherman, Christopher Mamer, Tohn P. Caufield. TWENTIETH WARD (20) William L. Noble, Thomas O'Shaughnessy, Charles A. McCulloch, Fred M. Blount, Fred A. Bangs, Edward S. Day, Fred W. Arnold, Tames C. Patterson, Thomas Jubb, D. F. Cummins, Paul I. Zaabel, Cesaire Gareau, T. H. Clifford, Thomas W. Cuddy, B. A. Eckhart, E. J. Cowen, William J. Moxley, C. Lichtenberger. Jr., Morris Williams, Daniel Morrison. TWENTY-FIRST WARD (18) Otto Reese, Tohn M. Smyth, Fred A. Busse, lacob W. Loeb, Dwight Lawrence, Fred Upham, John Maynard Harlan, Oscar Hebel, R. R. McCormick, Joseph Dunton, H. S. Duncombe, Graeme Stewart, James P. Whedon, George H. Welsh, J. L. Stephens, H. G. Hall, F. C. Smith, Lee Goddard. TWENTY-SECOND WARD (14) Joseph M. Mueller. Charles Burmeister, Julius Lehmann, B. F. Clettenberg, John R. Peterson, Henry Severin, John A. Linn, Charles G. Herst, Frank J. Chaiser, Gustave A. Ppehimant, George S. Oleson, Samuel E. Erickson, Albert J. Oleson, Victor E. Perotti. TWENTY-THIRD WARD (14) Charles W. Andrews, George H. Woods, David Revell, Charles E. Erby, William A. Beach, Dr. J. F. Williams, Henry C. Beitler, Henry Spears, Charles Kunz, Frank Bauschlicher, Otto W. Miller. TWENTY-FOURTH WARD (10) Charles Hengst, Charles Baumann, George M. Murray, Edward H. Griggs, Louis Mueller, George K. Schmidt, Edward J. Brun- dage, Dr. Elmer E. Vaughn, Otto F. Wermich, Charles A. Katcham. TWENTY-FIFTH WARD (22) George W. Linn, Frank L. Krebel, George M. Mill, Tohn Ritchie, George B. Milne, N. M. Metzdorf, Carl O. Olson, Carl Mueller, A. L. Coppock, C. A. Jones, John A. Enander, P. H. McCue, R. D. Houlihan, John W. Belmont, Fred Follett," William A. Olson, Charles Spangenberg, Frank C. Hage'r, Ralph C. Greenlee, Charles A. Bengston, Isaac J. Bryan, Ben M. Smith. TWENTY-SIXTH WARD (13) Henry T. Bruning, Charles G. Essig, C. T. A. Anderson, John Hufmeyer, J. F. Luettich, Edward J. Barteline, T. McHale, L. F.. Young, O. "D. Weaver, Jr., W. H. Brown, George A. Dupuy, Oscar W. Brecher, Carl Chindblom. 440 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK. TWENTY-SEVENTH (12) F. W. Christensen, Roscoe L. Roberts, Mark A. Foote, Edward T. Carlson, Robert L. Campbell, Herman H. Breidt, George Goshorn, George Guthier, M. T. Conway, George Hitzman, S. Nelson, Joseph F. Capp. TWENTY-EIGHTH WARD (14) John F. Smulski, Oscar F. Torrison, Louis A. Leistikow, Alexander M. Blacklock, Frank P. Murphy, Frederick Olson, Albert L. Adam, Hans Schow, Frank Tomaszowski, Edward C. Masters, Olaf F. Severson, H. G. W. Reinhart, James Reaaick, Joseph F. Haas. TWENTY-NINTH WARD (6) Al. Fackson, Frank E. Christian, Matthew A. Mueller, Philip Weber, Sr., John Golombiewski, Joseph J. Elias. THIRTIETH WARD (n) Andrew Bankert, C. A. M. Kowalski, Charles Holtz- berg, R. B. Caldwell, Alfred Anderson, P. J. McSnane, M. H. Hayes, Thomas J. Healy, John Burns, Michael G. Walsh. THIRTY-FIRST WARD (16) E. L. Denison, William H. Byrne, Daniel Smith, A. A. Bach, Louis A. Brucks, Elisha C. Fields, Frank P. Sadler, W. J. Woodworth, C. A. Nichols, D. I. Sicklesteel, Carl Lundberg, N. J. Olson, Gust. R. Lothgren, John W. Utesch, John A. Anderson, E. E. Fowler. THIRTY-SECOND WARD (17) E. H. Nichols, Charles T. Page, William H. Wilson, Marshall F. Holmes, charles W. \ ail, Harry F. Eidman, Charles E. Shearman, Fred BoldenwecK, Gustave Anderson. Paul V lezens, Henry Bauman, Henry C. Staver, William Mayhew, Col. E. C. Young, David R. Miller, W. H. Emerson, August Tid- holm. THIRTY-THIRD WARD (15) Dr. R. E. Libberton, Nicholas Decker, Otto Cedarwall, George Lytle, Martin G. Franke, John Madderom, Ben F. Kleeman, George E. Reed, G. M. McLean, Simeon P. Schoon, John Stone, John G. Yinke, S. E. Dennis, John Hazekamp. Sr., William J. Aurelius. THIRTY-FOURTH WARD (7) Jonathan Ruxton, C. W. Turner, W. Lorimer, T. Devenish, Z. R. Carter, J. B. Heffernan, Albert Grubbe. THIRTY-FIFTH WARD (10) Anton Aggerbeck, Fred Phillips, J. E. North- rup, E. J. Arnold, Frederick Lundin, G. A. Swanson, Edwin T. Farrar, Charles M. Oik, Theodore H. Thygerson, W. H. Troyer. COUNTRY TOWNS Barrington, L. H. Bennett; Berwyn, Gideon S. Thomp- son; Bloom, J. W. Thomas, W. J. McEldowney, E. C. Planner; Bremen, William Koehler; Calumet, John J. Dedrick, C. A. Whyland; Cicero, Lot Brown, A. J. Trapp, Joseph Hall; Elk Grove, William Busse; Evanston, Lloyd R. Ryerson, John A. Scott, George P. Engelhard, James G. Patten, David S. McMullen, Henry Sontag, Charles Webster, John S. Schuett; Hanover, George Struckman; Lemont, Jacob Mitchell; Lyons, Fred O. Munn, Charles H. Smith, E. C. Brainerd; Leyden, Richard Munsterman; Maine, D. J. Gillespie, W. E. Slosson; New Trier, A. C. Wehan, M. L. Vanderkloot, Gordon Ramsay; Niles, Henry Loetsch; Norwood Park, W. T. Downey; Northfield, John Bilg; Oak Park, John E. Hunt, E. W. Lyman, H. W. Austin, Henry D. Pierce; Palatine, M. Reynolds; Palos, Thomas Day; Proviso, W. F. Scott, Willard Melville, F. J. Griffer, Harrison P. Nichols, George Schwade; Rich, Henry Cohrs; Riverside, Chandler B. Beach; Schaumberg, Fred Voelkening; Stickney, Robert Law; Thornton, P. J. Carlson, A. H. Biekman, Frederick R. De Young, John Hurbet; Wheeling, A. F. Folz; Worth, W. H. Weber, Fred Schultz. COMMITTEES SELECTED BY THE CONVENTION. In the following list of committees and Presidential electors, the county in which each individual resides is given, except in the case cf those representing the first ten Congressional districts, all of which are in Cook county: STATE CENTRAL COMMITTEE (as organized subsequent to convention; city, instead of county, given in this list) Roy O. West, Chairman, Chicago; John A. Wheeler, Secretary, Auburn; Bernard A. Eckhart, Treasurer, Chicago. District cond, John J. Hanberg; Third, Charles S. Fifth, Joseph E. Bidwill; Sixth, Thomas son; Eighth, Frederick E. Erickson; Ninth, Fred A. Busse; Tenth, James Pease; Eleventh, William Grote, Elgin; Twelfth, Charles T. Cherry, Oswego; Thirteenth, James R. Cowley, Freeport; Fourteenth, James McKinney, Aledo; Fifteenth, Clarence E. Snively, Canton; Sixteenth, G. De F. Kinney, Peoria; Seventeenth, W. R. Baldwin, Lincoln; Eighteenth, Charles P. Hitch, Paris; Nineteenth, Charles G. Eckhart, Tuscola; Twentieth, A. L. French, Chapin; Twenty-first, John A. Wheeler, Auburn; Twenty-second, H. T. Burnap, Upper Alton; Twenty-third, P. W. Barnes, Lawrenceville; Twenty-fourth, Randolph Smith, Flora; Twenty-fifth, J. H. Duncan, Marion. Members at large Homer Tice, Greenview; James S. Neville, Bloomington; Clarence F. Buck, Monmouth; Scott Cowen, Shannon; Solon Philbrick, Urbana; James B. McFatrich, Chicago; E. H. Wright, Chicago. COMMITTEE ON CREDENTIALS First, Elbridge Hanecy; Second, E. C. Lindley; Third, Roy O. West; Fourth, David E. Shanahan; Fifth, William J. Cooke; Sixth, William Loriir.er; Seventh, Niels Juul; Eighth, D. F. Murphy; Ninth, nard Harlan; Tenth, Ben M. Smith; Eleventh, R. J. Barr, Will; Twelfth, members First, E. S. Magerstadt; Second, John J. Hanberg; Third, Charles S. Deneen; Fourth, Thomas J. Healy; Fifth, Joseph E. Bidwill; Sixth, Thomas O'Shaughnessy; Seventh, Olaf F. Severson; Eighth, Frederick E. Erickson; Ninth, J. W John May Fred E. Sterling, Winnebago; Thirteenth, D. W. Baxter, Ogle; Fourteenth, C. V. Chandler, McDonough; Fifteenth, T. J. Clark, Adams; Sixteenth, James D. Putnam, Peoria; Seventeenth, R. T. Bradford, Livingston; Eighteenth, C. E. Robinson, Kankakee; Nineteenth, W. C. Johns, Macon; Twentieth, Andrew Russel, Morgan; Twenty-first, George L. Tipton, Macoupin; Twenty-second, Henry J. Schmidt, Wash- ington; Twenty-third, A. Hanby Jones, Crawford; Twenty-fourth, W. S. Phillips, Gallatin; Twenty-fifth. John S. Aisthorp, Alexander. PART THREE: STATISTICAL. 441 . ena , . , . . , . . - stein; Fifth, Joseph Simon; Sixth, H. S. Brackett; Seventh, George Struckman; ewis Rinaker; Tenth, George A. Dupuy; COMMITTEE ON PERMANENT ORGANIZATION AND RULES First, Eli B. Felsentbal; Second, Ed. Eurstman; Third, A. L. Fackson; Fourth, E. J. Waller- stein; Fifth, Joseph Simon; Sixth, H. Eighth, Edward J. Smejkal; Ninth, Le Eleventh, Frank E. George, Kane; Twelfth, J. B. Stevens, DeKalb; Thirteenth, W. Scott Cowcn, Carroll; Fourteenth. C. W. Cooper, Henderson; Fifteenth, H. D. Tudson, Knox; Sixteenth, E. M. Wayne, Tazewell; Seventeenth, P. M. Ross, Ford; Eighteenth, F. W. Booth, Clark; Nineteenth, George D. Chaff ee, Shelby; Twentieth, E. D. Smith, Scott; Twenty-first, A. R. Stansifer, Montgomery; Twenty-second, Henry Brueggeman, Madison; Twenty-third, Norman H. Moss, Jefferson; Twenty- fourth, F. W. Potter, Saline; Twenty-fifth, F. T. Finley, Randolph. COMMITTEE ON RESOLUTIONS First, Martin B. Madden; Second, W. B. Moulton; Third, Charles W. Vail; Fourth, Charles H. Pitzner; Fifth, A. W. Miller; Sixth, Zina R. Carter; Seventh, Willard M. McEwen; Eighth, William G. Herrmann; Ninth, Graeme Stewart; Tenth, George P. Engelhardt; Eleventh, M. L. Raftree, DuPage; Twelfth. Walter Reeves, La Salle; Thirteenth, Edward Hardt, Jo Daviess; Fourteenth, J. W. Parker, Rock Island; Fifteenth, R. H. Mead, Schuyler; Sixteenth, E. A. Washburn, Bureau; Seventeenth, A. H. Brubaker, Woodford; Eighteenth, W. R. Jewell, Vermilion; Nineteenth, F. M. Wright, Champaign; Twen- tieth, C. J. Doyle, Greene; Twenty-first, George N. Black, Sangamon; Twenty- second, Tames A. Willoughby, St. Clair; Twenty-third, J. W. Gibson, Jasper; Twenty- fourth, 'D. W. Helm, Massac; Twenty-fifth, A. J. Pickrell, Union. COMMITTEE ON DELEGATES, ALTERNATES AND ELECTORS AT LARGE- First, Mancha Bruggemeyer; Second, Elliott Durand; Third, William H. Weber; Fourth, William P. Holdon; Fifth. Max Blumenfield; Sixth, Fred M. Blount; Seventh, Frank L. Race; Eighth, Christopher Mamer; Ninth, Samuel E. Erickson; Tenth, George K. Schmidt; Eleventh, D. F. Smiley, McHenry; Twelfth, F. S. Whitman, Boone; Thirteenth, S. H. Bethea, Lee; Fourteenth, J. S. Allen, Mercer; Fifteenth, E. E. Fitch, Henry; Sixteenth, M. M. Mallary, Marshall; Seven- teenth, A. J. Scroggin, McLean; Eighteenth, T. S. Arnold, Iroquois; Nineteenth, S. C. Pemberton, Coles; Twentieth, W. W. Watson, Pike; Twenty-first, W. J. Donahue, Macoupin; Twenty-second, W. A. Northcott, Bond; Twenty-third, John T. Brown, Fayette; Twenty-fourth, Ross Graham, White; Twenty-fifth, Q. E. Burgess, Franklin. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS First, Arthur Dixon; Second, Robert McMurdy; Third, Elisha C. Field; Fourth, Albert H. Maack; Fifth, Daniel D. Healy; Sixth, David Warren Clark; Seventh, William E. Mason; Eighth, John F. Devine; Ninth, Adolph Bergman; Tenth, Edward A. Warren; Eleventh, Henry Piepenbrink, Will; Twelfth, J. Arthur Pool, Grundy; Thirteenth, William E. Fry, Stevenson; Four- teenth, Erie P. Field, Warren; Fifteenth, Perry C. Ellis, Adams; Sixteenth, Frederick H. Smith, Peoria; Seventeenth, John A. Montelius, Ford; Eighteenth, Herman Kramer, Kankakee; Nineteenth, Henry A. Neal, Charleston; Twentieth, Asa C. Matthews, Pittsfield; Twenty-first, S. M. Grubbs, Montgomery; Twenty-second, A. C. Bellinger, Monroe; Twenty-third, George W. Harper, Crawford; Twenty-fourth, W. S. Phillips, Gallatin; Twenty-fifth, F. T. Joyner, Jackson. UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA tog 6D29B C002 THE BREAKING OF THE DEADLOCK SPRINGFIELD 30112025288751 I: I